161:) due to their fine sense of smell and skill in producing olfactory compositions. The perfumer is effectively an artist who is trained in depth on the concepts of fragrance aesthetics and who is capable of conveying abstract concepts and moods with compositions. At the most rudimentary level, a perfumer must have a keen knowledge of a large variety of fragrance ingredients and their smells, and be able to distinguish each one alone or in combination with others. They must also know how each reveals itself over time. The job of the perfumer is very similar to that of
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often with the direction provided by a panel or artistic director, which guides and edits the modifications on the composition of the perfume. This process typically spans several months to several years, going through many iterations, and may involve cultural and public surveys to tailor a perfume to a particular market. The composition will then be either used to enhance another product as a
276:. This will contain the specifications for the desired perfume, and will describe in often poetic or abstract terms what it should smell like or what feelings it should evoke, along with a maximum price per litre of the perfume oil concentrate. This allowance, along with the intended application of the perfume, will determine what aromatic ingredients will be used in the composition.
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Most past perfumers did not undergo professional training in the art, and many learned their craft as apprentices under another perfumer in their employment as technicians (in charge of blending formulas) or chemists. These people were usually given temporary jobs in the industry. A direct entrance
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The perfumer will then go through the process of blending multiple mixtures and will attempt to capture the desired feelings specified in the brief. After presenting the perfume mixtures to the customers, the perfumer may "win" the brief with their approval. They proceed to work with the customer,
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was the first to include on the bottles of the perfumes he launched the names of the perfumers who composed them, and who were considered by his house as their authors. In the following decade, perfumers became an integral part of fragrance messaging and were increasingly placed in the spotlight.
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of a 'perfume organ' (lacks a weighing scale). The organ is traditionally where a perfumer works on the composition of various perfumes. However, samples are now weighed and blended by technicians in larger flavour and fragrance
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Alternatively, the perfumer may simply be inspired to create a perfume and produce something that later becomes marketable or wins a brief. This is more common in smaller or independent perfume houses.
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More recently, in 2002, another school was born, the Grasse
Institute of Perfumery (G.I.P). Similarly here, candidates must have a foundation in chemistry or pharmacy to be accepted as students.
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Pharmacy faculty and through online courses and private workshops in the United States, UK, Dubai, Hong Kong, Germany, New
Zealand, and Thailand.
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into the profession is rare, and those who do typically enter it through family contacts. Such apprenticeships last around three years.
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became the first school in perfumery. Candidates must pass a demanding entrance examination, and must have taken
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operate their own perfumery schools, but students must be employees and recommended by their managers. The
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Since 1998 PerfumersWorld's school has offered formal and informal training through university courses at
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265:. Some work exclusively for a perfume house or in their own companies, but these are not as common.
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The
Emperor of Scent: A Story of Perfume, Obsession, and the Last Mystery of the Senses
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For a long time, perfumes were associated with the brand name on the bottle. In 2,000,
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Until recently, professional schools open to the public did not exist. In 1970
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by their employer or a customer, typically a fashion house or other large
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229:(UK) offers a BA (Bachelor of Arts) course in Business & Perfumery.
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Most perfumers are employed by large fragrance corporations including
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577:"Fragrance Is An Art - Understanding the Role of a Perfumer"
19:"Fumer" redirects here. For the bone of the lower limb, see
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interiors, etc.) or marketed directly to the public as a
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621:"Perfumer Jacques Cavallier Belletrud's guide to Grasse"
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compositions, sometimes referred to affectionately as a
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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541:"The Perfumers - An Index to the Aromatic Artists"
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520:Université Européenne des Senteurs & Saveurs
198:King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi
268:The perfumer typically begins a project with a
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211:itself is a world-renowned perfume centre.
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931:Research Institute of Fragrance Materials
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1058:Sensient Flavors & Fragrances Group
673:Hojlo, Anne-Sophie (23 February 2023).
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16:Expert on creating perfume compositions
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1043:International Flavors & Fragrances
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219:International Flavors and Fragrances
54:adding citations to reliable sources
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916:International Fragrance Association
702:Zooming into Practices of Perfumers
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596:"Perfumery School | PerfumersWorld"
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41:needs additional citations for
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169:for commercial food products.
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200:Biotechnology faculty, at
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325:List of notable perfumers
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145:is an expert on creating
941:The Fragrance Foundation
202:Chulalongkorn University
910:Fragrances of the World
704:Scent Culture Institute
644:Burr, Chandler (2003).
227:University of Plymouth
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482:Christopher Sheldrake
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862:Fragrance extraction
432:Christophe Laudamiel
282:functional fragrance
50:improve this article
1137:Fashion occupations
992:Johann Maria Farina
539:Glen O. Brechbill.
457:Patricia de NicolaĂŻ
397:Lorenzo Dante Ferro
382:Bertrand Duchaufour
826:Herbal distillates
600:Perfumersworld.com
447:David H. McConnell
437:Norina Matchabelli
387:Jean-Claude Ellena
189:-level courses in
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1007:Edmond Roudnitska
659:978-0-375-50797-7
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402:Olivia Giacobetti
362:Jacques Cavallier
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557:on 2011-06-27
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61:Find sources:
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39:This article
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27:
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967:Ernest Beaux
908:
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872:Scentography
852:Aromachology
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628:. Retrieved
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603:. Retrieved
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581:Karl Winters
580:
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559:. Retrieved
552:the original
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467:Henri Robert
422:Karyn Khoury
342:Ernest Beaux
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48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1068:T. Hasegawa
972:Coco Chanel
881:Professions
814:Ingredients
417:Jean Kerléo
357:Jean Carles
352:Arcadi Boix
274:corporation
167:flavourants
163:flavourists
106:August 2020
1126:Categories
1111:Wiktionary
1002:Luca Turin
926:Osmothèque
824:including
630:2024-07-17
605:2016-12-04
561:2017-06-24
526:References
294:detergents
233:Employment
221:(IFF) and
187:university
137:companies.
76:newspapers
65:"Perfumer"
1132:Perfumers
1028:Firmenich
1016:Companies
951:Basenotes
836:Synthetic
247:Firmenich
143:perfumist
1091:Category
1073:Takasago
1053:Robertet
1038:Givaudan
1033:Frutarom
888:Perfumer
794:Pomander
746:Overview
739:Perfumes
504:See also
286:shampoos
259:Takasago
255:Givaudan
243:Robertet
215:Givaudan
173:Training
1101:Commons
1063:Symrise
1048:Mane SA
845:Science
804:Fougère
753:History
312:Credits
290:make-up
263:Symrise
223:Symrise
147:perfume
90:scholar
960:People
946:ISIPCA
799:Chypre
679:By Nez
656:
515:ISIPCA
261:, and
209:Grasse
183:ISIPCA
155:French
134:mockup
92:
85:
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71:
63:
1023:Caron
867:Note
767:Types
555:(PDF)
544:(PDF)
270:brief
97:JSTOR
83:books
21:Femur
654:ISBN
239:Mane
151:nose
69:news
298:car
251:IFF
159:nez
52:by
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