122:
445:
are poor surgical candidates, or who may not be able to attend physical therapy. Pessaries require a provider to fit the device, but most can be removed, cleaned, and replaced by the woman herself; however, others have this done for them by a clinician biannually. A trial compared the two approaches and found that, compared with clinic-based care, self-management was associated with a similar quality of life, fewer complications, and was more cost-effective. Pessaries should be offered as a non-surgical alternative for women considering surgery.
49:
204:
110:
460:) is used to treat symptoms such as bowel or urinary problems, pain, or a prolapse sensation. When operating a pelvic organ prolapse, introducing a mid-urethral sling during or after surgery seems to reduce stress urinary incontinence. Transvaginal repair seems to be more effective than transanal repair in posterior wall prolapse, but adverse effects cannot be excluded. According to the
444:
device fitted to the patient is also a non-surgical option, it is inserted into the vagina and may be retained for up to several months. Vaginal pessaries can immediately relieve prolapse and prolapse-related symptoms. Pessaries are a good choice of treatment for women who wish to maintain fertility,
475:
Compared to native tissue repair, transvaginal permanent mesh likely reduces the perception of vaginal prolapse sensation, the risk of recurrent prolapse, and of having repeat surgery specifically only for prolapse. Transvaginal mesh (TVM) has a greater risk of bladder injury and of needing repeat
1304:
1315:
1462:
1447:
471:
compared with native tissue repair for anterior compartment prolapse owing to increased morbidity. For posterior vaginal repair, the use of mesh or graft material does not seem to provide any benefits.
1527:
1231:
Yeung E, Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Haya N, Chen Z, Wallace SA, Mowat A, Maher C (2024-03-13). "Transvaginal mesh or grafts or native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse".
930:
Tulikangas P, et al. (Committee on
Practice Bulletins—Gynecology and the American Urogynecologic Society) (April 2017). "Practice Bulletin No. 176: Pelvic Organ Prolapse".
498:
For surgical treatment of apical vaginal prolapse, going through the abdomen (sacral colpopexy) may have better outcomes than a surgical approach that goes through the vagina.
973:
Hagen S, Kearney R, Goodman K, Best C, Elders A, Melone L, Dwyer L, Dembinsky M, Graham M, Agur W, Breeman S, Culverhouse J, Forrest A, Forrest M, Guerrero K (December 2023).
2339:
1520:
553:"Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
93:
collapses after gynecological cancer treatment, childbirth or heavy lifting. Injury incurred to fascia membranes and other connective structures can result in
975:"Clinical effectiveness of vaginal pessary self-management vs clinic-based care for pelvic organ prolapse (TOPSY): a randomised controlled superiority trial"
476:
surgery for stress urinary incontinence or mesh exposure. The use of a TVM in treating vaginal prolapses is associated with severe side effects including
1513:
1340:
227:
Pelvic organ prolapses are graded either via the Baden–Walker System, Shaw's System, or the Pelvic Organ
Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) System.
857:
707:
382:
The criteria for stage 0 are not met, and the most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm above the level of the hymen (less than −1 cm).
1158:"UPDATE on Serious Complications Associated with Transvaginal Placement of Surgical Mesh for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: FDA Safety Communication"
1030:
89:) is characterized by descent of pelvic organs from their normal positions into the vagina. In women, the condition usually occurs when the
352:
56:
A 40 year old woman with uterine prolapse, which is visible only in standing position, with the cervix protruding through the vulva.
683:
2314:
390:
The most distal prolapse is between 1 cm above and 1 cm below the hymen (at least one point is −1, 0, or +1).
121:
1958:
2128:
1647:
456:(for example native tissue repair, biological graft repair, absorbable and non-absorbable mesh repair, colpopexy, or
1342:
Investigation of sheep reproductive tract as an animal model for pelvic organ prolapse and urogyencological research
1833:
1742:
406:
Represents complete procidentia or vault eversion; the most distal prolapse protrudes to at least (TVL−2) cm.
430:
398:
The most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm below the hymen but no further than 2 cm less than TVL.
1157:
374:
No prolapse anterior and posterior points are all −3 cm, and C or D is between −TVL and −(TVL−2) cm.
2255:
1784:
2250:
1983:
1680:
2299:
1868:
514:
To study POP, various animal models are employed: non-human primates, sheep, pigs, rats, and others.
1816:
506:
Genital prolapse occurs in about 316 million women worldwide as of 2010 (9.3% of all females).
1635:
1477:
2183:
2133:
2089:
1747:
649:
2161:
1737:
1576:
1536:
2166:
2020:
1963:
1888:
1826:
1687:
1505:
101:
or both. Treatment can involve dietary and lifestyle changes, physical therapy, or surgery.
2178:
1603:
1058:"Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence"
551:
Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, et al. (December 2012).
8:
2289:
2228:
2084:
1466:
1056:
Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Maher C, Haya N, Crawford TJ, Brown J (19 August 2018).
724:
Maher C, Yeung E, Haya N, Christmann-Schmid C, Mowat A, Chen Z, Baessler K (2023-07-26).
1279:
1007:
883:"25: Pessary use and severity of pelvic organ prolapse over time: a retrospective study"
758:
725:
292:
Baden–Walker System for the
Evaluation of Pelvic Organ Prolapse on Physical Examination
2156:
2113:
2079:
2015:
1978:
1883:
1774:
1675:
1630:
1586:
1581:
1414:
1382:
1357:
1208:
1183:
1134:
1109:
1082:
1057:
955:
912:
839:
799:
782:
701:
626:
601:
577:
552:
568:
2171:
2069:
1752:
1640:
1488:
1387:
1260:
1248:
1213:
1182:
Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Haya N, Brown J (November 2016).
1139:
1087:
1012:
994:
947:
904:
804:
763:
745:
689:
679:
631:
582:
477:
61:
1471:
959:
916:
843:
602:"Pelvic floor disorders in women with gynecologic malignancies: a systematic review"
2294:
2223:
2025:
1853:
1620:
1559:
1410:
1377:
1369:
1256:
1244:
1240:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1129:
1121:
1108:
Mowat A, Maher D, Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Haya N, Maher C (5 March 2018).
1077:
1069:
1038:
1002:
986:
939:
894:
831:
794:
753:
741:
737:
621:
613:
572:
564:
207:
185:
1305:"Sheep as an animal model for pelvic organ prolapse and urogynecological research"
822:
Beckley I, Harris N (2013-03-26). "Pelvic organ prolapse: a urology perspective".
2344:
2101:
2044:
1953:
1917:
1858:
1799:
1657:
1568:
1482:
990:
943:
441:
22:
194:
prolapse (descent of the roof of vagina) – after surgical removal of the uterus
2276:
2138:
2030:
1990:
1968:
1804:
1667:
1652:
1596:
1493:
1042:
974:
899:
882:
780:
426:
1125:
1073:
617:
48:
2333:
2284:
1809:
1794:
1757:
1692:
1610:
1252:
998:
908:
835:
749:
693:
600:
Ramaseshan AS, Felton J, Roque D, Rao G, Shipper AG, Sanses TV (April 2018).
468:
191:
1456:
2203:
2056:
1935:
1843:
1821:
1762:
1697:
1625:
1540:
1391:
1264:
1217:
1143:
1091:
1016:
951:
808:
767:
635:
586:
523:
492:
457:
195:
173:
90:
1031:"Pelvic organ prolapse: self-management of pessaries can be a good option"
495:
have been filed and settled against several manufacturers of TVM devices.
2208:
2123:
2096:
2060:
2006:
1927:
1912:
1838:
1725:
1702:
1591:
145:
2309:
2193:
2143:
2065:
1973:
1904:
1789:
1615:
1303:
Patnaik SS, Brazile B, Dandolu V, Damaser M, van der Vaart CH, Liao J.
161:
66:
1439:
1373:
2198:
2188:
2074:
1544:
481:
417:
Vaginal prolapses are treated according to the severity of symptoms.
167:
139:
126:
114:
98:
94:
1356:
Couri BM, Lenis AT, Borazjani A, Paraiso MF, Damaser MS (May 2012).
1181:
2304:
2010:
1107:
203:
1230:
1055:
880:
781:
ACOG Committee on
Practice Bulletins—Gynecology (September 2007).
491:
Safety and efficacy of many newer meshes is unknown. Thousands of
528:
453:
437:
425:
With conservative measures, such as changes in diet and fitness,
1358:"Animal models of female pelvic organ prolapse: lessons learned"
862:
National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
1945:
1716:
1451:
723:
215:
211:
1535:
109:
881:
Boyd S, Propst K, O'Sullivan D, Tulikangas P (March 2019).
485:
1407:
1355:
678:. Barbarito, Colleen (3rd ed.). Boston. p. 665.
461:
1302:
599:
16:
Descent of the pelvic organs from their normal positions
1110:"Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse"
972:
550:
1184:"Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse"
783:"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 85: Pelvic organ prolapse"
1277:
117:
protruding through the vagina in a 73 year old woman.
1429:
358:
Pelvic Organ
Prolapse Quantification System (POP-Q)
300:
Posterior urethral descent, lowest part other sites
467:Evidence does not support the use of transvaginal
273:Grade 1 descent into vagina not reaching introitus
2340:Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract
1160:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 13 July 2011
2331:
726:"Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse"
546:
544:
1521:
887:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
821:
1362:Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology
541:
1233:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1188:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
730:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
676:Health & physical assessment in nursing
353:Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System
151:Cystourethrocele (both bladder and urethra)
1528:
1514:
929:
706:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
47:
21:For prolapse of pelvic organs in men, see
1381:
1207:
1133:
1081:
1006:
898:
798:
757:
625:
576:
308:normal position for each respective site
464:, serious complications are "not rare."
202:
120:
108:
76:316 million women (9.3% as of 2010)
1404:
1338:
340:maximum possible descent for each site
2332:
673:
1558:
1509:
1177:
1175:
1103:
1101:
279:Grade 3 descent outside the introitus
1409:. Academic Press. pp. 131–148.
1278:Michelle Llamas, BCPA (2022-11-11).
719:
717:
2315:Persistent genital arousal disorder
815:
606:International Urogynecology Journal
276:Grade 2 descent up to the introitus
13:
1415:10.1016/B978-0-12-803228-2.00006-4
1172:
1098:
800:10.1097/01.AOG.0000263925.97887.72
14:
2356:
2129:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
1648:Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
1425:
714:
210:in a 71 year old woman, with the
230:
1398:
1349:
1345:. Mississippi State University.
1332:
1312:ASB 2015 Annual Conference 2015
1296:
1271:
1224:
1150:
1049:
1023:
966:
923:
501:
420:
332:descent halfway past the hymen
286:
157:Posterior vaginal wall prolapse
1743:Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
1245:10.1002/14651858.CD012079.pub2
1200:10.1002/14651858.CD004014.pub6
874:
850:
774:
742:10.1002/14651858.CD012376.pub2
667:
642:
593:
135:Anterior vaginal wall prolapse
1:
569:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2
534:
431:pelvic floor physical therapy
412:
316:descent halfway to the hymen
164:(small intestine into vagina)
1839:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
1810:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)
1280:"Transvaginal Mesh Lawsuits"
991:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102326
944:10.1097/aog.0000000000002016
260:Lower 1/3 deficient perineum
7:
2256:Pelvic inflammatory disease
824:Journal of Clinical Urology
517:
509:
10:
2361:
2251:Pelvic congestion syndrome
1681:Fallopian tube obstruction
1114:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
1062:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
1043:10.3310/nihrevidence_62718
900:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.01.055
448:
350:
222:
20:
2300:Vestibular papillomatosis
2275:
2268:
2243:
2219:
2152:
2110:
2052:
2043:
1999:
1944:
1926:
1903:
1879:
1869:Metropathia haemorrhagica
1771:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1666:
1567:
1551:
1433:
1126:10.1002/14651858.CD012975
1074:10.1002/14651858.CD013108
932:Obstetrics and Gynecology
858:"Kegel Exercises | NIDDK"
787:Obstetrics and Gynecology
618:10.1007/s00192-017-3467-4
72:
60:
55:
46:
38:
33:
1636:Follicular cyst of ovary
836:10.1177/2051415812472675
346:
104:
2134:Sexual arousal disorder
2090:Candidal vulvovaginitis
1748:Endometrial hyperplasia
674:Donita D (2015-02-10).
650:"Pelvic organ prolapse"
270:Grade 0 Normal position
181:Apical vaginal prolapse
42:Female genital prolapse
1577:Endometriosis of ovary
219:
130:
118:
2021:Vesicouterine fistula
1964:Cervical incompetence
1889:Recurrent miscarriage
1827:Premenstrual syndrome
1688:Fallopian tube cancer
493:class action lawsuits
324:descent to the hymen
244:Lower 1/3 urethrocele
206:
148:(urethra into vagina)
142:(bladder into vagina)
124:
112:
83:Pelvic organ prolapse
34:Pelvic organ prolapse
2179:Rectovaginal fistula
1604:Poor ovarian reserve
257:Middle 1/3 rectocele
254:Upper 1/3 enterocele
188:(uterus into vagina)
170:(rectum into vagina)
2229:Postcoital bleeding
2157:Urogenital fistulas
2085:Bacterial vaginosis
1738:Asherman's syndrome
1405:Patnaik SS (2016).
1339:Patnaik SS (2015).
563:(9859): 2163–2196.
359:
293:
282:Grade 4 Procidentia
241:Upper 2/3 cystocele
2114:Sexual dysfunction
2080:Atrophic vaginitis
2016:Retroverted uterus
1979:Female infertility
1959:Cervical dysplasia
1884:Female infertility
1676:Female infertility
1631:Corpus luteum cyst
1587:Ovulatory disorder
1582:Female infertility
357:
291:
220:
131:
119:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2264:
2263:
2239:
2238:
2172:Obstetric fistula
2070:Vaginal discharge
2039:
2038:
1984:Cervical stenosis
1899:
1898:
1753:Endometrial polyp
1711:
1710:
1641:Theca lutein cyst
1503:
1502:
1374:10.1586/eog.12.24
1037:. 11 April 2024.
979:eClinicalMedicine
685:978-0-13-387640-6
478:organ perforation
410:
409:
344:
343:
80:
79:
28:Medical condition
2352:
2295:Kraurosis vulvae
2290:Bartholin's cyst
2273:
2272:
2224:Vaginal bleeding
2117:
2050:
2049:
2026:Uterine prolapse
1854:Menometrorrhagia
1778:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1621:Ovarian apoplexy
1565:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1431:
1430:
1419:
1418:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1314:. Archived from
1309:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1259: 10936147.
1228:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1194:(11): CD004014.
1179:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1085:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1010:
970:
964:
963:
927:
921:
920:
902:
878:
872:
871:
869:
868:
854:
848:
847:
819:
813:
812:
802:
778:
772:
771:
761:
721:
712:
711:
705:
697:
671:
665:
664:
662:
661:
654:womenshealth.gov
646:
640:
639:
629:
597:
591:
590:
580:
548:
360:
356:
294:
290:
265:Uterine prolapse
208:Uterine prolapse
186:Uterine prolapse
51:
31:
30:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2319:
2260:
2235:
2215:
2148:
2111:
2106:
2102:Vaginal atresia
2035:
1995:
1954:Cervical cancer
1940:
1922:
1918:Uterine fibroid
1895:
1875:
1859:Polymenorrhagia
1800:Oligoamenorrhea
1772:
1767:
1707:
1662:
1658:Ovarian torsion
1547:
1537:Female diseases
1534:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1442:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1403:
1399:
1354:
1350:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1286:
1276:
1272:
1239:(3): CD012079.
1229:
1225:
1180:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1120:(3): CD012975.
1106:
1099:
1068:(8): CD013108.
1054:
1050:
1029:
1028:
1024:
971:
967:
928:
924:
879:
875:
866:
864:
856:
855:
851:
820:
816:
779:
775:
736:(7): CD012376.
722:
715:
699:
698:
686:
672:
668:
659:
657:
648:
647:
643:
598:
594:
549:
542:
537:
520:
512:
504:
451:
442:silicone rubber
427:Kegel exercises
423:
415:
355:
349:
289:
233:
225:
214:visible in the
107:
29:
26:
23:Rectal prolapse
17:
12:
11:
5:
2358:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2162:Ureterovaginal
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2139:Vaginal cancer
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2072:
2063:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2031:Uterine cancer
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1991:Nabothian cyst
1988:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1971:
1969:Cervical polyp
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1805:Oligomenorrhea
1802:
1797:
1792:
1781:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1672:
1670:
1668:Fallopian tube
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1653:Ovarian cancer
1650:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1597:Oligoovulation
1594:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1485:
1474:
1459:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:Classification
1427:
1426:External links
1424:
1421:
1420:
1397:
1368:(3): 249–260.
1348:
1331:
1295:
1270:
1223:
1171:
1149:
1097:
1048:
1022:
965:
938:(4): e56–e72.
922:
873:
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1758:Endometriosis
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1035:NIHR Evidence
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231:Shaw's System
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192:Vaginal vault
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24:
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2204:Sigmoidocele
2112:
2057:Hematocolpos
1936:Parametritis
1844:Metrorrhagia
1822:Dysmenorrhea
1775:Menstruation
1773:
1763:Endometritis
1698:Hydrosalpinx
1626:Ovarian cyst
1487:
1476:
1461:
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1323:. Retrieved
1316:the original
1311:
1298:
1287:. Retrieved
1283:
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1187:
1162:. Retrieved
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865:. Retrieved
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830:(2): 68–76.
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658:. Retrieved
656:. 2017-05-03
653:
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524:Perineometer
513:
505:
502:Epidemiology
497:
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474:
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458:colpocleisis
452:
435:
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421:Non-surgical
416:
366:Description
287:Baden–Walker
264:
263:
248:
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235:
234:
226:
196:hysterectomy
180:
174:Sigmoidocele
156:
134:
91:pelvic floor
86:
82:
81:
18:
2209:Urethrocele
2124:Dyspareunia
2097:Hydrocolpos
2061:Hydrocolpos
2007:Hematometra
1928:Parametrium
1913:Adenomyosis
1726:Endometrium
1703:Salpingitis
1592:Anovulation
893:(3): S723.
146:Urethrocele
39:Other names
2334:Categories
2310:Vulvodynia
2194:Enterocele
2144:Vaginismus
2066:Leukorrhea
1974:Cervicitis
1905:Myometrium
1790:Amenorrhea
1616:Oophoritis
1489:DiseasesDB
1325:2019-03-26
1289:2023-01-16
985:: 102326.
867:2017-12-02
660:2017-12-29
535:References
413:Management
162:Enterocele
67:Gynecology
2199:Rectocele
2189:Cystocele
2075:Vaginitis
1284:drugwatch
1253:1469-493X
999:2589-5370
909:0002-9378
750:1469-493X
702:cite book
694:894626609
482:infection
168:Rectocele
140:Cystocele
127:rectocele
115:cystocele
99:rectocele
95:cystocele
73:Frequency
62:Specialty
2305:Vulvitis
2269:External
2184:Prolapse
2011:Pyometra
1552:Internal
1545:genitals
1392:22707980
1265:38477494
1218:27901278
1144:29502352
1092:30121956
1017:38078194
1008:10701109
960:46882949
952:28333818
917:86740242
844:75886698
809:17766624
768:37493538
759:10370901
636:28929201
587:23245607
518:See also
510:Research
218:orifice.
2000:General
1539:of the
1483:D014596
1383:3374602
1209:6464975
1164:23 June
1135:6494287
1083:6513383
627:7329191
578:6350784
529:Pessary
454:Surgery
449:Surgery
438:pessary
223:Grading
216:vaginal
2345:Vagina
2045:Vagina
1946:Cervix
1865:Other
1850:Mixed
1834:Timing
1717:Uterus
1560:Adnexa
1541:pelvis
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557:Lancet
484:, and
429:, and
212:cervix
125:Large
2277:Vulva
2244:Other
1569:Ovary
1494:25265
1319:(PDF)
1308:(PDF)
956:S2CID
913:S2CID
840:S2CID
363:Stage
347:POP-Q
297:Grade
105:Types
1817:Pain
1785:Flow
1543:and
1478:MeSH
1467:9-CM
1388:PMID
1261:PMID
1249:ISSN
1237:2024
1214:PMID
1192:2017
1166:2015
1140:PMID
1118:2018
1088:PMID
1066:2018
1013:PMID
995:ISSN
948:PMID
905:ISSN
805:PMID
764:PMID
746:ISSN
734:2023
708:link
690:OCLC
680:ISBN
632:PMID
583:PMID
486:pain
1472:618
1463:ICD
1457:N81
1448:ICD
1411:doi
1378:PMC
1370:doi
1257:PMC
1241:doi
1204:PMC
1196:doi
1130:PMC
1122:doi
1078:PMC
1070:doi
1039:doi
1003:PMC
987:doi
940:doi
936:129
895:doi
891:220
832:doi
795:doi
791:110
754:PMC
738:doi
622:PMC
614:doi
573:PMC
565:doi
561:380
462:FDA
87:POP
2336::
2068:/
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2009:/
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