Peninsula campaign

1786: 1216:, instead of joining him on the Peninsula as McClellan had planned. In addition to the pressure of Jackson's Valley campaign, President Lincoln believed that McClellan had left insufficient force to guard Washington and that the general had been deceptive in his reporting of unit strengths, counting troops as ready to defend Washington when they were actually deployed elsewhere. McClellan protested that he was being forced to lead a major campaign without his promised resources, but he moved ahead anyway. For the next 10 days, McClellan's men dug while Magruder steadily received reinforcements. By mid April, Magruder commanded 35,000 men, barely enough to defend his line. 1200:

reinforcements marching to relieve him. He also spread his artillery very far apart and had it fire sporadically at the Union lines. Federals were convinced that his works were strongly held, reporting that an army of 100,000 was in their path. As the two armies fought an artillery duel, reconnaissance indicated to Keyes the strength and breadth of the Confederate fortifications, and he advised McClellan against assaulting them. McClellan ordered the construction of siege fortifications and brought his heavy siege guns to the front. In the meantime, Gen. Johnston brought reinforcements for Magruder.

722: 1958: 1620:, McClellan could bring his heavy siege artillery to the outskirts of Richmond. He moved slowly and deliberately, reacting to faulty intelligence that led him to believe the Confederates outnumbered him significantly. By the end of May, the army had built bridges across the Chickahominy and was facing Richmond, straddling the river, with one third of the Army south of the river, two thirds north. (This disposition, which made it difficult for one part of the army to reinforce the other quickly, would prove to be a significant problem in the upcoming 740: 1257:, and attacked the Vermonters, who had occupied the Confederate rifle pits. Unable to obtain reinforcements, the Vermont companies withdrew across the dam, suffering casualties as they retreated. At about 5 p.m., Baldy Smith ordered the 6th Vermont to attack Confederate positions downstream from the dam while the 4th Vermont demonstrated at the dam itself. This maneuver failed as the 6th Vermont came under heavy Confederate fire and were forced to withdraw. Some of the wounded men were drowned as they fell into the shallow pond behind the dam. 1879: 395: 387: 1699: 1153: 1365:

attack before realizing the difficulty of his situation—Hancock's 3,400 infantrymen and eight artillery pieces significantly outnumbered the two attacking Confederate regiments, fewer than 1,200 men with no artillery support. He called off the assault after it had begun, but Hancock ordered a counterattack. After the battle, the counterattack received significant publicity as a major, gallant bayonet charge and McClellan's description of Hancock's "superb" performance gave him the nickname, "Hancock the Superb."

1640: 1811: 552:, with himself as its first commander. During the summer and fall, McClellan brought a high degree of organization to his new army, and greatly improved its morale by his frequent trips to review and encourage his units. It was a remarkable achievement, in which he came to personify the Army of the Potomac and reaped the adulation of his men. He created defenses for Washington that were almost impregnable, consisting of 48 forts and strong points, with 480 guns manned by 7,200 artillerists. 1752:

numbers" and judged that it was "one of the handsomest things of the war." However, the reality of the outcome was that superior (Union) numbers won the day in a disorganized fight, characterized by misjudgments on both sides. The right flank of the Union army remained secure, although technically the Confederates at Peake's Crossing had not intended to threaten it. And McDowell's Corps did not need its roads kept clear because it never arrived—the defeat of Union forces at the

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impending bombardment would be difficult to withstand, so began sending his supply wagons in the direction of Richmond on May 3. Escaped slaves reported that fact to McClellan, who refused to believe them. He was convinced that an army whose strength he estimated as high as 120,000 would stay and fight. On the evening of May 3, the Confederates launched a brief bombardment of their own and then fell silent. Early the next morning, Heintzelman ascended in one of

903: 6388: 55: 921: 1137: 6398: 1487:. Lincoln believed that the city of Norfolk was vulnerable and that control of the James was possible, but McClellan was too busy at the front to meet with the president. Exercising his direct powers as commander in chief, Lincoln ordered naval bombardments of Confederate batteries in the area on May 8 and set off in a small boat with his two Cabinet secretaries to conduct a personal reconnaissance on shore. Troops under the command of Maj. Gen. 583:. McClellan immediately replied with a 22-page letter objecting in detail to the president's plan and advocating instead his Urbanna plan, which was the first written instance of the plan's details being presented to the president. Although Lincoln believed his plan was superior, he was relieved that McClellan finally agreed to begin moving, and reluctantly approved. On March 8, doubting McClellan's resolve, Lincoln called a 1224: 1898:. The total length of the new defensive line was about 30 miles (48 km). To buy time to complete the new defensive line and prepare for an offensive, Lee repeated the tactic of making a small number of troops seem larger than they really were. McClellan was also unnerved by Jeb Stuart's audacious (but otherwise militarily pointless) cavalry ride completely around the Union army (June 13–15). 1801: 1823:

that McDowell's corps had been diverted to the Shenandoah Valley and would not be reinforcing the Army of the Potomac. He decided against attacking across his own natural defense line, the Chickahominy, and planned to capitalize on the Union army's straddle of the river by attacking the two corps south of the river, leaving them isolated from the other three corps north of the river.

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route of march to collide with Hill's, which not only delayed the advance, but limited the attack to a narrow front with only a fraction of its total force. Exacerbating the problems on both sides was a severe thunderstorm on the night of May 30, which flooded the river, destroyed most of the Union bridges, and turned the roads into morasses of mud.

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with three brigades of Whiting's division and encountered stiff resistance near Fair Oaks Station, the right flank of Keyes's line. Soon heavy Union reinforcements arrived. Brig. Gen. Edwin V. Sumner, II Corps commander, heard the sounds of battle from his position north of the river. On his own initiative, he dispatched a division under Brig. Gen.

1767:, was the effect on McClellan's preparedness for the next major battle, at Seven Pines and Fair Oaks four days later. During the absence of Porter, McClellan was reluctant to move more of his troops south of the Chickahominy, making his left flank a more attractive target for Johnston. He was also confined to bed, ill with a flare-up of his chronic 1597:, a natural barrier in the spring when it turned the broad plains to the east of Richmond into swamps. Johnston's men burned most of the bridges over the Chickahominy and settled into strong defensive positions north and east of the city. McClellan positioned his 105,000-man army to focus on the northeast sector, for two reasons. First, the 1601:, which ran roughly parallel to the Chickahominy, offered a line of communication that could enable McClellan to get around Johnston's left flank. Second, McClellan anticipated the arrival of McDowell's I Corps, scheduled to march south from Fredericksburg to reinforce his army, and thus needed to protect their avenue of approach. 1827:

forces north of the river, while Longstreet, commanding the main attack south of the river, was to converge on Keyes from three directions. The plan had an excellent potential for initial success because the division of the IV Corps farthest forward, manning the earthworks a mile west of Seven Pines, was that of Brig. Gen.

1525:, including an 8-inch (200 mm) smoothbore, were just upriver and sharpshooters gathered on the river banks. An underwater obstruction of sunken steamers, pilings, debris, and other vessels connected by chains was placed just below the bluff, making it difficult for vessels to maneuver in the narrow river. 1323:, marching north on the Yorktown Road, to hear the sound of battle and come in on Hooker's right in support. However, Smith had been halted by Sumner more than a mile away from Hooker's position. He had been concerned that the Confederates would leave their fortifications and attack him on the Yorktown Road. 1695:. If this were true, it would threaten the army's right flank and complicate the arrival of McDowell's reinforcements. A Union cavalry reconnaissance adjusted the estimate of the enemy strength to be 6,000, but it was still cause for concern. McClellan ordered Porter and his V Corps to deal with the threat. 1859:

On June 1, the Confederates under Smith renewed their assaults against the Federals, who had brought up more reinforcements and fought from strong positions, but made little headway. The fighting ended about 11:30 a.m. when the Confederates withdrew. McClellan arrived on the battlefield from his

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The attack got off to a bad start on May 31 when Longstreet marched down the Charles City Road and turned onto the Williamsburg Road instead of the Nine Mile Road. Huger's orders had not specified a time that the attack was scheduled to start and he was not awakened until he heard a division marching

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Although McClellan doubted his numeric superiority over the enemy, he had no doubts about the superiority of his artillery. The siege preparations at Yorktown consisted of 15 batteries with more than 70 heavy guns. When fired in unison, these batteries would deliver over 7,000 pounds of ordnance onto

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On March 11, 1862, Lincoln removed McClellan as general-in-chief, leaving him in command of only the Army of the Potomac, ostensibly so that McClellan would be free to devote all his attention to the move on Richmond. Although McClellan was assuaged by supportive comments Lincoln made to him, in time

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over the sole remaining bridge. The treacherous "Grapevine Bridge" was near collapse on the swollen river, but the weight of the crossing troops helped to hold it steady against the rushing water. After the last man had crossed safely, the bridge collapsed and was swept away. Sedgwick's men provided

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The complex plan was mismanaged from the start. Johnston issued orders that were vague and contradictory and failed to inform all of his subordinates about the chain of command. On Longstreet's part, he either misunderstood his orders or chose to modify them without informing Johnston, changing his

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If executed correctly, Johnston would engage two thirds of his army (22 of its 29 infantry brigades, about 51,000 men) against the 33,000 men in the III and IV Corps. The Confederate attack plan was complex, calling for the divisions of A.P. Hill and Magruder to engage lightly and distract the Union

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Johnston knew that he could not survive a massive siege of Richmond and decided to attack McClellan. His original plan was to attack the Union right flank, north of the Chickahominy River, before McDowell's corps, marching south from Fredericksburg, could arrive. However, on May 27, Johnston learned

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Porter's men approached Peake's Crossing in a driving rain. At about noon on May 27, his lead element skirmished briskly with the Confederates until Porter's main body arrived, driving the outnumbered Confederates up the road in the direction of the courthouse. Porter set out in pursuit with most of

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The massive fort on Drewry's Bluff had blunted the Union advance just 7 miles (11 km) short of the Confederate capital. Rodgers reported to McClellan that it was feasible for the Navy to land troops as close as 10 miles (16 km) from Richmond, but the Union Army never took advantage of this

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After McClellan ordered Franklin's division to turn Johnston's army with an amphibious operation on the York River, it took two days just to board the men and equipment onto the ships, so Franklin was of no assistance to the Williamsburg action. But McClellan had high hopes for his turning movement,

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at the White House in which McClellan's subordinates were asked about their confidence in the Urbanna plan. They expressed their confidence to varying degrees. After the meeting, Lincoln issued another order, naming specific officers as corps commanders to report to McClellan (who had been reluctant

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Hill, now strengthened by reinforcements from Longstreet, hit the secondary Union line near Seven Pines around 4:40 p.m. Hill organized a flanking maneuver to attack Keyes's right flank, which collapsed the Federal line back to the Williamsburg Road. Johnston went forward on the Nine Mile Road

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nearby. Johnston and his second-in-command, Smith, unaware of Longstreet's location or Huger's delay, waited at their headquarters for word of the start of the battle. Five hours after the scheduled start, at 1 p.m., D.H. Hill became impatient and sent his brigades forward against Casey's division.

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or Fair Oaks. The battle was inconclusive, with heavy casualties, but it had lasting effects on the campaign. Johnston was wounded by a Union artillery shell fragment on May 31 and replaced the next day by the more aggressive Robert E. Lee, who reorganized his army and prepared for offensive action

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Both sides claimed victory with roughly equal casualties—Union casualties were 5,031 (790 killed, 3,594 wounded, 647 captured or missing), Confederate 6,134 (980 killed, 4,749 wounded, 405 captured or missing). McClellan's advance on Richmond was halted and the Army of Northern Virginia fell

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As a second brigade followed Hood on his left, the Union troops retreated from the woods to the plain before the landing, seeking cover from the fire of Federal gunboats. Whiting employed artillery fire against the gunboats, but his guns had insufficient range, so he disengaged around 2 p.m. Union

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Franklin's men came ashore in light pontoon boats and built a floating wharf to unload artillery and supplies. The work was continued by torchlight through the night and the only enemy resistance was a few random shots fired by Confederate pickets on the bluff above the landing, ending at about 10

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Hancock had been ordered repeatedly by Sumner to withdraw his command back to Cub Creek, but he used the Confederate attack as an excuse to hold his ground. As the 24th Virginia charged, D. H. Hill emerged from the woods leading one of Early's other regiments, the 5th North Carolina. He ordered an

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made initial contact with Confederate defensive works at Lee's Mill, an area McClellan expected to move through without resistance. Magruder, a fan of theatrics, set up a successful deception campaign. By moving one company in circles through a glen, he gained the appearance of an endless line of

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For the remainder of April, the Confederates, now at 57,000 and under the direct command of Johnston, improved their defenses while McClellan undertook the laborious process of transporting and placing massive siege artillery batteries, which he planned to deploy on May 5. Johnston knew that the

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The estimates of Union casualties at Hanover Court House vary, from 355 (62 killed, 233 wounded, 70 captured) to 397. The Confederates left 200 dead on the field and 730 were captured by Porter's cavalry. McClellan claimed that Hanover Court House was yet another "glorious victory over superior

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Branch also made a poor assumption—that Porter's force was significantly smaller than it turned out to be—and attacked. The initial assault was repulsed, but Martindale's force was eventually almost destroyed by the heavy fire. Porter quickly dispatched the two regiments back to the

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At dusk, Johnston was wounded and evacuated to Richmond. G.W. Smith assumed temporary command of the army. Smith, plagued with ill health, was indecisive about the next steps for the battle and made a bad impression on President Davis and General Lee, Davis's military adviser. After the end of

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Casey's line buckled with some men retreating, but fought fiercely for possession of their earthworks, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides. The Confederates only engaged four brigades of the thirteen on their right flank that day, so they did not hit with the power that they could have

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on Drewry's Bluff, overlooking a sharp bend on the river 7 miles (11 km) down river from the city. The Confederate defenders, including marines, sailors, and soldiers, were supervised by Cammander Ebenezer Farrand of the navy and by Captain Augustus H. Drewry of the army, the owner of the

1334:'s 3rd Division of the III Corps at about 2:30 p.m. Kearny ostentatiously rode his horse out in front of his picket lines to reconnoiter and urged his men forward by flashing his saber with his only arm. The Confederates were pushed off the Lee's Mill Road and back into the woods and the 1368:

Confederate casualties at Williamsburg were 1,682, Union 2,283. McClellan miscategorized his first significant battle as a "brilliant victory" over superior forces. However, the defense of Williamsburg was seen by the South as a means of delaying the Federals, which allowed the bulk of the

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Despite claiming victory at Seven Pines, McClellan was shaken by the experience. He redeployed all of his army except for the V Corps south of the river, and although he continued to plan for a siege and the capture of Richmond, he lost the strategic initiative and never regained it.

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McClellan chose not to attack without more reconnaissance and ordered his army to entrench in works parallel to Magruder's and besiege Yorktown. McClellan reacted to Keyes's report, as well as to reports of enemy strength near the town of Yorktown, but he also received word that the

1357:. Splitting his command, Early led two of his four regiments through the woods without performing adequate reconnaissance and found that they emerged not on the enemy's flank, but directly in front of Hancock's guns, which occupied two abandoned redoubts. He personally led the 1843:

concentrated on this weak point in the Union line. Casey sent for reinforcements but Keyes was slow in responding. Eventually the mass of Confederates broke through, seized a Union redoubt, and Casey's men retreated to the second line of defensive works at Seven Pines.

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troops moved back into the woods after the Confederates left, but made no further attempt to advance. Although the action was tactically inconclusive, Franklin missed an opportunity to intercept the Confederate retreat from Williamsburg, allowing it to pass unmolested.

664:, the famous first duel of the ironclads. The battle, although inconclusive, received worldwide publicity. After the battle, it was clear that ironclad ships were the future of naval warfare. Neither ship severely damaged the other; the only net result was keeping 1179:

on March 17. It was an armada that dwarfed all previous American expeditions, transporting 121,500 men, 44 artillery batteries, 1,150 wagons, over 15,000 horses, and tons of equipment and supplies. An English observer remarked that it was the "stride of a giant."

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his force, leaving three regiments to guard the New Bridge and Hanover Court House Roads intersection. This movement exposed the rear of Porter's command to attack by the bulk of Branch's force, which Porter had mistakenly assumed was at Hanover Court House.

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back into the Richmond defensive works. The battle was frequently remembered by the Union soldiers as the Battle of Fair Oaks Station because that is where they did their best fighting, whereas the Confederates, for the same reason, called it Seven Pines.

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still in operation, the U.S. Navy could not assure McClellan that they could protect operations on either the James or the York, so his plan of amphibiously enveloping Yorktown was abandoned, and he ordered an advance up the Peninsula to begin April 4.

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was the lead infantry in the Union Army advance. They assaulted Fort Magruder and a line of rifle pits and smaller fortifications that extended in an arc southwest from the fort, but were repulsed. Confederate counterattacks, directed by Maj. Gen.

1345:'s 1st Brigade of Baldy Smith's division, which had marched a few miles to the Federal right and crossed Cub's Creek at the point where it was dammed to form the Jones's Mill pond, began bombarding Longstreet's left flank around noon. Maj. Gen. 1112:

consisted of redoubts, rifle pits, and fortifications behind the Warwick River. By enlarging two dams on the river, the river was turned into a significant military obstacle in its own right. The third defensive line was a series of forts at

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retired and McClellan became general in chief of all the Union armies. The president expressed his concern about the "vast labor" involved in the dual role of army commander and general in chief, but McClellan responded, "I can do it all."

1238:, with six other regiments nearby, were improving their position on the west bank of the river overlooking the dam. McClellan became concerned that this strengthening might impede his installation of siege batteries. He ordered Brig. Gen. 571:, outflanking the Confederate forces near Washington, and proceeding 50 miles (80 km) overland to capture Richmond. On January 27, Lincoln issued an order that required all of his armies to begin offensive operations by February 22, 1303:, straddling the Williamsburg Road (from Yorktown), constructed earlier by Magruder. The Battle of Williamsburg was the first pitched battle of the Peninsula campaign, in which nearly 41,000 Union and 32,000 Confederates were engaged. 608:

to Richmond. However, McClellan came under extreme criticism from the press and the Congress when it was found that Johnston's forces had not only slipped away unnoticed, but had for months fooled the Union Army through the use of

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was outnumbered two to one. Numerous skirmishes between the lines of the armies occurred from May 23 to May 26. Tensions were high in the city, particularly following the earlier sounds of the naval gun battle at Drewry's Bluff.

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On April 16, Union forces probed a point in the Confederate line at Dam No. 1, on the Warwick River near Lee's Mill. Magruder realized the weakness of his position and ordered it strengthened. Three regiments under Brig. Gen.

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withdrew from their positions before Washington on March 9, assuming new positions south of the Rappahannock, which completely nullified the Urbanna strategy. McClellan retooled his plan so that his troops would disembark at

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closed to within 600 yards (550 m) of the fort and anchored, but before she could open fire, two Confederate rounds pierced the lightly armored vessel. The battle lasted over three hours and during that time,

499:. Just before the siege preparations had been completed, the Confederates, now under the direct command of Johnston, began a withdrawal toward Richmond. The first heavy fighting of the campaign occurred during the 1319:, threatened to overwhelm Hooker's division, which had contested the ground alone since the early morning while waiting for the main body of the army to arrive. Hooker had expected Baldy Smith's division of the 766:

had approximately 50,000 men at Fort Monroe when McClellan arrived in late March, but this number grew to 121,500 before hostilities began. The army was organized into three corps and other units, as follows:

1736:, taking up position at Peake's Crossing, 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of the courthouse, near Slash Church. Another Confederate brigade was stationed 10 miles (16 km) north at Hanover Junction. 1593:

Johnston withdrew his 60,000 men into the Richmond defenses. Their defensive line began at the James River at Drewry's Bluff and extended counterclockwise so that his center and left were behind the

2037: 1097:. Jackson's expert maneuvering and tactical success in small battles kept the Union men from reinforcing McClellan, much to his dismay. He had planned to have 30,000 under McDowell to join him. 523:

in the final battles of June 25 to July 1, which are popularly known as the Seven Days Battles. The result was that the Union army was unable to enter Richmond, and both armies remained intact.

1915:" on his western flank unnerved McClellan, who pulled his forces back to a base on the James River. Lincoln later ordered the army to return to the Washington, D.C., area to support Maj. Gen. 1055:

However, at the time the Army of the Potomac arrived, only Magruder's 11,000 men faced them on the Peninsula. The bulk of Johnston's force (43,000 men) were at Culpeper, 6,000 under Maj. Gen.

6427: 6432: 1831:, 6,000 men who were the least experienced in Keyes's corps. If Keyes could be defeated, the III Corps, to the east, could then be pinned against the Chickahominy and overwhelmed. 6046: 6365: 6192: 3907: 1299:'s cavalry, Johnston's rearguard. To give time for the bulk of his army to get free, Johnston detached part of his force to make a stand at a large earthen fortification, 588:

to do so prior to assessing his division commanders' effectiveness in combat, even though this would have meant his direct supervision of twelve divisions in the field).

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While skirmishing occurred all along the line between the armies, McClellan heard a rumor that a Confederate force of 17,000 was moving to Hanover Court House, north of

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Magruder had prepared three defensive lines across the Peninsula. The first, about 12 miles (19 km) north of Fort Monroe, contained infantry outposts and artillery

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at Norfolk. In Richmond, General Robert E. Lee had returned from work on coastal fortifications in the Carolinas and on March 13 became the chief military adviser to

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had no home port and he could not navigate her deep draft through the shallow stretches of the James River toward Richmond, so she was scuttled on May 11 off

1104:, but was insufficiently manned to prevent any Union advance. Its primary purpose was to shield information from the Union about a second line extending from 6437: 5335: 6096: 5985: 5970: 3814: 5762: 5682: 4210: 3944: 5790: 1991: 1981: 857:; Wool was quickly transferred to another department for duty in Baltimore after the War Department realized that he technically outranked McClellan. 1660:

On May 18, McClellan reorganized the Army of the Potomac in the field and promoted two major generals to corps command: Fitz John Porter to the new

1408:. The landing was close to a key intersection on the road to New Kent Court House that was being used by Johnston's army on the afternoon of May 6. 4205: 1901:

The second phase of the Peninsula campaign took a negative turn for the Union when Lee launched fierce counterattacks just east of Richmond in the

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he saw the change of command very differently, describing it as a part of an intrigue "to secure the failure of the approaching campaign."

268: 3441: 6255: 5785: 4834: 4593: 1668:. The army had 105,000 men in position northeast of the city, outnumbering Johnston's 60,000, but faulty intelligence from the detective 1517:

property that bore his name. The eight cannons in the fort, including field artillery pieces and five naval guns, some salvaged from the

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Kinney Farm. The Confederate line broke under the weight of thousands of new troops and they retreated back through Peake's Crossing to

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on the last day was a significant Confederate defeat), the tenacity of Lee's attacks and the sudden appearance of Stonewall Jackson's "

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Lee used the month-long pause in McClellan's advance to fortify the defenses of Richmond and extend them south to the James River at

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in which the Union troops managed some tactical victories, but the Confederates continued their withdrawal. An amphibious flanking

6319: 6294: 6010: 5707: 5603: 5455: 4788: 4668: 3879: 3726: 1907:(June 25 – July 1, 1862). Although none of these battles were significant Confederate tactical victories (and the 1536: 1477: 261: 4678: 1435:'s brigade in the woods on either side of the landing road, supported in the rear by portions of two more brigades (Brig. Gens. 6260: 6005: 4748: 4743: 4418: 1976: 721: 4588: 1604:

The Army of the Potomac pushed slowly up the Pamunkey, establishing supply bases at Eltham's Landing, Cumberland Landing, and

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Longstreet's men did leave their fortifications, but they attacked Hooker, not Smith or Sumner. The brigade of Brig. Gen.

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remained almost stationary and took 45 hits. Her crew reported casualties of 14 dead or mortally wounded and 10 injured.

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By May 5, Johnston's army was making slow progress on muddy roads and Stoneman's cavalry was skirmishing with Brig. Gen.

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crossed the dam and routed the remaining defenders. Behind the lines, Cobb organized a defense with his brother, Colonel

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on March 8, calling into question the viability of any of the wooden ships in the world. The following day, the

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caught McClellan by surprise. His hopes for a quick advance foiled, McClellan ordered his army to prepare for a

6329: 5648: 5412: 4768: 4733: 4638: 4344: 3874: 1724:, altogether about 12,000 men. The Confederate force, which actually numbered about 4,000 men, was led by Col. 1470: 1785: 5687: 5608: 5425: 4891: 4349: 4157: 1686: 1378: 982: 515: 504: 446: 427: 357: 320: 310: 156: 134: 30:

This article is about the American Civil War military campaign. For the campaign of the Napoleonic Wars, see

947:(newly named as of March 14) was organized into three wings, each composed of several brigades, as follows: 5960: 5702: 5492: 5467: 5179: 4254: 3959: 3899: 1928: 1916: 1469:

President Lincoln witnessed part of the campaign, having arrived at Fort Monroe on May 6 in the company of

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applied strong pressure to Hooker's line. Hooker's retreating men were aided by the arrival of Brig. Gen.

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fighting the following day, Davis replaced Smith with Lee as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.

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defeated wooden U.S. Navy ships blockading the harbor of Hampton Roads, Virginia, including the frigates

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exploded. The two wooden gunboats remained safely out of range of the big guns, but the captain of the

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On January 12, 1862, McClellan revealed his intentions to transport the Army of the Potomac by ship to

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was also a frequent target, but her heavier armor withstood the blows. Contrary to some reports, the

1495: 943: 920: 902: 362: 347: 202: 1491:, the elderly commander of Fort Monroe, occupied Norfolk on May 10, encountering little resistance. 6277: 6161: 6086: 6061: 6056: 6020: 5940: 5638: 5623: 5204: 4488: 4453: 4388: 4329: 4324: 4054: 1996: 1932: 1692: 1506: 1250: 1242:, a division commander in the IV Corps, to "hamper the enemy" in completing their defensive works. 1227: 1131: 1064: 1060: 572: 496: 300: 1539:

steamed up the James River from Fort Monroe to test the Richmond defenses. At 7:45 a.m., the

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in the Shenandoah Valley caused the Lincoln administration to recall McDowell to Fredericksburg.

960: 632: 485: 438: 295: 71: 3648:

The Peninsula campaign in Virginia, or, Incidents and scenes on the battlefields and in Richmond

1276:'s division to reboard Navy transports, sail up the York River, and cut off Johnston's retreat. 6250: 5950: 5524: 5114: 4951: 4926: 4458: 4359: 4274: 4014: 3923: 1908: 1815: 1729: 1416: 1358: 1311: 1290: 1114: 1043: 804: 788: 500: 372: 305: 177: 6166: 6066: 5880: 5529: 5482: 5392: 5360: 5067: 5057: 4503: 4493: 4478: 4428: 4383: 4039: 4024: 3917: 3498: 1804: 1780: 1665: 1621: 1571: 1420: 1396:) by river after Franklin's. Their destination was Eltham's Landing on the south bank of the 1320: 1192: 1157: 809: 792: 771: 730: 640: 597: 580: 519: 325: 1349:, commanding Longstreet's reserve force, had previously detached a brigade under Brig. Gen. 1338:

of their defensive positions. There, sharp firefights occurred until late in the afternoon.

616:

A further complication for the campaign planning was the emergence of the first Confederate

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Porter departed on his mission at 4 a.m. on May 27 with his 1st Division, under Brig. Gen.

1661: 1578: 1401: 1393: 1246: 1239: 1205: 1176: 1056: 831: 821: 779: 454: 1894:. On the south side of the James River, defensive lines were built south to a point below 1509:

to prevent her capture. This opened the James River at Hampton Roads to Federal gunboats.

8: 6309: 6101: 5990: 5864: 5509: 5462: 5209: 5169: 5154: 5047: 4896: 4568: 4528: 4403: 4364: 4334: 4289: 4249: 3849: 3839: 1648: 1605: 1498: 1424: 1342: 1273: 1262: 835: 762: 647: 549: 430: 337: 197: 168: 59: 6155: 6025: 5551: 5536: 5417: 5375: 5347: 5184: 5149: 4996: 4956: 4473: 4443: 4433: 4309: 4304: 4284: 4279: 4009: 3912: 3829: 3777: 3464: 1903: 1891: 1873: 1594: 1145: 1105: 1082: 1036: 994: 605: 592: 576: 568: 543: 481: 470: 462: 450: 411: 367: 331: 173: 63: 46: 5129: 511:, an attempt by the US Navy to reach Richmond by way of the James River was repulsed. 457:

had obtained documents describing McClellan's battle plans from a double agent in the

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Richmond Shall Not Be Given Up: The Seven Days' Battles, June 25–July 1, 1862

3533: 1764: 1721: 1709: 1473: 1428: 1385: 1327: 1316: 1254: 1213: 1196: 1081:

played an indirect role in the campaign. Approximately 50,000 men under Maj. Gens.

1032: 1008: 1004: 990: 974: 929: 911: 813: 796: 748: 617: 488: 434: 185: 1419:

to protect the road to Barhamsville and Smith assigned the division of Brig. Gen.

1156:

Movements and battles in the 1862 Peninsula Campaign, up through the start of the

1117:, which waited unmanned for use by the army if it had to fall back from Yorktown. 6339: 5628: 5477: 5370: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5230: 5199: 5109: 5052: 5042: 5001: 4029: 3999: 3819: 3741: 3568: 3396: 1669: 1480: 1436: 1269: 1141: 1094: 1071: 1049: 956: 848: 817: 775: 712: 591:

Before McClellan could implement his plans, the Confederate forces under General

3472:. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. 5407: 5355: 5194: 5159: 5119: 5011: 4991: 4986: 4941: 4220: 4061: 4049: 3440:. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the 1598: 1560: 1444: 1397: 1350: 1209: 1086: 998: 964: 627:, which threw Washington into a panic and made naval support operations on the 584: 556: 458: 31: 3731: 1810: 1265:'s observation balloons and found that the Confederate earthworks were empty. 6416: 5675: 5275: 5270: 5260: 5235: 5144: 5139: 4981: 4976: 4961: 4931: 4901: 4239: 3864: 1927:. The Virginia Peninsula was relatively quiet until May 1864, when Maj. Gen. 1848: 1613: 1567: 1448: 1440: 1389: 1331: 1307: 1300: 1296: 800: 783: 466: 181: 151: 114: 101: 3706:

Sword Over Richmond: An Eyewitness History of McClellan's Peninsula Campaign

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Army of the Potomac: Birth of Command, November 1860 – September 1861

1912: 1713: 1513: 1488: 1109: 854: 842: 621: 492: 1577:

was wounded by a sharpshooter. Around 11 a.m. the Union ships withdrew to

461:, McClellan was initially successful against the equally cautious General 4916: 3954: 3934: 1828: 1432: 1235: 1024: 825: 654: 628: 477: 3505:

McClellan's War: The Failure of Moderation in the Struggle for the Union

3437: 27:

1862 Union offensive in southeast Virginia during the American Civil War

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Army of the Potomac: McClellan's First Campaign, March – May 1862

1860:

sick bed at about this time, but the Union Army did not counterattack.

1346: 978: 952: 893: 610: 67: 54: 3595:. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2017. 1521:, commanded the river for miles in both directions. Guns from the CSS 1361:

on a futile assault and was wounded by a bullet through the shoulder.

1136: 1125: 514:

As McClellan's army reached the outskirts of Richmond, a minor battle

5563: 3746: 1720:, and a composite brigade of cavalry and artillery led by Brig. Gen. 1533: 253: 3736: 1512:

The only obstacle that protected Richmond from a river approach was

1268:

McClellan was stunned by the news. He sent cavalry under Brig. Gen.

5568: 601: 507:

was ineffective in cutting off the Confederate retreat. During the

419: 3610:

Major-General McClellan and the campaign on the Yorktown Peninsula

3622:

The Richmond Campaign of 1862: The Peninsula & the Seven Days

2049:

Newton, Joseph E. Johnston and the Defence of Richmond, Appedix 2

1768: 1101: 398:

Peninsula campaign, map of Southeastern Virginia (additional map)

2756: 2754: 2752: 422:

from March to July 1862, the first large-scale offensive in the

6366:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

1335: 1223: 1800: 518:, but it was followed by a surprise attack by Johnston at the 3624:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. 2749: 2079:

Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, various pages

1369:

Confederate army to continue its withdrawal toward Richmond.

548:

On August 20, 1861, Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan formed the

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The Artillery Service in the War of the Rebellion, 1861–1865

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Campaigns of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War

1763:

A greater impact than the actual casualties, according to

1404:, a port on the York River, which was the terminus of the 6433:

Military operations of the American Civil War in Virginia

1494:

After the Confederate garrison at Norfolk was evacuated,

3737:

National Park Service Richmond National Battlefield Park

1672:

on McClellan's staff caused the general to believe that

1443:). Newton's skirmish line was pushed back as Brig. Gen. 1140:

Federal Battery # 4 with 13-inch (330 mm) seacoast

853:

The garrison of Fort Monroe, 12,000 men under Maj. Gen.

3336:

Bailey, Ronald H., and the Editors of Time-Life Books.

1384:

planning to send other divisions (those of Brig. Gens.

3400:

The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War

3687:

The Union Army, 1861–1865 Organization and Operations

95:

Virginia Peninsula, between the York and James Rivers

3338:

Forward to Richmond: McClellan's Peninsular Campaign

2490: 2488: 1953: 1431:, to the task. On May 7, Franklin posted Brig. Gen. 3693:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1989. 3507:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2005. 3383:

The Peninsula & Seven Days: A Battlefield Guide

2511: 2509: 1616:, became McClellan's base of operations. Using the 1372: 1126:

Movement to the Peninsula and the siege of Yorktown

660:ironclad arrived at the scene and engaged with the 465:, but the emergence of the more aggressive General 2837: 2835: 3520:The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide 3417:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. 3185: 3183: 2485: 2222: 2220: 1992:Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1862 1982:List of costliest American Civil War land battles 6414: 6052:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 3552:To the Gates of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign 2975: 2973: 2963: 2961: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2772: 2770: 2563: 2561: 2506: 2478: 2476: 1089:were engaged chasing a much smaller force under 390:Peninsula campaign, map of Southeastern Virginia 3708:. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1986. 3385:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007. 2832: 5876:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 3453:. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 3180: 2217: 1588: 3762: 2970: 2958: 2861: 2767: 2558: 2473: 1882:Seven Days Battles: map of events (left side) 1774: 1703:Engagement Near Hanover Court-House, Virginia 1458: 269: 6438:Richmond, Virginia in the American Civil War 3522:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. 2075: 2073: 1483:on the Treasury Department's revenue cutter 3674:. Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, 2011. 3570:The Peninsula: McClellan's Campaign of 1862 2667: 2665: 2663: 2058:Harsh, Confederate Tide Rising, Appendix 2C 1528:On May 15, a detachment of the U.S. Navy's 3769: 3755: 3727:Animated history of the Peninsula Campaign 3659:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, 1992. 2640: 2638: 276: 262: 3499:National Park Service battle descriptions 3340:. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1983. 2070: 1867: 841:Reserve infantry commanded by Brig. Gen. 538:Eastern Theater of the American Civil War 3965:Treatment of slaves in the United States 3469:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era 3432:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. 3402:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 2660: 1877: 1818:at the Battle of Fair Oaks, June 1, 1862 1809: 1799: 1784: 1697: 1222: 1151: 1135: 453:. Despite the fact that Confederate spy 393: 385: 5708:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 3880:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 3537:George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon 2635: 1852:the key to resisting Whiting's attack. 1212:, would be withheld for the defense of 14: 6415: 5693:Modern display of the Confederate flag 3776: 3657:The Peninsula Campaign March–July 1862 3554:. New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1992. 3413:Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. 2036:Official Records, Series I, Volume V, 1977:Bibliography of the American Civil War 1796:: 1862 watercolor by William McIlvaine 1680: 1353:and posted them on the grounds of the 1220:the enemy positions with each volley. 668:from attacking any more wooden ships. 283: 5911: 5300: 4864: 4087: 3890:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 3788: 3750: 1451:advanced, with Hampton to his right. 1042:Reserve force commanded by Maj. Gen. 816:commanding: divisions of Brig. Gens. 795:commanding: divisions of Brig. Gens. 778:commanding: divisions of Brig. Gens. 531: 257: 3573:. Secaucus, NJ: Castle Books, 2002. 1175:McClellan's army began to sail from 1120: 977:commanding: brigades of Brig. Gens. 941:On the Confederate side, Johnston's 6047:Committee on the Conduct of the War 5723:United Daughters of the Confederacy 1945:Seven Days Battles § Aftermath 1007:commanding: division of Brig. Gen. 955:commanding: brigades of Brig. Gen. 418:operation launched in southeastern 24: 6117:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 5912: 5456:impeachment managers investigation 3835:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 3585: 1987:Richmond National Battlefield Park 1530:North Atlantic Blockading Squadron 1272:in pursuit and ordered Brig. Gen. 1144:, Model 1861, during the siege of 675: 25: 6449: 5542:Reconstruction military districts 3990:Abolitionism in the United States 3945:Plantations in the American South 3860:Origins of the American Civil War 3720: 3651:. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott. 3641:, U.S. Army Transportation Corps. 3539:. New York: Da Capo Press, 1988. 3430:West Point Atlas of American Wars 3355:. New York: Da Capo Press, 2002. 2785:Richmond Battlefield Park signage 1608:. White House, the plantation of 1245:At 3 p.m., four companies of the 473:into a humiliating Union defeat. 6396: 6387: 6386: 5525:Enforcement Act of February 1871 5498:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 3370:. New York: Savas Beatie, 2007. 3314: 3301: 3288: 3275: 3262: 3253: 3240: 3227: 3214: 3205: 3192: 3171: 1972:Armies in the American Civil War 1956: 1712:, the 3rd Brigade of Brig. Gen. 1638: 1618:Richmond and York River Railroad 1406:Richmond and York River Railroad 1373:Eltham's Landing (or West Point) 1048:Cavalry commanded by Brig. Gen. 919: 901: 883: 847:Cavalry commanded by Brig. Gen. 738: 720: 702: 74:armies in the Peninsula campaign 53: 6310:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 6172:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 5733:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 3607:Edge, Frederick Milnes (1895). 3450:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 3158: 3149: 3136: 3123: 3110: 3101: 3092: 3083: 3074: 3061: 3052: 3043: 3030: 3021: 3008: 2999: 2986: 2945: 2936: 2923: 2910: 2897: 2888: 2875: 2848: 2823: 2814: 2801: 2788: 2779: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2696: 2683: 2674: 2651: 2622: 2609: 2596: 2583: 2570: 2545: 2536: 2527: 2518: 2497: 2460: 2451: 2442: 2433: 2424: 2411: 2398: 2389: 2376: 2363: 2350: 2337: 2328: 2311: 2294: 2277: 2264: 2251: 2242: 2229: 2204: 2191: 2182: 2173: 2160: 2147: 2134: 2125: 2112: 1664:and William B. Franklin to the 1629: 1284: 874: 693: 516:occurred at Hanover Court House 66:, respective commanders of the 5413:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 3732:Stuart's Ride around McClellan 3638:White House Landing Staff Ride 3485:The Battles for Richmond, 1862 2099: 2082: 2061: 2052: 2043: 2026: 2017: 2008: 1626: 1566:withdrew when her 100-pounder 871: 861: 690: 426:. The operation, commanded by 353:Garnett's & Golding's Farm 13: 1: 5828:Ladies' Memorial Associations 5530:Enforcement Act of April 1871 5426:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 5301: 3330: 1931:again invaded as part of the 1687:Battle of Hanover Court House 1355:College of William & Mary 1027:) and division of Brig. Gen. 526: 491:'s defensive position on the 476:McClellan landed his army at 157:Confederate States of America 5961:Confederate revolving cannon 5703:Sons of Confederate Veterans 5574:South Carolina riots of 1876 5552:Indian Council at Fort Smith 5503:South Carolina riots of 1876 5468:Knights of the White Camelia 3960:Slavery in the United States 3742:Map of NPS battlefield sites 3645:Marks, James Junius (1864). 2287:, pp. 214–215; Sears, 1938: 1716:'s 2nd Division, under Col. 1063:, and 9,000 under Maj. Gen. 875:Confederate wing commanders 505:movement to Eltham's Landing 480:and moved northwest, up the 7: 6315:New York City riots of 1863 6140:Battle Hymn of the Republic 5891:United Confederate Veterans 5728:Children of the Confederacy 5718:United Confederate Veterans 5713:Southern Historical Society 4865: 4345:Price's Missouri Expedition 3815:Timeline leading to the War 3789: 3613:. London: Trübner & Co. 2430:Burton, pp. 14–15, 20 1949: 1630:New Union corps commanders 1589:Armies converge on Richmond 1415:Johnston ordered Maj. Gen. 868:Confederate order of battle 10: 6454: 6283:Confederate Secret Service 5871:Grand Army of the Republic 5763:Grand Army of the Republic 5581:Southern Claims Commission 3644: 2384:McClellan's First Campaign 2259:McClellan's First Campaign 2212:McClellan's First Campaign 2199:McClellan's First Campaign 2155:McClellan's First Campaign 1942: 1921:northern Virginia campaign 1871: 1778: 1775:Seven Pines (or Fair Oaks) 1754:First Battle of Winchester 1684: 1462: 1459:Norfolk and Drewry's Bluff 1379:Battle of Eltham's Landing 1376: 1288: 1279: 1129: 865: 684: 555:On November 1, 1861, Gen. 541: 535: 445:, intended to capture the 29: 6382: 6358: 6271:Confederate States dollar 6243: 6185: 6130: 6082:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 6077:Emancipation Proclamation 6039: 5971:Medal of Honor recipients 5928: 5924: 5907: 5859:Confederate Memorial Hall 5841: 5820: 5778: 5750: 5741: 5661:Confederate Memorial Hall 5634:Confederate History Month 5614:Civil War Discovery Trail 5594: 5515:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 5346: 5321:Reconstruction Amendments 5311: 5307: 5296: 5218: 5087: 5080: 5020: 4884: 4877: 4873: 4860: 4802: 4549: 4542: 4373: 4229: 4188: 4156: 4123: 4116: 4112: 4083: 3980: 3930:Emancipation Proclamation 3898: 3799: 3795: 3784: 3606: 3447:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. 2334:Esposito, text to map 39. 1964:American Civil War portal 1925:Second Battle of Bull Run 1734:Virginia Central Railroad 1728:. They had departed from 1478:Secretary of the Treasury 1108:to Mulberry Island. This 1031:(brigades of Brig. Gens. 1011:(brigades of Brig. Gens. 944:Army of Northern Virginia 635:(March 8–9, 1862), 631:seem problematic. In the 291: 239: 208: 203:Army of Northern Virginia 191: 162: 145: 78: 52: 44: 39: 6345:U.S. Sanitary Commission 6256:Battlefield preservation 6162:Marching Through Georgia 6087:Hampton Roads Conference 6062:Confiscation Act of 1862 6057:Confiscation Act of 1861 5833:U.S. national cemeteries 5639:Confederate Memorial Day 5624:Civil War Trails Program 5493:New Orleans riot of 1866 3089:Downs, pp. 675–676 2002: 1997:Union Army Balloon Corps 1933:Bermuda Hundred campaign 1465:Battle of Drewry's Bluff 1240:William F. "Baldy" Smith 1132:Siege of Yorktown (1862) 822:William F. "Baldy" Smith 680: 509:Battle of Drewry's Bluff 6266:Confederate war finance 5886:Southern Cross of Honor 5854:1938 Gettysburg reunion 5849:1913 Gettysburg reunion 5547:Reconstruction Treaties 5520:Enforcement Act of 1870 5403:Freedman's Savings Bank 4020:Lane Debates on Slavery 3845:Lincoln–Douglas debates 3581:. First published 1885. 3415:Civil War High Commands 3259:Miller, pp. 25–60 3080:Miller, pp. 21–22 3058:Salmon, pp. 91–92 3027:Salmon, pp. 20–21 2942:Salmon, pp. 90–91 2494:Salmon, pp. 76–77 2304:, pp. 323, 889; Sears, 2248:Salmon, pp. 72–76 2144:, pp. 140–141, 149, 160 1726:Lawrence O'Bryan Branch 1532:, under the command of 1310:'s 2nd Division of the 973:Center Wing, Maj. Gen. 961:Winfield S. Featherston 694:Union corps commanders 633:Battle of Hampton Roads 439:Confederate States Army 6325:Richmond riots of 1863 6251:Baltimore riot of 1861 6031:U.S. Military Railroad 5951:Confederate Home Guard 5683:Historiographic issues 5649:Historical reenactment 4148:Revenue Cutter Service 4015:William Lloyd Garrison 3924:Dred Scott v. Sandford 3635:Killblane, Richard E. 2157:, pp. 21–22, 108 1909:Battle of Malvern Hill 1883: 1868:The Seven Days Battles 1819: 1816:Thomas Francis Meagher 1807: 1797: 1705: 1359:24th Virginia Infantry 1291:Battle of Williamsburg 1230: 1160: 1149: 1003:Right Wing, Maj. Gen. 501:Battle of Williamsburg 469:turned the subsequent 399: 391: 178:Gustavus Woodson Smith 163:Commanders and leaders 6290:Great Revival of 1863 6167:Maryland, My Maryland 5956:Confederate railroads 5619:Civil War Roundtables 5488:Meridian riot of 1871 5483:Memphis riots of 1866 4040:George Luther Stearns 4025:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 3918:Crittenden Compromise 3428:Esposito, Vincent J. 1943:Further information: 1881: 1813: 1805:Battle of Seven Pines 1803: 1788: 1781:Battle of Seven Pines 1701: 1622:Battle of Seven Pines 1421:William H. C. Whiting 1226: 1158:Battle of Seven Pines 1155: 1139: 1130:Further information: 1069:Confederate President 951:Left Wing, Maj. Gen. 866:Further information: 793:Samuel P. Heintzelman 731:Samuel P. Heintzelman 687:Union order of battle 685:Further information: 604:, and advance up the 573:Washington's birthday 542:Further information: 520:Battle of Seven Pines 397: 389: 240:Casualties and losses 115:37.27389°N 76.60972°W 6177:Daar kom die Alibama 6092:National Union Party 5768:memorials to Lincoln 5688:Lost Cause mythology 5393:Eufaula riot of 1874 5381:Confederate refugees 4594:District of Columbia 4221:Union naval blockade 4067:Underground Railroad 3855:Nullification crisis 2347:, pp. 257–267. 2325:, pp. 364–367. 2291:, pp. 359–363. 2034:Further information: 1718:Gouverneur K. Warren 1394:Israel B. Richardson 1247:3rd Vermont Infantry 1057:Theophilus H. Holmes 830:1st Division of the 780:Israel B. Richardson 455:Thomas Nelson Conrad 433:, was an amphibious 6335:Supreme Court cases 6102:Radical Republicans 5881:Old soldiers' homes 5865:Confederate Veteran 5791:artworks in Capitol 5510:Reconstruction acts 5371:Colfax riot of 1873 4335:Richmond-Petersburg 3940:Fugitive slave laws 3870:Popular sovereignty 3850:Missouri Compromise 3840:Kansas-Nebraska Act 3691:The Eastern Theater 3483:Miller, William J. 3465:McPherson, James M. 3324:, pp. 680–682 3311:, pp. 326–327 3298:, pp. 296–297 3272:, pp. 280–281 3224:, pp. 142–145 3168:, pp. 277–278 3133:, pp. 121–123 3040:, pp. 118–120 2907:, pp. 113–114 2885:, pp. 104–106 2845:, pp. 273–274 2386:, pp. 291–295 2239:, pp. 195–199 1790:The Chickahominy - 1681:Hanover Court House 1649:William B. Franklin 1610:W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee 1606:White House Landing 1499:Josiah Tattnall III 1343:Winfield S. Hancock 1274:William B. Franklin 983:Richard H. Anderson 836:William B. Franklin 805:Charles S. Hamilton 763:Army of the Potomac 550:Army of the Potomac 431:George B. McClellan 408:Peninsular campaign 406:(also known as the 321:Hanover Court House 198:Army of the Potomac 169:George B. McClellan 120:37.27389; -76.60972 111: / 60:George B. McClellan 6423:Peninsula campaign 6156:A Lincoln Portrait 6097:Politicians killed 6021:U.S. Balloon Corps 6016:Union corps badges 5796:memorials to Davis 5666:Disenfranchisement 5537:Reconstruction era 5418:Timber Culture Act 5376:Compromise of 1877 4340:Franklin–Nashville 4010:Frederick Douglass 3913:Cornerstone Speech 3830:Compromise of 1850 3778:American Civil War 3704:Wheeler, Richard. 3685:Welcher, Frank J. 3618:Gallagher, Gary W. 3566:Webb, Alexander S. 3550:Sears, Stephen W. 3442:West Point website 3366:Beatie, Russel H. 3351:Beatie, Russel H. 2261:, pp. 98–101 2131:McPherson, p. 360. 2092:, p. 480; Eicher, 1904:Seven Days Battles 1884: 1874:Seven Days Battles 1820: 1808: 1798: 1706: 1595:Chickahominy River 1231: 1208:, under Maj. Gen. 1161: 1150: 1146:Yorktown, Virginia 1083:Nathaniel P. Banks 1037:George T. Anderson 995:Raleigh E. Colston 606:Virginia Peninsula 593:Joseph E. Johnston 569:Rappahannock River 544:American Civil War 532:Military situation 482:Virginia Peninsula 471:Seven Days Battles 463:Joseph E. Johnston 412:American Civil War 404:Peninsula campaign 400: 392: 332:Seven Days Battles 285:Peninsula Campaign 219:105,857 (June 20); 174:Joseph E. Johnston 64:Joseph E. Johnston 47:American Civil War 40:Peninsula campaign 18:Peninsula Campaign 6410: 6409: 6378: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6208:Italian Americans 6193:African Americans 6150:John Brown's Body 5903: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5816: 5815: 5654:Robert E. Lee Day 5398:Freedmen's Bureau 5361:Brooks–Baxter War 5292: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5076: 5075: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4848: 4847: 4265:Northern Virginia 4211:Trans-Mississippi 4184: 4183: 4079: 4078: 4075: 4074: 3971:Uncle Tom's Cabin 3908:African Americans 3670:Tidball, John C. 3665:978-0-938289-09-8 3655:Martin, David G. 3601:978-1-61121-355-3 3534:Sears, Stephen W. 3503:Rafuse, Ethan S. 3391:978-0-8032-6246-1 3381:Burton, Brian K. 3376:978-1-932714-25-8 3248:Gates of Richmond 3235:Gates of Richmond 3222:Gates of Richmond 3200:Gates of Richmond 3131:Gates of Richmond 3069:Gates of Richmond 3038:Gates of Richmond 3016:Gates of Richmond 2981:Gates of Richmond 2953:Gates of Richmond 2931:Gates of Richmond 2905:Gates of Richmond 2883:Gates of Richmond 2858:, pp. 95–97 2856:Gates of Richmond 2809:Gates of Richmond 2798:, pp. 93–94 2796:Gates of Richmond 2744:Gates of Richmond 2706:, pp. 89–92 2704:Gates of Richmond 2691:Gates of Richmond 2646:Gates of Richmond 2617:Gates of Richmond 2606:, pp. 79–83 2604:Gates of Richmond 2593:, pp. 78–80 2591:Gates of Richmond 2580:, pp. 74–78 2578:Gates of Richmond 2553:Gates of Richmond 2468:Gates of Richmond 2421:, pp. 42–43 2419:Gates of Richmond 2406:Gates of Richmond 2358:Gates of Richmond 2323:Gates of Richmond 2321:, p. 215; Sears, 2306:Gates of Richmond 2289:Gates of Richmond 1758:Stonewall Jackson 1658: 1657: 1612:, son of General 1228:Siege of Yorktown 1166: Confederate 1121:Initial movements 1091:Stonewall Jackson 1079:Shenandoah Valley 1044:Gustavus W. Smith 1021:Joseph B. Kershaw 987:George E. Pickett 969:Gabriel J. Raines 939: 938: 758: 757: 577:Manassas Junction 565:Urbanna, Virginia 497:siege of Yorktown 486:Brigadier General 443:Northern Virginia 383: 382: 252: 251: 231:112,220 (June 26) 222:88,445 (July 10) 216:102,236 (May 20); 141: 140: 86:March – July 1862 16:(Redirected from 6445: 6400: 6390: 6389: 6213:Native Americans 6198:German Americans 5991:Partisan rangers 5986:Official Records 5926: 5925: 5909: 5908: 5801:memorials to Lee 5748: 5747: 5309: 5308: 5298: 5297: 5085: 5084: 4882: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4862: 4861: 4835:Washington, D.C. 4629:Indian Territory 4589:Dakota Territory 4547: 4546: 4464:Chancellorsville 4255:Jackson's Valley 4245:Blockade runners 4121: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4085: 4084: 4045:Thaddeus Stevens 4035:Lysander Spooner 3995:Susan B. Anthony 3797: 3796: 3786: 3785: 3771: 3764: 3757: 3748: 3747: 3652: 3614: 3591:Crenshaw, Doug. 3518:Salmon, John S. 3397:Eicher, David J. 3325: 3318: 3312: 3305: 3299: 3292: 3286: 3279: 3273: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3251: 3244: 3238: 3231: 3225: 3218: 3212: 3209: 3203: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3178: 3175: 3169: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3147: 3140: 3134: 3127: 3121: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3099: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3072: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3041: 3034: 3028: 3025: 3019: 3012: 3006: 3003: 2997: 2990: 2984: 2977: 2968: 2965: 2956: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2934: 2927: 2921: 2914: 2908: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2886: 2879: 2873: 2870: 2859: 2852: 2846: 2839: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2818: 2812: 2805: 2799: 2792: 2786: 2783: 2777: 2774: 2765: 2758: 2747: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2715:Esposito, map 42 2713: 2707: 2700: 2694: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2658: 2655: 2649: 2642: 2633: 2626: 2620: 2613: 2607: 2600: 2594: 2587: 2581: 2574: 2568: 2565: 2556: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2534: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2516: 2515:Esposito, map 41 2513: 2504: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2483: 2480: 2471: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2449: 2446: 2440: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2422: 2415: 2409: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2387: 2380: 2374: 2367: 2361: 2354: 2348: 2341: 2335: 2332: 2326: 2315: 2309: 2298: 2292: 2281: 2275: 2268: 2262: 2255: 2249: 2246: 2240: 2233: 2227: 2224: 2215: 2208: 2202: 2195: 2189: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2171: 2164: 2158: 2151: 2145: 2138: 2132: 2129: 2123: 2116: 2110: 2103: 2097: 2090:Birth of Command 2086: 2080: 2077: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2041: 2032:ORA 11(3), 312; 2030: 2024: 2021: 2015: 2012: 1966: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1765:Stephen W. Sears 1722:William H. Emory 1710:George W. Morell 1642: 1627: 1474:Edwin M. Stanton 1471:Secretary of War 1425:Hampton's Legion 1386:Fitz John Porter 1328:Cadmus M. Wilcox 1317:James Longstreet 1197:Erasmus D. Keyes 1191:On April 5, the 1171: 1165: 1033:Robert A. Toombs 1017:Richard Griffith 1009:Lafayette McLaws 1005:John B. Magruder 991:Cadmus M. Wilcox 975:James Longstreet 930:John B. Magruder 923: 912:James Longstreet 905: 887: 872: 814:Erasmus D. Keyes 797:Fitz John Porter 749:Erasmus D. Keyes 742: 724: 706: 691: 618:ironclad warship 489:John B. Magruder 435:turning movement 358:Savage's Station 343:Beaver Dam Creek 311:Eltham's Landing 286: 278: 271: 264: 255: 254: 234:74,065 (July 20) 186:John B. Magruder 126: 125: 123: 122: 121: 116: 112: 109: 108: 107: 104: 80: 79: 57: 37: 36: 21: 6453: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6370: 6354: 6239: 6203:Irish Americans 6181: 6126: 6035: 6026:U.S. Home Guard 5966:Field artillery 5920: 5919: 5895: 5837: 5812: 5774: 5743: 5737: 5629:Civil War Trust 5596: 5590: 5478:Ethnic violence 5463:Kirk–Holden war 5342: 5303: 5280: 5214: 5072: 5016: 4869: 4844: 4798: 4551: 4538: 4369: 4350:Sherman's March 4330:Bermuda Hundred 4225: 4180: 4152: 4108: 4107: 4071: 4030:J. Sella Martin 4000:James G. Birney 3976: 3894: 3820:Bleeding Kansas 3808: 3791: 3780: 3775: 3723: 3588: 3586:Further reading 3333: 3328: 3319: 3315: 3306: 3302: 3293: 3289: 3280: 3276: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3245: 3241: 3232: 3228: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3197: 3193: 3188: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3141: 3137: 3128: 3124: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2991: 2987: 2978: 2971: 2966: 2959: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2928: 2924: 2915: 2911: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2862: 2853: 2849: 2840: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2806: 2802: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2780: 2775: 2768: 2759: 2750: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2701: 2697: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2643: 2636: 2627: 2623: 2614: 2610: 2601: 2597: 2588: 2584: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2559: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2507: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2486: 2481: 2474: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2416: 2412: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2381: 2377: 2368: 2364: 2355: 2351: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2329: 2316: 2312: 2299: 2295: 2282: 2278: 2269: 2265: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2218: 2209: 2205: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2174: 2165: 2161: 2152: 2148: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2117: 2113: 2104: 2100: 2096:, pp. 372, 856. 2087: 2083: 2078: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2005: 1962: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1947: 1941: 1929:Benjamin Butler 1919:'s army in the 1892:Chaffin's Bluff 1876: 1870: 1794:'s Upper Bridge 1783: 1777: 1689: 1683: 1670:Allan Pinkerton 1652: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1591: 1481:Salmon P. Chase 1467: 1461: 1437:Henry W. Slocum 1381: 1375: 1293: 1287: 1282: 1270:George Stoneman 1173: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1134: 1128: 1123: 1095:Valley Campaign 1072:Jefferson Davis 1050:J. E. B. Stuart 957:Robert E. Rodes 933: 932: 928: 924: 915: 914: 910: 906: 897: 896: 892: 888: 870: 864: 849:George Stoneman 818:Darius N. Couch 776:Edwin V. Sumner 752: 751: 747: 743: 734: 733: 729: 725: 716: 715: 713:Edwin V. Sumner 711: 707: 689: 683: 678: 676:Opposing forces 546: 540: 534: 529: 424:Eastern Theater 384: 379: 363:White Oak Swamp 287: 284: 282: 228:94,813 (May 31) 184: 180: 176: 119: 117: 113: 110: 105: 102: 100: 98: 97: 96: 58: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6451: 6441: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6394: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6368: 6362: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6352: 6350:Women soldiers 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6305:Naming the war 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6286: 6285: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6189: 6187: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6136: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5941:Campaign Medal 5938: 5932: 5930: 5922: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5916:Related topics 5913: 5905: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5845: 5843: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5772: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5754: 5752: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5673: 5663: 5658: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5644:Decoration Day 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5600: 5598: 5597:Reconstruction 5592: 5591: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5577: 5576: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5555: 5554: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5451:second inquiry 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5423: 5422: 5421: 5415: 5408:Homestead Acts 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5356:Alabama Claims 5352: 5350: 5348:Reconstruction 5344: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5336:15th Amendment 5333: 5331:14th Amendment 5328: 5326:13th Amendment 5317: 5315: 5305: 5304: 5294: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5091: 5089: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4957:J. E. Johnston 4954: 4952:A. S. Johnston 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4892:R. H. Anderson 4888: 4886: 4879: 4871: 4870: 4858: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4754:South Carolina 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4729:North Carolina 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4555: 4553: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4454:Fredericksburg 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4394:Wilson's Creek 4391: 4386: 4380: 4378: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4236: 4234: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4206:Lower Seaboard 4203: 4198: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4162: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4129: 4127: 4118: 4110: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4089: 4081: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4064: 4062:Harriet Tubman 4059: 4058: 4057: 4050:Charles Sumner 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3986: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3904: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3885:States' rights 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3800: 3793: 3792: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3773: 3766: 3759: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3722: 3721:External links 3719: 3718: 3717: 3702: 3683: 3680:978-1594161490 3668: 3653: 3642: 3633: 3615: 3604: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3582: 3563: 3548: 3531: 3516: 3501: 3496: 3481: 3462: 3445: 3426: 3411: 3394: 3379: 3364: 3349: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3326: 3313: 3300: 3287: 3274: 3261: 3252: 3239: 3226: 3213: 3204: 3191: 3179: 3170: 3157: 3148: 3135: 3122: 3109: 3100: 3091: 3082: 3073: 3060: 3051: 3042: 3029: 3020: 3018:, pp. 117, 129 3007: 3005:Kennedy, p. 92 2998: 2985: 2969: 2957: 2944: 2935: 2922: 2909: 2896: 2894:Rafuse, p. 212 2887: 2874: 2860: 2847: 2831: 2822: 2820:Rafuse, p. 213 2813: 2800: 2787: 2778: 2766: 2748: 2735: 2726: 2717: 2708: 2695: 2682: 2673: 2659: 2650: 2634: 2621: 2608: 2595: 2582: 2569: 2557: 2544: 2535: 2526: 2517: 2505: 2503:Rafuse, p. 211 2496: 2484: 2472: 2459: 2457:Rafuse, p. 205 2450: 2441: 2432: 2423: 2410: 2397: 2388: 2375: 2373:, pp. 167–169. 2371:Young Napoleon 2362: 2349: 2336: 2327: 2310: 2293: 2276: 2274:, pp. 164–165. 2272:Young Napoleon 2263: 2250: 2241: 2228: 2226:Kennedy, p. 88 2216: 2203: 2190: 2188:Rafuse, p. 201 2181: 2172: 2168:Young Napoleon 2159: 2146: 2142:Young Napoleon 2133: 2124: 2120:Young Napoleon 2111: 2107:Young Napoleon 2098: 2081: 2069: 2067:ORA 11(3), 645 2060: 2051: 2042: 2025: 2023:ORA 11(3), 238 2016: 2014:ORA 11(3), 184 2006: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1951: 1948: 1940: 1937: 1872:Main article: 1869: 1866: 1779:Main article: 1776: 1773: 1693:Mechanicsville 1685:Main article: 1682: 1679: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1645: 1644: 1637: 1632: 1631: 1599:Pamunkey River 1590: 1587: 1501:knew that CSS 1463:Main article: 1460: 1457: 1445:John Bell Hood 1398:Pamunkey River 1377:Main article: 1374: 1371: 1351:Jubal A. Early 1289:Main article: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1255:Georgia Legion 1210:Irvin McDowell 1195:of Brig. Gen. 1168: 1162: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1087:Irvin McDowell 1077:Forces in the 1065:Benjamin Huger 1061:Fredericksburg 1053: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1029:David R. Jones 1013:Paul J. Semmes 1001: 999:Roger A. Pryor 971: 965:Jubal A. Early 937: 936: 935: 934: 926: 925: 918: 916: 908: 907: 900: 898: 890: 889: 882: 877: 876: 863: 860: 859: 858: 851: 845: 839: 828: 807: 786: 756: 755: 754: 753: 745: 744: 737: 735: 727: 726: 719: 717: 709: 708: 701: 696: 695: 682: 679: 677: 674: 585:council of war 557:Winfield Scott 536:Main article: 533: 530: 528: 525: 484:. Confederate 459:War Department 381: 380: 378: 377: 376: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 328: 323: 318: 316:Drewry's Bluff 313: 308: 303: 298: 292: 289: 288: 281: 280: 273: 266: 258: 250: 249: 246: 242: 241: 237: 236: 235: 232: 229: 225: 224: 223: 220: 217: 211: 210: 206: 205: 200: 194: 193: 192:Units involved 189: 188: 171: 165: 164: 160: 159: 154: 148: 147: 143: 142: 139: 138: 132: 128: 127: 94: 92: 88: 87: 84: 76: 75: 50: 49: 42: 41: 32:Peninsular War 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6450: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6393: 6385: 6384: 6381: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6357: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6320:Photographers 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6295:Gender issues 6293: 6291: 6288: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6276: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6184: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6129: 6123: 6122:War Democrats 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6112:Union Leagues 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6011:Turning point 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5981:Naval battles 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5809: 5806: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5746: 5744:and memorials 5740: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5604:Commemoration 5602: 5601: 5599: 5593: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5446:first inquiry 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5428: 5427: 5424: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5366:Carpetbaggers 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5345: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5299: 5295: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5217: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5086: 5083: 5079: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4789:West Virginia 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4709:New Hampshire 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4669:Massachusetts 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4409:Hampton Roads 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4399:Fort Donelson 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4372: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4295:Morgan's Raid 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4240:Anaconda Plan 4238: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4216:Pacific Coast 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3950:Positive good 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3865:Panic of 1857 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3825:Border states 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3798: 3794: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3772: 3767: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3715: 3714:0-06-015529-9 3711: 3707: 3703: 3700: 3699:0-253-36453-1 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3631: 3630:0-8078-2552-2 3627: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3580: 3579:0-7858-1575-9 3576: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3560:0-89919-790-6 3557: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3545:0-306-80913-3 3542: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3528:0-8117-2868-4 3525: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3513:0-253-34532-4 3510: 3506: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3493:0-915992-93-0 3490: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3478:0-19-503863-0 3475: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3459:0-395-74012-6 3456: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3423:0-8047-3641-3 3420: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3408:0-684-84944-5 3405: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3361:0-306-81141-3 3358: 3354: 3350: 3347: 3346:0-8094-4720-7 3343: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3323: 3322:Longest Night 3317: 3310: 3309:Longest Night 3304: 3297: 3296:Longest Night 3291: 3284: 3283:Longest Night 3278: 3271: 3270:Longest Night 3265: 3256: 3249: 3243: 3236: 3230: 3223: 3217: 3211:Miller, p. 24 3208: 3201: 3195: 3189:Salmon, p. 94 3186: 3184: 3177:Miller, p. 23 3174: 3167: 3166:Longest Night 3161: 3155:Salmon, p. 93 3152: 3145: 3144:Longest Night 3139: 3132: 3126: 3119: 3118:Longest Night 3113: 3107:Miller, p. 22 3104: 3098:Salmon, p. 92 3095: 3086: 3077: 3070: 3064: 3055: 3049:Miller, p. 21 3046: 3039: 3033: 3024: 3017: 3011: 3002: 2995: 2994:Longest Night 2989: 2982: 2976: 2974: 2967:Salmon, p. 91 2964: 2962: 2954: 2948: 2939: 2932: 2926: 2919: 2918:Longest Night 2913: 2906: 2900: 2891: 2884: 2878: 2872:Salmon, p. 90 2869: 2867: 2865: 2857: 2851: 2844: 2843:Longest Night 2838: 2836: 2829:Salmon, p. 88 2826: 2817: 2810: 2804: 2797: 2791: 2782: 2776:Salmon, p. 87 2773: 2771: 2763: 2762:Longest Night 2757: 2755: 2753: 2745: 2739: 2730: 2724:Salmon, p. 86 2721: 2712: 2705: 2699: 2692: 2686: 2677: 2671:Salmon, p. 85 2668: 2666: 2664: 2657:Salmon, p. 83 2654: 2647: 2641: 2639: 2631: 2630:Longest Night 2625: 2618: 2612: 2605: 2599: 2592: 2586: 2579: 2573: 2567:Salmon, p. 82 2564: 2562: 2554: 2548: 2542:Salmon, p. 80 2539: 2533:Salmon, p. 79 2530: 2524:Burton, p. 24 2521: 2512: 2510: 2500: 2491: 2489: 2482:Burton, p. 20 2479: 2477: 2469: 2463: 2454: 2448:Salmon, p. 76 2445: 2439:Burton, p. 15 2436: 2427: 2420: 2414: 2407: 2401: 2392: 2385: 2379: 2372: 2366: 2360:, pp. 26, 70. 2359: 2353: 2346: 2345:Longest Night 2340: 2331: 2324: 2320: 2319:Longest Night 2314: 2307: 2303: 2302:High Commands 2297: 2290: 2286: 2285:Longest Night 2280: 2273: 2267: 2260: 2254: 2245: 2238: 2237:Longest Night 2232: 2223: 2221: 2213: 2207: 2200: 2194: 2185: 2176: 2170:, pp. 168–169 2169: 2163: 2156: 2150: 2143: 2137: 2128: 2121: 2115: 2108: 2102: 2095: 2094:High Commands 2091: 2085: 2076: 2074: 2064: 2055: 2046: 2039: 2035: 2029: 2020: 2011: 2007: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1954: 1946: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1880: 1875: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1850: 1849:John Sedgwick 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1830: 1824: 1817: 1812: 1806: 1802: 1795: 1793: 1787: 1782: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1749: 1747: 1741: 1737: 1735: 1732:to guard the 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1694: 1688: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1650: 1641: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1614:Robert E. Lee 1611: 1607: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1586: 1585:observation. 1582: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1569: 1568:Parrott rifle 1565: 1564: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1544: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1523:Patrick Henry 1520: 1515: 1510: 1508: 1507:Craney Island 1504: 1500: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1466: 1456: 1452: 1450: 1449:Texas Brigade 1446: 1442: 1441:Philip Kearny 1438: 1434: 1430: 1427:, under Col. 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1390:John Sedgwick 1387: 1380: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1332:Philip Kearny 1329: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1309: 1308:Joseph Hooker 1304: 1302: 1301:Fort Magruder 1298: 1297:J.E.B. Stuart 1292: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1186: 1181: 1178: 1159: 1154: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1118: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1051: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 949: 948: 946: 945: 931: 922: 917: 913: 904: 899: 895: 886: 881: 880: 879: 878: 873: 869: 856: 852: 850: 846: 844: 840: 837: 834:, Brig. Gen. 833: 829: 827: 823: 819: 815: 812:, Brig. Gen. 811: 808: 806: 802: 801:Joseph Hooker 798: 794: 791:, Brig. Gen. 790: 787: 785: 784:John Sedgwick 781: 777: 774:, Brig. Gen. 773: 770: 769: 768: 765: 764: 750: 741: 736: 732: 723: 718: 714: 705: 700: 699: 698: 697: 692: 688: 673: 669: 667: 663: 659: 658: 652: 651: 645: 644: 638: 634: 630: 626: 625: 619: 614: 612: 607: 603: 599: 594: 589: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 561: 558: 553: 551: 545: 539: 524: 521: 517: 512: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 487: 483: 479: 474: 472: 468: 467:Robert E. Lee 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 429: 428:Major General 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 396: 388: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 335: 334: 333: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 296:Hampton Roads 294: 293: 290: 279: 274: 272: 267: 265: 260: 259: 256: 247: 244: 243: 238: 233: 230: 227: 226: 221: 218: 215: 214: 213: 212: 207: 204: 201: 199: 196: 195: 190: 187: 183: 182:Robert E. Lee 179: 175: 172: 170: 167: 166: 161: 158: 155: 153: 152:United States 150: 149: 144: 136: 133: 130: 129: 124: 93: 90: 89: 85: 82: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 56: 51: 48: 43: 38: 33: 19: 6261:Bibliography 6244:Other topics 6186:By ethnicity 6154: 6107:Trent Affair 6006:Signal Corps 5863: 5586:White League 5473:Ku Klux Klan 5386:Confederados 5313:Constitution 5185:D. D. Porter 5038:Breckinridge 4749:Rhode Island 4744:Pennsylvania 4499:Spotsylvania 4459:Stones River 4439:2nd Bull Run 4389:1st Bull Run 4275:Stones River 4259: 4176:Marine Corps 4143:Marine Corps 3982:Abolitionism 3969: 3922: 3705: 3690: 3686: 3671: 3656: 3647: 3637: 3621: 3609: 3592: 3569: 3551: 3536: 3519: 3504: 3484: 3467: 3449: 3429: 3414: 3399: 3382: 3367: 3352: 3337: 3321: 3316: 3308: 3303: 3295: 3290: 3282: 3277: 3269: 3264: 3255: 3247: 3242: 3234: 3229: 3221: 3216: 3207: 3199: 3194: 3173: 3165: 3160: 3151: 3143: 3138: 3130: 3125: 3117: 3112: 3103: 3094: 3085: 3076: 3068: 3063: 3054: 3045: 3037: 3032: 3023: 3015: 3010: 3001: 2993: 2988: 2980: 2952: 2947: 2938: 2930: 2925: 2917: 2912: 2904: 2899: 2890: 2882: 2877: 2855: 2850: 2842: 2825: 2816: 2808: 2803: 2795: 2790: 2781: 2761: 2743: 2738: 2733:Burton, p. 5 2729: 2720: 2711: 2703: 2698: 2690: 2685: 2676: 2653: 2645: 2629: 2624: 2616: 2611: 2603: 2598: 2590: 2585: 2577: 2572: 2552: 2547: 2538: 2529: 2520: 2499: 2467: 2462: 2453: 2444: 2435: 2426: 2418: 2413: 2405: 2400: 2395:Burton, p. 4 2391: 2383: 2378: 2370: 2365: 2357: 2352: 2344: 2339: 2330: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2271: 2266: 2258: 2253: 2244: 2236: 2231: 2211: 2206: 2198: 2193: 2184: 2179:Burton, p. 2 2175: 2167: 2162: 2154: 2149: 2141: 2136: 2127: 2119: 2114: 2106: 2101: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2063: 2054: 2045: 2033: 2028: 2019: 2010: 1913:foot cavalry 1902: 1900: 1889: 1885: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1825: 1821: 1789: 1762: 1750: 1742: 1738: 1730:Gordonsville 1714:George Sykes 1707: 1702: 1690: 1673: 1659: 1603: 1592: 1583: 1573: 1562: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1542: 1537:John Rodgers 1527: 1522: 1518: 1514:Fort Darling 1511: 1502: 1493: 1489:John E. Wool 1484: 1468: 1453: 1429:Wade Hampton 1414: 1410: 1400:across from 1382: 1367: 1363: 1340: 1325: 1305: 1294: 1285:Williamsburg 1267: 1259: 1244: 1232: 1218: 1202: 1190: 1184: 1182: 1174: 1115:Williamsburg 1110:Warwick Line 1099: 1076: 1054: 942: 940: 855:John E. Wool 843:George Sykes 761: 759: 670: 665: 661: 656: 649: 642: 636: 623: 615: 590: 562: 554: 547: 513: 493:Warwick Line 475: 437:against the 414:was a major 407: 403: 401: 373:Malvern Hill 348:Gaines' Mill 330: 306:Williamsburg 146:Belligerents 45:Part of the 6067:Copperheads 5779:Confederate 5671:Black Codes 4997:E. K. Smith 4878:Confederate 4825:New Orleans 4820:Chattanooga 4684:Mississippi 4584:Connecticut 4552:territories 4543:Involvement 4504:Cold Harbor 4494:Fort Pillow 4484:Chattanooga 4479:Chickamauga 4429:Seven Pines 4419:New Orleans 4384:Fort Sumter 4325:Valley 1864 4158:Confederacy 3955:Slave Power 3935:Fire-Eaters 2680:Webb, p. 82 1829:Silas Casey 1814:Brig. Gen. 1433:John Newton 1417:G. W. Smith 1341:Brig. Gen. 1306:Brig. Gen. 1251:Thomas Cobb 1236:Howell Cobb 1172: Union 1025:Howell Cobb 862:Confederate 826:Silas Casey 629:James River 611:Quaker Guns 598:Fort Monroe 581:Centreville 478:Fort Monroe 449:capital of 447:Confederate 326:Seven Pines 135:Confederate 118: / 72:Confederate 6417:Categories 6300:Juneteenth 5821:Cemeteries 5698:Red Shirts 5609:Centennial 5559:Red Shirts 4967:Longstreet 4897:Beauregard 4840:Winchester 4815:Charleston 4784:Washington 4719:New Mexico 4714:New Jersey 4574:California 4550:States and 4534:Five Forks 4519:Mobile Bay 4489:Wilderness 4469:Gettysburg 4449:Perryville 4434:Seven Days 4365:Appomattox 4290:Gettysburg 4250:New Mexico 4117:Combatants 4092:Combatants 4005:John Brown 3689:. Vol. 1, 3331:References 1896:Petersburg 1646:Brig. Gen. 1579:City Point 1574:Port Royal 1402:West Point 1347:D. H. Hill 1214:Washington 1177:Alexandria 979:A. P. Hill 953:D. H. Hill 894:D. H. Hill 838:commanding 746:Brig. Gen. 728:Brig. Gen. 710:Brig. Gen. 643:Cumberland 527:Background 106:76°36′35″W 103:37°16′26″N 6278:Espionage 6072:Diplomacy 6040:Political 5996:POW camps 5742:Monuments 5569:Scalawags 5564:Redeemers 5302:Aftermath 5251:Pinkerton 5190:Rosecrans 5155:McClellan 5058:Memminger 4794:Wisconsin 4759:Tennessee 4679:Minnesota 4654:Louisiana 4529:Nashville 4474:Vicksburg 4404:Pea Ridge 4355:Carolinas 4310:Red River 4305:Knoxville 4285:Tullahoma 4280:Vicksburg 4260:Peninsula 4232:campaigns 4098:Campaigns 3875:Secession 2122:, p. 116. 2109:, p. 111. 1939:Aftermath 1917:John Pope 1563:Naugatuck 1534:Commander 1496:Commodore 1312:III Corps 1183:With the 927:Maj. Gen. 891:Maj. Gen. 789:III Corps 567:, on the 410:) of the 338:Oak Grove 6392:Category 6233:Seminole 6223:Cherokee 5976:Medicine 5929:Military 5842:Veterans 5676:Jim Crow 5441:timeline 5236:Ericsson 5219:Civilian 5200:Sheridan 5160:McDowell 5120:Farragut 5105:Burnside 5095:Anderson 5088:Military 5068:Stephens 5028:Benjamin 5021:Civilian 4907:Buchanan 4885:Military 4830:Richmond 4779:Virginia 4724:New York 4699:Nebraska 4689:Missouri 4674:Michigan 4664:Maryland 4649:Kentucky 4624:Illinois 4599:Delaware 4579:Colorado 4564:Arkansas 4524:Franklin 4444:Antietam 4315:Overland 4270:Maryland 4189:Theaters 4095:Theaters 3320:Eicher, 3307:Eicher, 3294:Eicher, 3285:, p. 281 3281:Eicher, 3268:Eicher, 3250:, p. 149 3237:, p. 147 3202:, p. 145 3164:Eicher, 3146:, p. 277 3142:Eicher, 3120:, p. 276 3116:Eicher, 3071:, p. 120 2992:Eicher, 2983:, p. 117 2955:, p. 116 2933:, p. 114 2920:, p. 275 2916:Eicher, 2841:Eicher, 2764:, p. 273 2760:Eicher, 2632:, p. 270 2628:Eicher, 2382:Beatie, 2343:Eicher, 2317:Eicher, 2308:, p. 46. 2300:Eicher, 2283:Eicher, 2257:Beatie, 2235:Eicher, 2214:, p. 103 2210:Beatie, 2201:, p. 64. 2197:Beatie, 2153:Beatie, 2088:Beatie, 1950:See also 1923:and the 1666:VI Corps 1519:Virginia 1503:Virginia 1321:IV Corps 1193:IV Corps 1185:Virginia 1106:Yorktown 1102:redoubts 909:Lt. Gen. 810:IV Corps 772:II Corps 666:Virginia 662:Virginia 650:Congress 637:Virginia 624:Virginia 602:Virginia 451:Richmond 420:Virginia 368:Glendale 301:Yorktown 209:Strength 91:Location 6359:Related 6228:Choctaw 6218:Catawba 6001:Rations 5946:Cavalry 5808:Removal 5436:efforts 5420:of 1873 5266:Stevens 5261:Stanton 5246:Lincoln 5205:Sherman 5140:Halleck 5130:Frémont 5115:Du Pont 5053:Mallory 5012:Wheeler 4947:Jackson 4927:Forrest 4867:Leaders 4810:Atlanta 4774:Vermont 4694:Montana 4634:Indiana 4609:Georgia 4604:Florida 4569:Arizona 4559:Alabama 4509:Atlanta 4424:Corinth 4376:battles 4320:Atlanta 4300:Bristoe 4201:Western 4196:Eastern 4101:Battles 3900:Slavery 3804:Origins 3790:Origins 3438:5890637 3246:Sears, 3233:Sears, 3220:Sears, 3198:Sears, 3129:Sears, 3067:Sears, 3036:Sears, 3014:Sears, 2979:Sears, 2951:Sears, 2929:Sears, 2903:Sears, 2881:Sears, 2854:Sears, 2811:, p. 94 2807:Sears, 2794:Sears, 2746:, p. 93 2742:Sears, 2702:Sears, 2693:, p. 86 2689:Sears, 2648:, p. 85 2644:Sears, 2619:, p. 82 2615:Sears, 2602:Sears, 2589:Sears, 2576:Sears, 2555:, p. 70 2551:Sears, 2470:, p. 58 2466:Sears, 2417:Sears, 2408:, p. 39 2404:Sears, 2369:Sears, 2356:Sears, 2270:Sears, 2166:Sears, 2140:Sears, 2118:Sears, 2105:Sears, 2038:page 13 1769:malaria 1746:Ashland 1662:V Corps 1557:Monitor 1553:Monitor 1280:Battles 1253:of the 1206:I Corps 1142:mortars 1093:in the 832:I Corps 657:Monitor 137:victory 6402:Portal 6340:Tokens 5276:Welles 5256:Seward 5241:Hamlin 5210:Thomas 5145:Hooker 5110:Butler 5063:Seddon 5048:Hunter 5033:Bocock 5007:Taylor 5002:Stuart 4992:Semmes 4972:Morgan 4932:Gorgas 4912:Cooper 4803:Cities 4739:Oregon 4704:Nevada 4644:Kansas 4614:Hawaii 4514:Crater 4414:Shiloh 4374:Major 4360:Mobile 4230:Major 4104:States 4055:Caning 3712: 3697: 3678: 3663: 3628: 3620:, ed. 3599: 3577: 3558: 3543: 3526: 3511: 3491: 3476: 3457: 3436: 3421: 3406: 3389: 3374: 3359: 3344: 1792:Sumner 1549:Galena 1543:Galena 1392:, and 1336:abatis 1170: 1164: 1148:, 1862 1023:, and 997:, and 967:, and 824:, and 803:, and 248:29,298 245:23,119 131:Result 6145:Dixie 6132:Music 5751:Union 5595:Post- 5431:trial 5231:Chase 5226:Adams 5195:Scott 5170:Meigs 5165:Meade 5135:Grant 5125:Foote 5100:Buell 5081:Union 5043:Davis 4987:Price 4977:Mosby 4922:Ewell 4917:Early 4902:Bragg 4764:Texas 4659:Maine 4619:Idaho 4125:Union 2996:, 276 2003:Notes 1485:Miami 1412:p.m. 681:Union 416:Union 68:Union 6330:Salt 5936:Arms 5786:List 5758:List 5271:Wade 5180:Pope 5150:Hunt 4982:Polk 4942:Hood 4937:Hill 4769:Utah 4734:Ohio 4639:Iowa 4171:Navy 4166:Army 4138:Navy 4133:Army 3710:ISBN 3695:ISBN 3676:ISBN 3661:ISBN 3626:ISBN 3597:ISBN 3575:ISBN 3556:ISBN 3541:ISBN 3524:ISBN 3509:ISBN 3489:ISBN 3474:ISBN 3455:ISBN 3434:OCLC 3419:ISBN 3404:ISBN 3387:ISBN 3372:ISBN 3357:ISBN 3342:ISBN 1572:USS 1561:USS 1541:USS 1476:and 1439:and 1423:and 1263:Lowe 1085:and 1035:and 782:and 760:The 655:USS 648:USS 646:and 641:USS 622:CSS 579:and 402:The 83:Date 70:and 62:and 5175:Ord 4962:Lee 1756:by 1624:). 1447:'s 1059:at 441:in 6419:: 3182:^ 2972:^ 2960:^ 2863:^ 2834:^ 2769:^ 2751:^ 2662:^ 2637:^ 2560:^ 2508:^ 2487:^ 2475:^ 2219:^ 2072:^ 1935:. 1771:. 1748:. 1674:he 1581:. 1388:, 1074:. 1019:, 1015:, 993:, 989:, 985:, 981:, 963:, 959:, 820:, 799:, 620:, 613:. 600:, 3770:e 3763:t 3756:v 3716:. 3701:. 3682:. 3667:. 3632:. 3603:. 3562:. 3547:. 3530:. 3515:. 3495:. 3480:. 3461:. 3444:. 3425:. 3410:. 3393:. 3378:. 3363:. 3348:. 2040:. 1039:) 277:e 270:t 263:v 34:. 20:)

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Knowledge

Peninsula campaign

Index