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41:
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226:(possibly multiple) may have revolted against the rule of Viroconium Cornoviorum, establishing a separate centre of power, which would become Powys. Between 530 and 550, Viroconium Cornoviorum, like many other Roman urban sites and villas in Britain at the time, was abandoned, possibly eventually developing into part of the royal court of
376:
in a surprise attack. Caught completely off guard and without defence, the royal family, including the king, were slaughtered, according to the poetry commemorating the tragedy, with the palace being burned to the ground, likely along with records. Princess Heledd was the only survivor and fled to
319:, and was only finally abandoned in about 520, when it had become indefensible as the last vestiges of Romano-British central government broke down. A fort on the Wrekin, near Wroxeter, has also been suggested for this reason. Another theory is that the earthworks under
246:(a cycle of poems named after Cynddylan's sister), possibly dating from the 9th century but not recorded until later, and this material situates Cynddylan's seat at Pengwern. These relate to a further cycle of heroic and elegiac poetry concerning early Powys and the
637:
347:
of Powys died as well, and it is unclear what happened to Powys afterwards, as mentions of their rulers became scarce for nearly a century.) Together
Cynddylan and Penda fought against the increasingly powerful
480:
441:
176:, further west, but the theory that it was an early kingdom (or a sub-kingdom of Powys itself) has also been postulated. Its precise location is uncertain.
759:
368:, was slain. Regardless, this seems to have bought a period of peace until Penda's death, when a Northumbrian raiding party led by Oswald's brother
531:
A vindication of the genuineness of the ancient
British poems of Aneurin, Taliesin, Llywarch Hen, and Merdhin, with specimens of the poems
272:— the Court of Pengwern — is not known, and the problem is compounded by the fact that several other Pengwerns exist in Wales (e.g. near
854:
577:
196:. Early Powys, much larger in extent than the later medieval kingdom, seems to have roughly coincided with the territory of the Celtic
634:
848:
650:
571:
474:
689:
McKenna, Catherine (2018). "Medieval Powys. Kingdom, principality and lordships, 1132-1293 by David
Stephenson (review)".
303:, is the location of Pengwern. However, archaeological evidence shows only the Iron Age fort with possible Roman reuse.
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to protect his realm, possibly also for personal reasons: his brother Gwion had been killed during the
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Post-Roman Welsh kingdoms or tribes. The modern border between Wales and
England is shown in purple.
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Whittington Castle and the families of
Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Peverel, Maminot, Powys and Fitz Warin
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western Powys. After this the region associated with
Pengwern seems to have been shared between
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left the area, Viroconium
Cornoviorum had taken control of governing. However, the surrounding
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197:
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Bray, Dorothy Ann (1 January 1995). "A woman's loss and lamentation: Heledd's song and
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Thornton, David E. (2004). "Cynddylan ap
Cyndrwyn (fl. c. 616–c. 641), king in Wales".
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landscape today are mentioned alongside
Pengwern in this poetry. The exact location of
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736:(Updated Online ed.). Aberystwyth: National Library of Wales. pp. 195, 371.
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A Welsh
Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend up to about A.D. 1000
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Nothing is known about the foundation of Pengwern, although according to
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border. It is regarded as possibly being the early seat of the kings of
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and Powys; part of it remained in Welsh hands until the reign of
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overran northern Mercia and, a bit later, Cynddylan's palace at
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in the late 12th century, associates it with the site of modern
645:(Buildings of England). New Haven: Yale University Press 2006,
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park, as well as other shops and businesses that use the name.
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Owen Glyndwr and the Last Struggle for Welsh Independence
389:. Part of it consisted of the Anglian sub-kingdom of the
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under Roman rule (capital or administrative centre) was
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Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion
237:, as imagined around the 9th century, are told in the
364:) in 642. It was here that their mutual enemy, king
65:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
26:For the modern settlement with the same name, see
906:
331:Cynddylan apparently joined forces with king
264:A number of places still identifiable in the
763:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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276:in north Wales). A tradition, recorded by
125:Learn how and when to remove this message
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691:North American Journal of Celtic Studies
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760:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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601:"Re-Thinking Thirteenth-Century Powys"
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284:(although that town has been known as
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483:from the original on 6 December 2023
444:from the original on 4 December 2023
63:adding citations to reliable sources
34:
560:Bradley, Arthur (2 December 2021).
288:in Welsh since the Middle Ages).
188:tradition it was part of the Welsh
13:
599:Stephenson, David (January 2015).
502:"Bardic Portraits: Llywarch Hen".
385:of Mercia and the construction of
14:
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837:Wall, Martin (15 February 2023).
632:Newman, John; Nikolaus Pevsner,
463:Wyatt, Louise (15 August 2018).
291:A more recent suggestion is the
218:, which was abandoned. Once the
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843:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
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405:In Shrewsbury there is the
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732:Bartrum, Peter C. (2009).
409:on the banks of the River
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876:The Earliest Welsh Poetry
327:Conflict with Northumbria
703:10.1353/cel.2018.a781219
19:Not to be confused with
874:Clancy, Joseph (1970),
640:4 December 2023 at the
529:Turner, Sharon (1803).
434:Pidgeon, Henry (1851).
164:, adjoining the modern
769:10.1093/ref:odnb/51395
313:Viroconium Cornoviorum
207:Viroconium Cornoviorum
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28:Pengwern, Denbighshire
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664:"Whittington Castle"
510:(8): 287–295. 1820.
370:Oswiu of Northumbria
354:Battle of Maes Cogwy
59:improve this article
278:Giraldus Cambrensis
808:10.1007/BF00999569
539:community.35016324
407:Pengwern Boat Club
321:Whittington Castle
260:Possible locations
180:History and legend
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21:Pengwern Boat Club
935:Sub-Roman Britain
915:Kingdoms of Wales
900:Canu Llywarch Hen
850:978-1-3981-1020-5
792:The Wife's Lament
775:(Subscription or
715:Project MUSE
651:978-0-300-12083-7
573:978-5-04-062326-6
504:The Cambro-Briton
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52:verification
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413:, opposite
401:Later usage
395:Wreocensæte
243:Canu Heledd
115:August 2010
909:Categories
861:6 December
824:1301908461
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674:4 December
635:Shropshire
618:4 December
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566:. Litres.
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421:References
415:The Quarry
282:Shrewsbury
266:Shropshire
248:Hen Ogledd
216:the Wrekin
162:Shropshire
160:county of
85:newspapers
74:"Pengwern"
816:162030100
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391:Magonsæte
301:Baschurch
250:known as
239:Old Welsh
235:Cynddylan
174:Mathrafal
150:Brythonic
855:Archived
820:ProQuest
668:Archived
653:, p. 136
638:Archived
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578:Archived
516:30068942
481:Archived
442:Archived
387:his dyke
358:Oswestry
311:town of
305:Wroxeter
297:hillfort
286:Amwythig
212:Wroxeter
198:Cornovii
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274:Denbigh
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192:in the
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337:Mercia
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612:(PDF)
535:JSTOR
512:JSTOR
333:Penda
309:Roman
293:Berth
224:pagus
210:(now
186:Welsh
170:Powys
166:Welsh
106:JSTOR
92:books
886:ISBN
863:2023
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