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the growth of the city, the streets were expanded and the city was monumentalised. Under
Attalos I some minor changes were made to the city of Philetairos. During the reign of Eumenes II and Attalos II, there was a substantial expansion of the city. A new street network was created and a new city wall, with a monumental gatehouse called the Gate of Eumenes, was built south of the Acropolis. The wall, with numerous gates, now surrounded the entire hill, not just the upper city and the flat area to the southwest, all the way to the Selinus river. Numerous public buildings were constructed, as well as a new marketplace south of the acropolis and a new gymnasion in the east. The southeast slope and the whole western slope of the hill were now settled and opened up by streets.
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multi-story building, which propbably had a function connected to the marketplace. With progressive development of the open space, these buildings were demolished, while the Upper Agora itself took on a more strongly commercial function, while still a special space as a result of the temple of Zeus. In the course of the expansion of the city under
Eumenes, the commercial character of the Upper Agora was further developed. The key signs of this development are primarily the halls built under Eumenes II, whose back chambers were probably used for trade. In the west, the 'West Chamber' was built which might have served as a market administration building. After these renovations, the Upper Agora thus served as a centre for trade and spectacle in the city.
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north side, the rock forms a 70 metres (230 ft) wide spur of rock. To the southeast of this spur, which is known as the 'Garden of the Queen', the massif reaches its greatest height and breaks off suddenly immediately to the east. The upper city extends for another 250 metres (820 ft) to the south, but it remains very narrow, with a width of only 150 metres (490 ft). At its south en d the massif falls gradually to the east and south, widening to around 350 metres (1,150 ft) and then descends to the plain towards the southwest.
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2238:(from Greek), or sometimes Asclepium (from Latin), was approached along an 820-metre (2,690 ft) colonnaded sacred way. In this place people with health problems could bathe in the water of the sacred spring, and in the patients' dreams Asclepius would appear in a vision to tell them how to cure their illness. Archeology has found many gifts and dedications that people would make afterwards, such as small terracotta body parts, no doubt representing what had been healed.
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the courtyard often opened onto foyers, which enabled access to other rooms. An exact north–south arrangement of the city blocks was not possible because of the topographical situation and earlier construction. Thus the size and arrangement of the rooms differed from house to house. From the time of
Philetairos, at the latest, this kind of courtyard house was common and it was ever more widespread as time went on, but not universal. Some complexes were designed as
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1779:, which was normal in a Greek theatre, so only a wooden stage building was built which could be taken down when there was no performance taking place. Thus, the view along the terrace to the Temple of Dionysos at the northern end was unimpeded. A marble stage building was only built in the 1st century BC. Additional theatres were built in the Roman period, one in the Roman new city and the other in the sanctuary of Asclepius.
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adopted for the area around the gymnasium, with streets up to four metres wide, apparently intended to enable effective traffic flow. In contrast to it, Philetairos' system of alleys was created unsystematically, although the topic is still under investigation. Where the lay of the land prevented the laying of a street, small alleys were installed as connections instead. In general, therefore, there are large, broad streets (
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2479:. Others had wide columned halls in front of main rooms to the north. Especially in this latter type there is often a second story accessed by stairways. In the courtyards there were often cisterns, which captured rain water from the sloping roofs above. For the construction under Eumenes II, a city block of 35 x 45 m can be reconstructed, subject to significant variation as a result of the terrain.
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1985:, containing at least 200,000 scrolls. The location of the library building is not certain. Since the 19th century excavations, it has generally been identified with an annex of the northern stoa of the sanctuary of Athena in the Upper Citadel, which was built by Eumenes II. Inscriptions in the gymnasium which mention a library might indicate, however, that the building was located in that area.
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872:, and Athens. The two brothers Eumenes II and Attalus II displayed the most distinctive trait of the Attalids: a pronounced sense of family without rivalry or intrigue - rare amongst the Hellenistic dynasties. Attalus II bore the epithet 'Philadelphos', 'he who loves his brother', and his relations with Eumenes II were compared to the harmony between the mythical brothers
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the 'Main Level' opened onto a central courtyard. On the lower level there were rooms only on the south and east sides because of the slope of the land, which led through a colonnade to the exterior of the space. The whole market area extended over two levels with a large columned hall in the centre, which contained small shop spaces and miscellaneous rooms.
1895:, 'the guide', and was already worshiped in the last third of the 3rd century BC, when the Attalids made him the chief god of their dynasty. In the 2nd century BC, Eumenes II (probably) built a temple for Dionysus at the northern end of the theatre terrace. The marble temple sits on a podium, 4.5 metres above the level of the theatre terrace and was an
1771:, and vertically by 0.75-metre-wide (2.5 ft) stairways into seven sections in the lowest part of the theatre and six in the middle and upper sections. Below the theatre is a 247-metre-long (810 ft) and up to 17.4-metre-wide (57 ft) terrace, which rested on a high retaining wall and was framed on the long side by a
1238:) visited Pergamon in 1250, he was shown the house of Galen, but he saw that the theatre had been destroyed and, except for the walls which he paid some attention to, only the vaults over the Selinus seemed noteworthy to him. The monuments of the Attalids and the Romans were only plundered ruins by this time.
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Philetairos transformed
Pergamon from an archaic settlement into a fortified city. He or his successor Attalos I built a wall around the whole upper city, including the plateau to the south, the upper agora and some of the housing – further housing must have been found outside these walls. Because of
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in Berlin. The balustrade of the upper level of the north and east stoas was decorated with reliefs depicting weapons which commemorated
Eumenes II's military victory. The construction mixed Ionic columns and Doric triglyphs (of which five triglyphs and metopes survive). In the area of the sanctuary,
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The most famous structure from the city is the monumental altar, sometimes called the Great Altar, which was probably dedicated to Zeus and Athena. The foundations are still located in the Upper city, but the remains of the
Pergamon frieze, which originally decorated it, are displayed in the Pergamon
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succeeded him as leader of excavations and directed the focus of research on the residential buildings of
Pergamon, but also on technical issues, like the water management system of the city which supported a population of 200,000 at its height. He also carried out conservation projects which were of
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The course of the main street, which winds up the hill to the
Acropolis with a series of hairpin turns, is typical of the street system of Pergamon. On this street were shops and warehouses. The surface of the street consisted of andesite blocks up to 5 metres wide, 1 metre long and 30 cm deep.
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The sanctuary of Hera
Basileia ('the Queen') lay north of the upper terrace of the gymnasium. Its structure sits on two parallel terraces, the south one about 107.4 metres above sea level and the north one about 109.8 metres above sea level. The Temple of Hera sat in the middle of the upper terrace,
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in Athens. A 20-metre-wide (66 ft) staircase cut into the base on the western side leads up to the upper structure, which is surrounded by a colonnade, and consists of a colonnaded courtyard, separated from the staircase by a colonnade. The interior walls of this colonnade had a further frieze,
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were
Pergamon and the surrounding area removed from Persian control. There are few traces of the pre-Hellenistic city, since in the following period the terrain was profoundly changed and the construction of broad terraces involved the removal of almost all earlier structures. Parts of the temple of
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An ancient origin for "Pergamos" has often been assumed because of its appearing in the 17th-century King James Bible (Rev 2:12). This was however an erroneous reconstruction by the English translators, and does not appear in the Greek text, which uses either the original Πέργαμον (Rev 1:11) or the
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The Madradağ aqueduct was a ceramic pipe with a diameter of 18 cm which already brought water to the citadel from a source over 40 kilometres away in the Madradağ mountains at 1174 m above sea level in the Hellenistic period. Their significance for architectural history lies in the form of the
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The 80 m long and 55 m wide 'Lower Agora' was built under Eumenes II and was not significantly altered until Late Antiquity. As with the Upper Agora, the rectangular form of the agora was adapted to the steep terrain. The construction consisted in total of three levels. Of these the Upper Level and
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Generally, most of the Hellenistic houses at Pergamon were laid out with a small, centrally-located and roughly square courtyard, with rooms on one or two sides of it. The main rooms are often stacked in two levels on the north side of the courtyard. A wide passage or colonnade on the north side of
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Separate from this, a new area was laid out in Roman times, consisting of a whole new city west of the Selinus river, with all necessary infrastructure, including baths, theatres, stadiums, and sanctuaries. This Roman new city was able to expand without any city walls constraining it because of the
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In their constructive adaptation of the myth, the Attalids stood within the tradition of the other, older Hellenistic dynasties, who legitimized themselves through divine descent, and sought to increase their own prestige. The inhabitants of Pergamon enthusiastically followed their lead and took to
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area was built in the 2nd century BC on the south side of the Acropolis. It consisted of three terraces, with the main entrance at the southeast corner of the lowest terrace. The lowest and southernmost terrace is small and almost free of buildings. It is known as the Lower Gymnasium and has been
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As a result of these efforts, Carl Humann, who had been carrying out low-level excavations at Pergamon for the previous few years and had discovered for example the architrave inscription of the Temple of Demeter in 1875, was entrusted with carry out work in the area of the altar of Zeus in 1878,
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Nevertheless, under the brothers Eumenes II and Attalus II, Pergamon reached its apex and was rebuilt on a monumental scale. It had retained the same dimensions for a long interval after its founding by Philetaerus, covering c. 21 hectares (52 acres). After 188 BC a massive new city wall was
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of andesite. The massif is about one kilometre wide and around 5.5 km long from north to south. It consists of a broad, elongated base and a relatively small peak - the upper city. The side facing the Cetius river is a sharp cliff, while the side facing the Selinus is a little rough. On the
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Philetairos' design of the city was shaped above all by circumstantial considerations. Only under Eumenes II was this approach discarded and the city plan begins to show signs of an overall plan. Contrary to earlier attempts at an orthogonal street system, a fan-shaped design seems to have been
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For the altar's construction, the required flat area was skillfully created through terracing, in order to allow it to be oriented in relation to the neighbouring Temple of Athena. The base of the altar measured around 36 x 33 metres and was decorated on the outside with a detailed depiction in
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for his mother after her death. In a less heroic version, Grynos the son of Eurypylus named a city after him in gratitude for a favour. These mythic connections seem to be late and are not attested before the 3rd century BC. Pergamus' role remained subordinate, although he did receive some cult
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Because of significant new construction in the immediate vicinity – the renovation of the Sanctuary of Athena and the Pergamon altar and the redesign of the neighbouring area - the design and organisational principle of the Upper Agora underwent a further change. Its character became much more
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divided into two rooms. The foundations, measuring around 12.70 x 21.80 metres, are still visible today. The columns were around 5.25 metres high, 0.75 metres in diameter, and the distance between the columns was 1.62 metres, so the colonnade was very light for a temple of this period. This is
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Greek inscriptions discovered at Pergamon include the rules of the town clerks, the so-called Astynomoi inscription, which has added to understanding of Greek municipal laws and regulations, including how roads were kept in repair, regulations regarding the public and private water supply and
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The plan of Pergamon was affected by the extreme steepness of the site. As a result of this, the streets had to turn hairpin corners, so that the hill could be climbed as comfortably and quickly as possible. For the construction of buildings and laying out of the agoras, extensive work on the
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Thus, on the one hand, Eurypylus who must have been part of the dynastic line as a result of the appropriation of the myth, was not mentioned in the hymn sung in honour of Telephus in the Asclepieion. Otherwise he does not seem to have been paid any heed. But the Pergamenes made offerings to
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in the northwest of Turkey. The Caicus river breaks through the surrounding mountains and hills at this point and flows in a wide arc to the southwest. At the foot of the mountain range to the north, between the rivers Selinus and Cetius, there is the massif of Pergamon which rises 335 metres
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against Rome, in which he was defeated. The victorious Romans deprived Pergamon of all its benefits and of its status as a free city. Henceforth the city was required to pay tribute and accommodate and supply Roman troops, and the property of many of the inhabitants was confiscated. Imported
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From the beginning of the reign of Philetairos, civic events in Pergamon were concentrated on the Acropolis. Over time the so-called 'Upper agora' was developed at the south end of this. In the reign of Attalos I, a Temple of Zeus was built there. To the north of this structure there was a
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production, is not true. Surviving epigraphic documents show how the Attalids supported the growth of towns by sending in skilled artisans and by remitting taxes. They allowed the Greek cities in their domains to maintain nominal independence, and sent gifts to Greek cultural sites like
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The inhabitants of Pergamon were supplied with water by an effective system. In addition to cisterns, there was a system of nine pipes (seven Hellenistic ceramic pipes and two open Roman channels. The system provided around 30,000–35,000 cubic metres of water per day.
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was four columns wide and two columns deep and was accessed by a staircase of twenty-five steps. Only a few traces of the Hellenistic structure survive. The majority of the surviving structure derives from a reconstruction of the temple which probably took place under
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in the 15th century, ever more travellers visited the place and published their accounts of it. The key description is that of Thomas Smith, who visited the Levant in 1668 and transmitted a detailed description of Pergamon, to which the great 17th century travellers
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last kilometres from the mountains through a 200-metre-deep (660 ft) valley to the Akropolis. The pipe consisted of three channels, which ended 3 km north of the citadel, before reaching the valley, and emptied into a pool, which included a double
523:(1,099 ft) above sea level. The site is only 26 km from the sea, but the Caicus plain is not open to the sea, since the way is blocked by the Karadağ massif. As a result, the area has a strongly inland character. In Hellenistic times, the town of
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or sacred area. The temple towers flanking the main building had courtyards with pools used for ablutions at each end, flanked by stoas on three sides. The forecourt of the Temple of Isis/Sarapis is still supported by the 193-metre-wide (633-foot)
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in the 70s BC, used their own possessions to maintain good relationships with Rome, by acting as donors for the development of the city. Numerous honorific inscriptions indicate Pasparus' work and his exceptional position in Pergamon at this time.
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and his successors that a comprehensive redesign and remodelling took place, with the construction of a Roman 'new city' at the base of the Acropolis. The city was the first in the province to receive a second neocorate, from Trajan in AD 113/4.
827:. On this basis, Rome denied any reward to Pergamon and attempted to replace Eumenes with the future Attalus II, who refused to cooperate. These incidents cost Pergamon its privileged status with the Romans, who granted it no further territory.
491:. This mesa falls away sharply on the north, west, and east sides, but three natural terraces on the south side provide a route up to the top. To the west of the acropolis, the Selinus River (modern Bergamaçay) flows through the city, while the
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and had a theatre-shaped lecture hall beyond the northern stoa, which is probably of Roman date and a large banquet hall in the centre. Further rooms of uncertain function were accessible from the stoas. In the west was a south-facing
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The upper terrace measured 150 x 70 metres square, making it the largest of the three terraces. It consisted of a courtyard surrounded by stoas and other structures, measuring roughly 36 x 74 metres. This complex is identified as a
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worked on the Asklepieion in particular, but also carried out important work on the lower city as a whole and performed survey work, which increased knowledge of the countryside surrounding the city. In 1971, after a short pause,
2180:. About 9.5 metres in front of the east-facing building, there was an altar, which was 7 metres long and 2.3 metres wide. The temple and the altar were built for Demeter by Philetaerus, his brother Eumenes, and their mother Boa.
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was opened for them in 1907. The work was continued by Conze, who aimed for the most complete possible exposure and investigation of the historic city and citadel that was possible. He was followed by the architectural historian
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for which he had undertaken planning work and topographical studies, he returned in 1869 and began to focus intensively on the legacy of the city. In 1871, he organised a small expedition there under the leadership of
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It would seem that Hadrian had a definite impact upon the Pergamene sanctuary and this is best articulated in the creation of a new god here, the syncretic universal deity Zeus-Asclepius to whom a temple was built on
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identified as the boys' gymnasium. The middle terrace was around 250 metres long and 70 metres wide at the centre. On its north side there was a two-story hall. In the east part of the terrace there was a small
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in 281–133 BC under the Attalid dynasty, who transformed it into one of the major cultural centres of the Greek world. Many remains of its monuments can still be seen and especially the masterpiece of the
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In the east part of the courtyard, there were more than ten rows of seating laid out in front of the northern stoa for participants in the mysteries of Demeter. Roughly 800 initiates could fit in these seats.
1803:, as both Zeus and Trajan were worshiped in the Temple, the former sharing it with the latter. The temple sits on a 2.9-metre-high (9.5 ft) podium on top of a vaulted terrace. The temple itself was a
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from 1900 to 1911, who was responsible for the most important discoveries. Under his leadership the Lower Agora, the House of Attalos, the Gymnasion, and the Sanctuary of Demeter were brought to light.
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The street included a drainage system, which carried the water down the slope. Since it was the most important street of the city, the quality of the material used in its construction was very high.
773:, Eumenes was able to appropriate the area down to the coast and some way inland. Despite this increase of his domain, Eumenes did not take a royal title. In 238 his successor Attalus I defeated the
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worship. Beginning in the Roman period, his image appears on civic coinage and he is said to have had a heroon in the city. Even so, he provided a further, deliberately crafted link to the world of
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The Sanctuary of Demeter occupied an area of 50 x 110 metres on the middle level of the south slope of the citadel. The sanctuary was old; its activity can be traced back to the fourth century BC.
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to the west and a building whose function is very unclear to the east. The two terraces were linked by a staircase of eleven steps around 7.5 metres wide, descending from the front of the temple.
1701:, the battle between the Olympian gods and the Giants. The frieze is 2.30 metres high and has a total length of 113 metres, making it the second longest frieze surviving from antiquity, after the
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855:, meaning "from Pergamon". Despite this etymology, parchment had been used in Asia Minor long before the rise of the city; the story that it was invented by the Pergamenes, to circumvent the
1814:. To the north, the area was closed off by a high stoa, while on the west and east sides it was surrounded by simple ashlar walls, until further stoas were inserted in Hadrian's reign.
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The sanctuary was entered through a Propylon from the east, which led to a courtyard surrounded by stoas on three sides. In the centre of the western half of this courtyard, stood the
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dates from the Hellenistic period and had space for around 10,000 people, in 78 rows of seats. At a height of 36 metres, it is the steepest of all ancient theatres. The seating area (
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However, for the Attalids, it was apparently the genealogical connection to Heracles that was crucial, since all the other Hellenistic dynasties had long established such links: the
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Kleinasien und Byzanz. Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Altertumskunde und Kunstgeschichte. Martin Schede zu seinem sechzigsten Geburtstag am 20. Oktober 1943 im Manuskript überreicht.
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at the mouth of the Caicus served as the port of Pergamon. The climate is Mediterranean with a dry period from May to August, as is common along the west coast of Asia Minor.
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cliff-face and terracing had to be carried out. A consequence of the city's growth was the construction of new buildings over old ones, since there was not sufficient space.
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2557:. This pool was 35 metres higher than the summit of the citadel. The pipe from the pool to the Acropolis consisted of only a single channel – a lead pipe pressurised to 200
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in Turkish), about one kilometre (0.62 miles) south of the Acropolis at (39 7' 19" N, 27 11' 1" E). It consists of a main building and two round towers within an enormous
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1563:, he quickly initiated a programme for the excavation and protection of the monuments connected to the sculpture, which were widely suspected to include the Great Altar.
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Attalos I and Eumenes II constructed victory monuments, most notably the Gallic dedications. The northern stoa seems to have been the site of the Library of Pergamon.
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138–133. Philetaerus controlled only Pergamon and its immediate environs, but the city acquired much new territory under Eumenes I. In particular, after the Battle of
581:
under Xenophon's command ended at Pergamon in 400/399 BC. Xenophon, who calls the city Pergamos, handed over the rest of his Greek troops (some 5,000 men according to
2134:, but the visible part of the temple was made of marble, or at least had a marble cladding. The base of the cult image inside the cella supported three cult statues.
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for detailed analysis, where they received some interest, but not a lot. It is not clear who connected these fragments with the Great Altar in Pergamon mentioned by
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Description de l'Asie Mineure: faite par ordre du gouvernement français en 1833–1837; beaux-arts, monuments historiques, plans et topographie des cités antiques
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1044:(the god of healing) was expanded into a lavish spa. This sanctuary grew in fame and was considered one of the most famous healing centers of the Roman world.
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refers to the city as the most important in the province and the local aristocracy continued to reach the highest circles of power in the 1st century AD, like
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The surviving remains of the inscription on the architrave indicate that the building was the temple of Hera Basileia and that it was erected by Attalus II.
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Most of the finds from the Pergamon excavations before the First World War were taken to the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, with a smaller portion going to the
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the Telephus myth is already connected with the area of Mysia. Searching for his mother, Telephus visits Mysia on the advice of an oracle. There he becomes
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Melfi, Milena (2010). "Rebuilding the Myth of Asklepios at the Sanctuary of Epidauros in the Roman Period". In Rizakēs, A. D.; Lepenioti, Cl. E. (eds.).
1998:
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Pergamon: The Telephos Friez from the Great Altar; [exhibition, The Metrolopitan Museum of Art, New York, N. Y., 16 January - 14 April 1996...]
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constructed, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long and enclosing an area of approximately 90 hectares (220 acres). The Attalids' goal was to create a second
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Die Stadtgrabung. Die hellenistischen und römischen Wohnhäuser von Pergamon. Unter Berücksichtigung der Anlagen zwischen der Mittel- und der Ostgasse
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spectacular and focussed on the two new structures looming over it, especially the altar which was visible on its terrace from below since the usual
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1710:, the son of Heracles and mythical founder of Pergamon. This frieze is around 1.60 metres high and thus is clearly smaller than the outer frieze.
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1404:). With his mother, he was said to have fled to Mysia where he killed the ruler of Teuthrania and gave the city his own name. There he built a
777:, to whom Pergamon had paid tribute under Eumenes I. Attalus thereafter declared himself leader of an entirely independent Pergamene kingdom.
660:, circa 450 BC. The name of the city ΠΕΡΓ ("PERG"), appears for the first on this coinage, and is the first evidence for the name of the city.
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5140:"The Seductive Elegance and Startling Cruelty of Greece's Baroque Age: Power, Pathos and Prestige in Pergamon and Other Hellenistic Kingdoms"
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made important sketches. A proper, multi-page description with plans, elevations, and views of the city and its ruins was first produced by
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Ulrike Wulf, "Der Stadtplan von Pergamon. Zu Entwicklung und Stadtstruktur von der Neugründung unter Philetairos bis in spätantike Zeit,"
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Ulrike Wulf, "Der Stadtplan von Pergamon. Zu Entwicklung und Stadtstruktur von der Neugründung unter Philetairos bis in spätantike Zeit,"
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Theatre of Pergamon, one of the steepest theatres in the world, has a capacity of 10,000 people and was constructed in the 3rd century BC.
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In the late 18th century, these visits were reinforced by a scholarly (especially ancient historical) desire for research, epitomised by
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2561:. The water was able to cross the valley between the pool and the citadel with the help of this pressurised conduit. It functioned as a
1775:. Coming from the Upper market, one could enter this from a tower-building at the south end. This terrace had no space for the circular
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Sabine Müller, "Genealogie und Legitimation in den hellenistischen Reichen," in Hartwin Brandt, Katrin Köhler, Ulrike Siewert (ed.),
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4251:, "Wo nur sind die Bürger von Pergamon? Eine Phänomenologie bürgerlicher Unscheinbarkeit im städtischen Raum der Königsresidenz."
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552:, thanks to modest archaeological finds, especially fragments of pottery imported from the west, particularly eastern Greece and
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Das Gebäude mit dem Podiensaal in der Stadtgrabung von Pergamon. Studien zu sakralen Banketträumen mit Liegepodien in der Antike
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919:. The city itself was declared free and served briefly as capital of the province, before this distinction was transferred to
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temple, about 18 metres wide with six columns on the short sides and nine columns on the long sides, and two rows of columns
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granted the city a third neocorate, but a decline had already set in. The economic strength of Pergamon collapsed during the
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In the middle of the 2nd century Pergamon was one of the largest cities in the province, and had around 200,000 inhabitants.
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2230:
Three kilometres (1.9 miles) south of the Acropolis (at 39° 7′ 9″ N, 27° 9′ 56″ E), down in the valley, is the Sanctuary of
1547:. As a result of this short but intensive investigation, two fragments of a great frieze were discovered and transported to
14873:
8261:
8074:
6160:
5116:
530:
The Caicus valley is mostly composed of volcanic rock, particularly andesite, and the Pergamon massif is also an intrusive
15051:
14918:
14916:
14855:
1600:, who remained in this post until 1939. He concentrated on further excavation of the upper city, the Asklepieion, and the
1357:
was located in Pergamon near the Caicus. Pergamon thus entered the Trojan epic cycle, with its ruler said to have been an
879:
When Attalus III died without an heir in 133 BC, he bequeathed the whole of Pergamon to Rome. This was challenged by
14805:
5165:
3684:
3569:"1,800-year-old Geometric Patterned Mosaic Found In The Ancient Greek City Pergamon Now Modern Turkey – Greek City Times"
989:
3132:
1951:, but are instead composed of three of triglyphs and three metopes. The columns of the temple are unfluted and retained
1349:, but Pergamon does not seem to have played any role in any of them. The adaptation of the myth is not entirely smooth.
14839:
6782:
6472:
6165:
6099:
14868:
14857:
14910:
6170:
6145:
4614:
4571:
4552:
4533:
4514:
4095:
4052:
3761:
3617:
3601:
3518:
3440:
3364:
3340:
3316:
3295:
3073:
2965:
2907:
14844:
1822:
9399:
7979:
6728:
6155:
6150:
2275:
14895:
2176:. The rest of the structure was of Hellenistic date, built in local marble and had a marble frieze decorated with
1681:
museum in Berlin, where the parts of the frieze taken to Germany have been installed in a partial reconstruction.
14850:
8067:
6622:
6482:
6477:
5754:
5082:
2409:
1636:
In May 2022, archaeologists announced the discovery of a 1,800-year-old well-preserved geometric patterned floor
1487:
The first mention of Pergamon in written records after ancient times comes from the 13th century. Beginning with
900:
14879:
5128:
The Theatre at Pergamon. The Ancient Theatre Archive. Theatre specifications and virtual reality tour of theatre
3637:
3115:
2770:
1626:
1618:
vital importance for maintaining the material remains of Pergamon. Since 2006, the excavations have been led by
819:
in 188 BC. The kingdom's territories thus reached their greatest extent. Eumenes II supported Rome again in the
67:
15299:
14905:
14889:
12762:
8561:
8104:
8006:
6647:
6061:
5158:
3064:
1776:
1063:, was born at Pergamon and received his early training at the Asclepieion. At the beginning of the 3rd century
14874:
14863:
14846:
4973:
Das Asklepieion. Der nördliche Temenosbezirk und angrenzende Anlagen in hellenistischer und frührömischer Zeit
1376:
hero of the city. He also belonged to the broader cycle of myths related to the Trojan War as the grandson of
623:, satrap of Mysia, used Pergamon as his base for an unsuccessful revolt against the Persian Empire. Only with
15289:
14878:
14848:
11471:
9794:
8001:
7558:
7051:
6567:
6487:
6185:
5895:
4924:
1309:, encompassing the area between Pergamon and the mouth of the Caicus. Telephus refuses to participate in the
1156:
981:
586:
14901:
3495:„Pergamo ara marmorea magna, alta pedes quadraginta, cum maximis sculpturis; continet autem gigantomachiam.“
3103:
2738:
267:
54:
15161:
15139:
14919:
14621:
13247:
10702:
8581:
7974:
6503:
5957:
3417:
Inter- und intragenerationelle Auseinandersetzungen sowie die Bedeutung von Verwandtschaft bei Amtswechseln
2697:
14880:
14854:
4090:. Roman Peloponnese. Vol. 3. Athēna: Kentron Hellēnikēs kai Rōmaikēs Archaiotētos. pp. 329–340.
2012:
The Heroön – a shrine where the kings of Pergamon, particularly Attalus I and Eumenes II, were worshipped.
14899:
14896:
14611:
13455:
7029:
6637:
6513:
6175:
6129:
6084:
5860:
5549:
4596:
1314:
1068:
14920:
14875:
14859:
14847:
14841:
7568:
4042:
3183:
2565:, such that the water rose to the height of the citadel on its own as a result of the pressurised pipe.
15115:
14881:
12057:
11829:
11025:
7690:
7563:
6696:
6691:
6667:
6577:
6094:
5192:
2054:
14913:
14906:
14887:
2114:
The temple was about 7 metres wide by 12 metres long, and sat on a three-stepped foundation. It was a
741:. In 281 BC the kingdom of Thrace collapsed and Philetaerus became an independent ruler, founding the
15314:
14872:
14871:
14867:
14862:
14853:
12517:
12447:
8275:
8048:
7991:
6947:
6750:
6735:
6657:
6592:
5912:
5807:
5281:
5215:
3260:
2265:
in some sources, referred to as the Temple of Zeus Asclepius, or the Temple of Zeus Asclepius Soter (
2029:
1858:
1488:
1472:
1033:
17:
14882:
6559:
6539:
5737:
5395:
5106:
4047:. Altertümer von Pergamon (in German). Vol. 8. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. p. 13.
3710:
1091:
for the first time. As a result of the ongoing Arab threat, the area of settlement retracted to the
15319:
14897:
14894:
14892:
14511:
14176:
11230:
9969:
9739:
8964:
6745:
6708:
6642:
6308:
6195:
5127:
4506:
3173:
3111:
1993:
1516:
1358:
1281:
1152:
291:
14861:
14860:
14852:
1958:
A two-story stoa surrounding the temple on three sides was added under Eumenes II, along with the
1867:
During the excavations fragments of statues of Trajan and Hadrian were found in the rubble of the
1368:
On the other hand, the story was linked to the foundation of the city with another myth – that of
15124:
15075:
15038:
14885:
14516:
13720:
13635:
11786:
11305:
10977:
10962:
10567:
10409:
8929:
8814:
8028:
7152:
6952:
6937:
6740:
6723:
6703:
6672:
6572:
6508:
6124:
6109:
6079:
6040:
5917:
5769:
5271:
4277:
Klaus Rheidt, "Die Obere Agora. Zur Entwicklung des hellenistischen Stadtzentrums von Pergamon."
4264:
Klaus Rheidt, "Die Obere Agora. Zur Entwicklung des hellenistischen Stadtzentrums von Pergamon."
4235:
Klaus Rheidt, "Die Obere Agora. Zur Entwicklung des hellenistischen Stadtzentrums von Pergamon."
4222:
Klaus Rheidt, "Die Obere Agora. Zur Entwicklung des hellenistischen Stadtzentrums von Pergamon."
3033:
2858:
2849:
2617:
2401:
2217:
1931:
Pergamon's oldest temple is a sanctuary of Athena from the 4th century BC. It was a north-facing
1758:
1170:
in 1071. Attacks in 1109 and 1113 largely destroyed the city, which was only rebuilt, by Emperor
600:, at this location in March 399 BC. At this time Pergamon was in the possession of the family of
15061:
14893:
5096:
4581:
Nagy, Gregory (1998). "The Library of Pergamon as a Classical Model". In Koester, Helmut (ed.).
4488:
Grewe, Klaus; Özis, Ünal (1994). "Die antiken Flußüberbauungen von Pergamon und Nysa (Türkei)".
4424:
3737:
The temple could actually have been for the worship of both Zeus and Hadrian with the latter as
14877:
14866:
14751:
14231:
13550:
12487:
11957:
11561:
10907:
10389:
8899:
8090:
7986:
6989:
6760:
6718:
6652:
6617:
6069:
6053:
5749:
5690:
5539:
5534:
2589:
1216:
1201:
1197:
1137:
946:
935:
800:
466:
15169:
14884:
4396:
Klaus Grewe, Ünal Özis, et al. "Die antiken Flußüberbauungen von Pergamon und Nysa (Türkei),"
2955:
2897:
1297:, is not mentioned in Greek myth or epic of the archaic or classical periods. However, in the
14912:
14900:
14641:
14291:
13735:
13700:
13650:
13370:
12492:
11140:
9894:
9789:
9629:
8944:
8576:
8214:
8038:
7267:
7257:
7247:
7232:
6922:
6662:
6632:
6587:
6582:
6213:
6180:
5982:
5887:
5873:
5529:
5400:
5364:
4016:
2939:
2927: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
2648:
2627:
2605:
2562:
2070:, known as the Basement Stadium is located between the middle terrace and the upper terrace.
1982:
1209:
1004:
950:
916:
844:
793:
14691:
4439:
Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften. Abhandlungen. Klasse für Sprachen, Literatur und Kunst
3973:. VI, pp. 102–110, Tables I-II, IV–V, VI–VII, VIII, X–XI, XVIII, XXXII, XXXIII, XXXIV, XXXV.
2130:
for each span in the entablature. All the other buildings in the sanctuary were made out of
14341:
13770:
13695:
13630:
13505:
13355:
13132:
12767:
12757:
12337:
12262:
12052:
12042:
11992:
11952:
11365:
11355:
11340:
11270:
10867:
10857:
10792:
10627:
10527:
10154:
10019:
9904:
8914:
8869:
7510:
7504:
7490:
6974:
6932:
6904:
6789:
6602:
5832:
5628:
2433:
1720:, the faith of the Pergamon believers, who "dwell where Satan's throne is" is commended by
1560:
1441:
1228:
908:
884:
835:, a cultural and artistic hub of the Greek world. They remodeled their Acropolis after the
820:
789:
10990:
4417:
Leichtweiss-Institut für Wasserbau der Technischen Universität Braunschweig – Mitteilungen
3899:
8:
14828:
14756:
14721:
14636:
14631:
14601:
14501:
14436:
14186:
14126:
13675:
13565:
13350:
13202:
13017:
12917:
12672:
12452:
12272:
11887:
11872:
11626:
11441:
10917:
10817:
10802:
10722:
10717:
10617:
10224:
10219:
9954:
9734:
9209:
9204:
8779:
8694:
8606:
8497:
7641:
7611:
6999:
6894:
6889:
6326:
5641:
5554:
5524:
5478:
5241:
2633:
2558:
2352:
1976:
1437:
1425:
1167:
840:
823:, but the Romans heard rumours of his conducting secret negotiations with their opponent
785:
711:
624:
573:
457:
251:
15110:
10732:
4894:
4891:
4867:
4864:
4854:
4851:
4837:
4816:
4803:
4786:
4738:
2297:
the Via Tecta (or the Sacred Way, which is a colonnaded street leading to the sanctuary)
2005:
Other notable structures still in existence on the upper part of the Acropolis include:
1585:
14907:
14786:
14671:
14646:
14266:
14106:
14000:
13930:
13340:
12997:
12962:
12622:
12342:
12322:
12212:
12022:
12012:
11907:
11882:
11536:
11405:
10782:
10587:
9979:
9719:
9704:
9529:
9369:
9029:
8834:
7858:
7755:
7661:
7305:
7222:
7110:
6612:
6436:
5952:
5932:
5789:
5660:
5544:
5339:
5266:
4980:
Das Asklepieion. Die Kultbauten aus römischer Zeit an der Ostseite des Heiligen Bezirks
4918:
4908:
4881:
4834:
4813:
4800:
4783:
4720:
4700:
2825:, "Zur ältesten Besiedlungsgeschichte der unteren Kaïkos-Ebene," in Kurt Bittel (ed.):
2554:
2450:
Pergamon is a good example of a city that expanded in a planned and controlled manner.
2417:
2360:
2242:, the most famous doctor in the ancient Roman Empire and personal physician of Emperor
1717:
1538:
visited Pergamon for the first time. For the construction of the road from Pergamon to
1265:
urns transported from the ruins of Pergamon and placed on two sides of the nave in the
1088:
1037:
824:
774:
473:
453:
15046:
11466:
11150:
2960:. Blackwell History of the Ancient World. Vol. 13. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
2090:
in Roman times. Further Roman baths were constructed to the west of the Ionic temple.
15259:
14606:
14496:
14361:
14241:
14136:
14031:
14005:
13935:
13905:
13440:
13415:
13375:
13345:
13330:
13295:
13152:
12852:
12772:
12647:
12457:
12282:
12242:
12207:
12197:
12177:
12122:
11937:
11912:
11892:
11636:
11611:
11531:
11426:
11330:
11310:
11275:
10937:
10862:
10652:
10612:
10557:
10184:
10149:
9899:
9869:
9649:
9374:
9194:
8839:
8829:
8611:
8556:
8034:
7933:
7520:
7069:
6917:
6869:
6713:
6682:
6627:
6544:
6421:
6293:
6114:
5947:
5900:
5840:
5714:
5696:
5672:
5654:
5609:
5564:
5559:
5210:
5070:
Die byzantinischen Befestigungsanlagen von Pergamon mit ihrer Wehr- und Baugeschichte
4966:
Das Asklepieion. Der südliche Temenosbezirk in hellenistischer und frührömischer Zeit
4792:
4610:
4567:
4548:
4529:
4510:
4420:
4101:
4091:
4066:
4058:
4048:
3757:
3613:
3597:
3436:
3433:
Attalidische Herrscherbildnisse. Studien zur hellenistischen Porträtplastik Pergamons
3420:
3360:
3336:
3312:
3291:
3142:
3069:
3059:
2961:
2903:
2611:
2599:
1872:
1608:
also caused a break in work at Pergamon, which lasted until 1957. From 1957 to 1968,
1476:
1242:
1205:
1171:
959:
873:
653:
609:
202:
14731:
4741:
4543:
Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (2003). "The Attalids of Pergamon". In Erskine, Andrew (ed.).
1981:
The Library of Pergamon was the second largest in the ancient Greek world after the
510:
106:
15015:
14766:
14716:
14131:
14021:
14010:
13980:
13855:
13795:
13660:
13520:
13037:
13007:
12707:
12557:
12532:
12397:
12357:
12347:
12317:
12292:
12182:
12162:
12157:
11922:
11809:
11771:
11581:
11185:
11090:
10712:
10542:
10517:
10507:
10482:
10459:
10339:
10084:
10079:
9964:
9934:
9879:
9764:
9749:
9589:
9449:
9384:
9379:
9274:
9144:
9119:
8939:
8889:
8844:
8819:
7863:
7395:
7360:
7177:
7034:
6912:
6799:
6794:
6119:
6074:
5905:
5812:
5428:
5261:
5246:
5236:
4943:
3803:
3722:
2372:
2364:
2169:
2063:
1955:, but it is not clear whether this was a result of carelessness or incompleteness.
1804:
1702:
1605:
1224:
1186:
1114:
904:
365:
330:
14026:
5132:
4998:
Das Asklepieion. Die Platzhallen und die zugehörigen Annexbauten in römischer Zeit
3798:
2234:, the god of healing. The Sanctuary of Asclepius, more commonly left untranslated
2145:
15232:
14939:
14416:
14396:
14351:
14346:
14271:
14246:
14141:
14076:
14015:
13985:
13915:
13800:
13725:
13690:
13585:
13465:
13460:
13445:
13395:
13280:
13275:
13265:
13127:
13102:
13087:
12912:
12652:
12552:
12467:
12367:
12327:
12277:
12217:
12167:
12152:
11982:
11711:
11461:
11456:
11290:
11165:
11085:
11035:
10947:
10439:
10204:
10144:
10109:
10064:
10029:
9939:
9844:
9654:
9554:
9134:
8894:
8849:
8467:
8397:
8378:
7878:
7636:
7424:
7237:
6979:
6845:
6777:
6104:
5702:
5684:
5678:
5592:
5569:
5443:
5354:
5314:
5251:
4843:
4826:
4696:
3906:
2533:
2345:
2243:
1963:
1669:
1597:
1593:
1580:
1556:
1552:
1118:
1051:
A model of the acropolis of Pergamon, showing the situation in the 2nd century CE
1032:. An ambitious building programme was carried out: massive temples, a stadium, a
985:
816:
796:
742:
531:
15178:
14686:
8642:
7903:
7616:
4041:
Habicht, Christian; Wörrle, Michael; Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (1969).
1458:) and referring to Pergamon itself in poetic registers as the 'Telephian city' (
1365:
when he landed at the Caicus, mistook it for Troy and began to ravage the land.
15173:
15098:
14651:
14471:
14461:
14426:
14286:
14201:
13790:
13730:
13710:
13625:
12927:
12922:
12902:
12862:
12817:
12782:
12732:
12617:
12577:
12462:
12437:
12362:
12257:
12227:
12112:
12027:
12007:
12002:
11962:
11902:
11859:
11731:
10807:
10642:
10597:
10497:
10384:
10344:
10269:
10249:
10209:
10129:
10124:
9679:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9564:
9509:
9339:
9314:
9239:
9044:
9024:
8874:
8749:
8729:
8566:
8363:
8230:
7760:
7700:
7695:
7651:
7432:
7380:
7370:
7350:
7340:
7084:
7079:
7074:
5927:
5726:
5720:
5708:
5508:
5483:
5256:
5181:
5122:
5101:
4993:
4040:
3594:
Der Pergamonaltar. Die neue Präsentation nach Restaurierung des Telephosfrieses
3519:"Darstellung der Forschungsgeschichte seit Carl Humann auf der Website des DAI"
3127:
3119:
2413:
2173:
2086:, the central sanctuary of the gymnasium. The eastern area was replaced with a
1721:
1664:
1659:
1630:
1576:
1524:
1389:
1254:
1250:
1220:
1163:
1129:
1076:
912:
781:
612:
who had taken refuge in Asia Minor and obtained the territory of Pergamon from
597:
549:
524:
462:
418:
398:
31:
14661:
14146:
13835:
4900:
4631:. Translated by Brownson, Carleton L. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2045:
1800:
1285:
Founding of Pergamon: depiction from the Telephos frieze of the Pergamon altar
1071:, as the city was badly damaged in an earthquake in 262 and was sacked by the
737:, took possession in 301 BC, and the town was enlarged by his lieutenant
518:
Pergamon lies on the north edge of the Caicus plain in the historic region of
15248:
15220:
14978:
14481:
14376:
13995:
13990:
13945:
13895:
13780:
13570:
13540:
13475:
13022:
12657:
12482:
12442:
12147:
12062:
12047:
11947:
11927:
11285:
10985:
10837:
10687:
10532:
10449:
10349:
10259:
10199:
10159:
9874:
9774:
9729:
9664:
9499:
9404:
9364:
9349:
9199:
9164:
8934:
8879:
8789:
8734:
8699:
8681:
8631:
8529:
7996:
7913:
7888:
7578:
7500:
7182:
7125:
7024:
7014:
6984:
6966:
6840:
5992:
5774:
5666:
5622:
5584:
5423:
5344:
4822:
4062:
3248:
3235:
3222:
3209:
3196:
3146:
3123:
3107:
2928:
2405:
2356:
1714:
1544:
1508:
804:
470:
438:
147:
134:
4105:
2540:
in the centre of Bergama is the largest bridge substruction from antiquity.
2323:
Pergamon's other notable structure is the great temple of the Egyptian gods
425:. It is located 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the modern coastline of the
15183:
14486:
14441:
14391:
14181:
14116:
13810:
13645:
13545:
13325:
13172:
13052:
12882:
12747:
12562:
12372:
12232:
12072:
11736:
11641:
11320:
11240:
11175:
11115:
11110:
10852:
10547:
10467:
10394:
10379:
10279:
10164:
9909:
9854:
9389:
7813:
7765:
7631:
7485:
7355:
6994:
6830:
6336:
6298:
5997:
4873:
4758:
4070:
2642:
2537:
2393:
2332:
2317:
2165:
2098:
2083:
1962:
in the southeast corner, which is now found, largely reconstructed, in the
1698:
1601:
1266:
593:
578:
206:
11794:
11566:
11005:
3522:
2285:
a circular treatment center (sometimes known as the Temple of Telesphorus)
895:. For a period he enjoyed success, defeating and killing the Roman consul
14986:
14541:
14371:
14296:
14216:
14206:
14066:
13820:
13555:
13510:
13360:
13057:
12692:
12547:
12522:
11897:
11766:
11646:
11601:
11345:
11145:
11080:
11060:
10832:
10727:
10502:
10434:
10294:
10094:
9949:
9884:
9759:
9599:
9444:
9174:
9049:
8979:
8824:
8719:
8601:
8513:
8348:
8305:
8059:
7833:
7725:
7705:
7533:
7041:
7019:
7009:
7004:
6927:
6884:
6431:
6341:
6331:
6218:
6208:
5972:
5349:
5324:
4470:
4456:
2822:
2387:
2376:
2312:
2235:
2157:
2115:
2080:
1938:
temple with six columns on the short side and ten on the long side and a
1932:
1896:
1694:
1535:
1381:
1141:
1096:
1060:
880:
770:
762:
738:
695:
14591:
13515:
8198:
7538:
3741:
with the former, as Trajan shared the temple of Zeus Philios at Pergamon
2192:
The lower part of the Acropolis also contains the following structures:
1155:. It was again rebuilt and refortified after the Arabs abandoned their
1047:
931:
745:. His family ruled Pergamon from 281 until 133 BC: Philetaerus 281–263;
632:, as well as the walls and foundations of the altar in the sanctuary of
15065:
15028:
14996:
14761:
14676:
14656:
14561:
14521:
14466:
14381:
14321:
14251:
14071:
14056:
14051:
14041:
13900:
13775:
13605:
13495:
13177:
13122:
13072:
13067:
13002:
12977:
12967:
12957:
12947:
12942:
12892:
12872:
12837:
12792:
12742:
12722:
12682:
12542:
12417:
12407:
12222:
12127:
12107:
11987:
11819:
11804:
11631:
11501:
11395:
11350:
11260:
11195:
11065:
10872:
10772:
10747:
10324:
10284:
10214:
10189:
10104:
9779:
9684:
9544:
9504:
9469:
9394:
9179:
9099:
8505:
8452:
8392:
8387:
8323:
8290:
7770:
7740:
7735:
7720:
7606:
7573:
7242:
7212:
6879:
6607:
6441:
6283:
6278:
6268:
6253:
6238:
6228:
6203:
5579:
5334:
5289:
3726:
2368:
2087:
1935:
1807:
1493:
1421:
1393:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1021:
812:
758:
754:
730:
652:, wearing the Persian cap on the reverse, as ruler of Pergamon for the
561:
557:
430:
426:
14797:
13920:
11410:
8333:
4648:(2nd revised and expanded ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
4415:. Leichtweiss-Institut für Wasserbau, Braunschweig 1981, pp. 275–290 (
4413:
Vorträge der Tagung Wasser im Antiken Hellas in Athen, 4./5. Juni 1981
4411:
Boris Ilakovac, "Unbekannte Herstellungsmethode römischer Bleirohre."
3545:"1,800-year-old geometric patterned mosaic found in Turkey's Pergamon"
3404:
Die politische Rolle der Heraklesgestalt im griechischen Herrschertum.
3391:
Die politische Rolle der Heraklesgestalt im griechischen Herrschertum.
3378:
Die politische Rolle der Heraklesgestalt im griechischen Herrschertum.
1861:
minted in Pergamon depicting Trajan sharing a temple with Zeus Philios
1799:, the Traianeum or Trajaneum. The Temple is also called the Temple of
1744:
1566:
280:
15000:
14736:
14701:
14596:
14546:
14526:
14506:
14491:
14476:
14331:
14326:
14301:
14281:
14171:
14121:
14091:
13970:
13875:
13850:
13830:
13815:
13755:
13740:
13655:
13535:
13400:
13380:
13320:
13300:
13260:
13255:
13147:
13092:
13047:
12972:
12952:
12897:
12887:
12842:
12807:
12787:
12777:
12752:
12727:
12712:
12702:
12687:
12612:
12607:
12597:
12537:
12477:
12472:
12387:
12377:
12332:
12202:
12192:
12137:
12102:
12037:
11741:
11716:
11691:
11616:
11521:
11451:
11431:
11421:
11250:
11245:
11215:
11190:
11180:
11160:
11135:
11055:
11030:
11010:
11000:
10927:
10902:
10882:
10477:
10419:
10369:
10364:
10334:
10329:
10289:
10274:
10229:
10089:
10014:
9864:
9834:
9784:
9689:
9604:
9434:
9354:
9334:
9224:
9159:
9089:
8999:
8859:
8809:
8724:
8586:
7745:
7671:
7656:
7626:
7621:
7553:
7477:
7462:
7447:
7390:
7290:
6942:
6874:
6446:
6426:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6351:
6346:
6316:
6263:
6223:
6002:
5868:
5822:
5802:
5433:
5304:
4087:
Economy and Culture under the Roman Empire: Continuity and Innovation
3357:
Die politische Rolle der Heraklesgestalt im griechischen Herrschertum
3333:
Die politische Rolle der Heraklesgestalt im griechischen Herrschertum
2854:
2676:
2664:
2397:
2301:
2231:
2222:
2177:
2075:
1908:
1732:" refers to the Pergamon Altar, due to its resemblance to a gigantic
1579:, the reliefs discovered there were transported to Berlin, where the
1429:
1417:
1373:
1362:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1262:
1258:
1182:
1133:
1092:
1064:
1041:
973:
968:
856:
848:
836:
750:
746:
724:
699:
673:
620:
488:
4687:
The archaeological reports from Pergamon are published in German as
2993:
Elizabeth Kosmetatou, "The Attalids of Pergamon" in Andrew Erskine,
2982:
Alexander to Actium. The historical evolution of the Hellenistic age
2280:, who constructed the temple, dedicated it to this new syncretic god
1684:
15119:
14741:
14726:
14581:
14571:
14551:
14536:
14366:
14316:
14311:
14256:
14221:
14156:
14111:
13890:
13880:
13865:
13840:
13670:
13665:
13595:
13525:
13490:
13480:
13470:
13430:
13425:
13420:
13390:
13315:
13305:
13270:
13232:
13217:
13211:
13187:
13157:
13142:
13117:
13097:
13062:
13027:
12987:
12937:
12857:
12797:
12717:
12697:
12667:
12662:
12592:
12587:
12512:
12497:
12432:
12422:
12307:
12302:
12267:
12252:
12187:
12142:
12117:
12092:
12067:
11942:
11877:
11814:
11756:
11676:
11651:
11586:
11556:
11551:
11516:
11506:
11491:
11476:
11436:
11385:
11380:
11375:
11360:
11255:
11220:
11210:
11205:
11125:
11100:
11095:
11075:
11050:
10897:
10887:
10842:
10827:
10697:
10667:
10662:
10632:
10572:
10552:
10472:
10444:
10414:
10404:
10359:
10234:
10174:
10134:
10034:
9989:
9959:
9914:
9659:
9614:
9594:
9549:
9534:
9519:
9514:
9429:
9424:
9409:
9344:
9329:
9319:
9309:
9299:
9289:
9269:
9219:
9214:
9154:
9149:
9139:
9124:
9109:
9104:
9079:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9019:
9004:
8989:
8969:
8909:
8884:
8864:
8854:
8784:
8759:
8744:
8714:
8704:
8689:
8571:
8412:
8338:
8315:
8310:
8300:
8166:
7795:
7785:
7775:
7750:
7528:
7495:
7457:
7400:
7315:
7300:
7157:
7147:
7064:
7059:
6456:
6451:
6411:
6406:
6381:
6361:
6288:
6243:
6233:
6089:
5987:
5922:
5850:
4624:
4592:"The Idea of the Library as a Classical Model for European Culture"
4085:
3006:
2842:
2761:
The Pergamon Altar, P. v Zaubern, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, 1991
2692:
2670:
2621:
2583:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2059:
1959:
1944:
1899:
1811:
1707:
1512:
1413:
epic. Mithridates VI was celebrated in the city as a new Pergamus.
1377:
1369:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1270:
1246:
977:
955:
892:
888:
808:
649:
613:
601:
582:
568:
556:, which date to the late 8th century BC. Earlier habitation in the
484:
198:
13222:
7548:
4607:
Innocents Return Abroad: Exploring Ancient Sites in Western Turkey
4010:
3877:, "Die Bibliothek und die Kunstsammlung der Könige von Pergamon,"
2512:
1923:
1559:
took over direction of the department of ancient sculpture at the
15147:
15056:
15023:
14991:
14771:
14746:
14711:
14706:
14666:
14586:
14421:
14406:
14261:
14236:
14226:
14196:
14191:
14161:
14151:
14096:
14036:
13975:
13965:
13960:
13925:
13885:
13870:
13845:
13825:
13805:
13715:
13640:
13620:
13615:
13590:
13530:
13500:
13485:
13450:
13365:
13335:
13285:
13192:
13112:
13082:
13077:
13042:
13012:
12992:
12877:
12827:
12737:
12677:
12642:
12627:
12582:
12572:
12507:
12427:
12412:
12392:
12312:
12297:
12287:
12172:
12132:
12097:
12087:
12082:
12077:
12032:
11972:
11867:
11844:
11839:
11726:
11706:
11696:
11681:
11661:
11546:
11496:
11416:
11370:
11335:
11300:
11295:
11265:
11200:
11170:
11155:
11120:
11045:
11020:
10995:
10967:
10957:
10952:
10942:
10922:
10912:
10822:
10777:
10762:
10707:
10692:
10677:
10657:
10647:
10637:
10607:
10602:
10592:
10577:
10562:
10522:
10399:
10354:
10319:
10309:
10304:
10254:
10179:
10169:
10074:
10069:
10054:
10039:
10024:
9984:
9974:
9929:
9829:
9824:
9819:
9814:
9809:
9799:
9744:
9724:
9694:
9669:
9624:
9619:
9574:
9539:
9484:
9439:
9359:
9304:
9294:
9279:
9259:
9249:
9234:
9084:
9074:
8994:
8984:
8959:
8949:
8904:
8799:
8774:
8769:
8739:
8709:
8596:
8591:
8535:
8517:
8462:
8457:
8426:
8402:
8383:
8358:
8353:
8343:
8327:
8295:
8118:
7938:
7928:
7873:
7868:
7853:
7843:
7828:
7823:
7710:
7598:
7588:
7467:
7442:
7437:
7410:
7405:
7385:
7375:
7365:
7330:
7320:
7310:
7262:
7252:
7227:
7192:
7187:
7162:
6815:
6597:
6258:
6248:
6007:
5977:
5967:
5962:
5942:
5937:
5817:
5764:
5473:
5463:
5453:
5448:
5438:
5150:
4303:
W. Dörpfeld, "Die Arbeiten zu Pergamon 1901–1902. Die Bauwerke,"
3269:
2437:
2380:
2367:, was a victim of an early clash between Serapis worshippers and
2328:
2161:
2067:
1952:
1912:
1903:
1321:. This material was dealt with in a number of tragedies, such as
1181:), around 1170. It likely became the capital of the new theme of
1025:
1017:
920:
860:
705:
633:
605:
553:
442:
102:
8525:
7883:
7197:
4585:. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International. pp. 185–232.
1633:
was opened, which has received all finds discovered since then.
1575:
where he continued to work until 1886. With the approval of the
1040:
were constructed. In addition, at the city limits the shrine to
999:
567:
The earliest mention of Pergamon in literary sources comes from
15151:
14696:
14681:
14576:
14566:
14456:
14451:
14431:
14411:
14401:
14386:
14336:
14166:
14101:
14081:
14046:
13940:
13860:
13765:
13760:
13685:
13680:
13600:
13580:
13575:
13560:
13410:
13405:
13310:
13290:
13237:
13227:
13197:
13182:
13167:
13107:
13032:
12932:
12907:
12847:
12832:
12822:
12812:
12502:
12402:
12382:
12352:
12247:
11997:
11977:
11967:
11849:
11824:
11776:
11761:
11721:
11701:
11686:
11671:
11656:
11621:
11606:
11596:
11591:
11571:
11541:
11526:
11511:
11486:
11481:
11446:
11400:
11390:
11325:
11315:
11280:
11130:
11105:
11070:
11040:
10892:
10877:
10812:
10787:
10757:
10737:
10682:
10672:
10622:
10582:
10537:
10512:
10492:
10487:
10429:
10424:
10299:
10244:
10239:
10194:
10139:
10119:
10114:
10099:
10049:
10044:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9924:
9919:
9889:
9839:
9769:
9754:
9699:
9674:
9609:
9584:
9579:
9569:
9559:
9524:
9494:
9489:
9474:
9264:
9254:
9229:
9184:
9169:
9129:
9114:
9094:
9054:
9014:
9009:
8974:
8954:
8924:
8804:
8764:
8754:
8540:
8521:
8509:
8492:
8472:
8442:
8417:
8285:
8280:
8182:
8134:
7908:
7838:
7818:
7780:
7646:
7452:
7345:
7282:
7272:
7217:
6835:
6820:
6416:
6401:
6376:
6371:
6356:
6017:
6012:
5779:
5759:
5503:
5493:
5488:
5359:
5319:
5309:
5294:
5123:
Photographic tour of old and new Pergamon, including the museum
4437:
Klaffenbach, G. (1954). "Die Astynomeninschrift von Pergamon".
3266:
3179:
Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie
3159:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936 - Page 526
2476:
2383:
2127:
2108:
1948:
1947:, which usually consist of a sequence of two triglyphs and two
1796:
1733:
1725:
1673:
1637:
1548:
1539:
1433:
1405:
1397:
1385:
1107:
1029:
1012:
993:
939:
865:
847:. Pergamon was also a flourishing center for the production of
832:
766:
734:
719:
629:
590:
446:
434:
422:
188:
120:
110:
14838:
3068:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1628.
690:
15106:
15088:
14781:
14776:
14556:
14356:
14306:
14276:
14211:
14061:
13955:
13950:
13910:
13745:
13705:
13435:
13385:
13162:
13137:
12982:
12637:
12632:
12602:
12567:
12527:
12017:
11932:
11834:
11751:
11746:
11666:
11576:
11235:
11225:
11015:
10847:
10797:
10767:
10752:
10742:
10374:
10264:
10059:
9944:
9859:
9804:
9714:
9709:
9479:
9464:
9454:
9419:
9414:
9324:
9284:
9244:
9189:
9039:
9034:
8919:
8794:
8501:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8447:
8407:
8373:
8368:
8319:
7918:
7893:
7790:
7730:
7715:
7583:
7543:
7295:
7207:
7202:
7172:
7167:
7142:
6825:
6366:
6321:
6273:
5845:
5797:
5498:
5468:
5415:
5390:
5329:
5299:
2658:
2652:
2390:
2266:
2239:
1939:
1882:
Sanctuary of Dionysus at the north end of the theatre terrace
1868:
1729:
1459:
1453:
1410:
1113:
During the middle Byzantine period, the city was part of the
1072:
1056:
966:
Pergamon still remained a famous city, and was the seat of a
869:
784:
in the Hellenistic world. Attalus I allied with Rome against
677:
657:
519:
402:
210:
4675:(Revised ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4657:(3rd ed.). Istanbul: Türkiye Turing Ve Otomobil Kurumu.
1500:
were able to add nothing significant in their own accounts.
1136:
community in Pergamon, probably formed of refugees from the
1106:) fortified with a 6-meter-thick (20 ft) wall built of
374:
339:
15129:
14531:
14446:
14086:
13785:
13750:
13610:
13207:
12867:
12802:
12237:
11917:
10932:
10314:
9849:
9459:
8421:
7923:
7898:
7848:
7335:
7325:
3754:
Die Kapitellproduktion der römischen Kaiserzeit in Pergamon
2593:
2493:
2324:
1875:, as well as fragments of the cult statue of Zeus Philios.
1787:
1772:
1629:
after it was opened in 1891. After the First World War the
1401:
1354:
1318:
480:
380:
351:
345:
899:
and his army, but he was defeated in 129 BC by the consul
548:
Settlement of Pergamon can be detected as far back as the
386:
15083:
11799:
3801:, "Ein neues hellenistisches Weihepigramm aus Pergamon,"
1515:
from 1784 to 1791. At the beginning of the 19th century,
1507:, a traveller in Asia Minor and French ambassador to the
1424:
inserted Heracles into their family tree in the reign of
780:
The Attalids became some of the most loyal supporters of
479:
The city is centered on a 335-metre-high (1,100 ft)
377:
342:
4402:. Vol. 25, No. 4 (1994) pp. 348–352 (pp. 350 & 352).
1440:, who claimed descent from Heracles, through his father
1428:
at the end of the 3rd century BC at the latest, and the
4344:
Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole
4331:
Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole
4318:
Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole
4292:
Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole
4211:
Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole
4198:
Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole
4173:
Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole
4160:
Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole
4147:
Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole
4012:
The Impact of the Roman Empire on the Cult of Asclepius
3831:
Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole
3818:
Pergamon: Geschichte und Bauten einer antiken Metropole
2211:
1305:' son-in-law or foster-son and inherits his kingdom of
1024:
in 123 and thereby elevated it above its local rivals,
958:. The members of the Pergamene aristocracy, especially
8191:
4987:
Das Asklepieion. Via Tecta und Hallenstraße. Die Funde
2249:
Notable extant structures in the Asclepieion include:
2107:
facing to the south, with a 6-metre-wide (20 ft)
1596:
and were only resumed in 1927 under the leadership of
1151:). In 716, Pergamon was sacked again by the armies of
4953:
Volume X: Ákos von Szalay – Erich Boehringer et al.:
1795:
On the highest point of the citadel is the Temple of
1467:
1436:. All of these claims derive their significance from
883:, who claimed to be Attalus III's brother and led an
589:, who was planning an expedition against the Persian
389:
354:
2168:, measuring 6.45 x 12.7 metres, with a porch in the
1059:, the most famous physician of antiquity aside from
371:
336:
3658:
article published in 2013, accessed 10 October 2018
2602:(2nd or 3rd century BC), Greek writer and engineer.
954:Pergamene goods were among the luxuries enjoyed by
680:(including Pergamon), Adramyteion. Circa 357-352 BC
383:
368:
348:
333:
14969:
3480:. Volume 2, Paris 1849, pp. 217–237, tbl. 116–127.
3309:New heroes in antiquity: from Achilles to Antinoos
2436:Panoramic view of Pergamon and the modern city of
1767:) is divided horizontally by two walkways, called
1505:Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier
911:, with the bulk of its territory becoming the new
8672:
4861:Das Gymnasion. Der Tempelbezirk der Hera Basileia
3990:. 3rd edition. Hirmer, München 1980, pp. 437–440.
3776:. 3rd edition. Hirmer, München 1980, pp. 434–435.
3674:. 3rd edition. Hirmer, München 1980, pp. 439–440.
3311:. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 2010,
2226:View of Acropolis from the Sanctuary of Asclepius
262:Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape
15246:
8260:
4955:Die hellenistischen Arsenale. Garten der Königin
3853:. 3. Auflage. Hirmer, München 1980, pp. 425–429.
3787:Die Kulte und Heiligtümer der Götter in Pergamon
3772:. Vol. 2; earlier research in Gottfried Gruben:
2348:, the largest bridge substruction of antiquity.
903:. The Attalid kingdom was divided between Rome,
803:, Pergamon joined the Romans' coalition against
495:river (modern Kestelçay) passes by to the east.
5386:
5028:Volume XV 1: Meinrad N. Filges, Wolfgang Radt:
2206:
2032:from the base station in northeastern Bergama.
1782:
1668:The Great Altar of Pergamon, on display in the
1420:derived themselves directly from Heracles, the
616:, and Xenophon was hosted by his widow Hellas.
3986:. XIII; earlier research in Gottfried Gruben,
2645:(2nd century AD), Greek architect and builder.
1997:Reconstructed view of the Pergamon Acropolis,
1249:shortly after 1300, and then conquered by the
1087:In AD 663/4, Pergamon was captured by raiding
1079:, it experienced a limited economic recovery.
807:, and was rewarded with almost all the former
15200:Wooden Hypostyle Mosques of Medieval Anatolia
14955:
14813:
12218:Chelae on the European coast of the Bosphorus
8658:
8246:
8075:
5166:
5041:Die Stadtgrabung. Die byzantinische Wohnstadt
4971:Volume XI 2: Oskar Ziegenaus, Gioia de Luca:
3419:. University of Bamberg Press, Bamberg 2009,
3290:. Blackwell Pub., Oxford – Malden (MA) 2003,
2957:A History of the Hellenistic World: 323–30 BC
2636:(1st century AD), Christian martyr and saint.
2445:
2246:, worked in the Asclepieion for many years.
1396:(concubine to Neoptolemus after the death of
715:, shown at its greatest extent in 188 BC
407:), also referred to by its modern Greek form
15265:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
5021:Volume XIV: Doris Pinkwart, Wolf Stammnitz,
4888:Die Skulpturen mit Ausnahme der Altarreliefs
4878:Die Skulpturen mit Ausnahme der Altarreliefs
4633:vol. 1 (1918), vol. 2 (1921), vol. 3 (1922).
3785:On Dionysus Kathegemon, see Erwin Ohlemutz:
2639:Aristocles (1st century AD), a Greek sophist
2496:surrounding it was omitted from the design.
1289:Pergamon, which traced its founding back to
560:cannot be demonstrated, although Bronze Age
4436:
4009:Ploeg, Ghislaine E. van der (April 2016).
3685:"The Acropolis Theater at Pergamum, Turkey"
2028:The site is today easily accessible by the
1570:The lower agora in 1902, during excavations
1527:when he published the second volume of his
1245:, Pergamon was absorbed into the beylik of
412:
15275:Buildings and structures in İzmir Province
14962:
14948:
14820:
14806:
12213:Chelae on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus
8665:
8651:
8253:
8239:
8089:
8082:
8068:
6052:
5173:
5159:
5137:
4763:Das Heiligtum der Athena Polias Nikephoros
4680:
4542:
3721:. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut: 33.
3182:. Band 5, Leipzig 1924, Sp. 274–308 (
3133:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
2932:
2916:
2902:. University of Texas Press. p. 104.
2661:(c. 129–200/216 AD), Greek physician.
2630:(1st century BC), Peripatetic philosopher.
2102:Temple and sanctuary of Hera from the west
723:Over-life-size portrait head, probably of
15270:Archaeological sites in the Aegean Region
5023:Peristylhäuser westlich der Unteren Agora
4664:The Greek world after Alexander 323–30 BC
4487:
4124:
3756:. W. de Gruyter, Berlin – New York 1998,
2997:. Blackwell Publishing, 2003. pp.159-174.
2953:
2947:
2651:(2nd century AD), physician and tutor to
2267:"Soter" being an epithet meaning "savior"
543:
5009:Kapıkaya. Ein Felsheiligtum bei Pergamon
2620:(1st century BC), rhetor and teacher to
2592:(2nd century BC), Attalid ambassador to
2525:) and small, narrow connecting streets (
2511:
2311:
2221:
2144:
2097:
2044:
1992:
1922:
1877:
1786:
1743:
1683:
1663:
1592:The excavations were interrupted by the
1565:
1471:
1280:
1046:
998:
930:
718:
704:
689:
509:
14827:
5133:3D-visualization and photos of Pergamon
4670:
4661:
4561:
4547:. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 159–174.
2895:
2829:W. de Gruyter, Berlin 1950, pp. 17–29 (
2140:
1166:invasion of western Anatolia after the
465:. Pergamon was the northernmost of the
14:
15247:
15125:Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex
7106:
4643:
4604:
4500:
3542:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
2679:(4th century), Neoplatonic philosopher
2673:(4th century), Neoplatonic philosopher
2614:(2nd century BC), Greek mosaic artist.
2503:
1891:At Pergamon, Dionysus had the epithet
1140:; this community produced the emperor
949:made Pergamon his headquarters in his
441:) and northwest of the modern city of
15295:Tourist attractions in İzmir Province
14943:
14801:
8646:
8234:
8063:
7963:
7105:
6534:
6038:
5385:
5205:
5154:
4742:Digitisation of the tables for I, 1–3
4695:
4523:
4083:
4008:
3900:Bergama (Pergamum)-Akhisar (Thyatira)
3708:
3141:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 1187.
3101:
2187:
1886:
1481:Excavation area of the Pergamon Altar
1361:who had fought with Telephus against
1353:Telephus and the grave of his mother
980:, was the first manifestation of the
685:
514:Ruins of the ancient city of Pergamon
7574:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
5206:
4652:
4623:
4589:
4580:
4545:A Companion to the Hellenistic World
3288:A Companion to the Hellenistic World
3057:
2943:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2212:Sanctuary of Asclepius (Asclepieion)
2093:
887:against the Romans with the help of
648:Possible coinage of the Greek ruler
14642:Antioch in Mesopotamia (Constantia)
12763:Neapolis on the Thracian Chersonese
4725:Volume I 3: Alexander Conze (ed.):
3082:
3058:Foss, Clive (1991). "Pergamon". In
3040:
2807:Hellenistische Keramik aus Pergamon
1988:
1918:
1276:
1082:
843:was renowned as second only to the
564:are found in the surrounding area.
24:
15305:Populated places in ancient Aeolis
6535:
5180:
4913:Volume VIII 2: Max Fränkel (ed.):
4780:Der grosse Altar – der obere Markt
4637:
3982:On the sanctuary of Demeter, see:
3065:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
2995:Companion to the Hellenistic World
2933:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
2889:
2809:. de Gruyter, Berlin 1968, p. 14 (
2608:(c. 160 BC), Academic philosopher.
2149:Sanctuary of Demeter from the east
2035:
1724:. Many scholars believe that the "
1648:
1555:. However, when the archaeologist
1468:History of research and excavation
1003:Pergamon in the Roman province of
25:
15331:
15310:Populated places in ancient Mysia
15280:Former populated places in Turkey
15052:Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital
5076:
4948:Das Temenos für den Herrscherkult
4752:Die Wasserversorgung von Pergamon
2586:(3rd century BC), Greek sculptor.
2577:
2307:
2049:Gymnasium area near Upper Terrace
1688:Foundations of the Pergamon altar
1653:
636:, go back to the fourth century.
15227:
15226:
15214:
8625:
8207:
8206:
8190:
8174:
8159:
8158:
8143:
8142:
8126:
8110:
8103:
8043:
8033:
8024:
8023:
5014:Volume XIII: Carl Helmut Bohtz:
4933:Die Inschriften des Asklepieions
4381:Wolfgang Radt, "Pergamon 1998,"
4044:Die Inschriften des Asklepieions
3752:On the Trajaneum: Jens Rohmann:
3435:. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2006,
2922:
2667:(c. 320-403 AD), Greek physician
2425:
2400:is one of the first recorded in
2375:in front of the Temple inside a
2269:), since there is evidence that
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1519:produced a detailed account and
1132:. 7th-century sources attest an
851:, whose name is a corruption of
665:
641:
364:
329:
74:
73:
66:
53:
8111:
8044:
5057:Volume XV 4: Holger Schwarzer:
4481:
4463:
4449:
4430:
4405:
4390:
4375:
4362:
4349:
4336:
4323:
4310:
4297:
4284:
4271:
4258:
4242:
4229:
4216:
4203:
4190:
4178:
4165:
4152:
4139:
4130:
4118:
4077:
4034:
4002:
3993:
3976:
3963:
3950:
3937:
3925:
3912:
3893:
3884:
3868:
3856:
3836:
3823:
3810:
3792:
3779:
3746:
3702:
3677:
3661:
3642:
3631:
3622:
3582:
3561:
3536:
3511:
3499:
3483:
3470:
3458:
3446:
3409:
3396:
3383:
3370:
3346:
3322:
3301:
3276:
3254:
3241:
3228:
3215:
3202:
3189:
3162:
3153:
3025:
3012:
3000:
2987:
2974:
2877:
2864:
2717:dative case Περγάμῳ (Rev 2:12).
2568:
2543:
2371:. An angry mob is said to have
2172:which was added in the time of
1534:In 1864–5, the German engineer
1233:
1191:
1185:, established by Manuel. Under
1176:
1146:
1123:
1101:
1020:raised the city to the rank of
926:
456:, it became the capital of the
433:on the north side of the river
15255:World Heritage Sites in Turkey
14971:World Heritage Sites in Turkey
11472:Metropolis in northern Phrygia
9795:Metropolis in southern Phrygia
8199:Philadelphia (modern Alaşehir)
8175:
8127:
4978:Volume XI 3: Oskar Ziegenaus:
4703:[City and Landscape].
4644:Hansen, Esther Violet (1971).
3543:Agency, Anadolu (2022-05-30).
3359:. F. Steiner, Stuttgart 1997,
3335:. F. Steiner, Stuttgart 1997,
2954:Errington, R. Malcolm (2008).
2836:
2816:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2764:
2755:
2731:
2710:
2482:
1643:
1627:İstanbul Archaeological Museum
1223:, Pergamon became part of the
27:Ancient Greek city in Anatolia
13:
1:
8674:Ancient settlements in Turkey
5645:
5632:
5613:
5596:
5144:Hidden Cause, Visible Effects
4915:Die Inschriften von Pergamon
4797:Die Friese des groszen Altars
4715:Volume I 2: Alexander Conze:
4655:Pergamon, Archeological Guide
4583:Pergamon: Citadel of the Gods
4564:Cities of the Classical World
4372:. Vol. 44 (1994) pp. 136–137.
2724:
2475:, similar to designs seen at
2462:absence of external threats.
2271:L. Cuspius Pactumeius Rufinus
1529:Description de l'Asie mineure
10703:Hadrianopolis in Paphlagonia
8262:Ancient kingdoms of Anatolia
6773:Funeral and burial practices
5958:Military of Mycenaean Greece
5107:Resources in other libraries
5030:Die Stadtgrabung. Das Heroon
4985:Volume XI 4: Gioia de Luca:
4905:Die Inschriften von Pergamon
4886:Volume VII 2: Franz Winter:
4346:. Darmstadt 1999, pp. 84–85.
3789:. Würzburg 1940, pp. 99–122.
3307:Christopher Prestige Jones:
2698:List of ancient Greek cities
2682:Telephus, a Greek grammarian
2207:At the foot of the Acropolis
2040:
1943:matched by the shape of the
1783:Temple of Trajan (Traianeum)
608:, a Greek favourable to the
272:Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv, vi
7:
14612:Zephyrium on the Calycadnus
13456:Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing
9970:Panormus near Halicarnassus
5138:DK Fennell (July 8, 2016).
5117:Rosa Valderrama, "Pergamum"
4859:Volume VI: Paul Schazmann:
4597:Center for Hellenic Studies
4255:Vol. 60 (2010) pp. 117–201.
3909:accessed September 24, 2007
3588:On the Pergamon altar, see
2886:. 8.2, pp. 578–581 No. 613.
2686:
2536:under the forecourt of the
1521:Otto Magnus von Stackelberg
1204:, having previously been a
1162:Pergamon suffered from the
1069:crisis of the Third Century
505:
417:), was a rich and powerful
10:
15336:
11958:Apollonia on the Rhyndacus
6697:Greek Revival architecture
6039:
4895:Digitisation of the tables
4868:Digitisation of the tables
4855:Digitisation of the tables
4838:Digitisation of the tables
4817:Digitisation of the tables
4804:Digitisation of the tables
4787:Digitisation of the tables
4770:Digitisation of the tables
4671:Walbank, Frank W. (1993).
4501:Hansen, Esther V. (1971).
4359:. Vol. 44 (1994) p. 142–3.
3969:On the Sanctuary of Hera:
3596:. Wasmuth, Tübingen 1997,
3018:On Diodorus Pasparus, see
2532:The nearly 200 metre wide
2465:
2446:Infrastructure and housing
2373:burned Saint Antipas alive
2215:
1974:
1970:
1739:
1657:
1460:
1454:
1317:fights on the side of the
1241:With the expansion of the
538:
498:Pergamon was added to the
403:
252:UNESCO World Heritage Site
29:
15285:History of İzmir Province
15208:
15192:
15160:
15138:
15097:
15074:
15037:
15014:
14977:
14835:
14620:
14512:Tetrapyrgia in Cappadocia
13246:
12758:Neapolis on the Bosphorus
11858:
11785:
10976:
10458:
8965:Bargasa in northern Caria
8680:
8620:
8549:
8435:
8268:
8097:
8019:
7970:
7964:
7959:
7804:
7681:
7670:
7597:
7519:
7476:
7423:
7281:
7133:
7124:
7120:
7101:
7050:
6965:
6903:
6865:
6858:
6808:
6768:
6759:
6681:
6558:
6554:
6530:
6496:
6465:
6307:
6194:
6138:
6105:Attalid kings of Pergamon
6060:
6051:
6047:
6034:
5913:Antigonid Macedonian army
5886:
5859:
5831:
5788:
5745:
5736:
5578:
5517:
5414:
5410:
5381:
5280:
5229:
5225:
5201:
5188:
5102:Resources in your library
4808:Volume IV: Richard Bohn:
4629:Xenophon in Seven Volumes
4528:. Istanbul: Hitit Color.
4333:. Darmstadt (1999) p. 84.
3943:On the Middle gymnasium:
3833:. Darmstadt 2005, p. 190.
3820:. Darmstadt 1999, p. 189.
3766:Pergamenische Forschungen
2811:Pergamenische Forschungen
2291:an underground passageway
2030:Bergama Acropolis Gondola
1640:around the Red Basilica.
984:in the province of Asia.
972:(regional assembly). Its
577:, since the march of the
413:
314:
306:
298:
286:
276:
266:
258:
249:
245:
237:
229:
221:
216:
194:
184:
179:
171:
163:
126:
116:
98:
90:
61:
52:
42:
14517:Tetrapyrgia in Pamphylia
13721:Hadrianopolis in Pisidia
11306:Hadrianopolis in Phrygia
10963:Zephyrium in Paphlagonia
9740:Magnesia on the Maeander
4831:Die Paläste der Hochburg
4711:(1). Berlin: de Gruyter.
4662:Shipley, Graham (2000).
4646:The Attalids of Pergamon
4507:Cornell University Press
4503:The Attalids of Pergamon
4384:Archäologischer Anzeiger
4320:. Darmstadt 1999, p. 89.
4294:. Darmstadt 1999, p. 87.
4279:Istanbuler Mitteilungen.
4268:Vol. 42 (1992) p. 266-7.
4266:Istanbuler Mitteilungen.
4253:Istanbuler Mitteilungen.
4237:Istanbuler Mitteilungen.
4224:Istanbuler Mitteilungen.
4213:. Darmstadt 1999, p. 90.
4200:. Darmstadt 1999, p. 93.
4175:. Darmstadt 1999, p. 33.
4162:. Darmstadt 1999, p. 30.
4149:. Darmstadt 1999, p. 27.
3879:Archäologischer Anzeiger
3670:. IV; Gottfried Gruben:
3628:Tucker, pp. 28–29.
3284:The Attalids of Pergamon
3174:Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher
2703:
2516:Roman bridge of Pergamon
2386:, which represented the
2262:the Temple of Asclepius
2021:Diodorus Pasporos heroon
1517:Charles Robert Cockerell
1153:Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik
14647:Apamea on the Euphrates
14232:Philadelphia in Cilicia
13636:Dalisandus in Pamphylia
12208:Chelae on the Black Sea
10410:Tripolis on the Meander
8895:Astyra near Adramyttium
8815:Antioch on the Maeander
4705:Altertümer von Pergamon
4689:Altertümer von Pergamon
4682:Altertümer von Pergamon
4653:Radt, Wolfgang (1984).
4562:McEvedy, Colin (2012).
4370:Istanbuler Mitteilungen
4357:Istanbuler Mitteilungen
4305:Athenische Mitteilungen
4185:Altertümer von Pergamon
3988:Die Tempel der Griechen
3984:Altertümer von Pergamon
3971:Altertümer von Pergamon
3958:Altertümer von Pergamon
3945:Altertümer von Pergamon
3932:Altertümer von Pergamon
3920:Altertümer von Pergamon
3863:Altertümer von Pergamon
3851:Die Tempel der Griechen
3843:Altertümer von Pergamon
3774:Die Tempel der Griechen
3770:Altertümer von Pergamon
3672:Die Tempel der Griechen
3668:Altertümer von Pergamon
3506:Altertümer von Pergamon
3465:Altertümer von Pergamon
3453:Altertümer von Pergamon
3020:Altertümer von Pergamon
2896:Dreyfus, Renée (1996).
2884:Altertümer von Pergamon
2794:Altertümer von Pergamon
2782:Altertümer von Pergamon
2218:Asclepieion of Pergamon
2018:The Roman baths complex
1561:Royal Museums of Berlin
1157:Siege of Constantinople
1117:, and from the time of
1075:shortly thereafter. In
676:, Achaemenid Satrap of
30:For the publisher, see
14752:Seleucia at the Zeugma
13371:Aphrodisias of Cilicia
13356:Antioch on the Pyramis
13336:Antioch on the Orontes
11913:Aianteion in the Troad
10903:Sebastopolis in Pontus
8091:Seven churches of Asia
6139:Artists & scholars
6054:List of ancient Greeks
5691:Second Athenian League
5540:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
5365:Ancient Greek colonies
4701:"Stadt und Landschaft"
4691:(de Gruyter, Berlin).
4590:Nagy, Gregory (2007).
4524:Kekeç, Tevhit (1989).
4281:Vol. 42 (1992) p. 267.
4239:Vol. 42 (1992) p. 264.
4226:Vol. 42 (1992) p. 263.
3956:On the upper terrace:
3918:On the Lower Terrace:
3608:& Volker Kästner:
3282:Elizabeth Kosmetatou:
2831:Istanbuler Forschungen
2590:Andronicus of Pergamum
2517:
2320:
2227:
2150:
2103:
2050:
2002:
1928:
1883:
1792:
1749:
1706:depicting the life of
1689:
1677:
1571:
1489:Ciriaco de' Pizzicolli
1484:
1286:
1217:Sack of Constantinople
1202:metropolitan bishopric
1052:
1036:, a huge forum and an
1011:Yet it was only under
1008:
990:Aulus Julius Quadratus
947:Mithridates VI Eupator
942:
727:
716:
702:
544:Pre-Hellenistic period
515:
467:seven churches of Asia
175:90 ha (220 acres)
15300:Asia (Roman province)
15162:Southeastern Anatolia
14637:Antioch in the Taurus
14342:Seleucia in Pamphylia
13631:Dalisandus in Isauria
13351:Antioch on the Cragus
12338:Dascylium in Bithynia
10868:Pteria in Paphlagonia
10155:Sebastopolis in Caria
10020:Philadelphia in Lydia
9965:Panormus near Miletus
9630:Laodicea on the Lycus
8945:Aureliopolis in Lydia
7258:Sybaris on the Traeis
5983:Sacred Band of Thebes
5723:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
5237:Cycladic civilization
5016:Das Demeter-Heiligtum
4673:The Hellenistic world
4605:Tucker, Jack (2012).
4125:Grewe & Özis 1994
4017:University of Warwick
3922:. VI, pp. 5–6, 19–27.
3709:Jones, C. P. (1996).
3612:. Zabern, Mainz 2004
3590:Wolf-Dieter Heilmeyer
3286:. in Andrew Erskine,
3102:Parry, V. J. (1960).
2940:Catholic Encyclopedia
2649:Aeschrion of Pergamon
2628:Cratippus of Pergamon
2606:Hegesinus of Pergamon
2515:
2404:, highlighted by the
2331:, known today as the
2315:
2225:
2148:
2101:
2048:
1996:
1983:Library of Alexandria
1926:
1881:
1790:
1747:
1687:
1667:
1569:
1475:
1432:claimed descent from
1284:
1210:Metropolis of Ephesus
1050:
1002:
934:
845:Library of Alexandria
722:
708:
693:
513:
500:UNESCO World Heritage
148:39.13250°N 27.18417°E
91:Alternative name
15290:New Testament cities
15062:Göreme National Park
14722:Nicopolis in Cilicia
14602:Zenopolis in Isauria
13696:Eudocias (Pamphylia)
13566:Comana in Cappadocia
13203:Tricomia in Bithynia
12488:Helenopolis/Drepanum
11271:Eudocia (Cappadocia)
10598:Comana in the Pontus
10225:Stratonicea in Caria
10220:Stratonicea in Lydia
9905:Nysa on the Maeander
9210:Dios Hieron in Lydia
9205:Dios Hieron in Ionia
8915:Atarneus sub Pitanem
8900:Astyra near Pergamon
6783:mythological figures
6504:Ancient Greek tribes
5629:Peloponnesian League
4810:Die Theater-Terrasse
4727:Stadt und Landschaft
4717:Stadt und Landschaft
4666:. London: Routledge.
3881:. 1995, pp. 765–779.
3525:on November 10, 2010
3022:. 15.1, pp. 114–117.
2563:communicating vessel
2196:the House of Attalus
2164:, a straightforward
2141:Sanctuary of Demeter
1229:Theodore II Laskaris
1095:, which the Emperor
821:Third Macedonian War
195:Associated with
15170:Diyarbakır Fortress
14829:History of Anatolia
14107:Neapolis in Pisidia
13931:Limnae in Pamphylia
13591:Corycus (Kızkalesi)
12453:Hadriani ad Olympum
12388:Drizipara/Drusipara
12343:Dekaton in Bithynia
11908:Aianteion in Thrace
9790:Metropolis in Lydia
9735:Magnesia ad Sipylum
6895:Tunnel of Eupalinos
6890:Theatre of Dionysus
6514:Ancient Macedonians
6130:Tyrants of Syracuse
5642:Amphictyonic League
5242:Minoan civilization
4735:Die Wasserleitungen
4387:(1999) pp. 309–312.
4127:, pp. 350, 352
3960:. VI, pp. 4, 43–79.
3947:. VI, pp. 5, 28–43.
3656:Bible History Daily
3367:, pp. 124-128.
3343:, pp. 175–190.
2796:. 1.2, pp. 148–152.
2634:Antipas of Pergamum
2504:Streets and bridges
2408:itself through the
2406:Christian Scripture
2353:Christian tradition
2202:the Gate of Eumenes
2199:the Lower Agora and
2122:temple, with three
1977:Library of Pergamum
1911:, or perhaps under
1754:Theatre of Pergamon
1752:The well-preserved
1448:calling themselves
1438:Alexander the Great
1392:through his mother
1380:through his father
1219:in 1204 during the
1168:Battle of Manzikert
897:P. Licinius Crassus
841:Library of Pergamon
839:in Athens, and the
786:Philip V of Macedon
712:Kingdom of Pergamon
625:Alexander the Great
487:, which formed its
458:Kingdom of Pergamon
144: /
82:Shown within Turkey
39:
14692:Hallan Çemi Tepesi
14607:Zenopolis in Lycia
13376:Apollonia in Lycia
13341:Antioch of Pisidia
13296:Anabura in Pisidia
13153:Tarsus in Bithynia
12648:Limnae in Bithynia
10588:Colonia in Armenia
10150:Sebaste in Phrygia
9375:Heraclea in Aeolis
9370:Heraclea at Latmus
8835:Apollonia Salbaces
8830:Apollonia in Mysia
7569:Menestheus's Limin
7223:Pandosia (Lucania)
7111:Greek colonisation
6473:Athenian statesmen
6234:Diogenes of Sinope
6095:Kings of Macedonia
6085:Kings of Commagene
5953:Macedonian phalanx
5933:Hellenistic armies
5681:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
5545:Indo-Greek Kingdom
5267:Hellenistic Greece
4566:. Penguin Global.
3905:2007-09-28 at the
3890:Kekeç 1989, p. 40.
3807:1989, pp. 539–553.
3727:10.34780/BF9A-21F6
3711:"The Panhellenion"
3429:Ulrich-Walter Gans
3427:, pp. 61–82;
3168:Johannes Schmidt:
3116:Lévi-Provençal, E.
3060:Kazhdan, Alexander
3034:Naturalis historia
2555:sedimentation tank
2518:
2418:Book of Revelation
2361:bishop of Pergamum
2321:
2228:
2151:
2104:
2051:
2003:
1929:
1887:Temple of Dionysus
1884:
1871:, including their
1793:
1750:
1718:Book of Revelation
1690:
1678:
1572:
1485:
1287:
1200:was promoted to a
1053:
1009:
943:
938:, portrait in the
825:Perseus of Macedon
801:Roman–Seleucid War
769:in 261 BC against
728:
717:
703:
686:Hellenistic period
516:
474:Book of Revelation
454:Hellenistic period
259:Official name
238:Public access
153:39.13250; 27.18417
46:(in Ancient Greek)
37:
15242:
15241:
15221:Turkey portal
14937:
14936:
14795:
14794:
14497:Telmessos (Caria)
13936:Limnae in Pisidia
13796:Isinda in Pisidia
13346:Antiochia Lamotis
12398:Elaea in Bithynia
12348:Dekaton in Thrace
11427:Laodicea Combusta
11311:Heraclea Cybistra
11276:Eudocia (Phrygia)
10863:Prusias ad Hypium
10085:Polichne in Ionia
10080:Polichna in Ionia
9650:Larissa Phrikonis
9380:Heraclea in Lydia
8820:Apamea in Phrygia
8640:
8639:
8632:Turkey portal
8228:
8227:
8057:
8056:
8015:
8014:
7955:
7954:
7951:
7950:
7947:
7946:
7521:Iberian Peninsula
7453:Lipara/Meligounis
7419:
7418:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7070:Cypriot syllabary
6961:
6960:
6870:Athenian Treasury
6854:
6853:
6526:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6115:Ptolemaic dynasty
6075:Archons of Athens
6030:
6029:
6026:
6025:
5901:Athenian military
5882:
5881:
5715:League of Corinth
5697:Thessalian League
5673:Chalcidian League
5655:Acarnanian League
5565:Ptolemaic Kingdom
5377:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5083:Library resources
5007:, Wolfgang Radt:
4996:, Gioia de Luca:
4964:, Gioia de Luca:
4925:Christian Habicht
4793:Hermann Winnefeld
4748:Günther Garbrecht
4731:Friedrich Graeber
4471:"Suda, § tau.495"
3610:Der Pergamonaltar
3508:. I 1, pp. 13–16.
3489:Lucius Ampelius,
3425:978-3-923507-59-7
2784:. 1.1, pp. 47–50.
2743:www.philologus.gr
2612:Sosus of Pergamon
2600:Biton of Pergamon
2402:Christian history
2355:, in the year 92
2253:the Roman theater
2094:Sanctuary of Hera
2009:The Royal palaces
1999:Friedrich Thierch
1477:Christian Wilberg
1243:Anatolian beyliks
1206:suffragan diocese
1172:Manuel I Komnenos
960:Diodorus Pasparus
893:Stoic philosopher
874:Cleobis and Biton
654:Achaemenid Empire
610:Achaemenid Empire
318:
317:
203:Sosus of Pergamon
16:(Redirected from
15327:
15315:Bergama District
15230:
15229:
15219:
15218:
15217:
15193:Multiple regions
15089:Arslantepe Mound
15039:Central Anatolia
14964:
14957:
14950:
14941:
14940:
14822:
14815:
14808:
14799:
14798:
14247:Phoenix in Lycia
13986:Malus in Pisidia
13661:Elaiussa Sebaste
12653:Limnae in Thrace
12318:Daphne Mainomene
12183:Cenon Gallicanon
11923:Alexandria Troas
11787:Eastern Anatolia
11462:Malus in Phrygia
11457:Malus in Galatia
10978:Central Anatolia
10768:Laodicea Pontica
10733:Hüseyindede Tepe
10713:Heraclea Pontica
10340:Thebe Hypoplakia
10030:Phoenix in Caria
9750:Maionia in Lydia
9385:Heraclea Salbace
8940:Aurelia Neapolis
8845:Apollonos Hieron
8667:
8660:
8653:
8644:
8643:
8630:
8629:
8628:
8255:
8248:
8241:
8232:
8231:
8210:
8209:
8194:
8193:
8178:
8177:
8162:
8161:
8146:
8145:
8130:
8129:
8114:
8113:
8107:
8084:
8077:
8070:
8061:
8060:
8047:
8046:
8037:
8027:
8026:
7961:
7960:
7679:
7678:
7178:Heraclea Lucania
7131:
7130:
7122:
7121:
7103:
7102:
6863:
6862:
6795:Twelve Olympians
6766:
6765:
6556:
6555:
6532:
6531:
6120:Seleucid dynasty
6100:Kings of Paionia
6049:
6048:
6036:
6035:
5906:Scythian archers
5813:Graphe paranomon
5743:
5742:
5650:
5647:
5637:
5634:
5618:
5615:
5605:
5601:
5598:
5412:
5411:
5383:
5382:
5262:Classical Greece
5247:Mycenaean Greece
5227:
5226:
5203:
5202:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5066:Manfred Klinkott
4944:Friedrich Krauss
4940:Erich Boehringer
4712:
4697:Conze, Alexander
4676:
4667:
4658:
4649:
4632:
4620:
4601:
4586:
4577:
4558:
4539:
4520:
4497:
4475:
4474:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4434:
4428:
4409:
4403:
4394:
4388:
4379:
4373:
4366:
4360:
4353:
4347:
4340:
4334:
4327:
4321:
4314:
4308:
4301:
4295:
4288:
4282:
4275:
4269:
4262:
4256:
4246:
4240:
4233:
4227:
4220:
4214:
4207:
4201:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4169:
4163:
4156:
4150:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3991:
3980:
3974:
3967:
3961:
3954:
3948:
3941:
3935:
3934:. VI, pp. 40–43.
3929:
3923:
3916:
3910:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3882:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3847:Gottfried Gruben
3840:
3834:
3827:
3821:
3814:
3808:
3796:
3790:
3783:
3777:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3734:
3733:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3681:
3675:
3665:
3659:
3651:Ancient Pergamon
3646:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3626:
3620:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3521:. Archived from
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3491:Liber memorialis
3487:
3481:
3476:Charles Texier,
3474:
3468:
3467:. I 1, pp. 5–11.
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3413:
3407:
3406:pp. 86–124.
3402:Ulrich Huttner:
3400:
3394:
3389:Ulrich Huttner:
3387:
3381:
3376:Ulrich Huttner:
3374:
3368:
3350:
3344:
3326:
3320:
3305:
3299:
3280:
3274:
3265:Commentarius in
3258:
3252:
3245:
3239:
3232:
3226:
3219:
3213:
3206:
3200:
3193:
3187:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3099:
3080:
3079:
3055:
3038:
3029:
3023:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2991:
2985:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2868:
2862:
2840:
2834:
2820:
2814:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2735:
2718:
2714:
2429:
2365:John the Apostle
2288:a healing spring
2279:
2188:Other structures
2170:Corinthian order
2064:Corinthian order
1989:Other structures
1927:Temple of Athena
1919:Temple of Athena
1859:Provincial coins
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1762:
1703:Parthenon Frieze
1610:Erich Boehringer
1606:Second World War
1586:Wilhelm Dörpfeld
1463:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1277:Pergamon in myth
1237:
1236: 1254–1285
1235:
1225:Empire of Nicaea
1195:
1194: 1185–1195
1193:
1187:Isaac II Angelos
1180:
1179: 1143–1180
1178:
1150:
1148:
1138:Muslim conquests
1127:
1125:
1115:Thracesian Theme
1105:
1103:
1083:Byzantine period
669:
645:
416:
415:
406:
405:
396:
395:
392:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
307:Buffer zone
159:
158:
156:
155:
154:
149:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:
77:
76:
70:
57:
47:
40:
36:
21:
15335:
15334:
15330:
15329:
15328:
15326:
15325:
15324:
15320:Former kingdoms
15245:
15244:
15243:
15238:
15215:
15213:
15204:
15188:
15156:
15134:
15093:
15070:
15033:
15010:
14973:
14968:
14938:
14933:
14932:
14930:
14831:
14826:
14796:
14791:
14623:
14616:
14352:Seleucia Sidera
14347:Seleucia Pieria
13791:Isinda in Lycia
13691:Eudocia (Lycia)
13586:Corycium Antrum
13242:
13103:Serrion Teichos
12863:Pegae in Thrace
12618:Larisa in Troad
12058:Basilica Therma
12028:Astyra in Troad
11854:
11830:Justinianopolis
11781:
11356:Kaman-Kalehöyük
11036:Aquae Saravenae
10972:
10454:
10145:Satala in Lydia
9645:Larisa in Lydia
9640:Larisa in Ionia
9635:Larisa in Caria
9555:Kleros Politike
9485:Isinda in Ionia
8676:
8671:
8641:
8636:
8626:
8624:
8616:
8545:
8431:
8264:
8259:
8229:
8224:
8223:
8222:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8218:
8217:
8211:
8203:
8202:
8201:
8195:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8179:
8171:
8170:
8169:
8163:
8155:
8154:
8153:
8147:
8139:
8138:
8137:
8131:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8115:
8093:
8088:
8058:
8053:
8011:
7966:
7943:
7806:
7800:
7683:
7674:
7666:
7637:Melaina Korkyra
7593:
7515:
7472:
7425:Aeolian Islands
7415:
7277:
7135:
7116:
7115:
7089:
7046:
6957:
6899:
6850:
6804:
6755:
6677:
6668:Wedding customs
6550:
6549:
6518:
6509:Thracian Greeks
6492:
6483:Olympic victors
6461:
6303:
6190:
6134:
6125:Kings of Sparta
6110:Kings of Pontus
6080:Kings of Athens
6056:
6043:
6022:
5918:Army of Macedon
5878:
5855:
5827:
5784:
5732:
5705:(370–c. 230 BC)
5703:Arcadian League
5687:(c. 400–188 BC)
5685:Aetolian League
5679:Boeotian League
5661:Hellenic League
5648:
5635:
5625:(c. 650–404 BC)
5616:
5610:Italiote League
5603:
5599:
5593:Doric Hexapolis
5583:
5574:
5570:Seleucid Empire
5513:
5406:
5405:
5369:
5276:
5252:Greek Dark Ages
5221:
5220:
5197:
5184:
5179:
5119:: brief history
5113:
5112:
5111:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5079:
4962:Oskar Ziegenaus
4923:Volume VIII 3:
4899:Volume VIII 1:
4844:Hermann Stiller
4827:Theodor Wiegand
4776:Jakob Schrammen
4685:
4640:
4638:Further reading
4617:
4609:. Jack Tucker.
4574:
4555:
4536:
4517:
4484:
4479:
4478:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4435:
4431:
4410:
4406:
4395:
4391:
4380:
4376:
4367:
4363:
4354:
4350:
4342:Wolfgang Radt,
4341:
4337:
4329:Wolfgang Radt,
4328:
4324:
4316:Wolfgang Radt:
4315:
4311:
4302:
4298:
4290:Wolfgang Radt:
4289:
4285:
4276:
4272:
4263:
4259:
4247:
4243:
4234:
4230:
4221:
4217:
4209:Wolfgang Radt:
4208:
4204:
4196:Wolfgang Radt:
4195:
4191:
4183:
4179:
4171:Wolfgang Radt:
4170:
4166:
4158:Wolfgang Radt:
4157:
4153:
4145:Wolfgang Radt:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4110:
4108:
4098:
4082:
4078:
4055:
4039:
4035:
4022:
4020:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3981:
3977:
3968:
3964:
3955:
3951:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3926:
3917:
3913:
3907:Wayback Machine
3898:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3873:
3869:
3865:. II, p. 56–88.
3861:
3857:
3841:
3837:
3829:Wolfgang Radt,
3828:
3824:
3816:Wolfgang Radt,
3815:
3811:
3797:
3793:
3784:
3780:
3751:
3747:
3731:
3729:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3689:www.whitman.edu
3683:
3682:
3678:
3666:
3662:
3647:
3643:
3638:Revelation 2:13
3636:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3587:
3583:
3574:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3553:
3551:
3541:
3537:
3528:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3488:
3484:
3475:
3471:
3463:
3459:
3455:. I 1, pp. 3–4.
3451:
3447:
3443:, pp. 108.
3414:
3410:
3401:
3397:
3388:
3384:
3375:
3371:
3351:
3347:
3327:
3323:
3306:
3302:
3281:
3277:
3259:
3255:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3229:
3220:
3216:
3207:
3203:
3194:
3190:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3100:
3083:
3076:
3056:
3041:
3030:
3026:
3017:
3013:
3005:
3001:
2992:
2988:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2952:
2948:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2894:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2869:
2865:
2841:
2837:
2821:
2817:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2771:Revelation 1:11
2769:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2747:
2745:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2689:
2580:
2571:
2546:
2534:Pergamon Bridge
2506:
2485:
2468:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2430:
2414:Pergamon Church
2346:Pergamon Bridge
2310:
2273:
2244:Marcus Aurelius
2220:
2214:
2209:
2190:
2143:
2096:
2043:
2038:
2036:Lower Acropolis
2015:The Upper Agora
1991:
1979:
1973:
1964:Pergamon Museum
1921:
1889:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1785:
1756:
1742:
1670:Pergamon Museum
1662:
1656:
1651:
1649:Upper Acropolis
1646:
1598:Theodor Wiegand
1594:First World War
1581:Pergamon Museum
1557:Alexander Conze
1553:Lucius Ampelius
1470:
1279:
1232:
1227:. When Emperor
1190:
1175:
1145:
1122:
1119:Leo VI the Wise
1100:
1085:
996:in 94 and 105.
986:Pliny the Elder
929:
817:Peace of Apamea
797:Macedonian Wars
743:Attalid dynasty
688:
681:
670:
661:
646:
546:
541:
508:
367:
363:
332:
328:
254:
152:
150:
146:
143:
138:
135:
133:
131:
130:
86:
85:
84:
83:
80:
79:
78:
48:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15333:
15323:
15322:
15317:
15312:
15307:
15302:
15297:
15292:
15287:
15282:
15277:
15272:
15267:
15262:
15257:
15240:
15239:
15237:
15236:
15224:
15209:
15206:
15205:
15203:
15202:
15196:
15194:
15190:
15189:
15187:
15186:
15181:
15176:
15174:Hevsel Gardens
15166:
15164:
15158:
15157:
15155:
15154:
15144:
15142:
15136:
15135:
15133:
15132:
15127:
15122:
15116:Historic Areas
15113:
15103:
15101:
15095:
15094:
15092:
15091:
15086:
15080:
15078:
15072:
15071:
15069:
15068:
15059:
15054:
15049:
15043:
15041:
15035:
15034:
15032:
15031:
15026:
15020:
15018:
15012:
15011:
15009:
15008:
15003:
14994:
14989:
14983:
14981:
14975:
14974:
14967:
14966:
14959:
14952:
14944:
14935:
14934:
14837:
14836:
14833:
14832:
14825:
14824:
14817:
14810:
14802:
14793:
14792:
14790:
14789:
14784:
14779:
14774:
14769:
14764:
14759:
14754:
14749:
14744:
14739:
14734:
14729:
14724:
14719:
14714:
14709:
14704:
14699:
14694:
14689:
14684:
14679:
14674:
14669:
14664:
14659:
14654:
14652:Carcathiocerta
14649:
14644:
14639:
14634:
14628:
14626:
14618:
14617:
14615:
14614:
14609:
14604:
14599:
14594:
14589:
14584:
14579:
14574:
14569:
14564:
14559:
14554:
14549:
14544:
14539:
14534:
14529:
14524:
14519:
14514:
14509:
14504:
14499:
14494:
14489:
14484:
14479:
14474:
14469:
14464:
14459:
14454:
14449:
14444:
14439:
14434:
14429:
14424:
14419:
14414:
14409:
14404:
14399:
14394:
14389:
14384:
14379:
14374:
14369:
14364:
14359:
14354:
14349:
14344:
14339:
14334:
14329:
14324:
14319:
14314:
14309:
14304:
14299:
14294:
14289:
14287:Pseudokorasion
14284:
14279:
14274:
14269:
14264:
14259:
14254:
14249:
14244:
14239:
14234:
14229:
14224:
14219:
14214:
14209:
14204:
14199:
14194:
14189:
14184:
14179:
14174:
14169:
14164:
14159:
14154:
14149:
14144:
14139:
14134:
14129:
14124:
14119:
14114:
14109:
14104:
14099:
14094:
14089:
14084:
14079:
14074:
14069:
14064:
14059:
14054:
14049:
14044:
14039:
14034:
14029:
14024:
14019:
14013:
14008:
14003:
13998:
13993:
13988:
13983:
13978:
13973:
13968:
13963:
13958:
13953:
13948:
13943:
13938:
13933:
13928:
13923:
13918:
13913:
13908:
13903:
13898:
13893:
13888:
13883:
13878:
13873:
13868:
13863:
13858:
13853:
13848:
13843:
13838:
13833:
13828:
13823:
13818:
13813:
13808:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13788:
13783:
13778:
13773:
13768:
13763:
13758:
13753:
13748:
13743:
13738:
13733:
13728:
13723:
13718:
13713:
13708:
13703:
13698:
13693:
13688:
13683:
13678:
13673:
13668:
13663:
13658:
13653:
13648:
13643:
13638:
13633:
13628:
13623:
13618:
13613:
13608:
13603:
13598:
13593:
13588:
13583:
13578:
13573:
13568:
13563:
13558:
13553:
13548:
13543:
13538:
13533:
13528:
13523:
13518:
13513:
13508:
13503:
13498:
13493:
13488:
13483:
13478:
13473:
13468:
13463:
13458:
13453:
13448:
13443:
13438:
13433:
13428:
13423:
13418:
13413:
13408:
13403:
13398:
13393:
13388:
13383:
13378:
13373:
13368:
13363:
13358:
13353:
13348:
13343:
13338:
13333:
13328:
13323:
13318:
13313:
13308:
13303:
13298:
13293:
13288:
13283:
13278:
13273:
13268:
13263:
13258:
13252:
13250:
13244:
13243:
13241:
13240:
13235:
13230:
13225:
13220:
13215:
13205:
13200:
13195:
13190:
13185:
13180:
13175:
13170:
13165:
13160:
13155:
13150:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13110:
13105:
13100:
13095:
13090:
13085:
13080:
13075:
13070:
13065:
13060:
13055:
13050:
13045:
13040:
13035:
13030:
13025:
13020:
13015:
13010:
13005:
13000:
12995:
12990:
12985:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12965:
12960:
12955:
12950:
12945:
12940:
12935:
12930:
12928:Pitheci Portus
12925:
12920:
12915:
12910:
12905:
12903:Phidalia Petra
12900:
12895:
12890:
12885:
12880:
12875:
12870:
12865:
12860:
12858:Pegae in Mysia
12855:
12850:
12845:
12840:
12835:
12830:
12825:
12820:
12815:
12810:
12805:
12800:
12795:
12790:
12785:
12780:
12775:
12770:
12765:
12760:
12755:
12750:
12745:
12740:
12735:
12730:
12725:
12720:
12715:
12710:
12705:
12700:
12695:
12690:
12685:
12680:
12675:
12670:
12665:
12660:
12655:
12650:
12645:
12640:
12635:
12630:
12625:
12620:
12615:
12610:
12605:
12600:
12595:
12590:
12585:
12580:
12575:
12570:
12565:
12560:
12555:
12550:
12545:
12540:
12535:
12530:
12525:
12520:
12515:
12510:
12505:
12500:
12495:
12490:
12485:
12480:
12475:
12470:
12465:
12463:Hadrianotherae
12460:
12455:
12450:
12448:Germanicopolis
12445:
12440:
12435:
12430:
12425:
12420:
12415:
12410:
12405:
12400:
12395:
12390:
12385:
12380:
12375:
12370:
12365:
12360:
12355:
12350:
12345:
12340:
12335:
12330:
12325:
12320:
12315:
12310:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12290:
12285:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12250:
12245:
12240:
12235:
12230:
12225:
12220:
12215:
12210:
12205:
12200:
12195:
12190:
12185:
12180:
12175:
12170:
12165:
12160:
12155:
12150:
12145:
12140:
12135:
12130:
12125:
12120:
12115:
12110:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12055:
12050:
12045:
12040:
12035:
12030:
12025:
12020:
12015:
12010:
12008:Artaiouteichos
12005:
12000:
11995:
11990:
11985:
11980:
11975:
11970:
11965:
11960:
11955:
11950:
11945:
11940:
11935:
11930:
11925:
11920:
11915:
11910:
11905:
11900:
11895:
11890:
11885:
11880:
11875:
11870:
11864:
11862:
11856:
11855:
11853:
11852:
11847:
11845:Theodosiopolis
11842:
11837:
11832:
11827:
11822:
11817:
11812:
11807:
11802:
11797:
11791:
11789:
11783:
11782:
11780:
11779:
11774:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11754:
11749:
11744:
11739:
11734:
11732:Thouththourbia
11729:
11724:
11719:
11714:
11709:
11704:
11699:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11679:
11674:
11669:
11664:
11659:
11654:
11649:
11644:
11639:
11634:
11629:
11624:
11619:
11614:
11609:
11604:
11599:
11594:
11589:
11584:
11579:
11574:
11569:
11564:
11559:
11554:
11549:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11499:
11494:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11434:
11429:
11424:
11419:
11414:
11408:
11403:
11398:
11393:
11388:
11383:
11378:
11373:
11368:
11363:
11358:
11353:
11348:
11343:
11338:
11333:
11328:
11323:
11318:
11313:
11308:
11303:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11283:
11278:
11273:
11268:
11263:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11223:
11218:
11213:
11208:
11203:
11198:
11193:
11188:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11093:
11088:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11006:Anastasiopolis
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10982:
10980:
10974:
10973:
10971:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10935:
10930:
10925:
10920:
10915:
10910:
10905:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10845:
10840:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10765:
10760:
10755:
10750:
10745:
10740:
10735:
10730:
10725:
10720:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10680:
10675:
10670:
10665:
10660:
10655:
10650:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10630:
10625:
10620:
10615:
10610:
10605:
10600:
10595:
10590:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10560:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10464:
10462:
10456:
10455:
10453:
10452:
10447:
10442:
10437:
10432:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10342:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10112:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10092:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10012:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9942:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9572:
9567:
9565:Koddinou Petra
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8686:
8684:
8678:
8677:
8670:
8669:
8662:
8655:
8647:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8634:
8621:
8618:
8617:
8615:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8553:
8551:
8547:
8546:
8544:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8439:
8437:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8429:
8424:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8316:Hurrian States
8313:
8311:Hittite Empire
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8272:
8270:
8266:
8265:
8258:
8257:
8250:
8243:
8235:
8226:
8225:
8213:
8212:
8205:
8204:
8197:
8196:
8189:
8188:
8181:
8180:
8173:
8172:
8165:
8164:
8157:
8156:
8149:
8148:
8141:
8140:
8133:
8132:
8125:
8124:
8117:
8116:
8109:
8108:
8102:
8101:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8095:
8094:
8087:
8086:
8079:
8072:
8064:
8055:
8054:
8052:
8051:
8041:
8031:
8020:
8017:
8016:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7983:
7982:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7957:
7956:
7953:
7952:
7949:
7948:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7810:
7808:
7802:
7801:
7799:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7687:
7685:
7676:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7603:
7601:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7525:
7523:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7513:
7508:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7482:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7421:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7371:Megara Hyblaea
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7351:Hybla Gereatis
7348:
7343:
7341:Heraclea Minoa
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7287:
7285:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7139:
7137:
7128:
7118:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7107:
7099:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7085:Attic numerals
7082:
7080:Greek numerals
7077:
7075:Greek alphabet
7072:
7067:
7062:
7056:
7054:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6971:
6969:
6963:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6909:
6907:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6866:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6812:
6810:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6775:
6769:
6763:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6729:Musical system
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6700:
6699:
6688:
6686:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6564:
6562:
6552:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6536:
6528:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6500:
6498:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6313:
6311:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6200:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6161:Mathematicians
6158:
6153:
6148:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6070:Kings of Argos
6066:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6045:
6044:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5928:Cretan archers
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5898:
5892:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5837:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5794:
5792:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5727:Achaean League
5724:
5721:Euboean League
5718:
5712:
5709:Epirote League
5706:
5700:
5694:
5688:
5682:
5676:
5670:
5664:
5658:
5657:(c. 500–31 BC)
5652:
5639:
5626:
5620:
5607:
5589:
5587:
5585:Confederations
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5509:Lissus (Crete)
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5420:
5418:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5387:
5379:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5257:Archaic Greece
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5233:
5231:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5207:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5182:Ancient Greece
5178:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5092:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:External links
5075:
5074:
5073:
5064:Volume XVI 1:
5062:
5055:
5044:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5001:
4994:Adolf Hoffmann
4990:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4958:
4951:
4936:
4929:Michael Wörrle
4921:
4911:
4897:
4884:
4872:Volume VII 1:
4870:
4857:
4850:. Berlin 1895
4840:
4819:
4806:
4791:Volume III 2:
4789:
4774:Volume III 1:
4772:
4755:
4744:
4723:
4713:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4668:
4659:
4650:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4621:
4615:
4602:
4587:
4578:
4572:
4559:
4553:
4540:
4534:
4521:
4515:
4505:. Ithaca, NY:
4498:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4462:
4457:"Suda,al.3918"
4448:
4429:
4404:
4389:
4374:
4361:
4348:
4335:
4322:
4309:
4296:
4283:
4270:
4257:
4249:Ruth Bielfeldt
4241:
4228:
4215:
4202:
4189:
4177:
4164:
4151:
4138:
4136:Tucker, p. 34.
4129:
4117:
4096:
4076:
4053:
4033:
4015:(PhD thesis).
4001:
3999:Tucker, p. 36.
3992:
3975:
3962:
3949:
3936:
3924:
3911:
3892:
3883:
3875:Harald Mielsch
3867:
3855:
3835:
3822:
3809:
3791:
3778:
3745:
3701:
3676:
3660:
3641:
3630:
3621:
3581:
3560:
3535:
3510:
3498:
3482:
3469:
3457:
3445:
3408:
3395:
3382:
3369:
3353:Ulrich Huttner
3345:
3329:Ulrich Huttner
3321:
3300:
3275:
3253:
3240:
3227:
3214:
3201:
3188:
3161:
3152:
3112:Kramers, J. H.
3108:Gibb, H. A. R.
3081:
3074:
3039:
3024:
3011:
2999:
2986:
2973:
2966:
2946:
2915:
2908:
2888:
2876:
2863:
2835:
2815:
2805:Jörg Schäfer:
2798:
2786:
2774:
2763:
2754:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2587:
2579:
2578:Notable people
2576:
2570:
2567:
2545:
2542:
2505:
2502:
2484:
2481:
2473:Prostas houses
2467:
2464:
2447:
2444:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2309:
2308:Serapis Temple
2306:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2260:
2259:the South Stoa
2257:
2256:the North Stoa
2254:
2216:Main article:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2189:
2186:
2174:Antoninus Pius
2142:
2139:
2095:
2092:
2062:temple in the
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
1990:
1987:
1975:Main article:
1972:
1969:
1920:
1917:
1888:
1885:
1873:portrait heads
1857:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1784:
1781:
1741:
1738:
1660:Pergamon Altar
1658:Main article:
1655:
1654:Pergamon Altar
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1631:Bergama Museum
1577:Ottoman Empire
1525:Charles Texier
1483:. 1879 sketch.
1469:
1466:
1313:, but his son
1278:
1275:
1261:had two large
1251:Ottoman beylik
1221:Fourth Crusade
1149: 711–713
1130:Theme of Samos
1126: 886–912
1104: 641–668
1084:
1081:
1077:late antiquity
936:Mithridates VI
928:
925:
913:Roman province
885:armed uprising
859:' monopoly on
687:
684:
683:
682:
671:
664:
662:
647:
640:
550:Archaic period
545:
542:
540:
537:
507:
504:
502:List in 2014.
463:Pergamon Altar
316:
315:
312:
311:
308:
304:
303:
300:
296:
295:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
273:
270:
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
214:
213:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
107:İzmir Province
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
81:
72:
71:
65:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
50:
49:
43:
32:Pergamon Press
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15332:
15321:
15318:
15316:
15313:
15311:
15308:
15306:
15303:
15301:
15298:
15296:
15293:
15291:
15288:
15286:
15283:
15281:
15278:
15276:
15273:
15271:
15268:
15266:
15263:
15261:
15258:
15256:
15253:
15252:
15250:
15235:
15234:
15225:
15223:
15222:
15211:
15210:
15207:
15201:
15198:
15197:
15195:
15191:
15185:
15182:
15180:
15177:
15175:
15171:
15168:
15167:
15165:
15163:
15159:
15153:
15149:
15146:
15145:
15143:
15141:
15140:Mediterranean
15137:
15131:
15128:
15126:
15123:
15121:
15117:
15114:
15112:
15108:
15105:
15104:
15102:
15100:
15096:
15090:
15087:
15085:
15082:
15081:
15079:
15077:
15076:East Anatolia
15073:
15067:
15063:
15060:
15058:
15055:
15053:
15050:
15048:
15045:
15044:
15042:
15040:
15036:
15030:
15027:
15025:
15022:
15021:
15019:
15017:
15013:
15007:
15004:
15002:
14998:
14995:
14993:
14990:
14988:
14985:
14984:
14982:
14980:
14976:
14972:
14965:
14960:
14958:
14953:
14951:
14946:
14945:
14942:
14834:
14830:
14823:
14818:
14816:
14811:
14809:
14804:
14803:
14800:
14788:
14785:
14783:
14780:
14778:
14775:
14773:
14770:
14768:
14765:
14763:
14760:
14758:
14755:
14753:
14750:
14748:
14745:
14743:
14740:
14738:
14735:
14733:
14730:
14728:
14725:
14723:
14720:
14718:
14715:
14713:
14710:
14708:
14705:
14703:
14700:
14698:
14695:
14693:
14690:
14688:
14685:
14683:
14680:
14678:
14675:
14673:
14670:
14668:
14665:
14663:
14660:
14658:
14655:
14653:
14650:
14648:
14645:
14643:
14640:
14638:
14635:
14633:
14630:
14629:
14627:
14625:
14619:
14613:
14610:
14608:
14605:
14603:
14600:
14598:
14595:
14593:
14590:
14588:
14585:
14583:
14580:
14578:
14575:
14573:
14570:
14568:
14565:
14563:
14560:
14558:
14555:
14553:
14550:
14548:
14545:
14543:
14540:
14538:
14535:
14533:
14530:
14528:
14525:
14523:
14520:
14518:
14515:
14513:
14510:
14508:
14505:
14503:
14500:
14498:
14495:
14493:
14490:
14488:
14485:
14483:
14482:Tell Judaidah
14480:
14478:
14475:
14473:
14470:
14468:
14465:
14463:
14460:
14458:
14455:
14453:
14450:
14448:
14445:
14443:
14440:
14438:
14435:
14433:
14430:
14428:
14425:
14423:
14420:
14418:
14415:
14413:
14410:
14408:
14405:
14403:
14400:
14398:
14395:
14393:
14390:
14388:
14385:
14383:
14380:
14378:
14375:
14373:
14370:
14368:
14365:
14363:
14360:
14358:
14355:
14353:
14350:
14348:
14345:
14343:
14340:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14330:
14328:
14325:
14323:
14320:
14318:
14315:
14313:
14310:
14308:
14305:
14303:
14300:
14298:
14295:
14293:
14290:
14288:
14285:
14283:
14280:
14278:
14275:
14273:
14270:
14268:
14265:
14263:
14260:
14258:
14255:
14253:
14250:
14248:
14245:
14243:
14240:
14238:
14235:
14233:
14230:
14228:
14225:
14223:
14220:
14218:
14215:
14213:
14210:
14208:
14205:
14203:
14200:
14198:
14195:
14193:
14190:
14188:
14185:
14183:
14180:
14178:
14175:
14173:
14170:
14168:
14165:
14163:
14160:
14158:
14155:
14153:
14150:
14148:
14145:
14143:
14140:
14138:
14135:
14133:
14130:
14128:
14125:
14123:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14113:
14110:
14108:
14105:
14103:
14100:
14098:
14095:
14093:
14090:
14088:
14085:
14083:
14080:
14078:
14075:
14073:
14070:
14068:
14065:
14063:
14060:
14058:
14055:
14053:
14050:
14048:
14045:
14043:
14040:
14038:
14035:
14033:
14030:
14028:
14025:
14023:
14020:
14017:
14014:
14012:
14009:
14007:
14004:
14002:
13999:
13997:
13996:Mamure Castle
13994:
13992:
13991:Mampsoukrenai
13989:
13987:
13984:
13982:
13979:
13977:
13974:
13972:
13969:
13967:
13964:
13962:
13959:
13957:
13954:
13952:
13949:
13947:
13944:
13942:
13939:
13937:
13934:
13932:
13929:
13927:
13924:
13922:
13919:
13917:
13914:
13912:
13909:
13907:
13904:
13902:
13899:
13897:
13894:
13892:
13889:
13887:
13884:
13882:
13879:
13877:
13874:
13872:
13869:
13867:
13864:
13862:
13859:
13857:
13854:
13852:
13849:
13847:
13844:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13834:
13832:
13829:
13827:
13824:
13822:
13819:
13817:
13814:
13812:
13809:
13807:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13782:
13781:Isaura Palaea
13779:
13777:
13774:
13772:
13769:
13767:
13764:
13762:
13759:
13757:
13754:
13752:
13749:
13747:
13744:
13742:
13739:
13737:
13734:
13732:
13729:
13727:
13724:
13722:
13719:
13717:
13714:
13712:
13709:
13707:
13704:
13702:
13699:
13697:
13694:
13692:
13689:
13687:
13684:
13682:
13679:
13677:
13674:
13672:
13669:
13667:
13664:
13662:
13659:
13657:
13654:
13652:
13649:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13637:
13634:
13632:
13629:
13627:
13624:
13622:
13619:
13617:
13614:
13612:
13609:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13599:
13597:
13594:
13592:
13589:
13587:
13584:
13582:
13579:
13577:
13574:
13572:
13569:
13567:
13564:
13562:
13559:
13557:
13554:
13552:
13549:
13547:
13544:
13542:
13539:
13537:
13534:
13532:
13529:
13527:
13524:
13522:
13519:
13517:
13514:
13512:
13509:
13507:
13504:
13502:
13499:
13497:
13494:
13492:
13489:
13487:
13484:
13482:
13479:
13477:
13474:
13472:
13469:
13467:
13464:
13462:
13459:
13457:
13454:
13452:
13449:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13439:
13437:
13434:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13397:
13394:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13372:
13369:
13367:
13364:
13362:
13359:
13357:
13354:
13352:
13349:
13347:
13344:
13342:
13339:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13327:
13324:
13322:
13319:
13317:
13314:
13312:
13309:
13307:
13304:
13302:
13299:
13297:
13294:
13292:
13289:
13287:
13284:
13282:
13279:
13277:
13274:
13272:
13269:
13267:
13264:
13262:
13259:
13257:
13254:
13253:
13251:
13249:
13248:Mediterranean
13245:
13239:
13236:
13234:
13231:
13229:
13226:
13224:
13221:
13219:
13216:
13213:
13209:
13206:
13204:
13201:
13199:
13196:
13194:
13191:
13189:
13186:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13174:
13171:
13169:
13166:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13101:
13099:
13096:
13094:
13091:
13089:
13086:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13074:
13071:
13069:
13066:
13064:
13061:
13059:
13056:
13054:
13051:
13049:
13046:
13044:
13041:
13039:
13036:
13034:
13031:
13029:
13026:
13024:
13023:Pyrrhias Cyon
13021:
13019:
13016:
13014:
13011:
13009:
13006:
13004:
13001:
12999:
12996:
12994:
12991:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12949:
12946:
12944:
12941:
12939:
12936:
12934:
12931:
12929:
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12884:
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12849:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12834:
12831:
12829:
12826:
12824:
12821:
12819:
12816:
12814:
12811:
12809:
12806:
12804:
12801:
12799:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12781:
12779:
12776:
12774:
12771:
12769:
12766:
12764:
12761:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12751:
12749:
12746:
12744:
12741:
12739:
12736:
12734:
12731:
12729:
12726:
12724:
12721:
12719:
12716:
12714:
12711:
12709:
12706:
12704:
12701:
12699:
12696:
12694:
12691:
12689:
12686:
12684:
12681:
12679:
12676:
12674:
12671:
12669:
12666:
12664:
12661:
12659:
12656:
12654:
12651:
12649:
12646:
12644:
12641:
12639:
12636:
12634:
12631:
12629:
12626:
12624:
12621:
12619:
12616:
12614:
12611:
12609:
12606:
12604:
12601:
12599:
12596:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12579:
12576:
12574:
12571:
12569:
12566:
12564:
12561:
12559:
12556:
12554:
12551:
12549:
12546:
12544:
12541:
12539:
12536:
12534:
12531:
12529:
12526:
12524:
12521:
12519:
12516:
12514:
12511:
12509:
12506:
12504:
12501:
12499:
12496:
12494:
12491:
12489:
12486:
12484:
12481:
12479:
12476:
12474:
12471:
12469:
12466:
12464:
12461:
12459:
12456:
12454:
12451:
12449:
12446:
12444:
12441:
12439:
12436:
12434:
12431:
12429:
12426:
12424:
12421:
12419:
12416:
12414:
12411:
12409:
12406:
12404:
12401:
12399:
12396:
12394:
12391:
12389:
12386:
12384:
12381:
12379:
12376:
12374:
12371:
12369:
12366:
12364:
12361:
12359:
12356:
12354:
12351:
12349:
12346:
12344:
12341:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12309:
12306:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12231:
12229:
12226:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12214:
12211:
12209:
12206:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12159:
12156:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12148:Caenophrurium
12146:
12144:
12141:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12111:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12064:
12063:Basilinopolis
12061:
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12048:Baradendromia
12046:
12044:
12041:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12024:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12014:
12011:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12001:
11999:
11996:
11994:
11991:
11989:
11986:
11984:
11981:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11969:
11966:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11956:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11948:Apamea Myrlea
11946:
11944:
11941:
11939:
11936:
11934:
11931:
11929:
11928:Alopeconnesus
11926:
11924:
11921:
11919:
11916:
11914:
11911:
11909:
11906:
11904:
11901:
11899:
11896:
11894:
11891:
11889:
11886:
11884:
11881:
11879:
11876:
11874:
11871:
11869:
11866:
11865:
11863:
11861:
11857:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11843:
11841:
11838:
11836:
11833:
11831:
11828:
11826:
11823:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11813:
11811:
11808:
11806:
11803:
11801:
11798:
11796:
11793:
11792:
11790:
11788:
11784:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11678:
11675:
11673:
11670:
11668:
11665:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11655:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11550:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11435:
11433:
11430:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11418:
11415:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11286:Faustinopolis
11284:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11269:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11179:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10986:Abouadeineita
10984:
10983:
10981:
10979:
10975:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10934:
10931:
10929:
10926:
10924:
10921:
10919:
10916:
10914:
10911:
10909:
10906:
10904:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10841:
10839:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10766:
10764:
10761:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
10739:
10736:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10726:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10688:Garzoubanthon
10686:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10661:
10659:
10656:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10465:
10463:
10461:
10457:
10451:
10450:Zingotos Kome
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10380:Tlos in Caria
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10326:
10323:
10321:
10318:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10165:Side in Caria
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9775:Meiros Megale
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9730:Maeandropolis
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9530:Kaymakçı Tepe
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9405:Hierocaesarea
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9350:Halicarnassus
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9200:Dionysiopolis
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8700:Achaion Limen
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8687:
8685:
8683:
8679:
8675:
8668:
8663:
8661:
8656:
8654:
8649:
8648:
8645:
8633:
8623:
8622:
8619:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8567:Armenia Minor
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8550:Classical Age
8548:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8519:
8515:
8511:
8507:
8503:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8440:
8438:
8434:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8329:
8325:
8321:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8286:Assuwa League
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8267:
8263:
8256:
8251:
8249:
8244:
8242:
8237:
8236:
8233:
8216:
8200:
8184:
8168:
8152:
8136:
8120:
8106:
8096:
8092:
8085:
8080:
8078:
8073:
8071:
8066:
8065:
8062:
8050:
8042:
8040:
8036:
8032:
8030:
8022:
8021:
8018:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7981:
7978:
7977:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7969:
7962:
7958:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7803:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7680:
7677:
7673:
7669:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7600:
7596:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7549:Hemeroscopion
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7518:
7512:
7509:
7506:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7284:
7280:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7126:Magna Graecia
7123:
7119:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7053:
7049:
7043:
7040:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
7000:Arcadocypriot
6998:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6968:
6964:
6954:
6953:Zeus, Olympia
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6938:Hera, Olympia
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6906:
6902:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6861:
6857:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6841:Mount Olympus
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6809:Sacred places
6807:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6758:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6633:Olympic Games
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6623:Homosexuality
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6464:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6197:
6193:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6037:
6033:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5993:Seleucid army
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5889:
5885:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5667:Delian League
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5643:
5640:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5623:Ionian League
5621:
5611:
5608:
5604: 560 BC
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5581:
5577:
5571:
5568:
5566:
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5490:
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5409:
5402:
5399:
5397:
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5392:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:Magna Graecia
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
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5308:
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5301:
5298:
5296:
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5288:
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5283:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
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5260:
5258:
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5253:
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5245:
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5240:
5238:
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5234:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5176:
5171:
5169:
5164:
5162:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5145:
5141:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5046:Volume XV 3:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5035:Volume XV 2:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:Volume XI 5:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4960:Volume XI 1:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4848:Das Traianeum
4845:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4823:Georg Kawerau
4820:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4771:
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4764:
4760:
4756:
4753:
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4745:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4683:
4674:
4669:
4665:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4641:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4616:9781478343585
4612:
4608:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4573:9781846144288
4569:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4554:1-4051-3278-7
4550:
4546:
4541:
4537:
4535:9789757487012
4531:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4516:0-8014-0615-3
4512:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4496:(4): 348–352.
4495:
4492:(in German).
4491:
4486:
4485:
4472:
4466:
4458:
4452:
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4440:
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4287:
4280:
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4133:
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4107:
4103:
4099:
4097:9789607905543
4093:
4089:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4054:9783110011975
4050:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4030:
4019:. p. 142
4018:
4014:
4013:
4005:
3996:
3989:
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3959:
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3859:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3826:
3819:
3813:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3799:Helmut Müller
3795:
3788:
3782:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3762:3-11-015555-9
3759:
3755:
3749:
3742:
3740:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3694:September 24,
3690:
3686:
3680:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3648:Yeomans, S.,
3645:
3639:
3634:
3625:
3619:
3618:3-8053-3307-2
3615:
3611:
3607:
3606:Huberta Heres
3603:
3602:3-8030-1045-4
3599:
3595:
3591:
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3570:
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3550:
3546:
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3507:
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3492:
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3449:
3442:
3441:3-447-05430-1
3438:
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3405:
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3373:
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3365:3-515-07039-7
3362:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3342:
3341:3-515-07039-7
3338:
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3325:
3318:
3317:0-674-03586-0
3314:
3310:
3304:
3297:
3296:0-631-22537-4
3293:
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3279:
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3250:
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3185:
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3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
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3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3075:0-19-504652-8
3071:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3015:
3008:
3003:
2996:
2990:
2983:
2977:
2969:
2967:9781444359596
2963:
2959:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2929:public domain
2919:
2911:
2909:9780884010890
2905:
2901:
2900:
2892:
2885:
2880:
2873:
2867:
2860:
2857:
2856:
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2832:
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2824:
2819:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2795:
2790:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2767:
2758:
2744:
2740:
2739:"ΤΟ ΠΕΡΓΑΜΟΝ"
2734:
2730:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
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2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2591:
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2585:
2582:
2581:
2575:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2510:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2489:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2357:Saint Antipas
2354:
2351:According to
2349:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2314:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2224:
2219:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2100:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2047:
2033:
2031:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1995:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1791:The Traianeum
1789:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1715:New Testament
1711:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1615:Wolfgang Radt
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1545:Ernst Curtius
1541:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1509:Sublime Porte
1506:
1501:
1499:
1498:George Wheler
1495:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1461:Τήλεφις πόλις
1451:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1293:, the son of
1292:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1188:
1184:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1006:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
982:imperial cult
979:
976:, granted by
975:
971:
970:
964:
961:
957:
952:
948:
941:
937:
933:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
805:Antiochus III
802:
798:
795:
791:
788:, during the
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
761:159–138; and
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
726:
721:
714:
713:
707:
701:
698:on a coin of
697:
692:
679:
675:
668:
663:
659:
655:
651:
644:
639:
638:
637:
635:
631:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
536:
533:
528:
526:
521:
512:
503:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
472:
471:New Testament
469:cited in the
468:
464:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:ancient Greek
410:
400:
394:
359:
326:
322:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
69:
60:
56:
51:
41:
33:
19:
15231:
15212:
15184:Mount Nemrut
15179:Göbekli Tepe
15005:
14687:Göbekli Tepe
14622:Southeastern
14487:Tell Tayinat
14182:Panemotichus
13811:Juliosebaste
13551:Claudiopolis
13546:Cibyra Mikra
13326:Ano Kotradis
13173:Tesderamoska
13053:Rouphinianai
12883:Pericharaxis
12748:Nausimachion
12563:Katapaspanas
12373:Didymateiche
12073:Bathys Limen
12043:Aureliopolis
11737:Tiberiopolis
11642:Sadagolthina
11321:Hieropotamon
11241:Dometiopolis
11176:Comitanassus
11116:Binbirkilise
11111:Bathys Rhyax
11026:Antoniopolis
10991:Alişar Hüyük
10853:Pompeiopolis
10548:Callistratia
10468:Abonoteichos
10395:Trapezopolis
10390:Traianopolis
10009:
9390:Hermocapelia
8930:Augustopolis
8870:Arcadiopolis
8498:Neo-Hittites
8150:
7844:Dionysopolis
7814:Abonoteichos
7766:Pantikapaion
7356:Hybla Heraea
6692:Architecture
6648:Prostitution
6337:Aristophanes
6196:Philosophers
6166:Philosophers
5998:Spartan army
5729:(280–146 BC)
5717:(338–322 BC)
5711:(370–168 BC)
5699:(374–196 BC)
5693:(378–355 BC)
5675:(430–348 BC)
5669:(478–404 BC)
5663:(499–449 BC)
5458:
5350:Peloponnesus
5272:Roman Greece
5143:
5097:Online books
5087:
5069:
5058:
5051:
5040:
5037:Klaus Rheidt
5029:
5022:
5015:
5008:
5005:Klaus Nohlen
5003:Volume XII:
4997:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4954:
4947:
4932:
4919:Digitisation
4914:
4909:Digitisation
4904:
4892:Digitisation
4887:
4882:Digitisation
4877:
4874:Franz Winter
4865:Digitisation
4860:
4852:Digitisation
4847:
4842:Volume V 2:
4835:Digitisation
4830:
4821:Volume V 1:
4814:Digitisation
4809:
4801:Digitisation
4796:
4784:Digitisation
4779:
4767:Digitisation
4762:
4759:Richard Bohn
4751:
4746:Volume I 4:
4739:Digitisation
4734:
4726:
4721:Digitisation
4716:
4708:
4704:
4688:
4686:
4681:
4672:
4663:
4654:
4645:
4628:
4606:
4595:
4582:
4563:
4544:
4525:
4502:
4493:
4489:
4482:Bibliography
4465:
4451:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4416:
4412:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4382:
4377:
4369:
4364:
4356:
4351:
4343:
4338:
4330:
4325:
4317:
4312:
4304:
4299:
4291:
4286:
4278:
4273:
4265:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4231:
4223:
4218:
4210:
4205:
4197:
4192:
4184:
4180:
4172:
4167:
4159:
4154:
4146:
4141:
4132:
4120:
4109:. Retrieved
4086:
4079:
4043:
4036:
4027:
4021:. Retrieved
4011:
4004:
3995:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3970:
3965:
3957:
3952:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3927:
3919:
3914:
3895:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3850:
3842:
3838:
3830:
3825:
3817:
3812:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3768:. Vol. 10);
3765:
3764:, pp. 8–38 (
3753:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3730:. Retrieved
3718:
3714:
3704:
3692:. Retrieved
3688:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3633:
3624:
3609:
3593:
3584:
3573:. Retrieved
3571:. 2022-06-02
3563:
3552:. Retrieved
3548:
3538:
3527:. Retrieved
3523:the original
3513:
3505:
3501:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3477:
3472:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3448:
3432:
3416:
3411:
3403:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3380:p. 164.
3377:
3372:
3356:
3348:
3332:
3324:
3308:
3303:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3264:
3256:
3243:
3230:
3217:
3204:
3191:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3155:
3138:
3131:
3063:
3032:
3027:
3019:
3014:
3002:
2994:
2989:
2981:
2976:
2956:
2949:
2938:
2918:
2898:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2871:
2866:
2853:
2846:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2766:
2757:
2746:. Retrieved
2742:
2733:
2712:
2643:Aelius Nicon
2574:lavatories.
2572:
2569:Inscriptions
2551:
2547:
2544:Water supply
2538:Red Basilica
2531:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2507:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2469:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2412:sent to the
2363:ordained by
2359:, the first
2350:
2340:
2336:
2333:Red Basilica
2322:
2318:Red Basilica
2248:
2229:
2191:
2182:
2166:Antae temple
2155:
2152:
2136:
2113:
2105:
2088:bath complex
2084:antae temple
2072:
2052:
2027:
2004:
1980:
1957:
1930:
1902:temple. The
1892:
1890:
1866:
1801:Zeus Philios
1794:
1768:
1764:
1751:
1712:
1699:Gigantomachy
1691:
1679:
1635:
1624:
1620:Felix Pirson
1602:Red Basilica
1591:
1573:
1533:
1528:
1502:
1486:
1480:
1449:
1446:
1415:
1367:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1326:
1288:
1267:Hagia Sophia
1240:
1214:
1161:
1159:in 717–718.
1112:
1086:
1054:
1038:amphitheatre
1010:
967:
965:
944:
927:Roman period
878:
852:
829:
779:
729:
710:
656:. Pergamon,
618:
594:Tissaphernes
579:Ten Thousand
572:
566:
547:
529:
517:
497:
478:
451:
437:(modern-day
408:
324:
320:
319:
207:Aelius Nicon
44:τὸ Πέργαμον
15111:Cumalıkızık
14987:Aphrodisias
14717:Nevalı Çori
14542:Tragalassus
14372:Serraepolis
14297:Rhodiapolis
14217:Perminounda
14207:Pednelissus
14177:Palaeopolis
14067:Moron Hydor
13836:Karakabaklı
13821:Kalelibelen
13701:Flaviopolis
13651:Diocaesarea
13556:Colybrassus
13511:Carmylessus
13361:Antiphellus
13058:Salmydessus
12998:Proconnesus
12768:Neonteichos
12693:Miletopolis
12548:Kalos Agros
12523:Ilieon Kome
12233:Chrysopolis
11993:Argyropolis
11953:Aphrodisias
11898:Aegospotami
11810:Cafer Höyük
11767:Verinopolis
11647:Salamboreia
11602:Pillitokome
11346:Isauropolis
11231:Diocaesarea
11146:Carus Vicus
11081:Aspenzinsos
11061:Ariaramneia
10833:Philocaleia
10793:Naustathmus
10728:Hieron Oros
10503:Anticinolis
10483:Alaca Höyük
10295:Temenothyra
10095:Pordoselene
9955:Palaeopolis
9950:Palaemyndus
9885:Neonteichos
9760:Marathesium
9445:Hypokremnos
9175:Dareioukome
9050:Carmylessus
8980:Beycesultan
8825:Aphrodisias
8720:Adramyttium
8602:Paphlagonia
8306:Hayasa-Azzi
7992:Place names
7904:Salmydessus
7726:Kalos Limen
7706:Chersonesus
7696:Borysthenes
7401:Tauromenion
7213:Metapontion
6975:Proto-Greek
6928:Erechtheion
6923:Athena Nike
6885:Philippeion
6714:Mathematics
6685:and science
6568:Agriculture
6432:Stesichorus
6342:Bacchylides
6332:Archilochus
6219:Antisthenes
6209:Anaximander
6181:Seven Sages
6171:Playwrights
6151:Geographers
6146:Astronomers
5973:Pezhetairos
5600: 1100
5580:Federations
5479:Megalopolis
5416:City states
5391:City states
5048:Ulrike Wulf
4938:Volume IX:
4901:Max Fränkel
4757:Volume II:
4490:Antike Welt
4399:Antike Welt
3549:Daily Sabah
3184:Digitalisat
3128:Pellat, Ch.
3120:Schacht, J.
2833:. Vol. 17).
2823:Kurt Bittel
2618:Apollodorus
2483:Open spaces
2377:brazen bull
2274: [
2236:Asclepieion
2118:tetrastyle
2066:. A roofed
1757: [
1695:high relief
1644:Main sights
1536:Carl Humann
1382:Neoptolemus
1142:Philippicus
1097:Constans II
1061:Hippocrates
901:M. Perperna
891:, a famous
881:Aristonicus
811:domains in
771:Antiochus I
763:Attalus III
739:Philetaerus
696:Philetaerus
619:In 362 BC,
598:Pharnabazus
562:stone tools
452:During the
290:2014 (38th
287:Inscription
151: /
127:Coordinates
15249:Categories
15066:Cappadocia
15047:Çatalhöyük
15029:Safranbolu
14997:Hierapolis
14762:Sultantepe
14657:Carchemish
14562:Tyberissus
14522:Titiopolis
14467:Tardequeia
14382:Sibidounda
14322:Sagalassos
14252:Pisarissos
14072:Moumoustra
14057:Mopsuestia
14052:Mopsucrene
14042:Mezgitkale
13901:Kynosarion
13776:Isaura Nea
13771:Irenopolis
13736:Hierapolis
13606:Cretopolis
13581:Coracesium
13496:Callimache
13178:Tetrakomia
13123:Smintheion
13073:Scamandrus
13068:Scamandria
13003:Proochthoi
12978:Pratomysia
12968:Potamonion
12958:Polymedium
12948:Poleatikon
12943:Poemanenum
12918:Phosphorus
12893:Petrozetoi
12873:Pentephyle
12838:Pantichium
12793:Ophryneion
12743:Nausikleia
12723:Moukaporis
12683:Mantineion
12673:Lysimachia
12543:Kale Peuke
12493:Heracleium
12418:Ergasteria
12408:Elekosmioi
12223:Choiragria
12128:Burtudizon
12108:Blachernae
11988:Argyronion
11888:Ad Statuas
11883:Achilleion
11820:Citharizum
11805:Arsamosata
11632:Purushanda
11502:Moutalaske
11396:Kodylessos
11351:Juliopolis
11341:Irenopolis
11261:Ergobrotis
11196:Coropassus
11151:Çatalhöyük
11066:Ariarathia
10948:Yazılıkaya
10918:Themiscyra
10873:Salatiwara
10848:Polemonium
10773:Libiopolis
10748:Ischopolis
10723:Hermonassa
10718:Heracleium
10325:Teuthrania
10285:Teichiussa
10215:Stectorium
10190:Skolopoeis
10105:Prymnessus
9980:Parthenium
9780:Melampagos
9720:Lysimachia
9685:Leucophrys
9545:Klazomenai
9505:Kalabantia
9470:Ioniapolis
9400:Hieropolis
9395:Hierapolis
9180:Dideiphyta
9100:Chrysaoris
9030:Callipolis
8577:Cappadocia
8557:Antigonids
8506:Carchemish
8453:Cimmerians
8393:Purushanda
8388:Sagalassos
8324:Kizzuwatna
8291:Carchemish
8269:Bronze Age
7894:Polemonion
7771:Phanagoria
7741:Kimmerikon
7736:Kerkinitis
7721:Hermonassa
7711:Dioscurias
7607:Aspalathos
7554:Kalathousa
7529:Akra Leuke
7458:Phoenicusa
7243:Scylletium
7228:Poseidonia
7148:Brentesion
7035:Pamphylian
7030:Macedonian
6948:Samothrace
6933:Hephaestus
6880:Long Walls
6859:Structures
6800:Underworld
6746:Technology
6709:Literature
6643:Philosophy
6608:Euergetism
6497:By culture
6442:Thucydides
6284:Pythagoras
6279:Protagoras
6269:Parmenides
6254:Heraclitus
6239:Empedocles
6229:Democritus
6214:Anaximenes
6204:Anaxagoras
6156:Historians
5649: 595
5636: 550
5617: 800
5602: – c.
5530:Cappadocia
5335:Ionian Sea
5325:Hellespont
5290:Aegean Sea
4111:2023-09-17
4023:2023-09-17
3732:2023-09-17
3575:2022-08-12
3554:2022-08-12
3529:2010-11-10
3247:Pausanias
3234:Pausanias
3221:Pausanias
3208:Pausanias
3195:Pausanias
2980:P. Green,
2870:Xenophon,
2813:. Vol. 2).
2748:2020-02-26
2725:References
2369:Christians
2337:Kızıl Avlu
2160:temple of
1936:peripteros
1893:Kathegemon
1808:peripteros
1805:Corinthian
1722:the author
1494:Jacob Spon
1450:Telephidai
1422:Antigonids
1394:Andromache
1311:Trojan War
1307:Teuthrania
1299:Epic Cycle
1215:After the
1022:metropolis
945:In 88 BC,
909:Cappadocia
853:pergamenos
813:Asia Minor
759:Attalus II
755:Eumenes II
733:, King of
731:Lysimachus
558:Bronze Age
431:promontory
427:Aegean Sea
217:Site notes
167:Settlement
139:27°11′03″E
136:39°07′57″N
15016:Black Sea
15001:Pamukkale
14732:Sakçagözü
14702:Khashshum
14597:Yumuktepe
14547:Trebendae
14527:Tityassus
14507:Termessos
14492:Telmessos
14477:Teimiussa
14437:Sozopolis
14332:Saraganda
14327:Sandalium
14302:Rhoscopus
14292:Ptolemais
14282:Prostanna
14242:Phoenicus
14187:Panhormus
14172:Padyandus
14122:Octapolis
14092:Myriandus
14032:Melanippe
13971:Magastara
13876:Kitanaura
13851:Kastellon
13831:Kanytelis
13816:Kalanthia
13756:Idebessos
13741:Hippucome
13711:Gözlükule
13676:Epiphania
13656:Domuztepe
13536:Charadrus
13521:Castabala
13401:Arnabanda
13381:Arabissus
13331:Antigonia
13321:Anemurium
13301:Anazarbus
13261:Acarassus
13256:Acalissus
13148:Tarpodizo
13133:Strobilos
13093:Selymbria
13048:Rhoiteion
12973:Praenetus
12953:Polychron
12898:Pharmakia
12888:Perinthus
12843:Parabolos
12808:Ostreodes
12788:Ontoraita
12778:Nicomedia
12753:Neandreia
12728:Myrileion
12713:Morzapena
12703:Mochadion
12688:Marpessos
12623:Lasthenes
12613:Lampsacus
12608:Lamponeia
12598:Kyparodes
12538:Kalasyrta
12478:Harpagion
12473:Hamaxitus
12458:Hadriania
12378:Diolkides
12333:Dascylium
12203:Charmidea
12193:Chalcedon
12178:Cenchreae
12138:Byzantium
12103:Bithynium
12038:Aureliane
11893:Adrasteia
11795:Altıntepe
11742:Trocmades
11717:Takourtha
11692:Sidamaria
11617:Pontanena
11567:Pedachtoë
11562:Parnassus
11522:Nazianzus
11452:Malandasa
11432:Laroumada
11422:Lamatorma
11251:Ecdaumava
11246:Dorylaeum
11216:Dadastana
11191:Corniaspa
11181:Congustus
11161:Ciscissus
11136:Camuliana
11056:Ardistama
11031:Anzoulada
11011:Andabalis
11001:Anadynata
10928:Timolaeum
10883:Sandaraca
10823:Pharnacia
10803:Nicopolis
10478:Aiginetes
10460:Black Sea
10420:Tyanollos
10370:Thyssanus
10365:Thymbrara
10335:Theangela
10330:Thasthara
10290:Telandrus
10275:Tateikome
10230:Strobilos
10090:Polybotus
10015:Perperene
9900:Nymphaeum
9870:Naulochus
9865:Naulochon
9835:Myloukome
9785:Meloukome
9690:Limantepe
9605:Labraunda
9435:Hyllarima
9355:Halisarna
9335:Gerriadai
9225:Doroukome
9160:Cyllandus
9090:Chalcetor
9000:Boukolion
8860:Aragokome
8840:Apollonis
8810:Antandrus
8725:Agatheira
8695:Abrostola
8587:Commagene
7980:in Epirus
7929:Trapezous
7874:Mesambria
7859:Eupatoria
7829:Apollonia
7824:Anchialos
7786:Theodosia
7756:Nymphaion
7746:Myrmekion
7716:Gorgippia
7672:Black Sea
7657:Tragurion
7642:Nymphaion
7627:Epidauros
7622:Epidamnos
7612:Apollonia
7589:Zacynthos
7511:Ptolemais
7505:Apollonia
7478:Cyrenaica
7468:Therassía
7463:Strongyle
7443:Ereikousa
7366:Leontinoi
7306:Apollonia
7183:Hipponion
6980:Mycenaean
6943:Parthenon
6875:Lion Gate
6778:Mythology
6741:Sculpture
6704:Astronomy
6638:Pederasty
6613:Festivals
6598:Education
6478:Lawgivers
6447:Timocreon
6427:Sophocles
6422:Simonides
6397:Philocles
6392:Panyassis
6387:Mimnermus
6352:Herodotus
6347:Euripides
6317:Aeschylus
6264:Leucippus
6224:Aristotle
6003:Strategos
5869:Synedrion
5823:Ostracism
5803:Areopagus
5755:Free city
5550:Macedonia
5434:Byzantion
5340:Macedonia
5305:Cyrenaica
5282:Geography
5216:Geography
4425:0343-1223
4063:1868-9876
3176:(Hrsg.):
3147:495469456
3137:Volume I:
3124:Lewis, B.
3104:"Bergama"
2984:, p. 168.
2855:Hellenica
2677:Sosipatra
2665:Oribasius
2398:martyrdom
2294:a library
2232:Asclepius
2124:triglyphs
2076:palaestra
2055:gymnasium
2041:Gymnasium
1945:triglyphs
1909:Caracalla
1777:orchestra
1769:diazomata
1676:, Germany
1455:Τηλεφίδαι
1442:Philip II
1430:Seleucids
1418:Ptolemies
1374:eponymous
1363:Agamemnon
1339:Euripides
1331:Sophocles
1323:Aeschylus
1315:Eurypylus
1263:alabaster
1259:Murad III
1198:local see
1183:Neokastra
1128:) of the
1093:acropolis
1065:Caracalla
1042:Asclepius
974:neocorate
969:conventus
951:first war
857:Ptolemies
849:parchment
837:Acropolis
799:. In the
775:Galatians
757:197–159;
753:241–197;
751:Attalus I
749:263–241;
747:Eumenes I
725:Attalus I
700:Eumenes I
694:Image of
489:acropolis
277:Reference
230:Ownership
222:Condition
18:Pergamese
15260:Pergamon
15233:Category
15120:Istanbul
15006:Pergamon
14742:Samosata
14624:Anatolia
14592:Yanıkhan
14582:Typallia
14572:Tymandus
14552:Trebenna
14537:Toriaeum
14462:Tapureli
14367:Seroiata
14317:Sabandus
14312:Rygmanoi
14267:Platanus
14257:Pisurgia
14222:Phaselis
14157:Orokenda
14112:Nephelis
14022:Mastaura
14011:Marciana
13921:Lebessus
13891:Korasion
13881:Kodroula
13866:Kiphisos
13841:Karatepe
13671:Emirzeli
13666:Elbessos
13596:Corydala
13526:Ceretapa
13506:Carallia
13491:Cadyanda
13481:Cabassus
13471:Bindaios
13431:Aspendos
13426:Arycanda
13421:Artanada
13391:Ariassus
13316:Andriaca
13306:Anchiale
13233:Utsurgae
13223:Tzurulum
13218:Tyrodiza
13212:Hisarlik
13188:Tragasai
13158:Tattaios
13143:Syllanta
13118:Sirkanos
13098:Semystra
13063:Sangarus
13028:Pytheion
13018:Psyllium
12938:Ploketta
12853:Paulines
12798:Orestias
12718:Mossynea
12698:Mocasura
12663:Lupadium
12593:Koubaita
12588:Kosilaos
12513:Iasonion
12498:Hermaion
12483:Hebdomon
12433:Gentinos
12423:Eribolum
12328:Dardanus
12308:Dacibyza
12303:Dadokome
12283:Crithote
12273:Crenides
12268:Cremaste
12253:Cocylium
12188:Chalcaea
12143:Byzapena
12118:Boradion
12093:Bisanthe
12068:Bathonea
11943:Anaplous
11878:Achaiion
11815:Camachus
11757:Tyriaeum
11677:Senzousa
11652:Salarama
11587:Pessinus
11557:Papirion
11552:Orcistus
11517:Nakoleia
11507:Musbanda
11492:Mokissos
11477:Midaeium
11437:Lauzadus
11413:(Kanesh)
11386:Kindyria
11381:Kilistra
11376:Kerkenes
11361:Kanotala
11256:Ecobriga
11221:Dasmenda
11211:Cyzistra
11206:Cybistra
11126:Borissos
11101:Balgatia
11096:Balbissa
11076:Artiknos
11051:Archalla
10938:Tripolis
10908:Stephane
10898:Saurania
10888:Sapinuwa
10843:Pimolisa
10828:Phazemon
10698:Gozalena
10668:Euchaita
10663:Erythini
10633:Cyptasia
10618:Crenides
10573:Chadisia
10553:Carambis
10493:Amastris
10473:Aegialus
10445:Zemmeana
10415:Troketta
10405:Triopium
10360:Thyatira
10235:Syangela
10175:Silandus
10135:Saouenda
10010:Pergamon
9990:Passanda
9960:Panasion
9935:Orthoisa
9915:Oenoanda
9880:Neapolis
9765:Mastaura
9660:Lasnedda
9615:Lalandos
9595:Kymnissa
9550:Kleimaka
9535:Kilaraza
9520:Kaualena
9515:Kasossos
9450:Hyrcanis
9430:Hygassos
9425:Hydissus
9410:Homadena
9345:Gryneium
9330:Gergitha
9320:Gambrium
9310:Euthenae
9300:Eumeneia
9290:Eukarpia
9275:Erythras
9270:Erythrae
9220:Docimium
9215:Dioskome
9155:Cybeleia
9150:Coryphas
9140:Colossae
9135:Colophon
9125:Clannuda
9120:Cisthene
9110:Cidramus
9105:Chytrium
9080:Celaenae
9070:Casystes
9065:Castabus
9060:Caryanda
9020:Bybassus
9005:Boutheia
8990:Blaundus
8970:Bargylia
8910:Atarneus
8890:Astragon
8885:Aspaneus
8865:Araukome
8855:Appolena
8785:Amynanda
8760:Allianoi
8745:Alabanda
8715:Acrassus
8705:Acharaca
8690:Abbassus
8607:Pergamon
8572:Bithynia
8436:Iron Age
8276:Ahhiyawa
8215:Laodicea
8167:Thyatira
8151:Pergamon
8029:Category
8007:Theatres
7934:Tripolis
7869:Kerasous
7864:Heraclea
7796:Tyritake
7751:Nikonion
7662:Thronion
7584:Salauris
7539:Emporion
7496:Berenice
7486:Balagrae
7438:Euonymos
7411:Tyndaris
7396:Syracuse
7391:Selinous
7361:Kamarina
7316:Casmenae
7301:Akrillai
7218:Neápolis
7153:Caulonia
7134:Mainland
7065:Linear B
7060:Linear A
6990:Dialects
6967:Language
6761:Religion
6719:Medicine
6653:Religion
6618:Folklore
6603:Emporium
6578:Clothing
6573:Calendar
6457:Xenophon
6452:Tyrtaeus
6437:Theognis
6412:Polybius
6407:Plutarch
6382:Menander
6362:Hipponax
6289:Socrates
6244:Epicurus
6090:Diadochi
5988:Sciritae
5948:Hetairoi
5923:Ballista
5888:Military
5851:Gerousia
5841:Ekklesia
5808:Ecclesia
5790:Athenian
5738:Politics
5651:–279 BC)
5638:–366 BC)
5619:–389 BC)
5555:Pergamon
5525:Bithynia
5518:Kingdoms
5459:Pergamon
5401:Military
5396:Politics
5193:Timeline
5088:Pergamon
4699:(1912).
4625:Xenophon
4526:Pergamon
4106:50169190
3903:Archived
3319:, p. 36.
3267:Vergilii
3170:Telephos
3130:(eds.).
3007:Polybius
2935:Pergamus
2874:7.8.7–8.
2872:Anabasis
2847:Anabasis
2843:Xenophon
2693:Allianoi
2687:See also
2671:Aedesius
2622:Augustus
2584:Epigonus
2527:stenopoi
2523:plateiai
2302:propylon
2178:bucrania
2132:trachyte
2120:prostyle
2060:prostyle
2053:A large
2024:Arsenals
1960:propylon
1900:prostyle
1812:in antis
1708:Telephus
1513:Istanbul
1426:Philip V
1378:Achilles
1370:Pergamus
1359:Arcadian
1343:Telephus
1303:Teuthras
1295:Heracles
1291:Telephus
1271:Istanbul
1247:Karasids
1134:Armenian
992:who was
978:Augustus
956:Lucullus
889:Blossius
809:Seleucid
672:Coin of
650:Gongylos
614:Xerxes I
602:Gongylos
583:Diodorus
574:Anabasis
569:Xenophon
506:Location
485:andesite
439:Bakırçay
421:city in
414:Πέργαμος
409:Pergamos
404:Πέργαμον
325:Pergamum
321:Pergamon
310:476.9 ha
302:332.5 ha
268:Criteria
199:Epigonus
185:Cultures
99:Location
94:Pergamum
38:Pergamon
15148:Xanthos
15099:Marmara
15057:Gordion
15024:Hattusa
14992:Ephesus
14772:Tushhan
14747:Sareisa
14727:Nisibis
14712:Matiate
14707:Kussara
14677:Doliche
14667:Dabanas
14587:Xanthos
14502:Tenedos
14422:Siricae
14407:Sillyon
14397:Siderus
14362:Selinus
14272:Podalia
14262:Placoma
14237:Philaea
14227:Phellus
14197:Parlais
14192:Pargais
14162:Otanada
14152:Onobara
14142:Olympus
14097:Nagidos
14037:Meriana
14018:(Mnara)
14016:Marmara
14006:Mandane
13976:Magydus
13966:Magarsa
13961:Lysinia
13926:Legeita
13906:Laertes
13886:Kolbasa
13871:Kirkota
13846:Karkabo
13826:Kandyba
13806:Istlada
13731:Hamaxia
13716:Hacilar
13641:Damasei
13626:Daedala
13621:Cyrrhus
13616:Cyaneae
13531:Cestrus
13501:Calynda
13486:Cadrema
13461:Balbura
13451:Aunesis
13441:Augusta
13416:Arsinoe
13366:Aperlae
13286:Alalakh
13271:Adrasus
13193:Thynias
13113:Sigeion
13083:Scylace
13078:Scepsis
13043:Rhesion
13038:Rhegion
13013:Psarela
12993:Prindea
12988:Priapus
12963:Potamoi
12878:Percote
12828:Palodes
12738:Nassete
12678:Madytus
12643:Libyssa
12628:Leptoia
12583:Kolonai
12573:Kizoura
12533:Kalamos
12508:Hierion
12428:Gargara
12413:Embolos
12393:Eirakla
12358:Delphin
12323:Daphnus
12313:Damalis
12298:Cyzicus
12293:Cypsela
12288:Cypasis
12263:Colonae
12173:Cebrene
12163:Canopus
12133:Bythias
12098:Bitenas
12088:Birytis
12083:Bergule
12078:Beodizo
12033:Athyras
12023:Astacus
12013:Artanes
11983:Argyria
11973:Arbeila
11868:Abarnis
11860:Marmara
11840:Sugunia
11727:Thebasa
11707:Soandos
11697:Skandos
11682:Sereana
11662:Savatra
11547:Olosada
11497:Mourisa
11417:Lageina
11411:Kültepe
11371:Keissia
11366:Karbala
11336:Ilistra
11301:Gordium
11296:Gorbeus
11266:Euaissa
11201:Cotenna
11171:Claneus
11156:Cimiata
11141:Candara
11121:Blucium
11046:Arasaxa
11021:Anniaca
10996:Amblada
10968:Ziporea
10958:Zaliche
10953:Zagorus
10943:Virasia
10923:Thymena
10913:Syderos
10783:Metroon
10778:Lillium
10763:Kimista
10708:Hattusa
10693:Gaziura
10678:Gadilon
10658:Endeira
10648:Diacopa
10638:Cytorus
10608:Cordyle
10603:Coralla
10593:Colussa
10578:Cinolis
10568:Cerasus
10563:Carussa
10558:Carissa
10523:Berissa
10518:Athenae
10508:Argyria
10440:Uranium
10400:Trarium
10355:Thyaira
10320:Termera
10310:Tendeba
10305:Tempsis
10255:Synnada
10180:Sillyos
10170:Sidussa
10110:Pteleum
10075:Plarasa
10070:Pladasa
10055:Pisilis
10040:Phyteia
10035:Physcus
10025:Phocaea
9985:Passala
9975:Parsada
9940:Ortygia
9930:Oroanna
9830:Motella
9825:Mostene
9820:Mossyna
9815:Mokolda
9810:Mobolla
9800:Miletus
9745:Maiboza
9725:Madnasa
9695:Lobolda
9670:Lebedus
9655:Larymna
9625:Lankena
9620:Lamyana
9590:Kyllene
9575:Korakoe
9540:Kildara
9440:Hypaepa
9360:Harpasa
9305:Euromus
9295:Euhippe
9280:Etsyena
9260:Ephesus
9250:Embatum
9235:Eiokome
9195:Dioclea
9085:Ceramus
9075:Cedreae
8995:Bonitai
8985:Birgena
8960:Bargasa
8950:Aurokra
8905:Astyria
8800:Anineta
8775:Amorium
8770:Amnista
8740:Aizanoi
8710:Acmonia
8597:Osroene
8592:Galatia
8582:Cilicia
8562:Armenia
8536:Phrygia
8518:Kammanu
8514:Ḫilakku
8463:Diauehi
8458:Colchis
8427:Zalpuwa
8403:Shupria
8384:Pisidia
8359:Miletus
8344:Kussara
8334:Kalašma
8328:Mitanni
8296:Hapalla
8119:Ephesus
8049:Outline
8002:Temples
7939:Zaliche
7919:Thèrmae
7909:Sesamus
7879:Odessos
7854:Cytorus
7849:Cotyora
7599:Illyria
7564:Mainake
7559:Kypsela
7448:Hycesia
7406:Thermae
7386:Segesta
7376:Messana
7331:Helorus
7311:Calacte
7291:Akragas
7253:Sybaris
7238:Rhegion
7193:Krimisa
7143:Alision
7052:Writing
7025:Locrian
7015:Epirote
6985:Homeric
6918:Artemis
6905:Temples
6846:Olympia
6816:Eleusis
6751:Theatre
6736:Pottery
6663:Warfare
6658:Slavery
6593:Economy
6588:Cuisine
6583:Coinage
6560:Society
6545:Culture
6540:Society
6488:Tyrants
6327:Alcaeus
6309:Authors
6259:Hypatia
6249:Gorgias
6186:Writers
6008:Toxotai
5978:Sarissa
5968:Peltast
5963:Phalanx
5943:Hoplite
5938:Hippeis
5861:Macedon
5833:Spartan
5818:Heliaia
5765:Proxeny
5474:Larissa
5469:Kerkyra
5464:Eretria
5454:Miletus
5449:Ephesus
5444:Corinth
5439:Chalcis
5360:Taurica
5230:Periods
5211:History
4917:(1895)
4907:(1890)
4903:(ed.):
4890:(1908)
4880:(1908)
4863:(1923)
4833:(1930)
4812:(1896)
4799:(1910)
4782:(1906)
4765:(1885)
4737:(1913)
4719:(1913)
4187:. XV 3.
4071:2517016
3739:synnaos
3592:(ed.),
3393:p. 240.
3298:p. 168.
3270:eclogas
3261:Servius
3197:3.26.10
3062:(ed.).
3031:Pliny,
2931::
2466:Housing
2438:Bergama
2416:in the
2410:message
2381:incense
2341:temenos
2329:Serapis
2327:and/or
2162:Demeter
2128:metopes
2068:stadium
1971:Library
1953:bossage
1949:metopes
1913:Hadrian
1904:pronaos
1740:Theatre
1713:In the
1697:of the
1411:Homeric
1384:and of
1335:Aleadae
1319:Trojans
1257:Sultan
1255:Ottoman
1208:of the
1196:), the
1034:theatre
1026:Ephesus
1018:Hadrian
1007:, 90 BC
921:Ephesus
861:papyrus
815:at the
674:Orontes
634:Demeter
621:Orontes
606:Eretria
591:satraps
587:Thibron
554:Corinth
539:History
443:Bergama
292:Session
180:History
103:Bergama
15152:Letoon
14979:Aegean
14787:Zeugma
14737:Sam'al
14697:Harran
14682:Edessa
14662:Çayönü
14577:Tynada
14567:Tyinda
14472:Tarsus
14457:Takina
14452:Syedra
14432:Solyma
14412:Simena
14402:Sidyma
14387:Sibyla
14337:Sebeda
14307:Rhosus
14202:Patara
14167:Ouerbe
14147:Öküzlü
14132:Olbasa
14102:Nauloi
14082:Mylios
14047:Moatra
14001:Manava
13981:Mallus
13941:Limyra
13861:Kibyra
13856:Keraia
13766:Iotape
13761:Idyros
13686:Etenna
13681:Erymna
13601:Cremna
13576:Conana
13561:Comama
13411:Arsada
13406:Arneae
13311:Andeda
13291:Amelas
13238:Zeleia
13228:Urisio
13198:Traron
13183:Tipaso
13168:Terbos
13108:Sestos
13088:Scylla
13033:Rhebas
12933:Placia
12923:Pionia
12913:Philia
12908:Phiela
12848:Parium
12833:Panion
12823:Paesus
12813:Pactya
12773:Nerola
12553:Kampos
12503:Hieria
12468:Halone
12438:Gergis
12403:Elaeus
12383:Drabus
12353:Delkos
12278:Cressa
12248:Cobrys
12243:Clitae
12228:Chryse
12198:Charax
12168:Cardia
12153:Callum
12123:Brunca
12003:Artace
11998:Arisba
11978:Argiza
11968:Apsoda
11938:Amycus
11873:Abydos
11850:Tushpa
11825:Dadima
11777:Zizima
11762:Vasada
11722:Tavium
11702:Soanda
11687:Sibora
11672:Sedasa
11657:Sasima
11637:Pyrgoi
11627:Pteria
11622:Posala
11612:Pithoi
11607:Pissia
11597:Phlara
11592:Pharax
11572:Pedaia
11542:Ochras
11527:Nitazi
11512:Myrika
11487:Mnizus
11482:Mistea
11447:Lystra
11442:Limnae
11401:Korama
11391:Kobara
11326:Homana
11316:Herpha
11281:Eulepa
11131:Campae
11106:Barate
11091:Atenia
11071:Armaxa
11041:Aralla
10893:Satala
10878:Samuha
10858:Potami
10818:Patara
10813:Oxinas
10788:Mokata
10758:Kelesa
10738:Hyssus
10683:Garius
10673:Eusene
10653:Elaeus
10628:Cromna
10623:Cromen
10613:Cratia
10583:Cizari
10538:Cabira
10528:Bonita
10513:Armene
10488:Amasia
10430:Tymnos
10425:Tymion
10385:Tomara
10345:Thebes
10300:Temnos
10270:Tabala
10250:Syneta
10245:Synaus
10240:Symbra
10210:Stadia
10195:Smyrna
10140:Sardis
10130:Pyrrha
10125:Pyrnus
10120:Pygela
10115:Pydnae
10100:Priene
10065:Pitane
10050:Pinara
10045:Pidasa
10005:Pepuza
10000:Peltae
9995:Pedasa
9925:Olymos
9920:Olaeis
9895:Notion
9890:Nisyra
9845:Myrina
9840:Myndus
9805:Mylasa
9770:Meiros
9755:Malene
9700:Loryma
9680:Leucae
9675:Leimon
9665:Latmus
9610:Lagina
9585:Kouara
9580:Koresa
9570:Koraia
9560:Knidos
9525:Kaunos
9510:Kasara
9495:Kadyie
9490:Iskome
9475:Ioudda
9340:Glauke
9315:Euxine
9265:Erines
9255:Emoddi
9230:Eibeos
9185:Didyma
9170:Daldis
9145:Conium
9130:Claros
9115:Cindye
9095:Choria
9055:Carura
9045:Carene
9015:Bruzus
9010:Briula
8975:Beudos
8955:Bageis
8925:Attuda
8875:Arilla
8805:Annaea
8790:Amyzon
8765:Almura
8755:Alinda
8682:Aegean
8612:Pontus
8541:Urartu
8522:Kummuh
8510:Gurgum
8493:Mushki
8473:Etiuni
8443:Aeolia
8418:Wilusa
8339:Kaskia
8281:Arzawa
8183:Sardis
8135:Smyrna
8039:Portal
7987:People
7975:Cities
7914:Sinope
7899:Rhizos
7889:Phasis
7839:Bathus
7834:Athina
7819:Amisos
7781:Tanais
7776:Pityus
7701:Charax
7652:Pharos
7647:Orikon
7544:Helike
7534:Alonis
7501:Cyrene
7433:Didyme
7346:Himera
7321:Catana
7283:Sicily
7273:Thurii
7268:Terina
7233:Pixous
7188:Hydrus
7163:Croton
6995:Aeolic
6913:Aphaea
6836:Dodona
6821:Delphi
6790:Temple
6466:Others
6417:Sappho
6402:Pindar
6377:Lucian
6372:Ibycus
6357:Hesiod
6294:Thales
6062:Rulers
6041:People
6018:Xyston
6013:Xiphos
5874:Koinon
5780:Tyrant
5770:Stasis
5760:Koinon
5560:Pontus
5535:Epirus
5504:Sparta
5494:Rhodes
5489:Megara
5484:Thebes
5429:Athens
5355:Pontus
5320:Epirus
5310:Cyprus
5295:Aeolis
5085:about
5072:(2001)
5061:(2008)
5054:(1999)
5043:(1991)
5032:(1986)
5025:(1984)
5018:(1981)
5011:(1978)
5000:(2011)
4989:(1984)
4982:(1981)
4975:(1975)
4968:(1968)
4957:(1937)
4950:(1937)
4935:(1969)
4754:(2001)
4613:
4570:
4551:
4532:
4513:
4423:
4104:
4094:
4069:
4061:
4051:
3845:. II;
3804:Chiron
3760:
3715:Chiron
3616:
3600:
3439:
3423:
3363:
3339:
3315:
3294:
3249:1.11.2
3236:3.20.8
3210:5.13.3
3172:. In:
3145:
3126:&
3072:
3037:5.126.
3009:22.20.
2964:
2906:
2477:Priene
2396:. His
2384:burner
2379:-like
2109:exedra
2001:, 1882
1797:Trajan
1765:koilon
1734:throne
1674:Berlin
1638:mosaic
1604:. The
1549:Berlin
1540:Dikili
1434:Apollo
1406:heroon
1398:Hector
1386:Eetion
1372:, the
1337:, and
1253:. The
1164:Seljuk
1108:spolia
1030:Smyrna
1013:Trajan
994:consul
940:Louvre
907:, and
905:Pontus
866:Delphi
833:Athens
794:second
767:Sardis
735:Thrace
630:Athena
493:Cetius
447:Turkey
435:Caicus
423:Aeolis
233:Public
225:Ruined
121:Aeolis
117:Region
111:Turkey
15107:Bursa
14782:Urshu
14777:Urima
14767:Tille
14757:Sitai
14632:Amida
14557:Trysa
14417:Sinda
14357:Selge
14277:Pogla
14212:Perga
14137:Olbia
14077:Mylae
14062:Morka
14027:Meloë
13956:Lyrbe
13951:Lycae
13946:Lissa
13916:Lamos
13911:Lagbe
13896:Korma
13801:Issus
13746:Holmi
13726:Halae
13706:Gagae
13571:Comba
13541:Choma
13516:Casae
13476:Bubon
13466:Baris
13446:Aulae
13436:Augai
13396:Arima
13386:Araxa
13281:Agrae
13276:Aegae
13266:Adada
13163:Tenba
13138:Sykai
13008:Prusa
12983:Prepa
12818:Paeon
12733:Narco
12708:Modra
12668:Lygos
12658:Linus
12638:Libum
12633:Liada
12603:Kypra
12578:Koila
12568:Kepos
12558:Kassa
12528:Kabia
12443:Germa
12363:Deris
12258:Colla
12158:Calpe
12113:Bolos
12053:Baris
12018:Assos
11963:Aprus
11933:Ammoi
11918:Ainos
11903:Agora
11835:Melid
11772:Zeita
11752:Tynna
11747:Tyana
11667:Sbida
11582:Perta
11577:Peium
11537:Nyssa
11467:Meloë
11406:Koron
11291:Germa
11236:Doara
11226:Derbe
11186:Corna
11166:Cinna
11086:Astra
11016:Anisa
10808:Ophis
10798:Nerik
10753:Karza
10743:Ibora
10543:Cales
10498:Ancon
10375:Tisna
10350:Thera
10265:Tabae
10260:Syrna
10205:Spore
10160:Setae
10060:Pisye
9945:Otrus
9875:Naxia
9860:Nasos
9715:Lyrna
9710:Lydae
9705:Lunda
9500:Kaira
9480:Ipsus
9465:Idyma
9455:Iasos
9420:Hydas
9415:Hydai
9365:Helos
9325:Gerga
9285:Euaza
9245:Eluza
9240:Elaea
9190:Digda
9040:Canae
9035:Caloe
8935:Aulae
8920:Attea
8880:Aroma
8850:Appia
8795:Anaua
8735:Airai
8730:Aegae
8530:Tabal
8502:Atuna
8488:Lydia
8483:Lycia
8478:Ionia
8468:Doris
8448:Caria
8413:Urumu
8408:Urshu
8374:Nairi
8369:Mysia
8354:Luwia
8349:Lukka
8320:Isuwa
8301:Hatti
7997:Stoae
7965:Lists
7884:Oinòe
7807:coast
7805:South
7791:Tyras
7761:Olbia
7731:Kepoi
7684:coast
7682:North
7675:basin
7617:Aulon
7579:Rhode
7491:Barca
7381:Naxos
7336:Henna
7296:Akrai
7263:Taras
7248:Siris
7208:Medma
7203:Locri
7168:Cumae
7158:Chone
7136:Italy
7042:Koine
7020:Ionic
7010:Doric
7005:Attic
6826:Delos
6724:Music
6367:Homer
6322:Aesop
6274:Plato
6176:Poets
5846:Ephor
5798:Agora
5775:Tagus
5750:Boule
5499:Samos
5424:Argos
5330:Ionia
5315:Doris
5300:Crete
4307:1902.
3273:6.72.
3223:8.4.9
3106:. In
2859:3.1.6
2850:7.8.8
2704:Notes
2659:Galen
2653:Galen
2278:]
2240:Galen
2158:Ionic
2116:Doric
2081:Ionic
1940:cella
1933:Doric
1897:Ionic
1869:cella
1761:]
1730:Satan
1390:Thebe
1089:Arabs
1073:Goths
1057:Galen
870:Delos
790:first
678:Mysia
658:Mysia
604:from
585:) to
532:stock
525:Elaia
520:Mysia
429:on a
399:Greek
211:Galen
189:Greek
15172:and
15130:Troy
15109:and
15064:and
14672:Dara
14532:Tlos
14447:Syca
14442:Sura
14427:Soli
14392:Side
14127:Olba
14117:Nisa
14087:Myra
13786:Isba
13751:Hyia
13646:Dias
13611:Crya
13208:Troy
13128:Soka
12868:Pege
12803:Orni
12368:Desa
12238:Cius
11712:Sora
11532:Nora
11331:Hyde
10933:Tium
10838:Pida
10533:Boon
10315:Teos
10280:Taza
10185:Sion
9910:Odon
9855:Nais
9850:Myus
9460:Iaza
9165:Cyme
9025:Cadi
8780:Amos
8750:Alia
8526:Quwê
8422:Troy
8398:Seha
8379:Pala
8364:Mira
7924:Tium
7691:Akra
7632:Issa
7326:Gela
7198:Laüs
7173:Elea
6831:Dion
6683:Arts
6673:Wine
6299:Zeno
5896:Wars
4611:ISBN
4568:ISBN
4549:ISBN
4530:ISBN
4511:ISBN
4421:ISSN
4419:71,
4102:OCLC
4092:ISBN
4067:OCLC
4059:ISSN
4049:ISBN
4029:site
3758:ISBN
3696:2007
3614:ISBN
3598:ISBN
3437:ISBN
3421:ISBN
3361:ISBN
3337:ISBN
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