7075:
4285:
6489:
3534:
6452:
7070:{\displaystyle \Delta H^{\prime }=2{\sqrt {C_{1}^{\prime }C_{2}^{\prime }}}\sin(\Delta h^{\prime }/2),\quad {\bar {H}}^{\prime }={\begin{cases}(h_{1}^{\prime }+h_{2}^{\prime })/2&\left|h_{1}^{\prime }-h_{2}^{\prime }\right|\leq 180^{\circ }\\(h_{1}^{\prime }+h_{2}^{\prime }+360^{\circ })/2&\left|h_{1}^{\prime }-h_{2}^{\prime }\right|>180^{\circ },h_{1}^{\prime }+h_{2}^{\prime }<360^{\circ }\\(h_{1}^{\prime }+h_{2}^{\prime }-360^{\circ })/2&\left|h_{1}^{\prime }-h_{2}^{\prime }\right|>180^{\circ },h_{1}^{\prime }+h_{2}^{\prime }\geq 360^{\circ }\end{cases}}}
4280:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Delta L^{*}&=L_{1}^{*}-L_{2}^{*},\\C_{1}^{*}&={\sqrt {{a_{1}^{*}}^{2}+{b_{1}^{*}}^{2}}},\\C_{2}^{*}&={\sqrt {{a_{2}^{*}}^{2}+{b_{2}^{*}}^{2}}},\\\Delta C^{*}&=C_{1}^{*}-C_{2}^{*},\\\Delta H^{*}&={\sqrt {{\Delta E_{ab}^{*}}^{2}-{\Delta L^{*}}^{2}-{\Delta C^{*}}^{2}}}={\sqrt {{\Delta a^{*}}^{2}+{\Delta b^{*}}^{2}-{\Delta C^{*}}^{2}}},\\\Delta a^{*}&=a_{1}^{*}-a_{2}^{*},\\\Delta b^{*}&=b_{1}^{*}-b_{2}^{*},\\S_{L}&=1,\\S_{C}&=1+K_{1}C_{1}^{*},\\S_{H}&=1+K_{2}C_{1}^{*},\\\end{aligned}}}
6032:
9884:
6447:{\displaystyle \Delta h'={\begin{cases}h_{2}^{\prime }-h_{1}^{\prime }&\left|h_{1}^{\prime }-h_{2}^{\prime }\right|\leq 180^{\circ }\\h_{2}^{\prime }-h_{1}^{\prime }+360^{\circ }&\left|h_{1}^{\prime }-h_{2}^{\prime }\right|>180^{\circ },h_{2}^{\prime }\leq h_{1}^{\prime }\\h_{2}^{\prime }-h_{1}^{\prime }-360^{\circ }&\left|h_{1}^{\prime }-h_{2}^{\prime }\right|>180^{\circ },h_{2}^{\prime }>h_{1}^{\prime }\end{cases}}}
7860:
9894:
9258:
5808:
4837:
1558:
5518:
1107:: a color space in which equivalent numerical differences represent equivalent visual differences, regardless of location within the color space. A truly uniform color space has been the goal of color scientists for many years. Most color spaces, though not perfectly uniform, are referred to as uniform color spaces, since they are more nearly uniform when compared to the chromaticity diagram.
5233:
3088:
1072:
2825:
2558:
5524:
5239:
4541:
3525:
617:
7565:
4944:
2831:
7352:
843:
834:
2564:
5986:
2313:
1700:
The CIE 1976 color difference formula is the first formula that related a measured color difference to a known set of CIELAB coordinates. This formula has been succeeded by the 1994 and 2000 formulas because the CIELAB space turned out to be not as perceptually uniform as intended, especially in the
1093:
CIELAB and CIELUV are relatively perceptually-uniform color spaces and they have been used as spaces for
Euclidean measures of color difference. The CIELAB version is known as CIE76. However, the non-uniformity of these spaces were later discovered, leading to the creation of more complex formulae.
426:
There have been many attempts to weigh RGB values to better fit human perception, where the components are commonly weighted (red 30%, green 59%, and blue 11%), however, these are demonstrably worse at color determinations and are properly the contributions to the brightness of these colors, rather
1084:
with the hue represented as a circle, placing the various colors within a three-dimensional space of either a cylinder or cone, but most of these are just modifications of RGB; without accounting for differences in human color perception, they will tend to be on par with a simple
Euclidean metric.
3311:
434:
7358:
2166:
alone) has two parameters: lightness (l) and chroma (c), allowing the users to weight the difference based on the ratio of l:c that is deemed appropriate for the application. Commonly used values are 2:1 for acceptability and 1:1 for the threshold of imperceptibility.
7135:
2060:
7780:
624:
5803:{\displaystyle {\bar {C}}^{\prime }={\frac {C_{1}^{\prime }+C_{2}^{\prime }}{2}}{\mbox{ and }}\Delta {C'}=C'_{2}-C'_{1}\quad {\mbox{where }}C_{1}^{\prime }={\sqrt {a_{1}^{'^{2}}+b_{1}^{*^{2}}}}\quad C_{2}^{\prime }={\sqrt {a_{2}^{'^{2}}+b_{2}^{*^{2}}}}\quad }
5513:{\displaystyle a_{1}^{\prime }=a_{1}^{*}+{\frac {a_{1}^{*}}{2}}\left(1-{\sqrt {\frac {{\bar {C}}^{7}}{{\bar {C}}^{7}+25^{7}}}}\right)\quad a_{2}^{\prime }=a_{2}^{*}+{\frac {a_{2}^{*}}{2}}\left(1-{\sqrt {\frac {{\bar {C}}^{7}}{{\bar {C}}^{7}+25^{7}}}}\right)}
4832:{\displaystyle \Delta E_{00}^{*}={\sqrt {\left({\frac {\Delta L'}{k_{L}S_{L}}}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {\Delta C'}{k_{C}S_{C}}}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {\Delta H'}{k_{H}S_{H}}}\right)^{2}+R_{T}{\frac {\Delta C'}{k_{C}S_{C}}}{\frac {\Delta H'}{k_{H}S_{H}}}}}}
5814:
1542:
1338:
5228:{\displaystyle {\bar {L}}={\frac {L_{1}^{*}+L_{2}^{*}}{2}}\quad {\bar {C}}={\frac {C_{1}^{*}+C_{2}^{*}}{2}}\quad {\mbox{where }}C_{1}^{*}={\sqrt {{a_{1}^{*}}^{2}+{b_{1}^{*}}^{2}}},\quad C_{2}^{*}={\sqrt {{a_{2}^{*}}^{2}+{b_{2}^{*}}^{2}}},\quad }
7880:, then the answer is simply "the set of points whose distance to the reference is less than the just-noticeable-difference (JND) threshold". This requires a perceptually uniform metric in order for the threshold to be constant throughout the
261:
3083:{\displaystyle F={\sqrt {\frac {C_{1}^{*^{4}}}{C_{1}^{*^{4}}+1900}}}\quad T={\begin{cases}0.56+|0.2\cos(h_{1}+168^{\circ })|&164^{\circ }\leq h_{1}\leq 345^{\circ }\\0.36+|0.4\cos(h_{1}+35^{\circ })|&{\mbox{otherwise}}\end{cases}}}
1067:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\bar {r}}&={\frac {1}{2}}(R_{1}+R_{2}),\\\Delta C&={\sqrt {\left(2+{\frac {\bar {r}}{256}}\right)\Delta R^{2}+4\Delta G^{2}+\left(2+{\frac {255-{\bar {r}}}{256}}\right)\Delta B^{2}}}.\end{aligned}}}
414:
2820:{\displaystyle S_{L}={\begin{cases}0.511&L_{1}^{*}<16\\{\frac {0.040975L_{1}^{*}}{1+0.01765L_{1}^{*}}}&L_{1}^{*}\geq 16\end{cases}}\quad S_{C}={\frac {0.0638C_{1}^{*}}{1+0.0131C_{1}^{*}}}+0.638\quad S_{H}=S_{C}(FT+1-F)}
1155:
was introduced, since CIEDE2000 was not adequate for it: CIEDE2000 is not reliable below 1 cd/m and has not been verified above 100 cd/m; in addition, even in BT.709 blue primary CIEDE2000 is underpredicting the error.
50:
allows quantified examination of a notion that formerly could only be described with adjectives. Quantification of these properties is of great importance to those whose work is color-critical. Common definitions make use of the
418:
This will work in cases when a single color WAS to be compared to a single color and the need is to simply know whether a distance is greater. If these squared color distances are summed, such a metric effectively becomes the
7842:. The maximum discontinuity happens when the hues of two sample colors are about 180° apart, and is usually small relative to ΔE (less than 4%). There is also a negligible amount of discontinuity from hue rollover.
2553:{\displaystyle \Delta E_{CMC}^{*}={\sqrt {\left({\frac {L_{2}^{*}-L_{1}^{*}}{l\times S_{L}}}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {C_{2}^{*}-C_{1}^{*}}{c\times S_{C}}}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {\Delta H_{ab}^{*}}{S_{H}}}\right)^{2}}}}
79:, the standard means of determining distances is the Euclidean distance. If one presently has an RGB (red, green, blue) tuple and wishes to find the color difference, computationally one of the easiest is to consider
1873:
3108:
The CIE 1976 color difference definition was extended to address perceptual non-uniformities, while retaining the CIELAB color space, by the introduction of application-specific parametric weighting factors
3520:{\displaystyle \Delta E_{94}^{*}={\sqrt {\left({\frac {\Delta L^{*}}{k_{L}S_{L}}}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {\Delta C^{*}}{k_{C}S_{C}}}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {\Delta H^{*}}{k_{H}S_{H}}}\right)^{2}}},}
4938:
7571:
1645:
color space have led to the CIE refining their definition over the years, leading to the superior (as recommended by the CIE) 1994 and 2000 formulas. These non-uniformities are important because
3539:
848:
629:
612:{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}{\sqrt {2\Delta R^{2}+4\Delta G^{2}+3\Delta B^{2}}},&{\bar {R}}<128,\\{\sqrt {3\Delta R^{2}+4\Delta G^{2}+2\Delta B^{2}}}&{\text{otherwise}},\end{cases}}}
7560:{\displaystyle S_{L}=1+{\frac {0.015\left({\bar {L}}-50\right)^{2}}{\sqrt {20+{\left({\bar {L}}-50\right)}^{2}}}}\quad S_{C}=1+0.045{\bar {C}}^{\prime }\quad S_{H}=1+0.015{\bar {C}}^{\prime }T}
1866:
1786:
5998:
which usually has a range from −π to π radians; color specifications are given in 0 to 360 degrees, so some adjustment is needed. The inverse tangent is indeterminate if both
1186:
3304:
3230:
2105:
1670:
formulae are originally designed to have the difference of 1.0 stand for a JND. This convention is generally followed by other perceptual distance functions such as the aforementioned
120:
2306:
2237:
8657:
Sharma, Gaurav; Wu, Wencheng; Dalal, Edul N. (February 2005). "The CIEDE2000 color-difference formula: Implementation notes, supplementary test data, and mathematical observations".
7347:{\displaystyle T=1-0.17\cos({\bar {H}}^{\prime }-30^{\circ })+0.24\cos(2{\bar {H}}^{\prime })+0.32\cos(3{\bar {H}}^{\prime }+6^{\circ })-0.20\cos(4{\bar {H}}^{\prime }-63^{\circ })}
270:
4489:
1399:
7812:
829:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Delta R&=R_{1}-R_{2},\\\Delta G&=G_{1}-G_{2},\\\Delta B&=B_{1}-B_{2},\\{\bar {R}}&={\frac {1}{2}}(R_{1}+R_{2}).\end{aligned}}}
7927:
in the automotive industry is rather stringent, often less than 0.5 under D65/10. In printing, the typical limit is 2.0 under D50, though some processes require up to 5.0.
5981:{\displaystyle h_{1}^{\prime }={\text{atan2}}(b_{1}^{*},a_{1}^{\prime })\mod 360^{\circ },\quad h_{2}^{\prime }={\text{atan2}}(b_{2}^{*},a_{2}^{\prime })\mod 360^{\circ }}
8010:
7840:
8042:
4438:
4402:
4366:
2164:
1117:
A uniform color space is supposed to make a simple measure of color difference, usually
Euclidean, "just work". Color spaces that improve on this issue include
7914:. Increasing the weighting factor in the aforementioned distance expressions has the effect of increasing the size of the ellipsoid along the respective axis.
8771:
Melgosa, M.; Quesada, J. J.; Hita, E. (December 1994). "Uniformity of some recent color metrics tested with an accurate color-difference tolerance dataset".
7126:(no divide by 2; essentially, if one angle is indeterminate, then use the other angle as the average; relies on indeterminate angle being set to zero). See
8685:
8137:
9510:
427:
than to the degree to which human vision has less tolerance for these colors. The closer approximations would be more properly (for non-linear
115:
When we wish to calculate distance from the first point to the third point (i.e. changing more than one of the color values), we can do this:
4877:
1649:. CIELAB metric is used to define color tolerance of CMYK solids. A good metric should take this into account in order for the notion of a "
1392:
The
Euclidean measure is known to work poorly on large color distances (i.e. more than 10 units in most systems). A hybrid approach where a
7874:
concerns the question "What is a set of colors that are imperceptibly/acceptably close to a given reference?" If the distance measure is
8103:
Li, Changjun; Li, Zhiqiang; Wang, Zhifeng; et al. (December 2017). "Comprehensive color solutions: CAM16, CAT16, and CAM16-UCS".
3158:(1994) is defined in the L*C*h* color space and likewise violates symmetry, therefore defining a quasimetric. Given a reference color
8298:
8160:. BT Series: Broadcasting service (television). International Telecommunication Union. January 2019. Recommendation ITU-R BT.2124-0.
9661:
1593:
7917:
The definition of "acceptably close" also depends on the industrial requirements and practicality. In the automotive industry the
9651:
9515:
8880:
8171:
Abasi, Saeedeh; Amani Tehran, Mohammad; Fairchild, Mark D. (April 2020). "Distance metrics for very large color differences".
7130:, eqn. 7 and p. 23 stating most implementations on the Internet at the time had "an error in the computation of average hue".
8510:
8407:
17:
2055:{\displaystyle \Delta E_{ab}^{*}={\sqrt {(L_{2}^{*}-L_{1}^{*})^{2}+(a_{2}^{*}-a_{1}^{*})^{2}+(b_{2}^{*}-b_{1}^{*})^{2}}}.}
265:
When the result should be computationally simple as well, it is often acceptable to remove the square root and simply use
9727:
7941:
7884:(range of colors). Otherwise, the threshold will be a function of the reference color—cumbersome as a practical guide.
1791:
1711:
8528:"The CIEDE2000 color-difference formula: Implementation notes, supplementary test data, and mathematical observations"
8823:
8352:
8338:
8283:
8250:
8217:
3235:
3161:
9672:
1660:
may be insignificant between two colors in one part of the color space while being significant in some other part.
8154:
9897:
9851:
8815:
3097:
2120:
9667:
9656:
7845:
Sharma, Wu, and Dalal has provided some additional notes on the mathematics and implementation of the formula.
4503:
issue, the CIE refined their definition with the CIEDE2000 formula published in 2001, adding five corrections:
8692:
8482:
Colorimetry - Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour Space (Report). Draft
Standard. CIE. 2007. CIE DS 014-4.3/E:2007.
8130:
2066:
9732:
7775:{\displaystyle R_{T}=-2{\sqrt {\frac {{\bar {C}}'^{7}}{{\bar {C}}'^{7}+25^{7}}}}\sin \left^{2}\right)\right]}
2242:
2173:
8085:
7899:
denoting the tolerance contours vary in size. It is partly this non-uniformity that led to the creation of
1701:
saturated regions. This means that this formula rates these colors too highly as opposed to other colors.
1646:
1537:{\textstyle \Delta E_{\text{HyAB}}={\sqrt {(a_{2}-a_{1})^{2}+(b_{2}-b_{1})^{2}}}+\left|L_{2}-L_{1}\right|}
9535:
9195:
8969:
8747:
3093:
2124:
1333:{\displaystyle \Delta E_{\text{ITP}}=720{\sqrt {(I_{1}-I_{2})^{2}+(T_{1}-T_{2})^{2}+(P_{1}-P_{2})^{2}}},}
8527:
838:
One of the better low-cost approximations, sometimes called "redmean", combines the two cases smoothly:
9923:
9737:
9324:
8873:
4491:
corresponds to the arithmetic mean of the chord lengths of the equal chroma circles of the two colors.
4456:
2108:
1650:
9502:
9395:
9053:
8155:"Objective metric for the assessment of the potential visibility of colour differences in television"
7787:
6610:
6055:
2911:
2586:
443:
9712:
9530:
9180:
8913:
8502:
7784:
CIEDE 2000 is not mathematically continuous. The discontinuity stems from calculating the mean hue
1163:
is scaled so that a value of 1 indicates the potential of a just noticeable color difference. The Δ
1152:
256:{\displaystyle {\text{distance}}={\sqrt {(R_{2}-R_{1})^{2}+(G_{2}-G_{1})^{2}+(B_{2}-B_{1})^{2}}}.}
9764:
9717:
9707:
9702:
9697:
7976:
56:
8585:
1680:. However, further experimentation may invalidate this design assumption, the revision of CIE76
1181:, but XYZ is also available in the standard. The formula is a simply scaled Euclidean distance:
9722:
8015:
8207:
9928:
9646:
9401:
8945:
8866:
4500:
1631:
1572:
9120:
8494:
8273:
409:{\displaystyle {\text{distance}}^{2}=(R_{2}-R_{1})^{2}+(G_{2}-G_{1})^{2}+(B_{2}-B_{1})^{2}.}
9918:
9619:
9302:
9290:
8782:
8600:
7888:
7864:
7817:
4416:
4380:
4344:
2142:
7910:
More generally, if the lightness is allowed to vary, then we find the tolerance set to be
8:
9434:
9334:
9266:
8840:
8495:
8313:
7854:
1104:
8786:
8565:
4841:
The formulae below should use degrees rather than radians; the issue is significant for
1571:
Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
9749:
9155:
9063:
8957:
8717:
8542:
8188:
7936:
2128:
1705:
52:
8440:
94:
A very simple example can be given between the two colors with RGB values (0, 64, 0) (
9933:
9859:
9812:
9409:
9224:
9163:
9115:
9048:
9043:
9021:
8950:
8819:
8798:
8506:
8348:
8279:
8246:
8213:
8192:
4511:), to deal with the problematic blue region (hue angles in the neighborhood of 275°):
8461:
8386:
7895:, which holds L* (lightness) fixed. As can be observed on the adjacent diagram, the
1076:
There are a number of color distance formulae that attempt to use color spaces like
9807:
9802:
9782:
9777:
9540:
9307:
9185:
9135:
9130:
9102:
9068:
9058:
8928:
8846:
8790:
8759:
8666:
8639:
8634:
8622:
8546:
8180:
8112:
1393:
1148:
8422:
9837:
9827:
9822:
9787:
9689:
9525:
9472:
9362:
9295:
9110:
9026:
9004:
8621:
Sharma, Gaurav; Wu, Wencheng; Dalal, Edul N.; Celik, Mehmet U. (1 January 2004).
8240:
7892:
1118:
9887:
9832:
9817:
9797:
9792:
9575:
9389:
9384:
9212:
9190:
9125:
8997:
8962:
8935:
8773:
1615:
9912:
9772:
9357:
9243:
9168:
9145:
9085:
9009:
8992:
8898:
2139:(i.e. it violates symmetry: parameter T is based on the hue of the reference
31:
4514:
Compensation for neutral colors (the primed values in the L*C*h differences)
9607:
9570:
9563:
9369:
9352:
9344:
9285:
9277:
9140:
8984:
8802:
8763:
1635:
1619:
47:
9744:
9602:
9379:
9374:
9238:
9207:
9173:
9078:
8974:
8940:
8794:
8623:"Mathematical Discontinuities in CIEDE2000 Color Difference Computations"
7970:
7966:
5990:
The inverse tangent (tan) can be computed using a common library routine
2136:
1081:
1077:
76:
59:
8067:
9754:
9597:
9425:
9329:
9317:
9073:
9036:
9031:
9014:
8748:"Historical development of CIE recommended color difference equations"
8670:
8550:
8184:
8116:
9614:
9587:
9582:
9091:
8852:
8344:
7911:
7859:
4303:
are usually both set to unity, and the parametric weighting factors
9869:
9592:
9200:
420:
9257:
9641:
8923:
7896:
1630:; German for "sensation". Use of this term can be traced back to
1557:
9864:
9467:
9457:
8858:
7904:
7900:
2131:. Named after the developing committee, their metric is called
1642:
75:
As most definitions of color difference are distances within a
106:): their distance is 255. Going from there to (255, 64, 128) (
9492:
9487:
9477:
9447:
8918:
8889:
7881:
6023:
The example above expects the parameter order of atan2 to be
1647:
the human eye is more sensitive to certain colors than others
1171:
43:
9482:
9462:
9442:
9312:
9229:
7063:
6440:
3076:
2695:
1170:
color difference metric is derived from display referenced
605:
428:
8170:
9558:
9452:
9217:
7891:, for example, the tolerance contours are defined by the
4499:
Since the 1994 definition did not adequately resolve the
8849:, by Gaurav Sharma. Implementations in MATLAB and Excel.
3151:
derived from an automotive paint test's tolerance data.
8371:
as much to the difference (or, identically, is allowed
6016:
is zero); in that case, set the hue angle to zero. See
7820:
7790:
5646:
5593:
5065:
4933:{\displaystyle \Delta L^{\prime }=L_{2}^{*}-L_{1}^{*}}
3067:
2245:
2176:
2069:
1794:
1714:
1402:
8526:
Sharma, Gaurav; Wu, Wencheng; Dalal, Edul N. (2005).
8209:
Color Vision: Perspectives from
Different Disciplines
8018:
7979:
7867:. The ellipses are shown ten times their actual size.
7574:
7361:
7138:
6492:
6035:
5817:
5527:
5242:
4947:
4880:
4544:
4459:
4419:
4383:
4347:
3537:
3314:
3238:
3164:
2834:
2567:
2316:
2145:
1876:
1189:
846:
627:
437:
273:
123:
8272:
Fraser, Bruce; Bunting, Fred; Murphy, Chris (2004).
8205:
1868:, the CIE76 color difference formula is defined as:
1396:
is used between the lightness and the chroma plane,
8718:"Tips for Defining a Realistic Pass/Fail Tolerance"
8271:
8770:
8620:
8036:
8004:
7834:
7806:
7774:
7559:
7346:
7069:
6446:
6009:are zero (which also means that the corresponding
5980:
5802:
5512:
5227:
4932:
4831:
4483:
4432:
4396:
4360:
4279:
3519:
3298:
3224:
3082:
2819:
2552:
2300:
2231:
2158:
2099:
2054:
1861:{\textstyle ({L_{2}^{*}},{a_{2}^{*}},{b_{2}^{*}})}
1860:
1781:{\textstyle ({L_{1}^{*}},{a_{1}^{*}},{b_{1}^{*}})}
1780:
1569:about acceptability difference values in industry.
1536:
1332:
1066:
828:
611:
408:
255:
9511:Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate
2119:In 1984, the Colour Measurement Committee of the
9910:
8206:Backhaus, W.; Kliegl, R.; Werner, J. S. (1998).
1387:
8299:Evaluation of the CIE Color Difference Formulas
3299:{\displaystyle (L_{2}^{*},a_{2}^{*},b_{2}^{*})}
3225:{\displaystyle (L_{1}^{*},a_{1}^{*},b_{1}^{*})}
1342:where the components of this "ITP" is given by
2127:color model, an alternative representation of
1653:" (JND) to have meaning. Otherwise, a certain
1641:Perceptual non-uniformities in the underlying
1136:
8874:
8841:Bruce Lindbloom's color difference calculator
8656:
8686:"A guide to Understanding Color Tolerancing"
8683:
8462:"Colour Difference Software by David Heggie"
8332:
8330:
8308:
8306:
7997:
7985:
91:linear dimensions defining the color space.
8853:Explore the Spectrum with Colors in Between
8652:
8650:
9893:
8881:
8867:
8102:
6480:is irrelevant and may be set to zero. See
2123:defined a difference measure based on the
8843:. Uses all CIELAB metrics defined herein.
8745:
8638:
8327:
8303:
5967:
5966:
5885:
5884:
2100:{\textstyle \Delta E_{ab}^{*}\approx 2.3}
9662:International Commission on Illumination
8809:
8647:
8601:"The CIEDE2000 Color-Difference Formula"
7965:Called such because the operator is not
7858:
2301:{\textstyle (L_{1}^{*},C_{1}^{*},h_{1})}
2232:{\textstyle (L_{2}^{*},C_{2}^{*},h_{2})}
1594:International Commission on Illumination
27:Metric for difference between two colors
8421:(13). 1–15 October 1996. Archived from
8367:Meaning that the lightness contributes
8238:
1088:
431:, using a color range of 0–255):
14:
9911:
9652:Color Association of the United States
8847:The CIEDE2000 Color-Difference Formula
8525:
8336:
8232:
7127:
6481:
6017:
8862:
8677:
8563:
8492:
8438:
8384:
8199:
8062:
8060:
1622:often used to denote difference, and
1544:, is shown to work better on CIELAB.
3092:CMC l:c is designed to be used with
1551:
8278:(2nd ed.). Pearson Education.
24:
9516:Blue–green distinction in language
8738:
8598:
8212:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 188.
8057:
7942:Color coding in data visualization
7821:
7799:
7791:
7549:
7507:
7323:
7270:
7230:
7177:
7042:
7024:
6988:
6970:
6924:
6906:
6871:
6853:
6817:
6799:
6753:
6735:
6695:
6677:
6644:
6626:
6597:
6563:
6555:
6539:
6524:
6501:
6493:
6432:
6414:
6378:
6360:
6325:
6307:
6288:
6270:
6234:
6216:
6181:
6163:
6126:
6108:
6086:
6068:
6036:
5954:
5910:
5872:
5828:
5736:
5662:
5599:
5581:
5563:
5542:
5387:
5253:
4889:
4881:
4791:
4752:
4690:
4633:
4576:
4545:
4460:
4080:
4020:
3991:
3966:
3941:
3912:
3887:
3854:
3830:
3770:
3542:
3464:
3405:
3346:
3315:
2504:
2317:
2070:
1877:
1596:(CIE) calls their distance metric
1403:
1190:
1042:
983:
964:
916:
718:
675:
632:
577:
558:
539:
489:
470:
451:
25:
9945:
8834:
8123:
4851:The parametric weighting factors
4484:{\displaystyle \Delta H_{ab}^{*}}
2114:
9892:
9883:
9882:
9673:International Colour Association
9256:
8888:
8810:McDonald, Roderick, ed. (1997).
8752:Color Research & Application
8715:
8684:Susan Hughes (14 January 1998).
8659:Color Research & Application
8535:Color Research & Application
8173:Color Research & Application
8143:from the original on 2016-05-08.
8105:Color Research & Application
1556:
8816:Society of Dyers and Colourists
8709:
8614:
8603:. "Excel spreadsheet" hyperlink
8591:
8586:The "Blue Turns Purple" Problem
8579:
8557:
8519:
8486:
8475:
8454:
8432:
8400:
8378:
8361:
8314:"Delta E: The Color Difference"
8292:
8131:"What Is ICtCp – Introduction?"
7959:
7807:{\textstyle \Delta H^{\prime }}
7512:
7470:
6582:
5962:
5899:
5880:
5799:
5725:
5644:
5376:
5224:
5147:
5063:
5005:
2899:
2769:
2699:
2121:Society of Dyers and Colourists
107:
101:
95:
9668:International Color Consortium
9657:International Colour Authority
8640:10.2352/CIC.2004.12.1.art00058
8493:Klein, Georg A. (2010-05-18).
8340:Digital Color Imaging Handbook
8265:
8164:
8147:
8096:
8078:
7716:
7629:
7604:
7542:
7500:
7443:
7399:
7341:
7316:
7303:
7288:
7263:
7250:
7235:
7223:
7210:
7195:
7170:
7160:
6942:
6893:
6771:
6722:
6649:
6613:
6590:
6576:
6552:
5959:
5923:
5877:
5841:
5535:
5476:
5456:
5342:
5322:
5012:
4954:
3293:
3239:
3219:
3165:
3060:
3056:
3030:
3017:
2964:
2960:
2934:
2921:
2814:
2793:
2295:
2246:
2226:
2177:
2111:(just noticeable difference).
2038:
2001:
1989:
1952:
1940:
1903:
1855:
1795:
1775:
1715:
1487:
1460:
1448:
1421:
1316:
1289:
1277:
1250:
1238:
1211:
1098:
1025:
949:
906:
880:
857:
816:
790:
767:
515:
394:
367:
355:
328:
316:
289:
239:
212:
200:
173:
161:
134:
42:is the separation between two
13:
1:
9733:List of Crayola crayon colors
8051:
4517:Compensation for lightness (S
1692:JND to 2.3 being an example.
1547:
1388:Other geometric constructions
8627:Color and Imaging Conference
8375:the tolerance) as the chroma
7947:
7848:
4494:
4453:Geometrically, the quantity
65:
7:
9536:Traditional colors of Japan
9313:Achromatic colors (Neutral)
9196:Multi-primary color display
8970:Spectral power distribution
8812:Colour Physics for Industry
8746:Robertson, Alan R. (1990).
8275:Real World Color Management
8005:{\displaystyle S_{\{C,H\}}}
7930:
4328:
4324:depend on the application:
1147:In 2019 a new standard for
10:
9950:
8464:. Colorpro.com. 1995-12-19
7852:
4872:are usually set to unity.
4524:Compensation for chroma (S
3098:CIE Supplementary Observer
1651:just noticeable difference
1603:(also inaccurately called
1096:
9878:
9850:
9763:
9688:
9681:
9632:
9551:
9501:
9433:
9424:
9396:Color realism (art style)
9343:
9276:
9265:
9254:
9154:
9101:
9054:Evolution of color vision
8983:
8906:
8897:
8564:Lindbloom, Bruce Justin.
8439:Lindbloom, Bruce Justin.
8385:Lindbloom, Bruce Justin.
8037:{\displaystyle C_{1}^{*}}
7863:A MacAdam diagram in the
9713:List of colors (compact)
9531:Color in Chinese culture
9181:Digital image processing
8914:Electromagnetic spectrum
8497:Industrial Color Physics
7952:
3103:
2170:The distance of a color
1695:
423:of the color distances.
112:) is a distance of 128.
9718:List of colors by shade
8337:Sharma, Gaurav (2003).
7814:and the hue difference
4531:Compensation for hue (S
1137:Rec. ITU-R BT.2124 or Δ
70:
9723:List of color palettes
8764:10.1002/col.5080150308
8597:See implementation in
8245:. Wiley. p. 278.
8136:. Dolby. Version 7.1.
8038:
8006:
7868:
7836:
7835:{\textstyle \Delta h'}
7808:
7776:
7561:
7348:
7071:
6448:
5982:
5804:
5514:
5229:
4934:
4833:
4507:A hue rotation term (R
4485:
4434:
4398:
4362:
4281:
3521:
3300:
3226:
3154:As with the CMC I:c, Δ
3084:
2821:
2554:
2302:
2233:
2160:
2101:
2056:
1862:
1782:
1614:, or "Delta E") where
1567:is missing information
1538:
1334:
1115:
1068:
830:
613:
410:
257:
9647:Color Marketing Group
9402:On Vision and Colours
9335:Tinctures in heraldry
8946:Structural coloration
8039:
8007:
7862:
7837:
7809:
7777:
7562:
7349:
7072:
6476:is zero, then Δh
6449:
5983:
5805:
5515:
5230:
4935:
4834:
4501:perceptual uniformity
4486:
4435:
4433:{\displaystyle K_{2}}
4399:
4397:{\displaystyle K_{1}}
4363:
4361:{\displaystyle k_{L}}
4282:
3522:
3301:
3227:
3085:
2822:
2555:
2303:
2234:
2161:
2159:{\displaystyle h_{1}}
2102:
2057:
1863:
1783:
1632:Hermann von Helmholtz
1539:
1335:
1102:
1069:
831:
614:
411:
258:
18:Perceptual uniformity
9728:List of color spaces
9620:Tint, shade and tone
9503:Cultural differences
9318:Polychromatic colors
9303:Complementary colors
9291:Monochromatic colors
8855:, by Bettie M. Cobb.
8795:10.1364/AO.33.008069
8568:. Brucelindbloom.com
8566:"Delta E (CIE 2000)"
8501:. Springer. p.
8443:. Brucelindbloom.com
8441:"Delta E (CIE 1994)"
8389:. Brucelindbloom.com
8239:Valberg, A. (2005).
8016:
7977:
7889:CIE 1931 color space
7877:perceptually uniform
7865:CIE 1931 color space
7818:
7788:
7572:
7359:
7136:
6490:
6033:
5815:
5525:
5240:
4945:
4878:
4542:
4457:
4417:
4381:
4345:
3535:
3312:
3306:, the difference is
3236:
3162:
2832:
2565:
2314:
2243:
2174:
2143:
2067:
1874:
1792:
1712:
1704:Given two colors in
1400:
1187:
1089:Uniform color spaces
844:
625:
435:
271:
121:
100:) and (255, 64, 0) (
9708:List of colors: N–Z
9703:List of colors: G–M
9698:List of colors: A–F
8787:1994ApOpt..33.8069M
8033:
7855:Uniform color space
7046:
7028:
6992:
6974:
6928:
6910:
6875:
6857:
6821:
6803:
6757:
6739:
6699:
6681:
6648:
6630:
6543:
6528:
6436:
6418:
6382:
6364:
6329:
6311:
6292:
6274:
6238:
6220:
6185:
6167:
6130:
6112:
6090:
6072:
5958:
5940:
5914:
5876:
5858:
5832:
5796:
5771:
5740:
5722:
5697:
5666:
5643:
5627:
5585:
5567:
5429:
5409:
5391:
5295:
5275:
5257:
5211:
5184:
5162:
5134:
5107:
5085:
5056:
5038:
4998:
4980:
4929:
4911:
4562:
4480:
4269:
4214:
4132:
4114:
4072:
4054:
3874:
3822:
3804:
3753:
3726:
3700:
3669:
3642:
3616:
3594:
3576:
3332:
3292:
3274:
3256:
3218:
3200:
3182:
2888:
2865:
2759:
2733:
2685:
2665:
2639:
2608:
2524:
2461:
2443:
2386:
2368:
2340:
2281:
2263:
2212:
2194:
2090:
2036:
2018:
1987:
1969:
1938:
1920:
1897:
1853:
1833:
1813:
1773:
1753:
1733:
1105:Uniform color space
9755:List of web colors
9750:List of RAL colors
9156:Color reproduction
9121:Lüscher color test
8958:Color of chemicals
8698:on 10 October 2015
8543:Wiley Interscience
8343:(1.7.2 ed.).
8242:Light Vision Color
8034:
8019:
8002:
7969:. This makes it a
7869:
7832:
7804:
7772:
7557:
7344:
7067:
7062:
7032:
7014:
6978:
6960:
6914:
6896:
6861:
6843:
6807:
6789:
6743:
6725:
6685:
6667:
6634:
6616:
6529:
6514:
6444:
6439:
6422:
6404:
6368:
6350:
6315:
6297:
6278:
6260:
6224:
6206:
6171:
6153:
6116:
6098:
6076:
6058:
5978:
5944:
5926:
5900:
5862:
5844:
5818:
5800:
5775:
5746:
5726:
5701:
5672:
5652:
5650:
5631:
5615:
5597:
5571:
5553:
5510:
5415:
5395:
5377:
5281:
5261:
5243:
5225:
5197:
5170:
5148:
5120:
5093:
5071:
5069:
5042:
5024:
4984:
4966:
4930:
4915:
4897:
4829:
4548:
4481:
4463:
4430:
4394:
4358:
4277:
4275:
4255:
4200:
4118:
4100:
4058:
4040:
3857:
3808:
3790:
3739:
3712:
3686:
3655:
3628:
3602:
3580:
3562:
3517:
3318:
3296:
3278:
3260:
3242:
3232:and another color
3222:
3204:
3186:
3168:
3080:
3075:
3071:
2867:
2844:
2817:
2745:
2719:
2694:
2671:
2651:
2625:
2594:
2550:
2507:
2447:
2429:
2372:
2354:
2320:
2298:
2267:
2249:
2229:
2198:
2180:
2156:
2129:L*a*b* coordinates
2097:
2073:
2052:
2022:
2004:
1973:
1955:
1924:
1906:
1880:
1858:
1839:
1819:
1799:
1778:
1759:
1739:
1719:
1706:CIELAB color space
1534:
1330:
1121:, CAM16-UCS, and J
1064:
1062:
826:
824:
609:
604:
406:
253:
57:device-independent
53:Euclidean distance
9924:Visual perception
9906:
9905:
9846:
9845:
9628:
9627:
9420:
9419:
9410:Theory of Colours
9252:
9251:
9164:Color photography
9116:Color preferences
9059:Impossible colors
9049:Color vision test
9044:Color temperature
9022:Color calibration
8951:Animal coloration
8671:10.1002/col.20070
8588:, Bruce Lindbloom
8551:10.1002/col.20070
8512:978-1-4419-1196-4
8185:10.1002/col.22451
8117:10.1002/col.22131
7750:
7719:
7661:
7660:
7632:
7607:
7545:
7503:
7468:
7467:
7446:
7402:
7319:
7266:
7226:
7173:
6593:
6544:
5921:
5839:
5797:
5723:
5649:
5596:
5590:
5538:
5503:
5502:
5479:
5459:
5433:
5369:
5368:
5345:
5325:
5299:
5219:
5142:
5068:
5061:
5015:
5003:
4957:
4827:
4825:
4786:
4724:
4667:
4610:
4449:
4448:
4011:
3932:
3761:
3677:
3512:
3500:
3441:
3382:
3070:
2897:
2896:
2761:
2667:
2548:
2536:
2481:
2406:
2107:corresponds to a
2047:
1590:
1589:
1496:
1413:
1325:
1200:
1055:
1035:
1028:
957:
952:
878:
860:
788:
770:
597:
590:
518:
502:
278:
248:
127:
16:(Redirected from
9941:
9896:
9895:
9886:
9885:
9686:
9685:
9552:Color dimensions
9541:Human skin color
9431:
9430:
9308:Analogous colors
9274:
9273:
9260:
9186:Color management
9103:Color psychology
9069:Opponent process
8985:Color perception
8904:
8903:
8883:
8876:
8869:
8860:
8859:
8829:
8814:(2nd ed.).
8806:
8767:
8733:
8732:
8730:
8728:
8713:
8707:
8706:
8704:
8703:
8697:
8691:. Archived from
8690:
8681:
8675:
8674:
8654:
8645:
8644:
8642:
8618:
8612:
8611:
8609:
8608:
8599:Sharma, Gaurav.
8595:
8589:
8583:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8573:
8561:
8555:
8554:
8532:
8523:
8517:
8516:
8500:
8490:
8484:
8483:
8479:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8458:
8452:
8451:
8449:
8448:
8436:
8430:
8429:
8427:
8415:Insight on Color
8412:
8404:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8382:
8376:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8334:
8325:
8324:
8322:
8321:
8310:
8301:
8296:
8290:
8289:
8269:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8259:
8236:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8226:
8203:
8197:
8196:
8168:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8151:
8145:
8144:
8142:
8135:
8127:
8121:
8120:
8100:
8094:
8093:
8086:"Color Glossary"
8082:
8076:
8075:
8064:
8045:
8043:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8032:
8027:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8003:
8001:
8000:
7973:. Specifically,
7963:
7926:
7841:
7839:
7838:
7833:
7831:
7813:
7811:
7810:
7805:
7803:
7802:
7781:
7779:
7778:
7773:
7771:
7767:
7766:
7762:
7761:
7760:
7755:
7751:
7749:
7748:
7739:
7738:
7737:
7725:
7721:
7720:
7712:
7707:
7683:
7682:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7657:
7645:
7644:
7643:
7634:
7633:
7625:
7620:
7619:
7618:
7609:
7608:
7600:
7596:
7595:
7584:
7583:
7566:
7564:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7552:
7547:
7546:
7538:
7522:
7521:
7511:
7510:
7505:
7504:
7496:
7480:
7479:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7460:
7459:
7455:
7448:
7447:
7439:
7423:
7422:
7421:
7420:
7415:
7411:
7404:
7403:
7395:
7382:
7371:
7370:
7353:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7339:
7327:
7326:
7321:
7320:
7312:
7287:
7286:
7274:
7273:
7268:
7267:
7259:
7234:
7233:
7228:
7227:
7219:
7194:
7193:
7181:
7180:
7175:
7174:
7166:
7121:
7111:
7105:
7102:
7094:
7084:
7076:
7074:
7073:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7059:
7058:
7045:
7040:
7027:
7022:
7010:
7009:
6997:
6993:
6991:
6986:
6973:
6968:
6949:
6941:
6940:
6927:
6922:
6909:
6904:
6888:
6887:
6874:
6869:
6856:
6851:
6839:
6838:
6826:
6822:
6820:
6815:
6802:
6797:
6778:
6770:
6769:
6756:
6751:
6738:
6733:
6717:
6716:
6704:
6700:
6698:
6693:
6680:
6675:
6656:
6647:
6642:
6629:
6624:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6594:
6586:
6572:
6567:
6566:
6545:
6542:
6537:
6527:
6522:
6513:
6505:
6504:
6479:
6471:
6461:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6435:
6430:
6417:
6412:
6400:
6399:
6387:
6383:
6381:
6376:
6363:
6358:
6342:
6341:
6328:
6323:
6310:
6305:
6291:
6286:
6273:
6268:
6256:
6255:
6243:
6239:
6237:
6232:
6219:
6214:
6198:
6197:
6184:
6179:
6166:
6161:
6148:
6147:
6135:
6131:
6129:
6124:
6111:
6106:
6089:
6084:
6071:
6066:
6046:
6026:
6014:
6003:
5997:
5995:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5957:
5952:
5939:
5934:
5922:
5919:
5913:
5908:
5895:
5894:
5875:
5870:
5857:
5852:
5840:
5837:
5831:
5826:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5783:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5754:
5745:
5739:
5734:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5709:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5680:
5671:
5665:
5660:
5651:
5647:
5639:
5623:
5611:
5610:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5586:
5584:
5579:
5566:
5561:
5551:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5539:
5531:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5472:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5460:
5452:
5448:
5447:
5434:
5428:
5423:
5414:
5408:
5403:
5390:
5385:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5346:
5338:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5300:
5294:
5289:
5280:
5274:
5269:
5256:
5251:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5183:
5178:
5167:
5161:
5156:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5133:
5128:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5106:
5101:
5090:
5084:
5079:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5057:
5055:
5050:
5037:
5032:
5022:
5017:
5016:
5008:
5004:
4999:
4997:
4992:
4979:
4974:
4964:
4959:
4958:
4950:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4928:
4923:
4910:
4905:
4893:
4892:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4813:
4812:
4802:
4801:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4774:
4773:
4763:
4762:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4712:
4711:
4701:
4700:
4688:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4655:
4654:
4644:
4643:
4631:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4598:
4597:
4587:
4586:
4574:
4567:
4561:
4556:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4479:
4474:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4329:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4268:
4263:
4254:
4253:
4231:
4230:
4213:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4176:
4175:
4149:
4148:
4131:
4126:
4113:
4108:
4092:
4091:
4071:
4066:
4053:
4048:
4032:
4031:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3873:
3868:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3821:
3816:
3803:
3798:
3782:
3781:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3752:
3747:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3709:
3699:
3694:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3668:
3663:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3641:
3636:
3625:
3615:
3610:
3593:
3588:
3575:
3570:
3554:
3553:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3462:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3403:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3344:
3337:
3331:
3326:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3286:
3273:
3268:
3255:
3250:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3212:
3199:
3194:
3181:
3176:
3130:, and functions
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3042:
3041:
3020:
3005:
3004:
2992:
2991:
2979:
2978:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2946:
2945:
2924:
2898:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2778:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2734:
2732:
2727:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2698:
2697:
2684:
2679:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2620:
2607:
2602:
2577:
2576:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2525:
2523:
2518:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2334:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2280:
2275:
2262:
2257:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2211:
2206:
2193:
2188:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2089:
2084:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2017:
2012:
1997:
1996:
1986:
1981:
1968:
1963:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1932:
1919:
1914:
1902:
1896:
1891:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1767:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1691:
1679:
1669:
1659:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1560:
1552:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1515:
1514:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1472:
1471:
1456:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1433:
1432:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1394:taxicab distance
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1301:
1300:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1262:
1261:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1223:
1222:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1113:
1099:§ Tolerance
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1011:
995:
994:
976:
975:
963:
959:
958:
953:
945:
943:
930:
905:
904:
892:
891:
879:
871:
862:
861:
853:
835:
833:
832:
827:
825:
815:
814:
802:
801:
789:
781:
772:
771:
763:
753:
752:
740:
739:
710:
709:
697:
696:
667:
666:
654:
653:
618:
616:
615:
610:
608:
607:
598:
595:
591:
589:
588:
570:
569:
551:
550:
535:
520:
519:
511:
503:
501:
500:
482:
481:
463:
462:
447:
415:
413:
412:
407:
402:
401:
392:
391:
379:
378:
363:
362:
353:
352:
340:
339:
324:
323:
314:
313:
301:
300:
285:
284:
279:
276:
262:
260:
259:
254:
249:
247:
246:
237:
236:
224:
223:
208:
207:
198:
197:
185:
184:
169:
168:
159:
158:
146:
145:
133:
128:
125:
111:
110:
105:
104:
99:
98:
36:color difference
21:
9949:
9948:
9944:
9943:
9942:
9940:
9939:
9938:
9909:
9908:
9907:
9902:
9874:
9842:
9759:
9677:
9634:
9624:
9547:
9526:Blue in culture
9497:
9416:
9363:Secondary color
9339:
9296:black-and-white
9268:
9261:
9248:
9150:
9136:National colors
9131:Political color
9111:Color symbolism
9097:
9027:Color constancy
9005:Color blindness
8979:
8936:Spectral colors
8893:
8887:
8837:
8832:
8826:
8781:(34): 8069–77.
8741:
8739:Further reading
8736:
8726:
8724:
8714:
8710:
8701:
8699:
8695:
8688:
8682:
8678:
8655:
8648:
8619:
8615:
8606:
8604:
8596:
8592:
8584:
8580:
8571:
8569:
8562:
8558:
8530:
8524:
8520:
8513:
8491:
8487:
8481:
8480:
8476:
8467:
8465:
8460:
8459:
8455:
8446:
8444:
8437:
8433:
8425:
8410:
8406:
8405:
8401:
8392:
8390:
8387:"Delta E (CMC)"
8383:
8379:
8366:
8362:
8355:
8335:
8328:
8319:
8317:
8316:. Colorwiki.com
8312:
8311:
8304:
8297:
8293:
8286:
8270:
8266:
8257:
8255:
8253:
8237:
8233:
8224:
8222:
8220:
8204:
8200:
8169:
8165:
8157:
8153:
8152:
8148:
8140:
8133:
8129:
8128:
8124:
8101:
8097:
8084:
8083:
8079:
8068:"Colour metric"
8066:
8065:
8058:
8054:
8049:
8048:
8028:
8023:
8017:
8014:
8013:
8012:both depend on
7984:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7974:
7964:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7933:
7925:
7918:
7893:MacAdam ellipse
7857:
7851:
7824:
7819:
7816:
7815:
7798:
7794:
7789:
7786:
7785:
7756:
7744:
7740:
7733:
7729:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7708:
7706:
7702:
7701:
7697:
7693:
7678:
7674:
7673:
7669:
7653:
7649:
7639:
7635:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7614:
7610:
7599:
7598:
7597:
7594:
7579:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7569:
7548:
7537:
7536:
7535:
7517:
7513:
7506:
7495:
7494:
7493:
7475:
7471:
7461:
7438:
7437:
7436:
7432:
7431:
7430:
7416:
7394:
7393:
7392:
7388:
7387:
7383:
7381:
7366:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7356:
7335:
7331:
7322:
7311:
7310:
7309:
7282:
7278:
7269:
7258:
7257:
7256:
7229:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7189:
7185:
7176:
7165:
7164:
7163:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7125:
7119:
7115:
7109:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7092:
7088:
7082:
7061:
7060:
7054:
7050:
7041:
7036:
7023:
7018:
7005:
7001:
6987:
6982:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6955:
6953:
6945:
6936:
6932:
6923:
6918:
6905:
6900:
6890:
6889:
6883:
6879:
6870:
6865:
6852:
6847:
6834:
6830:
6816:
6811:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6784:
6782:
6774:
6765:
6761:
6752:
6747:
6734:
6729:
6719:
6718:
6712:
6708:
6694:
6689:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6662:
6660:
6652:
6643:
6638:
6625:
6620:
6606:
6605:
6596:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6568:
6562:
6558:
6538:
6533:
6523:
6518:
6512:
6500:
6496:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6477:
6475:
6469:
6465:
6459:
6438:
6437:
6431:
6426:
6413:
6408:
6395:
6391:
6377:
6372:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6345:
6343:
6337:
6333:
6324:
6319:
6306:
6301:
6294:
6293:
6287:
6282:
6269:
6264:
6251:
6247:
6233:
6228:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6201:
6199:
6193:
6189:
6180:
6175:
6162:
6157:
6150:
6149:
6143:
6139:
6125:
6120:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6093:
6091:
6085:
6080:
6067:
6062:
6051:
6050:
6039:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6024:
6012:
6001:
5993:
5991:
5972:
5968:
5953:
5948:
5935:
5930:
5918:
5909:
5904:
5890:
5886:
5871:
5866:
5853:
5848:
5836:
5827:
5822:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5744:
5735:
5730:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5661:
5656:
5645:
5635:
5619:
5603:
5602:
5595: and
5592:
5580:
5575:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5550:
5541:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5495:
5491:
5482:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5462:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5439:
5435:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5404:
5399:
5386:
5381:
5361:
5357:
5348:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5328:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5305:
5301:
5290:
5285:
5279:
5270:
5265:
5252:
5247:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5213:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5195:
5186:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5157:
5152:
5136:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5118:
5109:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5080:
5075:
5064:
5051:
5046:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5021:
5007:
5006:
4993:
4988:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4963:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4924:
4919:
4906:
4901:
4888:
4884:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4846:
4818:
4814:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4794:
4790:
4788:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4755:
4751:
4749:
4743:
4739:
4730:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4693:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4673:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4636:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4616:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4579:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4557:
4552:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4510:
4497:
4475:
4467:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4424:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4388:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4323:
4316:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4274:
4273:
4264:
4259:
4249:
4245:
4232:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4209:
4204:
4194:
4190:
4177:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4150:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4127:
4122:
4109:
4104:
4093:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4067:
4062:
4049:
4044:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4005:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3980:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3955:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3926:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3901:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3876:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3843:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3817:
3812:
3799:
3794:
3783:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3755:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3728:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3701:
3695:
3690:
3683:
3682:
3671:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3644:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3617:
3611:
3606:
3599:
3598:
3589:
3584:
3571:
3566:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3506:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3447:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3388:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3327:
3322:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3287:
3282:
3269:
3264:
3251:
3246:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3213:
3208:
3195:
3190:
3177:
3172:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3106:
3074:
3073:
3066:
3064:
3059:
3050:
3046:
3037:
3033:
3016:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2987:
2983:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2954:
2950:
2941:
2937:
2920:
2907:
2906:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2787:
2783:
2774:
2770:
2754:
2749:
2735:
2728:
2723:
2715:
2713:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2692:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2660:
2655:
2641:
2634:
2629:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2542:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2487:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2412:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2335:
2324:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2271:
2258:
2253:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:to a reference
2220:
2216:
2207:
2202:
2189:
2184:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2117:
2085:
2077:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2026:
2013:
2008:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1977:
1964:
1959:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1915:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1884:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1698:
1690:
1681:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1654:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1570:
1561:
1550:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1463:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1382:
1367:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1296:
1292:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1257:
1253:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1145:
1143:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1112:X-rite glossary
1111:
1101:
1091:
1061:
1060:
1049:
1045:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1003:
999:
990:
986:
971:
967:
944:
942:
935:
931:
929:
922:
913:
912:
900:
896:
887:
883:
870:
863:
852:
851:
847:
845:
842:
841:
823:
822:
810:
806:
797:
793:
780:
773:
762:
761:
758:
757:
748:
744:
735:
731:
724:
715:
714:
705:
701:
692:
688:
681:
672:
671:
662:
658:
649:
645:
638:
628:
626:
623:
622:
603:
602:
594:
592:
584:
580:
565:
561:
546:
542:
534:
531:
530:
510:
509:
507:
496:
492:
477:
473:
458:
454:
446:
439:
438:
436:
433:
432:
397:
393:
387:
383:
374:
370:
358:
354:
348:
344:
335:
331:
319:
315:
309:
305:
296:
292:
280:
275:
274:
272:
269:
268:
242:
238:
232:
228:
219:
215:
203:
199:
193:
189:
180:
176:
164:
160:
154:
150:
141:
137:
132:
124:
122:
119:
118:
108:
102:
96:
73:
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9947:
9937:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9904:
9903:
9901:
9900:
9890:
9879:
9876:
9875:
9873:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9856:
9854:
9848:
9847:
9844:
9843:
9841:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9769:
9767:
9761:
9760:
9758:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9741:
9740:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9694:
9692:
9683:
9679:
9678:
9676:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9638:
9636:
9630:
9629:
9626:
9625:
9623:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9611:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9580:
9579:
9578:
9568:
9567:
9566:
9555:
9553:
9549:
9548:
9546:
9545:
9544:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9522:Color history
9520:
9519:
9518:
9507:
9505:
9499:
9498:
9496:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9439:
9437:
9428:
9422:
9421:
9418:
9417:
9415:
9414:
9406:
9405:(Schopenhauer)
9398:
9393:
9390:Color analysis
9387:
9385:Color triangle
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9366:
9365:
9360:
9349:
9347:
9341:
9340:
9338:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9321:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9299:
9298:
9282:
9280:
9271:
9263:
9262:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9249:
9247:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9235:
9234:
9233:
9232:
9222:
9221:
9220:
9205:
9204:
9203:
9198:
9191:Color printing
9188:
9183:
9178:
9177:
9176:
9171:
9160:
9158:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9126:Kruithof curve
9123:
9118:
9113:
9107:
9105:
9099:
9098:
9096:
9095:
9088:
9083:
9082:
9081:
9076:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9040:
9039:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9018:
9017:
9012:
9002:
9001:
9000:
8998:Sonochromatism
8989:
8987:
8981:
8980:
8978:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8966:
8965:
8955:
8954:
8953:
8948:
8938:
8933:
8932:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8910:
8908:
8901:
8895:
8894:
8886:
8885:
8878:
8871:
8863:
8857:
8856:
8850:
8844:
8836:
8835:External links
8833:
8831:
8830:
8824:
8807:
8774:Applied Optics
8768:
8758:(3): 167–170.
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8734:
8708:
8676:
8646:
8633:(1): 334–339.
8613:
8590:
8578:
8556:
8518:
8511:
8485:
8474:
8453:
8431:
8428:on 2006-03-12.
8399:
8377:
8360:
8353:
8326:
8302:
8291:
8284:
8264:
8251:
8231:
8218:
8198:
8179:(2): 208–223.
8163:
8146:
8122:
8111:(6): 703–718.
8095:
8077:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8047:
8046:
8031:
8026:
8022:
7999:
7996:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7983:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7944:
7939:
7932:
7929:
7923:
7850:
7847:
7830:
7827:
7823:
7801:
7797:
7793:
7770:
7765:
7759:
7754:
7747:
7743:
7736:
7732:
7728:
7724:
7718:
7715:
7705:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7689:
7686:
7681:
7677:
7672:
7668:
7665:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7642:
7638:
7631:
7628:
7617:
7613:
7606:
7603:
7593:
7590:
7587:
7582:
7578:
7556:
7551:
7544:
7541:
7534:
7531:
7528:
7525:
7520:
7516:
7509:
7502:
7499:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7483:
7478:
7474:
7464:
7458:
7454:
7451:
7445:
7442:
7435:
7429:
7426:
7419:
7414:
7410:
7407:
7401:
7398:
7391:
7386:
7380:
7377:
7374:
7369:
7365:
7343:
7338:
7334:
7330:
7325:
7318:
7315:
7308:
7305:
7302:
7299:
7296:
7293:
7290:
7285:
7281:
7277:
7272:
7265:
7262:
7255:
7252:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7232:
7225:
7222:
7215:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7200:
7197:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7179:
7172:
7169:
7162:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7147:
7144:
7141:
7123:
7113:
7099:is zero, then
7096:
7086:
7064:
7057:
7053:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7008:
7004:
7000:
6996:
6990:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6963:
6958:
6954:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6939:
6935:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6819:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6792:
6787:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6768:
6764:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6715:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6697:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6670:
6665:
6661:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6592:
6589:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6554:
6551:
6548:
6541:
6536:
6532:
6526:
6521:
6517:
6511:
6508:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6473:
6463:
6441:
6434:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6380:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6353:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6236:
6231:
6227:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6209:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6128:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6101:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6049:
6045:
6042:
6038:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5889:
5883:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5821:
5792:
5788:
5782:
5778:
5774:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5753:
5749:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5729:
5718:
5714:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5679:
5675:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5609:
5606:
5601:
5589:
5583:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5549:
5544:
5537:
5534:
5508:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5485:
5478:
5475:
5465:
5458:
5455:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5351:
5344:
5341:
5331:
5324:
5321:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5246:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5189:
5182:
5177:
5173:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5151:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5112:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5074:
5060:
5054:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5002:
4996:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4969:
4962:
4956:
4953:
4927:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4868:
4861:
4854:
4844:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4706:
4699:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4649:
4642:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4496:
4493:
4478:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4427:
4423:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4391:
4387:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4355:
4351:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4321:
4314:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3872:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3731:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3647:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3482:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3102:
3077:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2902:
2894:
2891:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2870:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2837:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2765:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2545:
2540:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2153:
2149:
2116:
2115:CMC l:c (1984)
2113:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1857:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1777:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1697:
1694:
1686:
1676:
1588:
1587:
1564:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1532:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1409:
1405:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1369:
1363:
1354:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1196:
1192:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1160:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1109:
1090:
1087:
1059:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
989:
985:
982:
979:
974:
970:
966:
962:
956:
951:
948:
941:
938:
934:
928:
925:
923:
921:
918:
915:
914:
911:
908:
903:
899:
895:
890:
886:
882:
877:
874:
869:
866:
864:
859:
856:
850:
849:
821:
818:
813:
809:
805:
800:
796:
792:
787:
784:
779:
776:
774:
769:
766:
760:
759:
756:
751:
747:
743:
738:
734:
730:
727:
725:
723:
720:
717:
716:
713:
708:
704:
700:
695:
691:
687:
684:
682:
680:
677:
674:
673:
670:
665:
661:
657:
652:
648:
644:
641:
639:
637:
634:
631:
630:
606:
601:
593:
587:
583:
579:
576:
573:
568:
564:
560:
557:
554:
549:
545:
541:
538:
533:
532:
529:
526:
523:
517:
514:
508:
506:
499:
495:
491:
488:
485:
480:
476:
472:
469:
466:
461:
457:
453:
450:
445:
444:
442:
405:
400:
396:
390:
386:
382:
377:
373:
369:
366:
361:
357:
351:
347:
343:
338:
334:
330:
327:
322:
318:
312:
308:
304:
299:
295:
291:
288:
283:
252:
245:
241:
235:
231:
227:
222:
218:
214:
211:
206:
202:
196:
192:
188:
183:
179:
175:
172:
167:
163:
157:
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
131:
72:
69:
67:
64:
40:color distance
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9946:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9916:
9914:
9899:
9891:
9889:
9881:
9880:
9877:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9857:
9855:
9853:
9849:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9770:
9768:
9766:
9762:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9739:
9736:
9735:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9695:
9693:
9691:
9687:
9684:
9680:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9635:organizations
9631:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9585:
9584:
9581:
9577:
9576:Pastel colors
9574:
9573:
9572:
9569:
9565:
9562:
9561:
9560:
9557:
9556:
9554:
9550:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9523:
9521:
9517:
9514:
9513:
9512:
9509:
9508:
9506:
9504:
9500:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9440:
9438:
9436:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9423:
9412:
9411:
9407:
9404:
9403:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9358:Primary color
9356:
9355:
9354:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9346:
9342:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9325:Light-on-dark
9323:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9297:
9294:
9293:
9292:
9289:
9288:
9287:
9284:
9283:
9281:
9279:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9264:
9259:
9245:
9244:Color mapping
9242:
9240:
9237:
9231:
9228:
9227:
9226:
9223:
9219:
9216:
9215:
9214:
9211:
9210:
9209:
9206:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9169:Color balance
9167:
9166:
9165:
9162:
9161:
9159:
9157:
9153:
9147:
9146:Chromotherapy
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9108:
9106:
9104:
9100:
9094:
9093:
9089:
9087:
9086:Tetrachromacy
9084:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9038:
9035:
9034:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9010:Achromatopsia
9008:
9007:
9006:
9003:
8999:
8996:
8995:
8994:
8993:Chromesthesia
8991:
8990:
8988:
8986:
8982:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8964:
8961:
8960:
8959:
8956:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8943:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8916:
8915:
8912:
8911:
8909:
8907:Color physics
8905:
8902:
8900:
8899:Color science
8896:
8891:
8884:
8879:
8877:
8872:
8870:
8865:
8864:
8861:
8854:
8851:
8848:
8845:
8842:
8839:
8838:
8827:
8825:0-901956-70-8
8821:
8817:
8813:
8808:
8804:
8800:
8796:
8792:
8788:
8784:
8780:
8776:
8775:
8769:
8765:
8761:
8757:
8753:
8749:
8744:
8743:
8723:
8719:
8712:
8694:
8687:
8680:
8672:
8668:
8664:
8660:
8653:
8651:
8641:
8636:
8632:
8628:
8624:
8617:
8602:
8594:
8587:
8582:
8567:
8560:
8552:
8548:
8544:
8540:
8536:
8529:
8522:
8514:
8508:
8504:
8499:
8498:
8489:
8478:
8463:
8457:
8442:
8435:
8424:
8420:
8416:
8409:
8403:
8388:
8381:
8374:
8370:
8364:
8356:
8354:0-8493-0900-X
8350:
8346:
8342:
8341:
8333:
8331:
8315:
8309:
8307:
8300:
8295:
8287:
8285:9780132777957
8281:
8277:
8276:
8268:
8254:
8252:9780470849026
8248:
8244:
8243:
8235:
8221:
8219:9783110154313
8215:
8211:
8210:
8202:
8194:
8190:
8186:
8182:
8178:
8174:
8167:
8156:
8150:
8139:
8132:
8126:
8118:
8114:
8110:
8106:
8099:
8091:
8087:
8081:
8073:
8069:
8063:
8061:
8056:
8029:
8024:
8020:
7994:
7991:
7988:
7981:
7972:
7968:
7962:
7958:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7934:
7928:
7922:
7915:
7913:
7908:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7885:
7883:
7879:
7878:
7873:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7846:
7843:
7828:
7825:
7795:
7782:
7768:
7763:
7757:
7752:
7745:
7741:
7734:
7730:
7726:
7722:
7713:
7703:
7698:
7694:
7690:
7687:
7684:
7679:
7675:
7670:
7666:
7663:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7640:
7636:
7626:
7615:
7611:
7601:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7580:
7576:
7567:
7554:
7539:
7532:
7529:
7526:
7523:
7518:
7514:
7497:
7490:
7487:
7484:
7481:
7476:
7472:
7462:
7456:
7452:
7449:
7440:
7433:
7427:
7424:
7417:
7412:
7408:
7405:
7396:
7389:
7384:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7367:
7363:
7354:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7313:
7306:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7283:
7279:
7275:
7260:
7253:
7247:
7244:
7241:
7238:
7220:
7213:
7207:
7204:
7201:
7198:
7190:
7186:
7182:
7167:
7157:
7154:
7151:
7148:
7145:
7142:
7139:
7131:
7129:
7122:
7112:
7095:
7085:
7077:
7055:
7051:
7047:
7037:
7033:
7029:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6965:
6961:
6956:
6950:
6946:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6901:
6897:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6866:
6862:
6858:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6835:
6831:
6827:
6823:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6794:
6790:
6785:
6779:
6775:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6730:
6726:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6672:
6668:
6663:
6657:
6653:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6621:
6617:
6607:
6602:
6587:
6579:
6573:
6569:
6559:
6549:
6546:
6534:
6530:
6519:
6515:
6509:
6506:
6497:
6485:
6483:
6472:
6462:
6454:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6355:
6351:
6346:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6302:
6298:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6211:
6207:
6202:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6158:
6154:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6103:
6099:
6094:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6063:
6059:
6052:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6028:
6021:
6019:
6015:
6008:
6004:
5988:
5973:
5969:
5963:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5927:
5915:
5905:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5887:
5881:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5845:
5833:
5823:
5819:
5810:
5790:
5786:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5764:
5760:
5757:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5731:
5727:
5716:
5712:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5657:
5653:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5607:
5604:
5587:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5558:
5554:
5547:
5532:
5520:
5506:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5473:
5463:
5453:
5443:
5440:
5436:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5349:
5339:
5329:
5319:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5248:
5244:
5235:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5202:
5198:
5192:
5187:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5149:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5125:
5121:
5115:
5110:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5058:
5052:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5025:
5018:
5009:
5000:
4994:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4960:
4951:
4940:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4885:
4873:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4849:
4847:
4839:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4805:
4798:
4795:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4766:
4759:
4756:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4704:
4697:
4694:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4647:
4640:
4637:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4580:
4570:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4549:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4513:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4492:
4476:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4444:
4441:
4425:
4421:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4389:
4385:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4353:
4349:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4334:graphic arts
4333:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4313:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4287:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4227:
4223:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4172:
4168:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4145:
4141:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4088:
4084:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4035:
4028:
4024:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3995:
3986:
3981:
3974:
3970:
3961:
3956:
3949:
3945:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3916:
3907:
3902:
3895:
3891:
3882:
3877:
3870:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3847:
3845:
3838:
3834:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3778:
3774:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3729:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3703:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3645:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3619:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3550:
3546:
3530:
3527:
3514:
3507:
3502:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3480:
3472:
3468:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3307:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3013:
3010:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2917:
2914:
2908:
2903:
2900:
2892:
2889:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2868:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2835:
2827:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2763:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2689:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2560:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2309:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2168:
2151:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2062:
2049:
2042:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1869:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1584:
1574:
1568:
1565:This section
1563:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1452:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1395:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1327:
1320:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1203:
1194:
1182:
1180:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1134:
1120:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1095:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1032:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
980:
977:
972:
968:
960:
954:
946:
939:
936:
932:
926:
924:
919:
909:
901:
897:
893:
888:
884:
875:
872:
867:
865:
854:
839:
836:
819:
811:
807:
803:
798:
794:
785:
782:
777:
775:
764:
754:
749:
745:
741:
736:
732:
728:
726:
721:
711:
706:
702:
698:
693:
689:
685:
683:
678:
668:
663:
659:
655:
650:
646:
642:
640:
635:
619:
599:
585:
581:
574:
571:
566:
562:
555:
552:
547:
543:
536:
527:
524:
521:
512:
504:
497:
493:
486:
483:
478:
474:
467:
464:
459:
455:
448:
440:
430:
424:
422:
416:
403:
398:
388:
384:
380:
375:
371:
364:
359:
349:
345:
341:
336:
332:
325:
320:
310:
306:
302:
297:
293:
286:
281:
266:
263:
250:
243:
233:
229:
225:
220:
216:
209:
204:
194:
190:
186:
181:
177:
170:
165:
155:
151:
147:
142:
138:
129:
116:
113:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
63:
61:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:color science
19:
9929:Color vision
9608:Fluorescence
9571:Colorfulness
9564:Dichromatism
9408:
9400:
9370:Chromaticity
9353:Color mixing
9345:Color theory
9278:Color scheme
9141:Chromophobia
9090:
8811:
8778:
8772:
8755:
8751:
8727:13 September
8725:. Retrieved
8721:
8716:Huda, Mike.
8711:
8700:. Retrieved
8693:the original
8679:
8665:(1): 21–30.
8662:
8658:
8630:
8626:
8616:
8605:. Retrieved
8593:
8581:
8570:. Retrieved
8559:
8538:
8534:
8521:
8496:
8488:
8477:
8466:. Retrieved
8456:
8445:. Retrieved
8434:
8423:the original
8418:
8414:
8402:
8391:. Retrieved
8380:
8372:
8368:
8363:
8339:
8318:. Retrieved
8294:
8274:
8267:
8256:. Retrieved
8241:
8234:
8223:. Retrieved
8208:
8201:
8176:
8172:
8166:
8149:
8125:
8108:
8104:
8098:
8089:
8080:
8071:
7961:
7920:
7916:
7909:
7886:
7876:
7875:
7871:
7870:
7844:
7783:
7568:
7355:
7132:
7117:
7107:
7090:
7080:
7079:When either
7078:
6486:
6467:
6457:
6456:When either
6455:
6029:
6022:
6010:
6006:
5999:
5989:
5811:
5521:
5236:
4941:
4874:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4850:
4842:
4840:
4538:
4498:
4452:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4288:
3531:
3528:
3308:
3155:
3153:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3107:
3091:
2828:
2561:
2310:
2169:
2132:
2118:
2063:
1870:
1703:
1699:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1640:
1636:Ewald Hering
1627:
1623:
1620:Greek letter
1605:
1599:
1591:
1578:
1566:
1391:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1183:
1164:
1157:
1146:
1138:
1116:
1103:
1092:
1075:
840:
837:
620:
425:
417:
267:
264:
117:
114:
93:
88:
84:
80:
74:
39:
35:
29:
9919:Color space
9745:Color chart
9603:Iridescence
9435:Basic terms
9426:Color terms
9380:Color wheel
9375:Color solid
9239:Color space
9225:subtractive
9208:Color model
9079:Unique hues
8975:Colorimetry
8941:Chromophore
8072:Compu Phase
7971:quasimetric
7967:commutative
7912:ellipsoidal
7872:Tolerancing
7128:Sharma 2005
6484:, eqn. 10.
6482:Sharma 2005
6025:atan2(y, x)
6018:Sharma 2005
5648:where
5067:where
2137:quasimetric
1626:stands for
77:color space
60:color space
9913:Categories
9765:Shades of:
9598:Brightness
9330:Web colors
9286:Color tool
9269:philosophy
9174:Color cast
9074:Afterimage
9064:Metamerism
9037:Color code
9032:Color task
9015:Dichromacy
8702:2014-12-02
8607:2023-10-24
8572:2009-04-16
8468:2009-04-16
8447:2011-03-23
8393:2009-04-16
8320:2009-04-16
8258:2014-12-02
8225:2014-12-02
8052:References
7853:See also:
6020:, eqn. 7.
5992:atan2(b, a
4289:and where
1628:Empfindung
1548:CIELAB ΔE*
1097:See also:
9615:Grayscale
9588:Lightness
9583:Luminance
9392:(fashion)
9092:The dress
8545:: 21–30.
8345:CRC Press
8193:209914019
8030:∗
7948:Footnotes
7849:Tolerance
7822:Δ
7800:′
7792:Δ
7746:∘
7735:∘
7727:−
7717:¯
7699:−
7691:
7685:⋅
7680:∘
7667:
7630:¯
7605:¯
7589:−
7550:′
7543:¯
7508:′
7501:¯
7450:−
7444:¯
7406:−
7400:¯
7337:∘
7329:−
7324:′
7317:¯
7301:
7292:−
7284:∘
7271:′
7264:¯
7248:
7231:′
7224:¯
7208:
7191:∘
7183:−
7178:′
7171:¯
7158:
7149:−
7056:∘
7048:≥
7043:′
7025:′
7007:∘
6989:′
6976:−
6971:′
6938:∘
6930:−
6925:′
6907:′
6885:∘
6872:′
6854:′
6836:∘
6818:′
6805:−
6800:′
6767:∘
6754:′
6736:′
6714:∘
6706:≤
6696:′
6683:−
6678:′
6645:′
6627:′
6598:′
6591:¯
6564:′
6556:Δ
6550:
6540:′
6525:′
6502:′
6494:Δ
6433:′
6415:′
6397:∘
6379:′
6366:−
6361:′
6339:∘
6331:−
6326:′
6313:−
6308:′
6289:′
6276:≤
6271:′
6253:∘
6235:′
6222:−
6217:′
6195:∘
6182:′
6169:−
6164:′
6145:∘
6137:≤
6127:′
6114:−
6109:′
6087:′
6074:−
6069:′
6037:Δ
5974:∘
5955:′
5937:∗
5911:′
5892:∘
5873:′
5855:∗
5829:′
5787:∗
5737:′
5713:∗
5663:′
5629:−
5600:Δ
5582:′
5564:′
5543:′
5536:¯
5477:¯
5457:¯
5444:−
5426:∗
5406:∗
5388:′
5343:¯
5323:¯
5310:−
5292:∗
5272:∗
5254:′
5208:∗
5181:∗
5159:∗
5131:∗
5104:∗
5082:∗
5053:∗
5035:∗
5013:¯
4995:∗
4977:∗
4955:¯
4926:∗
4913:−
4908:∗
4890:′
4882:Δ
4792:Δ
4753:Δ
4691:Δ
4634:Δ
4577:Δ
4559:∗
4546:Δ
4495:CIEDE2000
4477:∗
4461:Δ
4337:textiles
4266:∗
4211:∗
4129:∗
4116:−
4111:∗
4089:∗
4081:Δ
4069:∗
4056:−
4051:∗
4029:∗
4021:Δ
4000:∗
3992:Δ
3987:−
3975:∗
3967:Δ
3950:∗
3942:Δ
3921:∗
3913:Δ
3908:−
3896:∗
3888:Δ
3883:−
3871:∗
3855:Δ
3839:∗
3831:Δ
3819:∗
3806:−
3801:∗
3779:∗
3771:Δ
3750:∗
3723:∗
3697:∗
3666:∗
3639:∗
3613:∗
3591:∗
3578:−
3573:∗
3551:∗
3543:Δ
3473:∗
3465:Δ
3414:∗
3406:Δ
3355:∗
3347:Δ
3329:∗
3316:Δ
3289:∗
3271:∗
3253:∗
3215:∗
3197:∗
3179:∗
3069:otherwise
3052:∘
3028:
3002:∘
2994:≤
2981:≤
2976:∘
2956:∘
2932:
2879:∗
2856:∗
2809:−
2756:∗
2730:∗
2687:≥
2682:∗
2662:∗
2636:∗
2605:∗
2521:∗
2505:Δ
2468:×
2458:∗
2445:−
2440:∗
2393:×
2383:∗
2370:−
2365:∗
2337:∗
2318:Δ
2278:∗
2260:∗
2209:∗
2191:∗
2125:CIE L*C*h
2092:≈
2087:∗
2071:Δ
2033:∗
2020:−
2015:∗
1984:∗
1971:−
1966:∗
1935:∗
1922:−
1917:∗
1894:∗
1878:Δ
1850:∗
1830:∗
1810:∗
1770:∗
1750:∗
1730:∗
1581:July 2021
1573:talk page
1517:−
1474:−
1435:−
1404:Δ
1303:−
1264:−
1225:−
1191:Δ
1119:CAM02-UCS
1043:Δ
1026:¯
1017:−
984:Δ
965:Δ
950:¯
917:Δ
858:¯
768:¯
742:−
719:Δ
699:−
676:Δ
656:−
633:Δ
596:otherwise
578:Δ
559:Δ
540:Δ
516:¯
490:Δ
471:Δ
452:Δ
381:−
342:−
303:−
226:−
187:−
148:−
66:Euclidean
9934:Distance
9888:Category
9870:Lighting
9593:Darkness
9413:(Goethe)
9213:additive
9201:Quattron
8803:20963027
8138:Archived
7931:See also
7897:ellipses
7829:′
7723:′
7637:′
7612:′
6044:′
5761:′
5687:′
5641:′
5625:′
5608:′
4799:′
4760:′
4698:′
4641:′
4584:′
3096:and the
2623:0.040975
1110:—
421:variance
277:distance
126:distance
9852:Related
9813:Magenta
9738:history
9642:Pantone
8929:Visible
8924:Rainbow
8783:Bibcode
7887:In the
2649:0.01765
2133:CMC l:c
621:where:
109:
103:
97:
46:. This
9865:Qualia
9860:Vision
9808:Purple
9803:Violet
9783:Yellow
9778:Orange
9473:Orange
9468:Purple
9458:Yellow
8892:topics
8822:
8801:
8722:X-Rite
8509:
8351:
8282:
8249:
8216:
8191:
8090:X-Rite
7937:CIELAB
7905:CIELAB
7901:CIELUV
4865:, and
4445:0.014
4442:0.015
4409:0.048
4406:0.045
3529:where
3144:, and
2743:0.0131
2717:0.0638
2135:. The
1643:CIELAB
1359:= 0.5
48:metric
44:colors
9898:Index
9838:Black
9828:White
9823:Brown
9788:Green
9690:Lists
9682:Names
9664:(CIE)
9633:Color
9493:Brown
9488:White
9478:Black
9448:Green
9267:Color
8963:Water
8919:Light
8890:Color
8696:(PDF)
8689:(PDF)
8541:(1).
8531:(PDF)
8426:(PDF)
8411:(PDF)
8408:"CMC"
8373:twice
8189:S2CID
8158:(PDF)
8141:(PDF)
8134:(PDF)
8044:only.
7953:Notes
7882:gamut
7533:0.015
7491:0.045
7385:0.015
5920:atan2
5838:atan2
3104:CIE94
2767:0.638
2590:0.511
1696:CIE76
1618:is a
1616:delta
55:in a
9833:Gray
9818:Pink
9798:Blue
9793:Cyan
9483:Gray
9463:Pink
9443:Blue
9230:CMYK
8820:ISBN
8799:PMID
8729:2024
8507:ISBN
8369:half
8349:ISBN
8280:ISBN
8247:ISBN
8214:ISBN
7903:and
7295:0.20
7242:0.32
7202:0.24
7152:0.17
6999:>
6877:<
6828:>
6420:>
6389:>
6245:>
6005:and
4317:and
4296:and
3123:and
3011:0.36
2915:0.56
2893:1900
2610:<
2308:is:
1788:and
1663:All
1634:and
1592:The
1412:HyAB
1151:and
522:<
429:sRGB
71:sRGB
9773:Red
9559:Hue
9453:Red
9218:RGB
8791:doi
8760:doi
8667:doi
8635:doi
8547:doi
8503:147
8181:doi
8113:doi
7924:CMC
7731:275
7688:exp
7664:sin
7298:cos
7245:cos
7205:cos
7155:cos
7106:is
7089:or
7052:360
7003:180
6934:360
6881:360
6832:180
6763:360
6710:180
6547:sin
6466:or
6393:180
6335:360
6249:180
6191:360
6141:180
5970:360
5964:mod
5888:360
5882:mod
3094:D65
3025:cos
3022:0.4
2998:345
2972:164
2952:168
2929:cos
2926:0.2
2109:JND
2095:2.3
1677:ITP
1207:720
1199:ITP
1168:ITP
1161:ITP
1153:HDR
1149:WCG
1142:ITP
1082:HSL
1080:or
1078:HSV
1033:256
1014:255
955:256
525:128
38:or
30:In
9915::
8818:.
8797:.
8789:.
8779:33
8777:.
8756:15
8754:.
8750:.
8720:.
8663:30
8661:.
8649:^
8631:12
8629:.
8625:.
8539:30
8537:.
8533:.
8505:.
8417:.
8413:.
8347:.
8329:^
8305:^
8187:.
8177:45
8175:.
8109:42
8107:.
8088:.
8070:.
8059:^
7921:E*
7907:.
7742:25
7676:60
7651:25
7453:50
7425:20
7409:50
7333:63
7187:30
6027:.
5493:25
5359:25
4858:,
4848:.
4554:00
4373:2
4370:1
4310:,
3324:94
3137:,
3116:,
3100:.
3048:35
2690:16
2613:16
1708:,
1688:ab
1667:E*
1638:.
1612:dE
1610:,
1606:dE
1600:E*
1374:=
1349:=
1172:IC
1133:.
87:,
83:,
62:.
34:,
8882:e
8875:t
8868:v
8828:.
8805:.
8793::
8785::
8766:.
8762::
8731:.
8705:.
8673:.
8669::
8643:.
8637::
8610:.
8575:.
8553:.
8549::
8515:.
8471:.
8450:.
8419:8
8396:.
8357:.
8323:.
8288:.
8261:.
8228:.
8195:.
8183::
8119:.
8115::
8092:.
8074:.
8025:1
8021:C
7998:}
7995:H
7992:,
7989:C
7986:{
7982:S
7919:Δ
7826:h
7796:H
7769:]
7764:)
7758:2
7753:]
7714:H
7704:[
7695:(
7671:[
7655:7
7647:+
7641:7
7627:C
7616:7
7602:C
7592:2
7586:=
7581:T
7577:R
7555:T
7540:C
7530:+
7527:1
7524:=
7519:H
7515:S
7498:C
7488:+
7485:1
7482:=
7477:C
7473:S
7463:2
7457:)
7441:L
7434:(
7428:+
7418:2
7413:)
7397:L
7390:(
7379:+
7376:1
7373:=
7368:L
7364:S
7342:)
7314:H
7307:4
7304:(
7289:)
7280:6
7276:+
7261:H
7254:3
7251:(
7239:+
7236:)
7221:H
7214:2
7211:(
7199:+
7196:)
7168:H
7161:(
7146:1
7143:=
7140:T
7124:2
7120:′
7118:h
7116:+
7114:1
7110:′
7108:h
7104:′
7101:H
7097:2
7093:′
7091:C
7087:1
7083:′
7081:C
7038:2
7034:h
7030:+
7020:1
7016:h
7012:,
6995:|
6984:2
6980:h
6966:1
6962:h
6957:|
6951:2
6947:/
6943:)
6920:2
6916:h
6912:+
6902:1
6898:h
6894:(
6867:2
6863:h
6859:+
6849:1
6845:h
6841:,
6824:|
6813:2
6809:h
6795:1
6791:h
6786:|
6780:2
6776:/
6772:)
6759:+
6749:2
6745:h
6741:+
6731:1
6727:h
6723:(
6702:|
6691:2
6687:h
6673:1
6669:h
6664:|
6658:2
6654:/
6650:)
6640:2
6636:h
6632:+
6622:1
6618:h
6614:(
6608:{
6603:=
6588:H
6580:,
6577:)
6574:2
6570:/
6560:h
6553:(
6535:2
6531:C
6520:1
6516:C
6510:2
6507:=
6498:H
6478:′
6474:2
6470:′
6468:C
6464:1
6460:′
6458:C
6428:1
6424:h
6410:2
6406:h
6402:,
6385:|
6374:2
6370:h
6356:1
6352:h
6347:|
6321:1
6317:h
6303:2
6299:h
6284:1
6280:h
6266:2
6262:h
6258:,
6241:|
6230:2
6226:h
6212:1
6208:h
6203:|
6187:+
6177:1
6173:h
6159:2
6155:h
6133:|
6122:2
6118:h
6104:1
6100:h
6095:|
6082:1
6078:h
6064:2
6060:h
6053:{
6048:=
6041:h
6013:′
6011:C
6007:b
6002:′
6000:a
5996:)
5994:′
5960:)
5950:2
5946:a
5942:,
5932:2
5928:b
5924:(
5916:=
5906:2
5902:h
5897:,
5878:)
5868:1
5864:a
5860:,
5850:1
5846:b
5842:(
5834:=
5824:1
5820:h
5791:2
5781:2
5777:b
5773:+
5765:2
5752:2
5748:a
5742:=
5732:2
5728:C
5717:2
5707:1
5703:b
5699:+
5691:2
5678:1
5674:a
5668:=
5658:1
5654:C
5637:1
5633:C
5621:2
5617:C
5613:=
5605:C
5588:2
5577:2
5573:C
5569:+
5559:1
5555:C
5548:=
5533:C
5507:)
5497:7
5489:+
5484:7
5474:C
5464:7
5454:C
5441:1
5437:(
5431:2
5421:2
5417:a
5411:+
5401:2
5397:a
5393:=
5383:2
5379:a
5373:)
5363:7
5355:+
5350:7
5340:C
5330:7
5320:C
5307:1
5303:(
5297:2
5287:1
5283:a
5277:+
5267:1
5263:a
5259:=
5249:1
5245:a
5222:,
5215:2
5203:2
5199:b
5193:+
5188:2
5176:2
5172:a
5164:=
5154:2
5150:C
5145:,
5138:2
5126:1
5122:b
5116:+
5111:2
5099:1
5095:a
5087:=
5077:1
5073:C
5059:2
5048:2
5044:C
5040:+
5030:1
5026:C
5019:=
5010:C
5001:2
4990:2
4986:L
4982:+
4972:1
4968:L
4961:=
4952:L
4921:1
4917:L
4903:2
4899:L
4895:=
4886:L
4869:H
4867:k
4862:C
4860:k
4855:L
4853:k
4845:T
4843:R
4820:H
4816:S
4810:H
4806:k
4796:H
4781:C
4777:S
4771:C
4767:k
4757:C
4745:T
4741:R
4737:+
4732:2
4727:)
4719:H
4715:S
4709:H
4705:k
4695:H
4685:(
4680:+
4675:2
4670:)
4662:C
4658:S
4652:C
4648:k
4638:C
4628:(
4623:+
4618:2
4613:)
4605:L
4601:S
4595:L
4591:k
4581:L
4571:(
4564:=
4550:E
4535:)
4533:H
4528:)
4526:C
4521:)
4519:L
4509:T
4472:b
4469:a
4465:H
4426:2
4422:K
4390:1
4386:K
4354:L
4350:k
4322:2
4319:K
4315:1
4312:K
4307:L
4305:k
4300:H
4298:k
4293:C
4291:k
4271:,
4261:1
4257:C
4251:2
4247:K
4243:+
4240:1
4237:=
4228:H
4224:S
4216:,
4206:1
4202:C
4196:1
4192:K
4188:+
4185:1
4182:=
4173:C
4169:S
4161:,
4158:1
4155:=
4146:L
4142:S
4134:,
4124:2
4120:b
4106:1
4102:b
4098:=
4085:b
4074:,
4064:2
4060:a
4046:1
4042:a
4038:=
4025:a
4014:,
4007:2
3996:C
3982:2
3971:b
3962:+
3957:2
3946:a
3935:=
3928:2
3917:C
3903:2
3892:L
3878:2
3866:b
3863:a
3859:E
3848:=
3835:H
3824:,
3814:2
3810:C
3796:1
3792:C
3788:=
3775:C
3764:,
3757:2
3745:2
3741:b
3735:+
3730:2
3718:2
3714:a
3706:=
3692:2
3688:C
3680:,
3673:2
3661:1
3657:b
3651:+
3646:2
3634:1
3630:a
3622:=
3608:1
3604:C
3596:,
3586:2
3582:L
3568:1
3564:L
3560:=
3547:L
3515:,
3508:2
3503:)
3495:H
3491:S
3485:H
3481:k
3469:H
3459:(
3454:+
3449:2
3444:)
3436:C
3432:S
3426:C
3422:k
3410:C
3400:(
3395:+
3390:2
3385:)
3377:L
3373:S
3367:L
3363:k
3351:L
3341:(
3334:=
3320:E
3294:)
3284:2
3280:b
3276:,
3266:2
3262:a
3258:,
3248:2
3244:L
3240:(
3220:)
3210:1
3206:b
3202:,
3192:1
3188:a
3184:,
3174:1
3170:L
3166:(
3156:E
3148:H
3146:S
3141:C
3139:S
3134:L
3132:S
3127:H
3125:k
3120:C
3118:k
3113:L
3111:k
3061:|
3057:)
3044:+
3039:1
3035:h
3031:(
3018:|
3014:+
2989:1
2985:h
2965:|
2961:)
2948:+
2943:1
2939:h
2935:(
2922:|
2918:+
2909:{
2904:=
2901:T
2890:+
2883:4
2873:1
2869:C
2860:4
2850:1
2846:C
2839:=
2836:F
2815:)
2812:F
2806:1
2803:+
2800:T
2797:F
2794:(
2789:C
2785:S
2781:=
2776:H
2772:S
2764:+
2751:1
2747:C
2740:+
2737:1
2725:1
2721:C
2711:=
2706:C
2702:S
2677:1
2673:L
2657:1
2653:L
2646:+
2643:1
2631:1
2627:L
2600:1
2596:L
2584:{
2579:=
2574:L
2570:S
2544:2
2539:)
2532:H
2528:S
2516:b
2513:a
2509:H
2499:(
2494:+
2489:2
2484:)
2476:C
2472:S
2465:c
2453:1
2449:C
2435:2
2431:C
2424:(
2419:+
2414:2
2409:)
2401:L
2397:S
2390:l
2378:1
2374:L
2360:2
2356:L
2349:(
2342:=
2332:C
2329:M
2326:C
2322:E
2296:)
2291:1
2287:h
2283:,
2273:1
2269:C
2265:,
2255:1
2251:L
2247:(
2227:)
2222:2
2218:h
2214:,
2204:2
2200:C
2196:,
2186:2
2182:L
2178:(
2152:1
2148:h
2082:b
2079:a
2075:E
2050:.
2043:2
2039:)
2028:1
2024:b
2010:2
2006:b
2002:(
1999:+
1994:2
1990:)
1979:1
1975:a
1961:2
1957:a
1953:(
1950:+
1945:2
1941:)
1930:1
1926:L
1912:2
1908:L
1904:(
1899:=
1889:b
1886:a
1882:E
1856:)
1845:2
1841:b
1836:,
1825:2
1821:a
1816:,
1805:2
1801:L
1796:(
1776:)
1765:1
1761:b
1756:,
1745:1
1741:a
1736:,
1725:1
1721:L
1716:(
1684:E
1682:Δ
1674:E
1672:Δ
1665:Δ
1657:E
1655:Δ
1624:E
1608:*
1598:Δ
1583:)
1579:(
1575:.
1531:|
1525:1
1521:L
1512:2
1508:L
1503:|
1499:+
1492:2
1488:)
1482:1
1478:b
1469:2
1465:b
1461:(
1458:+
1453:2
1449:)
1443:1
1439:a
1430:2
1426:a
1422:(
1417:=
1408:E
1383:.
1380:P
1376:C
1372:P
1368:,
1365:T
1361:C
1357:T
1353:,
1351:I
1347:I
1328:,
1321:2
1317:)
1311:2
1307:P
1298:1
1294:P
1290:(
1287:+
1282:2
1278:)
1272:2
1268:T
1259:1
1255:T
1251:(
1248:+
1243:2
1239:)
1233:2
1229:I
1220:1
1216:I
1212:(
1204:=
1195:E
1178:P
1176:C
1174:T
1165:E
1158:E
1156:Δ
1139:E
1131:z
1129:b
1127:z
1125:a
1123:z
1058:.
1051:2
1047:B
1039:)
1023:r
1008:+
1005:2
1001:(
997:+
992:2
988:G
981:4
978:+
973:2
969:R
961:)
947:r
940:+
937:2
933:(
927:=
920:C
910:,
907:)
902:2
898:R
894:+
889:1
885:R
881:(
876:2
873:1
868:=
855:r
820:.
817:)
812:2
808:R
804:+
799:1
795:R
791:(
786:2
783:1
778:=
765:R
755:,
750:2
746:B
737:1
733:B
729:=
722:B
712:,
707:2
703:G
694:1
690:G
686:=
679:G
669:,
664:2
660:R
651:1
647:R
643:=
636:R
600:,
586:2
582:B
575:2
572:+
567:2
563:G
556:4
553:+
548:2
544:R
537:3
528:,
513:R
505:,
498:2
494:B
487:3
484:+
479:2
475:G
468:4
465:+
460:2
456:R
449:2
441:{
404:.
399:2
395:)
389:1
385:B
376:2
372:B
368:(
365:+
360:2
356:)
350:1
346:G
337:2
333:G
329:(
326:+
321:2
317:)
311:1
307:R
298:2
294:R
290:(
287:=
282:2
251:.
244:2
240:)
234:1
230:B
221:2
217:B
213:(
210:+
205:2
201:)
195:1
191:G
182:2
178:G
174:(
171:+
166:2
162:)
156:1
152:R
143:2
139:R
135:(
130:=
89:B
85:G
81:R
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
