121:, by a readaptation in outer life"—including the recreation of a new and more viable persona. To "develop a stronger persona... might feel inauthentic, like learning to 'play a role'... but if one cannot perform a social role then one will suffer." One goal for individuation is for people to "develop a more realistic, flexible persona that helps them navigate in society but does not collide with nor hide their true self." Eventually, "in the best case, the persona is appropriate and tasteful, a true reflection of our inner individuality and our outward sense of self."
1494:
1484:
1474:
1464:
74:." Nevertheless, the persona's disintegration may lead to a state of chaos in the individual: "one result of the dissolution of the persona is the release of fantasy... disorientation." As the individuation process gets under way, "the situation has thrown off the conventional husk and developed into a stark encounter with reality, with no false veils or adornments of any kind."
70:"The breakdown of the persona constitutes the typically Jungian moment both in therapy and in development"—the "moment" when "that excessive commitment to collective ideals masking deeper individuality—the persona—breaks down... disintegrates." Given Jung's view that "the persona is a semblance... the dissolution of the persona is therefore absolutely necessary for
82:
One possible reaction to the resulting experience of archetypal chaos was what Jung called "the regressive restoration of the persona," whereby the protagonist "laboriously tries to patch up his social reputation within the confines of a much more limited personality... pretending that he is as he
57:
with his voice." The result could be "the shallow, brittle, conformist kind of personality which is 'all persona', with its excessive concern for 'what people think'"—an unreflecting state of mind "in which people are utterly unconscious of any distinction between themselves and the world in which
177:
when I felt my emotional behavior was disturbed, and I would speak with the anima about the images she communicated to me"—he stressed that "It would indeed be the height of absurdity if a man tried to have a conversation with his persona, which he recognized merely as a psychological means of
104:
The alternative is to endure living with the absence of the persona—and for Jung "the man with no persona... is blind to the reality of the world, which for him has merely the value of an amusing or fantastic playground." Inevitably, the result of "the streaming in of the unconscious into the
52:
relates to the outside world through a flexible persona; identifications with a specific persona (doctor, scholar, artist, etc.) inhibits psychological development." For Jung, "the danger is that become identical with their personas—the professor with his textbook, the
105:
conscious realm, simultaneously with the dissolution of the 'persona' and the reduction of the directive force of consciousness, is a state of disturbed psychic equilibrium." Those trapped at such a stage remain "blind to the world, hopeless dreamers... spectral
129:
The persona has become one of the most widely adopted aspects of
Jungian terminology, passing into almost common vocabulary: "a mask or shield which the person places between himself and the people around him, called by some psychiatrists the
138:, "the persona is formed during the years from six to twelve, when most children first go out on their own... to avoid unwanted entanglements or promote wanted ones." He was interested in "the relationship between ego states and the Jungian
91:
phase, which is an effort to maintain superficiality;" or even a longer phase designed not to promote individuation but to bring about what Jung caricatured as "the negative restoration of the persona"—that is to say, a reversion to the
62:—the emergence of the repressed individuality from beneath the persona later in life: "the individual will either be completely smothered under an empty persona or an enantiodromia into the buried opposites will occur."
58:
they live. They have little or no concept of themselves as beings distinct from what society expects of them." The stage was set thereby for what Jung termed
1324:
875:
173:. Thus, whereas Jung recommended conversing with archetypes as a therapeutic technique he himself had employed—"For decades I always turned to the
158:, he distinguished "the Archetypes (corresponding to the magic figures in a script) and the Persona (which is the style the script is played in)."
1329:
44:
According to Jung, the development of a viable social persona is a vital part of adapting to, and preparing for, adult life in the external
31:, designed on the one hand to make a definite impression upon others, and on the other to conceal the true nature of the individual."
1487:
169:
archetype," though Jung always distinguished the persona as an external function from those images of the unconscious he called
1334:
1021:
155:
1013:
618:
651:
1263:
956:
1467:
1367:
1448:
759:
1477:
1314:
1523:
848:
1420:
910:
832:
790:
1228:
1202:
666:
1518:
646:
117:
Restoration, the aim of individuation, "is not only achieved by work on the inside figures but also, as
744:
192:
934:
1344:
218:
1293:
891:
611:
1136:
1053:
867:
816:
801:
691:
302:
1197:
641:
197:
49:
1309:
1248:
711:
696:
1483:
8:
1425:
1339:
1243:
1005:
926:
918:
840:
749:
683:
202:
1497:
1361:
1061:
944:
780:
721:
604:
170:
1385:
1403:
1397:
1380:
1192:
734:
729:
656:
210:
174:
1430:
1391:
1375:
1288:
1253:
1238:
1218:
701:
1151:
1268:
1187:
1146:
1141:
764:
1512:
1223:
1182:
1177:
883:
795:
785:
661:
71:
59:
1435:
151:
45:
1258:
706:
1233:
1161:
1127:
135:
27:, is the social face the individual presented to the world—"a kind of
1156:
754:
627:
106:
24:
146:
attitude, persona is differentiated also from the more autonomous
87:
the crucial experience." Similarly in treatment there can be "the
1441:
187:
28:
1319:
54:
596:
109:
dreaded for their tactlessness, eternally misunderstood."
1035:
876:
498:A Guided Tour of the collected Works of C. G. Jung
161:Post-Jungians would loosely call the persona "the
1510:
16:Social face an individual presents to the world
370:C. G. Jung, "Psychology of the Transference",
612:
154:." Perhaps more contentiously, in terms of
619:
605:
1029:Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious
537:Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy
77:
1511:
1473:
1325:Int'l Assoc. for Analytical Psychology
1022:Structure & Dynamics of the Psyche
1335:Jungian Society for Scholarly Studies
600:
398:Introduction to Jungian Psychotherapy
124:
1463:
1014:Two Essays on Analytical Psychology
550:What Do You Say After You Say Hello
374:, volume 16. London 1954, page 238.
348:(London 1953), p. 156 and page 284.
346:Two Essays on Analytical Psychology
238:Two Essays on Analytical Psychology
13:
1075:Spirit in Man, Art, and Literature
14:
1535:
65:
39:
34:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1330:Int'l Assoc. for Jungian Studies
1449:The Secret of the Golden Flower
983:Psychogenesis of Mental Disease
760:Wise Old Man and Wise Old Woman
581:
568:
555:
542:
529:
516:
503:
490:
477:
464:
455:
442:
429:
416:
403:
390:
377:
364:
351:
307:The Cambridge Companion to Jung
1315:C. G. Jung Institute in ZĂĽrich
849:Modern Man in Search of a Soul
338:
325:
312:
295:
282:
269:
256:
243:
230:
112:
1:
1421:Archetypal literary criticism
999:Psychology of the Unconscious
911:Memories, Dreams, Reflections
833:Psychology of the Unconscious
791:Extraversion and introversion
626:
277:Memories, Dreams, Reflections
224:
142:" and considered that "as an
7:
181:
10:
1540:
1087:Development of Personality
1041:Civilization in Transition
989:Freud & Psychoanalysis
652:Interpretation of religion
500:(Boston 1989), pages 87–8.
320:Striving towards Wholeness
309:(Cambridge 1977), page 267
193:Bad faith (existentialism)
99:
1458:
1413:
1353:
1302:
1281:
1211:
1170:
1125:
1118:
1081:Practice of Psychotherapy
995:Symbols of Transformation
955:
935:Seven Sermons to the Dead
927:The Red Book: Liber Novus
902:
859:
824:
815:
773:
720:
682:
675:
634:
485:Everything Enneagram Book
387:; pages 161–2 and p. 164.
23:, for Swiss psychiatrist
1101:(Revised Edition) (1990)
335:(London 1979), p. 100–2.
219:True self and false self
1294:C. G. Jung House Museum
1069:Mysterium Coniunctionis
1047:Psychology and Religion
977:Experimental Researches
892:Mysterium Coniunctionis
539:(Guernsey 1966), p. 79.
513:(Penguin 1973); page 98
474:(London 1988), page 57.
1345:Psychology Club ZĂĽrich
1137:Marie-Louise von Franz
1054:Psychology and Alchemy
868:Psychology and Alchemy
802:Participation mystique
692:Collective unconscious
565:(Oxford 1994); page 47
264:The Analytic Encounter
1524:Analytical psychology
997:(1967, a revision of
642:Analytical psychology
552:(Corgi 1975), page 56
198:Masking (personality)
119:conditio sine qua non
1310:Bollingen Foundation
1249:Laurens van der Post
1099:General Bibliography
712:Personal unconscious
400:(London 2006) p. 153
322:(Boston 1988) p. 263
279:(London 1983) p. 416
266:(Canada 1984) p. 118
240:(London 1953) p. 190
78:Negative restoration
1426:Archetypal pedagogy
1340:Philemon Foundation
1244:Joseph L. Henderson
1006:Psychological Types
971:Psychiatric Studies
958:The Collected Works
919:Man and His Symbols
841:Psychological Types
647:Cognitive functions
511:Sex in Human Loving
496:Roberte H. Hopcke,
305:and T. Dawson ed.,
303:P. Young-Eisendrath
301:Terence Dawson, in
292:(London 1990) p. 43
1519:Jungian archetypes
1362:A Dangerous Method
1062:Alchemical Studies
781:Active imagination
722:Jungian archetypes
667:Theory of neurosis
125:Later developments
1506:
1505:
1277:
1276:
1114:
1113:
1093:The Symbolic Life
811:
810:
561:Anthony Stevens,
472:Jung and Feminism
470:Demaris S. Wehr,
288:Anthony Stevens,
165:archetype of the
89:persona-restoring
1531:
1496:
1495:
1488:Wikisource texts
1486:
1476:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1398:Persona (series)
1193:Sabina Spielrein
1123:
1122:
822:
821:
730:Anima and animus
680:
679:
657:Personality type
621:
614:
607:
598:
597:
592:
585:
579:
572:
566:
559:
553:
546:
540:
533:
527:
520:
514:
507:
501:
494:
488:
483:Susan Reynolds,
481:
475:
468:
462:
459:
453:
446:
440:
433:
427:
420:
414:
407:
401:
396:David Sedgwick,
394:
388:
381:
375:
368:
362:
355:
349:
342:
336:
329:
323:
318:Barbara Hannah,
316:
310:
299:
293:
286:
280:
273:
267:
260:
254:
247:
241:
234:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1454:
1431:Bollingen Prize
1409:
1392:The Soul Keeper
1354:Popular culture
1349:
1298:
1289:Bollingen Tower
1273:
1264:Anthony Stevens
1254:Sonu Shamdasani
1239:Jordan Peterson
1219:Joseph Campbell
1207:
1203:Richard Wilhelm
1166:
1110:
960:
951:
898:
855:
807:
769:
716:
702:Electra complex
671:
630:
625:
595:
586:
582:
573:
569:
560:
556:
547:
543:
534:
530:
521:
517:
508:
504:
495:
491:
482:
478:
469:
465:
460:
456:
447:
443:
434:
430:
421:
417:
408:
404:
395:
391:
382:
378:
372:Collected Works
369:
365:
356:
352:
343:
339:
333:Jung in Context
330:
326:
317:
313:
300:
296:
287:
283:
274:
270:
261:
257:
248:
244:
235:
231:
227:
184:
178:relationship."
127:
115:
102:
80:
68:
42:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1365:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1269:Marion Woodman
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1188:Wolfgang Pauli
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1147:Jolande Jacobi
1144:
1142:Barbara Hannah
1139:
1133:
1131:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1018:
1010:
1002:
992:
986:
980:
974:
967:
965:
953:
952:
950:
949:
941:
940:
939:
923:
915:
906:
904:
900:
899:
897:
896:
888:
880:
872:
863:
861:
857:
856:
854:
853:
845:
837:
828:
826:
819:
813:
812:
809:
808:
806:
805:
798:
793:
788:
783:
777:
775:
771:
770:
768:
767:
765:Wounded healer
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
726:
724:
718:
717:
715:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
688:
686:
677:
673:
672:
670:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
638:
636:
632:
631:
624:
623:
616:
609:
601:
594:
593:
580:
567:
554:
541:
528:
515:
502:
489:
487:(2007), p. 61.
476:
463:
461:Hannah, p. 288
454:
441:
428:
415:
402:
389:
376:
363:
350:
337:
331:Peter Homans,
324:
311:
294:
281:
268:
262:Mario Jacoby,
255:
242:
228:
226:
223:
222:
221:
216:
208:
200:
195:
190:
183:
180:
126:
123:
114:
111:
101:
98:
79:
76:
67:
66:Disintegration
64:
41:
40:Identification
38:
36:
35:Jung's persona
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1536:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1369:Synchronicity
1366:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:Organizations
1301:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1229:Erich Neumann
1227:
1225:
1224:James Hillman
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Maria Moltzer
1181:
1179:
1178:Sigmund Freud
1176:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1106:
1105:General Index
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
968:
966:
964:
963:
962:of C. G. Jung
959:
954:
947:
946:
942:
937:
936:
932:
931:
929:
928:
924:
921:
920:
916:
913:
912:
908:
907:
905:
901:
894:
893:
889:
886:
885:
884:Answer to Job
881:
878:
877:
873:
870:
869:
865:
864:
862:
858:
851:
850:
846:
843:
842:
838:
835:
834:
830:
829:
827:
823:
820:
818:
814:
804:
803:
799:
797:
796:Individuation
794:
792:
789:
787:
786:Enantiodromia
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
772:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
725:
723:
719:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
687:
685:
681:
678:
674:
668:
665:
663:
662:Synchronicity
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
637:
633:
629:
622:
617:
615:
610:
608:
603:
602:
599:
590:
584:
577:
571:
564:
558:
551:
545:
538:
532:
525:
519:
512:
506:
499:
493:
486:
480:
473:
467:
458:
451:
445:
438:
432:
425:
419:
412:
406:
399:
393:
386:
380:
373:
367:
360:
354:
347:
341:
334:
328:
321:
315:
308:
304:
298:
291:
285:
278:
272:
265:
259:
252:
246:
239:
233:
229:
220:
217:
215:
213:
209:
207:
205:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
122:
120:
110:
108:
97:
95:
90:
86:
75:
73:
72:individuation
63:
61:
60:enantiodromia
56:
51:
47:
32:
30:
26:
22:
1498:All articles
1447:
1440:
1402:
1390:
1368:
1360:
1198:Victor White
1152:Aniela Jaffé
1126:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1004:
998:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
961:
957:
943:
933:
925:
917:
909:
890:
882:
874:
866:
847:
839:
831:
817:Publications
800:
739:
588:
583:
575:
570:
562:
557:
549:
548:Eric Berne,
544:
536:
535:Eric Berne,
531:
523:
518:
510:
509:Eric Berne,
505:
497:
492:
484:
479:
471:
466:
457:
449:
444:
436:
431:
423:
418:
410:
405:
397:
392:
384:
379:
371:
366:
358:
353:
345:
344:C. G. Jung,
340:
332:
327:
319:
314:
306:
297:
289:
284:
276:
275:C. G. Jung,
271:
263:
258:
250:
245:
237:
236:C. G. Jung,
232:
211:
203:
166:
162:
160:
156:life scripts
152:Erik Erikson
147:
143:
139:
131:
128:
118:
116:
103:
93:
88:
84:
81:
69:
46:social world
43:
20:
18:
1259:June Singer
945:Black Books
707:Inner child
413:, page 179.
361:; page 277.
206:(1966 film)
113:Restoration
1513:Categories
1436:Burghölzli
1386:Shadow Man
1234:Maud Oakes
1171:Colleagues
1162:Toni Wolff
1128:Jungfrauen
903:Posthumous
684:The psyche
589:Two Essays
452:, page 197
450:Two Essays
439:, page 117
437:Psychology
424:Two Essays
385:Two Essays
359:Two Essays
251:Two Essays
225:References
171:archetypes
167:conformity
136:Eric Berne
107:Cassandras
94:status quo
50:strong ego
1478:Wikiquote
1212:Followers
1157:Emma Jung
755:Trickster
628:Carl Jung
591:, p. 199.
526:; page 99
409:Stevens,
25:Carl Jung
676:Concepts
635:Theories
576:Memories
435:Jacobi,
426:, p. 197
253:, p. 197
214:(series)
182:See also
148:identity
140:persona,
1468:Commons
1442:I Ching
1001:, 1912)
930:(2009)
740:Persona
697:Complex
522:Berne,
290:On Jung
212:Persona
204:Persona
188:Akrasia
134:." For
132:persona
100:Absence
21:persona
1376:song 1
1371:(album
1320:Eranos
1282:Houses
1119:People
1107:(1979)
1095:(1977)
1089:(1954)
1083:(1966)
1077:(1966)
1071:(1970)
1065:(1968)
1057:(1944)
1049:(1970)
1043:(1970)
1037:(1969)
1031:(1969)
1025:(1969)
1017:(1967)
1009:(1971)
991:(1961)
985:(1960)
979:(1973)
973:(1970)
948:(2020)
938:(1916)
922:(1964)
914:(1961)
895:(1956)
887:(1954)
879:(1951)
871:(1944)
852:(1933)
844:(1921)
836:(1912)
750:Shadow
735:Apollo
587:Jung,
578:p. 212
574:Jung,
448:Jung,
422:Jung,
383:Jung,
357:Jung,
249:Jung,
163:social
144:ad hoc
85:before
1414:Other
860:Later
825:Early
774:Other
175:anima
55:tenor
48:. "A
1404:Soul
745:Self
563:Jung
411:Jung
83:was
29:mask
19:The
524:Sex
150:of
1515::
1381:2)
96:.
620:e
613:t
606:v
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