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991:. The water from the Persian Gulf has a higher salinity, and therefore exits from the bottom of the Strait, while ocean water with less salinity flows in through the top. Another study revealed the following numbers for water exchanges for the Persian Gulf: evaporation = –1.84 m (6.0 ft)/year, precipitation = 0.08 m (0.26 ft)/year, inflow from the Strait = 33.66 m (110.4 ft)/year, outflow from the Strait = -32.11 m (105.3 ft)/year, and the balance is 0 m (0 ft)/year. Data from different 3D computational fluid mechanics models, typically with spatial resolution of 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) and depth each element equal to 1–10 metres (3.3–32.8 ft) are predominantly used in computer models.
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2116:(Euphrates and Tigris), which carry large amounts of sediment (most reef-building corals require strong light) and causes relatively large variations in temperature and salinity (corals in general are poorly suited to large variations). Nevertheless, coral reefs have been found along sections of coast of all countries in the Persian Gulf. Corals are vital ecosystems that support multitude of marine species, and whose health directly reflects the health of the Persian Gulf. Recent years have seen a drastic decline in the coral population in the Persian Gulf, partially owing to
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second most important habitat for the species, hosting some 7,500 remaining dugongs. However, the current number of dugongs is dwindling, and it is not clear how many are currently alive or what their reproductive trend is. Ambitious and uncalculated construction schemes, political unrest, ever-present international conflict, the most lucrative world supply of oil, and the lack of cooperation between Arab states and Iran, have had a negative impact on the survival of many marine species, including dugongs.
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Mangroves' ability to survive the salt water through intricate molecular mechanisms, their unique reproductive cycle, and their ability to grow in the most oxygen-deprived waters have allowed them extensive growth in hostile areas of the
Persian Gulf. However, with the advent of artificial island development, most of their habitat is destroyed, or occupied by man-made structures. This has had a negative impact on the crustaceans that rely on the mangrove, and in turn on the species that feed on them.
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expansion could prove devastating to this subspecies. A UN plan to protect the mangroves as a biological reserve was ignored by the emirate of
Sharjah, which allowed the dredging of a channel that bisects the wetland and construction of an adjacent concrete walkway. Environmental watchdogs in Arabia are few, and those that do advocate the wildlife are often silenced or ignored by developers of real estate many of whom have governmental connections.
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Martin
Blumenson; Robert W. Coakley; Stetson Conn; Byron Fairchild; Richard M. Leighton; Charles V.P. von Luttichau; Martin Blumenson; Robert W. Coakley; Stetson Conn; Byron Fairchild; Richard M. Leighton; Charles V.P. von Luttichau; Charles B. MacDonald; Sidney T. Mathews; Maurice Matloff; Ralph S.
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that flourish in the salt water shallows of the
Persian Gulf, and are the most important habitats for small crustaceans that dwell in them. They are as crucial an indicator of biological health on the surface of the water, as the corals are to biological health of the Persian Gulf in deeper waters.
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in the
Persian Gulf, which require tidal flow and a combination of fresh and salt water for growth, and act as nurseries for many crabs, small fish, and insects; these fish and insects are the source of food for many of the marine birds that feed on them. Mangroves are a diverse group of shrubs and
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Rogan, Eugene; Murphey, Rhoads; Masalha, Nur; Durac, Vincent; Hinnebusch, Raymond (November 1999). "Review of The
Ottoman Gulf: The Creation of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar by Frederick F. Anscombe; The Blood-Red Arab Flag: An Investigation into Qasimi Piracy, 1797–1820 by Charles E. Davies; The
2045:). Also called "sea cows", for their grazing habits and mild manner resembling livestock, dugongs have a life expectancy similar to that of humans and they can grow up to 3 metres (9.8 feet) in length. These gentle mammals feed on sea grass and are closer relatives of certain land mammals than are
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Portuguese influence in the
Persian Gulf lasted for 250 years; however, since the beginning of the 16th century, Portuguese dominance contended with the local powers and the Ottoman Empire. Following the arrival of the English and the Dutch, the Safavid Empire allied with the newcomers to contest
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The
Persian Gulf is connected to the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz. Writing the water balance budget for the Persian Gulf, the inputs are river discharges from Iran and Iraq (estimated to be 2,000 cubic metres (71,000 cu ft) per second), as well as precipitation over the sea
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were raised by conservationists over real estate development by the United Arab
Emirates and Oman. Estimates from 2006 showed that only three viable nesting sites were available for this ancient bird, one located 80 miles (129 km) from Dubai, and two smaller sites in Oman. Such real estate
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and various other natural and artificial causes. Uncontrolled hunting has also had a negative impact on the survival of dugongs. After
Australian waters, which are estimated to contain some 80,000 dugong inhabitants, the waters off Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, and Saudi Arabia make the Persian Gulf the
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The Achaemenid high naval command had established major naval bases located along Shatt al-Arab river, Bahrain, Oman, and Yemen. The Persian fleet would soon not only be used for peacekeeping purposes along the Shatt al-Arab but would also open the door to trade with India via Persian Gulf.
2293:, is located in the Persian Gulf. Large gas finds have also been made, with Qatar and Iran sharing a giant field across the territorial median line (North Field in the Qatari sector; South Pars Field in the Iranian sector). Using this gas, Qatar has built up a substantial
1476:, which he had taken from the Portuguese in 1615 and had named after himself. The Persian Gulf was therefore opened to a flourishing commerce with the Portuguese, Dutch, French, Spanish and the British merchants, who were granted particular privileges. The
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most of the southern coast. The Persian Gulf is about 56 km (35 mi) wide at its narrowest, in the Strait of Hormuz. Overall, the waters are very shallow, with a maximum depth of 90 metres (295 feet) and an average depth of 50 metres (164 feet).
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but mostly to irresponsible dumping by Arab states like the UAE and Bahrain. Construction garbage such as tires, cement, and chemical by products have found their way to the Persian Gulf in recent years. Aside from direct damage to the coral, the
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are rarer today. Historically, whales had been abundant in the Persian Gulf before commercial hunts wiped them out. Whales were reduced even further by illegal mass hunts by the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1960s and 1970s. Along with
987:. The evaporation of the sea is high, so that after considering river discharge and rain contributions, there is still a deficit of 416 cubic kilometres (100 cu mi) per year. This difference is supplied by currents at the
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where a number of rivers converged. This region may have served as an environmental refuge for early humans during periodic hyperarid climate oscillations. The modern marine Gulf was formed when sea level rose during the early
1337:(Darius I), Persian ships found their way to the Persian Gulf. Persian naval forces laid the foundation for a strong Persian maritime presence in Persian Gulf, that started with Darius I and existed until the arrival of the
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Overall, the wildlife of the Persian Gulf is endangered from both global factors, and regional, local negligence. Most pollution is from ships; land generated pollution counts as the second most common source of pollution.
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creates "traps" for marine life in which they are trapped and die. The result has been a dwindling population of the coral, and as a result a decrease in number of species that rely on the corals for their survival.
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1384:, is an example of such commercial port. Siraf, was also significant in that it had a flourishing commercial trade with China by the fourth century, having first established connection with the far east in 185 AD.
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Sharif Ranjbar S.; Dakhteh S.M.; Waerebeek V.K. (2016). "Omura's whale (Balaenoptera omurai ) stranding on Qeshm Island, Iran: further evidence for a wide (sub)tropical distribution, including the Persian Gulf".
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along the southern coast. Occasional ancient battles took place along the Persian Gulf coastlines, between the Sassanid Persian empire and the Lakhmid Kingdom, the most prominent of which was the invasion led by
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The Persian Gulf is also home to many migratory and local birds. There is great variation in color, size, and type of the bird species that call the Persian Gulf home. Concerns regarding the endangerment of the
1214:) combined with the shallow depth of the Gulf (on average around 35 metres (115 ft) and at max around 100 metres (330 ft) metres depth) most of the Persian Gulf was exposed as dry land, forming a flat
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as weapon in the psychological war with Iran for political influence in the Persian Gulf; but the story of these events belongs to a subsequent chapter on modern political and diplomatic history of the Persian
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may be destroyed. The dolphins that frequent the Persian Gulf in northern waters around Iran are also at risk. Recent statistics and observations show that dolphins are at danger of entrapment in purse
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The Persian Gulf is home to over 700 species of fish, most of which are native. Of these 700 species, more than 80% are reef associated. These reefs are primarily rocky, but there are also a few
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The wildlife of the Persian Gulf is diverse, and entirely unique because of the Persian Gulf's geographic distribution and its isolation from the international waters only breached by the narrow
1603:) while it was flying over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 people on board. The United Kingdom maintains a profile in the region; in 2006 alone, over 1 million British nationals visited
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During the years 550 to 330 BC, coinciding with the sovereignty of the Achaemenid Persian Empire over the Middle East area, especially the whole part of the Persian Gulf and some parts of the
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2053:. Their simple grass diet is negatively affected by new developments along the Persian Gulf coastline, particularly the construction of artificial islands by Arab states and pollution from
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In 2002, the Persian Gulf nations of Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE produced about 25% of the world's oil, held nearly two-thirds of the world's crude
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by mid-19th century AD. Persians were not only stationed on islands of the Persian Gulf, but also had ships often of 100 to 200 capacity patrolling empire's various rivers including
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province, which are not well understood, but are suspected to be linked with a deteriorating marine environment from water pollution from oil, sewage, and industrial run offs.
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2112:. Compared to the Red Sea, the coral reefs in the Persian Gulf are relatively few and far between. This is primarily connected to the influx of major rivers, especially the
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1658:. The Persian gulf's strategic location has made it an ideal place for human development over time. Today, many major cities of the Middle East are located in this region.
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defines the Persian Gulf's southern limit as "The Northwestern limit of Gulf of Oman". This limit is defined as "A line joining Ràs Limah (25°57'N) on the coast of
1185:, has seen the name "Arabian Gulf" become predominant in most Arab countries. Names beyond these two have also been applied to or proposed for this body of water.
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Xue, Pengfei; Eltahir, Elfatih A. B. (29 January 2015). "Estimation of the Heat and Water Budgets of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf Using a Regional Climate Model".
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and off the coasts in deeper waters, and still migrate into the Red Sea, but mainly in deeper waters of outer seas. In 2017, waters of the Persian Gulf along
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1873:, Persian Gulf is a diverse cradle for many species who depend on each other for survival. However, the Persian Gulf is not as biologically diverse as the
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For most of the early history of the settlements in the Persian Gulf, the southern shores were ruled by a series of nomadic tribes. During the end of the
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Not until the early 1960s does a major new development occur with the adoption by the Arab states bordering on the Persian Gulf of the expression
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maintained varying degrees of political control over some of the Persian Gulf states, including the United Arab Emirates (originally called the
1376:, were important trade routes in the Sassanid Empire. Many of the trading ports of the Persian empires were located in or around Persian Gulf.
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Mavrogordato; Leo J. Meyer; John Miller, Jr.; Louis Morton; Forrest C. Pogue; Roland G. Ruppenthal; Robert Ross Smith; Earl F. Ziemke (1960).
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against the Lakhmids, leading to Lakhmids' defeat, and advancement into Arabia, along the southern shorelines. During the seventh century the
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The dispute in naming has become especially prevalent since the 1960s. Rivalry between Iran and some Arab states, along with the emergence of
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5175:– an online portal providing access to previously undigitised British Library archive materials relating to Gulf history and Arabic science
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Real estate development in the Persian Gulf by the United Arab Emirates and Oman also raised concerns that habitats of species such as the
1050:. Consequently, in the Greek sources, the body of water that bordered this province came to be known as the "Persian Gulf". In the book of
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At the same period, there is the inscription and engraving of Darius the Great, which belongs to the fifth century BC: King Darius says:
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1512:. The Persian Gulf therefore became a critical maritime path through which the Allies transported equipment to Soviet Union against the
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The Persian Gulf and its coastal areas are the world's largest single source of petroleum, and related industries dominate the region.
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1380:, an ancient Sassanid port that was located on the northern shore of the Persian Gulf, located in what is now the Iranian province of
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1092:). Therefore, when this canal had been dug as I had ordered, ships went from Egypt through this canal to Persia, as I had intended.
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The Persian Gulf is home to many islands such as Bahrain, an Arab state. Geographically, the biggest island in the Persian Gulf is
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nets and exposure to chemical pollutants; perhaps the most alarming sign is the "mass suicides" committed by dolphins off Iran's
1998:, (also historically common in Gulf of Aden and increasingly sighted in the Red Sea since 2006, including in the Gulf of Aqaba),
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2748:"A model of the general circulation in the Persian Gulf and in the Strait of Hormuz: Intraseasonal to interannual variability"
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used Iran as a conduit to transport military and industrial supply to the USSR, through a pathway known historically as the "
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1990:, these once common residents can still can be seen in deeper marginal seas such as Gulf of Aden, Israel coasts, and in the
966:. Persian Gulf islands are often also historically significant, having been used in the past by colonial powers such as the
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refer to it as the Arabian Gulf or The Gulf, and other countries and organizations have begun using Arabian Gulf. The name
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in Kuwait, dating to the mid-sixth millennium BC, when the Gulf was part of an extensive trade network that involved the
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was prevalent until the 19th century. Many of the most notable historical instances of piracy were perpetrated by the
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reasserted itself into Eastern Arabia in 1871. Under military and political pressure from the governor of the Ottoman
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5067:"Expression of mangrove allene oxide cyclase enhances salt tolerance in Escherichia coli, yeast, and tobacco cells"
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The Baloch and Balochistan: A Historical Account from the Beginning to the fall of Baloch state Por Naseer Dashti
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1591:. The United States' role in the Persian Gulf grew in the second half of the Twentieth Century. On July 3, 1988,
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tribe submitted peacefully to Ottoman rule. The Ottomans were forced to withdraw from the area with the start of
349:
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Thomas Pohl; Sameh W. Al-Muqdadi; Malik H. Ali; Nadia Al-Mudaffar Fawzi; Hermann Ehrlich; Broder Merkel (2014).
2318:. Iraq's egress to the Persian Gulf is narrow and easily blockaded, consisting of the marshy river delta of the
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1210:), due to lowered sea levels (reaching around 125 metres (410 ft) metres below present values during the
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4193:. The Marine Science and Fisheries Center in the Ministry of Fisheries Wealth. Retrieved on December 17, 2014
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ruled the northern half and at times the southern half of the Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf, along with the
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Between 625 BC and 226 AD, the northern side was dominated by a succession of Persian empires including the
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civilization. For a long time, the most important settlement on the southern coast of the Persian Gulf was
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1865:. The Persian Gulf has hosted some of the most magnificent marine fauna and flora, some of which are near
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1508:". Britain utilized the Persian Gulf as the entry point for the supply chain in order to make use of the
1223:, from around 12,000 to 6,000 years ago. The flooding of the Gulf may have stimulated the development of
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History of the United Arab Emirates#The pearling industry and the Portuguese empire: 16th - 18th century
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Map depicting extent of early civilizations around the Persian Gulf, including Lackhmids and Sassanids.
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The 24-meters Blue Whale Skeleton at the Educational Science Museum in Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
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Juan R. I. Cole (1987). "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300–1800".
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The Mission of the Portuguese Augustinians to Persia and Beyond (1602–1747) Por John M. Flannery
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397:). Its length is 989 kilometres (615 miles), with Iran covering most of the northern coast and
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This inland sea of some 251,000 square kilometres (96,912 sq mi) is connected to the
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3485:"Boat remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth millennia BC"
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1058:(300 BC), the word "Persikon kolpos" is mentioned for multiple times meaning "Persian gulf".
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2923:"Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam"
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Before being given its present name, the Persian Gulf was called many different names. The
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Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam
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The case shows how alive the history of British colonial rule still is in the Gulf today
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Pernetta, John. (2004). Guide to the Oceans. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, Inc. p. 205.
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Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia and the Gulf, 1745–1900 by Hala Fattah".
2832:
9849:
9570:
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9091:
9009:
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8368:
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8006:
7991:
7975:
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7943:
7650:
7502:
7053:
6973:
6689:
6674:
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6629:
6614:
6412:
6382:
6264:
6204:
6058:
5837:
5682:
5483:
5417:
5080:
5039:
4981:
4973:
4929:
3795:
3727:
3496:
3457:
3424:
3369:
3254:
2867:
2812:
2767:
2504:
2469:
2265:
2084:
2080:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1974:
1866:
1862:
1505:
1334:
1182:
1114:
988:
959:
915:
679:
370:
325:
272:
5255:
5154:. EIA/DOE (Energy Information Administration/Department of Energy). Archived from
405:
Countries with a coastline on the Persian Gulf are (clockwise, from north): Iran;
10082:
10072:
9814:
9565:
9454:
9380:
9183:
9178:
9108:
9076:
8987:
8703:
8403:
8378:
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8353:
8301:
8291:
8286:
8276:
8256:
8226:
8178:
8174:
8144:
7770:
7740:
7720:
7640:
7304:
7299:
7284:
7254:
7219:
7141:
7038:
6904:
6844:
6839:
6699:
6518:
6156:
5897:
5872:
5822:
5677:
5642:
5557:
5337:
5172:
4666:
4646:
4619:
4502:
4438:
4328:
4308:
4284:
4264:
4210:
4190:
3938:
3866:
3764:
3169:
2937:
2587:
2580:
2567:
2516:
2206:
1449:
1393:
1369:
1365:
1330:
1326:
1314:
conquered the whole of the Persian Gulf, including southern and northern shores.
1311:
1162:
The body of water is historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf.
1106:
1047:
7414:
4082:"East of Suez, West from Helmand: British Expeditionary Force and the next SDSR"
1448:
to take control of the wealth created by its pearl industry. On April 29, 1602,
9919:
9839:
9829:
9819:
9760:
9735:
9444:
9385:
9316:
9203:
9188:
8997:
8935:
8680:
8383:
7710:
7690:
7655:
7645:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7444:
7434:
7324:
7309:
7191:
7043:
7020:
6834:
6792:
6787:
6659:
6624:
6508:
6466:
6427:
6422:
6407:
6083:
5887:
5877:
5857:
5842:
5832:
5722:
5717:
5692:
5537:
5402:
5352:
5332:
4806:
4573:
4244:
3405:"Shoreline reconstructions for the Persian Gulf since the last glacial maximum"
2872:
2848:"The unconquerable country: the Babylonian marshes in the Neo-Assyrian sources"
2847:
2747:
2390:
2355:
2225:
2117:
2088:
1995:
1541:
1537:
1477:
1453:
1444:
up the coast of the Persian Gulf. In 1521, a Portuguese force led by commander
1441:
1415:
1259:
1238:
1207:
971:
939:
931:
345:
329:
227:
136:
5220:
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3799:
3731:
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2771:
10165:
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9419:
9392:
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8031:
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7404:
7374:
7329:
7319:
7294:
7274:
7244:
7224:
7136:
7111:
6740:
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6619:
6553:
6461:
6437:
6372:
6028:
6008:
6003:
5993:
5892:
5882:
5867:
5797:
5752:
5732:
5727:
5637:
5632:
5597:
5577:
5547:
5532:
5527:
5407:
5382:
5377:
5362:
5302:
5065:
Yamada, Akiyo; Saitoh, Takeo; Mimura, Tetsuro; Ozeki, Yoshihiro (Fall 1980).
4670:
4623:
3900:
3508:
3381:
3326:(1980). "The Nomenclature of the Persian Gulf". In Cottrell, Alvin J. (ed.).
3240:
3160:
2824:
2611:
2347:
2319:
2228:(being the most isolated, and the only resident population in the world) off
2192:
2113:
2093:
1958:
1469:
1437:
1346:
1318:
1042:
378:
321:
276:
129:
91:
78:
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9645:
9429:
9397:
9233:
9135:
9041:
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8001:
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7492:
7459:
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7409:
7384:
7369:
7359:
7314:
7269:
7259:
7249:
7234:
7199:
7121:
7103:
7028:
6957:
6755:
6589:
Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies
6402:
6120:
6018:
5988:
5922:
5907:
5852:
5817:
5792:
5787:
5737:
5697:
5687:
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5647:
5617:
5572:
5552:
5372:
5342:
5327:
5094:
4995:
4472:
4214:
3999:
3214:. International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. p. 21. Archived from
2579:
A Brief Tectonic History of the Arabian basin. Retrieved from the website:
2252:
2023:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1785:
1744:
1651:
1615:
1533:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1468:. With the support of the British fleet, in 1622 'Abbās took the island of
1350:
1279:
1009:
984:
919:
911:
734:
531:
398:
366:
294:
268:
256:
154:
125:
31:
6864:
5155:
4692:
1274:. The oldest evidence in the world for seagoing vessels has been found at
942:
administered by UAE. In recent years, there has also been the addition of
10017:
9939:
9889:
9710:
9680:
9625:
9615:
9301:
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8881:
8743:
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7783:
7755:
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7394:
7209:
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7156:
7126:
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6777:
6730:
6669:
6161:
5983:
5963:
5667:
5652:
5612:
5562:
5307:
5125:"Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Exports Fact Sheet (U.S. Department of Energy)"
5085:
5066:
4055:
3184:"Persian (or Arabian) Gulf Is Caught in the Middle of Regional Rivalries"
2570:, 23rd Session, Vienna, 28 March – 4 April 2006. accessed October 9, 2010
2305:
2278:
2037:
One of the more unusual marine mammals living in the Persian Gulf is the
2019:
2003:
1692:
1674:
1596:
1493:
1460:, expelled the Portuguese from Bahrain, and that date is commemorated as
1275:
1271:
1199:
1178:
1163:
1135:
1013:
927:
923:
374:
279:
5149:
2669:
2010:
also swim into the Persian Gulf, while many other large species such as
1282:
settlements in Mesopotamia and communities along the entire Gulf coast.
10067:
9934:
9924:
9690:
9528:
9434:
8139:
8134:
7819:
7793:
7760:
7750:
7695:
7575:
7482:
7449:
7379:
7349:
7344:
7289:
7279:
7239:
7229:
7204:
7176:
7151:
7083:
7068:
6804:
6799:
6684:
6548:
6533:
6294:
6171:
6111:
6063:
6043:
5917:
5862:
5827:
5312:
4586:
3266:
2151:
2109:
2011:
1576:
1215:
1129:
317:
290:
119:
7864:
7835:
4977:
4115:"The UK in Oman – A new support facility for the British Armed Forces"
3807:
3739:
2341:
1406:
10062:
9793:
9740:
9685:
9675:
9585:
9533:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9439:
9120:
8748:
8675:
8633:
8444:
8129:
8016:
7953:
7715:
7685:
7610:
7590:
7585:
7570:
7542:
7399:
7364:
7354:
7264:
7181:
7088:
7048:
6609:
6528:
6476:
5627:
5322:
4635:
4432:
Pre-print manuscript published on humpback whales in the Persian Gulf
2323:
2274:
2244:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2097:
2015:
1710:
1521:
1373:
1307:
1224:
422:
382:
302:
252:
62:
6814:
5202:
3624:
3258:
1544:) and at various times Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar through the
1436:
expansion into the Indian Ocean in the early 16th century following
1227:
farming cultures in regions of the Middle East adjacent to the Gulf.
328:. The current flooding of the basin started 15,000 years ago due to
10057:
10037:
10032:
10012:
10007:
9783:
9773:
9695:
9630:
9402:
9130:
9086:
9081:
8945:
8581:
8236:
8159:
8154:
8061:
8046:
8041:
7996:
7788:
7778:
7745:
7700:
7670:
7665:
7565:
7146:
7078:
6471:
6456:
6311:
6033:
5602:
4834:"Iran: Spill, Dolphin Deaths Spark Alarm At Persian Gulf Pollution"
4480:
3461:
3443:
3373:
2312:) that have a coastline on the Persian Gulf are referred to as the
2290:
2046:
1580:
1532:
between the British and the Sheikhs of what was then known as the '
1489:
1472:
from the Portuguese; much of the trade was diverted to the town of
1364:
Following the fall of Achaemenid Empire, and after the fall of the
1298:
1220:
1051:
1004:
441:
also lie within the Persian Gulf, some of which are the subject of
313:
6870:
Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War
4184:
Whales and Dolphins in Arabian Sea: Arabian Sea Survey (2007–2008)
9725:
9715:
9595:
9590:
9505:
8338:
8066:
8056:
8021:
8011:
7537:
6927:
6136:
6023:
5952:
5522:
5458:
4288:
1970:
1946:
1874:
1821:
1627:
1381:
1302:
1301:, who lived in what is now Yemen, migrated north and founded the
826:
600:
426:
298:
162:
4954:"Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq"
3622:
10042:
9929:
9914:
9904:
9864:
9778:
8086:
8036:
7958:
6942:
6639:
6093:
5940:
5712:
5397:
5367:
5197:
5188:
The Portuguese in the Arabian peninsula and in the Persian Gulf
4346:"PBS – The Voyage of the Odyssey – Track the Voyage – Maldives"
4004:
3444:"New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis"
3358:"New Light on Human Prehistory in the Arabo-Persian Gulf Oasis"
2643:. International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from
2496:
2327:
2248:
2173:
2050:
2038:
1977:
are the most common marine mammals in the waters, while larger
1870:
1835:
1817:
1781:
1759:
1696:
1639:
1588:
1294:
1290:
1033:
935:
803:
577:
430:
386:
150:
30:"Gulf Region" redirects here. For the region in Australia, see
5110:
Encyclopedia of World Trade: From Ancient Times to the Present
4023:"Classified document on Bahrain rankles Britain decades later"
3995:"Blair was dangerously off target in his condemnation of Iran"
3678:"THE AGE OF COLONIALISM Persian Gulf States Table of Contents"
9824:
9798:
9768:
9730:
9670:
9665:
9660:
8439:
8076:
8071:
8051:
7809:
7004:
6952:
6820:
Iran Historical Sovereignty over the Tunbs and BuMusa Islands
5945:
5607:
5567:
5357:
4613:
Abu Dhabi has world's largest population of humpback dolphins
4332:
3966:"ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A300B2-203 EP-IBU Qeshm Island"
3871:. Office of the Chief of Military History, Dept. of the Army.
3083:
2985:
1978:
1803:
1729:
1647:
1604:
1377:
1289:, the southern part of the Persian Gulf was dominated by the
1267:
955:
780:
554:
418:
158:
19:
This article is about the body of water. For other uses, see
4920:
Emery, K. O. (1956). "Sediments and Water of Persian Gulf".
4441:. Arabian Sea Whale Network. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
3243:(Fall 1980). "Security Considerations in the Persian Gulf".
3014:. Asia Times. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010
1198:
The region of the Persian Gulf has been inhabited since the
10052:
9992:
9745:
9223:
8026:
6947:
6937:
6932:
6679:
6072:
6048:
6038:
5972:
5767:
5592:
5260:
2309:
2007:
1982:
1839:
1799:
1767:
1678:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1595:
was shot down by the U.S. military (which had mistaken the
1584:
1465:
1354:
1230:
1046:, also known as Persia), in the southwestern region of the
963:
872:
849:
711:
646:
623:
485:
434:
406:
390:
286:
260:
170:
146:
142:
4155:
2396:
Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi#Perpetual Maritime Truce of 1853
1994:. Other species such as the critically endangered Arabian
9884:
9750:
9523:
7814:
4350:
1583:, the largely air- and land-based conflict that followed
362:
and Ràs al Kuh (25°48'N) on the coast of Iran (Persia)".
232:
3868:
The Persian Corridor and aid to Russia, Volume 7, Part 1
3784:
3599:
From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire
2938:"The Voyage of Nearchus from the Indus to the Euphrates"
2030:
were revealed to hold the world's largest population of
1614:, in the Persian Gulf, the first since it withdrew from
918:. Other significant islands in the Persian Gulf include
9513:
5064:
4056:"UK to establish £15m permanent Mid East military base"
3135:"United Nations Cartographic Section (Middle East Map)"
3051:. Asia Times. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016
2746:
Pous, Stéphane; Lazure, Pascal; Carton, Xavier (2015).
1496:
and the need for troops in various other frontiers. In
4777:
4087:. Oxford Research Group. December 2014. Archived from
2559:
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
1618:
in 1971 and is developing a support facility in Oman.
1069:) Sea" is widely found in the compiled written texts.
5013:"Dumping by Construction Crews Killing Bahrain Coral"
4780:"Turtles Rehabilitated After Persian Gulf Oil Spills"
2483:
1403:
Portuguese dominance of the seas in the 17th century.
1333:
empires. Under the leadership of the Achaemenid king
974:
in their trade or as acquisitions for their empires.
285:
The Persian Gulf has many fishing grounds, extensive
10114:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
7003:
6280:
Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs
5112:. London, UK: Routledge – via Credo Reference.
2530:
2337:
1945:
of the Arabian Sea, including the Persian Gulf, the
1607:. In 2018, the UK opened a permanent military base,
1571:
The Persian Gulf was a battlefield of the 1980–1988
4804:
3822:"Shaikh Abdullah Bin Jassim Al Thani – Amiri Diwan"
3533:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936
3322:
2695:"Catches by Taxon in the waters of Oman (Musandam)"
4715:"Persian Gulf Mermaids Face Environmental Threats"
1869:or at serious environmental risk. From corals, to
1626:Eight nations have coasts along the Persian Gulf:
983:which is around 180 mm (7.1 in)/year in
4660:Abu Dhabi leads world in humpback dolphin numbers
4514:
3864:
1357:in the west, as well as Sind waterway, in India.
10163:
4861:
4753:"Development in Persian Gulf Threatens Wildlife"
2745:
2555:
2553:
2551:
1270:) developed along the Persian Gulf and southern
69:
6230:Afsharid conquests in the Persian Gulf and Oman
5122:
4887:
4885:
3717:
2721:"Portuguese in the Arabia and the Persian Gulf"
2055:oil spills caused during the "Persian Gulf war"
5413:South Iran Nubo–Sindian desert and semi-desert
5150:U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
4640:Abu Dhabi proves a haven for humpback dolphins
3529:
2894:
2581:http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?pageid=133
1440:'s voyages of exploration saw them battle the
8649:
7880:
6989:
5241:
4831:
4496:Whale tracing us in a boat at Kuwait sea area
3899:
3883:"Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammed al-Qasimi obituary"
3595:
3568:
3105:
2548:
2330:rivers, where the east bank is held by Iran.
373:; and its western end is marked by the major
5152:"Persian Gulf Oil and Gas Export Fact Sheet"
4915:
4913:
4891:
4882:
4381:"Summary review of cetaceans of the Red Sea"
3720:International Journal of Middle East Studies
3572:Shadows in the desert: ancient Persia at war
3298:. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016.
3046:
2308:reserves. The oil-rich countries (excluding
1524:tribe. This led to the British mounting the
1080:) canal from the river that is called Nile (
8475:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
6569:Persian Gulf International Education Center
6327:2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel
4947:
4945:
4943:
4934:10.1306/5CEAE595-16BB-11D7-8645000102C1865D
4267:. LIVIN Q8. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
3162:Omission of 'Persian Gulf' Name Angers Iran
1028:called it the "Bitter Sea". In 550 BC, the
255:. The body of water is an extension of the
8656:
8642:
7887:
7873:
6996:
6982:
6544:Gulf University for Science and Technology
6190:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island
5494:South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field
5248:
5234:
4505:. Youtube. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
4311:. Youtube. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
3854:. Government Printing Office. p. 225.
3132:
3009:
2897:"The Persian Gulf Trade in Late Antiquity"
2784:
1575:, in which each side attacked the other's
448:
301:has been damaged by industrialization and
6352:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone
5298:Arabian-Persian Gulf Coastal Plain Desert
5084:
4985:
4910:
4750:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4479:
4450:
3788:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
3778:
3328:The Persian Gulf States: A General Survey
2871:
2806:
2176:mother and her offspring in shallow water
1528:. The campaign led to the signing of the
1128:'cleansing', a name mentioned in
10257:Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates border
6357:Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf
5107:
4940:
4807:"Dolphins of Persian Gulf are in danger"
3989:
3649:
3209:"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition"
2935:
2638:"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition"
2386:Saeed bin Butti#Perpetual Maritime Truce
2269:
1908:: vague phrasing that often accompanies
1621:
1555:
1405:
1249:
1237:
1229:
1151:
1139:A historical map of the Persian Gulf in
1134:
1032:established the first ancient empire in
1003:
226:
197:251,000 km (97,000 sq mi)
9576:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
7894:
5007:
5005:
4112:
3711:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3402:
3334:. pp. xvii–xxxvi. p. xxxiii:
3012:"Gulf renamed in aversion to 'Persian'"
2191:off the southern shore of Iran, around
1266:The world's oldest known civilization (
1172:International Hydrographic Organization
914:, belonging to Iran and located in the
356:International Hydrographic Organization
10164:
9450:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
9209:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
8663:
4786:from the original on 10 September 2012
4778:Tim Thomas & Ian Robinson (2001).
4676:
4375:
4373:
4113:Tossini, J. Vitor (20 February 2018).
3936:
3690:
3623:British Institute of Persian Studies.
3482:
3287:
3181:
2983:
8637:
7868:
6977:
6768:Environmental impact of the Gulf wars
5229:
4919:
4553:A Field Guide to the Mammals of Egypt
4393:from the original on 11 October 2021.
4164:from the original on 26 November 2010
4062:from the original on 24 November 2017
3814:
3351:
3349:
3239:
3153:
2503:
1546:British Residency of the Persian Gulf
1398:British residency of the Persian Gulf
1088:), to the sea that begins in Persia (
221:8,780 km (2,100 cu mi)
9581:China National Petroleum Corporation
6895:Persian Gulf Veterans National Medal
6322:Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes
5046:from the original on 6 December 2010
5019:from the original on 31 October 2010
5002:
4896:. Aquaprint Verlag GmbH. p. 5.
4857:
4855:
4840:from the original on 14 January 2011
4836:. Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty.
4746:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4721:from the original on 14 January 2011
4358:from the original on 19 October 2017
4033:from the original on 30 January 2022
3557:
3441:
3355:
3201:
3172:, World Press.com, December 28, 2006
2845:
2718:
1888:
1599:operating the flight for an Iranian
1099:Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions
393:, this is called "Arvand Rud" (lit.
16:Arm of the Indian Ocean in West Asia
6850:List of Gulf War military equipment
6564:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
5510:List of islands in the Persian Gulf
5348:Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert
4755:. Discovery Channel. Archived from
4370:
3409:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
3084:Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
2984:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
2520:
2473:
1857:Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert
1118:
1109:times, the Persian Gulf was called
999:
906:List of islands in the Persian Gulf
13:
9641:National Iranian South Oil Company
9357:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
6332:2011–2012 Strait of Hormuz dispute
6250:Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf
5037:
4557:American University in Cairo Press
4412:from the original on 10 March 2016
4011:from the original on 30 July 2016.
3963:
3442:Rose, Jeffrey I. (December 2010).
3356:Rose, Jeffrey I. (December 2010).
3346:
2986:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
2630:
2618:from the original on 13 April 2016
2322:, which carries the waters of the
2297:(LNG) and petrochemical industry.
1884:
1193:
938:administered by Saudi Arabia, and
445:between the states in the region.
381:, which carries the waters of the
14:
10273:
10247:Marginal seas of the Indian Ocean
10109:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
9998:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
9651:Oil & Gas Development Company
6388:Arabian Gulf Rugby Football Union
6378:Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation
5194:32 historical map of Persian gulf
5166:
4862:Jen/fishbase.org (30 June 2003).
4852:
4813:from the original on 29 June 2011
4733:
4673:. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
4649:. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
4626:. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
4593:from the original on 7 March 2016
4568:Dr. Perrin F.W., Koch C.C. 2007.
4533:from the original on 5 March 2016
4335:. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
4291:. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
3828:from the original on 7 March 2018
3631:from the original on 16 July 2011
3575:. Osprey Publishing. p. 68.
3288:Abedin, Mahan (4 December 2004).
3182:Zraick, Karen (12 January 2016).
3141:from the original on 30 June 2017
2431:Geography of United Arab Emirates
2103:
1579:. It is the namesake of the 1991
1551:
10146:
10145:
8613:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary
8104:
7847:
7846:
7834:
6574:Persian Gulf Online Organization
6144:
6119:
6071:
5971:
5951:
5805:
5780:
5760:
5705:
5585:
5515:
5489:Persian Gulf Residential Complex
5108:Northrup, Cynthia Clark (2013).
4894:Indian Ocean Tropical Fish Guide
4870:from the original on 2 July 2010
4832:Vahid Sepehri (3 October 2007).
4576:. Retrieved on December 17, 2014
4559:. Retrieved on February 26. 2016
4403:
4247:. Retrieved on December 17, 2014
4234:. Retrieved on December 17, 2014
4217:. Retrieved on December 17, 2014
4156:Morteza Aminmansour/Pars Times.
3047:Mahan Abedin (9 December 2004).
2340:
2237:
2217:
2199:
2189:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins
2181:
2166:
2032:Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins
1893:
1828:
1810:
1792:
1774:
1752:
1737:
1721:
1703:
1685:
1667:
1246:in relation to the Persian Gulf.
865:
842:
819:
796:
773:
750:
727:
704:
639:
616:
593:
570:
547:
524:
501:
478:
47:
10222:Bodies of water of Saudi Arabia
9656:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
6665:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin
6347:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
6260:General Maritime Treaty of 1820
6210:Anglo-Persian capture of Hormuz
6200:Ottoman campaign against Hormuz
5454:Fort Nossa Senhora da Conceição
5265:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
5143:
5116:
5101:
5058:
5031:
5015:. Maurice Picow. 16 June 2010.
4825:
4798:
4771:
4717:. Maurice Picow. 4 March 2010.
4707:
4652:
4629:
4605:
4579:
4562:
4545:
4508:
4488:
4466:
4444:
4424:
4397:
4338:
4314:
4294:
4270:
4250:
4237:
4220:
4204:Whales and dolphins in the Gulf
4196:
4176:
4149:
4132:
4106:
4074:
4048:
4015:
3983:
3957:
3930:
3893:
3875:
3858:
3840:
3769:
3754:
3691:Dashti, Naseer (October 2012).
3684:
3670:
3643:
3616:
3589:
3523:
3476:
3435:
3396:
3316:
3281:
3233:
3175:
3126:
3099:
3077:
3040:
3003:
2977:
2952:
2929:
2915:
2888:
2846:Bagg, Ariel M. (1 March 2020).
2839:
2778:
2739:
2411:General Maritime Treaty of 1820
2304:, and about 35% of the world's
2289:, the world's largest offshore
1530:General Maritime Treaty of 1820
1446:Antonio Correia invaded Bahrain
1387:
977:
350:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
282:forms the northwest shoreline.
10124:Society of Petroleum Engineers
9895:Port Harcourt Refining Company
9561:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
8170:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)
8165:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)
6860:Media coverage of the Gulf War
6746:Christianity in Eastern Arabia
6393:Arabian Gulf rugby sevens team
6342:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
6285:1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict
6240:Bani Utbah invasion of Bahrain
6225:1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain
4864:"Fish Species in Persian Gulf"
4691:. American.edu. Archived from
4570:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
3332:Johns Hopkins University Press
3010:K Darbandi (27 October 2007).
2712:
2687:
2662:
2592:
2573:
2510:
2463:
2259:
2224:Critically endangered Arabian
1170:(Persian Gulf) is used by the
1:
9070:Production sharing agreements
8552:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
7949:Tigris–Euphrates river system
6726:2010 Islamic Solidarity Games
6398:Arabian Gulf rugby union team
6337:2016 U.S.–Iran naval incident
6255:Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
6245:Persian Gulf campaign of 1809
6195:Portuguese conquest of Hormuz
5423:Tigris–Euphrates river system
3937:Potter, L. (5 January 2009).
3909:. Ardent Media. p. 172.
2541:
2406:Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
2401:Persian Gulf campaign of 1809
2143:trees belonging to the genus
1563:: Tanker convoy No. 12 under
1536:'. From 1763 until 1971, the
1526:Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
1423:
1018:larger map of the Middle East
1008:Map of the Persian Gulf. The
673:
25:Arabian Gulf (disambiguation)
21:Persian Gulf (disambiguation)
10202:Geography of the Middle East
10104:Canadian petroleum companies
10099:American Petroleum Institute
9636:National Iranian Oil Company
9621:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
4805:Mandana Javidinejad (2007).
3602:. Eisenbrauns. p. 761.
3429:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00069-6
3290:"All at Sea over 'the Gulf'"
3049:"All at sea over 'the Gulf'"
2022:were once migrants into the
890:
877:
859:
854:
836:
831:
813:
808:
790:
785:
767:
762:
744:
739:
721:
716:
698:
664:
651:
633:
628:
610:
605:
587:
582:
564:
559:
541:
536:
518:
513:
495:
490:
472:
339:
7:
10177:Bahrain–Saudi Arabia border
10119:International Energy Agency
9104:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
8618:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
8500:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
8495:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
6855:Map of Iran in Afsharid Era
6579:Persian Gulf Studies Center
5773:Quoin Island (Persian Gulf)
5428:Zagros fold and thrust belt
5277:Persian Gulf naming dispute
4243:Clapham P., Ivashchenko Y.
4158:"Pollution in Persian Gulf"
3940:The Persian Gulf in History
3403:Lambeck, Kurt (July 1996).
2531:
2484:
2333:
1850:
1256:British Expeditionary Force
1158:Persian Gulf naming dispute
308:The Persian Gulf is in the
231:Persian Gulf at Night from
10:
10278:
10242:Kuwait–Saudi Arabia border
10187:Bodies of water of Bahrain
9706:PTT Public Company Limited
9307:East Midlands Oil Province
9292:List of natural gas fields
8892:Integrated asset modelling
8623:Chicago Hittite Dictionary
7215:American Mediterranean Sea
6910:Rationale for the Gulf War
6900:Piracy in the Persian Gulf
6705:Smoothtooth blacktip shark
6099:Khor Al Amaya Oil Terminal
3865:T. H. Vail Motter (1952).
3650:Flannery, John M. (2013).
2873:10.1007/s12685-020-00245-5
2752:Continental Shelf Research
2263:
2159:
1920:Such statements should be
1854:
1518:piracy in the Persian Gulf
1391:
1339:British East India Company
1188:
1155:
903:
899:
343:
316:origin and related to the
29:
18:
10252:Qatar–Saudi Arabia border
10197:Bodies of water of Kuwait
10141:
10091:
10078:Weatherford International
9957:
9807:
9759:
9611:Iraq National Oil Company
9547:
9504:
9489:
9480:
9365:
9282:
9164:
9050:
8944:
8872:
8815:
8774:
8767:
8689:
8671:
8590:
8544:
8518:
8422:
8319:
8212:
8120:
8113:
8102:
7984:
7911:
7902:
7828:
7802:
7769:
7551:
7458:
7190:
7102:
7019:
6923:
6890:Persian Gulf National Day
6751:Culture of Eastern Arabia
6718:
6597:
6446:
6365:
6215:Action of 1 February 1625
6182:
5933:
5502:
5464:Mangrove forests of Qeshm
5436:
5285:
5272:
5072:Plant and Cell Physiology
4751:Jim Krane (3 July 2006).
4302:حوت يسبح قرب أبراج الكويت
4278:Whale seen in kuwait seas
3800:10.1080/13530199908705688
3732:10.1017/s0020743800031834
3501:10.1017/S0003598X0009325X
3308:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3069:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3032:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2817:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00189.1
2772:10.1016/j.csr.2014.12.008
2421:Geography of Saudi Arabia
1462:National Persian Gulf day
1254:A painting depicting the
1244:Achaemenid Persian empire
693:
690:
467:
464:
267:. It is connected to the
217:
209:
201:
193:
189:989 km (615 mi)
185:
181:
135:
117:
107:
68:
58:
46:
41:
10227:Bodies of water of Qatar
7021:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
6915:The National (Abu Dhabi)
6559:Khaleeji Commercial Bank
6539:Gulf University, Bahrain
6514:Gulf Cooperation Council
6499:Arabian Gulf Oil Company
6433:UAE Pro League Committee
6220:Battle off Hormuz (1625)
5623:Greater and Lesser Tunbs
4258:Whale Watching In Kuwait
4058:. BBC. 6 December 2014.
3775:Rahman 1979, pp. 138–139
2901:Journal of World History
2456:
2134:A great example of this
2129:
2061:
1728:Dubai skyline at night,
1297:. In the second century
1065:, the name of "Persian (
934:administered by Kuwait,
687:
461:
454:Exclusive economic zones
334:Holocene glacial retreat
289:(mostly rocky, but also
10192:Bodies of water of Iraq
10129:World Petroleum Council
10003:China Oilfield Services
9060:Petroleum fiscal regime
8759:Western Canadian Select
8754:West Texas Intermediate
7167:Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea
6763:Eastern Arabian cuisine
6584:Persian Gulf University
6524:Gulf Medical University
6504:Arabian Gulf University
6418:Persian Gulf Pro League
5913:The World (archipelago)
4809:. Payvand News Agency.
4515:Imisdocs/publications.
4245:Marine Fisheries Review
3970:www.aviation-safety.net
3530:M. Th. Houtsma (1993).
3483:Carter, Robert (2006).
3421:1996E&PSL.142...43L
3330:. Baltimore, Maryland:
3108:"Political Map of Iran"
2895:Touraj Daryaee (2003).
2505:[xæliːdʒefɒːɾs]
2361:Eastern Arabian cuisine
1312:Sassanid Persian empire
1076:I ordered to dig this (
994:
449:Exclusive economic zone
243:, sometimes called the
213:90 m (300 ft)
205:50 m (160 ft)
53:Persian Gulf from space
10207:Geography of West Asia
9606:Indian Oil Corporation
9092:Submersible pump (ESP)
9037:Underbalanced drilling
8858:of gasoline and diesel
8455:Babylonian mathematics
7488:Great Australian Bight
6880:Persian Gulf (missile)
6494:Al Khaleej (newspaper)
6302:Operation Earnest Will
6275:Joint Operation Arvand
6235:Persian Gulf Residency
6089:Al Başrah Oil Terminal
5999:Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni
5318:Clarence Strait (Iran)
5190:(archived 15 May 2005)
4232:New Holland Publishers
3596:Pierre Briant (2006).
3569:Kaveh Farrokh (2007).
3246:International Security
2942:The Voyage of Nearchus
2366:Cradle of civilization
2282:
1568:
1567:escort in October 1987
1561:Operation Earnest Will
1458:Safavid Persian Empire
1430:
1263:
1247:
1235:
1206:(115,000–11,700 years
1148:
1103:
1084:) and flows in Egypt (
1021:
930:administered by Iran,
236:
9983:Cameron International
9425:Petrodollar recycling
9408:fossil fuel phase-out
8971:Differential sticking
8924:Reflection seismology
8897:Petroleum engineering
8739:OPEC Reference Basket
6773:Gulf and Kuwait Medal
5743:Umm al Maradim Island
5173:Qatar Digital Library
5123:Persian Gulf Online.
4892:Debelius, H. (1993).
3086:"The World Fact Book"
2295:liquefied natural gas
2273:
1943:mediterranean regions
1622:Cities and population
1559:
1510:Trans-Iranian Railway
1409:
1253:
1241:
1233:
1202:. During most of the
1152:Modern naming dispute
1138:
1078:Canal of the Pharaohs
1074:
1007:
456:in the Persian Gulf:
439:Various small islands
425:off the Saudi coast;
230:
10262:Western Indo-Pacific
10182:Bahrain–Qatar border
9880:Occidental Petroleum
9194:1990 oil price shock
9020:Shale oil extraction
8993:Drilling engineering
8976:Directional drilling
8902:Reservoir simulation
8450:Babylonian astronomy
7929:Mesopotamian Marshes
7335:Gulf of St. Lawrence
6963:United Arab Emirates
6885:Persian Gulf Inferno
6875:Persian Gulf (horse)
6783:Bahraini Gulf Arabic
6695:Rhizophora mucronata
6655:Hawksbill sea turtle
6270:Persian Gulf Command
6132:King Abdul Aziz Port
5813:United Arab Emirates
5484:Persian Gulf Highway
5479:Persian Gulf Complex
5469:Persian Gulf Airport
5388:Mesopotamian Marshes
5183:Encyclopædia Iranica
4759:on 23 September 2006
4300:جرائم ومحاكم. 2015.
4276:Burahmah I.. 2013.
4182:Dr. Gheilani A.M.H.
3993:(23 December 2006).
3449:Current Anthropology
3362:Current Anthropology
2727:on 11 September 2015
2561:Working Paper No. 61
2441:Geography of Bahrain
2371:Deluge (prehistoric)
2281:pipelines and fields
2073:collared kingfishers
1922:clarified or removed
1656:United Arab Emirates
1287:fourth millennium BC
1212:Last Glacial Maximum
758:United Arab Emirates
509:United Arab Emirates
443:territorial disputes
429:, an island nation;
415:United Arab Emirates
167:United Arab Emirates
10028:Naftiran Intertrade
9973:Amec Foster Wheeler
9900:Reliance Industries
9789:Naftiran Intertrade
9601:Hindustan Petroleum
9199:2000s energy crisis
8531:Destruction by ISIL
8485:Sumerian literature
8460:Akkadian literature
7896:Ancient Mesopotamia
7636:Gulf of Carpentaria
7430:Sea of the Hebrides
7059:King Haakon VII Sea
6830:Khaleeji (currency)
6635:Collared kingfisher
6605:Arabian carpetshark
5748:Umm an Namil Island
5474:Persian Gulf Bridge
4970:2014NatSR...4E4250P
3763:21 May 2013 at the
3324:Bosworth, C. Edmund
3114:on 27 November 2010
3106:nationsonline.org.
2907:(1). Archived from
2864:2020WatHi..12...57B
2799:2015JCli...28.5041X
2764:2015CSR....94...55P
2699:www.seaaroundus.org
2674:www.seaaroundus.org
2532:Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī
2446:Geography of Kuwait
2315:Persian Gulf States
2212:in the Persian Gulf
1593:Iran Air Flight 655
1204:Last Glacial Period
1113:, which comes from
948:tourist attractions
369:in the east by the
271:in the east by the
175:exclave of Musandam
88: /
10237:Iraq–Kuwait border
9875:Marathon Petroleum
9297:List of oil fields
8907:Reservoir modeling
8665:Petroleum industry
8567:Mesopotamian myths
7631:Gulf of California
7528:Mozambique Channel
7172:Queen Victoria Sea
7034:Bellingshausen Sea
6825:IRIS Khalij-e Fars
6650:Greater lizardfish
6482:SaudiGulf Airlines
6317:Gulf War oil spill
6307:Bridgeton incident
6054:Port Emam Khomeyni
5449:Ferdowsi Gas Field
5393:Persian Gulf Basin
5209:Sharks in the Gulf
5158:on 2 January 2011.
5086:10.1093/pcp/pcf108
4665:2017-09-21 at the
4658:Sanker A.. 2017.
4645:2017-09-20 at the
4618:2017-09-21 at the
4501:2018-11-20 at the
4437:2017-09-21 at the
4406:"ホルムズ海峡でGTフィッシング②"
4327:2017-10-19 at the
4307:2018-11-20 at the
4283:2018-11-20 at the
4263:2017-09-21 at the
4228:Diving with Giants
4209:2014-12-17 at the
4189:2014-12-17 at the
4119:UK Defence Journal
3889:. 1 November 2010.
3338:al-Khalij al-Arabi
3188:The New York Times
3168:2007-01-09 at the
2787:Journal of Climate
2586:2018-09-17 at the
2566:2012-10-03 at the
2436:Geography of Qatar
2376:Musandam Peninsula
2287:Safaniya Oil Field
2283:
2123:construction waste
2071:subspecies of the
1569:
1482:Vilayet of Baghdad
1431:
1414:on Hormuz Island (
1264:
1248:
1242:Map depicting the
1236:
1149:
1022:
944:artificial islands
437:in the northwest.
310:Persian Gulf Basin
246:
237:
10159:
10158:
10137:
10136:
10023:Nabors Industries
9953:
9952:
9151:Well intervention
9126:Petroleum product
9025:Ljungström method
8929:Seismic inversion
8914:Petroleum geology
8868:
8867:
8631:
8630:
8582:Ziggurat (Temple)
8557:Sumerian religion
8315:
8314:
8262:Middle Babylonian
8204:Kish civilization
8100:
8099:
7924:Lower Mesopotamia
7919:Upper Mesopotamia
7862:
7861:
7841:Oceans portal
7390:Mediterranean Sea
7340:Gulf of Venezuela
7132:East Siberian Sea
7074:Riiser-Larsen Sea
6971:
6970:
6810:Gulf War syndrome
6710:Xenisthmus balius
6489:Akhbar Al Khaleej
6183:History of region
6167:Port of Jebel Ali
6014:Bandar-e Mahshahr
5848:Bluewaters Island
5543:Diyar Al Muharraq
5293:Arabian Peninsula
4978:10.1038/srep04250
4430:Minton G.. 2017.
4320:Khalaf N.. 2014.
4226:Jackson J. 2006.
4144:978-1-55297-942-6
3950:978-0-230-61845-9
3916:978-0-04-953005-8
3851:Command Decisions
3704:978-1-4669-5896-8
3663:978-90-04-24382-8
3609:978-1-57506-120-7
3582:978-1-84603-108-3
3543:978-90-04-09796-4
3295:Asia Times Online
3221:on 8 October 2011
3159:Niusha Boghrati,
2990:iranicaonline.org
2936:Nearchus (2013).
2911:on 5 August 2013.
2793:(13): 5041–5062.
2719:Ramerini, Marco.
2650:on 8 October 2011
2529:
2494:
2482:
2451:Geography of Iraq
2426:Geography of Oman
2416:Geography of Iran
1975:finless porpoises
1939:
1938:
1848:
1847:
1412:Portuguese Castle
1258:off the coast of
1127:
1063:Arabian Peninsula
1030:Achaemenid Empire
952:The World Islands
897:
896:
671:
670:
330:rising sea levels
265:Arabian Peninsula
249:mediterranean sea
244:
225:
224:
10269:
10232:Iran–Iraq border
10149:
10148:
9850:Hess Corporation
9571:Bharat Petroleum
9502:
9501:
9487:
9486:
9174:1967 Oil Embargo
9010:Lost circulation
8848:Posted oil price
8772:
8771:
8729:Isthmus-34 Light
8658:
8651:
8644:
8635:
8634:
8480:Sumerian cuisine
8470:Warfare in Sumer
8465:Economy of Sumer
8118:
8117:
8108:
7992:Fertile Crescent
7976:Sinjar Mountains
7971:Hamrin Mountains
7966:Zagros Mountains
7944:Taurus Mountains
7909:
7908:
7889:
7882:
7875:
7866:
7865:
7850:
7849:
7839:
7838:
7771:Endorheic basins
7651:Gulf of Thailand
7503:Gulf of Khambhat
6998:
6991:
6984:
6975:
6974:
6690:Porites nodifera
6645:Greater flamingo
6630:Cheekspot blenny
6615:Avicennia marina
6413:Khor Fakkan Club
6383:Arabian Gulf Cup
6265:Persian Corridor
6205:Siege of Bahrain
6149:
6148:
6124:
6123:
6076:
6075:
5976:
5975:
5956:
5955:
5838:Al Maryah Island
5811:
5809:
5808:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5683:Ommolkorm Island
5628:Hendurabi Island
5591:
5589:
5588:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5418:Strait of Hormuz
5250:
5243:
5236:
5227:
5226:
5160:
5159:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5127:. Archived from
5120:
5114:
5113:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5088:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5009:
5000:
4999:
4989:
4949:
4938:
4937:
4917:
4908:
4907:
4889:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4748:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4685:
4674:
4656:
4650:
4633:
4627:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4583:
4577:
4566:
4560:
4551:Hoath R.. 2009.
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4532:
4521:
4512:
4506:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4457:
4448:
4442:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4385:
4377:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4342:
4336:
4318:
4312:
4298:
4292:
4274:
4268:
4254:
4248:
4241:
4235:
4224:
4218:
4200:
4194:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4153:
4147:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4093:
4086:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4038:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3767:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3566:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3307:
3299:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3220:
3213:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3179:
3173:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3133:United Nations.
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3110:. Archived from
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3068:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3031:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2810:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2723:. Archived from
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2600:"A hot survivor"
2596:
2590:
2577:
2571:
2557:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2489:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2467:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2266:Strait of Hormuz
2241:
2221:
2207:Spinner dolphins
2203:
2185:
2170:
2085:greater flamingo
2081:hawksbill turtle
1992:Strait of Hormuz
1934:
1931:
1925:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1863:Strait of Hormuz
1832:
1814:
1796:
1778:
1756:
1741:
1725:
1707:
1689:
1671:
1661:
1660:
1506:Persian Corridor
1428:
1425:
1335:Darius the Great
1299:the Lakhum tribe
1183:Arab nationalism
1164:Arab governments
1122:
1120:
1101:
1000:Historical names
989:Strait of Hormuz
960:The Pearl Island
916:Strait of Hormuz
871:
869:
868:
848:
846:
845:
825:
823:
822:
802:
800:
799:
779:
777:
776:
756:
754:
753:
733:
731:
730:
710:
708:
707:
685:
684:
680:coastline length
645:
643:
642:
622:
620:
619:
599:
597:
596:
576:
574:
573:
553:
551:
550:
530:
528:
527:
507:
505:
504:
484:
482:
481:
459:
458:
417:; Saudi Arabia;
411:Musandam exclave
371:Strait of Hormuz
326:Zagros Mountains
293:), and abundant
273:Strait of Hormuz
259:located between
121:
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
93:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
71:
51:
39:
38:
10277:
10276:
10272:
10271:
10270:
10268:
10267:
10266:
10162:
10161:
10160:
10155:
10133:
10087:
10083:John Wood Group
10073:Valaris Limited
9966:
9963:
9960:
9949:
9815:APA Corporation
9803:
9755:
9554:
9551:
9543:
9498:
9495:
9492:
9482:
9476:
9377:Classification
9361:
9284:
9278:
9214:Nationalization
9184:1979 oil crisis
9179:1973 oil crisis
9160:
9146:Water injection
9114:Steam injection
9109:Gas reinjection
9077:Artificial lift
9046:
8988:Drill stem test
8940:
8864:
8811:
8763:
8685:
8667:
8662:
8632:
8627:
8586:
8540:
8514:
8423:Culture/society
8418:
8311:
8307:Muslim conquest
8277:Fall of Babylon
8208:
8109:
8096:
7980:
7898:
7893:
7863:
7858:
7833:
7824:
7798:
7765:
7741:South China Sea
7721:Seto Inland Sea
7641:Gulf of Fonseca
7547:
7454:
7305:Gulf of Finland
7300:Gulf of Bothnia
7285:English Channel
7255:Bay of Campeche
7220:Archipelago Sea
7186:
7142:Gulf of Boothia
7098:
7039:Cooperation Sea
7015:
7002:
6972:
6967:
6919:
6905:Project Loghman
6845:Kuwaiti Persian
6840:Khaliji (music)
6714:
6700:Slender whiting
6593:
6519:Gulf Daily News
6442:
6361:
6178:
6157:Al Hamriya Port
6143:
6118:
6070:
5970:
5950:
5929:
5898:Saadiyat Island
5873:Jazirat Badiyah
5823:Al-Aryam Island
5806:
5804:
5781:
5779:
5761:
5759:
5706:
5704:
5678:Nakhiloo Island
5643:Jazireh-ye Shif
5586:
5584:
5558:Muharraq Island
5516:
5514:
5498:
5444:Al Khaleej Road
5432:
5338:Gulf of Bahrain
5281:
5268:
5254:
5169:
5164:
5163:
5148:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5131:on 14 July 2009
5121:
5117:
5106:
5102:
5063:
5059:
5049:
5047:
5036:
5032:
5022:
5020:
5011:
5010:
5003:
4950:
4941:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4890:
4883:
4873:
4871:
4860:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4830:
4826:
4816:
4814:
4803:
4799:
4789:
4787:
4776:
4772:
4762:
4760:
4749:
4734:
4724:
4722:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4698:
4696:
4695:on 24 June 2009
4687:
4686:
4677:
4667:Wayback Machine
4657:
4653:
4647:Wayback Machine
4634:
4630:
4620:Wayback Machine
4610:
4606:
4596:
4594:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4567:
4563:
4550:
4546:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4519:
4513:
4509:
4503:Wayback Machine
4493:
4489:
4471:
4467:
4460:www.int-res.com
4455:
4451:Articles/meps.
4449:
4445:
4439:Wayback Machine
4429:
4425:
4415:
4413:
4402:
4398:
4390:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4371:
4361:
4359:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4329:Wayback Machine
4319:
4315:
4309:Wayback Machine
4299:
4295:
4285:Wayback Machine
4275:
4271:
4265:Wayback Machine
4255:
4251:
4242:
4238:
4225:
4221:
4211:Wayback Machine
4201:
4197:
4191:Wayback Machine
4181:
4177:
4167:
4165:
4154:
4150:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4121:
4111:
4107:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4036:
4034:
4029:. 22 May 2015.
4021:
4020:
4016:
3991:Beaumont, Peter
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3964:Ranter, Harro.
3962:
3958:
3951:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3898:
3894:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3863:
3859:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3824:. Amiri Diwan.
3820:
3819:
3815:
3783:
3779:
3774:
3770:
3765:Wayback Machine
3759:
3755:
3726:(2): 177–203 .
3716:
3712:
3705:
3689:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3567:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3528:
3524:
3481:
3477:
3440:
3436:
3401:
3397:
3354:
3347:
3321:
3317:
3301:
3300:
3286:
3282:
3259:10.2307/2538446
3238:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3180:
3176:
3170:Wayback Machine
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3104:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3052:
3045:
3041:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3015:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2893:
2889:
2844:
2840:
2783:
2779:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2588:Wayback Machine
2578:
2574:
2568:Wayback Machine
2558:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2515:
2511:
2500:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2346:
2339:
2336:
2268:
2262:
2255:
2242:
2233:
2226:humpback whales
2222:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2171:
2162:
2132:
2106:
2064:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1919:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1885:Aquatic mammals
1859:
1853:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1757:
1748:
1742:
1733:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1624:
1587:'s invasion of
1554:
1456:emperor of the
1426:
1420:Lendas da Índia
1400:
1394:Portuguese rule
1390:
1370:Sassanid Empire
1366:Parthian Empire
1303:Lakhmid Kingdom
1196:
1194:Ancient history
1191:
1160:
1154:
1102:
1096:
1048:Iranian plateau
1002:
997:
980:
908:
902:
866:
864:
843:
841:
820:
818:
797:
795:
774:
772:
751:
749:
728:
726:
705:
703:
676:
640:
638:
617:
615:
594:
592:
571:
569:
548:
546:
525:
523:
502:
500:
479:
477:
451:
352:
342:
139: countries
120:Primary inflows
96:
94:
90:
87:
82:
79:
77:
75:
74:
54:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10275:
10265:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10174:
10157:
10156:
10154:
10153:
10142:
10139:
10138:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10095:
10093:
10089:
10088:
10086:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9969:
9967:
9958:
9955:
9954:
9951:
9950:
9948:
9947:
9942:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9922:
9920:Surgutneftegas
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9840:Eneos Holdings
9837:
9832:
9830:ConocoPhillips
9827:
9822:
9820:Cenovus Energy
9817:
9811:
9809:
9805:
9804:
9802:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9765:
9763:
9761:Energy trading
9757:
9756:
9754:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9557:
9555:
9548:
9545:
9544:
9542:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9510:
9508:
9499:
9490:
9484:
9478:
9477:
9475:
9474:
9473:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9447:
9445:Swing producer
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9416:
9415:
9410:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9389:
9388:
9383:
9375:
9369:
9367:
9363:
9362:
9360:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9317:Gulf of Mexico
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9288:
9286:
9280:
9279:
9277:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9204:2010s oil glut
9201:
9196:
9191:
9189:1980s oil glut
9186:
9181:
9176:
9170:
9168:
9162:
9161:
9159:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9117:
9116:
9111:
9101:
9096:
9095:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9074:
9073:
9072:
9067:
9056:
9054:
9048:
9047:
9045:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9028:
9027:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9006:
9005:
8998:Drilling fluid
8995:
8990:
8985:
8984:
8983:
8973:
8968:
8967:
8966:
8956:
8950:
8948:
8942:
8941:
8939:
8938:
8936:Seismic source
8933:
8932:
8931:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8910:
8909:
8904:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8878:
8876:
8870:
8869:
8866:
8865:
8863:
8862:
8861:
8860:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8819:
8817:
8813:
8812:
8810:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8778:
8776:
8769:
8765:
8764:
8762:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8746:
8741:
8736:
8734:Japan Cocktail
8731:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8695:
8693:
8687:
8686:
8684:
8683:
8681:Primary energy
8678:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8661:
8660:
8653:
8646:
8638:
8629:
8628:
8626:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8603:Assyriologists
8600:
8594:
8592:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8548:
8546:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8522:
8520:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8512:
8510:List of rulers
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8426:
8424:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8399:Proto-Armenian
8396:
8391:
8386:
8384:Middle Persian
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8325:
8323:
8317:
8316:
8313:
8312:
8310:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8272:Neo-Babylonian
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8252:Old Babylonian
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8222:Early Dynastic
8218:
8216:
8210:
8209:
8207:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8126:
8124:
8115:
8111:
8110:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8095:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7988:
7986:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7962:
7961:
7956:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7915:
7913:
7906:
7900:
7899:
7892:
7891:
7884:
7877:
7869:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7856:
7844:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7806:
7804:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7775:
7773:
7767:
7766:
7764:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7711:Sea of Okhotsk
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7691:Philippine Sea
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7656:Gulf of Tonkin
7653:
7648:
7646:Gulf of Panama
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7626:Gulf of Anadyr
7623:
7621:Gulf of Alaska
7618:
7616:East China Sea
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7557:
7555:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7464:
7462:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7445:Tyrrhenian Sea
7442:
7437:
7435:Sea of Marmara
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7325:Gulf of Mexico
7322:
7317:
7312:
7310:Gulf of Guinea
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7250:Bay of Bothnia
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7196:
7194:
7192:Atlantic Ocean
7188:
7187:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7108:
7106:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7044:Cosmonauts Sea
7041:
7036:
7031:
7025:
7023:
7017:
7016:
7001:
7000:
6993:
6986:
6978:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6835:Khalij (album)
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6793:Kuwaiti Arabic
6790:
6788:Bahrani Arabic
6785:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6759:
6758:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6722:
6720:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6660:Humpback whale
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6625:Booted warbler
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6601:
6599:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6509:Dar Al Khaleej
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6485:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6467:Gulf Traveller
6464:
6459:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6428:UAE Pro League
6425:
6423:UAE League Cup
6420:
6415:
6410:
6408:GCC Futsal Cup
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6141:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6116:
6115:
6114:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6084:Abu Flous Port
6068:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5903:Sir Abu Nu'ayr
5900:
5895:
5890:
5888:Palm Jebel Ali
5885:
5880:
5878:Marawah Island
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5843:Al Reem Island
5840:
5835:
5833:Al Lulu Island
5830:
5825:
5820:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5723:Failaka Island
5720:
5718:Bubiyan Island
5702:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5693:Shidvar Island
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5538:Bahrain Island
5535:
5530:
5512:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5403:Shadegan Ponds
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5353:Gulf of Salwah
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5333:Eurasian Plate
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5253:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5191:
5185:
5176:
5168:
5167:External links
5165:
5162:
5161:
5142:
5115:
5100:
5079:(8): 903–910.
5057:
5030:
5001:
4939:
4909:
4902:
4881:
4851:
4824:
4797:
4770:
4732:
4706:
4675:
4651:
4628:
4604:
4578:
4574:Academic Press
4561:
4555:. pp.112. The
4544:
4507:
4494:Babu R. 2017.
4487:
4481:10.1101/042614
4465:
4443:
4423:
4396:
4369:
4337:
4313:
4293:
4269:
4249:
4236:
4219:
4195:
4175:
4148:
4131:
4105:
4094:on 2 July 2015
4073:
4047:
4014:
3982:
3956:
3949:
3929:
3915:
3906:Trucial States
3892:
3874:
3857:
3839:
3813:
3794:(2): 339–342.
3777:
3768:
3753:
3710:
3703:
3683:
3669:
3662:
3642:
3615:
3608:
3588:
3581:
3556:
3542:
3522:
3495:(307): 52–63.
3475:
3462:10.1086/657397
3456:(6): 849–883.
3434:
3415:(1–2): 43–57.
3395:
3374:10.1086/657397
3368:(6): 849–883.
3345:
3315:
3280:
3241:Eilts, Hermann
3232:
3200:
3174:
3152:
3125:
3098:
3076:
3039:
3002:
2976:
2964:www.livius.org
2951:
2928:
2914:
2887:
2838:
2808:10.1.1.714.254
2777:
2738:
2711:
2686:
2661:
2629:
2591:
2572:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2509:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2391:Trucial States
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2356:Eastern Arabia
2352:
2351:
2335:
2332:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2243:
2236:
2234:
2223:
2216:
2214:
2205:
2198:
2196:
2187:
2180:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2131:
2128:
2118:global warming
2105:
2104:Fish and reefs
2102:
2089:booted warbler
2063:
2060:
1996:humpback whale
1988:Bryde's whales
1937:
1936:
1901:
1899:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1798:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1758:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1718:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1673:
1666:
1623:
1620:
1553:
1552:Modern history
1550:
1542:Trucial States
1538:British Empire
1502:Western Allies
1478:Ottoman Empire
1416:Gaspar Correia
1389:
1386:
1260:Ras Al Khaimah
1208:Before Present
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1156:Main article:
1153:
1150:
1143:with the word
1141:a Dubai museum
1094:
1016:. Detail from
1001:
998:
996:
993:
979:
976:
901:
898:
895:
894:
889:
884:
880:
879:
876:
861:
857:
856:
853:
838:
834:
833:
830:
815:
811:
810:
807:
792:
788:
787:
784:
769:
765:
764:
761:
746:
742:
741:
738:
723:
719:
718:
715:
700:
696:
695:
692:
689:
675:
672:
669:
668:
663:
658:
654:
653:
650:
635:
631:
630:
627:
612:
608:
607:
604:
589:
585:
584:
581:
566:
562:
561:
558:
543:
539:
538:
535:
520:
516:
515:
512:
497:
493:
492:
489:
474:
470:
469:
466:
463:
450:
447:
346:Eastern Arabia
341:
338:
312:, which is of
297:, however its
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
179:
178:
140:
133:
132:
123:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
72:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10274:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10169:
10167:
10152:
10144:
10143:
10140:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10096:
10094:
10090:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9956:
9946:
9945:Valero Energy
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9910:Suncor Energy
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9812:
9810:
9806:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9766:
9764:
9762:
9758:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9546:
9540:
9539:TotalEnergies
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9511:
9509:
9507:
9503:
9500:
9497:
9488:
9485:
9483:organisations
9481:Companies and
9479:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9452:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9420:Petrocurrency
9418:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9405:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9393:Oil shale gas
9391:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9378:
9376:
9374:
9373:Abbreviations
9371:
9370:
9368:
9364:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9332:Permian Basin
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9289:
9287:
9281:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9269:United States
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9229:Seven Sisters
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9171:
9169:
9167:
9163:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9106:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9079:
9078:
9075:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9062:
9061:
9058:
9057:
9055:
9053:
9049:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9026:
9023:
9022:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9004:
9001:
9000:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8982:
8979:
8978:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8965:
8962:
8961:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8947:
8943:
8937:
8934:
8930:
8927:
8926:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8899:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8882:Core sampling
8880:
8879:
8877:
8875:
8871:
8859:
8856:
8855:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8814:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8779:
8777:
8773:
8770:
8766:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8719:Indian Basket
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8696:
8694:
8692:
8688:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8673:
8670:
8666:
8659:
8654:
8652:
8647:
8645:
8640:
8639:
8636:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8589:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8549:
8547:
8543:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8521:
8517:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8427:
8425:
8421:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8326:
8324:
8322:
8318:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8215:
8211:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8123:
8119:
8116:
8112:
8107:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7983:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7939:Syrian Desert
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7901:
7897:
7890:
7885:
7883:
7878:
7876:
7871:
7870:
7867:
7855:
7854:
7845:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7801:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7772:
7768:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7661:Halmahera Sea
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7554:
7553:Pacific Ocean
7550:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7523:Laccadive Sea
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7508:Gulf of Kutch
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7498:Gulf of Aqaba
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7478:Bay of Bengal
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7457:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7405:Norwegian Sea
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7375:Levantine Sea
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7330:Gulf of Sidra
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7320:Gulf of Maine
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7295:Greenland Sea
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7275:Caribbean Sea
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7245:Bay of Biscay
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7225:Argentine Sea
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7193:
7189:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7137:Greenland Sea
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7112:Amundsen Gulf
7110:
7109:
7107:
7105:
7101:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7054:D'Urville Sea
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7026:
7024:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
6999:
6994:
6992:
6987:
6985:
6980:
6979:
6976:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6741:Bandari music
6739:
6737:
6736:Bandar (port)
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6717:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6675:Omura's whale
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6620:Blacktip tope
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6596:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6554:Khaleej Times
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6462:Gulf Aviation
6460:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6447:Organizations
6445:
6439:
6438:UAE Super Cup
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6373:Al-Khaleej FC
6371:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6290:Iran–Iraq War
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6029:Chabahar Port
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6009:Bandar Lengeh
6007:
6005:
6004:Bandar Khamir
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5994:Bandar Deylam
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5893:Palm Jumeirah
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5883:Marsa Al Arab
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5868:Dubai Islands
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5803:
5799:
5798:Tarout Island
5796:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5758:
5754:
5753:Warbah Island
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5733:Miskan Island
5731:
5729:
5728:Kubbar Island
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5703:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5638:Hormuz Island
5636:
5634:
5633:Hengam Island
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5598:Abadan Island
5596:
5595:
5594:
5583:
5579:
5578:Umm as Sabaan
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5548:Hawar Islands
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5533:Amwaj Islands
5531:
5529:
5528:Al Dar Island
5526:
5525:
5524:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5408:Shatt al-Arab
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5383:Makran Trench
5381:
5379:
5378:Iranian Plate
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5363:Khersan River
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5303:Arabian Plate
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5251:
5246:
5244:
5239:
5237:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5157:
5153:
5146:
5130:
5126:
5119:
5111:
5104:
5096:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5061:
5045:
5041:
5034:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5006:
4997:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4922:AAPG Bulletin
4916:
4914:
4905:
4903:3-927991-01-5
4899:
4895:
4888:
4886:
4869:
4865:
4858:
4856:
4839:
4835:
4828:
4812:
4808:
4801:
4785:
4781:
4774:
4758:
4754:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4672:
4671:Khaleej Times
4668:
4664:
4661:
4655:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4625:
4624:Emirates 24/7
4621:
4617:
4614:
4608:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4529:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4491:
4482:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4427:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4389:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4341:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4317:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4297:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4273:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4253:
4246:
4240:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4202:Jongbloed M.
4199:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4179:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4090:
4083:
4077:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4044:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4010:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3952:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3933:
3918:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3901:Donald Hawley
3896:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3870:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3843:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3781:
3772:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3706:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3673:
3665:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3646:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3611:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3545:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3350:
3342:
3339:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3311:
3305:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3284:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3253:(2): 79–113.
3252:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3217:
3210:
3204:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3087:
3080:
3072:
3066:
3050:
3043:
3035:
3029:
3013:
3006:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2965:
2961:
2960:"DZ – Livius"
2955:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2852:Water History
2849:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2646:
2639:
2633:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:The Economist
2601:
2595:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2533:
2527:
2521:الخليج العربي
2518:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2495:'Gulf of
2492:
2486:
2480:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2348:Oceans portal
2343:
2338:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:Shatt al-Arab
2317:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2193:Hengam Island
2190:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2114:Shatt al-Arab
2111:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:seine fishing
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
2000:omura's whale
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1959:Gulf of Aqaba
1956:
1952:
1951:Gulf of Kutch
1948:
1944:
1933:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:This article
1900:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1573:Iran–Iraq War
1566:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:Nazi invasion
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1488:, the ruling
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:Bandar 'Abbās
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:Vasco da Gama
1435:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:Shatt-al-Arab
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1012:leads to the
1011:
1006:
992:
990:
986:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
907:
893:
888:
885:
882:
881:
875:
874:
862:
858:
852:
851:
839:
835:
829:
828:
816:
812:
806:
805:
793:
789:
783:
782:
770:
766:
760:
759:
747:
743:
737:
736:
724:
720:
714:
713:
701:
697:
686:
683:
681:
678:Countries by
667:
662:
659:
656:
655:
649:
648:
636:
632:
626:
625:
613:
609:
603:
602:
590:
586:
580:
579:
567:
563:
557:
556:
544:
540:
534:
533:
521:
517:
511:
510:
498:
494:
488:
487:
475:
471:
460:
457:
455:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:Shatt al-Arab
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
351:
347:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:Arabian Plate
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
295:pearl oysters
292:
288:
283:
281:
278:
277:Shatt al-Arab
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
242:
234:
229:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
202:Average depth
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
131:
130:Shatt-al-Arab
127:
124:
122:
116:
112:
110:
106:
101:
73:
67:
64:
61:
57:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
26:
22:
10217:Seas of Iran
10212:Seas of Asia
10172:Persian Gulf
10048:Schlumberger
9978:Baker Hughes
9870:Marathon Oil
9860:Imperial Oil
9855:Husky Energy
9845:Galp Energia
9835:Devon Energy
9721:Saudi Aramco
9701:Petrovietnam
9646:NNPC Limited
9550:National oil
9430:Petrofiction
9398:Orphan wells
9366:Other topics
9337:Persian Gulf
9336:
9264:Saudi Arabia
9234:Standard Oil
9042:Well logging
8919:Petrophysics
8505:Royal titles
8430:Architecture
8267:Neo-Assyrian
8114:(Pre)history
7934:Persian Gulf
7933:
7851:
7832:
7706:Sea of Japan
7581:Bismarck Sea
7533:Persian Gulf
7532:
7518:Gulf of Suez
7513:Gulf of Oman
7493:Gulf of Aden
7460:Indian Ocean
7440:Thracian Sea
7425:Sea of Crete
7415:Sea of Åland
7410:Sargasso Sea
7385:Ligurian Sea
7370:Labrador Sea
7360:Irminger Sea
7315:Gulf of Lion
7270:Bothnian Sea
7260:Bay of Fundy
7235:Balearic Sea
7200:Adriatic Sea
7122:Beaufort Sea
7104:Arctic Ocean
7029:Amundsen Sea
6958:Saudi Arabia
6403:GCC Club Cup
6019:Bandar Siraf
5989:Bandar Abbas
5923:Zirku Island
5908:Sir Bani Yas
5853:Burj Al Arab
5818:Abu al Abyad
5793:Arabi Island
5788:Saudi Arabia
5738:Qaruh Island
5698:Sirri Island
5688:Qeshm Island
5673:Naaz islands
5663:Lavan Island
5658:Larak Island
5648:Kharg Island
5618:Farsi Island
5608:Buneh Island
5573:Umm an Nasan
5553:Jidda Island
5373:Indian Ocean
5343:Gulf of Oman
5328:Diyala River
5257:Persian Gulf
5256:
5203:Persian Gulf
5182:
5179:Persian Gulf
5156:the original
5145:
5133:. Retrieved
5129:the original
5118:
5109:
5103:
5076:
5070:
5060:
5048:. Retrieved
5033:
5021:. Retrieved
4961:
4957:
4925:
4921:
4893:
4872:. Retrieved
4842:. Retrieved
4827:
4815:. Retrieved
4800:
4788:. Retrieved
4773:
4761:. Retrieved
4757:the original
4723:. Retrieved
4709:
4697:. Retrieved
4693:the original
4689:"Case Study"
4654:
4631:
4611:WAM. 2017.
4607:
4595:. Retrieved
4581:
4564:
4547:
4535:. Retrieved
4523:
4510:
4490:
4468:
4459:
4446:
4426:
4414:. Retrieved
4399:
4360:. Retrieved
4349:
4340:
4316:
4296:
4272:
4256:Lambros M..
4252:
4239:
4222:
4215:Al Shindagha
4198:
4178:
4166:. Retrieved
4151:
4134:
4122:. Retrieved
4118:
4108:
4096:. Retrieved
4089:the original
4076:
4064:. Retrieved
4050:
4042:
4035:. Retrieved
4026:
4017:
4000:The Guardian
3998:
3985:
3973:. Retrieved
3969:
3959:
3943:. Springer.
3939:
3932:
3920:. Retrieved
3905:
3895:
3887:The Guardian
3886:
3877:
3867:
3860:
3850:
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3816:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3771:
3756:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3697:. Trafford.
3693:
3686:
3672:
3652:
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3618:
3598:
3591:
3571:
3547:. Retrieved
3532:
3525:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3453:
3447:
3437:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3365:
3361:
3337:
3335:
3327:
3318:
3293:
3283:
3250:
3244:
3235:
3223:. Retrieved
3216:the original
3203:
3191:. Retrieved
3187:
3177:
3161:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3128:
3116:. Retrieved
3112:the original
3101:
3089:. Retrieved
3079:
3053:. Retrieved
3042:
3016:. Retrieved
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2989:
2979:
2967:. Retrieved
2963:
2954:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2917:
2909:the original
2904:
2900:
2890:
2858:(1): 57–73.
2855:
2851:
2841:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2755:
2751:
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2725:the original
2714:
2702:. Retrieved
2698:
2689:
2677:. Retrieved
2673:
2664:
2652:. Retrieved
2645:the original
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2603:
2594:
2575:
2512:
2485:xalij-e fârs
2465:
2313:
2302:oil reserves
2299:
2284:
2253:Minoo Island
2150:
2144:
2133:
2107:
2078:
2068:
2065:
2043:Dugong dugon
2042:
2036:
2024:Gulf of Oman
2020:sperm whales
1967:Gulf of Oman
1963:Gulf of Aden
1955:Gulf of Suez
1940:
1927:
1914:unverifiable
1906:weasel words
1903:
1879:
1860:
1786:Saudi Arabia
1745:Bandar Abbas
1652:Saudi Arabia
1625:
1616:East of Suez
1610:
1570:
1534:Pirate Coast
1498:World War II
1486:Midhat Pasha
1432:
1419:
1401:
1388:Colonial era
1363:
1359:
1316:
1284:
1265:
1197:
1176:
1168:Gulf of Iran
1167:
1161:
1144:
1110:
1104:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1055:
1041:
1040:, or modern
1037:
1023:
1010:Gulf of Oman
985:Qeshm Island
981:
978:Oceanography
920:Greater Tunb
912:Qeshm island
909:
891:
887:Persian Gulf
886:
863:
840:
817:
794:
771:
748:
735:Saudi Arabia
725:
702:
677:
665:
661:Persian Gulf
660:
637:
614:
591:
568:
545:
532:Saudi Arabia
522:
499:
476:
452:
404:
399:Saudi Arabia
394:
367:Gulf of Oman
364:
353:
307:
284:
269:Gulf of Oman
257:Indian Ocean
245:Arabian Gulf
241:Persian Gulf
240:
238:
218:Water volume
194:Surface area
155:Saudi Arabia
126:Gulf of Oman
42:Persian Gulf
36:
32:Gulf Country
10018:Halliburton
9890:Phillips 66
9711:QatarEnergy
9681:Petrobangla
9616:KazMunayGas
9506:Supermajors
9455:heavy crude
9342:Prudhoe Bay
9322:Niger Delta
9302:Caspian Sea
9065:Concessions
9015:Measurement
8981:Geosteering
8964:Squeeze job
8874:Exploration
8823:Consumption
8782:Consumption
8775:Natural gas
8704:Bonny Light
8608:Hittitology
8598:Assyriology
8519:Archaeology
8389:Old Persian
8199:Jemdet Nasr
7784:Caspian Sea
7756:Visayan Sea
7736:Solomon Sea
7731:Sibuyan Sea
7726:Shantar Sea
7681:Molucca Sea
7676:Mar de Grau
7606:Chilean Sea
7601:Celebes Sea
7596:Camotes Sea
7561:Arafura Sea
7473:Arabian Sea
7468:Andaman Sea
7420:Sea of Azov
7395:Myrtoan Sea
7210:Alboran Sea
7162:Pechora Sea
7157:Lincoln Sea
7127:Chukchi Sea
7117:Barents Sea
7094:Weddell Sea
7064:Lazarev Sea
6778:Gulf Arabic
6731:Arabization
6670:Minke whale
6162:Khor Fakkan
5984:Arvandkenar
5964:Mina Salman
5668:Minu Island
5653:Kish Island
5613:Dara Island
5563:Nabih Saleh
5308:Arabian Sea
5050:23 November
5023:19 November
4874:24 November
4844:25 December
4817:25 December
4790:23 November
4725:19 November
4597:26 February
4537:26 February
4524:www.vliz.be
4416:26 February
4362:3 September
4168:24 November
3922:19 November
3635:24 November
3549:26 November
3225:28 December
3055:30 November
3018:30 November
2731:27 November
2704:25 February
2679:25 February
2654:28 December
2306:natural gas
2260:Oil and gas
2110:coral reefs
2004:minke whale
1916:information
1867:extirpation
1693:Kuwait City
1675:Kish island
1601:F-14 Tomcat
1597:Airbus A300
1577:oil tankers
1494:World War I
1427: 1556
1272:Mesopotamia
1200:Paleolithic
1179:pan-Arabism
1014:Arabian Sea
924:Lesser Tunb
395:Swift River
375:river delta
280:river delta
186:Max. length
95: /
70:Coordinates
10166:Categories
10068:Transocean
9935:Tullow Oil
9925:TechnipFMC
9691:PetroChina
9529:ExxonMobil
9435:Shale band
9312:East Texas
9285:and fields
9099:Downstream
9052:Production
8959:Completion
8887:Geophysics
8828:Production
8787:Production
8724:Indonesian
8699:Argus Sour
8691:Benchmarks
8572:Divination
8282:Achaemenid
8247:Isin-Larsa
8140:Trialetian
8135:Mousterian
8122:Prehistory
7820:Superocean
7794:Salton Sea
7761:Yellow Sea
7751:Tasman Sea
7696:Salish Sea
7576:Bering Sea
7483:Flores Sea
7450:Wadden Sea
7380:Libyan Sea
7350:Ionian Sea
7345:Hudson Bay
7290:Foxe Basin
7280:Celtic Sea
7240:Baltic Sea
7230:Baffin Bay
7205:Aegean Sea
7177:Wandel Sea
7152:Laptev Sea
7084:Scotia Sea
7069:Mawson Sea
6805:Gulf rupee
6800:Gulf Medal
6685:Pita skate
6549:Gulftainer
6534:Gulf Today
6295:Tanker war
6172:Port Saeed
6112:Hamad Port
5918:Yas Island
5863:Das Island
5828:Al Futaisi
5313:Bahmanshir
4572:. pp.611.
3975:11 January
3193:9 February
3118:4 December
3091:4 December
2542:References
2501:pronounced
2264:See also:
2152:Rhizophora
2069:kalbaensis
2012:blue whale
1965:, and the
1941:Along the
1855:See also:
1654:, and the
1450:Shāh Abbās
1434:Portuguese
1392:See also:
1353:, and the
1343:Royal Navy
1341:, and the
1323:Achaemenid
1216:floodplain
1130:Bundahishn
1097:Darius I,
968:Portuguese
950:, such as
904:See also:
674:Coastlines
468:Area (km)
344:See also:
324:under the
318:subduction
303:oil spills
210:Max. depth
10063:TC Energy
9964:companies
9794:Trafigura
9741:Sonatrach
9686:Petrobras
9676:Pertamina
9586:Ecopetrol
9552:companies
9496:companies
9494:petroleum
9470:tight oil
9465:oil shale
9460:oil sands
9440:Shale gas
9381:sweet oil
9352:Venezuela
9327:North Sea
9283:Provinces
9274:Venezuela
9121:Midstream
8816:Petroleum
8676:Petroleum
8445:Cuneiform
8321:Languages
8130:Acheulean
8017:Babylonia
7954:Euphrates
7904:Geography
7716:Seram Sea
7686:Moro Gulf
7611:Coral Sea
7591:Bohol Sea
7586:Bohai Sea
7571:Banda Sea
7543:Timor Sea
7400:North Sea
7365:James Bay
7355:Irish Sea
7265:Black Sea
7182:White Sea
7089:Somov Sea
7049:Davis Sea
6865:Ney-anbān
6756:Gargee'an
6610:Arecaceae
6529:Gulf News
6477:Qeshm Air
6453:Airlines
5323:Dez River
5286:Geography
5205:from 1920
5040:"Mangals"
4636:Gulf News
4230:. pp.59.
3748:162702326
3656:. BRILL.
3536:. BRILL.
3517:162674282
3509:0003-598X
3489:Antiquity
3470:144935980
3390:144935980
3382:0011-3204
3304:cite news
3275:154527123
2882:216032694
2825:0894-8755
2803:CiteSeerX
2758:: 55–70.
2612:0013-0613
2526:romanized
2479:romanized
2474:خلیج فارس
2324:Euphrates
2146:Avicennia
2140:mangroves
2136:symbiosis
2098:Hormozgan
2028:Abu Dhabi
1930:July 2015
1904:contains
1711:Abu Dhabi
1609:HMS
1522:Al Qasimi
1374:Silk Road
1308:Shapur II
1225:Neolithic
1107:Sassanian
1054:known as
1026:Assyrians
423:peninsula
383:Euphrates
340:Geography
253:West Asia
92:26°N 52°E
63:West Asia
10151:Category
10058:Subsea 7
10038:Petrofac
10033:NOV Inc.
10013:GE Power
10008:Enbridge
9962:services
9784:Mercuria
9774:Glencore
9736:Sonangol
9696:Petronas
9631:Naftogaz
9403:Peak oil
9386:sour oil
9141:Upstream
9136:Refining
9131:Pipeline
9087:Pumpjack
9082:Gas lift
9003:invasion
8946:Drilling
8833:Reserves
8792:Reserves
8591:Academia
8545:Religion
8414:Urartian
8409:Sumerian
8394:Parthian
8329:Akkadian
8302:Sasanian
8292:Parthian
8287:Seleucid
8237:Simurrum
8227:Akkadian
8160:Khiamian
8150:Natufian
8062:Simurrum
8047:Kassites
8042:Hittites
7997:Adiabene
7853:Category
7789:Dead Sea
7779:Aral Sea
7746:Sulu Sea
7701:Savu Sea
7671:Koro Sea
7666:Java Sea
7566:Bali Sea
7147:Kara Sea
7079:Ross Sea
6598:Wildlife
6472:Kish Air
6457:Gulf Air
6312:Gulf War
6034:Dargahan
5958:Bahraini
5603:Abu Musa
5259:region (
5095:12198193
5044:Archived
5038:SunySB.
5017:Archived
4996:24603901
4964:: 4250.
4958:Sci. Rep
4868:Archived
4838:Archived
4811:Archived
4784:Archived
4719:Archived
4663:Archived
4643:Archived
4638:. 2017.
4616:Archived
4591:Archived
4528:Archived
4499:Archived
4435:Archived
4410:Archived
4388:Archived
4356:Archived
4325:Archived
4305:Archived
4281:Archived
4261:Archived
4207:Archived
4187:Archived
4162:Archived
4124:10 April
4060:Archived
4031:Archived
4009:Archived
3903:(1970).
3826:Archived
3761:Archived
3629:Archived
3166:Archived
3139:Archived
3065:cite web
3028:cite web
2969:28 March
2833:14873658
2622:14 April
2616:Archived
2584:Archived
2564:Archived
2334:See also
2326:and the
2291:oilfield
2138:are the
2047:dolphins
1971:dolphins
1851:Wildlife
1764:Musandam
1581:Gulf War
1490:Al Thani
1442:Ottomans
1331:Parthian
1327:Seleucid
1262:in 1809.
1221:Holocene
1095:—
1052:Nearchus
970:and the
691:Country
465:Country
385:and the
314:Cenozoic
263:and the
59:Location
9726:Sinopec
9716:Rosneft
9596:Gazprom
9591:Equinor
9519:Chevron
9166:History
9032:Tracers
8954:Blowout
8843:Exports
8838:Imports
8802:Exports
8797:Imports
8577:Prayers
8562:Deities
8526:Looting
8369:Kassite
8364:Hurrian
8359:Hittite
8349:Elamite
8344:Eblaite
8339:Aramaic
8334:Amorite
8257:Kassite
8232:Gutians
8214:History
8179:Samarra
8175:Hassuna
8145:Zarzian
8067:Subartu
8057:Mitanni
8022:Chaldea
8012:Assyria
7985:Ancient
7538:Red Sea
6928:Bahrain
6719:Related
6151:Emirati
6137:Tanajib
6024:Bushehr
5978:Iranian
5523:Bahrain
5503:Islands
5459:Harireh
5135:4 March
4987:3945051
4966:Bibcode
4763:30 June
4699:10 July
4587:"Yemen"
4476:bioRxiv
4289:YouTube
4066:21 June
4027:Reuters
3832:7 March
3625:"Siraf"
3417:Bibcode
3267:2538446
3145:29 June
2995:8 March
2860:Bibcode
2795:Bibcode
2760:Bibcode
2528::
2499:',
2493:
2481::
2470:Persian
2210:leaping
2160:Gallery
1947:Red Sea
1875:Red Sea
1871:dugongs
1822:Bahrain
1628:Bahrain
1565:US Navy
1454:Persian
1382:Bushehr
1189:History
1147:removed
1145:Persian
1126:
1119:Pūitika
1115:Avestan
1086:Mudrâyâ
972:British
932:Bubiyan
900:Islands
827:Bahrain
694:Length
688:Number
666:240,756
601:Bahrain
583:11,786
560:31,819
537:33,792
514:52,455
491:97,860
462:Number
427:Bahrain
421:, on a
377:of the
332:of the
320:of the
299:ecology
247:, is a
235:, 2020.
163:Bahrain
10092:Others
10043:Saipem
9940:Tüpraş
9930:TNK-BP
9915:Sunoco
9905:Repsol
9865:Lukoil
9808:Others
9779:Gunvor
9413:timing
9347:Russia
9259:Norway
9244:France
9239:Canada
8404:Sutean
8379:Median
8374:Luwian
8354:Gutian
8242:Ur III
8155:Nemrik
8092:Cities
8087:Urartu
8037:Hamazi
8032:Gutium
8007:Armani
7959:Tigris
7912:Modern
7803:Others
7009:oceans
6943:Kuwait
6815:Habbān
6640:Dugong
6366:Sports
6153:ports
6128:ports
6108:ports
6094:Al-Faw
6080:ports
5980:ports
5960:ports
5941:Khasab
5810:
5785:
5765:
5713:Kuwait
5710:
5590:
5520:
5437:Places
5398:Persis
5368:Haffar
5215:Videos
5198:Flickr
5093:
4994:
4984:
4900:
4478:
4404:茂木陽一.
4142:
4098:22 May
4037:22 May
4005:London
3947:
3913:
3808:195948
3806:
3746:
3740:163353
3738:
3701:
3660:
3606:
3579:
3540:
3515:
3507:
3468:
3388:
3380:
3273:
3265:
2880:
2831:
2823:
2805:
2610:
2517:Arabic
2497:Persia
2328:Tigris
2249:sunset
2232:, Oman
2230:Dhofar
2174:Dugong
2087:, and
2051:whales
2039:dugong
2018:, and
2006:, and
1979:whales
1961:, the
1957:, the
1953:, the
1949:, the
1910:biased
1836:Al-Faw
1818:Manama
1782:Khobar
1760:Khasab
1747:, Iran
1697:Kuwait
1640:Kuwait
1611:Jufair
1589:Kuwait
1516:. The
1500:, the
1470:Hormuz
1452:, the
1368:, the
1351:Tigris
1319:Median
1295:Gerrha
1291:Dilmun
1082:Pirâva
1056:Indikê
1034:Persis
936:Tarout
883:Total
870:
847:
824:
804:Kuwait
801:
778:
755:
740:1,300
732:
717:1,536
709:
657:Total
644:
629:3,678
621:
606:8,826
598:
578:Kuwait
575:
552:
529:
506:
483:
433:; and
431:Kuwait
413:; the
387:Tigris
360:Arabia
275:. The
151:Kuwait
97:26; 52
9959:Major
9825:Cepsa
9799:Vitol
9769:Enron
9731:SOCAR
9671:Pemex
9666:PDVSA
9661:Orlen
9626:Lotos
9566:ANCAP
9534:Shell
9491:Major
9249:India
8853:Price
8807:Price
8749:Urals
8744:Tapis
8714:Dubai
8709:Brent
8490:Music
8440:Akitu
8297:Roman
8189:Ubaid
8184:Halaf
8082:Tukri
8077:Sumer
8072:Suhum
8052:Media
8002:Akkad
7810:Ocean
7005:Earth
6953:Qatar
6126:Saudi
6106:Qatar
6078:Iraqi
6059:Qeshm
5946:Liyan
5934:Ports
5858:Dalma
5568:Sitra
5358:Karun
5196:, at
4531:(PDF)
4520:(PDF)
4517:"pdf"
4456:(PDF)
4453:"pdf"
4391:(PDF)
4384:(PDF)
4333:issuu
4092:(PDF)
4085:(PDF)
3804:JSTOR
3744:S2CID
3736:JSTOR
3513:S2CID
3466:S2CID
3386:S2CID
3341:Gulf.
3271:S2CID
3263:JSTOR
3219:(PDF)
3212:(PDF)
2878:S2CID
2829:S2CID
2670:"EEZ"
2648:(PDF)
2641:(PDF)
2457:Notes
2130:Flora
2062:Birds
1983:orcas
1804:Qatar
1732:, UAE
1730:Dubai
1648:Qatar
1605:Dubai
1378:Siraf
1280:Ubaid
1268:Sumer
1111:Pūdīg
1090:Pârsa
956:Dubai
940:Dalma
892:5,117
781:Qatar
555:Qatar
419:Qatar
389:. In
291:coral
287:reefs
159:Qatar
137:Basin
10053:Snam
9993:CH2M
9746:TPAO
9254:Iraq
9224:OPEC
9219:GECF
8768:Data
8536:Tell
8194:Uruk
8027:Elam
7013:seas
7011:and
6948:Oman
6938:Iraq
6933:Iran
6680:Orca
6064:Suza
6049:Laft
6044:Kish
6039:Jask
5768:Oman
5593:Iran
5263:and
5261:Iran
5137:2011
5091:PMID
5052:2010
5025:2010
4992:PMID
4898:ISBN
4876:2010
4846:2010
4819:2010
4792:2010
4765:2008
4727:2010
4701:2009
4599:2016
4539:2016
4418:2016
4364:2017
4170:2010
4140:ISBN
4126:2019
4100:2015
4068:2018
4039:2015
3977:2020
3945:ISBN
3924:2010
3911:ISBN
3834:2018
3699:ISBN
3658:ISBN
3637:2010
3604:ISBN
3577:ISBN
3551:2010
3538:ISBN
3505:ISSN
3378:ISSN
3310:link
3227:2020
3195:2022
3147:2017
3120:2010
3093:2010
3071:link
3057:2010
3034:link
3020:2010
2997:2023
2971:2019
2948:(1).
2821:ISSN
2733:2010
2706:2021
2681:2021
2656:2020
2624:2016
2608:ISSN
2491:lit.
2310:Iraq
2277:and
2247:and
2245:Palm
2049:and
2008:orca
1981:and
1973:and
1840:Iraq
1800:Doha
1768:Oman
1679:Iran
1644:Oman
1636:Iraq
1632:Iran
1585:Iraq
1466:Iran
1410:The
1396:and
1355:Nile
1329:and
1181:and
1124:lit.
1067:Pars
1043:Fars
1038:Pars
995:Name
964:Doha
958:and
946:for
928:Kish
926:and
873:Iraq
855:100
850:Oman
832:161
809:499
786:563
763:900
712:Iran
652:540
647:Iraq
624:Oman
486:Iran
435:Iraq
407:Oman
391:Iran
354:The
348:and
261:Iran
239:The
171:Oman
169:and
147:Iraq
143:Iran
113:Gulf
109:Type
83:52°E
80:26°N
23:and
9988:CGG
9885:OMV
9751:YPF
9524:Eni
8435:Art
7815:Sea
7007:'s
5081:doi
4982:PMC
4974:doi
4930:doi
4351:PBS
3796:doi
3728:doi
3497:doi
3458:doi
3425:doi
3413:142
3370:doi
3255:doi
2868:doi
2813:doi
2768:doi
2279:gas
2275:Oil
2251:in
2149:or
2016:sei
1912:or
1715:UAE
1464:in
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1418:. "
1105:In
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