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2655:(Maraj's sister) as Speaker of the House of Representatives. The party also suffered a loss of support with the death Minister of Public Utilities, Morris Marshall, a favourite of the party grassroots. Attempting to halt the decline in party support Manning called an early "snap election" in 1995 . Many party front-benchers did not seek reelection including Finance Minister
3596:
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4431:
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3647:
3553:
3464:
3380:
3355:
3290:
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3138:
8696:
2683:
appointed
Manning as Prime Minister on the basis of "moral and spiritual grounds". (In Trinidad and Tobago's elections, the number of seats needed to occupy the lower house is really the best indicator of whether or not a party would win elections). Unable to elect a Speaker, Manning advised the
2674:
also won 17 seats and formed a coalition government with the
National Alliance for Reconstruction which had won the remaining two seats. The PNM was further weakened when two MPs resigned from the party and threw their support behind the UNC government. This led to numerous calls for Manning to
2646:
The PNM was returned to power in the 1991 elections after the NAR self-destructed. In the 1991 election it won 21 of 36 seats with 45% of the vote. However, in the latter half of that term the party became unstable. It lost one seat in a by-election and another when Ralph Maraj defected to the
2675:
resign the party leadership, and for calls for
Mottley to replace him. Manning declined to resign and Mottley appeared to have taken a sabbatical from politics. When leadership elections were held in 1997 Manning was challenged by Keith Rowley. Manning was returned as Political Leader.
7469:
2446:
When Eric
Williams returned to Trinidad in 1948 he set about developing a political base. Between 1948 and 1955 he delivered a series of political lectures, under the auspices of the Political Education Movement (PEM) a branch of the Teachers Education and Cultural Association.
8409:
Birdsall, Nancy; Deosaran, Ramesh; Tincani, Amos; Suárez, Elena M.; Bloomfield, Richard J.; Rajapatirana, Sarath; Serbin, Andrés; Henrikson, Alan K.; Skeete, Charles A. T.; Ross-Brewster, Havelock R. H.; Walch, Karen S.; Bloomfield, Steven B.; Meins, Bertus J. (January 1996).
2547:
In 1973, the PNM faced a major crisis. On 28 September
Williams announced that he would not stand for re-election. This led to a race to succeed him as Political Leader of the party. By 18 November 250 of 476 registered party groups had submitted nominations, 224 of them for
9922:
2678:
In 2000 the PNM suffered another defeat, winning 16 of 36 seats with 46% of the vote. Another election was held in 2001 which resulted in a tie with both the PNM and UNC winning 18 seats, the PNM with 46% of the electoral vote and the UNC with 50%. However
President
2459:
with 38.7% of the votes cast. In order to secure an outright majority in the
Legislative Council Williams managed to convince the Secretary of State for the Colonies to allow him to name the five appointed members of the council (despite the opposition of the
2532:
citing the use of voting machines. The PNM captured all 36 seats in the election, including eight that they carried unopposed. Additionally, Williams split the post of Deputy Leader into three and appointed
Kamaluddin Mohammed, Errol Mahabir and
9891:
8756:
8937:
2521:. By 22 April, the mutineers had begun negotiations for surrender. Following this certain ministers were forced to resign including John O'Halloran, Minister of Industry and Gerard Montano, Minister of Home Affairs.
3130:
3318:
3223:
8567:
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8348:
7400:
9917:
9912:
9686:
9674:
9670:
7251:
4097:
3989:
3730:
131:
3188:
439:
3588:
3373:
9334:
8115:
7946:
8214:
3283:
7673:
7556:
7788:
7711:
9006:
7970:
7821:
2566:
On 29 March 1981, Eric
Williams died. Williams had maintained an iron grip over the party and forced all potential rivals out of the party. In the absence of a clear successor, President
1687:
2563:
In 1976 the PNM won 24 of 36 seats with 54% of the vote. In March 1978, Hector McClean, Minister of Works, resigned from the party and government and declared himself an independent MP.
404:
322:
9937:
2575:
8507:
3922:
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7889:
7750:
7361:
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8752:
2390:
418:
390:
376:
2555:
and 26 for
Minister of Health, Kamaluddin Mohammed. Williams announced on 2 December that he would return as Political Leader and Hudson-Phillips was forced out of the party.
8929:
4383:
2330:
2184:
serving as the nation's governing party or on four occasions, the main opposition. It is one out of the country's two main political parties. There have been four PNM
9191:
8753:"Report on the Election of Members to the Federal House of Representatives from the Territory of T&T 1958 (25th March 1958) | Elections And Boundaries Commission"
8240:
7631:
7514:
8559:
2498:
the PNM won 20 of 30 seats with 58% of the vote. With the collapse of the West Indian Federation, the PNM led Trinidad and Tobago to independence on 31 August 1962.
7997:
7848:
2467:). This gave him a clear majority in the Legislative Council. Williams was thus elected Chief Minister and was also able to get all seven of his ministers elected.
9522:
8427:
8338:
7384:
3063:
9886:
9620:
7246:
3003:
8387:
10391:
8846:
2505:
the PNM won 24 of 36 seats, with 52% of the vote. However, economic and social discontent grew under PNM rule. This came to a climax in April 1970 with the
8680:
8537:
8034:
10361:
10207:
10110:
9952:
9549:
9326:
8149:
8099:
7930:
7083:
7029:
6978:
6927:
6876:
6484:
4419:
4377:
4092:
3767:
3752:
3746:
2724:
2424:
2420:
1451:
327:
20:
9967:
8198:
10500:
10381:
10371:
10356:
9364:
8657:
8627:
10515:
7657:
7540:
9304:
9975:
7772:
7695:
5984:
5922:
5860:
5813:
5766:
5719:
5668:
5402:
4356:
3444:
2416:
471:
8175:
10246:
10236:
10144:
7430:
7146:
5621:
4436:
4004:
3937:
3246:
2579:
2402:
2262:
348:
8990:
8597:
7962:
7813:
7586:
7323:
10510:
9983:
9945:
9791:
7092:
3456:
3348:
3256:
2759:
2751:
2541:
2479:
2382:
2185:
153:
8449:
10376:
10286:
7345:
2483:
1476:
1446:
8816:
10331:
10157:
9274:
8082:
7913:
2257:, but a split in the UNC forced new elections in 2001. These elections resulted in an 18–18 tie between the PNM and the UNC, and President
2151:
1528:
2471:
10271:
9825:
9515:
8050:
7881:
7453:
2265:, but won an outright majority in new elections held in 2002 and again in 2007, before losing power in 2010. It returned to power in the
8022:
7873:
7734:
2456:
8968:
2318:. The PNM has its strongest support in cities and urban areas. It was also historically supported by different minorities such as the
10505:
10411:
8786:
7271:
5315:
5261:
5210:
5161:
5112:
5064:
5015:
4960:
4906:
4855:
4801:
4752:
4703:
4654:
4605:
4561:
4474:
3037:
3016:
3012:
2968:
2964:
2945:
2941:
2920:
2916:
2897:
2893:
2853:
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2701:
2697:
2685:
2663:
2583:
2525:
2502:
2495:
2452:
2370:
2278:
2274:
2266:
2254:
2234:
2226:
2181:
1481:
601:
10346:
1871:
19:
This article is about the People's National Movement nationally. For the Tobagonian branch of the People's National Movement, see
10446:
10341:
10296:
10187:
10162:
8906:
8457:
1461:
2180:. The party has dominated national and local politics for much of Trinidad and Tobago's history, contesting all elections since
10276:
10261:
9508:
9423:
9217:
9037:
8727:
7038:
6987:
6936:
6472:
3885:
3845:
3071:
The deputy political leaders of the People's National Movement have been as follows (any acting leaders indicated in italics):
3025:
1950:
38:
8876:
10217:
9449:
9390:
8690:
8314:
8250:
8208:
8109:
7940:
7782:
7705:
7667:
7550:
7463:
7394:
7355:
3059:
2632:
2617:
1995:
1789:
1568:
163:
27:
9183:
6885:
6831:
6781:
6731:
6671:
6610:
6559:
3841:
3060:
2513:
resigned from the party and government. On 20 April, facing a revolt by a portion of the Army in collusion with the growing
10525:
10474:
10321:
9812:
9807:
7612:
7495:
6822:
6772:
5006:
4897:
2977:
2929:
2742:
2590:
2338:
2238:
1821:
1682:
1630:
1625:
2651:. The issue that led Maraj to defect was the declaration of a limited State of Emergency which sole purpose was to remove
10306:
7986:
7837:
1938:
1650:
1501:
1103:
2712:
The political leaders of the People's National Movement have been as follows (any acting leaders indicated in italics):
10426:
10351:
10336:
7625:
7508:
5477:
5394:
2570:
was left to choose the new Prime Minister from among the three Deputy Political Leaders of the party. Clarke appointed
2319:
1861:
1759:
1707:
1645:
1640:
1578:
31:
9104:
8411:
10182:
8421:
8381:
7744:
7290:
3061:
2295:
1866:
1491:
1246:
3058:
2451:
is one of the locations at which such lectures were delivered. On 15 January 1956 Williams launched the PNM. In the
10456:
10326:
9778:
9134:
9060:
8371:
6411:
6358:
6306:
6253:
6195:
6142:
6090:
6037:
5539:
5484:
5390:
4361:
2475:
2412:
2394:
2246:
2144:
1901:
476:
301:
2540:
In 1972, J. R. F. Richardson crossed the floor and declared himself an Independent. He was subsequently appointed
10520:
10479:
10316:
10256:
10241:
10116:
8838:
7188:
4451:
4351:
3776:
2639:
When Manning became leader he promised a "new PNM" and purposely ignored the discredited old guard. He appointed
2366:
2323:
2173:
1928:
833:
466:
9247:
8529:
8030:
2442:, the first Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1962–1981) and first leader of the People's National Movement
10436:
1296:
865:
8141:
1774:
1754:
334:
9356:
1809:
10366:
10291:
10212:
10009:
8649:
8619:
8478:
2386:
262:
142:
10149:
9296:
8589:
7578:
7315:
2350:
2137:
1799:
1376:
843:
737:
5534:
4469:
1266:
10441:
10386:
10281:
8171:
7205:
6722:
6662:
6601:
2582:. Chambers was subsequently elected as Political Leader of the PNM and led the party to victory in the
2218:
1851:
1516:
1301:
983:
828:
7422:
10451:
10266:
9701:
8808:
4056:
3695:
3531:
3120:
1962:
1856:
1466:
1256:
936:
922:
92:
6507:
5564:
5425:
4499:
10101:
10090:
10058:
10024:
9998:
9665:
9494:
9488:
9482:
7097:
6480:
5002:
4373:
4334:
3906:
3704:
2733:
2667:
2648:
2398:
2334:
2250:
1749:
1734:
1600:
1496:
747:
554:
362:
1351:
1236:
10311:
7452:
Gilmore, John T.; Allen, Beryl; McCallum, Dian; Ramdeen, Romila; Kerr, Ricardo (26 August 2019).
5252:
2054:
1933:
1876:
1764:
1729:
1588:
1543:
1456:
1291:
681:
646:
527:
9270:
8074:
7905:
1133:
10122:
10030:
5398:
4068:
2506:
1967:
1943:
1911:
1881:
1846:
1841:
1816:
1677:
1595:
1471:
1441:
666:
8560:"The new government of Trinidad and Tobago is set to roll out a new national insurance system"
3912:
3721:
2597:. The PNM won three of 36 seats, with 32% of the vote. Chambers resigned and was succeeded by
2281:, they won the popular vote and a majority in the House of Representatives, winning 22 seats.
10416:
6467:
2358:
2088:
2010:
1985:
1957:
1916:
1896:
1886:
1831:
1769:
1744:
1660:
1655:
1620:
1605:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1533:
1486:
1381:
1356:
1346:
1251:
1083:
1068:
968:
910:
59:
1226:
10421:
10396:
10301:
9157:
8296:
2552:
2409:
2378:
2215:
2212:
2197:
2076:
1891:
1836:
1826:
1804:
1784:
1779:
1739:
1724:
1702:
1665:
1615:
1573:
1563:
1523:
1043:
1008:
917:
870:
715:
589:
584:
579:
522:
291:
9327:"His Excellency Orville London, High Commissioner for the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago"
8960:
8778:
8270:
7659:
The quest for security in the Caribbean : problems and promises in subordinate states
7542:
The quest for security in the Caribbean : problems and promises in subordinate states
1033:
507:
8:
10431:
10406:
9970:
8499:
2389:. The party has 72 out of the 139 local councillors and is in control of seven of the 14
2374:
2354:
2346:
2329:
The PNM's signature policies and legislative decisions include independence, writing the
2299:
2229:
and went on to hold power for an unbroken 30 years. After the death of Williams in 1981,
2177:
2071:
1719:
1692:
1635:
1583:
1366:
1138:
1078:
1028:
801:
720:
661:
594:
564:
559:
532:
491:
209:
9078:
2696:
On 9 September 2015, Keith Rowley was sworn in as the new Prime Minister, following the
438:
8320:
8051:"Economic Outline of Trinidad and Tobago - Bank of Scotland International Trade Portal"
7882:"Economic Outline of Trinidad and Tobago - Bank of Scotland International Trade Portal"
2518:
2342:
1794:
1697:
1610:
1406:
1341:
1241:
796:
776:
613:
282:
9500:
8898:
3595:
3484:
3421:
1058:
10401:
9706:
9213:
9029:
8998:
8686:
8417:
8377:
8324:
8310:
8246:
8204:
8105:
8016:
7936:
7867:
7778:
7740:
7701:
7663:
7621:
7546:
7504:
7459:
7390:
7351:
7233:
3751:
The deputy political leaders who additionally served as the political leaders of the
3178:
2680:
2594:
2510:
2290:) and the Party's political headquarters is known as the "Balisier House" located in
2258:
2113:
1386:
1143:
1073:
1048:
1038:
1018:
838:
725:
656:
618:
271:
9415:
8719:
8682:
Eric Williams and the Anticolonial Tradition: The Making of a Diasporan Intellectual
4430:
3980:
3646:
3552:
3463:
3379:
3354:
3289:
3263:
3137:
8868:
8302:
4382:
Tobago has its own PNM party with separate memberships, constituency associations,
2549:
2529:
2448:
2029:
2022:
1361:
1311:
1276:
1221:
1128:
1113:
1088:
1023:
993:
860:
811:
786:
769:
764:
698:
623:
549:
537:
9445:
9386:
6503:
5560:
5421:
4495:
2261:
appointed Manning as Prime Minister. Manning was unable to elect a Speaker of the
1281:
10469:
9727:
9711:
9605:
9597:
8101:
Women of Power: Half a Century of Female Presidents and Prime Ministers Worldwide
7932:
Women of Power: Half a Century of Female Presidents and Prime Ministers Worldwide
7608:
7491:
7219:
6676:
6615:
5927:
5865:
4911:
4806:
4145:
3398:
3341:
3215:
2871:
2827:
2656:
2640:
2613:
2598:
2571:
2534:
2286:
2242:
2230:
2125:
1421:
1411:
1396:
1316:
1306:
1286:
1178:
1158:
1118:
1093:
1003:
897:
885:
875:
816:
676:
671:
542:
236:
102:
7291:"Red and Rowley takes early lead in PNM elections - Trinidad and Tobago Newsday"
2326:(other than Presbyterian Indians), and Muslims of any ethnicity of the country.
2478:), it won four of the 10 Trinidad and Tobago seats with 47.4% of the vote. The
2464:
2362:
2245:, the party returned to power in 1991 following the 1990 attempted coup by the
2093:
2066:
2061:
2034:
1990:
1336:
1271:
1123:
1098:
1063:
1013:
953:
880:
781:
742:
732:
606:
574:
8306:
3195:
2704:, leading to the incumbent Prime Minister Keith Rowley serving a second term.
2688:
were held in which the PNM won 50.7% of popular votes and 20 out of 36 seats.
1326:
1148:
10494:
9589:
9569:
9002:
8343:
6564:
5626:
5492:
4566:
3169:
2786:
2671:
2652:
2439:
2291:
2208:
2204:
2049:
1371:
1331:
1261:
1231:
1198:
1193:
1173:
1053:
978:
890:
753:
569:
205:
174:
8373:
Size and Survival: The Politics of Security in the Caribbean and the Pacific
3230:
2833:
10251:
9722:
9614:
9096:
6200:
5266:
4044:
3869:
3825:
3793:
3785:
3683:
3626:
3519:
3308:
2988:
2628:
2567:
2270:
2083:
1416:
1391:
1321:
1168:
998:
988:
791:
158:
80:
75:
2792:
2435:
2277:, winning 51.7 percent of the popular vote and 23 of the 41 seats. In the
9632:
7252:
2020 Tobago Council of the People's National Movement leadership election
4130:
4118:
4106:
4087:
2620:(1991–1995; 2001–2010) and third leader of the People's National Movement
2514:
1401:
1203:
1188:
1163:
958:
943:
850:
703:
651:
275:
114:
109:
87:
9126:
8479:
https://kellogg.nd.edu/sites/default/files/old_files/documents/224_0.pdf
7386:
Cricket: A Political History of the Global Game, 1945-2017: 1945 to 2012
7213:
2700:
victory of the PNM. In August 2020, the governing PNM won the following
2589:
It subsequently held on to power until 1986 when it was defeated by the
2120:
10069:
2877:
2609:
2189:
2039:
2005:
2000:
1670:
1183:
973:
948:
855:
708:
688:
499:
267:
226:
9239:
6502:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
5559:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
5420:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
4494:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
2528:
the PNM faced only limited opposition as the major opposition parties
8200:
Caribbean Integration from Crisis to Transformation and Repositioning
7227:
3655:
3560:
3430:
2108:
1906:
1108:
628:
8142:"Labour leader Jacinda Ardern not the only one wanting to 'do this'"
4317:
3066:
2461:
2193:
2044:
2017:
1921:
1712:
963:
806:
443:
287:
9579:
9559:
8991:"World News Briefs; Trinidad House Speaker Put Under House Arrest"
4039:
2635:(2015–present) and fourth leader of the People's National Movement
2509:. On 13 April, PNM Deputy Leader and Minister of External Affairs
2643:, Keith Rowley and Augustus Ramrekersingh as his deputy leaders.
2427:. As of September 2018, the PNM has 100,000+ registered members.
2408:
Despite not being a socialist party, the PNM was a member of the
2303:
2222:
1153:
759:
693:
9642:
9446:"Publications and Reports | Elections And Boundaries Commission"
9387:"Publications and Reports | Elections And Boundaries Commission"
9184:"People's National Movement George Michael Chambers (1928-1997)"
3755:
have been as follows (any acting leaders indicated in italics):
7963:"Let's do this: Everyone else who has used Labour's new slogan"
7814:"Let's do this: Everyone else who has used Labour's new slogan"
823:
3325:
3057:
2994:
2624:
2188:
and multiple ministries. The party espouses the principles of
8408:
5521:
3617:
Minister of Community Development, Culture and Gender Affairs
3437:
Minister of Community Development, Culture and Gender Affairs
2707:
2294:. Historically, the PNM has been supported by a majority of
8612:
7451:
5538:
Red indicates seats and corporations won by the PNM in the
2397:. The party also has one out of 12 assembly members in the
9079:"Trinidad and Tobago poll: Governing party claims victory"
8489:
Horowitz, Donald L. "Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Chapter 7.
2544:. He was soon joined by another MP, Dr. Horace Charles.
2419:
from 1957 to 1962. The party includes a semi-autonomous
9530:
9214:"Flattering to Deceive | Trinidad and Tobago News Blog"
9061:"Trinidad's new prime minister, Keith Rowley, sworn in"
9475:
8839:"Caribbean Elections Biography | John R.F. Richardson"
7614:
The Aftermath of Sovereignty: West Indian Perspectives
7497:
The Aftermath of Sovereignty: West Indian Perspectives
7455:
Hodder Education Caribbean History: Freedom and Change
456:
8339:"The legacy of Indian migration to European colonies"
4021:
9410:
9408:
8075:"Trinidad and Tobago / Wirtschaftsanalysen - Coface"
7906:"Trinidad and Tobago / Wirtschaftsanalysen - Coface"
7732:
7195:
2684:
President to prorogue Parliament. On 7 October 2002
8809:"Trinidad and Tobago General Election Results 1971"
7247:
2022 People's National Movement leadership election
2455:the PNM captured 13 of the 24 elected seats in the
1452:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
8590:"Caribbean Elections | People's National Movement"
8530:"Senate passes marriage bill; Opposition abstains"
8450:"Ruling party holds its ground in local elections"
8242:Political Integration in Indian Diaspora Societies
7579:"Caribbean Elections | People's National Movement"
7316:"Caribbean Elections | People's National Movement"
2604:
2586:. The PNM won 26 of 36 seats and 52% of the vote.
9405:
7272:"Slightly better Sunday turnout for PNM election"
2666:winning 17 of 36 seats with 48% of the vote. The
10492:
10111:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
9550:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
9058:
8413:Choices and Change: Reflections on the Caribbean
8370:Payne, Anthony; Sutton, Paul (4 February 2014).
7607:
7490:
6485:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
5489:
5403:Federal Parliament of the West Indies Federation
4378:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
4318:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
3753:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
3747:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
3067:Deputy leaders of the People's National Movement
2425:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
2417:Federal Parliament of the West Indies Federation
2403:December 2021 Tobago House of Assembly elections
328:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
21:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
9097:"Party Leadership | People's National Movement"
4005:December 2021 Tobago House of Assembly election
3938:December 2021 Tobago House of Assembly election
2306:population, thus it is colloquially called the
9188:People's National Movement Trinidad and Tobago
8133:
7733:Derbyshire, J. Denis; Derbyshire, Ian (2016).
9953:
9516:
8642:
8264:
8262:
8234:
8232:
7423:"BTI 2020 Trinidad and Tobago Country Report"
2633:seventh Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
2233:led the party. The party was defeated in the
2145:
1477:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1447:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
9059:Hutchinson-Jafar, Linda (9 September 2015).
8779:"Black Power: State of Emergency Remembered"
8271:"Politics and religion in San Fernando West"
2618:fourth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
2253:(UNC). The PNM lost again to the UNC in the
9643:
8369:
8294:
6462:
4464:
3662:Minister in the Attorney General's Ministry
2691:
2172:) is the longest-serving and oldest active
9960:
9946:
9523:
9509:
9416:"Trinidad and Tobago - Political Dynamics"
8650:"PNM's .1M members ready for polls battle"
8620:"PNM ready, not the UNC, for by-elections"
8259:
8238:
8229:
7803:
7726:
7601:
6471:Red indicates seats won by the PNM in the
4473:Red indicates seats won by the PNM in the
2333:, republicanism, the establishment of the
2152:
2138:
58:
10501:1955 establishments in the British Empire
10412:Trades Union Congress and Socialist Party
6408:
6355:
6303:
6250:
6192:
6139:
6087:
6034:
5981:
5919:
5857:
5810:
5763:
5716:
5665:
5618:
5474:
4475:2020 Trinidad and Tobago general election
4305:
4278:
4251:
4241:
4231:
4221:
4211:
4201:
4191:
4181:
4171:
4161:
4151:
4139:
4127:
4115:
4103:
4084:
4074:
4062:
4050:
4036:
3740:
3614:Minister of Housing and Urban Development
2708:Leaders of the People's National Movement
2284:The party symbol is the balisier flower (
1482:International Federation of Liberal Youth
10516:Political parties in Trinidad and Tobago
10347:Organisation for National Reconstruction
9976:Political parties in Trinidad and Tobago
7655:
7538:
7484:
6466:
5533:
4468:
2623:
2608:
2474:(which the PNM contested as part of the
2434:
10447:West Indian Political Congress Movement
10163:Democratic Party of Trinidad and Tobago
9268:
8930:"Who will lead us out of the pandemic?"
8717:
8298:A History of Creole Trinidad, 1956-2010
8239:Gowricharn, Ruben (17 September 2020).
8139:
7774:Encyclopedia of world political systems
7736:Encyclopedia of World Political Systems
7697:Encyclopedia of world political systems
7347:Encyclopedia of World Political Systems
2273:where it had its best result since the
1462:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
10493:
10277:Communist Party of Trinidad and Tobago
10176:National Organization of We the People
9127:"History | People's National Movement"
9009:from the original on 21 September 2020
8759:from the original on 29 September 2020
8678:
8500:"PNM - The People's National Movement"
8268:
8021:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
7872:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
7289:Clyne, Kalifa Sarah (1 October 2018).
6473:2017 Tobago House of Assembly election
16:Political party in Trinidad and Tobago
10511:Political parties established in 1955
10179:National Coalition for Transformation
9941:
9900:
9768:
9504:
9452:from the original on 23 December 2019
9271:"Women Power In T & T's Politics"
9181:
8958:
8927:
8747:
8745:
8351:from the original on 1 September 2017
8097:
7928:
7364:from the original on 25 February 2022
7288:
7269:
6519:
5576:
5440:
5437:
4511:
4394:
4391:
3679:AM for Black Rock/Whim/Spring Garden
3301:
10322:National Alliance for Reconstruction
10167:Trinidad and Tobago Democratic Front
9426:from the original on 3 November 2016
9307:from the original on 12 January 2020
9277:from the original on 27 January 2020
9250:from the original on 24 January 2020
9137:from the original on 19 October 2020
9107:from the original on 25 January 2021
9040:from the original on 23 January 2016
9027:
8789:from the original on 4 November 2019
8730:from the original on 2 December 2020
8660:from the original on 27 January 2021
8630:from the original on 27 January 2021
8570:from the original on 25 January 2021
8540:from the original on 30 October 2020
8196:
8178:from the original on 23 October 2020
8085:from the original on 1 December 2020
7916:from the original on 1 December 2020
7433:from the original on 23 January 2021
7382:
6488:
5545:
5406:
4480:
4459:
2591:National Alliance for Reconstruction
2339:Public Transport Service Corporation
2239:National Alliance for Reconstruction
323:Devolved or semi-autonomous branches
10262:Caribbean People's Democratic Party
8879:from the original on 20 August 2008
8819:from the original on 11 August 2020
8718:Alleyne, George (21 October 2009).
8679:Pierre, Maurice St (5 March 2015).
8600:from the original on 13 August 2020
8416:. Inter-American Development Bank.
8152:from the original on 2 October 2019
7777:. Sharpe Reference. 15 April 2016.
7700:. Sharpe Reference. 15 April 2016.
7589:from the original on 13 August 2020
7326:from the original on 13 August 2020
7138:
4386:, offices and a political leader.
2558:
2489:
2331:Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago
1502:Liberal South East European Network
39:People's National Movement (Poland)
13:
10352:Party of Political Progress Groups
10337:National Trinidad and Tobago Party
9367:from the original on 18 April 2021
9269:Boodram, Annan (6 December 2012).
9220:from the original on 12 March 2019
8971:from the original on 18 April 2021
8940:from the original on 6 August 2020
8849:from the original on 18 April 2021
8742:
8699:from the original on 18 April 2021
8460:from the original on 18 April 2021
8390:from the original on 18 April 2021
8217:from the original on 18 April 2021
8118:from the original on 18 April 2021
8061:from the original on 3 August 2020
8037:from the original on 3 August 2020
8003:from the original on 3 August 2020
7973:from the original on 3 August 2020
7949:from the original on 18 April 2021
7892:from the original on 3 August 2020
7854:from the original on 3 August 2020
7824:from the original on 3 August 2020
7791:from the original on 18 April 2021
7753:from the original on 18 April 2021
7714:from the original on 18 April 2021
7676:from the original on 18 April 2021
7637:from the original on 3 August 2020
7559:from the original on 18 April 2021
7520:from the original on 3 August 2020
7472:from the original on 18 April 2021
7403:from the original on 18 April 2021
7383:Wagg, Stephen (14 November 2017).
5395:1958 West Indies federal elections
4022:PNM Leadership Executive Committee
32:National Movement (disambiguation)
28:People's Movement (disambiguation)
14:
10537:
10183:Tobago Organisation of the People
10154:Movement for National Development
9645:Tobago Council of the PNM Leaders
9467:
9337:from the original on 25 July 2020
9194:from the original on 27 June 2019
9155:
8909:from the original on 8 April 2020
8869:"TriniView.com - NewsPro Archive"
8140:Trevett, Claire (4 August 2017).
7611:; Comitas, Lambros, eds. (1973).
7494:; Comitas, Lambros, eds. (1973).
3608:Minister of Public Administration
3151:Minister of Education and Culture
2296:Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians
2203:The party was founded in 1956 by
1492:Liberal Network for Latin America
925:(contributions to liberal theory)
135:(Tobago Council Political Leader)
10506:Liberal parties in North America
10327:National Democratic Organisation
9969:
9779:West Indies Federal Labour Party
9769:
9758:
9297:"Trinidad and Tobago Parliament"
9028:Shah, Raffique (22 March 2015).
8928:Hunte, Camille (4 August 2020).
8685:. University of Virginia Press.
8510:from the original on 7 July 2021
8430:from the original on 7 July 2021
8197:Hall, Kenneth (1 October 2012).
8172:"The Formative Years of the PNM"
7226:
7212:
7198:
7181:
7180:
7173:
7172:
7158:
7157:
7131:
7124:
7123:
7109:
7108:
7075:
7068:
7067:
7053:
7052:
7021:
7014:
7013:
6999:
6998:
6970:
6963:
6962:
6948:
6947:
6919:
6912:
6911:
6897:
6896:
6869:
6868:
6861:
6860:
6846:
6845:
6814:
6807:
6793:
6792:
6764:
6757:
6743:
6742:
6714:
6707:
6693:
6692:
6654:
6647:
6646:
6632:
6631:
6591:
6590:
6493:
6452:
6438:
6437:
6423:
6422:
6400:
6399:
6385:
6384:
6370:
6369:
6347:
6333:
6332:
6318:
6317:
6295:
6294:
6280:
6279:
6265:
6264:
6242:
6241:
6227:
6226:
6212:
6211:
6184:
6183:
6169:
6168:
6154:
6153:
6131:
6117:
6116:
6102:
6101:
6079:
6078:
6064:
6063:
6049:
6048:
6026:
6025:
6011:
6010:
5996:
5995:
5973:
5972:
5958:
5957:
5943:
5942:
5911:
5910:
5896:
5895:
5881:
5880:
5840:
5839:
5825:
5824:
5793:
5792:
5778:
5777:
5746:
5745:
5731:
5730:
5699:
5698:
5684:
5683:
5648:
5647:
5550:
5540:2019 Trinidadian local elections
5411:
5391:West Indies Federal Labour Party
5349:
5342:
5341:
5327:
5326:
5301:
5300:
5293:
5292:
5278:
5277:
5245:
5244:
5237:
5236:
5222:
5221:
5195:
5188:
5187:
5173:
5172:
5147:
5146:
5139:
5138:
5124:
5123:
5097:
5090:
5089:
5075:
5050:
5049:
5042:
5041:
5027:
5026:
4994:
4987:
4986:
4972:
4971:
4946:
4945:
4938:
4937:
4923:
4922:
4890:
4889:
4882:
4881:
4867:
4866:
4840:
4833:
4832:
4818:
4817:
4786:
4779:
4778:
4764:
4763:
4737:
4730:
4729:
4715:
4714:
4688:
4681:
4680:
4666:
4665:
4639:
4632:
4631:
4617:
4616:
4588:
4587:
4485:
4429:
3979:
3911:
3868:
3824:
3720:
3682:
3645:
3594:
3551:
3518:
3483:
3462:
3420:
3378:
3353:
3324:
3288:
3262:
3229:
3194:
3136:
2993:
2876:
2832:
2791:
2574:Prime Minister in preference to
2476:West Indies Federal Labour Party
2430:
2413:West Indies Federal Labour Party
2395:2019 Trinidadian local elections
2385:and 16 out of 31 members of the
2249:, but lost power in 1995 to the
2119:
2107:
506:
437:
302:West Indies Federal Labour Party
253:
252:
10480:Politics of Trinidad and Tobago
10317:Movement for Unity and Progress
10257:Caribbean National Labour Party
10242:National Joint Action Committee
10204:Port of Spain People's Movement
10117:Progressive Democratic Patriots
9438:
9393:from the original on 2 May 2020
9379:
9349:
9319:
9289:
9262:
9232:
9206:
9175:
9149:
9119:
9089:
9071:
9052:
9021:
8983:
8952:
8921:
8891:
8861:
8831:
8801:
8771:
8711:
8672:
8582:
8552:
8522:
8492:
8483:
8472:
8442:
8402:
8363:
8331:
8288:
8190:
8164:
7765:
7688:
7649:
7571:
5529:
4452:Progressive Democratic Patriots
4352:Politics of Trinidad and Tobago
4093:Tobago Council Political Leader
3567:Minister of Works and Transport
3515:AM for Scarborough/Calder Hall
2605:Manning and the PNM re-invented
2241:(NAR). Under the leadership of
467:Politics of Trinidad and Tobago
312:
10437:West Indian Independence Party
10392:Social Democratic Labour Party
8961:"The Manning legacy in energy"
7532:
7445:
7415:
7376:
7338:
7308:
7282:
7276:Trinidad & Tobago Guardian
7263:
7132:
7076:
7022:
6971:
6920:
6815:
6808:
6765:
6758:
6715:
6708:
6655:
6453:
6348:
6132:
5384:
5350:
5196:
5098:
5076:
4995:
4841:
4787:
4738:
4689:
4640:
4327:Tobago House of Assembly Seats
4290:
2670:(UNC) under the leadership of
2593:(NAR) under the leadership of
2517:movement, Williams declared a
866:Separation of church and state
1:
10457:Young People's National Party
10208:National Transformation Party
10141:Progressive Empowerment Party
9034:Trinidad and Tobago News Blog
8724:Trinidad and Tobago News Blog
8295:Ramcharitar, Raymond (2021).
8104:. Policy Press. p. 272.
8055:www.bankofscotlandtrade.co.uk
7935:. Policy Press. p. 272.
7886:www.bankofscotlandtrade.co.uk
7620:. Anchor Books. p. 134.
7503:. Anchor Books. p. 134.
7257:
10382:Progressive Democratic Party
10292:Democratic National Assembly
10213:National Solidarity Assembly
8720:"A leader can be challenged"
8269:Roopnarine, Urvashi Tiwari.
7656:Griffith, Ivelaw L. (1993).
7539:Griffith, Ivelaw L. (1993).
4263:
4154:Assistant General Secretary
3611:Minister of Public Utilities
3160:Minister of External Affairs
2207:, who took inspiration from
128:(Party and Election Matters)
7:
10526:Non-interventionist parties
10195:Unrepresented Peoples Party
10150:Movement for Social Justice
8934:Trinidad Express Newspapers
8903:Trinidad and Tobago Newsday
8654:Trinidad and Tobago Newsday
8624:Trinidad and Tobago Newsday
7240:
4007:for his electoral district)
3940:for her electoral district)
2200:of the political spectrum.
419:Indirectly elected Aldermen
241:PNM National Women's League
10:
10542:
10442:West Indian National Party
10387:Seukeran Independent Party
10362:People's Empowerment Party
10282:Democratic Action Congress
10173:Trinidad Humanity Campaign
10085:People's National Movement
10053:People's National Movement
10019:People's National Movement
9993:People's National Movement
9533:People's National Movement
8997:. Reuters. 5 August 1995.
8843:www.caribbeanelections.com
8813:www.caribbeanelections.com
8594:www.caribbeanelections.com
7739:. Routledge. p. 322.
7583:www.caribbeanelections.com
7320:www.caribbeanelections.com
7206:Trinidad and Tobago portal
6478:
5388:
4371:
4119:Party and Election Matters
3744:
3208:
3164:
2369:. In government since the
2192:and generally sits at the
2166:People's National Movement
51:People's National Movement
36:
25:
18:
10475:List of political parties
10465:
10452:Workers and Farmers Party
10372:People's Republican Party
10367:People's Popular Movement
10357:People's Democratic Party
10267:Caribbean Socialist Party
10247:African National Congress
10237:Independent Liberal Party
10229:
10145:Independent Liberal Party
10133:Other parties recognized
10132:
10100:
10068:
10040:
10008:
9982:
9862:
9851:
9824:
9790:
9757:
9631:
9578:
9558:
9540:
8307:10.1007/978-3-030-75634-5
7096:
6835:
6675:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6199:
5926:
5625:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5481:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5265:
4910:
4805:
4565:
4532:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4516:
4450:
4443:
4440:
4435:
4425:
4421:Tobago Council of the PNM
4416:
4400:
4397:
4347:
4333:
4324:
4297:
4270:
4253:
4243:
4233:
4223:
4213:
4203:
4197:Jennifer Baptiste-Primus
4194:Labour Relations Officer
4193:
4183:
4174:Public Relations Officer
4173:
4163:
4153:
4141:
4086:
4076:
4064:
4052:
4038:
4028:
3932:
3929:
3917:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3696:Chief Secretary of Tobago
3659:
3654:
3651:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3625:
3623:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3593:
3576:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3550:
3539:
3537:
3532:Chief Secretary of Tobago
3530:
3527:
3524:
3517:
3504:
3502:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3419:
3406:
3404:
3397:
3395:
3168:
3166:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3002:
2999:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2885:
2882:
2875:
2870:
2867:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2486:won the other six seats.
2465:Sir Edward Betham Beetham
2089:Sexually liberal feminism
1996:Bias in American academia
1467:European Democratic Party
923:List of liberal theorists
462:
455:
450:
436:
431:
417:
405:Indirectly elected mayors
403:
389:
375:
361:
347:
333:
321:
308:
297:
281:
261:
245:
235:
231:PNM National Youth League
225:
215:
198:
180:
170:
151:
140:
108:
98:
86:
74:
66:
57:
48:
10102:Tobago House of Assembly
10091:United National Congress
10059:United National Congress
10025:United National Congress
9999:United National Congress
9984:House of Representatives
9666:Tracy Davidson-Celestine
8245:. Taylor & Francis.
7098:Tracy Davidson-Celestine
6481:Tobago House of Assembly
6463:Tobago House of Assembly
4465:House of Representatives
4374:Tobago House of Assembly
4335:Tobago House of Assembly
3907:Tracy Davidson-Celestine
3705:Tracy Davidson-Celestine
3154:Minister of Home Affairs
2760:Leader of the Opposition
2692:In government since 2015
2668:United National Congress
2649:United National Congress
2542:Leader of the Opposition
2399:Tobago House of Assembly
2383:House of Representatives
2335:Tobago House of Assembly
2263:House of Representatives
2251:United National Congress
748:Labor theory of property
363:Tobago House of Assembly
349:House of Representatives
154:House of Representatives
37:Not to be confused with
10312:Liberation Action Party
10287:Democratic Labour Party
9913:2020 Davidson-Celestine
9158:"AN ABSENCE OF FANFARE"
8203:. Trafford Publishing.
6681:(National party leader)
6620:(National party leader)
6569:(National party leader)
4311:Camille Robinson-Regis
4187:Laurel Lezama Lee Sing
4088:Deputy Political Leader
4014:Farley Chavez Augustine
3965:Farley Chavez Augustine
3368:Augustus Ramrekersingh
2484:Democratic Labour Party
2219:People's National Party
1457:Arab Liberal Federation
647:Consent of the governed
391:Regional municipalities
283:Political position
10521:Social liberal parties
10332:National Freedom Party
10158:Congress of the People
9732:Augustus Ramrekersingh
8098:Skard, Torild (2015).
7929:Skard, Torild (2015).
6476:
5543:
5399:West Indies Federation
4478:
4069:Camille Robinson-Regis
3741:Tobago Council leaders
2664:1995 General Elections
2636:
2621:
2584:1981 General Elections
2530:boycotted the election
2526:1971 General Elections
2507:Black Power Revolution
2503:1966 General Elections
2496:1961 General Elections
2472:1958 Federal Elections
2453:1956 General Elections
2443:
2255:2000 General Elections
2235:1986 General Elections
2227:1956 General Elections
1472:European Liberal Youth
1442:Africa Liberal Network
667:Economic globalization
204:1 Tranquility Street,
186:; 68 years ago
10417:Trinidad Labour Party
9817:Rowley (2015-present)
9190:. Trinidad Guardian.
8656:. 19 September 2018.
8564:Oxford Business Group
6470:
5537:
4472:
4254:Social Media Officer
4135:Joan Yuille Williams
3415:(party and elections)
3407:Joan Yuille-Williams
3391:Minister of Education
3157:Deputy Prime Minister
3110:Concurrent Office(s)
3101:Concurrent Office(s)
3092:Concurrent Office(s)
3083:Concurrent Office(s)
2627:
2612:
2601:as Political Leader.
2438:
2391:regional corporations
2379:Members of Parliament
2373:, the party holds an
2371:2015 general election
2359:universal health care
2279:2020 general election
2275:1981 general election
2267:2015 general election
2259:Arthur N. R. Robinson
2237:, losing 33–3 to the
2114:Liberalism portal
1986:Anti-authoritarianism
1487:Liberal International
377:Regional corporations
118:(Legislative Matters)
10422:United Freedom Party
10397:Tapia House Movement
10377:People's Voice Party
10302:Fargo House Movement
9864:Leadership elections
9804:Chambers (1981-1986)
9801:Williams (1956-1981)
9735:Joan Yuille-Williams
9331:University of Oxford
9301:www.ttparliament.org
8905:. 15 December 2019.
8347:. 2 September 2017.
7458:. Hodder Education.
4131:Legislastive Matters
3637:(born )(legislation)
3457:Diego Martin Central
3278:Kamaluddin Mohammed
2681:Arthur N.R. Robinson
2553:Karl Hudson-Phillips
2423:branch known as the
2410:democratic socialist
2365:and decriminalizing
2213:democratic socialist
918:Age of Enlightenment
871:Separation of powers
298:Regional affiliation
184:24 January 1956
26:For other uses, see
10432:United Labour Front
10407:Trade Union Council
10198:Unity of the People
10170:New National Vision
9838:Charles (2017-2020)
9813:Manning (2001-2010)
9808:Manning (1991-1995)
9719:Kamaluddin Mohammed
9357:"Kelvin V. Charles"
9133:. 4 December 2019.
9030:"Buying cat in bag"
8899:"Remembering Kamal"
8174:. 4 December 2019.
8031:"Restricted access"
7350:. Routledge. 2016.
4244:Operations Officer
4065:Lady Vice-Chairman
3589:Port of Spain South
3131:Port of Spain South
2662:The party lost the
2576:Kamaluddin Mohammed
2457:Legislative Council
2355:secondary education
2347:universal preschool
2247:Jamaat al-Muslimeen
2178:Trinidad and Tobago
2126:Politics portal
829:Civil and political
802:Popular sovereignty
662:Economic liberalism
457:https://pnmtt.live/
210:Trinidad and Tobago
10272:Citizens' Alliance
10201:The National Party
9844:Dennis (2020-2021)
9835:London (2001-2017)
9162:www.guardian.co.tt
8995:The New York Times
8965:www.guardian.co.tt
8959:Ramnarine, Kevin.
8783:www.guardian.co.tt
8275:www.guardian.co.tt
6477:
5544:
4479:
4204:Elections Officer
4184:Education Officer
4142:General Secretary
4080:Nyan Gadsby-Dolly
3570:Government Senator
3498:Opposition Senator
2763:†: Died in office
2637:
2622:
2519:State of Emergency
2444:
2343:Water Taxi Service
797:Permissive society
777:Limited government
121:Nyan Gadsby-Dolly
10488:
10487:
10402:The Mercy Society
10342:Natural Law Party
10188:Progressive Party
9935:
9934:
9931:
9930:
9858:
9857:
9786:
9785:
9707:A. N. R. Robinson
9697:
9696:
9420:countrystudies.us
9182:Alexander, Gail.
9085:. 11 August 2020.
8873:www.triniview.com
8692:978-0-8139-3685-7
8316:978-3-030-75633-8
8252:978-1-000-18041-1
8210:978-1-4669-4404-6
8111:978-1-4473-1580-3
7942:978-1-4473-1580-3
7784:978-1-317-47156-1
7707:978-1-317-47156-1
7669:978-1-56324-089-8
7552:978-1-56324-089-8
7465:978-1-5104-3689-3
7396:978-1-317-55729-6
7357:978-1-317-47156-1
7270:Alexander, Gail.
7234:Liberalism portal
7194:
7193:
6682:
6621:
6570:
6515:
6514:
6460:
6459:
5572:
5571:
5527:
5526:
5433:
5432:
5382:
5381:
4507:
4506:
4460:Electoral history
4457:
4456:
4370:
4369:
4357:Political parties
4315:
4314:
4288:
4287:
4261:
4260:
4217:Terrence Beepath
4123:Fitzgerald Hinds
4019:
4018:
3889:
3848:
3738:
3737:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3652:10 November 2019
3638:
3635:Fitzgerald Hinds
3584:
3581:
3577:Marlene McDonald
3547:
3544:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3480:
3477:Nafeesa Mohammed
3450:
3416:
3411:
3371:
3346:
3319:Diego Martin West
3314:
3281:
3257:San Fernando West
3252:
3221:
3184:
3179:A. N. R. Robinson
3126:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3019:
2971:
2948:
2923:
2900:
2856:
2812:
2686:General Elections
2595:A. N. R. Robinson
2537:to the position.
2511:A. N. R. Robinson
2162:
2161:
2001:Bias in the media
1517:Regional variants
834:Natural and legal
485:
484:
472:Political parties
272:Social liberalism
136:
129:
124:
119:
99:General Secretary
10533:
10297:Democratic Party
10192:One Tobago Voice
9974:
9973:
9962:
9955:
9948:
9939:
9938:
9903:
9898:
9897:
9865:
9853:^ Interim/Acting
9828:
9822:
9821:
9794:
9772:
9766:
9765:
9761:
9750:Fitzgerald Hinds
9747:Marlene McDonald
9741:Nafeesa Mohammed
9690:
9678:
9662:
9656:
9646:
9640:
9639:
9635:
9624:
9610:
9602:
9594:
9582:
9562:
9543:
9534:
9525:
9518:
9511:
9502:
9501:
9479:
9478:
9476:Official website
9462:
9461:
9459:
9457:
9442:
9436:
9435:
9433:
9431:
9412:
9403:
9402:
9400:
9398:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9374:
9372:
9361:www.facebook.com
9353:
9347:
9346:
9344:
9342:
9323:
9317:
9316:
9314:
9312:
9293:
9287:
9286:
9284:
9282:
9266:
9260:
9259:
9257:
9255:
9236:
9230:
9229:
9227:
9225:
9210:
9204:
9203:
9201:
9199:
9179:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9153:
9147:
9146:
9144:
9142:
9123:
9117:
9116:
9114:
9112:
9093:
9087:
9086:
9075:
9069:
9068:
9056:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9045:
9025:
9019:
9018:
9016:
9014:
8987:
8981:
8980:
8978:
8976:
8956:
8950:
8949:
8947:
8945:
8925:
8919:
8918:
8916:
8914:
8895:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8884:
8865:
8859:
8858:
8856:
8854:
8835:
8829:
8828:
8826:
8824:
8805:
8799:
8798:
8796:
8794:
8775:
8769:
8768:
8766:
8764:
8749:
8740:
8739:
8737:
8735:
8715:
8709:
8708:
8706:
8704:
8676:
8670:
8669:
8667:
8665:
8646:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8635:
8626:. 11 June 2018.
8616:
8610:
8609:
8607:
8605:
8586:
8580:
8579:
8577:
8575:
8566:. 12 July 2016.
8556:
8550:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8526:
8520:
8519:
8517:
8515:
8504:www.facebook.com
8496:
8490:
8487:
8481:
8476:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8465:
8446:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8435:
8406:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8395:
8367:
8361:
8360:
8358:
8356:
8335:
8329:
8328:
8292:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8281:
8266:
8257:
8256:
8236:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8222:
8194:
8188:
8187:
8185:
8183:
8168:
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8159:
8157:
8137:
8131:
8127:
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8123:
8094:
8092:
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8070:
8068:
8066:
8046:
8044:
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8026:
8020:
8012:
8010:
8008:
8002:
7991:
7982:
7980:
7978:
7958:
7956:
7954:
7925:
7923:
7921:
7901:
7899:
7897:
7877:
7871:
7863:
7861:
7859:
7853:
7842:
7833:
7831:
7829:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7796:
7769:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7730:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7719:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7681:
7653:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7642:
7636:
7619:
7609:Lowenthal, David
7605:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7575:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7564:
7536:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7525:
7519:
7502:
7492:Lowenthal, David
7488:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7449:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7438:
7419:
7413:
7412:
7410:
7408:
7380:
7374:
7373:
7371:
7369:
7342:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7312:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7301:
7286:
7280:
7279:
7267:
7236:
7231:
7230:
7222:
7217:
7216:
7208:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7184:
7183:
7176:
7175:
7168:
7161:
7160:
7135:
7134:
7127:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7111:
7079:
7078:
7071:
7070:
7063:
7056:
7055:
7025:
7024:
7017:
7016:
7009:
7002:
7001:
6974:
6973:
6966:
6965:
6958:
6951:
6950:
6923:
6922:
6915:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6899:
6872:
6871:
6864:
6863:
6856:
6849:
6848:
6818:
6817:
6811:
6810:
6803:
6796:
6795:
6768:
6767:
6761:
6760:
6753:
6746:
6745:
6718:
6717:
6711:
6710:
6703:
6696:
6695:
6680:
6658:
6657:
6650:
6649:
6642:
6635:
6634:
6619:
6594:
6593:
6586:
6568:
6517:
6516:
6497:
6496:
6489:
6456:
6455:
6448:
6441:
6440:
6433:
6426:
6425:
6403:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6372:
6351:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6335:
6328:
6321:
6320:
6298:
6297:
6290:
6283:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6267:
6245:
6244:
6237:
6230:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6214:
6187:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6171:
6164:
6157:
6156:
6135:
6134:
6127:
6120:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6104:
6082:
6081:
6074:
6067:
6066:
6059:
6052:
6051:
6029:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5998:
5976:
5975:
5968:
5961:
5960:
5953:
5946:
5945:
5914:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5883:
5850:
5843:
5842:
5835:
5828:
5827:
5796:
5795:
5788:
5781:
5780:
5749:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5733:
5702:
5701:
5694:
5687:
5686:
5651:
5650:
5643:
5574:
5573:
5554:
5553:
5546:
5509:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5435:
5434:
5415:
5414:
5407:
5353:
5352:
5345:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5329:
5304:
5303:
5296:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5280:
5248:
5247:
5240:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5224:
5199:
5198:
5191:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5175:
5150:
5149:
5142:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5126:
5101:
5100:
5093:
5092:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5053:
5052:
5045:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5029:
4998:
4997:
4990:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4974:
4949:
4948:
4941:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4925:
4893:
4892:
4885:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4869:
4844:
4843:
4836:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4820:
4790:
4789:
4782:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4766:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4717:
4692:
4691:
4684:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4668:
4643:
4642:
4635:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4619:
4591:
4590:
4583:
4509:
4508:
4489:
4488:
4481:
4447:
4433:
4389:
4388:
4342:
4322:
4321:
4295:
4294:
4284:Shenekah Kirton
4268:
4267:
4227:Maxine Richards
4224:Welfare Officer
4157:Patricia Alexis
4040:Political Leader
4026:
4025:
3983:
3918:26 January 2020
3915:
3884:
3878:26 January 2020
3872:
3840:
3828:
3811:Chief Secretary
3799:
3798:
3779:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3727:26 January 2020
3724:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3692:26 January 2020
3686:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3649:
3636:
3598:
3582:
3579:
3555:
3545:
3542:
3522:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3487:
3478:
3466:
3448:
3424:
3414:
3409:
3382:
3369:
3357:
3344:
3328:
3312:
3292:
3279:
3266:
3250:
3233:
3219:
3198:
3182:
3140:
3124:
3074:
3073:
3036:
3026:Persad-Bissessar
3011:
2997:
2963:
2940:
2915:
2892:
2883:8 February 1987
2880:
2848:
2842:8 February 1987
2836:
2810:
2804:
2798:24 January 1956
2795:
2766:
2765:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2702:general election
2559:Decline and fall
2550:Attorney General
2490:Independence era
2449:Naparima College
2377:of 22 out of 41
2375:overall majority
2361:, criminalizing
2154:
2147:
2140:
2124:
2123:
2112:
2111:
2030:Economic freedom
2023:Radical centrism
861:Secular humanism
787:Natural monopoly
738:Internationalism
555:Internationalist
510:
487:
486:
441:
426:
412:
398:
384:
370:
356:
342:
316:
315:
256:
255:
249:
194:
192:
187:
134:
127:
123:(Policy Matters)
122:
117:
62:
46:
45:
10541:
10540:
10536:
10535:
10534:
10532:
10531:
10530:
10491:
10490:
10489:
10484:
10470:Portal:Politics
10461:
10230:Defunct parties
10225:
10218:Patriotic Front
10134:
10128:
10096:
10075:
10064:
10043:
10036:
10004:
9978:
9968:
9966:
9936:
9927:
9901:
9896:
9863:
9854:
9847:
9826:
9820:
9792:
9782:
9770:
9759:
9753:
9728:Wendell Mottley
9712:George Chambers
9702:Patrick Solomon
9693:
9684:
9668:
9660:
9659:Kelvin Charles
9654:
9653:Orville London
9644:
9633:
9627:
9618:
9608:
9606:Patrick Manning
9600:
9598:George Chambers
9592:
9580:
9574:
9560:
9554:
9541:
9536:
9532:
9529:
9474:
9473:
9470:
9465:
9455:
9453:
9444:
9443:
9439:
9429:
9427:
9414:
9413:
9406:
9396:
9394:
9385:
9384:
9380:
9370:
9368:
9355:
9354:
9350:
9340:
9338:
9325:
9324:
9320:
9310:
9308:
9295:
9294:
9290:
9280:
9278:
9267:
9263:
9253:
9251:
9238:
9237:
9233:
9223:
9221:
9216:. 13 May 2010.
9212:
9211:
9207:
9197:
9195:
9180:
9176:
9166:
9164:
9154:
9150:
9140:
9138:
9125:
9124:
9120:
9110:
9108:
9095:
9094:
9090:
9077:
9076:
9072:
9057:
9053:
9043:
9041:
9026:
9022:
9012:
9010:
8989:
8988:
8984:
8974:
8972:
8957:
8953:
8943:
8941:
8926:
8922:
8912:
8910:
8897:
8896:
8892:
8882:
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8852:
8850:
8837:
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8832:
8822:
8820:
8807:
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8802:
8792:
8790:
8777:
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8772:
8762:
8760:
8751:
8750:
8743:
8733:
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8716:
8712:
8702:
8700:
8693:
8677:
8673:
8663:
8661:
8648:
8647:
8643:
8633:
8631:
8618:
8617:
8613:
8603:
8601:
8588:
8587:
8583:
8573:
8571:
8558:
8557:
8553:
8543:
8541:
8528:
8527:
8523:
8513:
8511:
8498:
8497:
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3641:Laventille West
3603:13 August 2019
3505:Orville London
3342:Wendell Mottley
3216:George Chambers
3121:Patrick Solomon
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2231:George Chambers
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4054:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4009:
3998:
3996:
3984:
3977:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:Kelvin Charles
3944:
3942:
3931:
3928:
3916:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3890:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3866:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3822:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3728:
3725:
3718:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3680:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3650:
3643:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3592:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3556:
3549:
3540:Rohan Sinanan
3538:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3516:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3460:
3445:Kenneth Valley
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3418:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3351:
3349:St. Ann's East
3339:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3322:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3260:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3239:30 March 1981
3237:
3234:
3227:
3224:St. Ann's East
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3192:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3134:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3104:Deputy Leader
3102:
3099:
3096:
3095:Deputy Leader
3093:
3090:
3087:
3086:Deputy Leader
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:Deputy Leader
3068:
3065:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3020:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2924:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2843:
2840:
2839:30 March 1981
2837:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2752:Prime Minister
2709:
2706:
2693:
2690:
2606:
2603:
2560:
2557:
2491:
2488:
2432:
2429:
2363:child marriage
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2116:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:Utilitarianism
2091:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2067:Libertarianism
2064:
2062:Land value tax
2059:
2058:
2057:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2035:Egalitarianism
2032:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1991:Anti-communism
1988:
1982:
1980:Related topics
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1934:Arizona School
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1902:United Kingdom
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1029:Wollstonecraft
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
940:
935:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
920:
914:
909:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
895:
894:
893:
888:
881:Social justice
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
847:
846:
841:
836:
831:
821:
820:
819:
814:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
782:Market economy
779:
774:
773:
772:
767:
757:
750:
745:
743:Invisible hand
740:
735:
733:Harm principle
730:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
712:
711:
706:
691:
686:
685:
684:
679:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
632:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
610:
609:
604:
599:
598:
597:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
546:
545:
535:
530:
525:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
503:
502:
496:
495:
483:
482:
480:
479:
474:
469:
463:
460:
459:
453:
452:
448:
447:
434:
433:
429:
428:
423:
421:
415:
414:
409:
407:
401:
400:
395:
393:
387:
386:
381:
379:
373:
372:
367:
365:
359:
358:
353:
351:
345:
344:
339:
337:
331:
330:
325:
319:
318:
310:
306:
305:
299:
295:
294:
285:
279:
278:
265:
259:
258:
250:
243:
242:
239:
233:
232:
229:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
200:
196:
195:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
164:Prime Minister
156:
152:Leader in the
149:
148:
145:
141:Leader in the
138:
137:
126:Rohan Sinanan
112:
110:Deputy Leaders
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
55:
54:
50:
49:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10538:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10502:
10499:
10498:
10496:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10467:
10464:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10307:Liberal Party
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10234:
10232:
10228:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10203:
10200:
10197:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10178:
10175:
10172:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10140:
10139:
10137:
10131:
10124:
10121:
10118:
10115:
10112:
10109:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10099:
10092:
10089:
10086:
10083:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10071:
10067:
10060:
10057:
10054:
10051:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10039:
10032:
10029:
10026:
10023:
10020:
10017:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10007:
10000:
9997:
9994:
9991:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9981:
9977:
9972:
9963:
9958:
9956:
9951:
9949:
9944:
9943:
9940:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9908:
9907:
9905:
9899:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9882:
9879:
9876:
9873:
9870:
9869:
9867:
9861:
9850:
9843:
9840:
9837:
9834:
9833:
9831:
9829:
9823:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9803:
9800:
9799:
9797:
9795:
9793:In Government
9789:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9773:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9756:
9749:
9746:
9744:Rohan Sinanan
9743:
9740:
9737:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9718:
9716:Errol Mahabir
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9699:
9688:
9683:
9680:
9676:
9672:
9667:
9664:
9658:
9652:
9651:
9649:
9647:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9630:
9622:
9617:
9616:
9612:
9607:
9604:
9599:
9596:
9591:
9590:Eric Williams
9588:
9587:
9585:
9583:
9577:
9571:
9570:Eric Williams
9568:
9567:
9565:
9563:
9557:
9551:
9548:
9547:
9545:
9539:
9535:
9526:
9521:
9519:
9514:
9512:
9507:
9506:
9503:
9496:
9493:
9490:
9487:
9484:
9481:
9477:
9472:
9471:
9451:
9447:
9441:
9425:
9421:
9417:
9411:
9409:
9392:
9388:
9382:
9366:
9362:
9358:
9352:
9336:
9332:
9328:
9322:
9306:
9302:
9298:
9292:
9276:
9272:
9265:
9249:
9245:
9241:
9240:"Index Ro-Ry"
9235:
9219:
9215:
9209:
9193:
9189:
9185:
9178:
9163:
9159:
9152:
9136:
9132:
9128:
9122:
9106:
9102:
9098:
9092:
9084:
9080:
9074:
9066:
9062:
9055:
9039:
9035:
9031:
9024:
9008:
9004:
9000:
8996:
8992:
8986:
8970:
8966:
8962:
8955:
8939:
8935:
8931:
8924:
8908:
8904:
8900:
8894:
8878:
8874:
8870:
8864:
8848:
8844:
8840:
8834:
8818:
8814:
8810:
8804:
8788:
8784:
8780:
8774:
8758:
8754:
8748:
8746:
8729:
8725:
8721:
8714:
8698:
8694:
8688:
8684:
8683:
8675:
8659:
8655:
8651:
8645:
8629:
8625:
8621:
8615:
8599:
8595:
8591:
8585:
8569:
8565:
8561:
8555:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8525:
8509:
8505:
8501:
8495:
8486:
8480:
8475:
8459:
8455:
8451:
8445:
8429:
8425:
8423:9781886938076
8419:
8415:
8414:
8405:
8389:
8385:
8383:9781135236816
8379:
8376:. Routledge.
8375:
8374:
8366:
8350:
8346:
8345:
8344:The Economist
8340:
8334:
8326:
8322:
8318:
8312:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8299:
8291:
8276:
8272:
8265:
8263:
8254:
8248:
8244:
8243:
8235:
8233:
8216:
8212:
8206:
8202:
8201:
8193:
8177:
8173:
8167:
8151:
8147:
8143:
8136:
8117:
8113:
8107:
8103:
8102:
8096:
8084:
8080:
8079:www.coface.at
8076:
8072:
8060:
8056:
8052:
8048:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8018:
7999:
7995:
7988:
7984:
7972:
7968:
7964:
7960:
7948:
7944:
7938:
7934:
7933:
7927:
7915:
7911:
7910:www.coface.at
7907:
7903:
7891:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7875:
7869:
7850:
7846:
7839:
7835:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7810:
7806:
7790:
7786:
7780:
7776:
7775:
7768:
7752:
7748:
7746:9781317471561
7742:
7738:
7737:
7729:
7713:
7709:
7703:
7699:
7698:
7691:
7675:
7671:
7665:
7661:
7660:
7652:
7633:
7629:
7623:
7616:
7615:
7610:
7604:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7574:
7558:
7554:
7548:
7544:
7543:
7535:
7516:
7512:
7506:
7499:
7498:
7493:
7487:
7471:
7467:
7461:
7457:
7456:
7448:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7418:
7402:
7398:
7392:
7389:. Routledge.
7388:
7387:
7379:
7363:
7359:
7353:
7349:
7348:
7341:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7311:
7296:
7295:newsday.co.tt
7292:
7285:
7277:
7273:
7266:
7262:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7235:
7229:
7224:
7221:
7215:
7210:
7207:
7196:
7190:
7187:
7179:
7171:
7164:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7147:December 2021
7145:
7143:
7142:
7130:
7122:
7115:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7082:
7074:
7066:
7059:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7028:
7020:
7012:
7005:
6997:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6969:
6961:
6954:
6946:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6929:
6926:
6918:
6910:
6903:
6895:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6878:
6875:
6867:
6859:
6852:
6844:
6841:
6838:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6824:
6821:
6813:
6806:
6799:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6724:
6721:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6691:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6664:
6661:
6653:
6645:
6638:
6630:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6606:
6603:
6600:
6597:
6589:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6566:
6565:Eric Williams
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6551:
6548:
6545:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6518:
6509:
6508:MediaWiki.org
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5588:Corporations
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5105:PNM Minority
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4274:Officeholder
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4167:Kazim Hosein
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2787:Eric Williams
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2653:Occah Seepaul
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2209:Norman Manley
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891:Welfare state
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754:Laissez-faire
751:
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207:
206:Port of Spain
201:
197:
183:
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176:
175:Eric Williams
173:
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116:
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77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
47:
44:
40:
33:
29:
22:
10427:United Front
10252:Butler Party
10084:
10076:corporations
10052:
10044:corporations
10018:
9992:
9909:2016 Charles
9871:1987 Manning
9841:Jack^ (2020)
9723:Keith Rowley
9682:Ancil Dennis
9681:
9615:Keith Rowley
9613:
9531:
9454:. Retrieved
9440:
9428:. Retrieved
9419:
9395:. Retrieved
9381:
9369:. Retrieved
9360:
9351:
9339:. Retrieved
9330:
9321:
9309:. Retrieved
9300:
9291:
9279:. Retrieved
9264:
9252:. Retrieved
9243:
9234:
9222:. Retrieved
9208:
9196:. Retrieved
9187:
9177:
9167:17 September
9165:. Retrieved
9161:
9151:
9139:. Retrieved
9130:
9121:
9109:. Retrieved
9100:
9091:
9082:
9073:
9064:
9054:
9042:. Retrieved
9033:
9023:
9011:. Retrieved
8994:
8985:
8973:. Retrieved
8964:
8954:
8942:. Retrieved
8933:
8923:
8911:. Retrieved
8902:
8893:
8881:. Retrieved
8872:
8863:
8851:. Retrieved
8842:
8833:
8821:. Retrieved
8812:
8803:
8791:. Retrieved
8782:
8773:
8761:. Retrieved
8732:. Retrieved
8723:
8713:
8701:. Retrieved
8681:
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8662:. Retrieved
8653:
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8632:. Retrieved
8623:
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8602:. Retrieved
8593:
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8572:. Retrieved
8563:
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8542:. Retrieved
8533:
8524:
8512:. Retrieved
8503:
8494:
8485:
8474:
8462:. Retrieved
8453:
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8432:. Retrieved
8412:
8404:
8392:. Retrieved
8372:
8365:
8353:. Retrieved
8342:
8333:
8297:
8290:
8278:. Retrieved
8274:
8241:
8219:. Retrieved
8199:
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8180:. Retrieved
8166:
8154:. Retrieved
8145:
8135:
8120:. Retrieved
8100:
8087:. Retrieved
8078:
8063:. Retrieved
8054:
8039:. Retrieved
8005:. Retrieved
7993:
7975:. Retrieved
7966:
7951:. Retrieved
7931:
7918:. Retrieved
7909:
7894:. Retrieved
7885:
7856:. Retrieved
7844:
7826:. Retrieved
7817:
7805:
7793:. Retrieved
7773:
7767:
7755:. Retrieved
7735:
7728:
7716:. Retrieved
7696:
7690:
7678:. Retrieved
7658:
7651:
7639:. Retrieved
7613:
7603:
7591:. Retrieved
7582:
7573:
7561:. Retrieved
7541:
7534:
7522:. Retrieved
7496:
7486:
7474:. Retrieved
7454:
7447:
7435:. Retrieved
7426:
7417:
7405:. Retrieved
7385:
7378:
7366:. Retrieved
7346:
7340:
7328:. Retrieved
7319:
7310:
7300:17 September
7298:. Retrieved
7294:
7284:
7275:
7265:
7093:January 2021
6679:
6618:
6567:
6201:Keith Rowley
5933:
5932:
5871:
5870:
5801:
5800:
5754:
5753:
5707:
5706:
5674:
5673:
5656:
5655:
5585:Councillors
5530:Corporations
5516:
5441:Party Group
5267:Keith Rowley
4549:
4541:
4528:
4518:Party leader
4517:
4512:
4420:
4381:
4281:Chairperson
4247:Irene Hinds
4098:Ancil Dennis
4057:Stuart Young
4045:Keith Rowley
4013:
4000:
3990:
3987:
3971:
3964:
3956:Ancil Dennis
3955:
3946:
3933:
3920:
3919:
3901:
3894:
3881:
3875:3 July 2016
3860:
3853:
3837:
3834:3 July 2016
3816:
3789:
3781:
3758:
3757:
3750:
3707:
3689:3 July 2016
3586:
3578:
3541:
3528:3 July 2016
3455:
3452:
3447:
3413:
3408:
3316:
3311:
3309:Keith Rowley
3254:
3249:
3218:
3186:
3181:
3128:
3123:
3070:
3049:
3041:
3033:
3024:
3008:
3000:27 May 2010
2989:Keith Rowley
2976:
2960:
2953:
2937:
2928:
2912:
2905:
2889:
2886:27 May 2010
2861:
2845:
2817:
2807:
2755:
2747:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2695:
2677:
2661:
2645:
2638:
2629:Keith Rowley
2588:
2568:Ellis Clarke
2565:
2562:
2546:
2539:
2523:
2500:
2493:
2469:
2445:
2407:
2328:
2322:, Christian
2316:Creole Party
2315:
2311:
2307:
2285:
2283:
2271:Keith Rowley
2202:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2084:Pirate Party
1944:Jeffersonian
1852:South Africa
1342:Lloyd George
937:Philosophers
844:To bear arms
792:Open society
752:
528:Conservative
237:Women's wing
219:
199:Headquarters
159:Keith Rowley
147:Amery Browne
132:Ancil Dennis
93:Stuart Young
81:Keith Rowley
67:Abbreviation
43:
10222:Green Party
10123:Independent
10070:Councillors
10031:Independent
9918:2022 Dennis
9877:2010 Rowley
9661:(2016–2020)
9655:(1998–2016)
9609:(1987–2010)
9601:(1981–1987)
9593:(1955–1981)
9542:Subnational
9483:PNM Website
8544:12 December
8514:12 December
8434:18 November
8394:18 November
8355:2 September
8221:18 November
8122:18 November
7953:18 November
7437:12 December
7407:31 December
6535:Government
6504:Phabricator
5599:Vote share
5561:Phabricator
5456:Government
5422:Phabricator
5385:West Indies
4533:Government
4496:Phabricator
4401:Government
4308:Chairwoman
4291:Women's Arm
3986:1 May 2022
3930:1 May 2022
3449:(1948-2011)
3345:(born 1941)
3313:(born 1949)
3280:(1927-2015)
3251:(1931-2015)
3220:(1928-1997)
3189:Tobago East
3183:(1926-2014)
3125:(1910-1997)
2515:Black Power
2308:Black Party
2216:centre-left
2198:centre-left
1912:Gladstonian
1872:Switzerland
1857:South Korea
1800:Philippines
1760:New Zealand
1755:Netherlands
1412:Verhofstadt
1407:Balcerowicz
1216:Politicians
1144:Collingwood
1084:Tocqueville
959:Montesquieu
851:Rule of law
652:Due process
304:(1957–1962)
292:centre-left
276:Nationalism
246:Membership
115:Colm Imbert
88:Chairperson
10495:Categories
10135:by the EBC
10074:municipal
10042:Municipal
9497:(archived)
9495:PNM Abroad
9491:(archived)
9489:Vision PNM
9485:(archived)
9456:27 January
9371:21 January
9311:21 January
9281:27 January
9254:20 January
9131:pnmtt.live
9101:pnmtt.live
8664:18 January
8634:18 January
8007:15 January
7977:15 January
7858:15 January
7828:15 January
7795:15 January
7757:3 December
7718:15 January
7641:3 December
7524:3 December
7258:References
7139:Caretaker
6479:See also:
5389:See also:
4409:Votes (%)
4384:executives
4372:See also:
4164:Treasurer
4003:(lost the
3936:(lost the
3745:See also:
3731:1 May 2022
3709:(born 1978
3671:(born 1957
3507:(born 1945
3374:St. Joseph
3113:Leader(s)
2480:Opposition
2421:Tobagonian
2401:since the
2393:since the
2190:liberalism
2040:Empiricism
2011:Democratic
2006:Capitalism
1917:Manchester
1750:Montenegro
1735:Luxembourg
1671:Venizelism
1601:Costa Rica
856:Secularism
689:Federalism
641:Principles
500:Liberalism
268:Liberalism
227:Youth wing
191:1956-01-24
9689:–present)
9003:0362-4331
8325:250255721
8182:12 August
8146:NZ Herald
6532:Position
6520:Election
5834:100 / 113
5577:Election
5453:Position
5438:Election
4362:Elections
4298:Position
4271:Position
4264:Youth Arm
4053:Chairman
4029:Position
3808:Position
3656:Incumbent
3561:Incumbent
3431:Incumbent
3284:Barataria
3004:Incumbent
2811:1955–1981
2775:Position
2314:, or the
2055:Anarchist
1963:Venezuela
1939:Classical
1907:Cobdenism
1810:Cracovian
1765:Nicaragua
1730:Lithuania
1589:Hong Kong
1544:Australia
1382:Roosevelt
1352:Ståhlberg
1347:Venizelos
1302:Sarmiento
1292:Gladstone
1252:Lamartine
1222:Jefferson
1074:Martineau
1024:De Gouges
1009:Condorcet
994:Priestley
657:Democracy
629:Third Way
590:Christian
585:Religious
523:Classical
477:Elections
216:Newspaper
9450:Archived
9424:Archived
9391:Archived
9365:Archived
9335:Archived
9305:Archived
9275:Archived
9248:Archived
9224:18 April
9218:Archived
9192:Archived
9141:18 April
9135:Archived
9111:18 April
9105:Archived
9083:BBC News
9044:18 April
9038:Archived
9013:18 April
9007:Archived
8975:18 April
8969:Archived
8944:18 April
8938:Archived
8913:18 April
8907:Archived
8883:18 April
8877:Archived
8853:18 April
8847:Archived
8823:18 April
8817:Archived
8793:18 April
8787:Archived
8757:Archived
8734:18 April
8728:Archived
8697:Archived
8658:Archived
8628:Archived
8598:Archived
8568:Archived
8538:Archived
8508:Archived
8458:Archived
8428:Archived
8388:Archived
8349:Archived
8215:Archived
8176:Archived
8150:Archived
8116:Archived
8083:Archived
8059:Archived
8035:Archived
8017:cite web
7998:Archived
7971:Archived
7947:Archived
7914:Archived
7890:Archived
7868:cite web
7849:Archived
7822:Archived
7789:Archived
7751:Archived
7712:Archived
7674:Archived
7632:Archived
7593:18 April
7587:Archived
7557:Archived
7515:Archived
7476:18 April
7470:Archived
7431:Archived
7427:BTI Blog
7401:Archived
7362:Archived
7330:18 April
7324:Archived
7241:See also
7151:11,943*
6432:70 / 141
6416:130,868
6379:72 / 139
6363:161,962
6327:83 / 137
6311:174,754
6274:84 / 136
6258:190,421
6221:36 / 134
6205:130,505
6163:83 / 126
6147:172,525
6111:67 / 124
6095:157,631
6058:63 / 124
6042:155,585
6005:86 / 139
5989:154.818
5952:46 / 125
5890:54 / 120
5787:68 / 100
5740:90 / 100
5693:68 / 100
5631:140,275
5500:119,527
5320:322,250
5271:378,447
5215:285,354
5166:299,813
5117:308,762
5069:260,075
5020:276,334
4965:256,159
4916:233,150
4860:183,635
4811:218,557
4757:169,194
4659:158,573
4610:190,003
4571:105,513
4529:Position
4513:Election
3715:(Tobago)
3677:(Tobago)
3546:(policy)
3513:(Tobago)
3170:Williams
2906:Robinson
2698:election
2462:Governor
2367:cannabis
2298:and the
2045:Humanism
2018:Centrism
1968:Zimbabwe
1922:Whiggism
1882:Thailand
1847:Slovenia
1842:Slovakia
1817:Portugal
1790:Paraguay
1713:Liberism
1678:Honduras
1596:Colombia
1569:Bulgaria
1362:Rathenau
1337:Milyukov
1257:Macaulay
1227:Kołłątaj
1199:Kymlicka
1179:Friedman
1124:Cassirer
1114:Hobhouse
1049:Constant
1044:Humboldt
1004:Beccaria
969:Rousseau
964:Voltaire
807:Property
770:Positive
765:Negative
721:Religion
699:Economic
672:Equality
595:Catholic
565:National
560:Muscular
538:Feminist
533:Cultural
492:a series
490:Part of
444:Balisier
397:70 / 141
263:Ideology
9621:present
9581:Leaders
9561:Founder
9341:12 July
9065:Reuters
8703:5 April
8464:5 April
7102:13,288
7062:10 / 12
7046:13,310
7008:12 / 12
6992:19,976
6941:12,311
6906:11 / 12
6890:12,137
6839:10,500
6523:Leader
6506:and on
6020:10 / 14
5849:11 / 11
5818:74,667
5771:64,725
5724:12,287
5642:33 / 72
5593:Leader
5563:and on
5444:Leader
5424:and on
5336:22 / 41
5323:49.08%
5287:23 / 41
5274:51.68%
5231:12 / 41
5218:39.65%
5182:26 / 41
5169:45.85%
5133:20 / 36
5084:18 / 36
5036:16 / 36
4981:17 / 36
4932:21 / 36
4827:26 / 36
4773:24 / 36
4724:36 / 36
4708:99,723
4675:24 / 36
4626:20 / 30
4582:13 / 24
4498:and on
4395:Leader
3991:Elected
3923:Elected
3895:himself
3854:himself
3802:Leader
3639:MP for
3587:MP for
3580:(born )
3543:(born )
3479:(born )
3453:MP for
3410:(born )
3399:Manning
3372:MP for
3370:(born )
3347:MP for
3317:MP for
3282:MP for
3255:MP for
3222:MP for
3187:MP for
3129:MP for
3050:himself
3042:present
2978:himself
2930:himself
2862:himself
2818:himself
2769:Leader
2524:In the
2501:In the
2494:In the
2470:In the
2415:in the
2381:in the
2351:primary
2324:Indians
2320:Chinese
2304:Mulatto
2223:Jamaica
1958:Uruguay
1897:Ukraine
1887:Tunisia
1832:Senegal
1822:Romania
1770:Nigeria
1745:Moldova
1688:Iceland
1683:Hungary
1661:Germany
1656:Georgia
1646:Finland
1641:Estonia
1631:Ecuador
1626:Denmark
1621:Czechia
1606:Croatia
1559:Bolivia
1554:Belgium
1549:Austria
1539:Armenia
1534:Albania
1402:Jenkins
1397:Kennedy
1387:Pearson
1372:Einaudi
1357:Gokhale
1317:Itagaki
1312:Naoroji
1307:Mommsen
1287:Lincoln
1277:Mazzini
1262:Kossuth
1247:Broglie
1242:Bolívar
1237:Artigas
1232:Madison
1094:Spencer
1079:Emerson
1069:Bastiat
1054:Ricardo
1014:Bentham
954:Spinoza
911:History
812:Private
760:Liberty
694:Freedom
614:Secular
602:Islamic
580:Radical
517:Schools
451:Website
425:29 / 56
355:22 / 41
341:16 / 31
314:
257:105,894
189: (
181:Founded
171:Founder
10010:Senate
9902:Tobago
9827:Tobago
9771:Former
9619:(2010–
9198:8 July
9001:
8689:
8604:7 July
8574:7 July
8420:
8380:
8323:
8313:
8280:8 July
8249:
8207:
8156:30 May
8108:
8089:30 May
8065:30 May
8041:30 May
7939:
7920:30 May
7896:30 May
7781:
7743:
7704:
7680:30 May
7666:
7624:
7563:30 May
7549:
7507:
7462:
7393:
7368:31 May
7354:
7167:1 / 15
7154:40.8*
7118:6 / 12
6957:8 / 12
6855:8 / 12
6802:1 / 12
6786:5,023
6752:1 / 12
6736:6,555
6702:1 / 12
6686:5,977
6641:1 / 12
6625:8,200
6585:4 / 12
6574:7,097
6529:Seats
6526:Votes
6447:7 / 14
6419:39.5%
6394:7 / 14
6366:43.5%
6342:8 / 14
6314:48.2%
6289:8 / 14
6261:42.3%
6236:5 / 14
6216:19.7%
6208:33.6%
6178:9 / 14
6150:53.3%
6126:7 / 14
6098:46.6%
6073:7 / 14
6045:43.7%
6000:11.0%
5992:50.3%
5967:3 / 11
5939:39.3%
5905:5 / 11
5885:18.7%
5877:39.1%
5821:57.8%
5774:51.1%
5727:52.1%
5680:49.4%
5634:48.1%
5582:Votes
5513:40.0%
5508:4 / 10
5503:47.4%
5470:Share
5464:Share
5450:Seats
5447:Votes
5401:, and
5282:12.03
5120:50.9%
5072:46.5%
5023:46.5%
4968:48.8%
4919:45.1%
4876:3 / 36
4863:32.0%
4814:52.9%
4760:54.2%
4711:84.1%
4662:52.4%
4613:57.0%
4574:39.8%
4525:Seats
4522:Votes
4446:1 / 12
4412:Seats
4392:Party
4341:1 / 15
3775:
3773:
3766:
3764:
3627:Rowley
2954:Panday
2741:
2739:
2732:
2730:
2723:
2721:
2631:, the
2616:, the
2387:Senate
2341:, the
2337:, the
2310:, the
2300:Creole
2269:under
2194:centre
1951:Modern
1892:Turkey
1877:Taiwan
1867:Sweden
1837:Serbia
1827:Russia
1805:Poland
1785:Panama
1780:Norway
1740:Mexico
1725:Latvia
1703:Israel
1666:Greece
1651:France
1616:Cyprus
1574:Canada
1564:Brazil
1524:Europe
1422:Macron
1367:Madero
1332:Deakin
1322:Levski
1297:Cavour
1282:Juárez
1272:Cobden
1204:Badawi
1194:Nozick
1174:Berlin
1164:Popper
1139:Keynes
1134:Ortega
1099:Arnold
1059:Guizot
1019:Korais
984:Turgot
944:Milton
824:Rights
817:Public
726:Speech
704:Market
677:Gender
624:Techno
619:Social
607:Jewish
543:Equity
446:flower
383:7 / 14
369:1 / 15
335:Senate
309:Colors
288:Centre
248:(2022)
220:MAGNUM
143:Senate
76:Leader
10078:(139)
9430:9 May
9397:8 May
8763:7 May
8321:S2CID
8001:(PDF)
7990:(PDF)
7967:Stuff
7852:(PDF)
7841:(PDF)
7818:Stuff
7635:(PDF)
7618:(PDF)
7518:(PDF)
7501:(PDF)
7162:9.6*
7105:50.4
7049:54.7
7003:10.0
6995:61.2
6944:51.2
6901:11.7
6893:58.4
6850:13.3
6842:46.7
6789:33.6
6739:36.7
6689:35.8
6628:41.4
6577:44.4
6427:4.1%
6374:4.7%
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