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Lifetime employment took an important role in Japan's economic prosperity. In addition to the tendency to pursue equality and loyalty between employee and employer which have their basis on the informal nexus, Confucius norm. In industrial corporations, wage system expects labor's future improvement
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With exception of South Korea, France, Germany, Italy, India, and Japan, where extensive laws and regulations make firing of permanent employees nearly impossible, rarely does "permanent employment" mean employment of an individual that is guaranteed throughout the employee's working life. In the
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from politicians. Permanent employment is often considered the gold standard for employee life quality and society development as it gives stability and peace of mind to citizens. It has been seen that permanent employment gives better results for social development in the long term because of
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Japan's lifetime employment originated in large companies around 1910 but became widespread during the economic growth period following World War II. Before the war period, Japanese companies owed more its fund on direct financing. However, as the government started to take control of
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is work for an employer for which the employee receives payment directly from that employer. Permanent employees do not have a predetermined end date to employment. In addition to their wages, they often receive benefits like subsidized health care, paid vacations, holidays,
210:, or contributions. Permanent employees are often eligible to switch job positions within their companies. Even when employment is "at will", permanent employees of large companies are generally protected from abrupt job
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by severance policies, like advance notice in case of layoffs, or formal discipline procedures. They may be eligible to join a union, and may enjoy both social and financial benefits of their employment.
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in productivity. Therefore, the first half of contract duration labor's productivity is below the wage. However, as labor adept in their operation, the labor productivity exceeds the payment.
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475:. Okazaki, Tetsuji., Okuno, Masahiro, 1947-, Ueda, Kazuo, 1951-, 岡崎哲二., 奥野正寬, 1947-, 植田和男, 1951- (1-han ed.). Tōkyō: Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha. 1993.
289:) defined as lifetime job contract. The term originally was workers' "lifetime commitment" to companies, which was coined by James Abegglen in his book "
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309:, Japanese conglomerates, shareholders had difficulty in exerting their influence to them. In the enforcement of occupation policies
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various reasons such as steady circulation of liquid wealth through wages, peaceful society, regular upskilling by companies etc.
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551:大司, 川口; 龍, 神林; 榮愨, 金; 赫旭, 権; 諭, 清水谷; 京司, 深尾; 達治, 牧野; 泉, 横山 (2007-01-25). "年功賃金は生産性と乖離しているか―工業統計調査・賃金構造基本調査個票データによる実証分析―".
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Germany versus the Anglo-Saxons
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227:, such jobs are rare; permanent employment is far more common in the
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A Japanese version of permanent employment often related to
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431:"Lifetime employment in Japan: three models of the concept"
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437:. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
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List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents
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134:The examples and perspective in this article
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415:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
609:
595:
2333:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
172:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2177:Job losses caused by the Great Recession
859:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
353:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
72:This article includes a list of general
2358:Credentialism and educational inflation
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473:Gendai Nihon keizai shisutemu no genryū
231:, where it is often used to strengthen
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2229:List of countries by unemployment rate
590:
1127:Practice-based professional learning
522:. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
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1675:Workers' right to access the toilet
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78:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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582:In Japan, Secure Jobs Have a Cost
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33:This article has multiple issues.
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1739:Corporate collapses and scandals
223:, with the notable exception of
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41:or discuss these issues on the
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1611:Occupational health psychology
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2327:Works Progress Administration
2219:Unemployment Convention, 1919
1631:Personal protective equipment
1184:Occupational Outlook Handbook
383:C., Abegglen, James (1979) .
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276:
2408:Psychopathy in the workplace
1581:Human factors and ergonomics
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2393:Narcissism in the workplace
1606:Occupational exposure limit
332:Direct service organisation
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148:, discuss the issue on the
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2512:Employment classifications
2322:Civil Works Administration
2204:Technological unemployment
1680:Workplace health promotion
1137:Professional certification
834:Personality–job fit theory
451:. 岩波書店. pp. 226–229.
435:Foreign Labor Developments
240:Industry-specific examples
233:civil service independence
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1713:Equal pay for equal work
1636:Repetitive strain injury
1142:Professional development
1132:Professional association
814:Letter of recommendation
387:. New York: Arno Press.
2456:Aspects of corporations
2418:Slow movement (culture)
2297:Employer of last resort
2199:Structural unemployment
2137:Frictional unemployment
1576:Epilepsy and employment
1463:Performance-related pay
1397:National average salary
1315:996 working hour system
93:more precise citations.
2466:Aspects of occupations
2272:Unemployment insurance
2224:Unemployment extension
2194:Reserve army of labour
1999:Constructive dismissal
1806:Sleeping while on duty
1771:Exploitation of labour
1653:Sick building syndrome
829:Person–environment fit
699:Independent contractor
503:: CS1 maint: others (
2476:Aspects of workplaces
2214:Unemployment benefits
2209:Types of unemployment
2147:Graduate unemployment
2041:Letter of resignation
1670:Workers' compensation
1663:Occupational fatality
1172:Vocational university
772:Employment counsellor
518:Dore, Ronald (2000).
2282:Job creation program
2058:Mandatory retirement
2011:Employee offboarding
1831:Workplace incivility
1826:Workplace harassment
1601:Occupational disease
1596:Occupational burnout
1511:Disability insurance
1355:Workweek and weekend
1162:Vocational education
1077:Continuing education
915:Permanent employment
429:Koshiro, Kazutoshi.
385:The Japanese factory
291:The Japanese Factory
257:of a senior academic
203:Permanent employment
154:create a new article
146:improve this article
136:may not represent a
2187:Recession-proof job
2182:Lists of recessions
2120:Economic depression
2068:Retirement planning
1949:Work–life interface
1786:Employee monitoring
1754:Corporate behaviour
1744:Accounting scandals
1626:Occupational stress
1616:Occupational injury
1152:Reflective practice
1147:Professional school
869:Work-at-home scheme
789:Induction programme
767:Employment contract
747:Business networking
338:Fixed-term contract
283:lifetime employment
2450:See also templates
2287:Job creation index
2251:Youth unemployment
2115:Discouraged worker
2004:Wrongful dismissal
1984:At-will employment
1857:Civil conscription
1821:Workplace bullying
1708:Affirmative action
1690:Workplace wellness
1621:Occupational noise
1262:Long service leave
1122:Overspecialization
1102:Induction training
1057:Career development
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2398:Post-work society
2378:Kiss up kick down
2110:Barriers to entry
2075:Severance package
1907:Human trafficking
1801:Sexual harassment
1781:Employee handbook
1700:Equal opportunity
1563:Safety and health
1553:Take-home vehicle
1167:Vocational school
1117:Lifelong learning
1092:Further education
1052:Career counseling
1047:Career assessment
824:Overqualification
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2368:Evil corporation
2234:Employment rates
2157:Jobless recovery
2125:Great Depression
2085:Golden parachute
2080:Golden handshake
1877:Job satisfaction
1867:Critique of work
1685:Workplace phobia
1516:Health insurance
1473:Wage compression
1441:Progressive wage
1300:35-hour workweek
1267:No call, no show
1257:Leave of absence
1107:Knowledge worker
1035:Master craftsman
839:Personality hire
777:Executive search
757:Curriculum vitae
742:Background check
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2130:Long Depression
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2388:Make-work job
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2292:Job guarantee
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2048:Restructuring
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2027:
2026:Notice period
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2019:
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1932:Unfree labour
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1902:Bonded labour
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1816:Whistleblower
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1749:Control fraud
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1723:Glass ceiling
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1501:Casual Friday
1499:
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1458:Paid time off
1456:
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1453:Overtime rate
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1434:United States
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1305:Four-day week
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1189:Practice firm
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1087:Employability
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1010:
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988:Orange-collar
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
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969:
966:
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961:
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935:Working class
932:
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812:
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809:Job interview
807:
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663:
662:Part-time job
660:
658:
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648:
647:Full-time job
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
627:
623:
619:
612:
607:
605:
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598:
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583:
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579:
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266:
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261:Civil service
259:
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230:
229:public sector
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176:
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99:December 2013
92:
88:
82:
81:
75:
70:
61:
60:
55:
53:
46:
45:
40:
39:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
2423:Toxic leader
2403:Presenteeism
2383:Labor rights
2373:Going postal
2348:Bullshit job
2331:
2316:
2311:
2102:Unemployment
1954:Downshifting
1937:Wage slavery
1917:Penal labour
1872:Dead-end job
1862:Conscription
1641:Right to sit
1496:Annual leave
1478:Working poor
1414:Minimum wage
1392:Maximum wage
1350:Working time
1340:Six-hour day
1242:Career break
1204:Professional
998:Black-collar
968:White-collar
948:Green-collar
925:Volunteering
914:
762:Drug testing
752:Cover letter
692:Tradesperson
556:
552:
546:
519:
513:
472:
467:
448:
442:
434:
425:
384:
378:
348:Presenteeism
320:
317:Significance
303:
294:
290:
287:shūshin koyō
286:
282:
280:
217:
202:
201:
186:
168:
159:
135:
105:
96:
77:
49:
42:
36:
35:Please help
32:
15:
2517:Recruitment
2312:Historical:
2036:Resignation
1976:Termination
1959:Slow living
1927:Truck wages
1912:Labour camp
1840:Willingness
1732:Infractions
1387:Living wage
1335:Remote work
1003:Gold-collar
958:Pink-collar
953:Grey-collar
943:Blue-collar
910:Labour hire
885:Cooperative
849:Recruitment
804:Job hunting
737:Application
719:Wage labour
704:Labour hire
657:Job sharing
565:10086/19684
212:termination
91:introducing
2506:Categories
2246:Wage curve
2053:Retirement
1966:Workaholic
1944:Work ethic
1811:Wage theft
1796:Labour law
1791:Evaluation
1776:Dress code
1541:Sick leave
1506:Child care
1468:Salary cap
1382:Income tax
1345:Shift work
1282:Time clock
1277:Sick leave
1272:Sabbatical
1237:Break room
1225:Attendance
1194:Profession
1179:Mentorship
1157:Retraining
1082:E-learning
978:New-collar
973:Red-collar
920:Supervisor
900:Internship
819:Onboarding
687:Technician
682:Journeyman
652:Gig worker
618:Employment
529:0199240612
482:4532130360
458:4000097059
449:日本の経済発展と金融
394:0405120826
370:References
277:Definition
267:in Germany
74:references
38:improve it
2433:Workhouse
2353:Busy work
2167:Recession
2031:Pink slip
1989:Dismissal
1852:Careerism
1446:Singapore
1424:Hong Kong
1292:Schedules
1211:Tradesman
1112:Licensure
1072:Education
1042:Avocation
983:No-collar
963:Precariat
844:Probation
799:Job fraud
499:cite book
411:cite book
364:Up or out
208:sick time
150:talk page
44:talk page
2341:See also
2267:Workfare
2092:Turnover
1488:Benefits
1369:salaries
1330:Overtime
1320:Flextime
1252:Gap year
1247:Furlough
1216:Vocation
1199:Operator
1062:Coaching
1017:training
895:Employer
890:Employee
794:Job fair
672:Side job
538:43521072
491:29965581
326:See also
307:Zaibatsu
272:In Japan
250:law firm
162:May 2020
144:You may
2317:U.S.A.:
1922:Peonage
1897:Slavery
1847:Boreout
1586:Karoshi
1536:Pension
1325:On-call
1030:Artisan
714:Laborer
433:(PDF).
403:5286529
355:(Japan)
246:Partner
87:improve
2021:Layoff
1571:Crunch
1429:Europe
1419:Canada
1407:Europe
1013:Career
854:Résumé
729:Hiring
637:Casual
536:
526:
489:
479:
455:
401:
391:
300:Origin
285:(終身雇用
265:Beamte
255:Tenure
76:, but
1882:McJob
1402:World
1365:Wages
1232:Break
878:Roles
559:(1).
248:at a
152:, or
1367:and
1015:and
782:list
553:経済研究
534:OCLC
524:ISBN
505:link
487:OCLC
477:ISBN
453:ISBN
417:link
399:OCLC
389:ISBN
334:(UK)
905:Job
561:hdl
311:GHQ
2508::
557:58
555:.
532:.
501:}}
497:{{
485:.
413:}}
409:{{
397:.
47:.
610:e
603:t
596:v
567:.
563::
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405:.
295:.
293:"
193:)
187:(
175:)
169:(
164:)
160:(
142:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
83:.
54:)
50:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.