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697:... observed that it was not without good reason that it had been chosen as the royal residence. It is situated on the south-west slope of a hill and surrounded by a marsh too deep to be crossed on foot either in summer or winter. The citadel the "Phacus," which is close to the city, stands in the marsh itself, projecting like an island, and is built on a huge substructure which is strong enough to carry a wall and prevent any damage from the infiltration from the water of the lagoon. At a distance it appears to be continuous with the city wall, but it is really separated by a channel which flows between the two walls and is connected with the city by a bridge. Thus it cuts off all means of access from an external foe, and if the king shut anyone up there, there could be no possibility of escape except by the bridge, which could be very easily guarded.
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878:, it consists of parallel streets which intersect at right angles and form a grid of eight rows of rectangular blocks. The blocks are of a consistent width—each approximately 45 m—and of a length which varies from 111 m to 152 m, 125 metres being the most common. The streets are from 9 to 10 metres wide, except for the middle East–West arterial, which is up to 15 metres wide. This street is the primary access to the central public
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elaborate grave goods were found and in 2010 37 tombs dating from 650 to 280 BC were discovered containing rich ancient
Macedonian artifacts ranging from ceramics to precious metals. One of the tombs was the final resting place of a warrior from the 6th century BC with a bronze helmet with a gold mouthplate, weapons and jewellery.
882:, which occupied a space of ten blocks. Two North-South streets are also a bit wider than the rest, and serve to connect the city to the port further South. This type of plan dates to the first half of the 4th century BC, and is very close to the ideal in design, though it distinguishes itself by large block size;
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The palace is situated on a 70 m high hill north of the city, a strategic position commanding the entire area and occupying a vast area of 75,000 m. It consisted of several large architectural groupings on terraces ascending from south-west to north-east, each with a series of rooms around a central
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family are still on inscriptions and painted sculptures and walls have survived. The tomb dates to the 2nd or 3rd century BC. Overall, archaeologists have uncovered 1,000 tombs at Pella since 2000, but these only represent an estimated 5% of those at the site. In 2009 43 graves containing rich and
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In pride of place in the centre of the city is the Agora, built in the last quarter of the 4th century BC and an architectural gem, unique in conception and size; it covered ~ 7 hectares or 10 city blocks. Pella is one of the first known cities to have had an extensive piped water supply to
918:. The city wall mentioned by Livy is only partly known. It consists of a rampart of crude bricks (~ 50 cm square) raised on a stone foundation; some of which has been located North of the palace, and some in the South next to the lake. Inside the ramparts, three hills occupy the North.
987:
The south facade of the palace, towards the city, consisted of one large (at least 153 metres long) portico, constructed on a 2 m-high foundation. The relationship between the four principal complexes is defined by an interruption in the portico occupied by a triple
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836:. The first excavation was begun by G. Oikonomos in 1914–15. The modern systematic exploration of the site began in 1953 and work has continued since then uncovering significant parts of the extensive city.
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dialect was spoken in
Macedonia, as was previously expected from the West Greek forms of names found in Macedonia. As a result, the Pella curse tablet has been forwarded as a strong argument that the
1014:, this was not only a royal residence or a grandiose monument but also a place of government which was required to accommodate a significant portion of the administrative apparatus of the kingdom.
1313:
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Journal in 1993. It is one of four texts found until today that might represent a local dialectal form of ancient Greek in
Macedonia, all of them identifiable as Doric. These confirm that a
1548:, 1996, p. 906: <<Macedonian may be seen as a Greek dialect, characterized by its marginal position and by local pronunciation (like Βερενίκα for Φερενίκα etc.)>>."
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riding a leopard. These mosaics adorned the floors of rich houses, often named after their representations, particularly the Houses of Helen and
Dionysus.
724:; shops and workshops dating from the catastrophe have been found with remains of their merchandise, though the city was eventually rebuilt over its ruins.
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for example had blocks of 86.3×35 metres. On the other hand, later
Hellenistic urban foundations have blocks comparable to those of Pella: 112×58 m in
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Since 2011, much of the Palace of Pella has been excavated and from 2017 parts of it have been restored. It is expected to open to the public in 2024.
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most likely represented the height of the city's prosperity, as this is the period which has left the most archaeological remains. The famous poet
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courtyard, generally with porticos. The oldest parts date from the time of Philip II, 350-330 BC, and the palace was further developed over time.
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begun in 1957 revealed large, well-built houses with colonnaded courts and rooms with mosaic floors portraying such scenes as a lion hunt and
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Despite its decline, archaeology has shown that the southern part of the city near the lagoon continued to be occupied until the 4th century.
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though their accounts may be exaggerated, as the Roman city occupied the west of the original capital and coinage indicates prosperity.
705:, and was possibly the seat of the Roman governor. Activity continued to be vigorous until the early 1st century BC and, crossed by the
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633:, his son, in 356 BC. It was already a walled city in the time of Philip II and he made the city of great international importance.
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375:, his son, in 356 BC. Pella quickly became the largest and richest city in Macedonia and flourished particularly under the rule of
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Sideris A., "La représentation en réalité virtuelle de la Maison de
Dionysos à Pella, créée par la Fondation du Monde Hellénique"
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settled peasants there whose land he had usurped to give to his veterans. But, unlike other
Macedonian colonies such as
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floors are famous: some reproduce Greek paintings; one shows a lion-griffin attacking a stag, a familiar motif also of
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The question of what language was spoken in ancient
Macedonia has been debated by the scholars. The discovery of the
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could describe it in passing as "now insignificant, with very few inhabitants". It later temporarily bore the name
625:, in the beginning of the 4th century BC Pella was the largest Macedonian city. It was the birthplace and seats of
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In
February 2006, a farmer accidentally uncovered the largest tomb ever found in Greece. The names of the noble
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Au royaume d’Alexandre le Grand. La Macédoine antique. Catalogue of the exhibition in the Louvre museum
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stayed there in 58 BC, though by then the provincial seat had already transferred to
Thessalonica
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scroll, dated to the first half of the 4th century BC (c. 375–350 BC). It was published in the
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1440:"The History Blog » Blog Archive » 37 more ancient Macedonian tombs found in Pella"
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992:, 15 m high, which gave the palace an imposing monumental air when seen from the city below.
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598:, the greatest painter of the time, to decorate his palace. He also later hosted the poet
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It became the largest and richest city in Macedonia and flourished particularly under
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wall murals imitating perspective views ever seen were on walls at Pella. There were
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and entered a long period of decline, its importance eclipsed by that of the nearby
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https://www.palaceofpella.gr/the-palace-description-architectural-phases/?lang=en
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https://www.palaceofpella.gr/the-palace-the-archaeological-investigation/?lang=en
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riding a panther. In modern times it finds itself as the starting point of the
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although there appears to be some possibility that it may have been created by
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1610:(Second ed.). West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons Limited.
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In the Byzantine period, the Roman site was occupied by a fortified village.
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It was probably built as the commercial capital of the kingdom of Macedon by
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1372:. Princeton University Press. p. 50, and directory notes accompanying.
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This article is about the ancient capital of Macedonia. For other uses, see
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The city proper was located south of and below the palace. Designed on a
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568:' campaign and in relation to Macedonian expansion and the war against
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Pella was declared capital of the 3rd administrative division of the
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Pella was probably founded at the beginning of the 4th century BC by
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Dionysophōntos Gamoi: Marital Life and Magic in Fourth Century Pella
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26th Conference of the Australasian Society for Classical Studies
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individual house and waste water disposal from most of the city.
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The site was explored by 19th-century voyagers including Holand,
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1671:, Βιβλιοθήκη τῆς ἐν Ἀθήναις Ἀρχαιολογικῆς Ἑταιρείας 70 (1971)
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The size of the complex indicates that, unlike the palace at
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with the name of the city, but suggests that it probably has
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1748:
1544:, p. 292: "...<<Macedonian Language>> de l'
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415:), "stone" which seems to appear in some other toponyms in
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https://www.world-archaeology.com/features/greece-pella-3/
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sometime between 45 and 30 BC and its currency was marked
709:, Pella remained a significant point on the route between
553:
In antiquity, Pella was a strategic port connected to the
541:
Stag Hunt Mosaic from the House of the Abduction of Helen.
1589:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
1402:. Alexander the Great Marathon. Retrieved on 2010-04-28.
2635:
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Central Macedonia
1734:
Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (via Perseus)
1568:. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
1565:
The Contest of Language: Before and Beyond Nationalism
925:
The agora was surrounded by the shaded colonnades of
640:'s rule who redesigned and expanded it. The reign of
1729:
Pleiades gazetteer entry for Pella/Diokletianoupolis
1479:, in Descamps-Lequime S., Charatzopoulou K. (éds.),
1607:
Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction
1117:AfRw. XXXII,1935 S.142ff : M.Nilsson (1967):
966:
Aerial photograph and plan of the House of Dionysos
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2625:Populated places established in the 4th century BC
832:and Struck, based on the descriptions provided by
761:or Roman law. Four pairs of colonial magistrates (
621:was first staged here, about 408 BC. According to
609:who finished his days there writing and producing
1314:"The Archaeological Museum of Pella | Multimedia"
2611:
1041:in 1986, found in Pella, the ancient capital of
1362:
1343:Lucian of Samosata: Alexander the false prophet
1586:Tradition and Innovation in Hellenistic Poetry
1582:
1504:
1464:The Palace - The archaeological investigation
1775:
1369:Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World
1704:, CNRS Éditions, Paris, 1993, pp 90–98.
1624:
1583:Fantuzzi, Marco; Hunter, Richard L. (2004).
1541:
1129:
1127:
1109:
1107:
1045:, has given us a text written in a distinct
914:which dominated the sea to the south in the
812:, in honour of the city's ancient heritage.
720:In about 90 BC the city was destroyed by an
489:word. With the prefix "α" it forms the word
1675:Pella Ι, istoriki episkopisis kai martyriai
1669:Πέλλα Ι, Ιστορική επισκόπησις και μαρτυρίαι
1652:. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: J.C. Gieben.
403:The name is probably derived from the word
363:as the new capital of Macedon, supplanting
147:The main courtyard of the House of Dionysos
2065:Provisional Government of National Defence
1782:
1768:
1717:, Special Issue, "Ancient Cities", c 1994.
1666:Despoina Papakonstantinou - Diamantourou,
1172:Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
906:The city is built on the former island of
755:, it never came under the jurisdiction of
549:Shops along the eastern edge of the agora.
141:
1625:Masson, Olivier; Dubois, Laurent (2000).
1124:
1104:
583:, complementing the older palace-city of
475:: *pella, *palla. Solders in an essay on
118:Capital of the ancient kingdom of Macedon
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1645:
1508:
1021:
969:
961:
856:
686:, the Roman who defeated Perseus at the
564:Pella is first mentioned in relation to
544:
536:
528:
520:
1694:, BCH Suppl. 16, 1988, pp 135–139.
1631:. Geneva, Switzerland: Librairie Droz.
1603:
1561:
1516:
1512:
1137:Vol. I. C.F.Verlag München, p. 558
1135:Die Geschichte der Griechische Religion
1121:Vol. I. C.F.Verlag München, p. 204
1119:Die Geschichte der Griechische Religion
383:. In 168 BC the city was sacked by the
2612:
1789:
995:Archaeologists have also identified a
2650:Populated places in ancient Macedonia
2555:Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki
1763:
768:The ruin of the city is described by
435:: pāsāna, stone (from *pars, *pels),
1682:Pella. Alexander the Great's Capital
850:Many artefacts are displayed in the
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
2539:Archaeological Museum of Amphipolis
2510:Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki
1709:Pella: Capital of Ancient Macedonia
865:
13:
1492:The Palace - Architectural phases
828:, Cousinéry, Delacoulonche, Hahn,
684:Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus
348:. It served as the capital of the
14:
2676:
2640:Former populated places in Greece
1991:Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)
1756:, 3D Architectural Reconstruction
1722:
1413:"Greek tomb find excites experts"
367:. The city was the birthplace of
2103:Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace
1976:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
1971:Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
1867:
1240:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia
1191:Etymological Dictionary of Greek
678:In 168 BC, it was sacked by the
499:, "fence, enclosure of stones".
340:) is an ancient city located in
198:
191:
165:
158:
20:
2630:1914 archaeological discoveries
2194:Thessaloniki International Fair
1692:Les villes de Macédoine romaine
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1483:, Paris 2011, pp. 682–683.
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525:House of Dionysus (325–300 BC).
427:reconstructs the word from the
31:needs additional citations for
2551:Archaeological Museum of Pella
1232:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1180:
1161:
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1083:, part of the Doric dialects.
1032:Archaeological Museum of Pella
852:Archaeological Museum of Pella
815:
731:Pella was promoted to a Roman
651:Pella is further mentioned by
594:Archelaus invited the painter
1:
2547:Archaeological Museum of Dion
1604:Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010).
1242:, John Wiley and Sons, 2010.
1098:
901:
765:) are known for this period.
485:(pella), λίθος (stone) as an
199:
166:
2179:Ptolemaida-Florina coal mine
2118:Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
1238:J. Roisman, I. Worthington.
1093:List of ancient Greek cities
974:Bathtubs in the public baths
810:Alexander The Great Marathon
802:Greek Archaeological Service
605:and the Athenian playwright
398:
7:
2645:Cities in ancient Macedonia
2559:Museum of Byzantine culture
2543:Aiani Archaeological Museum
2134:Agios Dimitrios Power Plant
1956:Sack of Thessalonica (1185)
1906:Wars of Alexander the Great
1646:Voutiras, Emmanuel (1998).
1546:Oxford Classical Dictionary
1254:Xenophon: Hellenica, 5.2.13
1193:, Brill, 2009, p. 1168
1086:
1077:Ancient Macedonian language
1017:
737:Colonia Iulia Augusta Pella
703:Roman province of Macedonia
10:
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2660:Capitals of former nations
1946:Sack of Thessalonica (904)
1754:House of Dionysos in Pella
1505:Fantuzzi & Hunter 2004
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2006:Greek War of Independence
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1744:Greek Ministry of Culture
1628:Onomastica Graeca Selecta
1115:Der unsprüngliche Apollon
1003:dating from the reign of
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800:Excavations there by the
648:died in Pella c. 240 BC.
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2082:Macedonia naming dispute
1951:Byzantine–Bulgarian wars
1562:Bloomer, Martin (2005).
1542:Masson & Dubois 2000
479:glossary has referenced
459:: parša (*plso), cliff,
134:
2452:Alexandrion (Litochoro)
1981:Zealots of Thessalonica
1961:Kingdom of Thessalonica
861:Schematic plan of Pella
267:40.754669°N 22.521050°E
2601:Greek Macedonia Portal
1986:Byzantine–Ottoman wars
1966:Empire of Thessalonica
1444:www.thehistoryblog.com
1034:
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763:duumvirs quinquennales
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179:Location within Greece
123:Pella (disambiguation)
2504:Tomb of the Palmettes
1936:Theme of Thessalonica
1841:Macedonian Bulgarians
1700:R. Ginouvès, et al.,
1684:, Thessaloniki, 1977.
1069:Hellenic Dialectology
1049:idiom. Ιt contains a
1025:
973:
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955:art, another depicts
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548:
540:
532:
524:
2665:Pella (municipality)
2379:Pindus National Park
2169:Port of Thessaloniki
2139:Amyntaio Power Plant
1911:Wars of the Diadochi
1829:Jews of Thessaloniki
1817:Macedonians (Greeks)
1711:, pp 59–65, in
1324:on 26 September 2017
822:François Pouqueville
431:root peli-s, pel-s,
389:Third Macedonian War
318:Architectural styles
272:40.754669; 22.521050
40:improve this article
2484:Hellenistic theatre
2479:Archaeological Park
2050:Macedonian Struggle
1926:Barbarian invasions
1805:Ancient Macedonians
1739:Macedonian Heritage
1714:Scientific American
1176:Pokorny p. 807
1081:North-Western Greek
671:fought against the
631:Alexander the Great
629:, in 382 BC and of
429:Proto-Indo-European
373:Alexander the Great
263: /
130:
2462:Lion of Amphipolis
2038:Sanjak of Salonica
2016:Sanjak of Monastir
1931:Theme of Macedonia
1845:Ethnic Macedonians
1791:Macedonia (Greece)
1707:Ch. J. Makaronas,
1398:2015-07-02 at the
1217:II, 99,4 and 100,4
1133:M.Nilsson (1967):
1039:Pella curse tablet
1035:
1028:Pella curse tablet
976:
968:
916:Hellenistic period
863:
841:ancient Macedonian
659:as the capital of
572:, the king of the
551:
543:
535:
527:
487:ancient Macedonian
371:in 382 BC, and of
218:Show map of Europe
182:Show map of Greece
128:
2607:
2606:
2500:Tomb of Judgement
2338:Small Prespa Lake
2113:Central Macedonia
2108:Western Macedonia
2021:Sanjak of Serfiğe
1884:Ancient Macedonia
1859:Megleno-Romanians
1617:978-1-4051-8896-8
1379:978-0-691-03169-9
1318:Latsis Foundation
1079:was a dialect of
1063:) inscribed on a
941:Aphrodite, Cybele
894:, or 120×46 m in
826:Félix de Beaujour
782:In about AD 180,
503:relates the word
471:: fell (*pelso),
463: : *falisa,
342:Central Macedonia
327:
326:
236:Central Macedonia
116:
115:
108:
90:
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2447:Agios Athanasios
2400:Vermio Mountains
2174:Prinos oil field
2087:Prespa agreement
2060:Macedonian front
2028:Salonica Vilayet
2011:Manastir Vilayet
1941:Theme of Strymon
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892:Laodicea ad Mare
874:as envisaged by
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533:Lion hunt mosaic
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2072:Axis occupation
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2033:Sanjak of Drama
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1916:Macedonian Wars
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1723:External links
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1509:Voutiras 1998
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1455:(see picture)
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1174:p. 807 .
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949:pebble-mosaic
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830:Gustave Glotz
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615:. Euripides'
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501:Robert Beekes
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350:ancient Greek
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57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2600:
2534:
2514:
2421:
2318:Lake Kerkini
2274:
2210:Thessaloniki
2203:Major cities
1839:
1712:
1708:
1702:La Macédoine
1701:
1691:
1681:
1680:Ph. Petsas,
1674:
1668:
1648:
1627:
1606:
1585:
1564:
1555:Bibliography
1545:
1537:
1529:
1524:
1517:Bloomer 2005
1513:Fortson 2010
1500:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1460:
1447:. Retrieved
1443:
1434:
1423:. Retrieved
1421:. 2006-02-12
1416:
1407:
1393:Presentation
1388:
1367:
1358:
1346:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:the original
1317:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1284:
1272:
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1234:
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1036:
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982:
932:trompe-l'œil
930:
924:
920:
905:
869:
849:
846:
838:
834:Titus Livius
819:
799:
796:
791:
781:
778:
767:
762:
758:ius Italicum
756:
736:
730:
719:
715:Thessalonica
700:
677:
650:
635:
616:
611:
593:
578:
563:
552:
496:
404:
402:
393:Thessalonica
381:Antigonus II
358:
329:
328:
313:Architecture
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2575:Vergina Sun
2491:Mount Athos
2355:Mount Paiko
2333:Lake Prespa
2298:Doiran Lake
2293:Axios River
2055:Balkan Wars
1698:(in French)
1688:(in French)
1677:- in Greek)
1289:Dio Cassius
1073:Doric Greek
1047:Doric Greek
816:Archaeology
753:Cassandreia
707:Via Egnatia
667:during the
589:Amyntas III
581:Archelaus I
387:during the
361:Archelaus I
352:kingdom of
270: /
246:Coordinates
2614:Categories
2467:Kasta Tomb
2457:Amphipolis
2431:Ammouliani
2350:Lake Volvi
1894:Government
1854:Aromanians
1425:2006-06-12
1349:Tertullian
1244:p. 92
1215:Thucydides
1113:S.Solders
1099:References
1060:katadesmos
990:propylaeum
947:. Pella's
912:promontory
902:Urban area
888:Chalcidice
876:Hippodamus
722:earthquake
711:Dyrrachium
603:of Miletus
455:(*pelsa),
433:Old Indian
298:Site notes
258:22°31′16″E
255:40°45′17″N
66:newspapers
2440:Monuments
2395:Vasilitsa
2313:Haliacmon
1203:Herodotus
1005:Cassander
997:palaestra
872:grid plan
642:Antigonus
638:Cassander
627:Philip II
612:Archelaus
607:Euripides
600:Timotheus
574:Thracians
511:pre-Greek
477:Hesychius
469:Old Norse
453:Hesychius
451:, stone,
399:Etymology
377:Cassander
369:Philip II
2535:Museums
2520:Philippi
2265:Siatista
2235:Katerini
2220:Kastoria
1449:30 April
1396:Archived
1328:30 April
1279:VII, 323
1205:VII, 123
1087:See also
1018:Language
957:Dionysus
953:Scythian
884:Olynthus
806:Dionysus
788:Samosata
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