51:
320:
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42:
575:
Several studies have focused on the way pentylenetetrazol influences neuronal ion channels. A 1987 study found that pentylenetetrazol increases calcium influx and sodium influx, both of which depolarize the neuron. Because these effects were antagonized by calcium channel blockers, pentylenetetrazol
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2353:
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1845:
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1870:
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3010:
2985:
763:
Squires RF, Saederup E, Crawley JN, Skolnick P, Paul SM (October 1984). "Convulsant potencies of tetrazoles are highly correlated with actions on GABA/benzodiazepine/picrotoxin receptor complexes in brain".
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1884:
2995:
2398:
2393:
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3000:
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584:
Pentylenetetrazol has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomena and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility. For instance, researchers can induce
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1840:
1810:
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2484:
1680:
2218:
895:
Takahashi T, Noriaki S, Matsumura M, Li C, Takahashi K, Nishino S (3 October 2018). "Advances in pharmaceutical treatment options for narcolepsy".
2737:
1516:
940:
517:, which is easier to administer, as the preferred method for inducing seizures in England's mental hospitals. In the US, its approval by the
1521:
509:
in 1934. It has been used in convulsive therapy, and was found to be effective—primarily for depression—but side effects such as uncontrolled
3442:
1740:
1730:
826:
Jung ME, Lal H, Gatch MB (June 2002). "The discriminative stimulus effects of pentylenetetrazol as a model of anxiety: recent developments".
541:. In 1984, Squires et al. published a report analyzing pentylenetetrazol and several structurally related convulsant drugs. They found that
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1294:
665:
397:
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106:
2812:
2514:
1309:
983:
576:
apparently acts at calcium channels, and it causes them to lose selectivity and conduct sodium ions, as well.
3140:
607:
receptor. Several classes of compounds can modulate the pentylenetetrazol discriminative stimulus, including
3463:
1319:
518:
315:
196:
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640:
276:
265:
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3247:
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514:
3101:
3538:
3503:
1461:
1343:
292:
3227:
2882:
1685:
1334:
597:
572:, but presumably pentylenetetrazol has the opposite effect when it binds to the GABA-A receptor.
383:
63:
3252:
2648:
2509:
2243:
1546:
799:
Papp A, Fehér O, Erdélyi L (1987). "The ionic mechanism of the pentylenetetrazol convulsions".
630:
521:
was revoked in 1982. It is used in Italy as a cardio-respiratory stimulant in combination with
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978:
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8:
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501:, is a drug formerly used as a circulatory and respiratory stimulant. High doses cause
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The mechanism of pentylenetetrazol is not well understood, and it may have multiple
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33:
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1978:
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2002:
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1973:
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2016:
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2008:
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1259:
1214:
1089:
1073:
1034:
1014:
1009:
999:
151:
513:
were difficult to avoid. In 1939, pentylenetetrazol was replaced by
41:
3422:
3352:
3342:
3302:
3277:
3217:
3120:
3028:
2902:
2832:
2787:
2718:
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2643:
2558:
2519:
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2298:
2207:
2147:
2127:
2119:
2012:
1998:
1982:
1932:
1830:
1820:
1800:
1770:
1754:
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1561:
1264:
1254:
1112:
1024:
1019:
561:
558:
505:, as discovered by Hungarian-American neurologist and psychiatrist
225:
382:
3327:
3312:
3222:
3135:
2862:
2822:
2817:
2742:
2653:
2633:
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2198:
1938:
1854:
1835:
1670:
1526:
1398:
1314:
1249:
1029:
633:
626:
593:
522:
510:
2378:
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3192:
2143:
2046:
1750:
1117:
608:
256:
1133:
762:
3237:
2887:
2613:
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2079:
1695:
1198:
1122:
1068:
615:
373:
236:
888:
281:
3332:
3145:
2827:
2797:
2539:
2529:
2469:
2459:
2455:
2042:
1495:
1490:
1446:
1239:
1234:
1204:
1194:
1190:
955:
894:
622:
588:
in animal models. Pentylenetetrazol is also a prototypical
216:
2843:
697:
Read CF (1940). "Consequences of metrazol shock therapy".
2247:
1299:
592:
drug and has been extensively used in animal models of
3169:
1627:
425:InChI=1S/C6H10N4/c1-2-4-6-7-8-9-10(6)5-3-1/h1-5H2
3495:
1083:Other agents for treating respiratory depression
798:
164:
1517:2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropyl trifluoromethyl ether
139:
545:convulsant potency was strongly correlated to
3514:GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators
1588:
1149:
941:
1602:
825:
1604:
870:"Pentylenetetrazole - Balance Therapeutics"
2852:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A-rho receptor
1595:
1581:
1156:
1142:
948:
934:
862:
557:complex. Many GABA-A ligands, such as the
318:
295:
184:
723:
204:
639:Pentylenetetrazol is being studied as a
596:. Pentylenetetrazol produces a reliable
291:
14:
3496:
3177:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor
1635:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor
828:Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
670:receptor negative allosteric modulator
309:
1576:
1137:
929:
264:
244:
3482:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
717:
696:
85:
1878:Positive modulators (abridged; see
726:"Drug May Counteract Down Syndrome"
661:List of investigational sleep drugs
600:, which is largely mediated by the
224:
155:
24:
25:
3550:
3413:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
2911:-Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
1706:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
349:
343:
49:
40:
2705:Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
1163:
752:. Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco.
724:Minkel JR (February 25, 2007).
643:in the treatment of idiopathic
430:Key:CWRVKFFCRWGWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1310:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine
984:Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
897:Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs
819:
792:
756:
742:
699:American Journal of Psychiatry
690:
337:
13:
1:
3464:Receptor/signaling modulators
2619:Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
909:10.1080/21678707.2018.1521267
840:10.1016/S0149-7634(02)00010-6
684:
3534:Wakefulness-promoting agents
3475:receptor positive modulators
1983:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
1320:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
778:10.1016/0024-3205(84)90159-0
532:
519:Food and Drug Administration
7:
654:
641:wakefulness-promoting agent
579:
10:
3555:
2674:Nonsteroidal antiandrogens
327:Chemical and physical data
3455:
3158:
2841:
1625:
1616:
1537:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
1509:
1480:
1436:
1397:
1333:
1171:
1082:
1058:
992:
969:
515:electroconvulsive therapy
438:
413:
393:
371:
358:
331:
326:
307:
275:
255:
235:
215:
195:
175:
150:
130:
102:
97:
72:
62:
57:
48:
39:
2223:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
1344:3-Mercaptopropionic acid
801:Acta Biologica Hungarica
598:discriminative stimulus
3102:5α-Dihydroprogesterone
2649:Morphine-3-glucuronide
2309:Hyenachin (mellitoxin)
2194:Retigabine (ezogabine)
1547:Methionine sulfoximine
1102:elexacaftor/tezacaftor
993:Respiratory stimulants
750:"Cardiazol-Paracodina"
631:L-type calcium channel
483:pentamethylenetetrazol
2490:Chlorophenylsilatrane
1210:Chlorophenylsilatrane
979:Colfosceril palmitate
3440:Negative modulators:
3320:Positive modulators:
3213:Arbaclofen placarbil
3099:Negative modulators:
2948:Positive modulators:
2733:Pregnenolone sulfate
2369:17-Phenylandrostenol
2351:Negative modulators:
2236:constituents (e.g.,
2206:constituents (e.g.,
2068:Neuroactive steroids
2045:constituents (e.g.,
1781:Neuroactive steroids
1552:Methyl fluoroacetate
1401:receptor antagonists
1337:synthesis inhibitors
711:10.1176/ajp.97.3.667
553:binding site on the
539:mechanisms of action
114:6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5
3029:Gabazine (SR-95531)
3019:CGP-36742 (SGS-742)
2727:dihydropicrotoxinin
2452:Bicyclic phosphates
2364:11-Ketoprogesterone
2299:Gabazine (SR-95531)
2124:pyrazolopyrimidines
1230:Dihydropicrotoxinin
1187:Bicyclic phosphates
730:Scientific American
36:
3519:Respiratory agents
2550:FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
2096:Nonbenzodiazepines
1384:Thiocarbohydrazide
958:respiratory system
679:receptor § Ligands
586:status epilepticus
507:Ladislas J. Meduna
463:pentylenetetrazole
32:
18:Pentylenetetrazole
3491:
3490:
3451:
3450:
3373:2-Hydroxysaclofen
3154:
3153:
3044:Isonipecotic acid
2409:Anabolic steroids
2379:α5IA (LS-193,268)
2289:Dihydrosecurinine
2174:Pyrazolopyridines
1943:potassium bromide
1941:compounds (e.g.,
1904:Anabolic steroids
1882:for a full list):
1736:Isonipecotic acid
1570:
1569:
1472:Tetrazolylglycine
1440:receptor agonists
1349:4-Deoxypyridoxine
1275:Pentylenetetrazol
1131:
1130:
772:(14): 1439–1444.
527:cough suppressant
459:Pentylenetetrazol
456:
455:
384:Interactive image
277:CompTox Dashboard
34:Pentylenetetrazol
27:Chemical compound
16:(Redirected from
3546:
3198:4-Fluorophenibut
3178:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3034:Gaboxadol (THIP)
2951:Allopregnanolone
2853:
2849:
2584:Fluoroquinolones
2339:Thiocolchicoside
2159:Piperidinediones
2116:imidazopyridines
2072:allopregnanolone
1979:Dihydroergolines
1894:drinking alcohol
1785:allopregnanolone
1701:Gaboxadol (THIP)
1636:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1606:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1557:Nitrocyclohexane
1158:
1151:
1144:
1135:
1134:
971:Lung surfactants
950:
943:
936:
927:
926:
921:
920:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
866:
860:
859:
823:
817:
816:
807:(3–4): 349–361.
796:
790:
789:
760:
754:
753:
746:
740:
739:
737:
736:
721:
715:
714:
694:
568:, are effective
549:affinity to the
461:, also known as
452:
451:
444:
386:
366:
351:
345:
339:
322:
311:
300:
299:
285:
283:
268:
248:
228:
208:
188:
168:
158:
157:
143:
89:
68:Metrazol, others
53:
44:
37:
35:
31:
21:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3539:Withdrawn drugs
3504:Antidepressants
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3474:
3447:
3176:
3173:
3150:
2878:Homohypotaurine
2851:
2847:
2837:
2710:Phenylsilatrane
2252:chloral hydrate
2219:Sulfonylalkanes
2108:cyclopyrrolones
1929:Benzodiazepines
1681:Dihydromuscimol
1634:
1631:
1612:
1601:
1571:
1566:
1505:
1476:
1467:Quisqualic acid
1432:
1393:
1329:
1280:Phenylsilatrane
1167:
1162:
1132:
1127:
1078:
1054:
988:
965:
954:
924:
903:(10): 597–610.
893:
889:
879:
877:
868:
867:
863:
824:
820:
797:
793:
761:
757:
748:
747:
743:
734:
732:
722:
718:
695:
691:
687:
678:
669:
657:
619:
612:
605:
582:
570:anticonvulsants
555:GABA-A receptor
535:
447:
445:
442:(what is this?)
439:
434:
431:
426:
421:
420:
409:
406:
401:
400:
389:
364:
354:
348:
342:
303:
279:
271:
251:
231:
211:
191:
171:
154:
146:
126:
123:
118:-tetrazolo(1,5-
110:
109:
93:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3552:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3472:
3467:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:Sodium oxybate
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3188:1,4-Butanediol
3181:
3179:
3171:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2856:
2854:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2562:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2432:cephalosporins
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2241:
2238:valerenic acid
2231:
2226:
2216:
2211:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2184:Quinazolinones
2181:
2171:
2166:
2156:
2151:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2040:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2006:
2003:mefenamic acid
1996:
1991:
1986:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1946:
1936:
1926:
1916:
1906:
1901:
1887:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1653:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1629:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1389:Toxopyrimidine
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1060:5-HT4 receptor
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
989:
987:
986:
981:
975:
973:
967:
966:
953:
952:
945:
938:
930:
923:
922:
887:
876:. 28 June 2020
861:
834:(4): 429–439.
818:
791:
755:
741:
716:
688:
686:
683:
682:
681:
676:
672:
667:
663:
656:
653:
617:
610:
603:
581:
578:
534:
531:
454:
453:
436:
435:
433:
432:
429:
427:
424:
416:
415:
414:
411:
410:
408:
407:
405:C1CCc2nnnn2CC1
404:
396:
395:
394:
391:
390:
388:
387:
379:
377:
369:
368:
362:
356:
355:
352:
346:
340:
335:
329:
328:
324:
323:
313:
305:
304:
302:
301:
288:
286:
273:
272:
270:
269:
261:
259:
253:
252:
250:
249:
241:
239:
233:
232:
230:
229:
221:
219:
213:
212:
210:
209:
201:
199:
193:
192:
190:
189:
181:
179:
173:
172:
170:
169:
161:
159:
148:
147:
145:
144:
136:
134:
128:
127:
125:
124:
113:
105:
104:
103:
100:
99:
95:
94:
92:
91:
78:
76:
70:
69:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3551:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3203:Aceburic acid
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Ibotenic acid
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Propybicyphat
2736:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:Oenanthotoxin
2698:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2609:Iomazenil (I)
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:ciprofloxacin
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2569:amentoflavone
2566:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:Cyclothiazide
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Famiraprinium
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:diethyl ether
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Norfluoxetine
2132:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:Clomethiazole
1972:
1970:
1969:Chlormezanone
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Carbamazepine
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1923:phenobarbital
1920:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Quisqualamine
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:Methylglyoxal
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Ibotenic acid
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1660:phenobarbital
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:Oenanthotoxin
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:GABA receptor
1170:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
991:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
972:
968:
963:
959:
951:
946:
944:
939:
937:
932:
931:
928:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
891:
875:
871:
865:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
822:
814:
810:
806:
802:
795:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:Life Sciences
759:
751:
745:
731:
727:
720:
712:
708:
705:(3): 667–76.
704:
700:
693:
689:
680:
673:
671:
664:
662:
659:
658:
652:
650:
646:
642:
637:
635:
632:
628:
624:
620:
613:
606:
599:
595:
591:
587:
577:
573:
571:
567:
566:phenobarbital
563:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
450:
443:
437:
428:
423:
422:
419:
412:
403:
402:
399:
392:
385:
381:
380:
378:
375:
370:
363:
361:
357:
336:
334:
330:
325:
321:
317:
314:
312:
310:ECHA InfoCard
306:
298:
294:
293:DTXSID7041091
290:
289:
287:
278:
274:
267:
263:
262:
260:
258:
254:
247:
243:
242:
240:
238:
234:
227:
223:
222:
220:
218:
214:
207:
203:
202:
200:
198:
194:
187:
183:
182:
180:
178:
174:
167:
163:
162:
160:
153:
149:
142:
138:
137:
135:
133:
129:
121:
117:
112:
111:
108:
101:
96:
88:
83:
80:
79:
77:
75:
71:
67:
65:
61:
58:Clinical data
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
3480:
3469:
3462:
3439:
3370:Antagonists:
3369:
3319:
3184:
3160:Metabotropic
3131:Pregnanolone
3125:picrotoxinin
3098:
3084:
3011:
2981:(S)-4-ACPBPA
2976:(S)-2-MeGABA
2973:Antagonists:
2972:
2947:
2936:Thiomuscimol
2908:
2859:
2723:picrotoxinin
2704:
2686:enzalutamide
2682:bicalutamide
2604:Golexanolone
2500:Cloflubicyne
2350:
2276:Antagonists:
2275:
2188:methaqualone
2163:glutethimide
2139:Petrichloral
2100:β-carbolines
1919:Barbiturates
1877:
1861:Thiomuscimol
1666:Beta-Alanine
1656:Barbiturates
1646:(+)-Catechin
1642:
1522:Bromocamphor
1483:barbiturates
1354:Allylglycine
1274:
1220:Cloflubicyne
1108:Nitric oxide
1044:
1005:Amiphenazole
900:
896:
890:
880:25 September
878:. Retrieved
873:
864:
831:
827:
821:
804:
800:
794:
769:
765:
758:
744:
733:. Retrieved
729:
719:
702:
698:
692:
638:
583:
574:
546:
542:
536:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:
446:
440:
266:ChEMBL116943
119:
115:
29:
3509:Convulsants
3443:Compound 14
3273:Lesogaberan
3112:Loreclezole
3049:Loreclezole
2986:(S)-4-ACPCA
2966:Lanthanides
2956:Alphaxolone
2898:Isoguvacine
2808:Terbequinil
2678:apalutamide
2669:Nicardipine
2629:Laudanosine
2436:carbapenems
2428:penicillins
2284:Coriamyrtin
2279:Bicuculline
2268:sevoflurane
2264:paraldehyde
2214:Stiripentol
2091:Niacinamide
2076:cholesterol
2058:Loreclezole
1953:meprobamate
1909:Avermectins
1776:Nefiracetam
1741:Kojic amine
1731:Isomuscimol
1726:Isoguvacine
1481:Convulsant
1457:Kainic acid
1452:Domoic acid
1408:Coriamyrtin
1379:Pentaborane
1369:Ginkgotoxin
1225:Coriamyrtin
1182:Bicuculline
1175:antagonists
1165:Convulsants
1050:Prethcamide
1045:Pentetrazol
1040:Nikethamide
874:AdisInsight
645:hypersomnia
503:convulsions
475:pentetrazol
367: g·mol
316:100.000.200
246:CHEBI:34910
98:Identifiers
64:Trade names
3529:Tetrazoles
3524:Stimulants
3498:Categories
3298:SKF-97,541
3208:Arbaclofen
3117:Picrotoxin
3107:Bilobalide
2783:Suritozole
2773:Sarmazenil
2758:Ro 19-4603
2753:Ro 15-4513
2748:Radequinil
2715:Picrotoxin
2694:nilutamide
2664:Naltrexone
2599:Furosemide
2579:Flumazenil
2573:oroxylin A
2565:Flavonoids
2545:Etbicyphat
2475:Bilobalide
2442:Basmisanil
2329:Sinomenine
2324:Securinine
2319:Pitrazepin
2304:Hydrastine
2256:chloroform
2229:Topiramate
2169:Propanidid
2033:Imidazoles
2028:Flupirtine
2023:Fluoxetine
2017:hispidulin
2009:Flavonoids
1964:Chloralose
1949:Carbamates
1913:ivermectin
1851:Terpenoids
1796:PF-6372865
1651:Bamaluzole
1618:Ionotropic
1610:modulators
1423:Strychnine
1418:Picrotoxin
1413:Dendrobine
1364:Decaborane
1295:p-NCS-TBOB
1285:Picrotoxin
1245:Endosulfan
1098:tezacaftor
1094:lumacaftor
960:products (
735:2007-03-20
685:References
649:narcolepsy
590:anxiogenic
551:picrotoxin
372:3D model (
360:Molar mass
206:WM5Z385K7T
177:ChemSpider
132:CAS Number
107:IUPAC name
3433:SKF-97541
3428:SCH-50911
3418:Phaclofen
3403:CGP-64213
3398:CGP-55845
3393:CGP-54626
3388:CGP-52432
3383:CGP-46381
3378:CGP-35348
3348:CGP-13501
3323:ADX-71441
3308:Tolgabide
3288:Progabide
3283:Picamilon
3268:Isovaline
3185:Agonists:
3087:-3-ACPBPA
3064:SKF-97541
3014:-3-ACPBPA
2941:Tolgabide
2921:Progabide
2916:Picamilon
2860:Agonists:
2768:RO4938581
2763:RO4882224
2690:flutamide
2624:L-655,708
2594:Flurothyl
2495:Cicutoxin
2480:Bupropion
2447:Bemegride
2424:β-Lactams
2414:Amiloride
2244:Volatiles
2178:etazolate
2154:Phenytoin
2112:zopiclone
2104:abecarnil
2063:Monastrol
2053:Lanthanum
2037:etomidate
1999:Fenamates
1994:Etifoxine
1989:Etazepine
1866:Tolgabide
1816:Progabide
1806:Picamilon
1791:Org 20599
1766:Monastrol
1746:L-838,417
1643:Agonists:
1438:Glutamate
1374:Isoniazid
1359:Crimidine
1290:p-CN-TBOB
1260:Flurothyl
1215:Cicutoxin
1090:Ivacaftor
1074:Zacopride
1035:Mepixanox
1015:Dimefline
1010:Bemegride
1000:Almitrine
917:2167-8707
559:sedatives
533:Mechanism
495:Deumacard
491:Cardiazol
3459:See also
3423:Saclofen
3358:rac-BHFF
3353:GS-39783
3343:CGP-7930
3303:SL 75102
3278:Phenibut
3233:Gabamide
3218:Baclofen
3121:picrotin
3074:SR-95813
3069:SR-95318
2991:2-MeTACA
2903:Muscimol
2833:ZK-93426
2803:TCS-1105
2788:TB-21007
2719:picrotin
2659:Naloxone
2644:Morphine
2639:MaxiPost
2559:fipronil
2555:Fiproles
2525:(+)-DMBB
2520:Dieldrin
2419:Anisatin
2334:SR-42641
2234:Valerian
2208:baicalin
2204:Skullcap
2148:propofol
2128:zaleplon
2120:zolpidem
2013:apigenin
1933:diazepam
1890:Alcohols
1831:SL-75102
1821:Propofol
1801:Phenibut
1771:Muscimol
1755:honokiol
1721:iso-THIP
1716:iso-THAZ
1691:Gabamide
1607:receptor
1562:Thebaine
1265:Gabazine
1255:Fipronil
1113:BW373U86
1062:agonists
1025:Etamivan
1020:Doxapram
856:26055062
848:12204190
655:See also
580:Research
562:diazepam
547:in vitro
511:seizures
471:metrazol
467:leptazol
449:(verify)
122:)azepine
74:ATC code
3328:BHF-177
3313:Tolibut
3223:BL-1020
3136:ROD-188
3001:4-ACPAM
2996:3-APMPA
2863:BL-1020
2823:U-93631
2818:Thujone
2743:PWZ-029
2717:(i.e.,
2676:(e.g.,
2654:MRK-016
2634:Lindane
2586:(e.g.,
2567:(e.g.,
2557:(e.g.,
2426:(e.g.,
2404:β-EMGBL
2314:PHP-501
2250:(e.g.,
2221:(e.g.,
2199:ROD-188
2186:(e.g.,
2176:(e.g.,
2161:(e.g.,
2146:(e.g.,
2144:Phenols
2126:(e.g.,
2118:(e.g.,
2110:(e.g.,
2102:(e.g.,
2098:(e.g.,
2070:(e.g.,
2035:(e.g.,
2011:(e.g.,
2001:(e.g.,
1981:(e.g.,
1951:(e.g.,
1939:Bromide
1931:(e.g.,
1921:(e.g.,
1911:(e.g.,
1892:(e.g.,
1885:α-EMTBL
1855:borneol
1853:(e.g.,
1836:Taurine
1783:(e.g.,
1753:(e.g.,
1751:Lignans
1671:BL-1020
1658:(e.g.,
1542:MC-2973
1527:Camphor
1501:McN-481
1399:Glycine
1315:Thujone
1250:FG-7142
1030:GAL-021
813:3503442
786:6090836
634:ligands
627:glycine
594:anxiety
543:in vivo
523:codeine
487:Corazol
365:138.174
333:Formula
152:PubChem
141:54-95-5
90:)
84: (
82:R07AB03
3363:KK-92A
3193:3-APPA
2961:ATHDOC
2515:DHEA-S
2354:1,3M1B
2086:Niacin
2047:kavain
1123:CX-717
1118:CX-546
1069:BIMU-8
956:Other
915:
854:
846:
811:
784:
629:, and
529:drug.
398:SMILES
257:ChEMBL
226:D07409
3253:GHBAL
3238:GABOB
3141:THDOC
3085:trans
3079:TPMPA
3054:P4MPA
3006:4-GBA
2888:GABOB
2614:IPTBO
2464:IPTBO
2399:β-CCP
2394:β-CCM
2389:β-CCE
2384:β-CCB
2344:Tutin
2248:gases
2080:THDOC
1696:GABOB
1532:FAZ-4
1510:Other
1428:Tutin
1325:Tutin
1199:IPTBO
852:S2CID
525:in a
497:, or
418:InChI
374:JSmol
237:ChEBI
3471:GABA
3408:DAVA
3338:BSPP
3333:BHFF
3228:GABA
3170:GABA
3146:Zinc
3092:ZAPA
3039:I4AA
3024:DAVA
2931:TAMP
2926:TACA
2883:GABA
2873:CAMP
2868:CACA
2844:GABA
2828:Zinc
2813:TETS
2798:TBPS
2793:TBOB
2725:and
2540:EBOB
2535:DMPC
2530:DMCM
2510:DHEA
2485:CHEB
2470:BIDN
2460:TBPO
2456:TBPS
2374:α3IA
2359:3M2B
2043:Kava
1898:2M2B
1880:here
1871:ZAPA
1846:TAMP
1841:TACA
1686:GABA
1676:DAVA
1628:GABA
1605:GABA
1496:DMBB
1491:CHEB
1462:NMDA
1447:AMPA
1335:GABA
1305:TBOB
1240:EBOB
1235:DMCM
1205:BIDN
1195:TBPO
1191:TBPS
1100:, +
1096:, +
913:ISSN
882:2024
844:PMID
809:PMID
782:PMID
675:GABA
666:GABA
647:and
623:NMDA
616:5-HT
609:5-HT
602:GABA
564:and
217:KEGG
197:UNII
186:5704
166:5917
3263:GVL
3258:GHV
3248:GHB
3243:GBL
3059:P4S
3012:cis
2778:SCS
2122:),
2114:),
2106:),
1811:P4S
1300:RDX
1092:(+
962:R07
905:doi
836:doi
774:doi
707:doi
499:PTZ
481:),
479:INN
282:EPA
156:CID
87:WHO
3500::
3123:,
2848:-ρ
2721:,
2692:,
2688:,
2684:,
2680:,
2571:,
2462:,
2458:,
2434:,
2430:,
2266:,
2262:,
2258:,
2254:,
2130:))
2078:,
2074:,
2015:,
1896:,
1197:,
1193:,
911:.
899:.
872:.
850:.
842:.
832:26
830:.
805:38
803:.
780:.
770:35
768:.
728:.
703:97
701:.
651:.
636:.
625:,
621:,
614:,
611:1A
493:,
489:,
485:,
473:,
469:,
465:,
347:10
3473:A
3172:B
3127:)
3119:(
2909:N
2846:A
2729:)
2696:)
2590:)
2575:)
2561:)
2466:)
2454:(
2438:)
2270:)
2246:/
2240:)
2225:)
2210:)
2190:)
2180:)
2165:)
2150:)
2082:)
2049:)
2039:)
2019:)
2005:)
1985:)
1955:)
1945:)
1935:)
1925:)
1915:)
1900:)
1857:)
1787:)
1757:)
1662:)
1630:A
1596:e
1589:t
1582:v
1201:)
1189:(
1157:e
1150:t
1143:v
1104:)
964:)
949:e
942:t
935:v
919:.
907::
901:6
884:.
858:.
838::
815:.
788:.
776::
738:.
713:.
709::
677:A
668:A
618:3
604:A
477:(
376:)
353:4
350:N
344:H
341:6
338:C
284:)
280:(
120:a
116:H
20:)
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