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2666:(Maraj's sister) as Speaker of the House of Representatives. The party also suffered a loss of support with the death Minister of Public Utilities, Morris Marshall, a favourite of the party grassroots. Attempting to halt the decline in party support Manning called an early "snap election" in 1995 . Many party front-benchers did not seek reelection including Finance Minister
3607:
3496:
3433:
4442:
3992:
3658:
3564:
3475:
3391:
3366:
3301:
3275:
3149:
8707:
2694:
appointed
Manning as Prime Minister on the basis of "moral and spiritual grounds". (In Trinidad and Tobago's elections, the number of seats needed to occupy the lower house is really the best indicator of whether or not a party would win elections). Unable to elect a Speaker, Manning advised the
2685:
also won 17 seats and formed a coalition government with the
National Alliance for Reconstruction which had won the remaining two seats. The PNM was further weakened when two MPs resigned from the party and threw their support behind the UNC government. This led to numerous calls for Manning to
2657:
The PNM was returned to power in the 1991 elections after the NAR self-destructed. In the 1991 election it won 21 of 36 seats with 45% of the vote. However, in the latter half of that term the party became unstable. It lost one seat in a by-election and another when Ralph Maraj defected to the
2686:
resign the party leadership, and for calls for
Mottley to replace him. Manning declined to resign and Mottley appeared to have taken a sabbatical from politics. When leadership elections were held in 1997 Manning was challenged by Keith Rowley. Manning was returned as Political Leader.
7480:
2457:
When Eric
Williams returned to Trinidad in 1948 he set about developing a political base. Between 1948 and 1955 he delivered a series of political lectures, under the auspices of the Political Education Movement (PEM) a branch of the Teachers Education and Cultural Association.
8420:
Birdsall, Nancy; Deosaran, Ramesh; Tincani, Amos; Suárez, Elena M.; Bloomfield, Richard J.; Rajapatirana, Sarath; Serbin, Andrés; Henrikson, Alan K.; Skeete, Charles A. T.; Ross-Brewster, Havelock R. H.; Walch, Karen S.; Bloomfield, Steven B.; Meins, Bertus J. (January 1996).
2558:
In 1973, the PNM faced a major crisis. On 28 September
Williams announced that he would not stand for re-election. This led to a race to succeed him as Political Leader of the party. By 18 November 250 of 476 registered party groups had submitted nominations, 224 of them for
9933:
2689:
In 2000 the PNM suffered another defeat, winning 16 of 36 seats with 46% of the vote. Another election was held in 2001 which resulted in a tie with both the PNM and UNC winning 18 seats, the PNM with 46% of the electoral vote and the UNC with 50%. However
President
2470:
with 38.7% of the votes cast. In order to secure an outright majority in the
Legislative Council Williams managed to convince the Secretary of State for the Colonies to allow him to name the five appointed members of the council (despite the opposition of the
2543:
citing the use of voting machines. The PNM captured all 36 seats in the election, including eight that they carried unopposed. Additionally, Williams split the post of Deputy Leader into three and appointed
Kamaluddin Mohammed, Errol Mahabir and
9902:
8767:
8948:
2532:. By 22 April, the mutineers had begun negotiations for surrender. Following this certain ministers were forced to resign including John O'Halloran, Minister of Industry and Gerard Montano, Minister of Home Affairs.
3141:
3329:
3234:
8578:
3651:
8359:
7411:
9928:
9923:
9697:
9685:
9681:
7262:
4108:
4000:
3741:
142:
3199:
450:
3599:
3384:
9345:
8126:
7957:
8225:
3294:
7684:
7567:
7799:
7722:
9017:
7981:
7832:
2577:
On 29 March 1981, Eric
Williams died. Williams had maintained an iron grip over the party and forced all potential rivals out of the party. In the absence of a clear successor, President
1698:
2574:
In 1976 the PNM won 24 of 36 seats with 54% of the vote. In March 1978, Hector McClean, Minister of Works, resigned from the party and government and declared himself an independent MP.
415:
333:
9948:
2586:
8518:
3933:
8069:
7900:
7761:
7372:
10084:
10052:
9970:
8763:
2401:
429:
401:
387:
2566:
and 26 for
Minister of Health, Kamaluddin Mohammed. Williams announced on 2 December that he would return as Political Leader and Hudson-Phillips was forced out of the party.
8940:
4394:
2341:
2195:
serving as the nation's governing party or on four occasions, the main opposition. It is one out of the country's two main political parties. There have been four PNM
9202:
8764:"Report on the Election of Members to the Federal House of Representatives from the Territory of T&T 1958 (25th March 1958) | Elections And Boundaries Commission"
8251:
7642:
7525:
8570:
2509:
the PNM won 20 of 30 seats with 58% of the vote. With the collapse of the West Indian Federation, the PNM led Trinidad and Tobago to independence on 31 August 1962.
8008:
7859:
2478:). This gave him a clear majority in the Legislative Council. Williams was thus elected Chief Minister and was also able to get all seven of his ministers elected.
9533:
8438:
8349:
7395:
3074:
9897:
9631:
7257:
3014:
8398:
10402:
8857:
2516:
the PNM won 24 of 36 seats, with 52% of the vote. However, economic and social discontent grew under PNM rule. This came to a climax in April 1970 with the
8691:
8548:
8045:
10372:
10218:
10121:
9963:
9560:
9337:
8160:
8110:
7941:
7094:
7040:
6989:
6938:
6887:
6495:
4430:
4388:
4103:
3778:
3763:
3757:
2735:
2435:
2431:
1462:
338:
31:
9978:
8209:
10511:
10392:
10382:
10367:
9375:
8668:
8638:
10526:
7668:
7551:
9315:
9986:
7783:
7706:
5995:
5933:
5871:
5824:
5777:
5730:
5679:
5413:
4367:
3455:
2427:
482:
8186:
10257:
10247:
10155:
7441:
7157:
5632:
4447:
4015:
3948:
3257:
2590:
2413:
2273:
359:
9001:
8608:
7973:
7824:
7597:
7334:
10521:
9994:
9956:
9802:
7103:
3467:
3359:
3267:
2770:
2762:
2552:
2490:
2393:
2196:
164:
17:
8460:
10387:
10297:
7356:
2494:
1487:
1457:
8827:
10342:
10168:
9285:
8093:
7924:
2268:, but a split in the UNC forced new elections in 2001. These elections resulted in an 18–18 tie between the PNM and the UNC, and President
2162:
1539:
2482:
10282:
9836:
9526:
8061:
7892:
7464:
2276:, but won an outright majority in new elections held in 2002 and again in 2007, before losing power in 2010. It returned to power in the
8033:
7884:
7745:
2467:
8979:
2329:. The PNM has its strongest support in cities and urban areas. It was also historically supported by different minorities such as the
10516:
10422:
8797:
7282:
5326:
5272:
5221:
5172:
5123:
5075:
5026:
4971:
4917:
4866:
4812:
4763:
4714:
4665:
4616:
4572:
4485:
3048:
3027:
3023:
2979:
2975:
2956:
2952:
2931:
2927:
2908:
2904:
2864:
2860:
2712:
2708:
2696:
2674:
2594:
2536:
2513:
2506:
2463:
2381:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2265:
2245:
2237:
2192:
1492:
612:
10357:
1882:
30:
This article is about the People's National Movement nationally. For the Tobagonian branch of the People's National Movement, see
10457:
10352:
10307:
10198:
10173:
8917:
8468:
1472:
2191:. The party has dominated national and local politics for much of Trinidad and Tobago's history, contesting all elections since
10287:
10272:
9519:
9434:
9228:
9048:
8738:
7049:
6998:
6947:
6483:
3896:
3856:
3082:
The deputy political leaders of the People's National Movement have been as follows (any acting leaders indicated in italics):
3036:
1961:
49:
8887:
10228:
9460:
9401:
8701:
8325:
8261:
8219:
8120:
7951:
7793:
7716:
7678:
7561:
7474:
7405:
7366:
3070:
2643:
2628:
2006:
1800:
1579:
174:
38:
9194:
6896:
6842:
6792:
6742:
6682:
6621:
6570:
3852:
3071:
2524:
resigned from the party and government. On 20 April, facing a revolt by a portion of the Army in collusion with the growing
10536:
10485:
10332:
9823:
9818:
7623:
7506:
6833:
6783:
5017:
4908:
2988:
2940:
2753:
2601:
2349:
2249:
1832:
1693:
1641:
1636:
2662:. The issue that led Maraj to defect was the declaration of a limited State of Emergency which sole purpose was to remove
10317:
7997:
7848:
1949:
1661:
1512:
1114:
2723:
The political leaders of the People's National Movement have been as follows (any acting leaders indicated in italics):
10437:
10362:
10347:
7636:
7519:
5488:
5405:
2581:
was left to choose the new Prime Minister from among the three Deputy Political Leaders of the party. Clarke appointed
2330:
1872:
1770:
1718:
1656:
1651:
1589:
42:
9115:
8422:
10193:
8432:
8392:
7755:
7301:
3072:
2306:
1877:
1502:
1257:
3069:
2462:
is one of the locations at which such lectures were delivered. On 15 January 1956 Williams launched the PNM. In the
10467:
10337:
9789:
9145:
9071:
8382:
6422:
6369:
6317:
6264:
6206:
6153:
6101:
6048:
5550:
5495:
5401:
4372:
2486:
2423:
2405:
2257:
2155:
1912:
487:
312:
2551:
In 1972, J. R. F. Richardson crossed the floor and declared himself an Independent. He was subsequently appointed
10531:
10490:
10327:
10267:
10252:
10127:
8849:
7199:
4462:
4362:
3787:
2650:
When Manning became leader he promised a "new PNM" and purposely ignored the discredited old guard. He appointed
2377:
2334:
2184:
1939:
844:
477:
9258:
8540:
8041:
2453:, the first Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1962–1981) and first leader of the People's National Movement
10447:
1307:
876:
8152:
1785:
1765:
345:
9367:
1820:
10377:
10302:
10223:
10020:
8660:
8630:
8489:
2397:
273:
153:
10160:
9307:
8600:
7589:
7326:
2361:
2148:
1810:
1387:
854:
748:
5545:
4480:
1277:
10452:
10397:
10292:
8182:
7216:
6733:
6673:
6612:
2593:. Chambers was subsequently elected as Political Leader of the PNM and led the party to victory in the
2229:
1862:
1527:
1312:
994:
839:
7433:
10462:
10277:
9712:
8819:
4067:
3706:
3542:
3131:
1973:
1867:
1477:
1267:
947:
933:
103:
6518:
5575:
5436:
4510:
10112:
10101:
10069:
10035:
10009:
9676:
9505:
9499:
9493:
7108:
6491:
5013:
4384:
4345:
3917:
3715:
2744:
2678:
2659:
2409:
2345:
2261:
1760:
1745:
1611:
1507:
758:
565:
373:
1362:
1247:
10322:
7463:
Gilmore, John T.; Allen, Beryl; McCallum, Dian; Ramdeen, Romila; Kerr, Ricardo (26 August 2019).
5263:
2065:
1944:
1887:
1775:
1740:
1599:
1554:
1467:
1302:
692:
657:
538:
9281:
8085:
7916:
1144:
10133:
10041:
5409:
4079:
2517:
1978:
1954:
1922:
1892:
1857:
1852:
1827:
1688:
1606:
1482:
1452:
677:
8571:"The new government of Trinidad and Tobago is set to roll out a new national insurance system"
3923:
3732:
2608:. The PNM won three of 36 seats, with 32% of the vote. Chambers resigned and was succeeded by
2292:, they won the popular vote and a majority in the House of Representatives, winning 22 seats.
10427:
6478:
2369:
2099:
2021:
1996:
1968:
1927:
1907:
1897:
1842:
1780:
1755:
1671:
1666:
1631:
1616:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1549:
1544:
1497:
1392:
1367:
1357:
1262:
1094:
1079:
979:
921:
70:
1237:
10432:
10407:
10312:
9168:
8307:
2563:
2420:
2389:
2226:
2223:
2208:
2087:
1902:
1847:
1837:
1815:
1795:
1790:
1750:
1735:
1713:
1676:
1626:
1584:
1574:
1534:
1054:
1019:
928:
881:
726:
600:
595:
590:
533:
302:
9338:"His Excellency Orville London, High Commissioner for the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago"
8971:
8789:
8281:
7670:
The quest for security in the Caribbean : problems and promises in subordinate states
7553:
The quest for security in the Caribbean : problems and promises in subordinate states
1044:
518:
8:
10442:
10417:
9981:
8510:
2400:. The party has 72 out of the 139 local councillors and is in control of seven of the 14
2385:
2365:
2357:
2340:
The PNM's signature policies and legislative decisions include independence, writing the
2310:
2240:
and went on to hold power for an unbroken 30 years. After the death of Williams in 1981,
2188:
2082:
1730:
1703:
1646:
1594:
1377:
1149:
1089:
1039:
812:
731:
672:
605:
575:
570:
543:
502:
220:
9089:
2707:
On 9 September 2015, Keith Rowley was sworn in as the new Prime Minister, following the
449:
8331:
8062:"Economic Outline of Trinidad and Tobago - Bank of Scotland International Trade Portal"
7893:"Economic Outline of Trinidad and Tobago - Bank of Scotland International Trade Portal"
2529:
2353:
1805:
1708:
1621:
1417:
1352:
1252:
807:
787:
624:
293:
9511:
8909:
3606:
3495:
3432:
1069:
10412:
9717:
9224:
9040:
9009:
8697:
8428:
8388:
8335:
8321:
8257:
8215:
8116:
8027:
7947:
7878:
7789:
7751:
7712:
7674:
7632:
7557:
7515:
7470:
7401:
7362:
7244:
3762:
The deputy political leaders who additionally served as the political leaders of the
3189:
2691:
2605:
2521:
2301:) and the Party's political headquarters is known as the "Balisier House" located in
2269:
2124:
1397:
1154:
1084:
1059:
1049:
1029:
849:
736:
667:
629:
282:
9426:
8730:
8693:
Eric Williams and the Anticolonial Tradition: The Making of a Diasporan Intellectual
4441:
3991:
3657:
3563:
3474:
3390:
3365:
3300:
3274:
3148:
8879:
8313:
4393:
Tobago has its own PNM party with separate memberships, constituency associations,
2560:
2540:
2459:
2040:
2033:
1372:
1322:
1287:
1232:
1139:
1124:
1099:
1034:
1004:
871:
822:
797:
780:
775:
709:
634:
560:
548:
9456:
9397:
6514:
5571:
5432:
4506:
2272:
appointed Manning as Prime Minister. Manning was unable to elect a Speaker of the
1292:
10480:
9738:
9722:
9616:
9608:
8112:
Women of Power: Half a Century of Female Presidents and Prime Ministers Worldwide
7943:
Women of Power: Half a Century of Female Presidents and Prime Ministers Worldwide
7619:
7502:
7230:
6687:
6626:
5938:
5876:
4922:
4817:
4156:
3409:
3352:
3226:
2882:
2838:
2667:
2651:
2624:
2609:
2582:
2545:
2297:
2253:
2241:
2136:
1432:
1422:
1407:
1327:
1317:
1297:
1189:
1169:
1129:
1104:
1014:
908:
896:
886:
827:
687:
682:
553:
247:
113:
7302:"Red and Rowley takes early lead in PNM elections - Trinidad and Tobago Newsday"
2337:(other than Presbyterian Indians), and Muslims of any ethnicity of the country.
2489:), it won four of the 10 Trinidad and Tobago seats with 47.4% of the vote. The
2475:
2373:
2256:, the party returned to power in 1991 following the 1990 attempted coup by the
2104:
2077:
2072:
2045:
2001:
1347:
1282:
1134:
1109:
1074:
1024:
964:
891:
792:
753:
743:
617:
585:
8317:
3206:
2715:, leading to the incumbent Prime Minister Keith Rowley serving a second term.
2699:
were held in which the PNM won 50.7% of popular votes and 20 out of 36 seats.
1337:
1159:
10505:
9600:
9580:
9013:
8354:
6575:
5637:
5503:
4577:
3180:
2797:
2682:
2663:
2450:
2302:
2219:
2215:
2060:
1382:
1342:
1272:
1242:
1209:
1204:
1184:
1064:
989:
901:
764:
580:
216:
185:
8384:
Size and Survival: The Politics of Security in the Caribbean and the Pacific
3241:
2844:
10262:
9733:
9625:
9107:
6211:
5277:
4055:
3880:
3836:
3804:
3796:
3694:
3637:
3530:
3319:
2999:
2639:
2578:
2281:
2094:
1427:
1402:
1332:
1179:
1009:
999:
802:
169:
91:
86:
2803:
2446:
2288:, winning 51.7 percent of the popular vote and 23 of the 41 seats. In the
9643:
7263:
2020 Tobago Council of the People's National Movement leadership election
4141:
4129:
4117:
4098:
2631:(1991–1995; 2001–2010) and third leader of the People's National Movement
2525:
1412:
1214:
1199:
1174:
969:
954:
861:
714:
662:
286:
125:
120:
98:
9137:
8490:
https://kellogg.nd.edu/sites/default/files/old_files/documents/224_0.pdf
7397:
Cricket: A Political History of the Global Game, 1945-2017: 1945 to 2012
7224:
2711:
victory of the PNM. In August 2020, the governing PNM won the following
2600:
It subsequently held on to power until 1986 when it was defeated by the
2131:
10080:
2888:
2620:
2200:
2050:
2016:
2011:
1681:
1194:
984:
959:
866:
719:
699:
510:
278:
237:
9250:
6513:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
5570:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
5431:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
4505:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
2539:
the PNM faced only limited opposition as the major opposition parties
8211:
Caribbean Integration from Crisis to Transformation and Repositioning
7238:
3666:
3571:
3441:
2119:
1917:
1119:
639:
8153:"Labour leader Jacinda Ardern not the only one wanting to 'do this'"
4328:
3077:
2472:
2204:
2055:
2028:
1932:
1723:
974:
817:
454:
298:
9590:
9570:
9002:"World News Briefs; Trinidad House Speaker Put Under House Arrest"
4050:
2646:(2015–present) and fourth leader of the People's National Movement
2520:. On 13 April, PNM Deputy Leader and Minister of External Affairs
2654:, Keith Rowley and Augustus Ramrekersingh as his deputy leaders.
2438:. As of September 2018, the PNM has 100,000+ registered members.
2419:
Despite not being a socialist party, the PNM was a member of the
2314:
2233:
1164:
770:
704:
9653:
9457:"Publications and Reports | Elections And Boundaries Commission"
9398:"Publications and Reports | Elections And Boundaries Commission"
9195:"People's National Movement George Michael Chambers (1928-1997)"
3766:
have been as follows (any acting leaders indicated in italics):
7974:"Let's do this: Everyone else who has used Labour's new slogan"
7825:"Let's do this: Everyone else who has used Labour's new slogan"
834:
3336:
3068:
3005:
2635:
2199:
and multiple ministries. The party espouses the principles of
8419:
5532:
3628:
Minister of Community Development, Culture and Gender Affairs
3448:
Minister of Community Development, Culture and Gender Affairs
2718:
2305:. Historically, the PNM has been supported by a majority of
8623:
7462:
5549:
Red indicates seats and corporations won by the PNM in the
2408:. The party also has one out of 12 assembly members in the
9090:"Trinidad and Tobago poll: Governing party claims victory"
8500:
Horowitz, Donald L. "Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Chapter 7.
2555:. He was soon joined by another MP, Dr. Horace Charles.
2430:
from 1957 to 1962. The party includes a semi-autonomous
9541:
9225:"Flattering to Deceive | Trinidad and Tobago News Blog"
9072:"Trinidad's new prime minister, Keith Rowley, sworn in"
9486:
8850:"Caribbean Elections Biography | John R.F. Richardson"
7625:
The Aftermath of Sovereignty: West Indian Perspectives
7508:
The Aftermath of Sovereignty: West Indian Perspectives
7466:
Hodder Education Caribbean History: Freedom and Change
467:
8350:"The legacy of Indian migration to European colonies"
4032:
9421:
9419:
8086:"Trinidad and Tobago / Wirtschaftsanalysen - Coface"
7917:"Trinidad and Tobago / Wirtschaftsanalysen - Coface"
7743:
7206:
2695:
President to prorogue Parliament. On 7 October 2002
8820:"Trinidad and Tobago General Election Results 1971"
7258:
2022 People's National Movement leadership election
2466:the PNM captured 13 of the 24 elected seats in the
1463:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
8601:"Caribbean Elections | People's National Movement"
8541:"Senate passes marriage bill; Opposition abstains"
8461:"Ruling party holds its ground in local elections"
8253:Political Integration in Indian Diaspora Societies
7590:"Caribbean Elections | People's National Movement"
7327:"Caribbean Elections | People's National Movement"
2615:
2597:. The PNM won 26 of 36 seats and 52% of the vote.
9416:
7283:"Slightly better Sunday turnout for PNM election"
2677:winning 17 of 36 seats with 48% of the vote. The
10503:
10122:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
9561:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
9069:
8424:Choices and Change: Reflections on the Caribbean
8381:Payne, Anthony; Sutton, Paul (4 February 2014).
7618:
7501:
6496:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
5500:
5414:Federal Parliament of the West Indies Federation
4389:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
4329:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
3764:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
3758:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
3078:Deputy leaders of the People's National Movement
2436:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
2428:Federal Parliament of the West Indies Federation
2414:December 2021 Tobago House of Assembly elections
339:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
32:Tobago Council of the People's National Movement
9108:"Party Leadership | People's National Movement"
4016:December 2021 Tobago House of Assembly election
3949:December 2021 Tobago House of Assembly election
2317:population, thus it is colloquially called the
9199:People's National Movement Trinidad and Tobago
8144:
7744:Derbyshire, J. Denis; Derbyshire, Ian (2016).
9964:
9527:
8653:
8275:
8273:
8245:
8243:
7434:"BTI 2020 Trinidad and Tobago Country Report"
2644:seventh Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
2244:led the party. The party was defeated in the
2156:
1488:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1458:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
9070:Hutchinson-Jafar, Linda (9 September 2015).
8790:"Black Power: State of Emergency Remembered"
8282:"Politics and religion in San Fernando West"
2629:fourth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
2264:(UNC). The PNM lost again to the UNC in the
9654:
8380:
8305:
6473:
4475:
3673:Minister in the Attorney General's Ministry
2702:
2183:) is the longest-serving and oldest active
9971:
9957:
9534:
9520:
9427:"Trinidad and Tobago - Political Dynamics"
8661:"PNM's .1M members ready for polls battle"
8631:"PNM ready, not the UNC, for by-elections"
8270:
8249:
8240:
7814:
7737:
7612:
6482:Red indicates seats won by the PNM in the
4484:Red indicates seats won by the PNM in the
2344:, republicanism, the establishment of the
2163:
2149:
69:
10512:1955 establishments in the British Empire
10423:Trades Union Congress and Socialist Party
6419:
6366:
6314:
6261:
6203:
6150:
6098:
6045:
5992:
5930:
5868:
5821:
5774:
5727:
5676:
5629:
5485:
4486:2020 Trinidad and Tobago general election
4316:
4289:
4262:
4252:
4242:
4232:
4222:
4212:
4202:
4192:
4182:
4172:
4162:
4150:
4138:
4126:
4114:
4095:
4085:
4073:
4061:
4047:
3751:
3625:Minister of Housing and Urban Development
2719:Leaders of the People's National Movement
2295:The party symbol is the balisier flower (
1493:International Federation of Liberal Youth
10527:Political parties in Trinidad and Tobago
10358:Organisation for National Reconstruction
9987:Political parties in Trinidad and Tobago
7666:
7549:
7495:
6477:
5544:
4479:
2634:
2619:
2485:(which the PNM contested as part of the
2445:
10458:West Indian Political Congress Movement
10174:Democratic Party of Trinidad and Tobago
9279:
8941:"Who will lead us out of the pandemic?"
8728:
8309:A History of Creole Trinidad, 1956-2010
8250:Gowricharn, Ruben (17 September 2020).
8150:
7785:Encyclopedia of world political systems
7747:Encyclopedia of World Political Systems
7708:Encyclopedia of world political systems
7358:Encyclopedia of World Political Systems
2284:where it had its best result since the
1473:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
14:
10504:
10288:Communist Party of Trinidad and Tobago
10187:National Organization of We the People
9138:"History | People's National Movement"
9020:from the original on 21 September 2020
8770:from the original on 29 September 2020
8689:
8511:"PNM - The People's National Movement"
8279:
8032:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
7883:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
7300:Clyne, Kalifa Sarah (1 October 2018).
6484:2017 Tobago House of Assembly election
27:Political party in Trinidad and Tobago
10522:Political parties established in 1955
10190:National Coalition for Transformation
9952:
9911:
9779:
9515:
9463:from the original on 23 December 2019
9282:"Women Power In T & T's Politics"
9192:
8969:
8938:
8758:
8756:
8362:from the original on 1 September 2017
8108:
7939:
7375:from the original on 25 February 2022
7299:
7280:
6530:
5587:
5451:
5448:
4522:
4405:
4402:
3690:AM for Black Rock/Whim/Spring Garden
3312:
10333:National Alliance for Reconstruction
10178:Trinidad and Tobago Democratic Front
9437:from the original on 3 November 2016
9318:from the original on 12 January 2020
9288:from the original on 27 January 2020
9261:from the original on 24 January 2020
9148:from the original on 19 October 2020
9118:from the original on 25 January 2021
9051:from the original on 23 January 2016
9038:
8800:from the original on 4 November 2019
8741:from the original on 2 December 2020
8671:from the original on 27 January 2021
8641:from the original on 27 January 2021
8581:from the original on 25 January 2021
8551:from the original on 30 October 2020
8207:
8189:from the original on 23 October 2020
8096:from the original on 1 December 2020
7927:from the original on 1 December 2020
7444:from the original on 23 January 2021
7393:
6499:
5556:
5417:
4491:
4470:
2602:National Alliance for Reconstruction
2350:Public Transport Service Corporation
2250:National Alliance for Reconstruction
334:Devolved or semi-autonomous branches
10273:Caribbean People's Democratic Party
8890:from the original on 20 August 2008
8830:from the original on 11 August 2020
8729:Alleyne, George (21 October 2009).
8690:Pierre, Maurice St (5 March 2015).
8611:from the original on 13 August 2020
8427:. Inter-American Development Bank.
8163:from the original on 2 October 2019
7788:. Sharpe Reference. 15 April 2016.
7711:. Sharpe Reference. 15 April 2016.
7600:from the original on 13 August 2020
7337:from the original on 13 August 2020
7149:
4397:, offices and a political leader.
2569:
2500:
2342:Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago
1513:Liberal South East European Network
50:People's National Movement (Poland)
24:
10363:Party of Political Progress Groups
10348:National Trinidad and Tobago Party
9378:from the original on 18 April 2021
9280:Boodram, Annan (6 December 2012).
9231:from the original on 12 March 2019
8982:from the original on 18 April 2021
8951:from the original on 6 August 2020
8860:from the original on 18 April 2021
8753:
8710:from the original on 18 April 2021
8471:from the original on 18 April 2021
8401:from the original on 18 April 2021
8228:from the original on 18 April 2021
8129:from the original on 18 April 2021
8072:from the original on 3 August 2020
8048:from the original on 3 August 2020
8014:from the original on 3 August 2020
7984:from the original on 3 August 2020
7960:from the original on 18 April 2021
7903:from the original on 3 August 2020
7865:from the original on 3 August 2020
7835:from the original on 3 August 2020
7802:from the original on 18 April 2021
7764:from the original on 18 April 2021
7725:from the original on 18 April 2021
7687:from the original on 18 April 2021
7648:from the original on 3 August 2020
7570:from the original on 18 April 2021
7531:from the original on 3 August 2020
7483:from the original on 18 April 2021
7414:from the original on 18 April 2021
7394:Wagg, Stephen (14 November 2017).
5406:1958 West Indies federal elections
4033:PNM Leadership Executive Committee
43:National Movement (disambiguation)
39:People's Movement (disambiguation)
25:
10548:
10194:Tobago Organisation of the People
10165:Movement for National Development
9656:Tobago Council of the PNM Leaders
9478:
9348:from the original on 25 July 2020
9205:from the original on 27 June 2019
9166:
8920:from the original on 8 April 2020
8880:"TriniView.com - NewsPro Archive"
8151:Trevett, Claire (4 August 2017).
7622:; Comitas, Lambros, eds. (1973).
7505:; Comitas, Lambros, eds. (1973).
3619:Minister of Public Administration
3162:Minister of Education and Culture
2307:Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians
2214:The party was founded in 1956 by
1503:Liberal Network for Latin America
936:(contributions to liberal theory)
146:(Tobago Council Political Leader)
10517:Liberal parties in North America
10338:National Democratic Organisation
9980:
9790:West Indies Federal Labour Party
9780:
9769:
9308:"Trinidad and Tobago Parliament"
9039:Shah, Raffique (22 March 2015).
8939:Hunte, Camille (4 August 2020).
8696:. University of Virginia Press.
8521:from the original on 7 July 2021
8441:from the original on 7 July 2021
8208:Hall, Kenneth (1 October 2012).
8183:"The Formative Years of the PNM"
7237:
7223:
7209:
7192:
7191:
7184:
7183:
7169:
7168:
7142:
7135:
7134:
7120:
7119:
7086:
7079:
7078:
7064:
7063:
7032:
7025:
7024:
7010:
7009:
6981:
6974:
6973:
6959:
6958:
6930:
6923:
6922:
6908:
6907:
6880:
6879:
6872:
6871:
6857:
6856:
6825:
6818:
6804:
6803:
6775:
6768:
6754:
6753:
6725:
6718:
6704:
6703:
6665:
6658:
6657:
6643:
6642:
6602:
6601:
6504:
6463:
6449:
6448:
6434:
6433:
6411:
6410:
6396:
6395:
6381:
6380:
6358:
6344:
6343:
6329:
6328:
6306:
6305:
6291:
6290:
6276:
6275:
6253:
6252:
6238:
6237:
6223:
6222:
6195:
6194:
6180:
6179:
6165:
6164:
6142:
6128:
6127:
6113:
6112:
6090:
6089:
6075:
6074:
6060:
6059:
6037:
6036:
6022:
6021:
6007:
6006:
5984:
5983:
5969:
5968:
5954:
5953:
5922:
5921:
5907:
5906:
5892:
5891:
5851:
5850:
5836:
5835:
5804:
5803:
5789:
5788:
5757:
5756:
5742:
5741:
5710:
5709:
5695:
5694:
5659:
5658:
5561:
5551:2019 Trinidadian local elections
5422:
5402:West Indies Federal Labour Party
5360:
5353:
5352:
5338:
5337:
5312:
5311:
5304:
5303:
5289:
5288:
5256:
5255:
5248:
5247:
5233:
5232:
5206:
5199:
5198:
5184:
5183:
5158:
5157:
5150:
5149:
5135:
5134:
5108:
5101:
5100:
5086:
5061:
5060:
5053:
5052:
5038:
5037:
5005:
4998:
4997:
4983:
4982:
4957:
4956:
4949:
4948:
4934:
4933:
4901:
4900:
4893:
4892:
4878:
4877:
4851:
4844:
4843:
4829:
4828:
4797:
4790:
4789:
4775:
4774:
4748:
4741:
4740:
4726:
4725:
4699:
4692:
4691:
4677:
4676:
4650:
4643:
4642:
4628:
4627:
4599:
4598:
4496:
4440:
3990:
3922:
3879:
3835:
3731:
3693:
3656:
3605:
3562:
3529:
3494:
3473:
3431:
3389:
3364:
3335:
3299:
3273:
3240:
3205:
3147:
3004:
2887:
2843:
2802:
2585:Prime Minister in preference to
2487:West Indies Federal Labour Party
2441:
2424:West Indies Federal Labour Party
2406:2019 Trinidadian local elections
2396:and 16 out of 31 members of the
2260:, but lost power in 1995 to the
2130:
2118:
517:
448:
313:West Indies Federal Labour Party
264:
263:
10491:Politics of Trinidad and Tobago
10328:Movement for Unity and Progress
10268:Caribbean National Labour Party
10253:National Joint Action Committee
10215:Port of Spain People's Movement
10128:Progressive Democratic Patriots
9449:
9404:from the original on 2 May 2020
9390:
9360:
9330:
9300:
9273:
9243:
9217:
9186:
9160:
9130:
9100:
9082:
9063:
9032:
8994:
8963:
8932:
8902:
8872:
8842:
8812:
8782:
8722:
8683:
8593:
8563:
8533:
8503:
8494:
8483:
8453:
8413:
8374:
8342:
8299:
8201:
8175:
7776:
7699:
7660:
7582:
5540:
4463:Progressive Democratic Patriots
4363:Politics of Trinidad and Tobago
4104:Tobago Council Political Leader
3578:Minister of Works and Transport
3526:AM for Scarborough/Calder Hall
2616:Manning and the PNM re-invented
2252:(NAR). Under the leadership of
478:Politics of Trinidad and Tobago
323:
10448:West Indian Independence Party
10403:Social Democratic Labour Party
8972:"The Manning legacy in energy"
7543:
7456:
7426:
7387:
7349:
7319:
7293:
7287:Trinidad & Tobago Guardian
7274:
7143:
7087:
7033:
6982:
6931:
6826:
6819:
6776:
6769:
6726:
6719:
6666:
6464:
6359:
6143:
5395:
5361:
5207:
5109:
5087:
5006:
4852:
4798:
4749:
4700:
4651:
4338:Tobago House of Assembly Seats
4301:
2681:(UNC) under the leadership of
2604:(NAR) under the leadership of
2528:movement, Williams declared a
877:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
10468:Young People's National Party
10219:National Transformation Party
10152:Progressive Empowerment Party
9045:Trinidad and Tobago News Blog
8735:Trinidad and Tobago News Blog
8306:Ramcharitar, Raymond (2021).
8115:. Policy Press. p. 272.
8066:www.bankofscotlandtrade.co.uk
7946:. Policy Press. p. 272.
7897:www.bankofscotlandtrade.co.uk
7631:. Anchor Books. p. 134.
7514:. Anchor Books. p. 134.
7268:
10393:Progressive Democratic Party
10303:Democratic National Assembly
10224:National Solidarity Assembly
8731:"A leader can be challenged"
8280:Roopnarine, Urvashi Tiwari.
7667:Griffith, Ivelaw L. (1993).
7550:Griffith, Ivelaw L. (1993).
4274:
4165:Assistant General Secretary
3622:Minister of Public Utilities
3171:Minister of External Affairs
2218:, who took inspiration from
139:(Party and Election Matters)
7:
10537:Non-interventionist parties
10206:Unrepresented Peoples Party
10161:Movement for Social Justice
8945:Trinidad Express Newspapers
8914:Trinidad and Tobago Newsday
8665:Trinidad and Tobago Newsday
8635:Trinidad and Tobago Newsday
7251:
4018:for his electoral district)
3951:for her electoral district)
2211:of the political spectrum.
430:Indirectly elected Aldermen
252:PNM National Women's League
10:
10553:
10453:West Indian National Party
10398:Seukeran Independent Party
10373:People's Empowerment Party
10293:Democratic Action Congress
10184:Trinidad Humanity Campaign
10096:People's National Movement
10064:People's National Movement
10030:People's National Movement
10004:People's National Movement
9544:People's National Movement
9008:. Reuters. 5 August 1995.
8854:www.caribbeanelections.com
8824:www.caribbeanelections.com
8605:www.caribbeanelections.com
7750:. Routledge. p. 322.
7594:www.caribbeanelections.com
7331:www.caribbeanelections.com
7217:Trinidad and Tobago portal
6489:
5399:
4382:
4130:Party and Election Matters
3755:
3219:
3175:
2380:. In government since the
2203:and generally sits at the
2177:People's National Movement
62:People's National Movement
47:
36:
29:
18:People’s National Movement
10486:List of political parties
10476:
10463:Workers and Farmers Party
10383:People's Republican Party
10378:People's Popular Movement
10368:People's Democratic Party
10278:Caribbean Socialist Party
10258:African National Congress
10248:Independent Liberal Party
10240:
10156:Independent Liberal Party
10144:Other parties recognized
10143:
10111:
10079:
10051:
10019:
9993:
9873:
9862:
9835:
9801:
9768:
9642:
9589:
9569:
9551:
8318:10.1007/978-3-030-75634-5
7107:
6846:
6686:
6545:
6542:
6539:
6536:
6533:
6210:
5937:
5636:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5492:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5276:
4921:
4816:
4576:
4543:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4527:
4461:
4454:
4451:
4446:
4436:
4432:Tobago Council of the PNM
4427:
4411:
4408:
4358:
4344:
4335:
4308:
4281:
4264:
4254:
4244:
4234:
4224:
4214:
4208:Jennifer Baptiste-Primus
4205:Labour Relations Officer
4204:
4194:
4185:Public Relations Officer
4184:
4174:
4164:
4152:
4097:
4087:
4075:
4063:
4049:
4039:
3943:
3940:
3928:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3707:Chief Secretary of Tobago
3670:
3665:
3662:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3636:
3634:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3604:
3587:
3585:
3575:
3570:
3568:
3561:
3550:
3548:
3543:Chief Secretary of Tobago
3541:
3538:
3535:
3528:
3515:
3513:
3445:
3440:
3437:
3430:
3417:
3415:
3408:
3406:
3179:
3177:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3013:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2896:
2893:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2497:won the other six seats.
2476:Sir Edward Betham Beetham
2100:Sexually liberal feminism
2007:Bias in American academia
1478:European Democratic Party
934:List of liberal theorists
473:
466:
461:
447:
442:
428:
416:Indirectly elected mayors
414:
400:
386:
372:
358:
344:
332:
319:
308:
292:
272:
256:
246:
242:PNM National Youth League
236:
226:
209:
191:
181:
162:
151:
119:
109:
97:
85:
77:
68:
59:
10113:Tobago House of Assembly
10102:United National Congress
10070:United National Congress
10036:United National Congress
10010:United National Congress
9995:House of Representatives
9677:Tracy Davidson-Celestine
8256:. Taylor & Francis.
7109:Tracy Davidson-Celestine
6492:Tobago House of Assembly
6474:Tobago House of Assembly
4476:House of Representatives
4385:Tobago House of Assembly
4346:Tobago House of Assembly
3918:Tracy Davidson-Celestine
3716:Tracy Davidson-Celestine
3165:Minister of Home Affairs
2771:Leader of the Opposition
2703:In government since 2015
2679:United National Congress
2660:United National Congress
2553:Leader of the Opposition
2410:Tobago House of Assembly
2394:House of Representatives
2346:Tobago House of Assembly
2274:House of Representatives
2262:United National Congress
759:Labor theory of property
374:Tobago House of Assembly
360:House of Representatives
165:House of Representatives
48:Not to be confused with
10323:Liberation Action Party
10298:Democratic Labour Party
9924:2020 Davidson-Celestine
9169:"AN ABSENCE OF FANFARE"
8214:. Trafford Publishing.
6692:(National party leader)
6631:(National party leader)
6580:(National party leader)
4322:Camille Robinson-Regis
4198:Laurel Lezama Lee Sing
4099:Deputy Political Leader
4025:Farley Chavez Augustine
3976:Farley Chavez Augustine
3379:Augustus Ramrekersingh
2495:Democratic Labour Party
2230:People's National Party
1468:Arab Liberal Federation
658:Consent of the governed
402:Regional municipalities
294:Political position
10532:Social liberal parties
10343:National Freedom Party
10169:Congress of the People
9743:Augustus Ramrekersingh
8109:Skard, Torild (2015).
7940:Skard, Torild (2015).
6487:
5554:
5410:West Indies Federation
4489:
4080:Camille Robinson-Regis
3752:Tobago Council leaders
2675:1995 General Elections
2647:
2632:
2595:1981 General Elections
2541:boycotted the election
2537:1971 General Elections
2518:Black Power Revolution
2514:1966 General Elections
2507:1961 General Elections
2483:1958 Federal Elections
2464:1956 General Elections
2454:
2266:2000 General Elections
2246:1986 General Elections
2238:1956 General Elections
1483:European Liberal Youth
1453:Africa Liberal Network
678:Economic globalization
215:1 Tranquility Street,
197:; 68 years ago
10428:Trinidad Labour Party
9828:Rowley (2015-present)
9201:. Trinidad Guardian.
8667:. 19 September 2018.
8575:Oxford Business Group
6481:
5548:
4483:
4265:Social Media Officer
4146:Joan Yuille Williams
3426:(party and elections)
3418:Joan Yuille-Williams
3402:Minister of Education
3168:Deputy Prime Minister
3121:Concurrent Office(s)
3112:Concurrent Office(s)
3103:Concurrent Office(s)
3094:Concurrent Office(s)
2638:
2623:
2612:as Political Leader.
2449:
2402:regional corporations
2390:Members of Parliament
2384:, the party holds an
2382:2015 general election
2370:universal health care
2290:2020 general election
2286:1981 general election
2278:2015 general election
2270:Arthur N. R. Robinson
2248:, losing 33–3 to the
2125:Liberalism portal
1997:Anti-authoritarianism
1498:Liberal International
388:Regional corporations
129:(Legislative Matters)
10433:United Freedom Party
10408:Tapia House Movement
10388:People's Voice Party
10313:Fargo House Movement
9875:Leadership elections
9815:Chambers (1981-1986)
9812:Williams (1956-1981)
9746:Joan Yuille-Williams
9342:University of Oxford
9312:www.ttparliament.org
8916:. 15 December 2019.
8358:. 2 September 2017.
7469:. Hodder Education.
4142:Legislastive Matters
3648:(born )(legislation)
3468:Diego Martin Central
3289:Kamaluddin Mohammed
2692:Arthur N.R. Robinson
2564:Karl Hudson-Phillips
2434:branch known as the
2421:democratic socialist
2376:and decriminalizing
2224:democratic socialist
929:Age of Enlightenment
882:Separation of powers
309:Regional affiliation
195:24 January 1956
37:For other uses, see
10443:United Labour Front
10418:Trade Union Council
10209:Unity of the People
10181:New National Vision
9849:Charles (2017-2020)
9824:Manning (2001-2010)
9819:Manning (1991-1995)
9730:Kamaluddin Mohammed
9368:"Kelvin V. Charles"
9144:. 4 December 2019.
9041:"Buying cat in bag"
8910:"Remembering Kamal"
8185:. 4 December 2019.
8042:"Restricted access"
7361:. Routledge. 2016.
4255:Operations Officer
4076:Lady Vice-Chairman
3600:Port of Spain South
3142:Port of Spain South
2673:The party lost the
2587:Kamaluddin Mohammed
2468:Legislative Council
2366:secondary education
2358:universal preschool
2258:Jamaat al-Muslimeen
2189:Trinidad and Tobago
2137:Politics portal
840:Civil and political
813:Popular sovereignty
673:Economic liberalism
468:https://pnmtt.live/
221:Trinidad and Tobago
10283:Citizens' Alliance
10212:The National Party
9855:Dennis (2020-2021)
9846:London (2001-2017)
9173:www.guardian.co.tt
9006:The New York Times
8976:www.guardian.co.tt
8970:Ramnarine, Kevin.
8794:www.guardian.co.tt
8286:www.guardian.co.tt
6488:
5555:
4490:
4215:Elections Officer
4195:Education Officer
4153:General Secretary
4091:Nyan Gadsby-Dolly
3581:Government Senator
3509:Opposition Senator
2774:†: Died in office
2648:
2633:
2530:State of Emergency
2455:
2354:Water Taxi Service
808:Permissive society
788:Limited government
132:Nyan Gadsby-Dolly
10499:
10498:
10413:The Mercy Society
10353:Natural Law Party
10199:Progressive Party
9946:
9945:
9942:
9941:
9869:
9868:
9797:
9796:
9718:A. N. R. Robinson
9708:
9707:
9431:countrystudies.us
9193:Alexander, Gail.
9096:. 11 August 2020.
8884:www.triniview.com
8703:978-0-8139-3685-7
8327:978-3-030-75633-8
8263:978-1-000-18041-1
8221:978-1-4669-4404-6
8122:978-1-4473-1580-3
7953:978-1-4473-1580-3
7795:978-1-317-47156-1
7718:978-1-317-47156-1
7680:978-1-56324-089-8
7563:978-1-56324-089-8
7476:978-1-5104-3689-3
7407:978-1-317-55729-6
7368:978-1-317-47156-1
7281:Alexander, Gail.
7245:Liberalism portal
7205:
7204:
6693:
6632:
6581:
6526:
6525:
6471:
6470:
5583:
5582:
5538:
5537:
5444:
5443:
5393:
5392:
4518:
4517:
4471:Electoral history
4468:
4467:
4381:
4380:
4368:Political parties
4326:
4325:
4299:
4298:
4272:
4271:
4228:Terrence Beepath
4134:Fitzgerald Hinds
4030:
4029:
3900:
3859:
3749:
3748:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3663:10 November 2019
3649:
3646:Fitzgerald Hinds
3595:
3592:
3588:Marlene McDonald
3558:
3555:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3491:
3488:Nafeesa Mohammed
3461:
3427:
3422:
3382:
3357:
3330:Diego Martin West
3325:
3292:
3268:San Fernando West
3263:
3232:
3195:
3190:A. N. R. Robinson
3137:
3066:
3065:
3055:
3030:
2982:
2959:
2934:
2911:
2867:
2823:
2697:General Elections
2606:A. N. R. Robinson
2548:to the position.
2522:A. N. R. Robinson
2173:
2172:
2012:Bias in the media
1528:Regional variants
845:Natural and legal
496:
495:
483:Political parties
283:Social liberalism
147:
140:
135:
130:
110:General Secretary
16:(Redirected from
10544:
10308:Democratic Party
10203:One Tobago Voice
9985:
9984:
9973:
9966:
9959:
9950:
9949:
9914:
9909:
9908:
9876:
9864:^ Interim/Acting
9839:
9833:
9832:
9805:
9783:
9777:
9776:
9772:
9761:Fitzgerald Hinds
9758:Marlene McDonald
9752:Nafeesa Mohammed
9701:
9689:
9673:
9667:
9657:
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9650:
9646:
9635:
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9605:
9593:
9573:
9554:
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9536:
9529:
9522:
9513:
9512:
9490:
9489:
9487:Official website
9473:
9472:
9470:
9468:
9453:
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9444:
9442:
9423:
9414:
9413:
9411:
9409:
9394:
9388:
9387:
9385:
9383:
9372:www.facebook.com
9364:
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8687:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8676:
8657:
8651:
8650:
8648:
8646:
8637:. 11 June 2018.
8627:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8616:
8597:
8591:
8590:
8588:
8586:
8577:. 12 July 2016.
8567:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8556:
8537:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8526:
8515:www.facebook.com
8507:
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7703:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7692:
7664:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7653:
7647:
7630:
7620:Lowenthal, David
7616:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7605:
7586:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7536:
7530:
7513:
7503:Lowenthal, David
7499:
7493:
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5001:
5000:
4993:
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4744:
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4729:
4728:
4703:
4702:
4695:
4694:
4687:
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4679:
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4645:
4638:
4631:
4630:
4602:
4601:
4594:
4520:
4519:
4500:
4499:
4492:
4458:
4444:
4400:
4399:
4353:
4333:
4332:
4306:
4305:
4295:Shenekah Kirton
4279:
4278:
4238:Maxine Richards
4235:Welfare Officer
4168:Patricia Alexis
4051:Political Leader
4037:
4036:
3994:
3929:26 January 2020
3926:
3895:
3889:26 January 2020
3883:
3851:
3839:
3822:Chief Secretary
3810:
3809:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3738:26 January 2020
3735:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3703:26 January 2020
3697:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3660:
3647:
3609:
3593:
3590:
3566:
3556:
3553:
3533:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3498:
3489:
3477:
3459:
3435:
3425:
3420:
3393:
3380:
3368:
3355:
3339:
3323:
3303:
3290:
3277:
3261:
3244:
3230:
3209:
3193:
3151:
3135:
3085:
3084:
3047:
3037:Persad-Bissessar
3022:
3008:
2974:
2951:
2926:
2903:
2894:8 February 1987
2891:
2859:
2853:8 February 1987
2847:
2821:
2815:
2809:24 January 1956
2806:
2777:
2776:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2713:general election
2570:Decline and fall
2561:Attorney General
2501:Independence era
2460:Naparima College
2388:of 22 out of 41
2386:overall majority
2372:, criminalizing
2165:
2158:
2151:
2135:
2134:
2123:
2122:
2041:Economic freedom
2034:Radical centrism
872:Secular humanism
798:Natural monopoly
749:Internationalism
566:Internationalist
521:
498:
497:
452:
437:
423:
409:
395:
381:
367:
353:
327:
326:
267:
266:
260:
205:
203:
198:
145:
138:
134:(Policy Matters)
133:
128:
73:
57:
56:
21:
10552:
10551:
10547:
10546:
10545:
10543:
10542:
10541:
10502:
10501:
10500:
10495:
10481:Portal:Politics
10472:
10241:Defunct parties
10236:
10229:Patriotic Front
10145:
10139:
10107:
10086:
10075:
10054:
10047:
10015:
9989:
9979:
9977:
9947:
9938:
9912:
9907:
9874:
9865:
9858:
9837:
9831:
9803:
9793:
9781:
9770:
9764:
9739:Wendell Mottley
9723:George Chambers
9713:Patrick Solomon
9704:
9695:
9679:
9671:
9670:Kelvin Charles
9665:
9664:Orville London
9655:
9644:
9638:
9629:
9619:
9617:Patrick Manning
9611:
9609:George Chambers
9603:
9591:
9585:
9571:
9565:
9552:
9547:
9543:
9540:
9485:
9484:
9481:
9476:
9466:
9464:
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9454:
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9438:
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9417:
9407:
9405:
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9391:
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9379:
9366:
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9361:
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9349:
9336:
9335:
9331:
9321:
9319:
9306:
9305:
9301:
9291:
9289:
9278:
9274:
9264:
9262:
9249:
9248:
9244:
9234:
9232:
9227:. 13 May 2010.
9223:
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3680:Kelvin Charles
3652:Laventille West
3614:13 August 2019
3516:Orville London
3353:Wendell Mottley
3227:George Chambers
3132:Patrick Solomon
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2883:Patrick Manning
2839:George Chambers
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2546:George Chambers
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2298:Heliconia bihai
2254:Patrick Manning
2242:George Chambers
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4409:Last election
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4248:Jeniece Scott
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4245:Youth Officer
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4225:Field Officer
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4218:Indar Parasam
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4188:Faris Al-Rawi
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4122:Rohan Sinanan
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4118:Policy Matters
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4088:Vice-Chairman
4086:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4009:
4007:
3995:
3988:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:Kelvin Charles
3955:
3953:
3942:
3939:
3927:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3901:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3877:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3833:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3739:
3736:
3729:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3691:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3661:
3654:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3603:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3560:
3551:Rohan Sinanan
3549:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3527:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3471:
3456:Kenneth Valley
3453:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3436:
3429:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3387:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3362:
3360:St. Ann's East
3350:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3333:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3297:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3271:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3250:30 March 1981
3248:
3245:
3238:
3235:St. Ann's East
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3203:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3145:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3115:Deputy Leader
3113:
3110:
3107:
3106:Deputy Leader
3104:
3101:
3098:
3097:Deputy Leader
3095:
3092:
3089:
3088:Deputy Leader
3079:
3076:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3031:
3017:
3012:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2983:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2960:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2935:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2854:
2851:
2850:30 March 1981
2848:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2763:Prime Minister
2720:
2717:
2704:
2701:
2617:
2614:
2571:
2568:
2502:
2499:
2443:
2440:
2374:child marriage
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2127:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:Utilitarianism
2102:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2078:Libertarianism
2075:
2073:Land value tax
2070:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2046:Egalitarianism
2043:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2002:Anti-communism
1999:
1993:
1991:Related topics
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1945:Arizona School
1937:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1913:United Kingdom
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1040:Wollstonecraft
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
946:
945:
942:
941:
938:
937:
931:
925:
920:
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
906:
905:
904:
899:
892:Social justice
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
832:
831:
830:
825:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
793:Market economy
790:
785:
784:
783:
778:
768:
761:
756:
754:Invisible hand
751:
746:
744:Harm principle
741:
740:
739:
734:
729:
724:
723:
722:
717:
702:
697:
696:
695:
690:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
621:
620:
615:
610:
609:
608:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
557:
556:
546:
541:
536:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
514:
513:
507:
506:
494:
493:
491:
490:
485:
480:
474:
471:
470:
464:
463:
459:
458:
445:
444:
440:
439:
434:
432:
426:
425:
420:
418:
412:
411:
406:
404:
398:
397:
392:
390:
384:
383:
378:
376:
370:
369:
364:
362:
356:
355:
350:
348:
342:
341:
336:
330:
329:
321:
317:
316:
310:
306:
305:
296:
290:
289:
276:
270:
269:
261:
254:
253:
250:
244:
243:
240:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
211:
207:
206:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
175:Prime Minister
167:
163:Leader in the
160:
159:
156:
152:Leader in the
149:
148:
137:Rohan Sinanan
123:
121:Deputy Leaders
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
95:
94:
89:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
66:
65:
61:
60:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10549:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10509:
10507:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10478:
10475:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10318:Liberal Party
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10245:
10243:
10239:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10214:
10211:
10208:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10189:
10186:
10183:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10151:
10150:
10148:
10142:
10135:
10132:
10129:
10126:
10123:
10120:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10110:
10103:
10100:
10097:
10094:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10082:
10078:
10071:
10068:
10065:
10062:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10050:
10043:
10040:
10037:
10034:
10031:
10028:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10018:
10011:
10008:
10005:
10002:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9992:
9988:
9983:
9974:
9969:
9967:
9962:
9960:
9955:
9954:
9951:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9919:
9918:
9916:
9910:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9893:
9890:
9887:
9884:
9881:
9880:
9878:
9872:
9861:
9854:
9851:
9848:
9845:
9844:
9842:
9840:
9834:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9814:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9806:
9804:In Government
9800:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9784:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9767:
9760:
9757:
9755:Rohan Sinanan
9754:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9729:
9727:Errol Mahabir
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9710:
9699:
9694:
9691:
9687:
9683:
9678:
9675:
9669:
9663:
9662:
9660:
9658:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9641:
9633:
9628:
9627:
9623:
9618:
9615:
9610:
9607:
9602:
9601:Eric Williams
9599:
9598:
9596:
9594:
9588:
9582:
9581:Eric Williams
9579:
9578:
9576:
9574:
9568:
9562:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9550:
9546:
9537:
9532:
9530:
9525:
9523:
9518:
9517:
9514:
9507:
9504:
9501:
9498:
9495:
9492:
9488:
9483:
9482:
9462:
9458:
9452:
9436:
9432:
9428:
9422:
9420:
9403:
9399:
9393:
9377:
9373:
9369:
9363:
9347:
9343:
9339:
9333:
9317:
9313:
9309:
9303:
9287:
9283:
9276:
9260:
9256:
9252:
9251:"Index Ro-Ry"
9246:
9230:
9226:
9220:
9204:
9200:
9196:
9189:
9174:
9170:
9163:
9147:
9143:
9139:
9133:
9117:
9113:
9109:
9103:
9095:
9091:
9085:
9077:
9073:
9066:
9050:
9046:
9042:
9035:
9019:
9015:
9011:
9007:
9003:
8997:
8981:
8977:
8973:
8966:
8950:
8946:
8942:
8935:
8919:
8915:
8911:
8905:
8889:
8885:
8881:
8875:
8859:
8855:
8851:
8845:
8829:
8825:
8821:
8815:
8799:
8795:
8791:
8785:
8769:
8765:
8759:
8757:
8740:
8736:
8732:
8725:
8709:
8705:
8699:
8695:
8694:
8686:
8670:
8666:
8662:
8656:
8640:
8636:
8632:
8626:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8596:
8580:
8576:
8572:
8566:
8550:
8546:
8542:
8536:
8520:
8516:
8512:
8506:
8497:
8491:
8486:
8470:
8466:
8462:
8456:
8440:
8436:
8434:9781886938076
8430:
8426:
8425:
8416:
8400:
8396:
8394:9781135236816
8390:
8387:. Routledge.
8386:
8385:
8377:
8361:
8357:
8356:
8355:The Economist
8351:
8345:
8337:
8333:
8329:
8323:
8319:
8315:
8311:
8310:
8302:
8287:
8283:
8276:
8274:
8265:
8259:
8255:
8254:
8246:
8244:
8227:
8223:
8217:
8213:
8212:
8204:
8188:
8184:
8178:
8162:
8158:
8154:
8147:
8128:
8124:
8118:
8114:
8113:
8107:
8095:
8091:
8090:www.coface.at
8087:
8083:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8047:
8043:
8039:
8035:
8029:
8010:
8006:
7999:
7995:
7983:
7979:
7975:
7971:
7959:
7955:
7949:
7945:
7944:
7938:
7926:
7922:
7921:www.coface.at
7918:
7914:
7902:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7886:
7880:
7861:
7857:
7850:
7846:
7834:
7830:
7826:
7822:
7821:
7817:
7801:
7797:
7791:
7787:
7786:
7779:
7763:
7759:
7757:9781317471561
7753:
7749:
7748:
7740:
7724:
7720:
7714:
7710:
7709:
7702:
7686:
7682:
7676:
7672:
7671:
7663:
7644:
7640:
7634:
7627:
7626:
7621:
7615:
7599:
7595:
7591:
7585:
7569:
7565:
7559:
7555:
7554:
7546:
7527:
7523:
7517:
7510:
7509:
7504:
7498:
7482:
7478:
7472:
7468:
7467:
7459:
7443:
7439:
7435:
7429:
7413:
7409:
7403:
7400:. Routledge.
7399:
7398:
7390:
7374:
7370:
7364:
7360:
7359:
7352:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7322:
7307:
7306:newsday.co.tt
7303:
7296:
7288:
7284:
7277:
7273:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7246:
7240:
7235:
7232:
7226:
7221:
7218:
7207:
7201:
7198:
7190:
7182:
7175:
7167:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7158:December 2021
7156:
7154:
7153:
7141:
7133:
7126:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7099:
7096:
7093:
7085:
7077:
7070:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7042:
7039:
7031:
7023:
7016:
7008:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6991:
6988:
6980:
6972:
6965:
6957:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6940:
6937:
6929:
6921:
6914:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6889:
6886:
6878:
6870:
6863:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6824:
6817:
6810:
6802:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6774:
6767:
6760:
6752:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6702:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6675:
6672:
6664:
6656:
6649:
6641:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6600:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6577:
6576:Eric Williams
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6562:
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5638:Eric Williams
5634:
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5618:
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5599:Corporations
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5576:MediaWiki.org
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5504:Eric Williams
5499:
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5116:PNM Minority
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4578:Eric Williams
4574:
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4437:Ancil Dennis
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4349:
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4318:
4315:
4312:Officeholder
4311:
4307:
4294:
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4288:
4285:Officeholder
4284:
4280:
4267:
4261:
4257:
4251:
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4241:
4237:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4197:
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4181:
4178:Kazim Hosein
4177:
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4043:Officeholder
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3987:Ancil Dennis
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3594:(legislation)
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3259:
3258:Errol Mahabir
3256:
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2812:29 March 1981
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2798:Eric Williams
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2683:Basdeo Panday
2680:
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2664:Occah Seepaul
2661:
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2591:Errol Mahabir
2588:
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2451:Eric Williams
2448:
2442:Rise to power
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2323:African Party
2320:
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2303:Port of Spain
2300:
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2255:
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2239:
2236:. It won the
2235:
2231:
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2225:
2221:
2220:Norman Manley
2217:
2216:Eric Williams
2212:
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2061:Individualism
2059:
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1940:United States
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1540:Latin America
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1445:Organizations
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927:
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923:
918:
917:
910:
907:
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902:Welfare state
900:
898:
895:
894:
893:
890:
888:
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883:
880:
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875:
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868:
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782:
779:
777:
774:
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769:
767:
766:
765:Laissez-faire
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
711:
708:
707:
706:
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217:Port of Spain
212:
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194:
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186:Eric Williams
184:
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76:
72:
67:
58:
55:
51:
44:
40:
33:
19:
10438:United Front
10263:Butler Party
10095:
10087:corporations
10063:
10055:corporations
10029:
10003:
9920:2016 Charles
9882:1987 Manning
9852:Jack^ (2020)
9734:Keith Rowley
9693:Ancil Dennis
9692:
9626:Keith Rowley
9624:
9542:
9465:. Retrieved
9451:
9439:. Retrieved
9430:
9406:. Retrieved
9392:
9380:. Retrieved
9371:
9362:
9350:. Retrieved
9341:
9332:
9320:. Retrieved
9311:
9302:
9290:. Retrieved
9275:
9263:. Retrieved
9254:
9245:
9233:. Retrieved
9219:
9207:. Retrieved
9198:
9188:
9178:17 September
9176:. Retrieved
9172:
9162:
9150:. Retrieved
9141:
9132:
9120:. Retrieved
9111:
9102:
9093:
9084:
9075:
9065:
9053:. Retrieved
9044:
9034:
9022:. Retrieved
9005:
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8975:
8965:
8953:. Retrieved
8944:
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8922:. Retrieved
8913:
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8892:. Retrieved
8883:
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8862:. Retrieved
8853:
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8832:. Retrieved
8823:
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8802:. Retrieved
8793:
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8772:. Retrieved
8743:. Retrieved
8734:
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8712:. Retrieved
8692:
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8664:
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8634:
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8613:. Retrieved
8604:
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8583:. Retrieved
8574:
8565:
8553:. Retrieved
8544:
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8523:. Retrieved
8514:
8505:
8496:
8485:
8473:. Retrieved
8464:
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8443:. Retrieved
8423:
8415:
8403:. Retrieved
8383:
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8364:. Retrieved
8353:
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8308:
8301:
8289:. Retrieved
8285:
8252:
8230:. Retrieved
8210:
8203:
8191:. Retrieved
8177:
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8156:
8146:
8131:. Retrieved
8111:
8098:. Retrieved
8089:
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8065:
8050:. Retrieved
8016:. Retrieved
8004:
7986:. Retrieved
7977:
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7942:
7929:. Retrieved
7920:
7905:. Retrieved
7896:
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7855:
7837:. Retrieved
7828:
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7804:. Retrieved
7784:
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7766:. Retrieved
7746:
7739:
7727:. Retrieved
7707:
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7689:. Retrieved
7669:
7662:
7650:. Retrieved
7624:
7614:
7602:. Retrieved
7593:
7584:
7572:. Retrieved
7552:
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7533:. Retrieved
7507:
7497:
7485:. Retrieved
7465:
7458:
7446:. Retrieved
7437:
7428:
7416:. Retrieved
7396:
7389:
7377:. Retrieved
7357:
7351:
7339:. Retrieved
7330:
7321:
7311:17 September
7309:. Retrieved
7305:
7295:
7286:
7276:
7104:January 2021
6690:
6629:
6578:
6212:Keith Rowley
5944:
5943:
5882:
5881:
5812:
5811:
5765:
5764:
5718:
5717:
5685:
5684:
5667:
5666:
5596:Councillors
5541:Corporations
5527:
5452:Party Group
5278:Keith Rowley
4560:
4552:
4539:
4529:Party leader
4528:
4523:
4431:
4392:
4292:Chairperson
4258:Irene Hinds
4109:Ancil Dennis
4068:Stuart Young
4056:Keith Rowley
4024:
4011:
4001:
3998:
3982:
3975:
3967:Ancil Dennis
3966:
3957:
3944:
3931:
3930:
3912:
3905:
3892:
3886:3 July 2016
3871:
3864:
3848:
3845:3 July 2016
3827:
3800:
3792:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3718:
3700:3 July 2016
3597:
3589:
3552:
3539:3 July 2016
3466:
3463:
3458:
3424:
3419:
3327:
3322:
3320:Keith Rowley
3265:
3260:
3229:
3197:
3192:
3139:
3134:
3081:
3060:
3052:
3044:
3035:
3019:
3011:27 May 2010
3000:Keith Rowley
2987:
2971:
2964:
2948:
2939:
2923:
2916:
2900:
2897:27 May 2010
2872:
2856:
2828:
2818:
2766:
2758:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2706:
2688:
2672:
2656:
2649:
2640:Keith Rowley
2599:
2579:Ellis Clarke
2576:
2573:
2557:
2550:
2534:
2511:
2504:
2480:
2456:
2418:
2339:
2333:, Christian
2327:Creole Party
2326:
2322:
2318:
2296:
2294:
2282:Keith Rowley
2213:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2095:Pirate Party
1955:Jeffersonian
1863:South Africa
1353:Lloyd George
948:Philosophers
855:To bear arms
803:Open society
763:
539:Conservative
248:Women's wing
230:
210:Headquarters
170:Keith Rowley
158:Amery Browne
143:Ancil Dennis
104:Stuart Young
92:Keith Rowley
78:Abbreviation
54:
10233:Green Party
10134:Independent
10081:Councillors
10042:Independent
9929:2022 Dennis
9888:2010 Rowley
9672:(2016–2020)
9666:(1998–2016)
9620:(1987–2010)
9612:(1981–1987)
9604:(1955–1981)
9553:Subnational
9494:PNM Website
8555:12 December
8525:12 December
8445:18 November
8405:18 November
8366:2 September
8232:18 November
8133:18 November
7964:18 November
7448:12 December
7418:31 December
6546:Government
6515:Phabricator
5610:Vote share
5572:Phabricator
5467:Government
5433:Phabricator
5396:West Indies
4544:Government
4507:Phabricator
4412:Government
4319:Chairwoman
4302:Women's Arm
3997:1 May 2022
3941:1 May 2022
3460:(1948-2011)
3356:(born 1941)
3324:(born 1949)
3291:(1927-2015)
3262:(1931-2015)
3231:(1928-1997)
3200:Tobago East
3194:(1926-2014)
3136:(1910-1997)
2526:Black Power
2319:Black Party
2227:centre-left
2209:centre-left
1923:Gladstonian
1883:Switzerland
1868:South Korea
1811:Philippines
1771:New Zealand
1766:Netherlands
1423:Verhofstadt
1418:Balcerowicz
1227:Politicians
1155:Collingwood
1095:Tocqueville
970:Montesquieu
862:Rule of law
663:Due process
315:(1957–1962)
303:centre-left
287:Nationalism
257:Membership
126:Colm Imbert
99:Chairperson
10506:Categories
10146:by the EBC
10085:municipal
10053:Municipal
9508:(archived)
9506:PNM Abroad
9502:(archived)
9500:Vision PNM
9496:(archived)
9467:27 January
9382:21 January
9322:21 January
9292:27 January
9265:20 January
9142:pnmtt.live
9112:pnmtt.live
8675:18 January
8645:18 January
8018:15 January
7988:15 January
7869:15 January
7839:15 January
7806:15 January
7768:3 December
7729:15 January
7652:3 December
7535:3 December
7269:References
7150:Caretaker
6490:See also:
5400:See also:
4420:Votes (%)
4395:executives
4383:See also:
4175:Treasurer
4014:(lost the
3947:(lost the
3756:See also:
3742:1 May 2022
3720:(born 1978
3682:(born 1957
3518:(born 1945
3385:St. Joseph
3124:Leader(s)
2491:Opposition
2432:Tobagonian
2412:since the
2404:since the
2201:liberalism
2051:Empiricism
2022:Democratic
2017:Capitalism
1928:Manchester
1761:Montenegro
1746:Luxembourg
1682:Venizelism
1612:Costa Rica
867:Secularism
700:Federalism
652:Principles
511:Liberalism
279:Liberalism
238:Youth wing
202:1956-01-24
9700:–present)
9014:0362-4331
8336:250255721
8193:12 August
8157:NZ Herald
6543:Position
6531:Election
5845:100 / 113
5588:Election
5464:Position
5449:Election
4373:Elections
4309:Position
4282:Position
4275:Youth Arm
4064:Chairman
4040:Position
3819:Position
3667:Incumbent
3572:Incumbent
3442:Incumbent
3295:Barataria
3015:Incumbent
2822:1955–1981
2786:Position
2325:, or the
2066:Anarchist
1974:Venezuela
1950:Classical
1918:Cobdenism
1821:Cracovian
1776:Nicaragua
1741:Lithuania
1600:Hong Kong
1555:Australia
1393:Roosevelt
1363:Ståhlberg
1358:Venizelos
1313:Sarmiento
1303:Gladstone
1263:Lamartine
1233:Jefferson
1085:Martineau
1035:De Gouges
1020:Condorcet
1005:Priestley
668:Democracy
640:Third Way
601:Christian
596:Religious
534:Classical
488:Elections
227:Newspaper
9461:Archived
9435:Archived
9402:Archived
9376:Archived
9346:Archived
9316:Archived
9286:Archived
9259:Archived
9235:18 April
9229:Archived
9203:Archived
9152:18 April
9146:Archived
9122:18 April
9116:Archived
9094:BBC News
9055:18 April
9049:Archived
9024:18 April
9018:Archived
8986:18 April
8980:Archived
8955:18 April
8949:Archived
8924:18 April
8918:Archived
8894:18 April
8888:Archived
8864:18 April
8858:Archived
8834:18 April
8828:Archived
8804:18 April
8798:Archived
8768:Archived
8745:18 April
8739:Archived
8708:Archived
8669:Archived
8639:Archived
8609:Archived
8579:Archived
8549:Archived
8519:Archived
8469:Archived
8439:Archived
8399:Archived
8360:Archived
8226:Archived
8187:Archived
8161:Archived
8127:Archived
8094:Archived
8070:Archived
8046:Archived
8028:cite web
8009:Archived
7982:Archived
7958:Archived
7925:Archived
7901:Archived
7879:cite web
7860:Archived
7833:Archived
7800:Archived
7762:Archived
7723:Archived
7685:Archived
7643:Archived
7604:18 April
7598:Archived
7568:Archived
7526:Archived
7487:18 April
7481:Archived
7442:Archived
7438:BTI Blog
7412:Archived
7373:Archived
7341:18 April
7335:Archived
7252:See also
7162:11,943*
6443:70 / 141
6427:130,868
6390:72 / 139
6374:161,962
6338:83 / 137
6322:174,754
6285:84 / 136
6269:190,421
6232:36 / 134
6216:130,505
6174:83 / 126
6158:172,525
6122:67 / 124
6106:157,631
6069:63 / 124
6053:155,585
6016:86 / 139
6000:154.818
5963:46 / 125
5901:54 / 120
5798:68 / 100
5751:90 / 100
5704:68 / 100
5642:140,275
5511:119,527
5331:322,250
5282:378,447
5226:285,354
5177:299,813
5128:308,762
5080:260,075
5031:276,334
4976:256,159
4927:233,150
4871:183,635
4822:218,557
4768:169,194
4670:158,573
4621:190,003
4582:105,513
4540:Position
4524:Election
3726:(Tobago)
3688:(Tobago)
3557:(policy)
3524:(Tobago)
3181:Williams
2917:Robinson
2709:election
2473:Governor
2378:cannabis
2309:and the
2056:Humanism
2029:Centrism
1979:Zimbabwe
1933:Whiggism
1893:Thailand
1858:Slovenia
1853:Slovakia
1828:Portugal
1801:Paraguay
1724:Liberism
1689:Honduras
1607:Colombia
1580:Bulgaria
1373:Rathenau
1348:Milyukov
1268:Macaulay
1238:Kołłątaj
1210:Kymlicka
1190:Friedman
1135:Cassirer
1125:Hobhouse
1060:Constant
1055:Humboldt
1015:Beccaria
980:Rousseau
975:Voltaire
818:Property
781:Positive
776:Negative
732:Religion
710:Economic
683:Equality
606:Catholic
576:National
571:Muscular
549:Feminist
544:Cultural
503:a series
501:Part of
455:Balisier
408:70 / 141
274:Ideology
9632:present
9592:Leaders
9572:Founder
9352:12 July
9076:Reuters
8714:5 April
8475:5 April
7113:13,288
7073:10 / 12
7057:13,310
7019:12 / 12
7003:19,976
6952:12,311
6917:11 / 12
6901:12,137
6850:10,500
6534:Leader
6517:and on
6031:10 / 14
5860:11 / 11
5829:74,667
5782:64,725
5735:12,287
5653:33 / 72
5604:Leader
5574:and on
5455:Leader
5435:and on
5347:22 / 41
5334:49.08%
5298:23 / 41
5285:51.68%
5242:12 / 41
5229:39.65%
5193:26 / 41
5180:45.85%
5144:20 / 36
5095:18 / 36
5047:16 / 36
4992:17 / 36
4943:21 / 36
4838:26 / 36
4784:24 / 36
4735:36 / 36
4719:99,723
4686:24 / 36
4637:20 / 30
4593:13 / 24
4509:and on
4406:Leader
4002:Elected
3934:Elected
3906:himself
3865:himself
3813:Leader
3650:MP for
3598:MP for
3591:(born )
3554:(born )
3490:(born )
3464:MP for
3421:(born )
3410:Manning
3383:MP for
3381:(born )
3358:MP for
3328:MP for
3293:MP for
3266:MP for
3233:MP for
3198:MP for
3140:MP for
3061:himself
3053:present
2989:himself
2941:himself
2873:himself
2829:himself
2780:Leader
2535:In the
2512:In the
2505:In the
2481:In the
2426:in the
2392:in the
2362:primary
2335:Indians
2331:Chinese
2315:Mulatto
2234:Jamaica
1969:Uruguay
1908:Ukraine
1898:Tunisia
1843:Senegal
1833:Romania
1781:Nigeria
1756:Moldova
1699:Iceland
1694:Hungary
1672:Germany
1667:Georgia
1657:Finland
1652:Estonia
1642:Ecuador
1637:Denmark
1632:Czechia
1617:Croatia
1570:Bolivia
1565:Belgium
1560:Austria
1550:Armenia
1545:Albania
1413:Jenkins
1408:Kennedy
1398:Pearson
1383:Einaudi
1368:Gokhale
1328:Itagaki
1323:Naoroji
1318:Mommsen
1298:Lincoln
1288:Mazzini
1273:Kossuth
1258:Broglie
1253:Bolívar
1248:Artigas
1243:Madison
1105:Spencer
1090:Emerson
1080:Bastiat
1065:Ricardo
1025:Bentham
965:Spinoza
922:History
823:Private
771:Liberty
705:Freedom
625:Secular
613:Islamic
591:Radical
528:Schools
462:Website
436:29 / 56
366:22 / 41
352:16 / 31
325:
268:105,894
200: (
192:Founded
182:Founder
10021:Senate
9913:Tobago
9838:Tobago
9782:Former
9630:(2010–
9209:8 July
9012:
8700:
8615:7 July
8585:7 July
8431:
8391:
8334:
8324:
8291:8 July
8260:
8218:
8167:30 May
8119:
8100:30 May
8076:30 May
8052:30 May
7950:
7931:30 May
7907:30 May
7792:
7754:
7715:
7691:30 May
7677:
7635:
7574:30 May
7560:
7518:
7473:
7404:
7379:31 May
7365:
7178:1 / 15
7165:40.8*
7129:6 / 12
6968:8 / 12
6866:8 / 12
6813:1 / 12
6797:5,023
6763:1 / 12
6747:6,555
6713:1 / 12
6697:5,977
6652:1 / 12
6636:8,200
6596:4 / 12
6585:7,097
6540:Seats
6537:Votes
6458:7 / 14
6430:39.5%
6405:7 / 14
6377:43.5%
6353:8 / 14
6325:48.2%
6300:8 / 14
6272:42.3%
6247:5 / 14
6227:19.7%
6219:33.6%
6189:9 / 14
6161:53.3%
6137:7 / 14
6109:46.6%
6084:7 / 14
6056:43.7%
6011:11.0%
6003:50.3%
5978:3 / 11
5950:39.3%
5916:5 / 11
5896:18.7%
5888:39.1%
5832:57.8%
5785:51.1%
5738:52.1%
5691:49.4%
5645:48.1%
5593:Votes
5524:40.0%
5519:4 / 10
5514:47.4%
5481:Share
5475:Share
5461:Seats
5458:Votes
5412:, and
5293:12.03
5131:50.9%
5083:46.5%
5034:46.5%
4979:48.8%
4930:45.1%
4887:3 / 36
4874:32.0%
4825:52.9%
4771:54.2%
4722:84.1%
4673:52.4%
4624:57.0%
4585:39.8%
4536:Seats
4533:Votes
4457:1 / 12
4423:Seats
4403:Party
4352:1 / 15
3786:
3784:
3777:
3775:
3638:Rowley
2965:Panday
2752:
2750:
2743:
2741:
2734:
2732:
2642:, the
2627:, the
2398:Senate
2352:, the
2348:, the
2321:, the
2311:Creole
2280:under
2205:centre
1962:Modern
1903:Turkey
1888:Taiwan
1878:Sweden
1848:Serbia
1838:Russia
1816:Poland
1796:Panama
1791:Norway
1751:Mexico
1736:Latvia
1714:Israel
1677:Greece
1662:France
1627:Cyprus
1585:Canada
1575:Brazil
1535:Europe
1433:Macron
1378:Madero
1343:Deakin
1333:Levski
1308:Cavour
1293:Juárez
1283:Cobden
1215:Badawi
1205:Nozick
1185:Berlin
1175:Popper
1150:Keynes
1145:Ortega
1110:Arnold
1070:Guizot
1030:Korais
995:Turgot
955:Milton
835:Rights
828:Public
737:Speech
715:Market
688:Gender
635:Techno
630:Social
618:Jewish
554:Equity
457:flower
394:7 / 14
380:1 / 15
346:Senate
320:Colors
299:Centre
259:(2022)
231:MAGNUM
154:Senate
87:Leader
10089:(139)
9441:9 May
9408:8 May
8774:7 May
8332:S2CID
8012:(PDF)
8001:(PDF)
7978:Stuff
7863:(PDF)
7852:(PDF)
7829:Stuff
7646:(PDF)
7629:(PDF)
7529:(PDF)
7512:(PDF)
7173:9.6*
7116:50.4
7060:54.7
7014:10.0
7006:61.2
6955:51.2
6912:11.7
6904:58.4
6861:13.3
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3342:1987
3306:1971
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3215:1970
3212:1967
3157:1966
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1873:Spain
1731:Japan
1719:Italy
1704:India
1647:Egypt
1595:China
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1195:Rawls
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1160:Čapek
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