People's Defense Units

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Arab communities on the basis of ethnicity." Forced displacement of civilians and destruction of civilian property is not a war crime per se. These acts only become a war crime when there is no "imperative military necessity" for them. Amnesty International stated the report documents cases in which there was no such justification. It furthermore states that "the circumstances of some of these displacements suggested that they were carried out in retaliation for people's perceived sympathies with, or family ties to, suspected members of IS or other armed groups", thus constituting "collective punishment, which is a violation of international humanitarian law".

4737: 5969: 5308: 5493: 4686: 4080: 95: 5865: 4761: 149: 71: 5509: 4519: 4667: 5185: 5550:. The first airdrop consisted of 112 pallets of ammunition and "other items like hand grenades", totaling 50 tons. However, statements from the US that the aid did not contain TOW's or anti-aircraft weapons made it clear that the U.S. continued to have serious regard for the interests of Turkey, which has warned against continued US support for the YPG. On the other hand, the US also supported Islamist rebel groups who fought the YPG. During the Battle of Aleppo, the US-backed 107: 14271: 4451: 4784: 4527: 5797:) began receiving human rights training from Geneva Call and other international organizations with the YPG pledging to demobilize all fighters under 18 within a month and began to enact disciplinary measures against commanders of the units that had involved in corruption and accepting recruit under age of 18 to their ranks. In October 2015 the YPG demobilized 21 minors from the military service in its ranks. 6934:

They began kidnapping and killing Kurds. I am not a YPG supporter, and I will never be. But if it weren't for the YPG, not a single Kurd would be left in the Jazeera region". Crisis Group interview, Erbil, July 2013. A journalist working for a pro-KDP channel commented: "I was the most critical person against the PYD. But at the moment, I have to admit that they are saving the people from the worst".

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from areas where they might pose a danger. They further stated that IS was using civilians in those areas to plant car bombs or carry out other attacks on the YPG. By describing the events in Hammam al-Turkman before the village was evacuated, the Amnesty International report itself inadvertently supports these YPG reports of military necessity.

5373:(MLKP) has been sending volunteers to fight in the YPG since 2012. At least four have been killed in battle as of February 2015—one during the Battle of Ras al-Ayn and three during the siege of Kobanî. The party released a video in late January 2015 showing several Spanish- and German-speaking volunteers from Europe among its ranks in 4482:. However, the general outcome of this campaign was a massive advance by IS, which effectively separated the eastern part of Rojava from the main force of FSA rebels. IS followed up on its success by attacking the YPG and the FSA in Kobanî Canton in March and fighting its way to the gates of the city of Kobanî in September. The actual 4224:, after the agreement with Turkey, that Finland does not see the YPG as a terrorist organization and that Finland will continue to support the YPG. The Turkish terror classification is not shared by key international bodies in the fight against the Islamic State in which the YPG takes part. Due to this Turkish view, 5235:) from the US, which appear to have replaced some of the YPG's more bizarre homemade armour designs. Surprisingly, the YPG was permitted to keep these vehicles even after IS was defeated as a conventional military force. Even so, there was little doubt that their most likely future application would be against a 5201:

relied on vehicles captured from the Islamic State, AFVs left behind by the Syrian Arab Army (SyAA), equipment turned over by the SyAA in exchange for a safe passage (for example, after retreating from Mennagh airbase in 2014), and armoured vehicles donated by the US for light armoured vehicles and true armour.

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until the war ends it will be a good thing ...' You have terrorists in al-Raqqa and their families – the uncle, and brother, and sister – are here, and they are in communication, giving them information. We were forced to distance these families. Not detain them. Distance them. Take them outside of the area.

9313:

After the YPG took the village, on 15 June, a car bomb killed three YPG fighters 4 km from Hammam al-Turkman at a checkpoint in Damishli. The following day there were skirmishes between the YPG and IS in the village before IS was pushed back. A second car bomb went off at a YPG checkpoint at the

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The circumstances of some of the instances of forced displacement documented in this report suggest that they were carried out in retaliation for people's perceived sympathies with, or family ties to, suspected members of IS or other armed groups. This would constitute collective punishment, which is

5852:

On 23 April 2021, the UN released its third report on child recruitment in Syria, noting that the SDF's action plan had resulted in a significant decrease in child recruitment (from 216 cases in early 2019 to only 41 cases in early 2020), but that elsewhere in Syria, child recruitment continued to be

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Geneva Call which resulted in a broad new military directive strictly prohibiting all recruitment of persons under 18, ordering that any such persons within SDF be immediately removed from the payroll and transferred to the custody of the civilian Authority For Education, mandating the appointment of

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In comparison to the other major factions involved in the Syrian Civil War, the YPG has the least armor. To compensate for the resulting capability gap, the YPG became heavily involved in the production of DIY armoured vehicles, typically based on bulldozers or large trucks. The YPG has traditionally

6933:

Crisis Group interview, Erbil, 4 July 2013: Intensified Islamist attacks in Kurdish areas shifted Kurdish public opinion toward the PYD. A resident of Tell Tamr, a partly Kurdish town targeted by armed Islamist groups, said, "in the aftermath of the battle of Ras al-Ayn, Islamists entered Tell Tamr.

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on 10 March 2017, the Commission refuted Amnesty International's reports of ethnic cleansing, stating that "'though allegations of 'ethnic cleansing' continued to be received during the period under review, the Commission found no evidence to substantiate reports that YPG or SDF forces ever targeted

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With little armor and other heavy weaponry, the YPG relied almost entirely on Coalition airpower to destroy Islamic State vehicles and fighting positions. While this meant that Islamic State-operated AFVs were frequently destroyed before they could inflict serious damage on YPG forces, it also meant

5742:

published a report with reports that the YPG had driven at least 100 families from northern Syria and that in the villages of Asaylem and Husseiniya it had demolished resident homes. The report was made by Amnesty visiting the area contained in the report. It made local observations of destruction,

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groups did so the most often. The YPG proved to be the only Kurdish militia able to effectively resist the fundamentalists. While the YPG protected the Kurdish communities it was able to extract a price: it prevented the emergence of new, rival militias and forced existing ones to cooperate with or

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In some dangerous areas there are some specific cases that are very small, resulting from the terrorist threat, where families were sent away from the area ... Only 25 families were forced to leave across Rojava ... (They are told) 'Folks, remove your things please, and if you leave from this area

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At the same time, Ankara turned a blind eye to the Islamist fighters crossing from Turkey into Syria, viewing them – in addition to helping bring down the Assad regime – as potential counterweights to the PYD. The strategy backfired; the PYD not only gained territory, but also bolstered its appeal

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With Russia's entrance into the war in late 2015 backing the Syrian government, some reports have reported that the YPG coordinated with or received weapons from Russia, with rival opposition groups stating that the timing and targeting of Russian airstrikes were "suspiciously advantageous" to the

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The YPG's arsenal of ATGMs is without a doubt the most dangerous threat to the Turkish military. Despite capturing only a small number of these missiles from the Syrian Arab Army, the YPG has managed to secure a steady supply of ATGMs obtained on the Syrian black market. These have included models

5216:, that had been abandoned in government bases by their previous owners. With no other option, even these abandoned vehicles would be repaired and repurposed by the YPG. Even when the engine couldn't be repaired, the hulls of BTR-60s were strapped to the backs of trucks and used as improvised AFVs. 7347:

Colonel Talal Selo ... said the rapid advance overnight by thousands of troops from the Democratic Forces of Syria had brought the dam ... under their control on Saturday.... Selo said ... the latest round of fighting ... involved several thousand fighters from the Democratic Forces of Syria with

5766:

In interviews, YPG spokespersons acknowledged that a number of families were in fact displaced. However, they placed the number at no more than 25, and stated military necessity. They stated that the family members of terrorists maintained communications with them, and therefore had to be removed

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Russia's position towards the YPG is not clear, and the US actively supports it, but their diplomatic relations with the PYD are the opposite. In January 2016 Russia pushed for the inclusion of the PYD in the Geneva talks. The YPG would like to open a representative branch in the US, but in March

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Because the YPG operates in a landlocked territory, rival opposition groups as well as the Turkish and Syrian government were able to physically prevent foreign aid from reaching it. The YPG's seizure of Til Koçer in October 2013 (cf. above) created an overland connection to more or less friendly

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in each military service to receive and investigate reports of child recruitment, and ordering punitive measures by military police and by the SDF's Military Discipline Department against anyone found to be responsible for child recruitment. Geneva Call immediately praised the SDF's wide-ranging

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In 2017, Turkish court sentenced two Czech nationals to more than six years in prison for their reported ties to the YPG. In Germany, the YPG leads to controversies as it is up to the police to begin a prosecution for showing a YPG flag. In the state of Bavaria, fines for showing a YPG flag were

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joint operations room in 2014. Many of the partners are the same, and even the logo / flag with the Blue Euphrates symbol has common traits with that of Euphrates Volcano. The primary difference is that Euphrates Volcano was limited to coordinating the activities of independent Kurdish and Arab

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while the Kurdish fans reportedly proclaimed "We will sacrifice our lives for Bush". This resulted in clashes between the two groups who attacked each other with sticks, stones and knives. Government security forces entered the city to quell the riot, firing at the crowds. The riots resulted in

5334:

was among the first foreign volunteers of the YPG. Injured by an IS suicide bomb, he developed the "Lions of Rojava" recruitment campaign for foreign volunteers, launched on 21 October 2014 on Facebook. More than 400 volunteers from Europe, the Americas and Australia have joined the YPG as of

4374:

The YPG did not initially take an offensive posture in the Syrian Civil War. Aiming mostly to defend Kurdish-majority areas, it avoided engaging Syrian government forces, which still controlled several enclaves in Kurdish territory. The YPG changed this policy when Ras al-Ayn was taken by the

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The West is fully aware that the Syrian Democratic Forces are an important and reliable active on the ground, hence the military support. Unfortunately, they have not yet approached us at a political level while they keep their ties with Saudi Arabia, Turkey ... However, we do hope political

7365:

Tishrin is an incredible dam, not least of all because it sits cradled in a beautiful lush valley, in an otherwise dry and arid land. But also because of what Tishrin implies for the people of Rojava who have survived for the past two years under incredible economic and political conditions,

5127:

Relying on speed, stealth, and surprise, it is the archetypal guerrilla army, able to deploy quickly to front lines and concentrate its forces before quickly redirecting the axis of its attack to outflank and ambush its enemy. The key to its success is autonomy. Although operating under an

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A member of YPG's central command … said that the YPG formed in 2004 shortly after the Qamishlo riots, when a number of Kurdish youth realized that they needed to be able to defend themselves more efficiently. They did not officially declare themselves until the revolution started in

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health clinic in the village on 18 June killing a YPG fighter and injuring one civilian and three days later IS shot and killed a second YPG fighter near the clinic. It was after the death of this fighter that the residents were told by the YPG that they had to leave the village.

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Turkey had told ... the US that YPG forces would not be permitted to proceed beyond the Euphrates. In an apparent rebuke ... Kerry : "We're … enhancing our air campaign in order to help drive Da'esh, which once dominated the Syria–Turkey border, out of the last seventy-mile

5841:, as part of an ongoing educational process. Syria-based researcher Thomas McClure observed that “SDF are less likely to engage in such practices than any of the other forces in Syria, but seek to hold themselves to a higher standard of accountability and human rights.” 5208:, amassed an arsenal of hundreds of tanks and other armored fighting vehicles captured from the Syrian Arab Army, the YPG, which frequently avoided combat with government forces, had to make do with scraps. The YPG was able to acquire several vehicle types, including the 8410:

Former international junior bench press champion Ashley Dyball … wrote on Facebook, 'The s--- you see here is nothing like you see on the bias news reports, the Islamic state must be stopped and if it means I can't come home f--- it.' … Dyball faces prosecution if he

5565:

US aid to the YPG continued in late October with the deployment of up to 50 US special forces to assist the YPG, and an enhanced air campaign to support the YPG and local militia groups in their fight against IS. Some of these special forces participated in the

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Amnesty International this month faulted the Kurdish administration for arbitrary detentions and unfair trials.... Ibrahim said ... efforts were underway to improve its human rights record.... The Geneva Call ... promotes good treatment of civilians in war

5800:

According to the annual UN report of 2018, there were 224 cases of child recruitment by the YPG and its women's unit, the YPJ, in 2017, an almost fivefold increase from the previous year. This sparked immediate conversations with the anti-child-recruitment

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We'll look closely at all these accusations to determine whether there's any veracity to the claims ... We call on those who actually are or will participate in administering these areas to do so inclusively and with respect for all groups regardless of

5844:

On 29 August 2020, SDF announced the creation of a new system that anyone can use to confidentially report to specialized Child Protection offices any suspected case of child recruitment, in accordance with the action plan that the SDF signed with the

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Meanwhile, the situation had been stable in Afrin and Aleppo. The fight between the FSA and IS had led to a normalization in the relations between FSA and YPG since the end of 2013. In February 2015, the YPG signed a judicial agreement with the

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to the YPG, and in doing so, started military cooperation with one of the factions. While it expected that IS would quickly crush the YPG and the FSA, this alliance was not considered a problem for the US. The YPG won the battle in early 2015.

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infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) to the YPG. These reports appear to be based on the sighting of M2s with SDF flags and a video of YPG members training alongside M2s, and there is currently no evidence that such a transfer has occurred.

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The PYD's growing influence largely has come at the expense of other Kurdishgroups. In particular, it has prevented emergence of new, rival militias while forcing existing ones to cooperate with or join PYD forces on their

1975: 8375: 2535: 8956:, 13 February 2018. Quote: "The Kurdish People's Protection Unit—the Syrian militia of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)—probably will seek some form of autonomy but will face resistance from Russia, Iran, and Turkey." 744: 7310: 1305: 9703: 5465:, have been involved with the YPG despite threats by Australia to prosecute any citizens involved in the Syrian Civil War. Under Australian law it is a criminal offence to fight with any side in a foreign conflict. 1770: 650: 3411: 2756: 8792: 8078: 9140: 2854: 5136:

and backs them by suppressing enemy fire using mobile heavy machine guns. It also uses roadside bombs to prevent outflanking maneuvers, particularly at night. Its lines have generally held when attacked by

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approved of a plan that would have the United States directly provide heavy armaments to the major SDF component group, the YPG; the plan came before a planned final offensive to capture Raqqa from ISIS.

4433:(Til Koçer) following intense clashes with IS. The clashes lasted about three days, with the Til Koçer border gate to Iraq being taken in a major offensive launched on the night of 24 October. PYD leader 4437:

told Stêrk TV that this success created an alternative against efforts to hold the territory under embargo, referring to the fact that the other border crossings with Iraq led to areas controlled by the

5832:

conducted multiple training sessions with hundreds of SDF commanders about the UN-SDF Action Plan To Prevent Child Recruitment, and distributed informational posters and flyers about it written in both

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stating that 24 minors under age of 18 had been recruited by YPG, compared to 124 having been recruited by the Free Syrian Army and 5 by the Syrian Arab Army. In response, the YPG and YPJ signed the

1968: 7249: 2847: 2528: 6954: 6917: 6880: 6822: 2322: 913: 737: 5702: 12887: 3268: 3176: 1298: 9696: 7456:"Profil – Rojda Felat. Kommandeurin der Offensive gegen den IS in Raqqa und Bismarck-Fan. [Profile – Rojda Felat. Commander of the offensive against the IS in Raqqa and Bismarck-Fan]" 1763: 1473: 643: 6755: 4415:

join the YPG forces on its terms. This was how the Islamist attacks enabled the YPG to unite the Syrian Kurds under its banner and caused it to become the de facto army of the Syrian Kurds.

3404: 1961: 5170:, killing herself and several soldiers in the process. The attack was commended by pro-SDF sources as a courageous attack against a tank using explosives, which killed her in the process. 2749: 2521: 12953: 4534:

The YPG was able and willing to offensively engage and put pressure on IS and had built up a track record as a reliable military partner of the US. In 2015, the YPG began its advance on

4490:. This intervention had started with aiding the FSA against the government, but when the FSA was getting defeated by IS in eastern Syria, it escalated to bombing IS on Syrian territory. 13161: 11636: 3723: 730: 5543:

The YPG also received 27 bundles totalling 24 tons of small arms and ammunition and 10 tons of medical supplies from the United States and Iraqi Kurdistan during the siege of Kobanî.

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In July and August 2015 Amnesty International investigated the forced displacement of residents from 10 villages and towns in areas under the control of the Autonomous Administration

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11 June 2015, including at least ten U.S. volunteers, three of which were U.S. Army veterans. People from both China and the Chinese diaspora have also joined.

12665: 11840: 11656: 11293: 5179: 4550:, linking up Kobanî with Hasakah in July 2015. With the capture of Tell Abyad, the YPG has also broken a major supply route of fighters and goods for the Islamic State. 3169: 2960: 2885: 784: 484: 474: 14581: 14576: 14031: 11053: 10019: 9117: 8069: 4697:(YPJ), also known as the Women's Defense Units, is the YPG's female brigade, which was set up in 2012. Kurdish media have said that YPJ troops became vital during the 4166: 9008:

President Recep Tayyip Erdogan on Sunday said he was troubled by the advance of Kurdish forces, saying they could in the future create a structure to threaten Turkey.

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With these offensives, the YPG had begun to make advances into areas that did not always have a Kurdish majority. When the YPG and the FSA entered the border town of

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was established in Hasakah on 11 October 2015. It has its origins in the YPG-FSA collaboration against IS, which had previously led to the establishment of the

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criticized the YPG for accepting minors into their ranks, picking up on multiple earlier reports of teenage fighters serving in the YPG, with a report by the

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On 11 October 2015, the US began an operation to airdrop 120 tons of military supplies to the YPG and its local Arab and Turkmen allies to fight IS north of

4601:. The coalition had some heavy weapons and was supported by intense US led airstrikes. The capture of the hydroelectric dam also had positive effects on the 3016: 2392: 2251: 2028: 9424: 5390: 14307: 12620: 12404: 12172: 9925: 8179: 8135: 6838:

While rebel groups from across the ideological spectrum have clashed with the PYD, jihadi and Salafi groups have done so most aggressively and consistently

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among Kurds as their only protector from jihadis. In September 2013, a Turkish official acknowledged: 'We made the PYD stronger by trying to undermine it'

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Actual numbers are expected to be higher.... A number of pro-Government groups, including Hizbullah, also reportedly recruited children in small numbers.

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and Turkish military, the YPG is likely to keep a significant stock of missiles on hand for future use against Turkish armour and troop concentrations.

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He added that IS was benefiting from the presence of civilians in these areas, and using them to plant car bombs or carry out other attacks on the YPG.

8832: 4208:, although the organization itself is not recognised as terrorist. Finland and Sweden's alleged support for the YPG, is one of the points which caused 2594: 2276: 2207: 1899: 1637: 1503: 1337: 1076: 834: 6580: 5454:

While most countries do not object in principle to their citizens joining the ranks of the YPG, Turkey has been vocal against YPG's foreign recruits.

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protecting children in armed conflict, prohibiting sexual violence and against gender discrimination in July 2014. Kurdish security forces (YPG and

4147: 3742: 2266: 1521: 1497: 111: 9519: 12513: 11775: 11664: 10951: 10874: 9520:"General Assembly Security Council Seventy-fourth session Seventy-fifth year Agenda item 66 (a) Promotion and protection of the rights of children" 9348:"Syria: 4 brigades of the Free Syrian Army commit to prohibit sexual violence and the use of child soldiers [EN/AR] – Syrian Arab Republic" 7089: 6763: 6679: 5640: 4467: 3804: 2687: 1444: 1331: 1315: 941: 14141: 14056: 14026: 12640: 12543: 12473: 12394: 12314: 12070: 11421: 11416: 10977: 10052: 9920: 9191: 8449: 7976: 5501: 3997: 3914: 3512: 3502: 3497: 2928: 2878: 2799: 2720: 2644: 2387: 2008: 1095: 1061: 296: 8424: 7736: 7065: 13385: 12753: 12655: 12157: 11805: 10946: 10245: 9915: 9910: 8101: 7266:

Thousands of Syrians cut through a border fence and crossed over into Turkey … fleeing intense fighting … between Kurdish fighters and jihadis.

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governorates. It found cases of YPG fighters forcibly displacing residents and using fire and bulldozers to raze homes and other structures.

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In June 2015 the Turkish government stated that the YPG was carrying out an ethnic cleansing as part of a plan to join the Jazira and

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groups in Iraq, but could not change the even more fundamental problem, that the YPG had no allies willing to provide equipment.

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overarching tactical rubric, YPG brigades are inculcated with a high degree of freedom and can adapt to the changing battlefield.

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The self-defence committees that were to become the YPG were formed in July and August 2011 as the Self Protection units (YXG).

3487: 14551: 14238: 14166: 13269: 13041: 13021: 12817: 12553: 11938: 11350: 11023: 10250: 7115: 6016: 4260:. The riots began as clashes between rivaling football fans before taking a political turn, with Arab fans raising pictures of 3640: 3215: 3086: 2794: 2782: 2766: 2212: 2013: 1734: 1643: 1120: 889: 602: 14546: 8653: 8289: 7432: 6719: 14566: 14556: 14081: 12963: 12935: 12704: 12605: 12364: 12289: 12229: 11963: 11873: 11820: 11246: 10653: 10587: 10123: 9003: 7568: 6994: 3784: 3546: 3200: 3103: 3036: 2869: 2456: 2357: 2246: 2094: 2038: 1846: 1682: 1562: 703: 384: 221: 9125: 5227:

in its fight against Islamic State forces in northern Syria, the YPG received a large number of infantry mobility vehicles (

4299:(KSC) and established the People's Protection Units (YPG) militia to defend Kurdish-inhabited areas in northern Syria, i.e. 14561: 14451: 13291: 13031: 12896: 12748: 12379: 12100: 12095: 11013: 10869: 10567: 10338: 10168: 9746: 8524: 6296: 5537: 4084: 4062: 3929: 3371: 3245: 3108: 3051: 3002: 2469: 2077: 2048: 1687: 1567: 1414: 611: 6241: 4766:

Yellow flag of the YPG, first used since late 2012, widely adopted in 2013 and since then the official flag of the militia

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The YPG's press office media operation has been a particular focus of its opponents, with Turkey bombing its premises in

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that most AFVs were completely obliterated by Coalition aircraft, preventing their capture and further use with the YPG.

5167: 3346: 3118: 2922: 2487: 2192: 2187: 2058: 1820: 852: 256: 13306: 6384: 6081: 14333: 14161: 14151: 14016: 13995: 13975: 13960: 13342: 13016: 12916: 12558: 11611: 11443: 11231: 11069: 10910: 10647: 10480: 10468: 10390: 8160: 7342: 5706: 4622: 4487: 3970: 3696: 3235: 2804: 1268: 1066: 698: 588: 9392: 6440: 14428: 14176: 14126: 14000: 13965: 13425: 12982: 12876: 12409: 12399: 12197: 12060: 11848: 11815: 11438: 11018: 10879: 10689: 10485: 10129: 10113: 6663: 5732: 5662: 5462: 5224: 4831: 3958: 3482: 3341: 3186: 2625: 2583: 2241: 1802: 1572: 1557: 12045: 7360: 7141: 6220:"Turkey's Double Standard on Terrorism: Accuses BBC of supporting PKK, backs other groups from China, Russia and US" 5162:

A 20-year-old female YPJ fighter named Zlukh Hamo (Nom de guerre: Avesta Khabur) was reported to have carried out a

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The first success of the SDF was the capture of the strategic ethnically Arab town of al-Hawl from IS during the

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With the world fearing another massacre in Kobanî, American support increased substantially. The US gave intense

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capital. Several western sources have described the YPG as the "most effective" force in fighting IS in Syria.

4182: 4016: 3895: 3351: 3145: 3041: 2444: 2228: 2131: 1939: 1677: 1577: 1532: 1174: 313: 308: 281: 12610: 7708: 5532:, which led to a military alliance against IS. The United States provided the YPG with air support during the 14495: 14146: 14104: 13760: 13568: 13537: 13332: 12645: 12533: 12349: 12299: 12122: 11898: 11858: 11596: 11392: 11330: 11221: 11206: 10333: 10219: 10207: 10061: 9681: 8772: 8754: 6269: 4439: 2939: 2828: 2709: 2424: 2370: 2346: 2018: 1934: 1724: 1631: 1582: 1105: 999: 688: 13026: 11124: 11119: 10224: 8836: 3240: 14403: 14343: 14243: 14156: 14114: 13517: 12987: 12709: 12650: 12523: 12279: 12274: 12035: 12015: 11908: 11903: 11863: 11748: 11226: 11154: 10575: 10556: 10429: 10350: 10294: 9795: 9785: 9603: 9548: 9494: 8793:"In blow to U.S.-Turkey ties, Trump administration approves plan to arm Syrian Kurds against Islamic State" 5567: 4748: 4614: 4543: 4539: 4177:. In late 2015, the YPG became part of the SDF, an umbrella group intended to better incorporate Arabs and 3924: 3831: 3769: 3759: 3708: 3361: 3220: 2944: 2600: 2434: 2271: 1914: 1904: 1887: 1882: 1702: 1655: 1649: 1587: 1507: 1426: 1055: 937: 693: 246: 10000: 8924: 7378: 6526: 6242:"Conflict, politics and history: Why Turkey is standing in the way of both Sweden and Finland's NATO bids" 14388: 14233: 14076: 13990: 13980: 13970: 13955: 13895: 13795: 13642: 13522: 13501: 13466: 13357: 13352: 13233: 12866: 12797: 12344: 12304: 12137: 12055: 12040: 11616: 11581: 11362: 11129: 10956: 10659: 10623: 10611: 10515: 10435: 10344: 9800: 9751: 7955:"Western "comrades" join Kurds, Arabs, secularists, Yezidis, and Syriac Christians against Islamic State" 7673: 5889: 5652: 5351: 4724: 4694: 4680: 4205: 4197: 4143: 4045: 4002: 3866: 3861: 3841: 3789: 3713: 3556: 3380: 3288: 3071: 2933: 2419: 2376: 2136: 2121: 2088: 1924: 1909: 1692: 1242: 1090: 1083: 954: 266: 251: 206: 38: 7097: 6456:"The Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the People's Protection Units (YPG) in Turkish Official Discourse" 14383: 14171: 13362: 12694: 12334: 12132: 11574: 11345: 11134: 10635: 10617: 10526: 10299: 10284: 10278: 8690: 7765: 7163: 5458: 5369:

Dozens of non-Kurdish Turks (from both Turkey and the European diaspora) have also joined. The Turkish

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militaries. Since then, the YPG has primarily fought against IS, as well as on occasion fighting other

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initiative to eliminate and prevent child recruitment throughout all of SDF's military organizations.

4327:

and the surrounding areas. After negotiations, government forces withdrew and the YPG took control of

172: 14274: 13588: 13256: 13171: 12992: 12758: 12630: 12374: 12329: 12234: 12065: 11731: 11726: 11557: 11530: 11525: 11387: 11266: 11074: 10782: 10683: 10463: 10141: 10084: 9985: 9756: 9021: 5916: 5228: 4538:, a move they have planned for since November 2013. With American close air support, offensives near 4296: 4033: 3846: 3774: 3056: 2917: 2462: 2402: 2256: 2033: 1707: 1660: 1401: 1396: 1197: 1167: 1161: 993: 839: 99: 13578: 13453: 13438: 12906: 12625: 12615: 12600: 12424: 12269: 12090: 11795: 11492: 11433: 11043: 10599: 10593: 10581: 10457: 9790: 9773: 8885:"Abu Khawla: We coordinate with Russia and I brought thousands of opposition fighters to our areas" 7547: 6733: 5608: 5478: 4794: 4566: 4292: 4233: 4200:(PKK), which is listed as a terrorist organization. The flag of the YPG is also a banned symbol in 4112: 3992: 3987: 3934: 3851: 3448: 3326: 3278: 2985: 2912: 2907: 2822: 2698: 2572: 2497: 2429: 2261: 2116: 2053: 1929: 1537: 1019: 291: 153: 7455: 6413: 14461: 13532: 13491: 13481: 13276: 13130: 13051: 12856: 12719: 12548: 12538: 12284: 12264: 12050: 11800: 11770: 11753: 11631: 11283: 10671: 10538: 10356: 10322: 10316: 10272: 10213: 10135: 9830: 9820: 9810: 9621: 9599: 9544: 9490: 8237: 5666: 5635:

Despite this, YPG officials have said they did not cooperate with Russia. However, in July 2019,

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started in earnest when on 19 November 2012, the al-Nusra Front and a second al-Qaeda affiliate,

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against the Turkish state, several of the international volunteers were wounded and killed. The

4196:

According to Turkey and Qatar, the YPG is a terrorist organization, closely associated with the

3747: 3252: 14363: 14109: 13046: 12851: 12812: 12463: 12414: 12369: 12339: 11953: 11913: 11888: 11878: 11736: 11711: 11601: 11564: 11540: 11340: 10550: 10229: 9880: 9736: 9141:"UN report counters Amnesty International's claim that Kurds are ethnically cleansing in Syria" 8954:

Director of National Intelligence, Worldwide threat assessment of the US intelligence community

7501: 5985: 5744: 5690: 5574: 5551: 4736: 4582: 4240:, the US military provided US$ 715 million in weapons and equipment aid to the political party 3946: 3919: 3826: 3814: 3799: 3573: 3507: 3356: 3123: 2966: 2613: 2578: 2547: 2492: 2450: 2413: 2111: 1872: 1835: 1614: 1602: 1406: 1381: 1247: 1208: 1178: 1041: 1029: 965: 800: 286: 7459: 6984: 14423: 14413: 14373: 14353: 14348: 14338: 12493: 11973: 11164: 11139: 11038: 10532: 9731: 9676: 9307: 9273: 9238: 8755:"Syrian Kurds are now armed with sensitive US weaponry, and the Pentagon denies supplying it" 7043: 5911: 5739: 5492: 5252: 5159:

The YPG calls itself a people's army, and therefore appoints officers by internal elections.

4586: 4359: 3809: 2649: 1862: 1729: 872: 241: 9330: 7820: 7366:

exacerbated significantly by lack of access to water and electricity which Tishrin provides.

6455: 4685: 4589:. The dam was captured on 26 December. Participating forces included the YPG, the FSA group 4403:, attacked Kurdish positions in the town. The battle ended with a YPG victory in July 2013. 1495: 14096: 13735: 13496: 13322: 13296: 12822: 12354: 12167: 11918: 11883: 11716: 11701: 11547: 11236: 11159: 10961: 10859: 10733: 10173: 9995: 9960: 9890: 7826: 7616: 5819: 5703:

Human rights in the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria § DFNS-associated militias

5307: 4547: 4396: 4174: 4079: 4050: 3779: 3091: 3061: 2439: 2153: 1666: 1608: 1391: 1386: 1185: 708: 226: 194: 31: 9573: 9366:"Syria: Kurdish Forces Violating Child Soldier Ban Despite Promises, Children Still Fight" 4629:

in November. These operations extended SDF-controlled territory, usually at IS's expense.

4323:

In July 2012, the YPG had a standoff with Syrian government forces in the Kurdish city of

3607: 8: 14433: 14418: 14408: 14378: 14368: 13915: 13870: 13835: 13347: 13151: 12930: 12595: 12431: 11785: 11765: 11586: 11569: 11470: 11372: 11149: 10748: 10728: 10262: 9025: 6046: 5589: 5189: 4257: 4213: 4165:, where the YPG began to receive air and ground support from the United States and other 3982: 3321: 3298: 2816: 2588: 2166: 1857: 1852: 1527: 1439: 1237: 1217: 1144: 971: 776: 127: 9166: 8966: 8609: 8180:"'It wasn't about killing people': what drove a British farmer to the Syrian frontline?" 7821: 7617:"Kurdish female fighter detonates herself to destroy a Turkish tank in Afrin, statement" 5715:

Human rights in Syria § Human rights in the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria

5696: 14398: 14358: 13855: 13301: 12768: 12699: 12660: 11377: 11355: 10743: 10738: 9955: 9945: 8777: 8405: 7881: 7573: 6673: 6483: 5776: 4507: 4343: 2954: 2543: 1983: 1739: 1252: 976: 894: 11923: 11780: 9417:

YPG demobilizes 21 children under the age of 18 from the military service in its ranks

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in translation, though they are smaller than comparable units in standard militaries:

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province; the group also formed an operations room with multiple FSA factions, called

4162: 4142:

and came to predominate over other armed Syrian Kurdish groups. A sister militia, the

3794: 3737: 1697: 1455: 211: 14213: 13920: 13875: 13476: 13471: 13247: 13156: 13112: 12468: 11669: 11382: 10941: 10521: 9815: 8532: 8472: 8187: 8109: 8050: 7907: 7524: 7492: 7093: 6990: 6659: 6487: 6475: 6042: 5838: 5825:

On 15 July 2020, SDF issued a new military order prohibiting child recruitment. The

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Revolution in Rojava; Democratic Autonomy and Women's liberation in Syrian Kurdistan

6020: 5853:

systematic and widespread within Syrian government and non-government armed forces.

5536:

and during later campaigns, helping the YPG defend territory against attacks by the

4557:

in June 2015, parts of the population fled the intense fighting and the airstrikes.

4217: 3632: 13890: 13880: 13860: 13850: 13755: 13745: 13740: 13678: 13637: 13622: 13327: 12977: 12861: 12187: 12110: 11696: 11520: 11475: 11426: 11409: 11404: 11251: 11216: 10844: 10805: 10753: 10605: 9980: 9965: 9900: 8212: 6467: 6219: 5963: 5942: 5815: 5711:

Human rights violations during the Syrian Civil War § Syrian Democratic Forces

5508: 5281: 5153: 4760: 4701:. Consisting of approximately 20,000 fighters, they make up around 40% of the YPG. 4618: 4471: 4300: 4269: 4151: 4139: 3888: 3856: 3671: 3617: 3210: 2810: 2158: 2070: 2064: 1356: 1202: 1156: 1099: 1024: 1014: 713: 678: 407: 261: 163: 70: 8833:"Britain says uneasy after evidence of Kurdish coordination with Syria and Russia" 8635: 5725: 14510: 14487: 14456: 14325: 13905: 13810: 13785: 13708: 13698: 13693: 13683: 13632: 13627: 13199: 12294: 12115: 11681: 11448: 11271: 11144: 11048: 10441: 9300:"We had nowhere else to go, Forced displacement and demolition in northern Syria" 9266:"We had nowhere else to go, Forced displacement and demolition in northern Syria" 9231:"We had nowhere else to go, Forced displacement and demolition in northern Syria" 9192:"We had nowhere else to go, Forced displacement and demolition in northern Syria" 9105:

Of 225 buildings visible in June 2014, only 14 were still standing by June 2015.

9051:"We had nowhere else to go, Forced displacement and demolition in northern Syria" 6628: 6491: 6418: 6324:"German lawmaker sparks criticism after displaying banned YPG flag in parliament" 5976: 5864: 5794: 5612: 5559: 5443: 5391:

International Freedom Battalion § International Freedom Battalion fatalities

5359: 4637: 4575: 4463: 4400: 4363: 4135: 3909: 3664: 2364: 1371: 1257: 1049: 844: 167: 8401: 7569:"Female Kurdish Fighter Kills Turkish Troops in Likely Suicide Bombing in Syria" 7200: 7186:"Kurdish YPG and Jabhat al-Shamiya Agreement on Judiciary Cooperation in Aleppo" 5814:

In June 2020, United Nations reported the YPG/YPJ as the largest faction in the

14285: 14136: 13845: 13815: 13765: 13750: 13730: 13718: 13703: 13688: 13612: 12925: 11706: 11591: 11465: 11367: 11211: 10328: 9950: 9935: 9604:"New mechanism allows civilians to report child recruitment in northeast Syria" 9549:"SDF issues new directives to protect schools, children from military conflict" 7333:"U.S.-backed alliance captures key dam from Islamic State – alliance spokesman" 7284: 6301: 6297:"German police raid leftist for posting Kurdish YPG flag | DW | 19 August 2017" 5846: 5780: 5755: 5319: 5163: 4649: 4633: 4442:, while al-Yaarubiyah led to areas controlled by the Iraqi central government. 4380: 4355: 4304: 4261: 4237: 4209: 4104: 3612: 3293: 1366: 1139: 959: 858: 673: 123: 13573: 9711: 8739: 7904:"Kobani Kurds Use Facebook To Recruit Foreign Fighters in Struggle Against IS" 7646: 7480: 6850: 6471: 6351: 5818:

by the number of recruited child soldiers with 283 child soldiers followed by

4666: 4518: 14540: 13900: 13865: 13820: 13790: 13770: 13725: 13713: 13560: 13337: 11691: 11606: 11241: 10395: 10152: 10118: 9895: 9825: 8536: 8476: 8191: 8113: 6756:"The Kurdish Protection Units have formed a new brigade in the Al–Bab region" 6479: 5884: 5682: 5678: 5582: 5525: 5469:

issued, while the federal government declares that the YPG is not forbidden.

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groups, while the SDF is a single organisation made up of Kurds, Arabs, and

4474:

and IS in January 2014. The YPG collaborated with FSA groups to fight IS in

13830: 13805: 13780: 13775: 13583: 13221: 13166: 9905: 9167:"UN report refutes ethnic cleansing claims against Syrian Kurdish YPG, SDF" 8718:"'Obama orders US special forces to 'assist' fight against Isis in Syria '" 8136:"Foreign volunteers fighting with Syrian-Kurdish forces killed 'by Turkey'" 8026:"A Divorced Father-of-Two from Ohio Is Fighting the Islamic State in Syria" 7418: 6511: 5760:

Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic

5719: 5619: 5529: 5435: 5411: 5396: 5339: 5273: 5248: 4645: 4513: 4503: 4434: 4392: 4336: 352: 9970: 9650:

Military and Security Structures of the Autonomous Administration in Syria

4383:. At first the YPG conquered the surrounding government-controlled areas: 14228: 13910: 13840: 13825: 13800: 9629: 9607: 9552: 9498: 7011:"Kurdish Woman Leading Battle Against Islamic State in Kobane: Activists" 6623: 6328: 6270:"Sweden blasts Turkish 'disinformation' as Erdoğan delays NATO accession" 5870: 5787: 5604: 5497: 5431: 5269: 5141:(IS) forces who have better equipment, including helmets and body armor. 10030: 9118:"Syria and Islamist groups guilty of war crimes, YPG cleared: UN report" 7851:"'Border Eagles' protect Türkiye-Syria boundary with domestic equipment" 7201:"Kurdish Strategy Towards Ethnically-Mixed Areas in the Syrian Conflict" 7039:"Woman leads Kurds in battle against Islamic State in Kobane: activists" 5618:

On 9 May 2017, it was announced by the Pentagon that American President

14317: 13593: 8161:"Canadian man killed while fighting ISIS in Syria | Globalnews.ca" 5597: 5593: 5517: 5400: 5347: 5277: 5256: 5193: 4554: 4535: 4450: 4351: 4245: 935: 8450:"Turkish Supreme Court upholds six-year verdict imposed on two Czechs" 7164:"U.S. military: Airstrikes against ISIS won't save key city of Kobani" 6624:"Meet the YPG, the Kurdish militia that doesn't want help from anyone" 6043:"PYD announces surprise interim government in Syria's Kurdish regions" 14505: 14477: 13885: 10718: 10202: 8029: 7593: 7552: 6851:"YPG Commander: Kurds Are Bulwark Against Islamic Extremism in Syria" 6694: 6227:

Institute for Strategic, Political, Security and Economic Consultancy

5901: 5807: 5697:

Allegations concerning violations of international law and war crimes

5643:

stated that the Syrian Democratic Forces had cooperated with Russia.

5407: 5327: 4466:

units, was formally integrated into the YPG's command structure. The

4388: 10694: 8859:"Kurdish fighters in Aleppo deny receiving Russian military support" 8376:"Matthew Gardiner confirmed to be fighting Islamic State with Kurds" 8238:"Kurds pay tribute to 'hero' Erik Scurfield on anniversary of death" 6527:"U.S. general told Syria's YPG: 'You have got to change your brand'" 6175: 5658:

2016 interview its leader implied that it was not allowed to do so.

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suggested the YPG to change their name, after which the name of the

3184: 13603: 13551: 10774: 9672: 9654: 9100: 8402:"Australian man defends his actions fighting against Islamic State" 7138:"YPG and FSA form a joint military chamber to combat ISIS in Syria" 7112:"FSA and YPG cooperate against ISIL militants in Syria's Tel Abyad" 6581:"YPG deploys US-made TOW missiles in Syria amid possible operation" 6360: 6274: 5601: 5586: 5415: 4845: 4526: 4418: 4411: 4407: 4376: 4347: 376: 9574:"SDF announce new measure to tackle recruitment of child soldiers" 9393:"Western states train Kurdish force in Syria, force's leader says" 6720:"Arabs Across Syria Join the Kurdish-Led Syrian Democratic Forces" 2764: 1778: 10375: 10069: 9940: 9626:"Child recruitment by SDF down significantly since 2019, UN says" 9397: 8740:"EXCLUSIVE: Interethnic coalition takes on the IS group in Syria" 8266:(in Turkish). Etkin Haber Ajansı. 28 January 2015. Archived from 7830: 7337: 6531: 6389: 5311: 5149: 4201: 1313: 752: 9022:"US voices concern over allegations of rights violations by YPG" 8967:"Turkey air strikes on Kurds in Syria and Iraq spark US concern" 7737:"All About the YPG, the Syrian Kurds Dividing Turkey and the US" 5166:

towards Turkish troops and a tank during the early phase of the

4742:

Horizontal red flag of the YPG, used since 2011 until early 2013

4369: 4138:

militia. The YPG was formed in 2011. It expanded rapidly in the

11075:

Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria

10839: 10758: 10500: 10361: 9990: 9778: 9468: 8070:"British ex-trader who fought Isil describes escape from Syria" 7709:"Kurdish Armour: Inventorising YPG Equipment In Northern Syria" 5906: 5834: 5244: 5240: 5213: 5209: 5133: 4308: 4268:

They did not, however, emerge as a significant force until the

4221: 3419: 658: 9004:"Turkey accuses Kurdish forces of 'ethnic cleansing' in Syria" 8465:"Kurdische Symbole in Deutschland: Rechtslage? Mal so, mal so" 7548:"A rare glimpse into Kurdish armed forces in Syrian Kurdistan" 6441:"Finlandiya: YPG'ye terör örgütü demedik, değişen bir şey yok" 5743:

and collected testimonies from former and actual residents of

4754:

Variant of the horizontal red flag, also used until early 2013

4730:

Vertical red flag of the YPG, used since 2011 until early 2013

4311:. Originally a wholly Kurdish force, the YPG began to recruit 4256:

Kurdish activists attempted to unify themselves following the

4083:

SDF-controlled territory (green), claimed territory (orange),

14500: 14219:

Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference

10834: 10723: 10544: 10409: 9577: 8811:"Trump OKs arms for Syrian Kurds, despite Turkish objections" 8213:"Three foreign YPG volunteers released from jail, going home" 7621: 7397:"Middle East Concerns grow about abuses, war crimes in Syria" 7250:"Thousands of Syrians flee into Turkey amid intense fighting" 5686: 5547: 5427: 4662:

Turkish military intervention in Syria (January 2018–present)

4332: 4312: 4284: 4186: 4123: 4108: 327: 9469:

Report of the Secretary-General: Children and armed conflict

9331:

Report of the Secretary-General: Children and armed conflict

8773:"Trump to Arm Syrian Kurds, Even as Turkey Strongly Objects" 5346:, Ryan Lock, Michael Israel, Nazzarno Tassone, Dean Evans, 4644:(160 killed or wounded). Spokesperson for the YPG said that 10187: 10098: 9071:"Syria: US ally's razing of villages amounts to war crimes" 8676:"YPG, allies clash with Syrian opposition groups in Aleppo" 8654:"U.S. delivers 50 tons of ammunition to Syria rebel groups" 8464: 8425:"Awkward contradictions in Australian foreign-fighter laws" 8290:"Internationalists martyred in Rojava remembered in Greece" 8264:"Enternasyonal devrimciler: Her dilden devrimi savunuyoruz" 7015: 6606:"UA 15/05 Torture and ill-treatment/ possible unfair trial" 6246: 6201:"Syrian terrorist list produces 163 names and no agreement" 5669:

described YPG as the Syrian wing of PKK in its new report.

5236: 5232: 5180:

List of military equipment used by Syrian Democratic Forces

4522:

Military situation in the Syrian Civil War in November 2015

8350:"Turkey increasingly vocal against YPG's foreign recruits" 7307:"Declaration of establishment by Syrian Democratic Forces" 6945: 6908: 6871: 6813: 3024: 14529:- country that sometimes recognized as part of Arab world 8003: 6654:

Ayboga, Flach and Knapp, Ercan, Anja and Michael (2016).

6124:. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 29 July 2016 6017:"Armed Kurds Surround Syrian Security Forces in Qamishli" 5826: 5802: 5419: 4115:(SDF). YPG provides updates about its activities through 14224:

International recognition of the Syrian National Council

9097:"Syria Kurds 'razing villages seized from IS' – Amnesty" 8610:"Turkey's Erdogan denounces US support for Syrian Kurds" 6789:"Kurds expel jihadists from flashpoint Syrian town: NGO" 5720:

Accusations of ethnic cleansing and forced displacements

4514:

Spring 2015: Offensive operations with coalition support

4445: 8309:"British woman killed fighting Turkish forces in Afrin" 6653: 6555:"US fails to account for $ 715M in weapons for YPG/PKK" 5500:

officer and YPG and YPJ commanders tour an area hit by

4585:

in November 2015. This was followed in December by the

4146:(YPJ), fights alongside them. The YPG is active in the 4116: 8986:"British film-maker killed by Isis militants in Syria" 6948:"Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria" 6911:"Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria" 6874:"Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria" 6816:"Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria" 6507:"We told YPG to change brand name in 2015: US General" 5641:

Syrian Democratic Forces' Deir ez-Zor Military Council

4655: 4244:(PYD) and YPG. Among the heavy weaponry provided are 4167:

Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve

4157:

In early 2015, the group won a major victory over the

3434:

Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic

13287:

National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change

9463: 9409: 9325: 8051:"The Chinese man fighting Islamic State with the YPG" 7977:"Exclusive: American explains why he's fighting ISIL" 5953: 5735:

reacted by starting an inquiry into the allegations.

5148:(HPG) have also trained and equipped more than 1,000 4560: 3662: 9495:"SDF command issues order banning child recruitment" 8102:"Briton killed while fighting against Isis in Syria" 7877:"Meet the American Vigilantes Who Are Fighting ISIS" 6358:[Good Kurds, bad Kurds. Who is terrorist?]. 5990: 5860: 5280:

ATGM. Despite frequently employing them against the

4236:(SDF) was found. According to the Turkish state-run 14592:

Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist

10926:

Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war

9132: 8705:

Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War

8583:Weaver, Matthew; Borger, Julian (1 December 2015). 7309:. Kurdish Question. 15 October 2015. Archived from 7248:Pitarakis, Lefteris; Mroue, Bassem (14 June 2015). 6658:. London, United Kingdom: Pluto Press. p. 51. 6061: 5707:

Syrian Democratic Forces § Reported war crimes

5204:While other Syrian Civil War factions, such as the 8903:"Russia: Kurds should be included in Geneva talks" 8525:"How Trump Betrayed the General Who Defeated ISIS" 8068: 7453: 7066:"Kurdish woman leads fight against ISIS in Kobane" 6176:"PKK / Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs" 4486:approximately coincided with an escalation in the 14582:Military units and formations established in 2011 14577:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria 9713:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria 9439:"Syria: Armed Group Recruiting Children in Camps" 7674:"Monsters Of Desperation: The YPG's Sturmpanzers" 7589:"Turkish troops targeted in Afrin suicide attack" 7520:"Analysis: YPG – The Islamic State's worst enemy" 7227:"Is Tal Abyad a turning point for Syria's Kurds?" 5338:Other prominent foreign volunteers have included 4148:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria 112:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria 14538: 14315: 10383: 8942:relations to materialize among us in the future. 8000:"The US volunteers who fight with Syria's Kurds" 7481:"404 error – This is not the page you requested" 7379:"Mapping Militant Organizations: Jaish al-Islam" 7325: 7188:. Syrian Rebellion Observatory. 5 February 2015. 6734:"Kurds Give Ultimatum to Syrian Security Forces" 5406:, aged 31, was killed on 24 February 2018 in an 5255:, the US has reportedly transferred a number of 5231:) and mine-resistant ambush protected vehicles ( 5156:as local defense units under their supervision. 4468:inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War 4419:2013: Kurdish control of al-Yaarubiyah/Til Koçer 3188:Syrian War spillover and international incidents 277:Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016) 14587:Organizations designated as terrorist by Turkey 12484:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict 12395:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate 10978:International reactions to the Syrian civil war 9391:Perry, Tom; Malla, Naline (10 September 2015). 8742:. France 24. 22 April 2016 – via YouTube. 8585:"Syria airstrikes: everything you need to know" 7433:"Meet the Kurdish Women Fighting ISIS in Syria" 5672: 5395:During the fight against IS and the defense of 3513:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria 3467:Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels 297:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria 10895:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present) 10306:Kurdistan Democratic Party – Progressive Front 10246:Action Party for the Independence of Kurdistan 9620: 9598: 9543: 9489: 9215:a violation of international humanitarian law. 8835:. Reuters UK. 23 February 2016. Archived from 7874: 7415:Syrian rebels admit chemical use against Kurds 7247: 6414:"Sweden's Nato ambitions run into Kurdish row" 6356:"Gute Kurden, böse Kurden. Wer ist Terrorist?" 4429:In October 2013, YPG fighters took control of 4406:While many rebel groups clashed with the YPG, 14301: 10790: 10046: 9697: 9657:: Omran for Strategic Studies. Archived from 8558:"Kobane: Air strikes help Syria town curb IS" 7140:. ARA News. 12 September 2014. Archived from 5472: 4632:On 7 April 2016, the Kurdish neighborhood of 4370:Late 2012: Islamist attacks make YPG dominant 4181:into the war effort. In 2016–2017, the SDF's 3648: 3405: 3170: 3010: 2855: 2750: 2529: 2316: 1969: 1764: 1481: 1299: 921: 738: 644: 392: 54: 11637:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan) 11034:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria 10921:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war 9138: 9063: 8582: 8347: 7818: 7473: 7361:"Photos of Tishrin Dam, Liberated from ISIS" 7353: 6678:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6084:. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 6011: 6009: 6007: 5922:List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War 4844:In 2017, the YPG began to form units called 60: 14177:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 11417:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013) 10983:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 8422: 7513: 7511: 5272:, as well as more advanced models like the 4812:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4674: 4342:By December 2012, it had expanded to eight 4318: 3423:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 14308: 14294: 14172:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 13121:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region 12320:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 12081:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 10797: 10783: 10257:Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan 10148:Organization of Iranian Kurdistan Struggle 10053: 10039: 9704: 9690: 9390: 9013: 8983: 8752: 8668: 8498:"Ist das Zeigen einer YPG-Fahne strafbar?" 7791:"Factbox: What is the Syrian Kurdish YPG?" 7198: 6385:"Der türkische NATO-Krieg gegen Kurdistan" 4613:In February, the YPG-led SDF launched the 3655: 3641: 3412: 3398: 3177: 3163: 3017: 3003: 2862: 2848: 2757: 2743: 2536: 2522: 2323: 2309: 1976: 1962: 1771: 1757: 1488: 1474: 1306: 1292: 928: 914: 745: 731: 651: 637: 399: 385: 366:Nalîn Dêrik Sozdar Dêrik Serhildan Garisî 69: 30:"YPG" redirects here. For other uses, see 14052:International demonstrations and protests 12158:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack 11454:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013) 10060: 9319: 8628: 8327:"Syrian fighters 'overrun IS encampment'" 7647:"Turkey's high stakes in post-ISIL Syria" 7241: 6982: 6946:International Crisis Group (8 May 2014). 6909:International Crisis Group (8 May 2014). 6872:International Crisis Group (8 May 2014). 6814:International Crisis Group (8 May 2014). 6611:. Amnesty International. 19 January 2005. 6004: 5689:for a raid during the late stages of the 5287: 4832:Learn how and when to remove this message 4689:Women's Protection Units in November 2014 190:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–13) 183:Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016) 14198:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany 13282:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution 9159: 9089: 8947: 8925:"Salih Muslim: Time Has Proved Us Right" 8023: 7991: 7849:AA, Daily Sabah with (4 December 2022). 7566: 7517: 7508: 6453: 6158:"US troops wearing YPG patches in Syria" 6144:"Turkey v Syria's Kurds v Islamic State" 6122:"Kurdish Forces Bolster Assad in Aleppo" 5770: 5507: 5491: 5306: 5183: 4684: 4665: 4525: 4517: 4449: 4395:(Kurdish: Dêrika Hemko). The subsequent 4078: 11262:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012) 11029:US intervention in the Syrian civil war 10764:List of Kurdish dynasties and countries 8682: 7949: 7947: 7518:Stephens, Michael (11 September 2014). 7280:"Why Is Turkey Fighting Syria's Kurds?" 7114:. ARA News. 12 May 2014. Archived from 6411: 5646: 5570:and coordinated airstrikes against IS. 5446:, was killed on Sunday, 17 March 2019. 5442:, an Italian man fighting for the YPG, 5434:, was killed in a Turkish airstrike in 4454:YPG-controlled territory, February 2014 4354:(Serê Kaniyê), and in the districts of 4216:. In June 2022, then–Finnish President 14: 14539: 12666:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20) 11944:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov) 10545:Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement 10251:Democratic National Union of Kurdistan 9646: 9225: 9223: 9186: 9184: 9006:. Agence France-Presse. 16 June 2015. 8688: 8522: 8394: 7454:Moritz Baumstieger (9 November 2016). 7447: 7299: 7084: 7082: 6989:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 116. 6067: 5457:Several Australians, including former 5322:fighters of the YPG in northern Syria. 4717:Flags of the People's Protection Units 3026:Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present) 62:‏وحدات حماية الشعب‎‎ 14289: 14167:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present) 13937: 13667: 13093: 12954:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike 12774:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict 12514:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May) 12479:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb) 12390:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18) 12380:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18) 11095: 10816: 10778: 10666:Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party 10034: 9685: 9019: 8636:"PUKmedia یەکێتیی نیشتمانیی کوردستان" 8462: 8306: 8177: 8099: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7814: 7812: 7760: 7758: 7731: 7729: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7641: 7639: 7545: 7430: 7277: 7058: 6382: 6350: 6267: 6239: 6079: 6019:. Rudaw. 22 July 2012. Archived from 5962: 5292: 4446:2014: Fight against the Islamic State 4185:led to the liberation of the city of 3636: 3393: 3158: 2998: 2843: 2738: 2517: 2304: 1957: 1752: 1469: 1287: 909: 726: 632: 380: 138:78,000 (Including YPJ, 2017 estimate) 13292:Syrian Revolution General Commission 13032:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria 11811:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field 11014:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 10804: 10339:Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party 10169:Iranian Call and Reform Organization 9139:Antonopoulos, Paul (15 March 2017). 8689:Steele, Jonathan (3 December 2015). 8678:. Middle East Eye. 29 November 2015. 8081:from the original on 12 January 2022 8024:Zurutuza, Karlos (23 October 2014). 7997: 7944: 7875:Jennifer Percy (30 September 2015). 6621: 6615: 6579:AA, Daily Sabah with (9 June 2022). 6095:Cook, Steven A. (25 February 2016). 6094: 5964:[jɛkiːnɛjeːnpɑːɾɑːstɯnɑːɡɛl] 5540:. Turkey has criticised US support. 4810:adding citations to reliable sources 4777: 4265:around 36 dead, most of them Kurds. 4226:US Army Special Operations Commander 4029:5th al-Qamishli & 4th al-Hasakah 3246:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 2393:2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict 2029:1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict 406: 14249:Syrian civil war in popular culture 14142:UN Security Council Resolution 2118 12071:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun) 11761:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul) 11744:First Battle of the Shaer gas field 10701:Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan 10475:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria 10311:Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party 10290:Communist Party of Kurdistan – Iraq 9421:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 9220: 9181: 7957:. Your Middle East. 29 October 2014 7079: 7031: 6504: 6217: 5980: 5946: 5438:on 15 March 2018. In the battle of 4656:2018: Turkish military intervention 4530:YPG-controlled territory, June 2015 61: 24: 14152:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement 13343:Authenticity and Development Front 13017:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown 13012:December 2011 Turkish border clash 12803:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes 12260:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb) 12173:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov) 12031:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar) 11299:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres 11070:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 11024:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 10911:Casualties of the Syrian civil war 10481:Kurdish Democratic Political Union 10469:Kurdish National Alliance in Syria 10124:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran 9020:Saeed, Yerevan (14 October 2015). 7848: 7837: 7809: 7755: 7726: 7691: 7636: 7341:. 28 December 2015. Archived from 7278:Abadi, Cameron (17 October 2019). 7003: 6976: 6578: 6443:(in Turkish). Diken. 30 June 2022. 6405: 6383:Kerem, Schamberger (24 May 2022). 5685:(IS) singling out its premises in 4670:Military situation in January 2019 4561:Autumn 2015: foundation of the SDF 4488:American-led intervention in Syria 3526:U.S.-led intervention against ISIL 25: 14603: 13042:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident 12983:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut 12936:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike 12504:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May) 12489:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar) 12230:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017) 12096:May Jableh & Tartous bombings 12046:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 12011:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 11964:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016) 11351:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr) 11019:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone 10690:Society for the Rise of Kurdistan 10486:Movement for a Democratic Society 9666: 9423:. 28 October 2015. Archived from 7819:@worldonalert (13 October 2019). 7567:Nordland, Rod (28 January 2018). 7096:. 27 October 2013. Archived from 6762:. 4 December 2012. Archived from 5728:cantons into a single territory. 5663:Director of National Intelligence 5377:; they were reorganised into the 5091:55 (Martyr Abu Shayar battalion) 4117:YPG Press Office Telegram channel 4111:and the primary component of the 3261:Jordanian–Syrian border incidents 14471:Autonomous regional armed forces 14457:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 14270: 14269: 13986:2017 Northern regional elections 13618:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria 13229:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 13094: 12744:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah 12641:Turkish offensive into northeast 12621:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug) 12509:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr) 12178:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov) 12021:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 11289:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush 11170:2010s in Syria political history 10916:Refugees of the Syrian civil war 10678:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan 10642:Kurdistan Democratic Party/North 9614: 9592: 9566: 9537: 9512: 9483: 9457: 9431: 9384: 9358: 9340: 9292: 9258: 9110: 9043: 8996: 8984:Matt Blake (27 September 2017). 8977: 8959: 8917: 8895: 8877: 8851: 8825: 8803: 8785: 8765: 8746: 8732: 8710: 8646: 8602: 8576: 8550: 8516: 8315:– via www.theguardian.com. 8133: 7706: 7671: 7090:"YPG takes control of Til Koçer" 5863: 5528:led negotiations with the US in 5487: 5371:Marxist-Leninist Communist Party 4782: 4759: 4747: 4735: 4723: 4275: 4251: 3488:Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation 3372:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 3332:2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria 2800:Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike 147: 105: 93: 14444:States with limited recognition 14182:Syrian Constitutional Committee 13528:International Freedom Battalion 13126:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 12524:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun) 12474:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr) 12420:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov) 12275:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr) 12250:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb) 12240:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17) 12106:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct) 12086:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May) 12026:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb) 11894:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing 11776:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov) 11622:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov) 11553:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug) 11422:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct) 11257:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014) 11232:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation 9640: 9124:. 15 March 2017. Archived from 8691:"The Syrian Kurds are winning!" 8490: 8463:Peter, Erik (16 October 2019). 8456: 8442: 8416: 8368: 8341: 8319: 8300: 8282: 8256: 8230: 8205: 8178:Blake, Matt (29 October 2016). 8171: 8153: 8127: 8093: 8061: 8043: 8017: 7969: 7922: 7910:Radio Liberty. 13 November 2014 7896: 7868: 7783: 7665: 7609: 7581: 7560: 7539: 7424: 7407: 7389: 7371: 7271: 7219: 7192: 7178: 7156: 7130: 7104: 6939: 6902: 6865: 6843: 6807: 6781: 6748: 6726: 6712: 6692: 6686: 6647: 6622:Gold, Danny (31 October 2012). 6598: 6572: 6547: 6519: 6498: 6447: 6433: 6376: 6344: 6316: 6289: 6261: 6233: 6211: 6193: 6168: 6082:"Ascent of the PYD and the SDF" 5896:Party of Free Life of Kurdistan 5880:International Freedom Battalion 5581:were equipped with US-supplied 5379:International Freedom Battalion 5303:International Freedom Battalion 5243:). Aside from a large fleet of 4704: 4212:to oppose Finland and Sweden's 3327:2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike 3231:Syrian–Turkish border incidents 3146:3rd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 3087:2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 3077:1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 27:Mainly-Kurdish militia in Syria 14572:Irregular units and formations 13037:Assassination of Andrei Karlov 12907:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents 12606:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor 12350:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun) 12153:September Deir ez-Zor air raid 12143:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep) 12101:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun) 12091:Northern Raqqa offensive (May) 11979:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown 10425:Descendants of Saladin Brigade 10268:Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq 9653:. Translated by Obaida Hitto. 9197:. October 2015. Archived from 8523:Wright, Robin (4 April 2019). 8100:Blake, Matt (2 January 2017). 6412:Richard, Milne (20 May 2022). 6240:Turak, Natasha (23 May 2022). 6150: 6136: 6114: 6097:"Who Exactly Are 'the Kurds'?" 6088: 6073: 6035: 5935: 5558:for control of the village of 4130:; it is closely allied to the 4126:, but also includes Arabs and 3067:7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 3037:6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2788:5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2656:4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2639:Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident 2457:3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2277:2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2213:1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict 18:People's Protection Units 13: 1: 14552:Apoist organizations in Syria 13981:2017 Northern local elections 13971:2015 Northern local elections 13333:National Front for Liberation 13270:Local Coordination Committees 12818:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct) 12656:Israeli missile strikes (Nov) 12300:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack 11597:Khan al-Assal chemical attack 11393:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing 11207:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb 10992:Specific groups and countries 10817: 10334:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party 9647:Rashid, Bedir Mulla (2018) . 8348:Metin Gurcan (28 June 2017). 8307:Blake, Matt (19 March 2018). 7998:Muir, Jim (23 October 2014). 7546:Ahmad, Rozh (6 August 2012). 6454:Deewanee, Azad (March 2022). 5928: 5754:In a report published by the 5034:Martyr Şevger Kobanî Regiment 4440:Kurdistan Regional Government 4248:American anti-tank missiles. 3483:Turkey–Islamic State conflict 3289:Iraqi–Syrian border incidents 3269:Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line 2388:April 2017 Turkish airstrikes 56:Yekîneyên Parastina Gel (YPG) 14567:Syrian Kurdish organizations 14557:2011 establishments in Syria 14244:2015 European migrant crisis 13518:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 12410:Euphrates Crossing offensive 11904:Western al-Hasakah offensive 11864:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 11732:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug) 11488:Quneitra Governorate clashes 11227:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh 11155:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 11096: 10904:Effects and ongoing concerns 10576:Communist Party of Kurdistan 10557:Civil Protection Units-Women 10351:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 10295:Kurdistan Conservative Party 9311:. October 2015. p. 17. 8817:. 9 May 2017. Archived from 8616:. BBC News. 10 February 2016 8452:. Radio Praha. 24 July 2018. 8352:. Al-Monitor. Archived from 6505:Ali, Sangar (22 July 2017). 5673:International media outreach 5568:al-Shaddadi offensive (2016) 5173: 4470:led to open war between the 3724:1st Tell Hamis and Tell Brak 1998:(March 2016 – February 2017) 1656:Western al-Hasakah offensive 1588:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 7: 14562:Kurdistan Communities Union 14132:U.S.–Russia peace proposals 14087:Syrian government reactions 14077:Status of the Golan Heights 14072:Sectarianism and minorities 13996:2020 parliamentary election 13976:2016 parliamentary election 13961:2012 parliamentary election 13938: 13896:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid 13796:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni 13643:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan 13502:Northern Democratic Brigade 13358:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria 13353:Revolutionary Commando Army 13234:Popular Mobilization Forces 13022:2012 Turkish border clashes 12611:Dêrik prison escape attempt 12016:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan) 11969:2015–2016 Latakia offensive 11939:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep) 11934:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug) 11821:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec) 11806:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict 11582:Bayda and Baniyas massacres 10890:Sectarianism and minorities 10865:Syrian government reactions 10624:Kurdistan Communities Union 10612:Freedom and Democracy Party 10085:Yezidi National Union (ULE) 7979:. USA Today. 7 October 2014 7932:. Syriahr.com. 11 June 2015 7431:Trieb, Erin (August 2014). 6268:Bayer, Lili (20 May 2022). 6080:Barfi, Barak (April 2016). 5991: 5954: 5856: 5653:Foreign relations of Rojava 5449: 5422:fighter, the British woman 5352:Konstandinos Erik Scurfield 4636:in Aleppo was shelled with 4303:and the Kurdish enclave of 4206:Strafgesetzbuch section 86a 4122:The YPG mostly consists of 4119:and social media accounts. 3503:Idlib Governorate operation 3135:Iranian consulate airstrike 3052:4th Israeli missile strikes 2950:3rd Israeli missile strikes 2923:2nd Israeli missile strikes 2694:Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes 2336:in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017) 2089:12th–14th Aleppo offensives 267:Battle of al-Hasakah (2016) 252:Battle of Tell Abyad (2016) 207:Battle of Tell Abyad (2013) 10: 14608: 14127:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan 14001:2021 presidential election 13966:2014 presidential election 13668: 13212:medical facility targeting 13068:Deir ez-Zor missile strike 13027:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings 12946:Jordanian border incidents 12591:Idlib inter-rebel conflict 12529:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun) 12405:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec) 12193:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec) 12163:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct) 12133:Operation Euphrates Shield 12061:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 11949:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 11874:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul) 11869:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr) 11816:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 11665:First Inter-rebel conflict 11627:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 11536:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013) 11439:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 10636:Islamic Party of Kurdistan 10630:Kurdistan Islamic Movement 10618:Freedom and Equality Party 10300:Kurdistan Democratic Party 10285:Kurdish Tribal Association 10279:Kurdistan Islamic Movement 10130:Kurdistan Democratic Party 9277:. October 2015. p. 29 9242:. October 2015. p. 28 8973:. BBC News. 25 April 2017. 8861:. ARA News. Archived from 8564:. BBC News. 8 October 2014 7199:van Wilgenburg, Wladimir. 6776:Kurdish Information Center 5700: 5650: 5476: 5473:Foreign government support 5388: 5296: 5177: 5132:The YPG relies heavily on 5114: 4678: 4659: 4422: 4295:(KNC), joined to form the 4150:(Rojava), particularly in 4017:2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes 3959:Northern Aleppo insurgency 3591:April 2018 missile strikes 3461:2012 Hezbollah involvement 2430:Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike 2143:Operation Euphrates Shield 2019:9th–11th Aleppo offensives 823:Shayrat & Tiyas ambush 282:Raqqa campaign (2016–2017) 272:Operation Euphrates Shield 36: 29: 14547:People's Protection Units 14524: 14486: 14470: 14442: 14324: 14265: 14206: 14190: 14095: 14009: 13948: 13944: 13933: 13674: 13663: 13602: 13589:Group of the One and Only 13569:Military activity of ISIL 13559: 13550: 13510: 13462:People's Protection Units 13452: 13444:Smaller political parties 13424: 13415:Autonomous Administration 13413: 13371: 13315: 13255: 13246: 13180: 13172:Palestine Liberation Army 13144: 13111: 13104: 13100: 13089: 13060: 13001: 12962: 12944: 12915: 12886: 12875: 12836: 12782: 12728: 12705:Idlib Governorate clashes 12679: 12631:Hass refugee camp bombing 12567: 12519:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr) 12440: 12355:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug) 12330:Maskanah Plains offensive 12325:Desert campaign (May–Jul) 12255:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun) 12206: 11987: 11829: 11727:Second siege of Wadi Deif 11722:Kafr Zita chemical attack 11687:Daraa offensive (Feb–May) 11645: 11558:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl 11501: 11307: 11294:Idlib Governorate clashes 11279:Daraa Governorate clashes 11247:Jabal al-Zawiya operation 11178: 11108: 11104: 11091: 11062: 10991: 10970: 10934: 10903: 10827: 10823: 10812: 10714: 10684:Rights and Freedoms Party 10654:Peoples' Democratic Party 10648:Peace and Democracy Party 10588:Democratic People's Party 10566: 10508: 10499: 10464:Kurdish Supreme Committee 10450: 10430:People's Protection Units 10417: 10408: 10374: 10238: 10195: 10186: 10161: 10142:Kurdistan Free Life Party 10106: 10097: 10077: 10068: 10015: 9986:North Mesopotamian Arabic 9876: 9869: 9852: 9845: 9796:People's Protection Units 9727: 9720: 8753:Shawn Snow (7 May 2017). 8329:. BBC News. 19 March 2019 7500:Cite uses generic title ( 6983:N. Abboud, Samer (2015). 6472:10.1177/00438200211063520 5822:with 245 child soldiers. 5626: 5609:holographic weapon sights 5384: 5119:According to a report in 5051:Jian Judy and Dogan Fadel 4297:Kurdish Supreme Committee 4101:People's Protection Units 3743:American-led intervention 3709:Kurdish–Islamist conflict 3682: 3431: 3196: 3130:Israel–Hezbollah conflict 3047:Qamishli & Al-Hasakah 3032: 2896: 2890:(April 2019 – March 2020) 2795:Sep. 2018 missile strikes 2778: 2601:5th Deir ez-Zor offensive 2560: 2342: 2267:4th Deir ez-Zor offensive 2004: 1883:3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive 1791: 1785:(Sept. 2015 – March 2016) 1563:2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive 1516: 1510:(Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015) 1349:1st Deir ez-Zor offensive 1326: 1317:Rise of the Islamic State 1056:Kurdish–Islamist conflict 950: 765: 759:(Sept. 2011 – April 2012) 669: 628: 416: 358: 348: 340: 335: 321: 159: 142: 134: 119: 100:Kurdish Supreme Committee 88: 80: 68: 53: 48: 13579:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army 13523:Kurdistan Workers' Party 13467:Women's Protection Units 13439:Kurdish National Council 12888:Israel and Golan Heights 12759:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 12601:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani 12360:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 12315:April Turkish airstrikes 12290:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr) 12123:Southern Aleppo campaign 12066:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 11959:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec) 11929:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 11859:Southern Syria Offensive 11493:Talbiseh bakery massacre 11444:First siege of Wadi Deif 11434:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz 11331:January al-Midan bombing 11063:Agreements and dialogues 11044:Syrian Democratic Forces 10660:People's Democracy Party 10600:Democratic Regions Party 10594:Democratic Society Party 10516:Kurdistan Workers' Party 10458:Kurdish National Council 10436:Women's Protection Units 10391:Kurdish Democratic Party 10345:Kurdistan Toilers' Party 10208:Êzîdxan Protection Force 9801:Women's Protection Units 9791:Syrian Democratic Forces 9622:van Wilgenburg, Wladimir 9600:van Wilgenburg, Wladimir 9545:van Wilgenburg, Wladimir 9491:van Wilgenburg, Wladimir 8695:New York Review of Books 8378:. NTNews. Archived from 7229:. BBC News. 16 June 2015 5890:Kurdistan Workers' Party 5661:In February 2018, USA's 5554:battled the YPG and the 5479:Syrian Democratic Forces 4773: 4709: 4695:Women's Protection Units 4681:Women's Protection Units 4675:Women's Protection Units 4640:that may have contained 4567:Syrian Democratic Forces 4319:Control of Kurdish areas 4293:Kurdish National Council 4234:Syrian Democratic Forces 4198:Kurdistan Workers' Party 4144:Women's Protection Units 4113:Syrian Democratic Forces 3362:Kafr Takharim airstrikes 3141:February 2024 airstrikes 3104:3rd U.S. missile strikes 2981:2nd U.S. missile strikes 2772:(Sep. 2018 – April 2019) 2667:U.S.-led missile strikes 2573:Eastern Syria insurgency 2198:Aleppo aid convoy attack 1134:Darayya & Muadamiyat 1077:Tell Hamis and Tell Brak 292:Eastern Syria Insurgency 257:Northern Raqqa offensive 154:Syrian Democratic Forces 39:Women's Protection Units 37:Not to be confused with 14057:International reactions 14042:Human rights violations 13533:Sinjar Resistance Units 13492:Syriac Military Council 13482:Army of Revolutionaries 13417:of North and East Syria 13277:Syrian National Council 13131:Arab Socialist Movement 13052:Operation Spring Shield 12993:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017) 12973:Lebanese border clashes 12867:Northern border clashes 12828:Northwest clashes (Dec) 12808:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes 12710:Kafr-Takharim airstrike 12559:Northern border clashes 12280:March Damascus bombings 12245:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar) 12198:Palmyra offensive (Dec) 12076:Palmyra offensive (Mar) 11909:Palmyra offensive (May) 11754:Battle of Tabqa Airbase 11749:Eastern Syria offensive 11632:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 10539:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks 10527:People's Defence Forces 10357:Service and Reform List 10323:New Generation Movement 10317:Kurdistan Islamic Union 10273:Kurdistan Islamic Group 10214:Sinjar Resistance Units 10136:Kurdistan Freedom Party 9831:Afrin Liberation Forces 9821:Army of Revolutionaries 9811:Syriac Military Council 8707:, by Michael M. Gunter. 7766:"The Tweet of Damocles" 6218:Lin, Christina (2015). 5955:Yekîneyên Parastina Gel 5849:in the summer of 2019. 5681:in April 2017, and the 5556:Army of Revolutionaries 5223:In order to assist the 5146:People's Defense Forces 4608: 4599:Syriac Military Council 4591:Army of Revolutionaries 4460:Syriac Military Council 4425:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 4346:, which were formed in 4287:political parties, the 4132:Syriac Military Council 3971:Northern border clashes 3613:Australian intervention 3347:Russian Su-24 shootdown 3216:Iranian embassy bombing 2805:Northern border clashes 2554:(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018) 2470:Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019) 1415:Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017) 853:Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014) 661:Civil uprising in Syria 545:September–December 2019 530:September–December 2018 515:September–December 2017 500:September–December 2016 455:September–December 2012 440:September–December 2011 200:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 14516:People's Defense Units 14234:Syrian detainee report 14120:UN supervision mission 14110:Friends of Syria Group 14032:Damaged heritage sites 13434:Democratic Union Party 13386:Jordanian intervention 13307:Syrian Patriotic Group 13136:Syrian Communist Party 13047:2020 Balyun airstrikes 12902:February 2018 incident 12549:Qamishli clashes (Sep) 12464:Operation Olive Branch 12305:Shayrat missile strike 12138:Aleppo summer campaign 12128:Battle of al-Rai (Aug) 12041:February Homs bombings 11899:Battle of Yarmouk Camp 11889:Second Battle of Idlib 11602:Khan al-Assal massacre 11565:Ghouta chemical attack 10947:Early insurgency phase 10551:Civil Protection Units 10509:Militant organizations 10418:Militant organizations 10196:Militant organizations 10107:Militant organizations 9881:Flag of Northern Syria 7207:. Jamestown Foundation 6722:. MERIP. 28 July 2020. 6146:. BBC. 23 August 2016. 5992:Waḥdāt Ḥimāyat aš-Šaʽb 5947:یەکینەیێن پاراستنا گەل 5596:, and were armed with 5575:Battle of Tabqa (2017) 5552:Mountain Hawks Brigade 5521: 5505: 5323: 5288:International outreach 5197: 5130: 4690: 4671: 4548:conquest of Tell Abyad 4531: 4523: 4455: 4289:Democratic Union Party 4242:Democratic Union Party 4189:, the Islamic State's 4093:People's Defense Units 4088: 4085:Turkish-occupied Afrin 3574:Operation Martyr Muath 3569:Jordanian intervention 3473:Foreign rebel fighters 3274:February 2018 incident 3206:Lebanese–Syrian border 2887:Second Idlib offensive 2880:Operation Peace Spring 2783:Idlib demilitarization 2768:Idlib demilitarization 2566:3rd Northwestern Syria 2549:Operation Olive Branch 2545:Rebels in retreat and 2347:Eastern Homs offensive 1808:2nd Northwestern Syria 1638:1st Northwestern Syria 944:(May 2012 – Dec. 2013) 684:Homs (May–August 2011) 287:Operation Olive Branch 55: 49:People's Defense Units 14239:Syrian media coverage 14115:Kofi Annan peace plan 13538:Êzîdxan Women's Units 13487:SDF military councils 13217:military intervention 13190:Hezbollah involvement 13145:Military and militias 12988:North Lebanon clashes 12749:Missile strikes (Jan) 12636:Missile strikes (Aug) 12554:Missile strikes (Sep) 12499:Missile strikes (Apr) 12494:Douma chemical attack 12345:Daraa offensive (Jun) 12036:Al-Shaddadi offensive 11974:Tishrin Dam offensive 11854:Daraa Offensive (Jan) 11849:Air Force An-26 crash 11791:Daraa offensive (Oct) 11675:Deir ez-Zor offensive 11541:Battle of Raqqa (Mar) 11341:First Battle of Idlib 11165:Human rights in Syria 11039:Kurdish Area in Syria 10855:Background and causes 10220:Êzîdxan Women's Units 10062:Kurdish organisations 9806:SDF military councils 9732:Libertarian socialism 9465:U.N. Security Council 9333:(Report). para. 191. 9327:U.N. Security Council 9308:Amnesty International 9274:Amnesty International 9239:Amnesty International 9075:Amnesty International 8929:The Kurdistan Tribune 8469:Die Tageszeitung: taz 7345:on 28 December 2015. 7166:. CNN. 9 October 2014 7044:Sydney Morning Herald 6853:. Rudaw. 22 July 2013 6736:. Rudaw. 21 July 2012 5917:AANES–Syria relations 5771:Recruitment of minors 5740:Amnesty International 5733:U.S. State Department 5701:Further information: 5511: 5495: 5389:Further information: 5310: 5297:Further information: 5187: 5152:, who operate in the 5125: 4688: 4669: 4615:al-Shaddadi offensive 4587:Tishrin Dam offensive 4529: 4521: 4453: 4283:Existing underground 4087:(red) in October 2018 4082: 3547:2014 rescue operation 3221:North Lebanon clashes 2873:First Idlib offensive 2688:3rd Southern Damascus 2661:2nd Southern Damascus 2608:1st Southern Damascus 2272:18th Aleppo offensive 2236:17th Aleppo offensive 2223:16th Aleppo offensive 2203:15th Aleppo offensive 2193:Deir ez-Zor airstrike 2112:4th Latakia offensive 1814:3rd Latakia offensive 1522:U.S.-led intervention 1499:U.S.-led intervention 1382:2nd Latakia offensive 1248:1st Latakia offensive 791:Syrian–Turkish border 582:Background and causes 314:2015 Sinjar offensive 309:2014 Sinjar offensive 247:Al-Shaddadi offensive 242:Tishrin Dam offensive 126:militia with several 14429:United Arab Emirates 14147:Geneva II conference 14105:Arab League monitors 14082:Spillover in Lebanon 13991:2018 local elections 13956:2011 local elections 13736:Fahd Jassem al-Freij 13497:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa 13323:Syrian National Army 13297:Syrian Support Group 12823:Operation Claw-Sword 12798:Battle of al-Hasakah 12544:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov) 12385:Hama offensive (Sep) 12235:January Azaz bombing 12148:5 September bombings 11919:Tell Abyad offensive 11717:Battle of Al-Malihah 11617:Battle of Tell Abyad 11612:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 11363:May Battle of Rastan 11160:Damascus Declaration 11004:Russian intervention 10962:Syrian peace process 10952:2012–2013 escalation 10935:Phases and processes 10875:Inter-rebel conflict 10860:Syrian peace process 10734:Kingdom of Kurdistan 10672:People's Labor Party 10174:Kurdish United Front 9996:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 9493:(7 September 2018). 9427:on 21 November 2015. 8356:on 29 September 2017 7252:. AP. Archived from 6354:(24 February 2016). 5820:Hayat Tahrir al-Sham 5667:Trump administration 5647:Diplomatic relations 5590:night vision devices 5085:Martyr Shahid Baqour 4883:236 in 4 battalions 4806:improve this section 4397:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 4387:(Kurdish: Dirbêsî), 4315:from at least 2012. 4175:Turkish Armed Forces 3557:2017 missile strikes 3454:Iran–Israel conflict 3444:Iranian intervention 3236:Turkish F4 shootdown 3119:3rd Northern clashes 3109:2nd Northern clashes 3098:Northwestern clashes 2681:2nd Eastern Qalamoun 2178:1st Eastern Qalamoun 2009:8th Aleppo offensive 1945:2nd Maarat al-Nu'man 1894:7th Aleppo offensive 1873:al-Qamishli bombings 1868:2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin 1847:6th Aleppo offensive 1830:5th Aleppo offensive 1797:Russian intervention 1782:Russian intervention 1703:4th Aleppo offensive 1568:3rd Aleppo offensive 1558:1st Al-Shaykh Maskin 1543:2014 Idlib city raid 1332:Inter-rebel conflict 1106:Abu al-Duhur Airbase 1091:Nubl & Al-Zahraa 1042:2nd Aleppo offensive 1036:1st Aleppo offensive 699:1st Jisr ash-Shughur 485:August–December 2015 475:August–December 2014 232:Battle of Al-Hasakah 227:Tell Abyad offensive 217:Al-Hasakah offensive 195:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 173:2012 Rojava campaign 32:YPG (disambiguation) 14037:Foreign involvement 13916:Abdurrahman Mustafa 13871:Yassin al-Haj Saleh 13836:Abdul Halim Khaddam 13348:Army of Free Tribes 13316:Opposition militias 13207:Russian involvement 13195:Iranian involvement 13152:Syrian Armed Forces 12931:Operation al-Shabah 12897:March 2017 incident 12616:Tell Rifaat clashes 12432:Beit Jinn offensive 12425:Abu Kamal offensive 12365:Idlib clashes (Jul) 12335:East Hama offensive 12056:Battle of Tel Abyad 11796:Al-Safira offensive 11786:Homs school bombing 11575:Battle of al-Qusayr 11570:Al-Qusayr offensive 11373:Battle of al-Haffah 11346:Battle of al-Qusayr 11222:May Talkalakh siege 11130:Corrective Movement 11009:Turkish involvement 10999:Russian involvement 10749:Republic of Mahabad 10729:Kurdish nationalism 9786:Self-Defense Forces 9147:on 12 November 2020 9103:. 13 October 2015. 8839:on 23 February 2016 8429:lowyinterpreter.org 7651:Hürriyet Daily News 7460:Süddeutsche Zeitung 7383:Stanford University 7363:. 1 February 2016. 7313:on 24 February 2016 7100:on 9 December 2013. 6960:on 20 February 2016 6923:on 20 February 2016 6886:on 20 February 2016 6828:on 20 February 2016 6795:. AFP. 17 July 2013 6364:(in German). Berlin 5693:in September 2017. 5516:armored vehicle in 5123:regarding the YPG, 5062:Jazira – Girkê Legê 5045:Jazira – al-Hasakah 4593:, the tribal group 4258:2004 Qamishli riots 4171:Syrian rebel groups 4152:its Kurdish regions 3608:French intervention 3603:German intervention 3478:Turkish involvement 3449:2017 missile strike 3439:Russian involvement 3381:Spillover in Europe 3342:Spillover in Turkey 3322:2017 Tehran attacks 3072:3rd Al-Hasakah city 2137:3rd Al-Hasakah City 2059:Jableh & Tartus 2049:3rd Shaer gas field 1915:2nd Sayyidah Zaynab 1888:1st Sayyidah Zaynab 1693:2nd Al-Hasakah city 1661:1st Al-Hasakah city 1598:Hama/Homs offensive 1578:4th Daraa offensive 1553:2nd Shaer gas field 1533:3rd Daraa offensive 1528:Homs school bombing 1421:1st Shaer gas field 1377:2nd Daraa offensive 1320:(Jan. – Sept. 2014) 1218:Al-Qusayr offensive 1186:1st Daraa offensive 756:Start of insurgency 704:1st Jabal al-Zawiya 694:Rastan and Talbiseh 663:(March–August 2011) 14316:Militaries of the 13856:Ali Mahmoud Othman 13302:Adopt a Revolution 13265:National Coalition 13257:Interim government 12857:Damascus airstrike 12764:US airstrike (Jun) 12754:US airstrike (Feb) 12720:Deir ez-Zor ambush 12661:Qah missile strike 12539:As-Suwayda attacks 12534:Southern offensive 12375:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug) 12285:Al-Jinah airstrike 12051:Khanasir offensive 11771:Quneitra offensive 11531:Damascus offensive 11526:Battle of Shadadeh 11388:Battle of Damascus 11378:Al-Qubeir massacre 11356:Battle of Taftanaz 11267:Battle of Zabadani 10744:Republic of Ararat 10739:Kurdistansky Uyezd 10533:Free Women's Units 10230:Fayli Kurd Brigade 9602:(30 August 2020). 9443:Human Rights Watch 9370:Human Rights Watch 9204:on 8 December 2015 8778:The New York Times 8057:. 8 December 2015. 7882:The New York Times 7797:. 14 November 2022 7743:. 22 November 2022 7574:The New York Times 7144:on 14 October 2014 6332:. 21 November 2017 6207:. 16 January 2018. 6049:. 13 November 2013 5830:Fight For Humanity 5791:Deed of Commitment 5777:Human Rights Watch 5632:Kurdish militias. 5579:YPG special forces 5522: 5506: 5502:Turkish airstrikes 5414:in the village of 5324: 5293:Foreign volunteers 5198: 5102:Martyr Haboun Arab 4979:Martyr Bahoz Afrin 4877:Martyr Xebat Dêrik 4691: 4672: 4617:, followed by the 4546:culminated in the 4532: 4524: 4456: 4214:NATO accession bid 4128:foreign volunteers 4107:militant group in 4089: 4063:Turkish Airstrikes 3935:Eastern insurgency 3915:Turkish airstrikes 3884:2nd Western al-Bab 3879:1st Western al-Bab 3770:Western al-Hasakah 3760:Eastern al-Hasakah 3564:Qatari involvement 3318:Spillover in Iran 3114:Deir ez-Zor (2023) 2710:2nd Southern Syria 2505:7th Hama offensive 2488:Euphrates Crossing 2383:Aleppo bus bombing 2358:6th Hama offensive 2229:2nd Raqqa campaign 2218:2nd Western al-Bab 2183:September bombings 2173:1st Western al-Bab 2167:5th Hama offensive 2078:2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa 1900:1st Ithriyah-Raqqa 1853:4th Hama offensive 1740:Kuweires offensive 1548:Nusra–FSA conflict 1440:3rd Hama offensive 1238:2nd Hama offensive 1175:1st Raqqa campaign 1145:1st Hama offensive 535:January–April 2019 520:January–April 2018 505:January–April 2017 490:January–April 2016 460:January–April 2013 445:January–April 2012 430:January–April 2011 14534: 14533: 14283: 14282: 14261: 14260: 14257: 14256: 14214:Exclusive mandate 14191:War crimes trials 14162:2016 Geneva talks 13929: 13928: 13921:Fadlallah al-Haji 13876:Bouthaina Shaaban 13659: 13658: 13655: 13654: 13651: 13650: 13546: 13545: 13477:Al-Sanadid Forces 13472:Anti-Terror Units 13409: 13408: 13242: 13241: 13157:Syrian Resistance 13113:Politics of Syria 13085: 13084: 13081: 13080: 13077: 13076: 12852:Al-Sukhnah attack 12813:Jarqli airstrikes 12695:COVID-19 pandemic 12651:November bombings 12469:Battle of Khasham 12415:Mayadin offensive 12400:Battle of Harasta 12270:Palmyra offensive 11954:Al-Hawl offensive 11914:Qamishli bombings 11712:Latakia Offensive 11670:Battle of Markada 11483:Battle of Darayya 11459:Battle of Darayya 11383:Battle of Tremseh 11202:Syrian Revolution 11135:Islamist uprising 11087: 11086: 11083: 11082: 10942:Syrian revolution 10885:Cities and towns 10772: 10771: 10710: 10709: 10568:Political parties 10522:Kurdish Hizbollah 10495: 10494: 10451:Political parties 10404: 10403: 10384:Political parties 10370: 10369: 10239:Political parties 10182: 10181: 10162:Political parties 10093: 10092: 10078:Political parties 10028: 10027: 10011: 10010: 9865: 9864: 9841: 9840: 9816:Al-Sanadid Forces 9762:Political parties 9752:Foreign Relations 9128:on 17 March 2017. 9077:. 13 October 2015 8720:. 30 October 2015 8656:. 12 October 2015 8423:Lauren Williams. 7908:Radio Free Europe 7597:. 30 January 2018 7385:. 31 August 2017. 7118:on 8 October 2014 7094:Firat News Agency 6996:978-0-7456-9801-4 6766:on 8 January 2013 5989: 5981:وحدات حماية الشعب 5952: 5912:YPG–FSA relations 5784:Secretary General 5738:In October 2015, 5637:Rashid Abu Khawla 5440:Al-Baghuz Fawqani 5404:Haukur Hilmarsson 5381:on 10 June 2015. 5364:Haukur Hilmarsson 5299:YPG International 5154:Mount Sinjar area 5112: 5111: 5088:30 September 2017 5003:Date Established 4989: 4988: 4863:Date Established 4842: 4841: 4834: 4627:Aleppo offensives 4603:economy of Rojava 4597:and the Assyrian 4595:al-Sanadid Forces 4583:al-Hawl offensive 4571:Euphrates Volcano 4542:and from Hasakah 4495:close air support 4480:Euphrates Volcano 4272:erupted in 2011. 4076: 4075: 3630: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3598:Dutch involvement 3586:Saudi involvement 3389: 3388: 3357:Balyun airstrikes 3279:May 2018 incident 3241:Reyhanlı bombings 3201:Lebanon spillover 3154: 3153: 3124:Homs drone strike 2994: 2993: 2945:Northern bombings 2839: 2838: 2734: 2733: 2595:3rd Syrian Desert 2513: 2512: 2477:2nd Eastern Syria 2398:2nd Syrian Desert 2377:US Shayrat strike 2300: 2299: 2252:1st Syrian Desert 1987:Aleppo escalation 1953: 1952: 1748: 1747: 1465: 1464: 1427:1st Eastern Syria 1283: 1282: 1243:Bayda and Baniyas 905: 904: 722: 721: 480:January–July 2015 470:January–July 2014 465:May–December 2013 372: 371: 344:Mahmoud Berkhadan 341:General Commander 237:Al-Hawl offensive 16:(Redirected from 14599: 14488:Non-state actors 14326:Sovereign states 14310: 14303: 14296: 14287: 14286: 14273: 14272: 14047:Humanitarian aid 14027:Chemical weapons 14022:Cities and towns 13946: 13945: 13935: 13934: 13891:Fadwa Souleimane 13881:Abdulbaset Sieda 13861:Ibrahim Qashoush 13851:Ali Habib Mahmud 13761:Hamza al-Khateeb 13756:Kamal al-Labwani 13746:Haitham al-Maleh 13741:Suheil al-Hassan 13679:Ammar Abdulhamid 13665: 13664: 13638:Malhama Tactical 13623:Caucasus Emirate 13557: 13556: 13422: 13421: 13328:Free Syrian Army 13253: 13252: 13109: 13108: 13102: 13101: 13091: 13090: 12884: 12883: 12841: 12787: 12733: 12715:Ayn Issa clashes 12684: 12572: 12445: 12370:Central campaign 12265:Qaboun offensive 12211: 12188:Battle of al-Bab 12111:Manbij offensive 11992: 11834: 11697:Al-Otaiba ambush 11650: 11521:Battle of Safira 11506: 11476:Halfaya massacre 11427:Darayya massacre 11410:Siege of Base 46 11405:Battle of Anadan 11400:Battle of Aleppo 11336:Battle of Rastan 11312: 11284:Battle of Rastan 11252:Siege of Latakia 11217:Siege of Baniyas 11183: 11140:Latakia protests 11106: 11105: 11093: 11092: 10845:Syrian civil war 10825: 10824: 10814: 10813: 10806:Syrian civil war 10799: 10792: 10785: 10776: 10775: 10754:Kurdistan Region 10606:Free Cause Party 10506: 10505: 10415: 10414: 10381: 10380: 10225:Asayîşa Êzîdxanê 10193: 10192: 10104: 10103: 10075: 10074: 10055: 10048: 10041: 10032: 10031: 9981:Northern Kurdish 9874: 9873: 9850: 9849: 9725: 9724: 9706: 9699: 9692: 9683: 9682: 9662: 9634: 9633: 9618: 9612: 9611: 9596: 9590: 9589: 9587: 9585: 9580:. 29 August 2020 9570: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9559: 9547:(15 July 2020). 9541: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9525:. 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October 2015. 9055: 9047: 9041: 9040: 9034: 9032: 9017: 9011: 9010: 9000: 8994: 8993: 8981: 8975: 8974: 8963: 8957: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8938: 8936: 8921: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8899: 8893: 8892: 8881: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8870: 8865:on 28 March 2016 8855: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8829: 8823: 8822: 8807: 8801: 8800: 8789: 8783: 8782: 8769: 8763: 8762: 8750: 8744: 8743: 8736: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8725: 8714: 8708: 8702: 8686: 8680: 8679: 8672: 8666: 8665: 8663: 8661: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8632: 8626: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8580: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8569: 8554: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8543: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8494: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8460: 8454: 8453: 8446: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8420: 8414: 8413: 8408:. 11 June 2015. 8406:Xinhua (Beijing) 8398: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8387: 8382:on 1 August 2015 8372: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8345: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8323: 8317: 8316: 8304: 8298: 8297: 8286: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8234: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8223: 8209: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8198: 8175: 8169: 8168: 8157: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8146: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8072: 8065: 8059: 8058: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 7995: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7951: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7926: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7900: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7846: 7835: 7834: 7824: 7816: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7802: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7762: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7733: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7704: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7643: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7613: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7585: 7579: 7578: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7515: 7506: 7505: 7498: 7496: 7488: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7451: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7428: 7422: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7357: 7351: 7350: 7329: 7323: 7322: 7320: 7318: 7303: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7275: 7269: 7268: 7263: 7261: 7245: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7234: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7086: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7062: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6967: 6965: 6959: 6953:. Archived from 6952: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6930: 6928: 6922: 6916:. Archived from 6915: 6906: 6900: 6899: 6893: 6891: 6885: 6879:. Archived from 6878: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6833: 6827: 6821:. Archived from 6820: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6771: 6752: 6746: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6690: 6684: 6683: 6677: 6669: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6638: 6636: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6551: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6523: 6517: 6516: 6502: 6496: 6495: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6409: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6320: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6237: 6231: 6230: 6224: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6162:Business Insider 6154: 6148: 6147: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6092: 6086: 6085: 6077: 6071: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6013: 5996: 5994: 5984: 5982: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5966: 5961: 5957: 5951:romanized: 5950: 5948: 5939: 5873: 5868: 5867: 5816:Syrian civil war 5639:the head of the 5613:STANAG magazines 5463:Matthew Gardiner 5282:Free Syrian Army 5276:and even the US 5105:14 November 2017 5037:18 February 2017 5020:13 February 2017 4991: 4990: 4982:18 November 2017 4914:Early June? 2017 4880:27 February 2017 4851: 4850: 4837: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4817: 4786: 4778: 4763: 4751: 4739: 4727: 4619:Manbij offensive 4472:Free Syrian Army 4301:Syrian Kurdistan 4270:Syrian civil war 4161:(IS) during the 4140:Syrian Civil War 3998:Rojava offensive 3873:Euphrates Shield 3677: 3674: 3673:Syrian civil war 3667: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3634: 3633: 3493:Euphrates Shield 3426: 3424: 3414: 3407: 3400: 3391: 3390: 3191: 3189: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3156: 3155: 3027: 3019: 3012: 3005: 2996: 2995: 2961:5th Northwestern 2913:Raqqa & Azaz 2902:4th Northwestern 2891: 2888: 2881: 2874: 2864: 2857: 2850: 2841: 2840: 2811:Daraa insurgency 2773: 2769: 2759: 2752: 2745: 2736: 2735: 2645:10th Rif Dimashq 2555: 2550: 2538: 2531: 2524: 2515: 2514: 2483:Deir ez-Zor city 2337: 2332:Collapse of the 2325: 2318: 2311: 2302: 2301: 1999: 1996: 1994:Euphrates Shield 1988: 1978: 1971: 1964: 1955: 1954: 1935:2nd Al-Qaryatayn 1786: 1783: 1773: 1766: 1759: 1750: 1749: 1725:1st al-Qaryatayn 1673:Daraa/As-Suwayda 1632:2nd Yarmouk camp 1622:Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya 1511: 1500: 1490: 1483: 1476: 1467: 1466: 1357:al-Otaiba ambush 1321: 1318: 1308: 1301: 1294: 1285: 1284: 1121:1st Yarmouk camp 1050:Syrian Kurdistan 945: 930: 923: 916: 907: 906: 760: 757: 747: 740: 733: 724: 723: 664: 653: 646: 639: 630: 629: 410: 409:Syrian civil war 401: 394: 387: 378: 377: 331: 330: 328:Official website 262:Manbij offensive 222:Battle of Sarrin 178:Battle of Aleppo 164:Syrian Civil War 152: 151: 150: 110: 109: 108: 98: 97: 96: 73: 64: 63: 58: 46: 45: 21: 14607: 14606: 14602: 14601: 14600: 14598: 14597: 14596: 14537: 14536: 14535: 14530: 14520: 14511:Houthi movement 14482: 14466: 14438: 14320: 14314: 14284: 14279: 14253: 14202: 14186: 14091: 14005: 13940: 13925: 13906:Razan Zaitouneh 13811:Burhan Ghalioun 13786:Ammar al-Qurabi 13694:al-Assad family 13684:Ali al-Abdallah 13670: 13647: 13633:Junud al-Makhdi 13628:Ajnad al-Kavkaz 13598: 13542: 13506: 13448: 13426:DFNS Government 13416: 13405: 13381:US intervention 13373:Foreign support 13367: 13311: 13238: 13200:Liwa Fatemiyoun 13182:Foreign support 13176: 13167:al-Quds Brigade 13140: 13096: 13073: 13056: 12997: 12978:Battle of Sidon 12958: 12940: 12911: 12871: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12581: 12577: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12454: 12450: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12340:Battle of Raqqa 12295:Battle of Tabqa 12220: 12216: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12168:Dabiq offensive 12116:Tokhar massacre 12001: 11997: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11924:Kobanî massacre 11884:Idlib Offensive 11879:Battle of Bosra 11839: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11781:Siege of Kobanî 11737:Battle of Arsal 11702:Idlib offensive 11682:Battle of Morek 11655: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11548:Daraa offensive 11511: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11449:Battle of Harem 11321: 11317: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11272:Battle of Douma 11192: 11188: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11145:Damascus Spring 11100: 11079: 11058: 11054:U.S. task force 11049:Rojava conflict 10987: 10966: 10930: 10899: 10819: 10808: 10803: 10773: 10768: 10706: 10582:Democracy Party 10562: 10491: 10446: 10400: 10366: 10234: 10178: 10157: 10089: 10064: 10059: 10029: 10024: 10007: 9861: 9837: 9716: 9710: 9669: 9661:on 1 July 2018. 9643: 9638: 9637: 9624:(22 May 2021). 9619: 9615: 9597: 9593: 9583: 9581: 9572: 9571: 9567: 9557: 9555: 9542: 9538: 9528: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9517: 9513: 9503: 9501: 9488: 9484: 9474: 9472: 9467:(16 May 2018). 9462: 9458: 9448: 9446: 9445:. 3 August 2018 9437: 9436: 9432: 9415: 9414: 9410: 9389: 9385: 9375: 9373: 9364: 9363: 9359: 9346: 9345: 9341: 9329:(5 June 2015). 9324: 9320: 9302: 9298: 9297: 9293: 9280: 9278: 9268: 9264: 9263: 9259: 9245: 9243: 9233: 9229: 9228: 9221: 9207: 9205: 9201: 9194: 9190: 9189: 9182: 9172: 9170: 9169:. 14 March 2017 9165: 9164: 9160: 9150: 9148: 9137: 9133: 9116: 9115: 9111: 9095: 9094: 9090: 9080: 9078: 9069: 9068: 9064: 9053: 9049: 9048: 9044: 9030: 9028: 9018: 9014: 9002: 9001: 8997: 8982: 8978: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8952: 8948: 8934: 8932: 8931:. 16 March 2016 8923: 8922: 8918: 8908: 8906: 8901: 8900: 8896: 8883: 8882: 8878: 8868: 8866: 8857: 8856: 8852: 8842: 8840: 8831: 8830: 8826: 8809: 8808: 8804: 8797:Washington Post 8791: 8790: 8786: 8771: 8770: 8766: 8751: 8747: 8738: 8737: 8733: 8723: 8721: 8716: 8715: 8711: 8687: 8683: 8674: 8673: 8669: 8659: 8657: 8652: 8651: 8647: 8634: 8633: 8629: 8619: 8617: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8593: 8591: 8581: 8577: 8567: 8565: 8556: 8555: 8551: 8541: 8539: 8521: 8517: 8507: 8505: 8496: 8495: 8491: 8481: 8479: 8461: 8457: 8448: 8447: 8443: 8433: 8431: 8421: 8417: 8400: 8399: 8395: 8385: 8383: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8359: 8357: 8346: 8342: 8332: 8330: 8325: 8324: 8320: 8305: 8301: 8288: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8270:on 2 March 2015 8262: 8261: 8257: 8247: 8245: 8236: 8235: 8231: 8221: 8219: 8211: 8210: 8206: 8196: 8194: 8176: 8172: 8159: 8158: 8154: 8144: 8142: 8134:Arab, The New. 8132: 8128: 8118: 8116: 8098: 8094: 8084: 8082: 8075:Telegraph.co.uk 8067: 8066: 8062: 8049: 8048: 8044: 8034: 8032: 8022: 8018: 8008: 8006: 7996: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7975: 7974: 7970: 7960: 7958: 7953: 7952: 7945: 7935: 7933: 7928: 7927: 7923: 7913: 7911: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7887: 7885: 7873: 7869: 7859: 7857: 7847: 7838: 7817: 7810: 7800: 7798: 7789: 7788: 7784: 7774: 7772: 7764: 7763: 7756: 7746: 7744: 7735: 7734: 7727: 7717: 7715: 7705: 7692: 7682: 7680: 7670: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7645: 7644: 7637: 7627: 7625: 7615: 7614: 7610: 7600: 7598: 7587: 7586: 7582: 7565: 7561: 7544: 7540: 7530: 7528: 7516: 7509: 7499: 7490: 7489: 7479: 7478: 7474: 7464: 7462: 7452: 7448: 7438: 7436: 7429: 7425: 7421:. 9 April 2016. 7412: 7408: 7395: 7394: 7390: 7377: 7376: 7372: 7359: 7358: 7354: 7331: 7330: 7326: 7316: 7314: 7305: 7304: 7300: 7290: 7288: 7276: 7272: 7259: 7257: 7256:on 17 June 2015 7246: 7242: 7232: 7230: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7197: 7193: 7184: 7183: 7179: 7169: 7167: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7147: 7145: 7136: 7135: 7131: 7121: 7119: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7088: 7087: 7080: 7070: 7068: 7064: 7063: 7059: 7049: 7047: 7037: 7036: 7032: 7022: 7020: 7009: 7008: 7004: 6997: 6981: 6977: 6963: 6961: 6957: 6950: 6944: 6940: 6926: 6924: 6920: 6913: 6907: 6903: 6889: 6887: 6883: 6876: 6870: 6866: 6856: 6854: 6849: 6848: 6844: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6818: 6812: 6808: 6798: 6796: 6793:Al-Ahram Weekly 6787: 6786: 6782: 6769: 6767: 6760:Scientia Humana 6754: 6753: 6749: 6739: 6737: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6703: 6701: 6691: 6687: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6652: 6648: 6634: 6632: 6620: 6616: 6608: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6589: 6587: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6538: 6536: 6525: 6524: 6520: 6503: 6499: 6452: 6448: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6419:Financial Times 6410: 6406: 6396: 6394: 6381: 6377: 6367: 6365: 6349: 6345: 6335: 6333: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6295: 6294: 6290: 6280: 6278: 6266: 6262: 6252: 6250: 6238: 6234: 6222: 6216: 6212: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6184: 6182: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6156: 6155: 6151: 6142: 6141: 6137: 6127: 6125: 6120: 6119: 6115: 6105: 6103: 6093: 6089: 6078: 6074: 6066: 6062: 6052: 6050: 6041: 6040: 6036: 6026: 6024: 6023:on 24 July 2012 6015: 6014: 6005: 6000: 5999: 5968: 5967: 5959: 5940: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5869: 5862: 5859: 5773: 5722: 5717: 5699: 5691:Battle of Raqqa 5675: 5655: 5649: 5629: 5534:siege of Kobanî 5524:In August 2014 5490: 5481: 5475: 5461:and politician 5452: 5444:Lorenzo Orsetti 5393: 5387: 5360:Lorenzo Orsetti 5305: 5295: 5290: 5182: 5176: 5168:Afrin Offensive 5117: 5068:Qereçox Martyrs 4965:23 October 2017 4911:Martyr Rojhilet 4838: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4803: 4787: 4776: 4771: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4764: 4756: 4755: 4752: 4744: 4743: 4740: 4732: 4731: 4728: 4719: 4718: 4712: 4707: 4699:siege of Kobanî 4683: 4677: 4664: 4658: 4642:chemical agents 4611: 4563: 4516: 4484:siege of Kobanî 4448: 4427: 4421: 4401:Ghuraba al-Sham 4372: 4321: 4278: 4254: 4163:siege of Kobanî 4099:), also called 4077: 4072: 4068:2nd Deir ez-Zor 4034:6th al-Qamishli 3966:4th al-Qamishli 3930:1st Deir ez-Zor 3862:3rd al-Qamishli 3847:2nd al-Qamishli 3815:1st al-Qamishli 3678: 3672: 3669: 3666:Rojava conflict 3665: 3663: 3661: 3631: 3622: 3618:UK intervention 3542:List of attacks 3532:US intervention 3508:Afrin operation 3498:2017 airstrikes 3427: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3385: 3377: 3376: 3368: 3338: 3315: 3304:Western Nineveh 3285: 3265: 3257: 3227: 3192: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3150: 3082:Jabal al-Bishrī 3028: 3025: 3023: 2990: 2892: 2886: 2879: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2835: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2730: 2556: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2542: 2509: 2338: 2331: 2329: 2296: 2149:Northern al-Bab 2083:9th Rif Dimashq 2044:8th Rif Dimashq 2039:Aleppo bombings 2000: 1992: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1949: 1821:Su-24 shootdown 1787: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1744: 1735:7th Rif Dimashq 1512: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1461: 1445:6th Rif Dimashq 1338:Northern Aleppo 1322: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1279: 1263:5th Rif Dimashq 1198:Jdaidet al-Fadl 1192:4th Rif Dimashq 1116:3rd Rif Dimashq 1096:2nd Rif Dimashq 1062:Hasaka campaign 1020:Menagh Air Base 946: 936: 934: 901: 835:1st Rif Dimashq 796:Jabal al-Zawiya 761: 755: 753: 751: 718: 665: 659: 657: 624: 577: 547: 540:May–August 2019 525:May–August 2018 510:May–August 2017 495:May–August 2016 450:May–August 2012 435:May–August 2011 412: 408: 405: 375: 360: 326: 325: 303:Iraqi Civil War 212:Siege of Kobanî 168:Rojava conflict 148: 146: 115: 106: 104: 103: 94: 92: 76: 75:Flag of the YPG 59: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14605: 14595: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14574: 14569: 14564: 14559: 14554: 14549: 14532: 14531: 14525: 14522: 14521: 14519: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14492: 14490: 14484: 14483: 14481: 14480: 14474: 14472: 14468: 14467: 14465: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14448: 14446: 14440: 14439: 14437: 14436: 14431: 14426: 14421: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14401: 14396: 14391: 14386: 14381: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14330: 14328: 14322: 14321: 14313: 14312: 14305: 14298: 14290: 14281: 14280: 14278: 14277: 14266: 14263: 14262: 14259: 14258: 14255: 14254: 14252: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14210: 14208: 14207:Related topics 14204: 14203: 14201: 14200: 14194: 14192: 14188: 14187: 14185: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14137:39th G8 summit 14134: 14129: 14124: 14123: 14122: 14112: 14107: 14101: 14099: 14093: 14092: 14090: 14089: 14084: 14079: 14074: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14054: 14049: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14029: 14024: 14019: 14013: 14011: 14007: 14006: 14004: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13952: 13950: 13942: 13941: 13931: 13930: 13927: 13926: 13924: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13846:Bassma Kodmani 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13816:Razan Ghazzawi 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13766:Tal al-Mallohi 13763: 13758: 13753: 13751:Moaz al-Khatib 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13731:Anwar al-Bunni 13728: 13723: 13722: 13721: 13719:Hafez Makhlouf 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13691: 13689:Adnan al-Aroor 13686: 13681: 13675: 13672: 13671: 13661: 13660: 13657: 13656: 13653: 13652: 13649: 13648: 13646: 13645: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13613:Tahrir al-Sham 13609: 13607: 13600: 13599: 13597: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13565: 13563: 13554: 13548: 13547: 13544: 13543: 13541: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13514: 13512: 13508: 13507: 13505: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13458: 13456: 13450: 13449: 13447: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13430: 13428: 13419: 13411: 13410: 13407: 13406: 13404: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13377: 13375: 13369: 13368: 13366: 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13319: 13317: 13313: 13312: 13310: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13273: 13272: 13261: 13259: 13250: 13244: 13243: 13240: 13239: 13237: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13225: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13204: 13203: 13202: 13192: 13186: 13184: 13178: 13177: 13175: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13148: 13146: 13142: 13141: 13139: 13138: 13133: 13128: 13123: 13117: 13115: 13106: 13098: 13097: 13087: 13086: 13083: 13082: 13079: 13078: 13075: 13074: 13072: 13071: 13064: 13062: 13058: 13057: 13055: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13008: 13006: 12999: 12998: 12996: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12969: 12967: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12956: 12950: 12948: 12942: 12941: 12939: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12926:Akashat ambush 12922: 12920: 12913: 12912: 12910: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12893: 12891: 12881: 12873: 12872: 12870: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12848: 12846: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12794: 12792: 12780: 12779: 12777: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12740: 12738: 12726: 12725: 12723: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12691: 12689: 12677: 12676: 12674: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12596:Manbij bombing 12593: 12587: 12585: 12565: 12564: 12562: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12541: 12536: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12460: 12458: 12438: 12437: 12435: 12434: 12429: 12428: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12310:Aleppo bombing 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12226: 12224: 12204: 12203: 12201: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12183:Raqqa campaign 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12119: 12118: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12007: 12005: 11985: 11984: 11982: 11981: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11845: 11843: 11827: 11826: 11824: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11766:Hama Offensive 11763: 11758: 11757: 11756: 11746: 11741: 11740: 11739: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11707:Battle of Hosn 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11678: 11677: 11672: 11661: 11659: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11592:Hatla massacre 11589: 11587:Hama offensive 11584: 11579: 11578: 11577: 11567: 11562: 11561: 11560: 11550: 11545: 11544: 11543: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11517: 11515: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11479: 11478: 11471:Hama offensive 11468: 11466:Aqrab massacre 11463: 11462: 11461: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11430: 11429: 11419: 11414: 11413: 11412: 11407: 11397: 11396: 11395: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11368:Houla massacre 11365: 11360: 11359: 11358: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11327: 11325: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11275: 11274: 11269: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11212:Siege of Daraa 11209: 11204: 11198: 11196: 11176: 11175: 11173: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11150:Qamishli riots 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11116: 11114: 11102: 11101: 11089: 11088: 11085: 11084: 11081: 11080: 11078: 11077: 11072: 11066: 11064: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10995: 10993: 10989: 10988: 10986: 10985: 10980: 10974: 10972: 10971:World reaction 10968: 10967: 10965: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10938: 10936: 10932: 10931: 10929: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10907: 10905: 10901: 10900: 10898: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10831: 10829: 10828:Main overviews 10821: 10820: 10810: 10809: 10802: 10801: 10794: 10787: 10779: 10770: 10769: 10767: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10715: 10712: 10711: 10708: 10707: 10705: 10704: 10698: 10692: 10687: 10681: 10675: 10669: 10663: 10657: 10651: 10645: 10639: 10633: 10627: 10621: 10615: 10609: 10603: 10597: 10591: 10585: 10579: 10572: 10570: 10564: 10563: 10561: 10560: 10554: 10548: 10542: 10536: 10530: 10524: 10519: 10512: 10510: 10503: 10497: 10496: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10489: 10483: 10478: 10472: 10466: 10461: 10454: 10452: 10448: 10447: 10445: 10444: 10439: 10433: 10427: 10421: 10419: 10412: 10406: 10405: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10398: 10393: 10387: 10385: 10378: 10372: 10371: 10368: 10367: 10365: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10348: 10342: 10336: 10331: 10329:Kurdistan List 10326: 10320: 10314: 10308: 10303: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10276: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10254: 10248: 10242: 10240: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10211: 10205: 10199: 10197: 10190: 10184: 10183: 10180: 10179: 10177: 10176: 10171: 10165: 10163: 10159: 10158: 10156: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10139: 10133: 10127: 10121: 10116: 10110: 10108: 10101: 10095: 10094: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10087: 10081: 10079: 10072: 10066: 10065: 10058: 10057: 10050: 10043: 10035: 10026: 10025: 10023: 10022: 10016: 10013: 10012: 10009: 10008: 10006: 10005: 10004: 10003: 10001:Syrian Turkmen 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9975: 9974: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9930: 9929: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9888: 9883: 9877: 9871: 9867: 9866: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9859: 9853: 9847: 9843: 9842: 9839: 9838: 9836: 9835: 9834: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9788: 9783: 9782: 9781: 9776: 9766: 9765: 9764: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9728: 9722: 9718: 9717: 9715: articles 9709: 9708: 9701: 9694: 9686: 9680: 9679: 9668: 9667:External links 9665: 9664: 9663: 9642: 9639: 9636: 9635: 9613: 9591: 9565: 9536: 9511: 9482: 9456: 9430: 9408: 9383: 9372:. 15 July 2015 9357: 9354:. 3 July 2017. 9339: 9318: 9291: 9257: 9219: 9180: 9158: 9131: 9109: 9088: 9062: 9042: 9012: 8995: 8976: 8958: 8946: 8916: 8894: 8876: 8850: 8824: 8821:on 9 May 2017. 8802: 8784: 8764: 8759:Military Times 8745: 8731: 8709: 8681: 8667: 8645: 8627: 8601: 8575: 8549: 8529:The New Yorker 8515: 8489: 8455: 8441: 8415: 8393: 8367: 8340: 8318: 8299: 8281: 8255: 8244:. 5 March 2017 8229: 8204: 8170: 8152: 8126: 8092: 8060: 8042: 8016: 7990: 7968: 7943: 7921: 7895: 7867: 7836: 7829:) – via 7808: 7782: 7754: 7725: 7690: 7664: 7635: 7608: 7580: 7559: 7556:. Erbil, Iraq. 7538: 7525:IHS Jane's 360 7507: 7472: 7446: 7423: 7406: 7403:. 25 May 2016. 7401:Deutsche Welle 7388: 7370: 7352: 7324: 7298: 7285:Foreign Policy 7270: 7240: 7218: 7191: 7177: 7155: 7129: 7103: 7078: 7057: 7030: 7002: 6995: 6975: 6938: 6901: 6864: 6842: 6806: 6780: 6747: 6725: 6711: 6685: 6664: 6646: 6614: 6597: 6571: 6546: 6535:. 21 July 2017 6518: 6497: 6446: 6432: 6404: 6375: 6343: 6315: 6302:Deutsche Welle 6288: 6260: 6232: 6210: 6192: 6180:www.mfa.gov.tr 6167: 6164:. 27 May 2016. 6149: 6135: 6113: 6087: 6072: 6060: 6034: 6002: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5858: 5855: 5847:United Nations 5781:United Nations 5775:In June 2014, 5772: 5769: 5756:United Nations 5721: 5718: 5698: 5695: 5674: 5671: 5648: 5645: 5628: 5625: 5600:equipped with 5583:combat helmets 5489: 5486: 5474: 5471: 5459:trade unionist 5451: 5448: 5418:, Afrin. As a 5410:attack by the 5386: 5383: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5253:M1224 Maxxpros 5175: 5172: 5164:suicide attack 5116: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5080: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5059: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4987: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4949: 4948:27 August 2017 4946: 4943: 4940: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4929: 4928:Martyr Mazloum 4926: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4868: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4840: 4839: 4822:September 2022 4790: 4788: 4781: 4775: 4772: 4765: 4758: 4757: 4753: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4679:Main article: 4676: 4673: 4657: 4654: 4650:Jaysh al-Islam 4634:Sheikh Maqsood 4610: 4607: 4562: 4559: 4515: 4512: 4447: 4444: 4423:Main article: 4420: 4417: 4381:al-Nusra Front 4371: 4368: 4350:, Kobanî, and 4320: 4317: 4305:Sheikh Maqsood 4291:(PYD) and the 4277: 4274: 4262:Saddam Hussein 4253: 4250: 4238:Anadolu Agency 4230:Raymond Thomas 4218:Sauli Niinistö 4183:Raqqa campaign 4074: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4046:5th al-Hasakah 4037: 4036: 4031: 4020: 4019: 4008: 4007: 4006: 4005: 4003:2nd Ras al-Ayn 3995: 3990: 3988:Baghuz Fawqani 3985: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3956: 3938: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3901: 3900: 3893: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3869: 3867:3rd al-Hasakah 3864: 3859: 3854: 3852:Northern Raqqa 3849: 3844: 3842:3rd Tell Abyad 3839: 3834: 3829: 3818: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3790:2nd al-Hasakah 3787: 3782: 3780:2nd Tell Abyad 3777: 3775:1st al-Hasakah 3772: 3767: 3762: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3714:1st Tell Abyad 3700: 3699: 3697:1st Ras al-Ayn 3693: 3692: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3660: 3659: 3652: 3645: 3637: 3628: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3594: 3593: 3583: 3581:Lebanon's role 3578: 3577: 3576: 3566: 3561: 3560: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3475: 3464: 3463: 3458: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3441: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3417: 3416: 3409: 3402: 3394: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3375: 3374: 3367: 3366: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3264: 3263: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3226: 3225: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3182: 3181: 3174: 3167: 3159: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3022: 3021: 3014: 3007: 2999: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2977: 2976: 2969: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2934:2nd Ras al-Ayn 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2867: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2844: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2833: 2832: 2831: 2829:U.S. airstrike 2823:Baghuz Fawqani 2819: 2817:Manbij bombing 2814: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2791: 2790: 2779: 2776: 2775: 2762: 2761: 2754: 2747: 2739: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2728: 2723: 2721:3rd As-Suwayda 2718: 2716:2nd As-Suwayda 2713: 2706: 2704:1st As-Suwayda 2701: 2699:House of Cards 2696: 2691: 2684: 2677: 2670: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2626:SDF insurgency 2622: 2610: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2569: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2541: 2540: 2533: 2526: 2518: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2473: 2466: 2459: 2454: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2425:Southern Raqqa 2422: 2417: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2373: 2368: 2361: 2354: 2352:al-Jina mosque 2349: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2328: 2327: 2320: 2313: 2305: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2232: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2061: 2056: 2054:Northern Raqqa 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1981: 1980: 1973: 1966: 1958: 1951: 1950: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1843: 1841:Homs offensive 1838: 1833: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1776: 1775: 1768: 1761: 1753: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1646: 1641: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1615:2nd Idlib city 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1583:Southern Syria 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1493: 1492: 1485: 1478: 1470: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1423: 1418: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1387:4th Idlib Gov. 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1345: 1340: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1311: 1310: 1303: 1296: 1288: 1281: 1280: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1232:Eastern Ghouta 1228: 1227: 1226: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1205: 1200: 1188: 1183: 1171: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1142: 1137: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1093: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1005: 1004: 1003: 991: 988:3rd Idlib Gov. 984: 979: 974: 969: 962: 957: 951: 948: 947: 942:Rebel advances 933: 932: 925: 918: 910: 903: 902: 900: 899: 898: 897: 890:2nd Idlib Gov. 887: 882: 877: 876: 875: 863: 862: 861: 849: 848: 847: 842: 832: 825: 820: 815: 810: 809: 808: 803: 801:1st Idlib City 798: 793: 785:1st Idlib Gov. 781: 780: 779: 777:Homs offensive 771:Homs (2011–14) 766: 763: 762: 750: 749: 742: 735: 727: 720: 719: 717: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 670: 667: 666: 656: 655: 648: 641: 633: 626: 625: 623: 622: 615: 608: 607: 606: 592: 585: 576: 575: 574: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 424: 423: 417: 414: 413: 404: 403: 396: 389: 381: 373: 370: 369: 362: 356: 355: 350: 346: 345: 342: 338: 337: 333: 332: 323: 319: 318: 317: 316: 311: 300: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 203: 202: 197: 187: 186: 185: 175: 161: 157: 156: 144: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 124:Light infantry 121: 117: 116: 114:(2013–present) 90: 86: 85: 82: 78: 77: 74: 66: 65: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14604: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14573: 14570: 14568: 14565: 14563: 14560: 14558: 14555: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14544: 14542: 14528: 14523: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14496:Islamic State 14494: 14493: 14491: 14489: 14485: 14479: 14476: 14475: 14473: 14469: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14449: 14447: 14445: 14441: 14435: 14432: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14397: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14329: 14327: 14323: 14319: 14311: 14306: 14304: 14299: 14297: 14292: 14291: 14288: 14276: 14268: 14267: 14264: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14211: 14209: 14205: 14199: 14196: 14195: 14193: 14189: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14121: 14118: 14117: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14102: 14100: 14098: 14097:Peace process 14094: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14028: 14025: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14014: 14012: 14008: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13953: 13951: 13947: 13943: 13936: 13932: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13901:Yaser Tabbara 13899: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13866:Dawoud Rajiha 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13821:Ghassan Hitto 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13791:Suheir Atassi 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13771:Fida al-Sayed 13769: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13726:Riad al-Asaad 13724: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13714:Rami Makhlouf 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13696: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13676: 13673: 13666: 13662: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13601: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13566: 13564: 13562: 13561:Islamic State 13558: 13555: 13553: 13549: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13515: 13513: 13509: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13459: 13457: 13455: 13451: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13431: 13429: 13427: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13412: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13378: 13376: 13374: 13370: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13338:Army of Glory 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13320: 13318: 13314: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13271: 13268: 13267: 13266: 13263: 13262: 13260: 13258: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13245: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13209: 13208: 13205: 13201: 13198: 13197: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13187: 13185: 13183: 13179: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13149: 13147: 13143: 13137: 13134: 13132: 13129: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13118: 13116: 13114: 13110: 13107: 13103: 13099: 13092: 13088: 13069: 13066: 13065: 13063: 13059: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13000: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12961: 12955: 12952: 12951: 12949: 12947: 12943: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12914: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12894: 12892: 12889: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12879: 12874: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12849: 12847: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12795: 12793: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12769:Daraa clashes 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12741: 12739: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12700:Afrin bombing 12698: 12696: 12693: 12692: 12690: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12672: 12671:US airstrikes 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12626:June bombings 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12588: 12586: 12584: 12580: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12461: 12459: 12457: 12453: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12433: 12430: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12407: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12227: 12225: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12117: 12114: 12113: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12008: 12006: 12004: 12000: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11846: 11844: 11842: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11755: 11752: 11751: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11738: 11735: 11734: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11692:Maan massacre 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11667: 11666: 11663: 11662: 11660: 11658: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11607:Adra massacre 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11576: 11573: 11572: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11559: 11556: 11555: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11542: 11539: 11538: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11518: 11516: 11514: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11477: 11474: 11473: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11460: 11457: 11456: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11428: 11425: 11424: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11402: 11401: 11398: 11394: 11391: 11390: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11357: 11354: 11353: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11328: 11326: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11242:Siege of Homs 11240: 11238: 11237:Siege of Hama 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11199: 11197: 11195: 11191: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11117: 11115: 11113: 11112: 11107: 11103: 11099: 11094: 11090: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11067: 11065: 11061: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10996: 10994: 10990: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10975: 10973: 10969: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10939: 10937: 10933: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10902: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10870:Belligerents 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10826: 10822: 10815: 10811: 10807: 10800: 10795: 10793: 10788: 10786: 10781: 10780: 10777: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10716: 10713: 10702: 10699: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10685: 10682: 10679: 10676: 10673: 10670: 10667: 10664: 10661: 10658: 10655: 10652: 10649: 10646: 10643: 10640: 10637: 10634: 10631: 10628: 10625: 10622: 10619: 10616: 10613: 10610: 10607: 10604: 10601: 10598: 10595: 10592: 10589: 10586: 10583: 10580: 10577: 10574: 10573: 10571: 10569: 10565: 10558: 10555: 10552: 10549: 10546: 10543: 10540: 10537: 10534: 10531: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10517: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10498: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10476: 10473: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10459: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10449: 10443: 10442:Kurdish Front 10440: 10437: 10434: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10422: 10420: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10407: 10397: 10396:Razkari Party 10394: 10392: 10389: 10388: 10386: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10373: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10352: 10349: 10346: 10343: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10324: 10321: 10318: 10315: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10280: 10277: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10237: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10215: 10212: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10185: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10160: 10154: 10153:Sipay Rizgari 10151: 10149: 10146: 10143: 10140: 10137: 10134: 10131: 10128: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10119:Komalah (CPI) 10117: 10115: 10112: 10111: 10109: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10096: 10086: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10056: 10051: 10049: 10044: 10042: 10037: 10036: 10033: 10021: 10018: 10017: 10014: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9978: 9976: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9893: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9878: 9875: 9872: 9868: 9858: 9855: 9854: 9851: 9848: 9844: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9826:Kurdish Front 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9793: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9771: 9770: 9767: 9763: 9760: 9759: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9729: 9726: 9723: 9719: 9714: 9707: 9702: 9700: 9695: 9693: 9688: 9687: 9684: 9678: 9674: 9671: 9670: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9651: 9645: 9644: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9617: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9595: 9579: 9575: 9569: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9540: 9521: 9515: 9500: 9496: 9492: 9486: 9470: 9466: 9460: 9444: 9440: 9434: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9412: 9405: 9400: 9399: 9394: 9387: 9371: 9367: 9361: 9353: 9349: 9343: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9315: 9310: 9309: 9301: 9295: 9288: 9276: 9275: 9267: 9261: 9254: 9241: 9240: 9232: 9226: 9224: 9216: 9200: 9193: 9187: 9185: 9168: 9162: 9146: 9142: 9135: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9113: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9092: 9076: 9072: 9066: 9059: 9052: 9046: 9039: 9027: 9023: 9016: 9009: 9005: 8999: 8991: 8987: 8980: 8972: 8968: 8962: 8955: 8950: 8943: 8930: 8926: 8920: 8904: 8898: 8890: 8886: 8880: 8864: 8860: 8854: 8838: 8834: 8828: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8806: 8799:. 9 May 2017. 8798: 8794: 8788: 8781:. 9 May 2017. 8780: 8779: 8774: 8768: 8760: 8756: 8749: 8741: 8735: 8719: 8713: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8692: 8685: 8677: 8671: 8655: 8649: 8641: 8637: 8631: 8615: 8611: 8605: 8590: 8586: 8579: 8563: 8559: 8553: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8519: 8503: 8499: 8493: 8478: 8474: 8471:(in German). 8470: 8466: 8459: 8451: 8445: 8430: 8426: 8419: 8412: 8407: 8403: 8397: 8381: 8377: 8371: 8355: 8351: 8344: 8328: 8322: 8314: 8310: 8303: 8295: 8291: 8285: 8269: 8265: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8233: 8218: 8214: 8208: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8174: 8166: 8162: 8156: 8141: 8137: 8130: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8096: 8080: 8076: 8071: 8064: 8056: 8052: 8046: 8031: 8027: 8020: 8005: 8001: 7994: 7978: 7972: 7956: 7950: 7948: 7931: 7925: 7909: 7905: 7899: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7871: 7856: 7852: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7832: 7828: 7823: 7815: 7813: 7796: 7792: 7786: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7759: 7742: 7741:Bloomberg.com 7738: 7732: 7730: 7714: 7710: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7679: 7675: 7668: 7653:. 5 July 2017 7652: 7648: 7642: 7640: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7612: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7584: 7576: 7575: 7570: 7563: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7542: 7527: 7526: 7521: 7514: 7512: 7503: 7494: 7486: 7482: 7476: 7461: 7458:(in German). 7457: 7450: 7434: 7427: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7402: 7398: 7392: 7384: 7380: 7374: 7367: 7362: 7356: 7349: 7348:heavy armour. 7344: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7312: 7308: 7302: 7287: 7286: 7281: 7274: 7267: 7255: 7251: 7244: 7228: 7222: 7206: 7202: 7195: 7187: 7181: 7165: 7159: 7143: 7139: 7133: 7117: 7113: 7107: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7085: 7083: 7067: 7061: 7046: 7045: 7040: 7034: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7006: 6998: 6992: 6988: 6987: 6979: 6972: 6956: 6949: 6942: 6935: 6919: 6912: 6905: 6898: 6882: 6875: 6868: 6852: 6846: 6839: 6824: 6817: 6810: 6794: 6790: 6784: 6777: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6751: 6735: 6729: 6721: 6715: 6700: 6699:ypgrojava.org 6696: 6689: 6681: 6675: 6667: 6665:9780745336596 6661: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6618: 6607: 6601: 6586: 6582: 6575: 6560: 6559:www.aa.com.tr 6556: 6550: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6522: 6514: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6460:World Affairs 6457: 6450: 6442: 6436: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6408: 6392: 6391: 6386: 6379: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6353: 6347: 6331: 6330: 6325: 6319: 6304: 6303: 6298: 6292: 6277: 6276: 6271: 6264: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6236: 6228: 6221: 6214: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6181: 6177: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6145: 6139: 6123: 6117: 6102: 6098: 6091: 6083: 6076: 6070:, p. 16. 6069: 6068:Rashid (2018) 6064: 6048: 6044: 6038: 6022: 6018: 6012: 6010: 6008: 6003: 5993: 5987: 5978: 5971: 5965: 5956: 5944: 5938: 5934: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5885:Kurdish Front 5883: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5866: 5861: 5854: 5850: 5848: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5831: 5828: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5812: 5809: 5804: 5798: 5796: 5792: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5752: 5750: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5734: 5729: 5727: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5683:Islamic State 5680: 5679:Cizire Canton 5670: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5633: 5624: 5621: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5571: 5569: 5563: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5538:Islamic State 5535: 5531: 5527: 5526:Mazlum Kobanî 5519: 5515: 5514:M1126 Stryker 5510: 5504:in April 2017 5503: 5499: 5494: 5488:United States 5485: 5480: 5470: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5455: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5424:Anna Campbell 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5392: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5375:Jazira Canton 5372: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5356:Anna Campbell 5353: 5349: 5345: 5344:Macer Gifford 5341: 5336: 5333: 5332:Jordan Matson 5329: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5304: 5300: 5285: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5270:9M115 Metis-M 5267: 5266:9M113 Konkurs 5261: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5249:IAG Guardians 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5206:Islamic State 5202: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5142: 5140: 5139:Islamic State 5135: 5129: 5124: 5122: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4945:Martyr Alişêr 4944: 4941: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4899: 4897:20 April 2017 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4836: 4833: 4825: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4791:This section 4789: 4785: 4780: 4779: 4762: 4750: 4738: 4726: 4702: 4700: 4696: 4687: 4682: 4668: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4577: 4572: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4528: 4520: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4496: 4491: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4462:, a group of 4461: 4458:In 2014, the 4452: 4443: 4441: 4436: 4432: 4431:al-Yaarubiyah 4426: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4404: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4385:al-Darbasiyah 4382: 4378: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4281: 4276:Establishment 4273: 4271: 4266: 4263: 4259: 4252:Early origins 4249: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4220:announced in 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4159:Islamic State 4155: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4086: 4081: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4043: 4042: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3943: 3942: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3823: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3749: 3748:Kurdish riots 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3719:al-Yaarubiyah 3717: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3668: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3646: 3644: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3552:May 2015 raid 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3521: 3520:Israel's role 3518: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3415: 3410: 3408: 3403: 3401: 3396: 3395: 3392: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3352:Andrei Karlov 3350: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3253:Kurdish riots 3251: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3190: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3020: 3015: 3013: 3008: 3006: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2973:Spring Shield 2970: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2940:Kayla Mueller 2938: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2875: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2853: 2851: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2770: 2760: 2755: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2676: 2675: 2674:Northern Homs 2671: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2559: 2552: 2551: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2527: 2525: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2498:2nd Abu Kamal 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2467: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2452: 2451:Central Syria 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2372: 2371:Khan Shaykhun 2369: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2335: 2334:Islamic State 2326: 2321: 2319: 2314: 2312: 2307: 2306: 2303: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2257:Azaz bombings 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2144: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2117:1st Abu Kamal 2115: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1989: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1925:2nd Tel Abyad 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1910:Homs bombings 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1878:Orontes River 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1774: 1769: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1668: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1651: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1609:5th Idlib Gov 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1509: 1508:ISIL advances 1505: 1501: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1433:Tabqa Airbase 1431: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1397:2nd Wadi Deif 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1319: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1224:2nd al-Qusayr 1222: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1170: 1169: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1111:Quneitra Gov. 1109: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1072:al-Yaarubiyah 1070: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1031: 1030:Khan al-Assal 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1006: 1002: 1001: 997: 996: 995: 992: 990: 989: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 967: 966:Northern Homs 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 952: 949: 943: 939: 931: 926: 924: 919: 917: 912: 911: 908: 896: 893: 892: 891: 888: 886: 885:1st al-Qusayr 883: 881: 878: 874: 871: 870: 869: 868: 864: 860: 857: 856: 855: 854: 850: 846: 843: 841: 838: 837: 836: 833: 831: 830: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 788: 787: 786: 782: 778: 775: 774: 773: 772: 768: 767: 764: 758: 748: 743: 741: 736: 734: 729: 728: 725: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 671: 668: 662: 654: 649: 647: 642: 640: 635: 634: 631: 627: 621: 620: 616: 614: 613: 609: 605: 604: 600: 599: 598: 597: 593: 591: 590: 586: 584: 583: 579: 578: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 427: 426: 425: 422: 419: 418: 415: 411: 402: 397: 395: 390: 388: 383: 382: 379: 374:Military unit 367: 364:Zainab Afrin 363: 357: 354: 351: 347: 343: 339: 334: 329: 324: 320: 315: 312: 310: 307: 306: 305: 304: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 201: 198: 196: 193: 192: 191: 188: 184: 181: 180: 179: 176: 174: 171: 170: 169: 165: 162: 158: 155: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 122: 118: 113: 101: 91: 87: 83: 79: 72: 67: 57: 52: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 14526: 14515: 14404:Saudi Arabia 14157:Vienna talks 13831:Randa Kassis 13806:Farid Ghadry 13781:Khaled Khoja 13776:Riad al-Turk 13584:Liwa al-Aqsa 13461: 13454:SDF militias 13396:Saudi Arabia 13222:Wagner Group 13095:Belligerents 12877: 12838: 12784: 12730: 12681: 12646:Barisha raid 12569: 12442: 12208: 11989: 11831: 11647: 11503: 11309: 11180: 11110: 9886:Demographics 9747:Human rights 9737:Constitution 9659:the original 9649: 9641:Bibliography 9616: 9594: 9582:. Retrieved 9568: 9556:. Retrieved 9539: 9527:. Retrieved 9514: 9502:. Retrieved 9485: 9473:. Retrieved 9459: 9449:14 September 9447:. Retrieved 9442: 9433: 9425:the original 9411: 9402: 9396: 9386: 9374:. Retrieved 9369: 9360: 9351: 9342: 9334: 9321: 9312: 9306: 9294: 9286: 9279:. Retrieved 9272: 9260: 9251: 9244:. Retrieved 9237: 9213: 9206:. Retrieved 9199:the original 9171:. Retrieved 9161: 9149:. Retrieved 9145:the original 9134: 9126:the original 9121: 9112: 9104: 9091: 9079:. Retrieved 9074: 9065: 9057: 9045: 9036: 9029:. Retrieved 9015: 9007: 8998: 8990:The Guardian 8989: 8979: 8970: 8961: 8949: 8940: 8933:. Retrieved 8928: 8919: 8907:. Retrieved 8897: 8889:npasyria.com 8888: 8879: 8867:. Retrieved 8863:the original 8853: 8841:. Retrieved 8837:the original 8827: 8819:the original 8814: 8805: 8796: 8787: 8776: 8767: 8758: 8748: 8734: 8722:. Retrieved 8712: 8704: 8698: 8694: 8684: 8670: 8658:. Retrieved 8648: 8640:pukmedia.com 8639: 8630: 8618:. Retrieved 8613: 8604: 8592:. Retrieved 8589:The Guardian 8588: 8578: 8566:. Retrieved 8561: 8552: 8540:. Retrieved 8528: 8518: 8506:. Retrieved 8501: 8492: 8480:. Retrieved 8468: 8458: 8444: 8432:. Retrieved 8428: 8418: 8409: 8396: 8384:. Retrieved 8380:the original 8370: 8360:28 September 8358:. Retrieved 8354:the original 8343: 8331:. Retrieved 8321: 8313:The Guardian 8312: 8302: 8293: 8284: 8272:. Retrieved 8268:the original 8258: 8246:. Retrieved 8241: 8232: 8220:. Retrieved 8216: 8207: 8195:. Retrieved 8184:The Guardian 8183: 8173: 8164: 8155: 8143:. Retrieved 8139: 8129: 8117:. Retrieved 8106:The Guardian 8105: 8095: 8083:. Retrieved 8074: 8063: 8054: 8045: 8033:. Retrieved 8019: 8007:. Retrieved 7993: 7981:. Retrieved 7971: 7959:. Retrieved 7934:. Retrieved 7924: 7912:. Retrieved 7898: 7886:. Retrieved 7880: 7870: 7858:. Retrieved 7854: 7799:. Retrieved 7794: 7785: 7773:. Retrieved 7769: 7745:. Retrieved 7740: 7716:. Retrieved 7712: 7681:. Retrieved 7677: 7667: 7655:. Retrieved 7650: 7626:. 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