430:
50:
442:
534:
27:
481:
472:
463:
43:
1023:
523:
512:
1066:
812:
501:
379:
288:
490:
771:
454:
267:) dates from the Middle Ages – 11th–13th centuries. The original name Hyperperakion was shortened by scribes to Perperakion or Perperikon. There are at least two theories about the origin and meaning of the name, both associating it with gold-mining: The city may have been named after a Medieval high-temperature gold-refining process (Medieval Greek
386:
A church pulpit was found by
Bulgarian archeologists at the peak of the Thracian rock sanctuary on 10 September 2005. It is thought to be the first found in Bulgaria. The pulpit was probably built at the end of the 4th century CE or the early 5th century during the reign of
413:
Christian church building. The pulpit is exceptionally well preserved and is richly decorated with ornaments incised on the stone, including a clearly visible eagle with outstretched wings. It also bears five inscriptions in
1763:
674:... after Sitalkes' death, Xenophon would find that Medokos (based at Perperikon, twelve days' journey inland from the sea) called himself the king of
359:
and residential quarters were also constructed in the fortress. The megalithic complex has been laid in ruins and re-erected many times throughout history.
708:
1768:
1054:
1032:
800:
778:
1758:
575:
1723:
322:
239:("Upper Fortress") is located at the foot of the hill and the gold-bearing Perpereshka River flows nearby. Perperikon is the largest
1738:
638:
95:
1728:
690:
1047:
441:
429:
1773:
1606:
793:
570:
295:
Human activity in the area dates back to 5000 BCE. The first traces of civilization on the hill date from the
1040:
1062:
1631:
1576:
1336:
340:
started the excavation works at
Perperikon in 2000, and revealed the remains of ancient architectural complex.
712:
273:), or the resumed use of a classical-era name for the site, derived from a word for altar-fire (ancient Greek
1596:
1581:
1381:
1181:
1121:
808:
1743:
1651:
1516:
1406:
786:
1351:
1341:
1261:
1171:
816:
1753:
1748:
1601:
1466:
1291:
42:
1136:
1101:
561:
is named after the settlement of
Perperek, in connection with the Thracian holy city of Perperikon.
1366:
415:
1733:
1070:
758:
554:
235:
on a 470 m high rocky hill, which is thought to have been a sacred place. The village of
987:
867:
847:
1401:
992:
877:
351:
built around the hill, with walls as thick as 2.8 m. This dates from the time of the
8:
1702:
1671:
1421:
1012:
942:
887:
872:
852:
837:
208:
69:
1621:
1296:
957:
917:
907:
897:
646:
550:
388:
224:
668:
Webber, Christopher; McBride, Angus (2001). "The
Thracians 700 BC–AD 46".
902:
580:
337:
188:
1541:
972:
962:
927:
533:
947:
882:
832:
827:
600:
546:
480:
471:
462:
367:
260:
26:
1717:
1236:
1191:
1141:
862:
595:
236:
110:
97:
1536:
1501:
1486:
1231:
1206:
1161:
1022:
750:
410:
352:
620:
1546:
1391:
1301:
1216:
1166:
1156:
585:
248:
1661:
1636:
1611:
1571:
1476:
1416:
1396:
1361:
1356:
1346:
1311:
1271:
1266:
1246:
1111:
590:
558:
296:
522:
511:
489:
378:
287:
1641:
1616:
1591:
1586:
1521:
1511:
1496:
1481:
1471:
1456:
1451:
1436:
1386:
1326:
1286:
1276:
1226:
1151:
1081:
982:
842:
500:
395:
274:
268:
228:
1646:
1626:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1531:
1526:
1506:
1446:
1251:
1201:
1186:
1106:
1065:
932:
892:
857:
811:
406:
399:
391:
348:
330:
315:
304:
240:
232:
73:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1566:
1441:
1426:
1411:
1376:
1371:
1321:
1316:
1281:
1256:
1241:
1211:
1196:
1116:
997:
937:
711:. Standart, Arts & Culture. 11 September 2008. Archived from
405:
The church foundations are laid out in the form of a single nave
300:
244:
639:"Medieval Archaeological Complex Perperikon – town of Kardzhali"
453:
1692:
1461:
1331:
1221:
1176:
1146:
1131:
1096:
1002:
977:
952:
922:
912:
675:
366:
visitor centre is being constructed with funds provided by the
356:
344:
326:
220:
83:
1491:
1431:
1126:
1007:
394:
308:
1306:
738:
363:
409:
of 16.5 m length, which is the most typical form of
311:, almost 2 m in diameter, hewn out of the rocks.
678:. Medokos however was unable to stop Seuthes ...
691:"Bulgarian archaeologist shows off Perperikon finds"
318:
was located at
Perperikon during the classical era.
343:Archaeologists have uncovered a giant multi-story
227:, 15 km northeast of the present-day town of
1715:
709:"New tourist center to be built in the Rhodopes"
1764:Buildings and structures in Kardzhali Province
1048:
794:
667:
541:
151:5000 BCE, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Classical era
31:The ruins of the ancient city of Perperikon
1055:
1041:
801:
787:
576:List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia
130:Settlement, capital with Palace and Shrine
25:
1769:Tourist attractions in Kardzhali Province
769:Perperikon can be viewed very nicely on
377:
286:
701:
303:found on the place date from the Early
1716:
447:Other ancient buildings in Perperikon.
314:It is thought that a famous Temple of
1036:
782:
1759:Former populated places in Bulgaria
13:
321:Perperikon is the site from which
307:, as well as the impressive round
180:1931; from 2000 and still ongoing;
49:
14:
1785:
731:
251:Perperikon served as a fortress.
1724:Archaeological sites in Bulgaria
1064:
1021:
810:
571:Durankulak (archaeological site)
532:
521:
510:
499:
488:
479:
470:
461:
452:
440:
428:
48:
41:
1739:Geography of Kardzhali Province
774:– via Google Street Maps.
759:"New discoveries in Perperikon"
16:Archaeological site in Bulgaria
683:
661:
631:
613:
333:'s death, but was overthrown.
291:Tower of the medieval fortress
1:
1729:History of Kardzhali Province
606:
325:declared himself the king of
275:
269:
254:
223:city located in the Eastern
7:
564:
10:
1790:
542:Other sites named Perperek
421:
382:The Perperikon church site
282:
1774:Byzantine sites in Europe
1685:
1089:
1077:
1019:
823:
373:
264:
212:
194:
184:
176:
171:
163:
155:
147:
139:
134:
126:
89:
79:
65:
36:
24:
621:"The Gold of Perperikon"
435:The tombs of the rulers.
336:Bulgarian archaeologist
329:in 424 BCE, after
143:rock-cut, stone masonry
1071:Kardzhali Municipality
555:South Shetland Islands
383:
292:
868:Castra ad Montanesium
848:Belogradchik Fortress
772:"Perperikon site map"
381:
290:
259:The name Perperikon (
243:ensemble site in the
177:Excavation dates
111:41.71472°N 25.46528°E
57:Shown within Bulgaria
751:"page on Perperikon"
1744:Castles in Bulgaria
817:Castles in Bulgaria
753:. Kardzhali Museum.
362:A 2.4 million
107: /
21:
1703:Vishegrad Fortress
943:Matochina Fortress
853:Bozhenishki Urvich
697:. 18 October 2010.
643:BulgariaTravel.org
384:
293:
116:41.71472; 25.46528
70:Kardzhali Province
19:
1754:Rhodope Mountains
1749:Ruins in Bulgaria
1711:
1710:
1030:
1029:
958:Palace of Omurtag
898:Kipilovo Fortress
715:on 4 October 2011
551:Livingston Island
389:Byzantine emperor
225:Rhodope Mountains
202:
201:
1781:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1025:
903:Kovachevsko kale
815:
814:
803:
796:
789:
780:
779:
775:
766:
763:Bulgaria Gazette
754:
746:
725:
724:
722:
720:
705:
699:
698:
687:
681:
680:
665:
659:
658:
656:
654:
645:. Archived from
635:
629:
628:
617:
581:Karanovo culture
536:
525:
514:
503:
492:
483:
474:
465:
456:
444:
432:
347:and an imposing
338:Nikolay Ovcharov
278:
272:
266:
219:, is an ancient
214:
189:Nikolay Ovcharov
122:
121:
119:
118:
117:
112:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
52:
51:
45:
29:
22:
18:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1681:
1542:Strahil voyvoda
1085:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1031:
1026:
1017:
973:Shumen Fortress
928:Lovech Fortress
838:Asen's Fortress
819:
809:
807:
770:
757:
749:
739:"official site"
737:
734:
729:
728:
718:
716:
707:
706:
702:
689:
688:
684:
666:
662:
652:
650:
637:
636:
632:
619:
618:
614:
609:
567:
544:
539:
538:
537:
528:
527:
526:
517:
516:
515:
506:
505:
504:
493:
484:
475:
466:
457:
448:
445:
436:
433:
424:
376:
285:
257:
115:
113:
109:
106:
101:
98:
96:
94:
93:
61:
60:
59:
58:
55:
54:
53:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1787:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1734:Thracian sites
1731:
1726:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1607:Visoka polyana
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
948:Mezek Fortress
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
883:Gate of Trajan
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
833:Asara Fortress
830:
828:Anevo Fortress
824:
821:
820:
806:
805:
798:
791:
783:
777:
776:
767:
755:
747:
733:
732:External links
730:
727:
726:
700:
682:
660:
649:on 12 May 2012
630:
611:
610:
608:
605:
604:
603:
601:Tell Yunatsite
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
566:
563:
547:Perperek Knoll
543:
540:
531:
530:
529:
520:
519:
518:
509:
508:
507:
498:
497:
496:
495:
494:
487:
485:
478:
476:
469:
467:
460:
458:
451:
449:
446:
439:
437:
434:
427:
423:
420:
375:
372:
284:
281:
256:
253:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
186:
185:Archaeologists
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
67:
63:
62:
56:
47:
46:
40:
39:
38:
37:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1786:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1237:Gorna krepost
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1192:Dolna krepost
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:Byala polyana
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1024:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
863:Castra Martis
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
822:
818:
813:
804:
799:
797:
792:
790:
785:
784:
781:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
743:Perperikon.bg
740:
736:
735:
714:
710:
704:
696:
692:
686:
679:
677:
672:. p. 6.
671:
664:
648:
644:
640:
634:
626:
625:Perperikon.bg
622:
616:
612:
602:
599:
597:
596:Varna culture
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
535:
524:
513:
502:
491:
486:
482:
477:
473:
468:
464:
459:
455:
450:
443:
438:
431:
426:
425:
419:
417:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
390:
380:
371:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
289:
280:
277:
271:
262:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:Gorna krepost
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
210:
206:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
133:
129:
125:
120:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68:
64:
44:
35:
28:
23:
1697:
1537:Staro myasto
1502:Skalna glava
1487:Shiroko pole
1232:Golyama bara
1207:Duzhdovnitsa
1162:Cherna skala
1080:
967:
762:
742:
717:. Retrieved
713:the original
703:
695:Novinite.com
694:
685:
673:
669:
663:
651:. Retrieved
647:the original
642:
633:
624:
615:
545:
411:late antique
404:
385:
361:
353:Roman Empire
342:
335:
320:
313:
299:, while the
294:
258:
216:
204:
203:
159:14th century
1547:Strazhevtsi
1392:Opulchensko
1302:Krayno selo
1217:Glavatartsi
1167:Chernyovtsi
1157:Chereshitsa
719:29 November
670:Men-at-Arms
586:Seuthopolis
249:Middle Ages
114: /
90:Coordinates
1718:Categories
1698:Perperikon
1662:Zvezdelina
1637:Zhinzifovo
1632:Zelenikovo
1612:Volovartsi
1577:Tri Mogili
1572:Topolchane
1477:Sestrinsko
1417:Pepelishte
1402:Ostrovitsa
1397:Oreshnitsa
1362:Miladinovo
1357:Maystorovo
1347:Makedontsi
1337:Lyulyakovo
1312:Krushevska
1272:Kamenartsi
1267:Kaloyantsi
1247:Hodzhovtsi
1112:Beli plast
988:Trapezitsa
968:Perperikon
653:12 October
607:References
591:Solnitsata
559:Antarctica
297:Bronze Age
276:hyperpyros
270:hyperpyros
265:Περπερικόν
217:Perpericum
213:Перперикон
205:Perperikon
172:Site notes
102:25°27′55″E
99:41°42′53″N
20:Perperikon
1686:Landmarks
1642:Zhitarnik
1617:Yarebitsa
1597:Vishegrad
1592:Veleshani
1587:Varbentsi
1582:Tsarevets
1522:Sokolyane
1512:Snezhinka
1497:Skalishte
1482:Sevdalina
1472:Sedlovina
1457:Rezbartsi
1452:Rani list
1437:Prileptsi
1387:Ohlyuvets
1382:Nevestino
1327:Lisitsite
1287:Kokoshane
1277:Kobilyane
1227:Gnyazdovo
1182:Dobrinovo
1152:Chegantsi
1122:Bolyartsi
1082:Kardzhali
1079:Capital:
1013:Vishegrad
993:Tsarevets
983:Storgosia
888:Hisarlaka
878:Devingrad
843:Baba Vida
396:Thracians
255:Etymology
247:. In the
229:Kardzhali
209:Bulgarian
195:Condition
167:Thracians
156:Abandoned
1672:Zvinitsa
1652:Zornitsa
1647:Zimzelen
1627:Zaychino
1562:Svatbare
1557:Stremtsi
1552:Stremovo
1532:Sredinka
1527:Solishte
1517:Sokolsko
1507:Skarbino
1447:Pudartsi
1422:Perperek
1407:Panchevo
1252:Ilinitsa
1202:Duzhdino
1187:Dolishte
1107:Bashtino
933:Lyutitsa
893:Kaliakra
858:Byalgrad
565:See also
407:basilica
400:Rhodopes
392:Arcadius
349:fortress
331:Sitalces
316:Dionysus
305:Iron Age
301:ceramics
241:megalith
233:Bulgaria
221:Thracian
215:), also
198:In ruins
164:Cultures
140:Material
74:Bulgaria
66:Location
1677:Zvunche
1667:Zvezden
1657:Zvanika
1622:Yastreb
1567:Tatkovo
1442:Propast
1427:Petlino
1412:Penyovo
1377:Nenkovo
1372:Murgovo
1352:Martino
1342:Madrets
1322:Kyosevo
1317:Krushka
1297:Kostino
1282:Kokiche
1262:Kalinka
1257:Ivantsi
1242:Guskovo
1212:Enchets
1197:Dungovo
1172:Chiflik
1117:Blenika
998:Tsepina
938:Markeli
873:Cherven
553:in the
422:Gallery
398:in the
357:Temples
323:Medokos
283:History
245:Balkans
148:Founded
135:History
1693:Monyak
1602:Visoka
1467:Rudina
1462:Ridovo
1332:Luvovo
1292:Konevo
1222:Gluhar
1177:Chilik
1147:Byalka
1132:Bozhak
1097:Ayrovo
1090:Places
1003:Urvich
978:Sostra
963:Patmos
953:Monyak
923:Lardea
918:Ktenia
913:Krivus
908:Krasen
676:Thrace
402:area.
374:Church
345:palace
327:Thrace
84:Thrace
80:Region
1492:Sipey
1432:Povet
1137:Brosh
1127:Boyno
1102:Bagra
1008:Ustra
416:Greek
309:altar
261:Greek
1367:Most
1307:Krin
721:2011
655:2012
364:Euro
127:Type
549:on
279:).
1720::
761:.
741:.
693:.
641:.
623:.
557:,
418:.
370:.
368:EU
355:.
263::
231:,
211::
72:,
1056:e
1049:t
1042:v
802:e
795:t
788:v
765:.
745:.
723:.
657:.
627:.
207:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
