181:, but sensation was expected to take two years to return fully. The doctors who performed the transplant were surprised by this, as they had not expected the patient to recover fully until about December 2016. Given that circumcisions are performed frequently in parts of South Africa to mark a boy's transition to adulthood, and these are often unsanitary procedures, frequently carried out by uncertified amateurs, doctors have said that South Africa has some of the greatest need for penis transplantations in the world. In 2015, the recipient announced that he had successfully conceived a child.
134:
201:. The surgeons demonstrated that it was possible to perform penile transplantation using a new technique of genitourinary vascularized composite allografts (GUVCA) to replace lost tissue under conventional immunosuppressive medication. The clinical results of this pioneering procedure in reconstructive transplantation in the United States was published in
250:
reported that surgeons from Johns
Hopkins, led by Richard Redett, MD, had performed the first penis transplant performed on a combat survivor and the third successful penis transplant so far. This transplant also included the scrotum, but not the testicles, for ethical reasons. The patient's identity
113:
in
Belgium, who wrote a letter that raised the question of whether or not ethics committees were involved, and criticized the group for the follow-up time of only 15 days. Hoebeke asserted that successful voiding at two weeks is not predictive of long-term outcomes, and even that inadequate arterial
290:
penises onto 12 rabbits. All of them mated and four produced offspring. It was a test for a concept he had been working on since 1992, with the aim of making human penises for transplant. He has since produced test versions of bioengineered human penises. While there have been multiple successful
219:
In a nine and a half hour procedure, André van der Merwe and his team successfully transplanted a penis onto a 40-year-old male who had lost his penis 17 years prior, in a botched traditional circumcision. The patient is set to receive medical skin darkening tattoos in order to correct skin tone
118:
might not manifest themselves in this time. The hospital that performed the first transplantation later issued a set of guidelines which, among other considerations, "recommended that the procedure be restricted to individuals with severe injuries who are unwilling to undergo traditional
679:
Cetrulo, Curtis L.; Li, Kai; Salinas, Harry M.; Treiser, Matthew D.; Schol, Ilse; Barrisford, Glen W.; McGovern, Francis J.; Feldman, Adam S.; Grant, Michael T. (15 May 2017). "Penis
Transplantation: First US Experience".
1266:
157:
in South Africa. The surgical team consisted of urologist André van der Merwe and plastic surgeon Frank Graewe. The immunosuppression was conducted by
Rafique Moosa. The nine-hour procedure used
758:
243:
would soon be performing experimental penis transplantation surgeries on injured veterans, and were optimistic that such surgeries could result in sexual and reproductive function.
105:
I cannot imagine what would have been the reactions of the medical profession, ethics specialists, and the media if a
European surgical team had performed the same operation.
403:
Hu, Weilie; Lu, Jun; Zhang, Lichao; Wu, Wen; Nie, Haibo; Zhu, Yunsong; Deng, Zhixiong; Zhao, Yongbing; et al. (2006). "A preliminary report of penile transplantation".
1381:
883:
838:
1705:
974:
279:
34:
1617:
857:
1775:
1216:
766:
476:
Hoebeke, P. (2007). "Re: Weilie Hu, Jun Lu, Lichao Zhang, et al. A Preliminary Report of Penile
Transplantation. Eur Urol 2006;50:851–3".
85:, China. The patient, a 44-year-old male, had sustained the loss of most of his penis in an accident. The transplanted penis came from a
216:
A surgical team from
Stellenbosch University and the Tygerberg Academic Hospital performed a second penis transplant on 21 April 2017.
263:
905:
589:
1758:
1037:
638:
1731:
931:
1770:
1698:
782:"Penile transplantation as an appropriate response to botched traditional circumcisions in South Africa: an argument against"
661:
119:
reconstructive surgery", according to a mini-review of the ethical issues surrounding penis transplantation published in the
149:
In
December 2014, the first successful penis transplant was performed on a 21-year-old man by specialists led by urologist
1479:
1360:
1355:
967:
165:
he underwent aged 18. As of 13 March 2015, the recipient was reported to have recovered function in the organ, including
223:
Stellenbosch
University is the only medical center in the world to have successfully completed two penile transplants.
1930:
1024:
1763:
1691:
1286:
1271:
1002:
236:
68:
from a human donor, or it may be grown artificially, though the latter has not yet been transplanted onto a human.
1400:
162:
262:
is working on a research project that is exploring the feasibility of penile transplantation for the purpose of
1996:
1405:
1376:
1350:
960:
208:
In
October 2020 doctors from Massachusetts General Hospital debated penis transplants in transgender patients.
190:
1683:
891:
101:, wrote that the case "raises many questions and has some critics". He alluded to a double standard, writing:
1281:
1261:
1319:
1246:
375:
2001:
1324:
1329:
1185:
1107:
154:
121:
564:
1672:
1211:
1082:
1077:
1715:
1276:
1102:
1443:
1388:
1139:
1047:
138:
1940:
1785:
1667:
1652:
1393:
1251:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1087:
198:
194:
1573:
150:
1657:
1594:
1541:
1505:
1433:
1092:
1072:
983:
731:
438:
161:
to connect blood vessels and nerves. The patient had lost his penis as a result of a botched
94:
1991:
1925:
1746:
1464:
1221:
1097:
1062:
90:
295:, transplantation of a complete bioengineered penis has not yet been attempted in humans.
93:
as a result of the procedure, and had the surgery reversed 15 days later. Following this,
8:
1935:
1557:
1052:
1014:
1009:
997:
318:
259:
1970:
1945:
1843:
1833:
1741:
1428:
814:
781:
713:
537:
512:
1810:
1662:
1642:
1637:
1536:
1438:
1190:
819:
801:
705:
697:
542:
493:
458:
420:
312:
29:
1792:
1484:
1042:
809:
793:
717:
689:
532:
524:
485:
450:
412:
81:
The first such procedure was performed in September 2006 at a military hospital in
57:
797:
89:
22-year-old male. Although a surgical success, the patient and his wife developed
1802:
1736:
1469:
1309:
1167:
1149:
1067:
1057:
693:
489:
454:
416:
307:
98:
1965:
1912:
1907:
1713:
1531:
1448:
1241:
1177:
906:"Advancing the Field of Sex Reassignment Surgery Through Innovative Approaches"
304:
287:
283:
1985:
1838:
1780:
1753:
1599:
1589:
1510:
1474:
1304:
1162:
1157:
1119:
1032:
805:
701:
331:
275:
189:
In May 2016 surgeons, co-led by Curtis L. Cetrulo Jr. and Dicken S. C. Ko at
1897:
1820:
1526:
1500:
823:
709:
615:
546:
497:
462:
424:
380:
353:
327:
158:
16:
Surgical transplant procedure in which a penis is transplanted to a patient
1885:
1863:
1604:
1256:
1195:
178:
115:
61:
952:
884:"'Whole Again': A Vet Maimed by an I.E.D. Receives a Transplanted Penis"
528:
43:
1875:
1868:
86:
1902:
1828:
347:
335:
240:
166:
133:
82:
65:
1855:
1723:
1647:
1334:
170:
759:"World's third penis transplant successfully done in South Africa"
292:
110:
184:
174:
220:
differences, as the donor was white and the recipient black.
839:"SEE: SA doctors perform second successful penis transplant"
616:"South Africans perform first 'successful' penis transplant"
1314:
732:"Hospital Debates Penis Transplant in Transgender Patient"
662:"Man Receives First Penis Transplant in the United States"
590:"Penis transplant successfully performed in South Africa"
291:
transplants of other bioengineered organs, including the
109:
An example of a critic is Piet Hoebeke, a reconstructive
858:"Penis Transplants Being Planned to Help Wounded Troops"
678:
137:
The first successful penis transplant was performed at
932:"The lab-grown penis: approaching a medical milestone"
639:"Penis transplant patient has major news for skeptics"
780:
Moodley, Keymanthri; Rennie, Stuart (February 2018).
330:
directed both films, and the first was co-written by
326:(1974) depict the world's first penis transplant.
64:is transplanted to a patient. The penis may be an
565:"Doctors claim first successful penis transplant"
211:
197:performed a transplant on a 64-year-old man from
128:
1983:
613:
76:
280:Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine
1618:List of organ transplant donors and recipients
1776:Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate
1699:
968:
779:
562:
511:Zhang, L. C.; Zhao, Y. B.; Hu, W. L. (2010).
185:2016 Massachusetts General Hospital procedure
1217:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
431:
592:. CBC News. Associated Press. 13 March 2015
510:
402:
269:
1706:
1692:
975:
961:
513:"Ethical issues in penile transplantation"
469:
982:
929:
849:
813:
558:
556:
536:
437:
836:
226:
132:
1759:Transurethral resection of the prostate
636:
475:
1984:
1732:Transurethral incision of the prostate
553:
373:
356:, surgical reconstruction of the penis
1771:Transurethral microwave thermotherapy
1687:
956:
881:
855:
756:
659:
609:
607:
376:"Man rejects first penis transplant"
1714:Tests and procedures involving the
1361:Canadian Society of Transplantation
1356:American Society of Transplantation
441:(2006). "Penile transplantation?".
13:
930:Mohammadi, Dara (4 October 2014).
614:Gallagher, James (13 March 2015).
604:
350:, surgical amputation of the penis
97:, who performed the world's first
14:
2013:
1931:Frenuloplasty of prepuce of penis
856:Grady, Denise (6 December 2015).
374:Sample, Ian (18 September 2006).
1764:Radical retropubic prostatectomy
1287:United Network for Organ Sharing
1272:National Transplant Organization
837:Carstens, Joshua (22 May 2017).
237:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
1401:Organ transplantation in Israel
923:
898:
882:Grady, Denise (24 April 2018).
875:
830:
773:
750:
724:
672:
653:
563:Netto, Joseph (13 March 2015).
1406:Organ transplantation in Japan
1377:Organ transplantation in China
1351:American Society of Nephrology
637:Johnson, John (12 June 2015).
630:
582:
504:
396:
367:
212:2017 procedure in South Africa
191:Massachusetts General Hospital
129:2014 procedure in South Africa
1:
1282:Trillium Gift of Life Network
1262:National Marrow Donor Program
798:10.1136/medethics-2016-103515
757:Akwei, Ismail (23 May 2017).
660:Grady, Denise (17 May 2016).
360:
324:It's Not the Size That Counts
298:
77:2006 allotransplant procedure
1320:Halachic Organ Donor Society
1247:Gift of Life Marrow Registry
890:. p. D1. Archived from
694:10.1097/SLA.0000000000002241
490:10.1016/j.eururo.2006.11.032
455:10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.055
417:10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.026
235:reported that surgeons from
7:
1325:Kidney Foundation of Canada
341:
10:
2018:
1382:harvesting from Falun Gong
1330:National Kidney Foundation
1186:Non-heart-beating donation
517:Asian Journal of Andrology
155:University of Stellenbosch
122:Asian Journal of Andrology
1958:
1921:
1893:
1884:
1854:
1819:
1801:
1722:
1630:
1613:
1582:
1566:
1550:
1519:
1493:
1457:
1421:
1414:
1369:
1343:
1295:
1230:
1212:Graft-versus-host disease
1204:
1176:
1148:
1023:
990:
786:Journal of Medical Ethics
254:
40:
28:
23:
1716:male reproductive system
1277:NHS Blood and Transplant
270:Laboratory-grown penises
264:gender-affirming surgery
71:
1653:Immunosuppressive drugs
1389:Organ donation in India
143:medical campus pictured
139:Stellenbosch University
1941:Penile plethysmography
1786:Prostate brachytherapy
1673:Frankenstein's monster
1668:Total body irradiation
1394:Gurgaon kidney scandal
1252:Human Tissue Authority
910:reports.mountsinai.org
439:Dubernard, Jean-Michel
334:and featured music by
278:and colleagues at the
199:Halifax, Massachusetts
195:Harvard Medical School
163:circumcision procedure
146:
107:
1997:Organ transplantation
1658:Lung allocation score
1595:Jean-Michel Dubernard
984:Organ transplantation
227:Johns Hopkins program
136:
103:
95:Jean-Michel Dubernard
60:procedure in which a
54:Penis transplantation
24:Penis transplantation
1926:Foreskin restoration
1747:Transurethral biopsy
1465:J. Hartwell Harrison
1222:Transplant rejection
736:www.medpagetoday.com
91:psychological trauma
1936:Penile Frenulectomy
1574:André van der Merwe
1558:Richard C. Lillehei
1231:Transplant networks
1015:Xenotransplantation
1010:Autotransplantation
998:Allotransplantation
529:10.1038/aja.2010.88
260:Miroslav Djordjevic
251:was not disclosed.
151:André van der Merwe
2002:Tissue transplants
1971:Scrotal ultrasound
1946:Postage stamp test
1844:Vasoepididymostomy
1834:Vasectomy reversal
1742:Transrectal biopsy
1429:Christiaan Barnard
1025:Organs and tissues
888:The New York Times
862:The New York Times
666:The New York Times
248:The New York Times
233:The New York Times
231:In December 2015,
147:
1979:
1978:
1954:
1953:
1811:Spermatocelectomy
1681:
1680:
1663:Machine perfusion
1643:Edmonton protocol
1638:Biomedical tissue
1626:
1625:
1537:Vladimir Demikhov
1439:Adrian Kantrowitz
1191:Organ procurement
894:on 23 April 2018.
682:Annals of Surgery
203:Annals of Surgery
141:in South Africa (
51:
50:
2009:
1891:
1890:
1803:Seminal vesicles
1793:Prostate massage
1708:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1485:Michael Woodruff
1419:
1418:
1150:Medical grafting
977:
970:
963:
954:
953:
947:
946:
944:
942:
927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
902:
896:
895:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
853:
847:
846:
834:
828:
827:
817:
777:
771:
770:
765:. Archived from
754:
748:
747:
745:
743:
738:. 8 October 2020
728:
722:
721:
676:
670:
669:
657:
651:
650:
648:
646:
634:
628:
627:
625:
623:
611:
602:
601:
599:
597:
586:
580:
579:
577:
575:
560:
551:
550:
540:
508:
502:
501:
478:European Urology
473:
467:
466:
443:European Urology
435:
429:
428:
405:European Urology
400:
394:
393:
391:
389:
371:
322:, also known as
319:Percy's Progress
44:edit on Wikidata
21:
20:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2006:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1950:
1917:
1880:
1850:
1815:
1797:
1737:Prostate biopsy
1718:
1712:
1682:
1677:
1622:
1609:
1578:
1562:
1546:
1515:
1489:
1470:John P. Merrill
1453:
1410:
1365:
1344:Joint societies
1339:
1310:Blood Cancer UK
1297:
1291:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1200:
1172:
1168:Vascular bypass
1144:
1019:
986:
981:
951:
950:
940:
938:
928:
924:
914:
912:
904:
903:
899:
880:
876:
866:
864:
854:
850:
835:
831:
778:
774:
755:
751:
741:
739:
730:
729:
725:
677:
673:
658:
654:
644:
642:
635:
631:
621:
619:
612:
605:
595:
593:
588:
587:
583:
573:
571:
561:
554:
509:
505:
474:
470:
436:
432:
401:
397:
387:
385:
372:
368:
363:
344:
308:science fiction
301:
272:
257:
246:In April 2018,
229:
214:
187:
131:
99:face transplant
79:
74:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2015:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1966:Semen analysis
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1913:Preputioplasty
1910:
1908:Penile implant
1905:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1631:Related topics
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1542:James D. Hardy
1539:
1534:
1532:Joel D. Cooper
1529:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1506:James D. Hardy
1503:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1480:Elizabeth Ward
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1449:Norman Shumway
1446:
1441:
1436:
1434:James D. Hardy
1431:
1425:
1423:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1242:Eurotransplant
1238:
1236:
1233:and government
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1178:Organ donation
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1005:
994:
992:
988:
987:
980:
979:
972:
965:
957:
949:
948:
922:
897:
874:
848:
829:
772:
769:on 3 May 2019.
749:
723:
688:(5): 983–988.
671:
652:
629:
603:
581:
552:
523:(6): 795–800.
503:
468:
449:(4): 664–665.
430:
411:(4): 851–853.
395:
365:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
351:
343:
340:
300:
297:
284:North Carolina
271:
268:
256:
253:
228:
225:
213:
210:
186:
183:
130:
127:
78:
75:
73:
70:
56:is a surgical
49:
48:
41:
38:
37:
32:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2014:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
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1963:
1961:
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1909:
1906:
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1901:
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1896:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:Vasovasostomy
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:Brachytherapy
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1754:Prostatectomy
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
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1702:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1689:
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1659:
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332:Michael Palin
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288:bioengineered
286:transplanted
285:
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276:Anthony Atala
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1821:Vas deferens
1527:Fikri Alican
1501:Fikri Alican
1114:
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936:The Observer
935:
925:
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909:
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892:the original
887:
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861:
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381:The Guardian
379:
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354:Phalloplasty
328:Ralph Thomas
323:
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205:, May 2017.
202:
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159:microsurgery
148:
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1992:Human penis
1959:Other tests
1864:Orchiectomy
1605:Bruce Reitz
1257:LifeSharers
1235:departments
1196:Organ trade
1038:Bone marrow
763:Africa News
316:(1971) and
179:ejaculation
116:anastomoses
1986:Categories
1876:Orchiopexy
1869:Castration
1108:islet cell
1078:Heart–lung
867:6 December
641:. Fox News
618:. BBC News
361:References
310:comedies,
299:In fiction
87:brain-dead
58:transplant
1903:Penectomy
1829:Vasectomy
1370:Countries
1083:Intestine
806:0306-6800
702:1528-1140
645:18 August
348:Penectomy
336:The Kinks
274:In 2009,
241:Baltimore
167:urination
153:from the
111:urologist
83:Guangzhou
66:allograft
1724:Prostate
1648:Eye bank
1551:Pancreas
1335:ORGANIZE
1296:Advocacy
1103:Pancreas
941:16 March
915:17 March
843:Health24
824:28756397
710:28509699
622:15 March
596:13 March
574:15 March
547:20835258
498:17126476
463:16930811
425:16930814
384:. London
342:See also
171:erection
30:ICD-9-CM
1048:Corneal
815:5800330
718:4686695
538:3739079
305:British
293:urethra
1856:Testes
1458:Kidney
1415:People
1267:NOD-Lb
1140:Vagina
1135:Uterus
1130:Thymus
1125:Spleen
1088:Kidney
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742:23 May
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388:22 May
255:Serbia
175:orgasm
1886:Penis
1583:Other
1567:Penis
1494:Liver
1422:Heart
1115:Penis
1093:Liver
1073:Heart
1043:Brain
991:Types
714:S2CID
313:Percy
72:Cases
62:penis
42:[
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1520:Lung
1315:DKMS
1120:Skin
1098:Lung
1068:Head
1063:Hand
1058:Face
1033:Bone
1003:ABOi
943:2015
917:2023
869:2015
820:PMID
802:ISSN
744:2022
706:PMID
698:ISSN
647:2015
624:2015
598:2015
576:2015
543:PMID
494:PMID
459:PMID
421:PMID
390:2010
303:The
177:and
1053:Eye
810:PMC
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