768:. They concluded that plant, as well as animal, descriptions could be grouped into five different hierarchical "taxonomic ethnobiological categories"; these included 1.) "unique beginner," such as plants and animals, 2.) "life form", such as tree, vine, bird, grass, mammal, etc.; 3.) the largest category, consisting usually of ~500 taxa, is "generic", and consists of names such as oak, pine, catfish, perch, and robin. Further, some "generics" were not included with in the classification of "life forms", and were called "aberrant". These included names such as cactus, bamboo, pineapple, platypus, etc., and were often of economic value—Agave, bean, and corn as examples. Two other taxa were called "specific" and "varietal," and were generally less numerous. Examples of "specific" include blue spruce, white fir, and post oak, and examples of "varietal" included baby beans, button beans, etc.
711:
times as many as Europe. They asserted that all three regions had essentially the same flora as of 15 million years ago, but China came to possess the most species because of three reasons. First, China has a tropical rain forest. Second, there is an unbroken gradient of vegetation from the tropical rain forest to "boreal coniferous forests that has persisted and afforded habitats characterized by equable climates during the last 15 million years, when massive extinctions were taking place elsewhere in the
Northern Hemisphere...such continuity is interrupted in North America by the Gulf of Mexico and in Europe by the Alps, the Mediterranean, and the Sahara Desert." The third reason was due to the impact of the Indian subcontinent with Asia starting 50 million years ago, making a "highly dissected, elevated geography."
33:
605:. They reported that endomycorrhizal fungi, which penetrate plant cells, are found in 80% of all vascular plants, including ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, and are found in forests of high species richness. On the other hand, ectomycorrhizal fungi, which do not penetrate plant cells, occur in forests of low species richness, are usually in temperate forests, or infertile soils of the tropics. Further, they hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal forests have expanded through the Middle
680:, as well as the recent elevation of the Sierra Nevada and other ranges, together with: "The concomitant development of a cold off-shore current which ultimately resulted in the development of a mediterranean, summer-dry climate during the past million years...The endemics of California are a mixture of relicts and newly produced species...and it is the latter that have contributed most to the size of the flora and to the high proportion of endemism in it."
413:
During his early years he was associated with and led Sierra Club outings for several weeks at a time, after which he published "Base Camp
Reports." Published from 1950 to 1956, these reports covered a wide range of subjects, including plant lists, insects, and ecology. His first such report, at the
585:
as examples of plants that appeared to use hybridization as a means to adapting to new environments. He stated "If the hybrids are particularly favored in specific ecological situations, asexual reproduction, polyploidy, or simply autogamy may favor the perpetuation of specific genotypes through a
449:
and his wife
Margaret Lewis discovered the herbarium specimen collected by Raven. They visited him in 1952 when he was 16, and wanted to know where the collection was made. Lewis eventually located the new species, and in 1958 Lewis and Raven published a botanical description of this plant, called
745:
He has also published a number of books (Floras) devoted to the systematics of plants found in particular regions. These include a 1966 book on the native shrubs of
Southern California; a 1966 flora on the Santa Monica Mountains in California; and, with various editors and authors, an ongoing 33
710:
In 1996 Raven, Axelrod, and Al-Shehbaz wrote a paper on the history of the modern flora of China, Europe, and the continental United States. They said that the three regions have approximately the same geographic area, yet China has two times the number of species as the United States, and three
561:
Raven wrote a review of the plant population data as of 1979, and identified several themes that he felt had potential for future research, including the above theme of the species problem. He went on to assert that developmental biology would be more important in the future He advocated another
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In 1978 Sussman and Raven advanced the idea that nonflying mammals, such as primates and marsupials, could have been significant pollinators but were outcompeted by nectar-feeding birds and bats. Any coevolved relationships between flowering plant species and non-flying mammal pollinators that
565:
In 1980 Raven continued discussing problems associated with defining species in plants. He discussed the widespread ability of plant species to hybridize, especially in perennial plants, and the historical observations of such back to 1717. He used as examples of perennial plants in the
310:, to American parents, Walter Francis Raven and Isabelle Marion Breen. His father's uncle Frank Jay Raven was, for a time, one of the wealthiest Americans in China but was later jailed in a banking scandal. That incident and Japanese aggression in China led the Raven family to return to
504:
of a derived species showing a close morphological similarity to a parental species, the derived species being geographically proximal, but differing from the parent by chromosomal differences and showing interspecific sterility. Further, they hypothesized that such speciation in
620:, anatomy, breeding systems, and geographic distribution. He asserted that the family was the best known plant family of its size, and proposed that further studies of the family would be useful in understanding of "variation and evolution of plants in the future."
671:
In 1978, again with
Axelrod, they published on the origin and complexity of Californian flora. They reviewed that the flora of California consisted of "northern, temperate elements and xeric, southern elements, and is characterized by a high degree of
586:
narrowing of the spectrum of genetic recombination characteristic of the population. No general conclusions about the most appropriate way to treat these populations taxonomically appear to be possible." In annual plants, using examples from
409:
Raven has published more than 700 articles, books, and monographs covering topics in
Evolution, Taxonomy and Systematics, Biogeography, Coevolution, Plant Conservation, Ethnobotany, and Public Policy, including several text books.
2504:
1156:"CONVICTED BANKER WAS MYTH IN CHINA; F.J. Raven Rose Spectacularly in Shanghai to Become a Financial Power. BEGAN WORK AS SURVEYOR He Branched Off Into Realty, Banking and Trust Business -- Then Came Collapse"
668:. They stated that the new plate tectonic theory "did not require any new modifications of previously established major principles of evolution...however there were new principles of biogeography..."
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persist at the present would appear to be "living fossils, which have a great deal to tell us about the evolution of both the mammals, including some of our antecedents, and of the flowering plants."
6512:
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676:." They proposed that the reasons for the large number of species in the state as well as the endemics is due to the favorable climate that has prevailed in California for most of the
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in 1971. In 2006, his position was renamed
President and Director. Raven announced his plans to retire in 2011, to coincide with his 75th birthday and his 40th year at the garden.
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Raven has produced a wide variety of works in the area of plant systematics. Most of them are related to the plant family
Onagraceae. In 1969 he published a 235-page report on
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distributions of plant species in North and South
America. He divided species into three groups: biopolar or high-latitude species, temperate species, and desert species.
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prior to the wide acceptance of plate tectonic theory of the late 1960s, and was an early adopter of plate tectonics in explaining plant disjunctions by the early 1970s.
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plant genus illustrates
Gondwanan distribution, having descended from the supercontinent and existing in present-day Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and the
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PETER AND THE WOLF. Why Missouri Botanical Garden's Peter Raven, world-renowned environmentalist, courts Monsanto's favor, boosts its biotech and takes its money
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Weerakoon, Gothamie; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2014). "Thirteen new species of Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales) from Sri Lanka".
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theme, that being that funding should be provided for study on a few species rather than spread amongst many in order to solve population biology problems:
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742:; and in 2007 a 240-page monograph on a reclassification of the Onagraceae. And in 1981 he published a 1,049 page monograph on the systematics of Legumes.
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In 1980 Raven and coauthors reviewed the literature concerning fungal symbiosis in vascular plants. They reviewed two kinds of fungal-plant associations:
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often occur sympatrically, yet hybrids are very rare in the wild," and that much of the sterility is due to chromosomal repatterning between species."
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Future Directions in Plant Population Biology. In: Topics in Plant Population Biology. O. T. Solbrig, S. Jain, G. B. Johnson, and P. H. Raven, (eds)
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During this time he also published on new weed species and other plants found in and around San Francisco as well as the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
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1785:"Fossil Nothofagaceous Leaves from the Eocene of Western Antarctica and their Bearing on the Origin, Dispersal and Systematics of Nothofagus"
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Raven's Ph.D. thesis was on a genus within the Onagraceae, and his interest on the evolution of plants within this family as well as the
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Principles of Tzeltal Plant Classification: An Introduction to the Bothanical Ethnography of a Mayan-Speaking People of Highland Chiapas
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Dietrich, W.; Wagner, W. L.; Raven, P. H. (1997). "Systematics of Oenothera Section Oenothera Subsection Oenothera (Onagraceae)".
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379:
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1963:
Raven, P. H.; Raven, T. E. (1976). "The Genus Epilobium (Onagraceae) in Australasia: A Systematic and Evolutionary Study".
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Berlin, Breedlove and Raven later extended their analysis of plants and animals to other indigenous peoples including the
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in Australasia; an embryological analysis of species in the Myrtales; In 1992 a 209-page monograph on the systematics of
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322:
257:
84:
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Sussman, Robert W.; Raven, Peter H. (1978). "Pollinatin by Lemurs and Marsupials: An Archaic Coevolutionary System".
352:
Raven is possibly best known for his work "Butterflies and Plants: A Study in Coevolution", published in the journal
616:
runs through his entire career. In 1988 he published a review of the Onagraceae, covering its taxonomy, evolution,
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Onagraceae as a Model of Plant Evolution. In: Plant Evolutionary Biology. Leslie Gottlieb and Subodh K. Jain, eds
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360:. Since then he has authored numerous scientific and popular papers, many on the evening primrose family,
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38:
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Wagner, Warren L.; Hoch, Peter C.; Raven, Peter H. (2007). "Revised Classification of the Onagraceae".
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Axelrod, Daniel I.; Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan; Raven, Peter H. (1996). "History of the Modern Flora of China".
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Raven, Peter H.; Axelrod, Daniel I. (1974). "Angiosperm Biogeography and Past Continental Movements".
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527:, Raven went on to publish many papers on evolutionary topics. While at Stanford University, with
730:; In 1976 he, along with his wife at the time Tamara Engelhorn, published a 321-page monograph on
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Chen, C. J.; Hoch, P. C.; Raven, P. H. (1992). "Systematics of Epilobium (Onagraceae) in China".
1875:
Raven, Peter H.; Axelrod, Daniel I. (1978). "Origin and Relationships of the Californian Flora".
1634:"Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of mycorrhizal Symbioses in Vascular Plants (A Review)"
896:
419:
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Raven, Peter H. (1963). "Amphitropical Relationships in the Floras of North and South America".
823:, and concluded that their five to six taxonomic ethnobiological categories were generalizable.
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1983:
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Life Stories: World-renowned scientists reflect on their lives and the future of life on earth
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863:
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was a counselor on this particular trip, identified by Raven as Prof. G. L. "Led" Stebbins.
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664:, Raven published an extensive article on plant and animal biogeography in the context of
8:
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Ehrlich, Paul R.; Raven, Peter (1964). "Butterflies and Plants: A study in Coevolution".
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368:, now in its eighth edition, coauthored with Ray F. Evert and Susan E. Eichhorn (both of
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In a 1969 paper Ehrlich and Raven were also critical of the idea that the definition of
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age of 14, summarized 506 plant collections representing 337 species collected in the
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was appointed as Raven's successor at the Missouri Botanical Garden in September 2010.
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Raven, Peter H. (1980). "Hybridization and the Nature of Species in Higher Plants".
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Raven, Peter H. (1955). "A range extension for Allocarya cusickii in California".
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2233:. Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis). p. 449.
2218:. Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis). p. 387.
2203:. Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis). p. 479.
2188:. Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis). p. 378.
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1363:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. pp.
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While a graduate student at the University of California, Los Angeles, Raven and
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Axelrod, Daniel I.; Raven, Peter H. (1985). "Origins of the Cordilleran Flora".
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in his honor to be conferred to authors with outstanding contributions to plant
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He is a frequent speaker on the need for biodiversity and species conservation.
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2903:
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1055:
598:
463:
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and Peter H. Raven (1964), "Butterflies and Plants: A Study in Coevolution",
321:
while still a youth, Raven went on to graduate with a BSc in biology from the
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311:
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1493:
Ehrlich, Paul R.; Raven, Peter H. (1969). "Differentiation of Populations".
838:
William L. Brown Award for Excellence in Genetic Resource Conservation, 2010
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1984:"An embryological analysis of Myrtales: its definition and characteristics"
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Raven (along with Dennis E. Breedlove) was a collaborator on a team led by
617:
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Additionally, they hypothesized that this rapid mode of speciation seen in
484:, and generalized to what was by then a general a pattern of speciation in
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238:
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4007:
3965:
3750:
3469:
3431:
3254:
2946:
2430:"2014 RHS Awards for Exceptional Contributions to Horticulture Announced"
800:
788:
780:
750:
719:
704:
532:
394:
2088:
2045:
1944:
Raven, P. H. (1969). "A revision of the genus Camissonia (Onagraceae)".
7644:
7590:
6192:
5831:
5492:
5268:
5163:
5120:
4735:
4698:
3921:
3722:
3670:
3181:
2605:
S.González & W.L.Wagner | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
2346:"General Principles of Classification and Nomenclature in Folk Biology"
2313:"General principles of classification and nomenclature in folk biology"
2121:
Polhill, R. M.; Raven, P. H. (1981). "Advances in Legume Systematics".
2010:
1915:
1861:
1769:
1479:
1403:
1291:
Raven, Peter H. (1954). "New weeds for the Sierra Nevada, California".
1018:
746:
volume set (to date) on the flora of China, organized by plant family.
727:
641:
606:
543:
397:. He served on the board of trustees for Science Service, now known as
361:
7621:
1272:
Raven, Peter H. (1952). "Plant notes from San Francisco, California".
7585:
7457:
5255:
5025:
3375:
2763:
2378:
2148:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp.
2080:
2037:
1965:
New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin
1009:
760:
that published a seminal work on the classification of plants by the
739:
735:
731:
582:
570:
5063:
2002:
1907:
1853:
1761:
1471:
1395:
1329:
Raven, Peter H. (1956). "The grasses of San Francisco, California".
2767:
1722:
978:
677:
673:
635:
613:
294:, notable as the longtime director, now President Emeritus, of the
287:
64:
6520:
816:
776:
772:
765:
587:
539:
7402:
1154:
Correspondence, Special; TIMES, THE NEW YORK (2 February 1936).
707:
Plain-western Wyoming, and south to central Arizona-New Mexico.
1025:
820:
792:
578:
230:
2456:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
2231:
Flora of China. Scrophulariaceae through Gesneriaceae, Vol. 18
509:
was rapid, and perhaps occurred within the last 12,000 years.
436:
In 1950 Raven, at the age of 14, had collected a plant called
2344:
Berlin, Brent; Breedlove, Dennis E.; Raven, Peter H. (1973).
2311:
Berlin, Brent; Breedlove, Dennis E.; Raven, Peter H. (1973).
2244:
Berlin, Brent; Breedlove, Dennis E.; Raven, Peter H. (1968).
738:
in China; in 1997 a 234-page monograph on the systematics of
683:
Raven and Axelrod wrote a paper in 1985 on the origin of the
567:
390:
and "for exceptional efforts at outreach to non-scientists".
2703:
Riverfront Times, 3 November 1999, retrieved 27 October 2015
2277:
Berlin, Brent; Breedlove, Dennis E.; Rave, Peter H. (1974).
2655:
1005:
Honorary Doctor of Science Harvard University May 29, 2014
2201:
Flora of China. Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae, Vol. 16
1189:"The Frank Jay Raven Story, an Ebook by Shanghai.Manholes"
535:
after a 1964 review of butterflies and their food plants.
442:. In the early 1950s, in the course of revising the genus
7791:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
2216:
Flora of China. Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae, Vol. 15
1632:
Malloch, D. W.; Pirozynski, K. A.; Raven, P. H. (1980).
1602:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 461–481.
523:
Following his early publication in 1958 on evolution of
2628:
2186:
Flora of China. Verbenaceae through Solanaceae, Vol. 17
7776:
Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
1928:
1695:. London, New York: Chapman and Hall. pp. 85–107.
1631:
649:. Fossils have also recently been found in Antarctica.
364:. Raven is also an author of the widely used textbook
2622:
2163:
Thompson, H. H.; Prigge, B. A.; Raven, P. H. (1986).
2343:
2310:
2243:
1253:
Raven, Peter H. (1952). "Parsley for Marin County".
480:
published a major paper in 1958 on the evolution of
456:, which was morphologically very closely related to
2383:
William L. Brown Center for Plant Genetic Resources
2276:
2162:
2066:
1153:
1050:is used to indicate this person as the author when
991:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
7781:Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
7771:Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
2476:
2169:. Los Angeles: University of California. pp.
2141:
1356:
968:'s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology
7856:Presidents of the American Society of Naturalists
2779:
687:flora, a region bounded by the east slope of the
7851:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
7707:
5064:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
835:Leadership in Science Public Service Award, 2012
7786:Foreign members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
2166:Flora of the Santa Monica Mountains, California
2101:
516:was analogous to a mode of speciation known as
714:
7796:Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
7388:
6506:
2749:
2283:. New York, London: Academic Press. pp.
2228:
2213:
2198:
2183:
2023:
1783:HaoMin, Li; ZheKun, Zhou (1 September 2007).
841:Arthur Hoyt Scott Medal 2009, awarded by the
7846:Fellows of the Ecological Society of America
7821:University of California, Los Angeles alumni
7761:Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
2715:Peter Raven's botanical roots come from S.F.
2376:
2120:
1893:
1874:
1839:
1782:
1543:
1492:
1457:
1238:Raven, Peter H. (1950). "Base Camp Botany".
995:Named a Hero for the Planet by TIME magazine
922:Catharine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship
609:at the expense of endomycorrhizal forests.
7831:Washington University in St. Louis faculty
7395:
7381:
6513:
6499:
2756:
2742:
1962:
1424:
1382:, a new species from central California".
1377:
699:of California to the eastern front of the
341:, Raven went on to become Director of the
31:
7816:University of California, Berkeley alumni
2361:
2328:
2261:
1981:
1792:Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences
1667:
1657:
1593:
1591:
1442:
1078:Peter H. Raven and Helena Curtis (1970),
891:Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement
325:, in 1957 and a Ph.D. in botany from the
7756:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
4473:
1704:
1702:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
950:American Society of Landscape Architects
634:
628:Raven showed an early interest in plant
3043:
2765:United States National Medal of Science
2559:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
2481:. stlouiswalkoffame.org. Archived from
2246:"Covert Categories and Folk Taxonomies"
1842:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
1750:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
1746:"Plant Species Disjunctions: A Summary"
1615:Canadian Botanical Association Bulletin
1425:Lewis, Harlan; Raven, Peter H. (1958).
1354:
119: 1958; died 1968)
7708:
2306:
2304:
1588:
1211:
1209:
590:, he asserted that several species of
213:
7376:
6494:
5593:
5592:
5062:
4472:
3986:
3042:
2778:
2737:
2402:
2400:
2139:
1943:
1743:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1612:
1597:
1418:
1378:Lewis, Harlan; Raven, Peter (1958). "
1341:
1328:
1309:
1290:
1271:
1252:
1237:
1021:was published in his honour, in 2002.
1017:from Mexico, belonging to the family
936:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
500:origin mirrored a recurring theme in
393:He serves on the advisory council of
380:American Society of Plant Taxonomists
327:University of California, Los Angeles
90:University of California, Los Angeles
7766:Foreign members of the Royal Society
7697:List of fellows of the Royal Society
2580:"Royal Patrons and Honorary Fellows"
2144:Native Shrubs of Southern California
1125:"Royal Patrons and Honorary Fellows"
833:American Society of Plant Biologists
826:
653:In 1963 Raven published a review of
554:had very little meaning for plants.
399:Society for Science & the Public
306:On June 13, 1936, Raven was born in
286:(born June 13, 1936) is an American
7746:National Medal of Science laureates
7741:Missouri Botanical Garden directors
2679:Raven page at Washington University
2301:
2229:Zheng-yi, Wu; Raven, P. H. (1998).
2214:Zheng-yi, Wu; Raven, P. H. (1996).
2199:Zheng-yi, Wu; Raven, P. H. (1994).
2184:Zheng-yi, Wu; Raven, P. H. (1994).
1206:
791:of Castle Peak Bay, Hong Kong; the
13:
2479:"St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees"
2397:
1444:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1958.tb02962.x
971:Former Home Secretary of the U.S.
356:in 1964, which he coauthored with
323:University of California, Berkeley
258:Washington University in St. Louis
85:University of California, Berkeley
14:
7867:
2707:
2409:Peter H. Raven -- Curriculum Vita
2379:"The 2010 William L. Brown Award"
1215:
775:speaking people of the island of
314:, California, in the late 1930s.
37:Peter Raven, after receiving the
7826:Veitch Memorial Medal recipients
1218:"Publications of Peter H. Raven"
1082:, New York: Worth Publishing.
370:University of Wisconsin, Madison
170:
143:
7841:21st-century American botanists
7836:20th-century American botanists
2657:International Plant Names Index
2649:
2593:
2572:
2547:
2522:
2497:
2470:
2464:American Academy of Achievement
2448:
2422:
2370:
2337:
2270:
2237:
2222:
2207:
2192:
2177:
2156:
2133:
2114:
2095:
2060:
2017:
1982:Tobe, H.; Raven, P. H. (1983).
1975:
1956:
1937:
1922:
1887:
1868:
1833:
1776:
1737:
1684:
1625:
1606:
1537:
1486:
1451:
1371:
1322:
1303:
1104:www.missouribotanicalgarden.org
916:International Prize for Biology
878:American Academy of Achievement
623:
317:After becoming a member of the
190:
166:
139:
116:
1877:Univ. Of California. Publ. Bot
1355:Newbold, Heather, ed. (2000).
1284:
1265:
1246:
1231:
1181:
1147:
1117:
1092:
910:American Philosophical Society
749:
319:California Academy of Sciences
1:
7721:American nonprofit executives
3987:
2780:Behavioral and social science
2713:Sullivan, R. & J. Eaton.
2363:10.1525/aa.1973.75.1.02a00140
2330:10.1525/aa.1973.75.1.02a00140
2263:10.1525/aa.1968.70.2.02a00050
1515:10.1126/science.165.3899.1228
1129:The Linnean Society of London
1086:
960:Australian Academy of Science
764:-speaking people of Highland
301:
7751:Botanical Society of America
6973:Constantine John Alexopoulos
6752:Arthur Henry Reginald Buller
6523:Botanical Society of America
1566:10.1126/science.200.4343.731
1427:"Rapid Evolution in Clarkia"
973:National Academy of Sciences
929:National Academy of Sciences
927:Member of the United States
471:
7:
7811:Stanford University faculty
2643:10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.24
2385:. Missouri Botanical Garden
1711:Quarterly Review of Biology
1000:National Geographic Society
903:The Delmer S. Fahrney Medal
404:
39:Addison Emery Verrill Medal
10:
7872:
7801:Scientists from California
7716:American environmentalists
7533:David Malcolm James Lilley
6770:Charles Joseph Chamberlain
6675:Frederick Charles Newcombe
6603:William Ashbrook Kellerman
5668:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
2728:International Cosmos Prize
2691:Bio at National Geographic
2609:Plants of the World Online
2123:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
876:Golden Plate Award of the
858:International Cosmos Prize
797:Southwestern United States
7806:Scientists from St. Louis
7694:
7653:
7418:
7203:
7048:
6937:George Sherman Avery, Jr.
6887:
6726:
6651:Douglas Houghton Campbell
6567:Benjamin Lincoln Robinson
6529:
6430:
6279:
6128:
5949:
5755:
5603:
5599:
5588:
5522:
5424:
5313:
5224:
5145:
5073:
5069:
5058:
5015:
4924:
4816:
4707:
4643:William Hayward Pickering
4588:
4483:
4479:
4468:
4394:
4286:
4140:
4016:
3997:
3993:
3982:
3893:
3702:
3516:
3334:
3190:
3053:
3049:
3038:
2995:
2936:
2848:
2808:
2789:
2785:
2774:
1812:10.1007/s11430-007-0102-0
943:Linnean Society of London
871:National Medal of Science
787:; the Cantonese speaking
496:; and they asserted that
343:Missouri Botanical Garden
332:
296:Missouri Botanical Garden
277:
263:
254:Missouri Botanical Garden
244:
226:
219:
209:
201:
95:
80:
72:
45:
30:
23:
7555:Brian Cecil Joseph Moore
6895:Albert Francis Blakeslee
6092:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
5538:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
3169:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
2684:22 November 2005 at the
2477:St. Louis Walk of Fame.
1946:Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herb
1744:Raven, Peter H. (1972).
1691:Raven, Peter H. (1988).
1598:Raven, Peter H. (1979).
1062:
989:Former President of the
7493:Christopher Hawkesworth
7158:Gregory Joseph Anderson
7152:William Louis Culberson
6949:William Campbell Steere
6615:George Francis Atkinson
6585:Beverly Thomas Galloway
6561:Lucien Marcus Underwood
5403:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
3321:George Ledyard Stebbins
3242:James Augustine Shannon
2718:San Francisco Chronicle
2350:American Anthropologist
2317:American Anthropologist
2250:American Anthropologist
1991:Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard
1931:Proceedings of the IFCD
1896:Journal of Biogeography
1034:was named in his honour
948:Honorary Member of the
897:Volvo Environment Prize
416:Sierra Nevada Mountains
7526:John Vincent Kilmartin
7253:Christopher H. Haufler
7110:Mildred Esther Mathias
7098:Ernest M. Gifford, Jr.
7092:Patricia Kern Holmgren
7062:Barbara Frances Palser
6836:Merritt Lyndon Fernald
6830:John Theodore Buchholz
6758:Margaret Clay Ferguson
6746:Harley Harris Bartlett
6717:William Chambers Coker
6693:Nathaniel Lord Britton
6621:William Francis Ganong
6555:Nathaniel Lord Britton
5860:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
5847:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
4803:Harry George Drickamer
4749:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
4423:M. Frederick Hawthorne
4297:John D. Baldeschwieler
3537:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
3219:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
2696:1999 story at time.com
2555:"Peter Hamilton Raven"
1659:10.1073/pnas.77.4.2113
941:Foreign Member of the
885:St. Louis Walk of Fame
650:
488:. They concluded that
7622:Andrew Benjamin Smith
7140:David Leonard Dilcher
7128:Shirley Cotter Tucker
7086:Charles Bixler Heiser
7074:William August Jensen
6866:Ralph Erskine Cleland
6842:William Jacob Robbins
6824:Edgar Nelson Transeau
6711:Benjamin Minge Duggar
6705:Henry Chandler Cowles
6687:Joseph Charles Arthur
6639:William Gilson Farlow
6609:Franklin Sumner Earle
6579:Joseph Charles Arthur
6451:Sylvester James Gates
5837:William Alfred Fowler
5819:Robert Rathbun Wilson
5632:Robert Burns Woodward
4444:Geraldine L. Richmond
4192:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
3475:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
3404:Vernon B. Mountcastle
3260:Sterling B. Hendricks
3077:Marshall W. Nirenberg
3072:Theodosius Dobzhansky
2920:William Julius Wilson
2377:Staff writer (2014).
2140:Raven, P. H. (1966).
1638:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci
1031:Ocellularia raveniana
864:Veitch Memorial Medal
638:
548:Theodosius Dobzhansky
531:, he coined the term
401:, from 1993 to 1996.
214:See Awards and honors
7436:Michael John Crawley
7355:Brenda Molano-Flores
7080:Herbert George Baker
6860:Neil Everett Stevens
6854:Irving Widmer Bailey
6848:Gilbert Morgan Smith
6812:Arthur Johnson Eames
6543:Charles Edwin Bessey
6422:Warren M. Washington
6386:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
6295:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
6240:Martin Schwarzschild
6021:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
6013:J. Robert Schrieffer
5983:E. Margaret Burbidge
5827:Nicolaas Bloembergen
5804:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
5683:Vladimir K. Zworykin
5435:John Griggs Thompson
5358:Martin David Kruskal
5198:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
4671:Erwin Wilhelm Müller
4625:Ralph Brazelton Peck
4580:Jack St. Clair Kilby
4507:John Robinson Pierce
4474:Engineering sciences
4405:Jacqueline K. Barton
4260:George M. Whitesides
4179:Dudley R. Herschbach
4117:Richard B. Bernstein
4086:Walter H. Stockmayer
3634:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
3565:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
3455:Stanley Norman Cohen
3442:Rita Levi-Montalcini
3278:Keith Roberts Porter
3141:Alfred H. Sturtevant
3136:Michael Heidelberger
3108:Fritz Albert Lipmann
2509:search.amphilsoc.org
2505:"APS Member History"
1100:"President Emeritus"
977:Former President of
964:Member of President
956:Corresponding Fellow
284:Peter Hamilton Raven
235:Evolutionary biology
169: 1996;
142: 1968;
50:Peter Hamilton Raven
7635:Nicholas Strausfeld
7601:Thomas Maurice Rice
7596:David William Rhind
7463:David Henry Dolphin
7349:Vivian Negron-Ortiz
7247:Edward L. Schneider
7116:William Louis Stern
7039:Theodore Delevoryas
7009:Harlan Parker Banks
6991:Harold Charles Bold
6967:G. Ledyard Stebbins
6872:Henry Allan Gleason
6806:Edmund Ware Sinnott
6776:George James Peirce
6740:Liberty Hyde Bailey
6699:Charles Elmer Allen
6669:Robert Almer Harper
6597:Robert Almer Harper
6591:Charles Reid Barnes
6472:Shirley Ann Jackson
6391:Charles P. Slichter
6235:Marshall Rosenbluth
6227:Wallace S. Broecker
6180:Eugene M. Shoemaker
5941:Victor F. Weisskopf
5888:Herbert S. Gutowsky
5870:Edgar Bright Wilson
5711:George Kistiakowsky
5329:Stephen Cole Kleene
4840:George H. Heilmeier
4827:Mildred Dresselhaus
4718:Edward H. Heinemann
4648:Frederick E. Terman
4612:Richard T. Whitcomb
4533:Clarence L. Johnson
4494:Theodore von Kármán
4381:Stephen J. Benkovic
4360:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
4347:Marvin H. Caruthers
4302:Ralph F. Hirschmann
4242:Darleane C. Hoffman
4132:Harden M. McConnell
4073:Frank H. Westheimer
3885:Stanley B. Prusiner
3849:Robert J. Lefkowitz
3608:Howard Martin Temin
3465:Maurice R. Hilleman
3460:Joseph L. Goldstein
3399:Donald A. Henderson
3316:Earl Reece Stadtman
3301:Elizabeth C. Crosby
3265:Orville Alvin Vogel
3095:Donald D. Van Slyke
3044:Biological sciences
2674:Raven page at MOBOT
2460:www.achievement.org
1804:2007ScChD..50.1525H
1650:1980PNAS...77.2113M
1558:1978Sci...200..731S
1507:1969Sci...165.1228E
1501:(3899): 1228–1232.
1380:Clarkia franciscana
1041:author abbreviation
883:Induction into the
819:speaking people of
552:G. Ledyard Stebbins
428:G. Ledyard Stebbins
339:Stanford University
268:Dennis E. Breedlove
249:Stanford University
7629:Anthony John Stace
7581:Peter J. Ratcliffe
7508:David Ish-Horowicz
7483:Jean-Pierre Hansen
7217:Patricia G. Gensel
7122:Ray Franklin Evert
7104:Barbara D. Webster
6955:Kenneth V. Thimann
6943:Frits Warmolt Went
6919:Adriance S. Foster
6878:Ivey Foreman Lewis
6818:Karl McKay Wiegand
6663:John Merle Coulter
6549:John Merle Coulter
6521:Presidents of the
6344:G. Brent Dalrymple
6162:Arthur L. Schawlow
6069:James A. Van Allen
5960:Philip W. Anderson
5916:Richard P. Feynman
5842:Linus Carl Pauling
5477:Dennis P. Sullivan
5034:John B. Goodenough
4967:Edwin N. Lightfoot
4935:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
4916:Kenneth N. Stevens
4684:Raymond D. Mindlin
4607:Harold E. Edgerton
4452:A. Paul Alivisatos
4331:Stephen J. Lippard
4310:Ernest R. Davidson
4247:Harold S. Johnston
4081:William S. Johnson
4045:George C. Pimentel
3880:Susan L. Lindquist
3862:Francis S. Collins
3756:Victor A. McKusick
3731:Francisco J. Ayala
3713:Nancy C. Andreasen
3663:Robert A. Weinberg
3437:Har Gobind Khorana
3422:Michael E. DeBakey
3409:George Emil Palade
3381:Wendell L. Roelofs
3371:Howard L. Bachrach
3201:Barbara McClintock
3103:Edward F. Knipling
2485:on 31 October 2012
1160:The New York Times
847:Swarthmore College
651:
347:Peter Wyse Jackson
337:After teaching at
7736:MacArthur Fellows
7703:
7702:
7519:Bruce Ernest Kemp
7441:Stuart Cull-Candy
7370:
7369:
7289:Elizabeth Kellogg
7283:Stephen G. Weller
7211:Douglas E. Soltis
7176:Barbara A. Schaal
7134:W. Hardy Eshbaugh
7015:Lincoln Constance
6931:Harriet Creighton
6645:Lewis Ralph Jones
6633:Erwin Frink Smith
6488:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6417:Esther M. Conwell
6357:Robert N. Clayton
6349:Riccardo Giacconi
6313:Raymond Davis Jr.
6201:Albert Overhauser
6144:Edwin M. McMillan
6105:Arnold O. Beckman
6082:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
6059:Paul C. Lauterbur
6036:Robert Hofstadter
5988:Maurice Goldhaber
5975:Charles H. Townes
5926:Edward M. Purcell
5893:Frederick Rossini
5747:Wolfgang Panofsky
5678:John H. Van Vleck
5594:Physical sciences
5584:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5546:Solomon W. Golomb
5506:Andrew J. Viterbi
5501:Leonard Kleinrock
5448:Calyampudi R. Rao
5416:Ronald R. Coifman
5324:George F. Carrier
5305:Donald C. Spencer
5300:Saunders Mac Lane
5235:Marshall H. Stone
5185:Shiing-Shen Chern
5092:Solomon Lefschetz
5054:
5053:
5050:
5049:
4991:David J. Wineland
4959:John M. Prausnitz
4900:C. Kumar N. Patel
4895:James L. Flanagan
4863:John Roy Whinnery
4850:H. Guyford Stever
4832:Nick Holonyak Jr.
4795:George W. Housner
4790:Willis M. Hawkins
4785:Daniel C. Drucker
4767:Robert Byron Bird
4759:Bernard M. Oliver
4666:Peter C. Goldmark
4653:Wernher von Braun
4599:George E. Mueller
4572:Nathan M. Newmark
4567:J. Presper Eckert
4546:Claude E. Shannon
4515:Charles S. Draper
4464:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4431:Judith P. Klinman
4315:Gábor A. Somorjai
4226:Isabella L. Karle
4213:George S. Hammond
4174:Gertrude B. Elion
4127:Rudolph A. Marcus
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3904:Ralph L. Brinster
3823:Torsten N. Wiesel
3800:Norman E. Borlaug
3787:Solomon H. Snyder
3782:J. Michael Bishop
3741:Mario R. Capecchi
3621:Salome G. Waelsch
3552:E. Donnall Thomas
3427:Theodor O. Diener
3326:Paul Alfred Weiss
3154:Bernard B. Brodie
3090:George G. Simpson
3034:
3033:
3030:
3029:
2979:Michael I. Posner
2880:Eleanor J. Gibson
2832:George J. Stigler
2800:Neal Elgar Miller
2534:www.nasonline.org
2104:Syst. Bot. Monogr
2069:Syst. Bot. Monogr
2026:Syst. Bot. Monogr
1798:(10): 1525–1535.
1552:(4343): 731–736.
1080:Biology of Plants
1002:board of trustees
827:Awards and honors
697:Peninsular Ranges
693:Transverse Ranges
662:Daniel I. Axelrod
518:quantum evolution
494:Clarkia rubicunda
492:had evolved from
384:Peter Raven Award
366:Biology of Plants
281:
280:
264:Doctoral students
221:Scientific career
16:American botanist
7863:
7566:Martyn Poliakoff
7513:James A. Jackson
7452:Roger John Davis
7397:
7390:
7383:
7374:
7373:
7343:Michael Donoghue
7337:Cynthia S. Jones
7307:Richard Olmstead
7259:Pamela S. Soltis
7229:Scott D. Russell
7146:Beryl B. Simpson
7068:Warren H. Wagner
7033:Arthur Cronquist
7021:Richard C. Starr
6985:Aaron John Sharp
6913:Ralph H. Wetmore
6782:Ezra Jacob Kraus
6734:Jacob R. Schramm
6681:William Trelease
6537:William Trelease
6515:
6508:
6501:
6492:
6491:
6300:Gilbert F. White
6245:George Wetherill
6139:Allan M. Cormack
6097:Jack Steinberger
6077:D. Allan Bromley
6026:H. Richard Crane
6003:Frederick Reines
5993:Helmut Landsberg
5908:George Uhlenbeck
5809:Vladimir Haensel
5771:Allan R. Sandage
5742:Herbert C. Brown
5724:Herbert Friedman
5650:Leon M. Lederman
5622:Julian Schwinger
5601:
5600:
5590:
5589:
5559:Alexandre Chorin
5533:Richard A. Tapia
5514:David B. Mumford
5342:Alberto Calderón
5287:Joseph B. Keller
5274:Michael Freedman
5243:Herman Goldstine
5097:H. Marston Morse
5071:
5070:
5060:
5059:
4999:Rudolf E. Kálmán
4983:Robert S. Langer
4975:Jan D. Achenbach
4808:Herbert E. Grier
4559:Igor I. Sikorsky
4520:Othmar H. Ammann
4481:
4480:
4470:
4469:
4436:Jerrold Meinwald
4205:Norman Hackerman
4184:Glenn T. Seaborg
4099:William O. Baker
4027:F. Albert Cotton
3995:
3994:
3984:
3983:
3961:Mary-Claire King
3854:Bert W. O'Malley
3810:Thomas E. Starzl
3805:Phillip A. Sharp
3792:Charles Yanofsky
3774:Evelyn M. Witkin
3769:James E. Darnell
3595:Paul C. Zamecnik
3560:Mary Ellen Avery
3532:Herbert W. Boyer
3527:Baruj Benacerraf
3498:Joshua Lederberg
3488:Viktor Hamburger
3450:Michael S. Brown
3296:Robert H. Burris
3051:
3050:
3040:
3039:
2987:Mortimer Mishkin
2912:William K. Estes
2896:Roger N. Shepard
2888:Robert K. Merton
2872:George A. Miller
2819:Herbert A. Simon
2787:
2786:
2776:
2775:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2735:
2734:
2720:August 20, 2008.
2667:
2666:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2530:"Peter H. Raven"
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2436:on 17 March 2017
2432:. Archived from
2426:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2081:10.2307/25027870
2064:
2058:
2057:
2038:10.2307/25027806
2021:
2015:
2014:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1644:(4): 2113–2118.
1629:
1623:
1622:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1352:
1339:
1338:
1331:Leafl. West. Bot
1326:
1320:
1319:
1312:Leafl. West. Bot
1307:
1301:
1300:
1293:Leafl. West. Bot
1288:
1282:
1281:
1274:Leafl. West. Bot
1269:
1263:
1262:
1255:Leafl. West. Bot
1250:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1225:Discoverlife.org
1222:
1216:Raven, Peter H.
1213:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1131:. Archived from
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1096:
1059:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1015:flowering plants
805:Papua New Guinea
785:Papua New Guinea
542:as advocated by
498:C. franciscana's
382:established the
292:environmentalist
272:Warren L. Wagner
194:
192:
174:
172:
168:
147:
145:
141:
120:
118:
60:
58:
35:
21:
20:
7871:
7870:
7866:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7861:
7860:
7706:
7705:
7704:
7699:
7690:
7676:Alexander Pines
7649:
7488:Nicholas Hastie
7414:
7401:
7371:
7366:
7319:Loren Rieseberg
7241:Allison A. Snow
7235:Linda E. Graham
7199:
7194:Carol C. Baskin
7182:Daniel Crawford
7170:Harry T. Horner
7044:
7027:Charles Heimsch
6883:
6800:C. Stuart Gager
6764:Lester W. Sharp
6722:
6657:A. S. Hitchcock
6525:
6519:
6489:
6476:
6464:Sean C. Solomon
6426:
6378:Daniel Kleppner
6370:Lonnie Thompson
6365:Ralph A. Alpher
6331:W. Jason Morgan
6318:Charles Keeling
6308:Marvin L. Cohen
6275:
6258:John N. Bahcall
6253:Don L. Anderson
6219:Peter Goldreich
6172:Steven Weinberg
6124:
6054:Walter Elsasser
6031:Herman Feshbach
5945:
5883:Samuel Goudsmit
5875:Chien-Shiung Wu
5814:Frederick Seitz
5781:John A. Wheeler
5766:Robert H. Dicke
5751:
5614:Luis W. Alvarez
5595:
5576:
5564:David Blackwell
5518:
5469:Carl R. de Boor
5440:Karen Uhlenbeck
5420:
5374:Louis Nirenberg
5309:
5282:Ralph E. Gomory
5220:
5216:Donald E. Knuth
5203:Hassler Whitney
5141:
5065:
5046:
5011:
4943:Andreas Acrivos
4920:
4908:Eli Ruckenstein
4887:Hermann A. Haus
4858:Calvin F. Quate
4845:Luna B. Leopold
4812:
4703:
4689:Robert N. Noyce
4679:Emmett N. Leith
4638:Manson Benedict
4620:Rudolf Kompfner
4584:
4538:Warren K. Lewis
4475:
4456:
4390:
4352:Peter B. Dervan
4323:John I. Brauman
4282:
4234:Norman Davidson
4161:John D. Roberts
4136:
4104:Konrad E. Bloch
4050:Richard N. Zare
4012:
3989:
3970:
3927:Sallie Chisholm
3909:Rudolf Jaenisch
3889:
3872:J. Craig Venter
3831:Rita R. Colwell
3698:
3684:David Baltimore
3575:Robert W. Kates
3547:David G. Nathan
3542:Edward B. Lewis
3512:
3508:Harland G. Wood
3503:Roger W. Sperry
3358:Glenn W. Burton
3330:
3306:Arthur Kornberg
3273:Roger Guillemin
3250:Hallowell Davis
3214:Daniel I. Arnon
3206:Albert B. Sabin
3186:
3159:Detlev W. Bronk
3131:Harry F. Harlow
3126:Kenneth S. Cole
3113:William C. Rose
3085:Francis P. Rous
3045:
3026:
2991:
2971:Gordon H. Bower
2932:
2928:Robert M. Solow
2844:
2840:Milton Friedman
2804:
2781:
2770:
2762:
2710:
2686:Wayback Machine
2670:
2662: P.H.Raven
2654:
2650:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2475:
2471:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2375:
2371:
2342:
2338:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2275:
2271:
2242:
2238:
2227:
2223:
2212:
2208:
2197:
2193:
2182:
2178:
2161:
2157:
2138:
2134:
2119:
2115:
2100:
2096:
2065:
2061:
2022:
2018:
2003:10.2307/2399008
1986:
1980:
1976:
1961:
1957:
1942:
1938:
1927:
1923:
1908:10.2307/2845027
1892:
1888:
1873:
1869:
1854:10.2307/2395021
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1787:
1781:
1777:
1762:10.2307/2394756
1742:
1738:
1707:
1700:
1689:
1685:
1630:
1626:
1611:
1607:
1596:
1589:
1542:
1538:
1491:
1487:
1472:10.2307/2406212
1456:
1452:
1423:
1419:
1396:10.2307/2804688
1376:
1372:
1353:
1342:
1327:
1323:
1308:
1304:
1289:
1285:
1270:
1266:
1251:
1247:
1236:
1232:
1220:
1214:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1135:on 14 July 2014
1123:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1069:Paul R. Ehrlich
1065:
1060:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1038:
873:recipient, 2000
843:Scott Arboretum
829:
783:; the Karam of
754:
724:
703:, north to the
701:Rocky Mountains
666:plate tectonics
626:
603:endomycorrhizal
599:ectomycorrhizal
529:Paul R. Ehrlich
474:
407:
358:Paul R. Ehrlich
335:
308:Shanghai, China
304:
270:
256:
252:
197:
196:
193: 2001)
188:
184:
183:Patricia Duncan
176:
173: 2000)
164:
160:
157:
149:
146: 1995)
137:
133:
130:
129:Tamra Engelhorn
122:
114:
110:
107:
88:
81:Alma mater
68:
62:
56:
54:
52:
51:
41:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7869:
7859:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7701:
7700:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7688:
7683:
7681:Peter H. Raven
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7661:Claude Allègre
7657:
7655:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7625:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7529:
7522:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7478:Graham Goodwin
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7422:
7420:
7416:
7415:
7400:
7399:
7392:
7385:
7377:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7364:
7358:
7352:
7346:
7340:
7334:
7328:
7322:
7316:
7310:
7304:
7298:
7292:
7286:
7280:
7274:
7271:Kent Holsinger
7268:
7265:Karl J. Niklas
7262:
7256:
7250:
7244:
7238:
7232:
7226:
7223:Judy Jernstedt
7220:
7214:
7207:
7205:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7191:
7185:
7179:
7173:
7167:
7161:
7155:
7149:
7143:
7137:
7131:
7125:
7119:
7113:
7107:
7101:
7095:
7089:
7083:
7077:
7071:
7065:
7059:
7056:Peter H. Raven
7052:
7050:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7042:
7036:
7030:
7024:
7018:
7012:
7006:
7003:Arthur Galston
7000:
6994:
6988:
6982:
6979:Paul J. Kramer
6976:
6970:
6964:
6961:Vernon Cheadle
6958:
6952:
6946:
6940:
6934:
6928:
6922:
6916:
6910:
6907:Edgar Anderson
6904:
6901:Katherine Esau
6898:
6891:
6889:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6875:
6869:
6863:
6857:
6851:
6845:
6839:
6833:
6827:
6821:
6815:
6809:
6803:
6797:
6791:
6785:
6779:
6773:
6767:
6761:
6755:
6749:
6743:
6737:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6714:
6708:
6702:
6696:
6690:
6684:
6678:
6672:
6666:
6660:
6654:
6648:
6642:
6636:
6630:
6627:Roland Thaxter
6624:
6618:
6612:
6606:
6600:
6594:
6588:
6582:
6576:
6570:
6564:
6558:
6552:
6546:
6540:
6533:
6531:
6527:
6526:
6518:
6517:
6510:
6503:
6495:
6486:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6469:
6466:
6461:
6459:Burton Richter
6456:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6412:Yakir Aharonov
6409:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6380:
6375:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6359:
6354:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6326:Richard Garwin
6323:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6290:Willis E. Lamb
6287:
6283:
6281:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6229:
6224:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6182:
6177:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6049:Philip Abelson
6046:
6043:
6041:Chen-Ning Yang
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6015:
6010:
6008:Bruno B. Rossi
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5965:Yoichiro Nambu
5962:
5957:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5776:John C. Slater
5773:
5768:
5763:
5759:
5757:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5663:Jacob Bjerknes
5660:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5616:
5611:
5607:
5605:
5597:
5596:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5569:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5495:
5490:
5487:
5482:
5479:
5474:
5471:
5466:
5463:
5461:James G. Glimm
5458:
5455:
5453:Elias M. Stein
5450:
5445:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5405:
5400:
5397:
5395:Shing-Tung Yau
5392:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5376:
5371:
5368:
5363:
5360:
5355:
5352:
5347:
5344:
5339:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5317:
5315:
5311:
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5156:Richard Brauer
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2708:External links
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2016:
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1736:
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1075:, 18: 586–608.
1064:
1061:
1056:botanical name
1037:
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1013:is a genus of
1006:
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987:
981:
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934:Member of the
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828:
825:
809:Guaraní people
753:
748:
723:
713:
660:In 1974, with
625:
622:
525:C. franciscana
490:C. franciscana
482:C. franciscana
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6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5970:Edward Teller
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5936:Lyman Spitzer
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5855:Hans A. Bethe
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5799:Maurice Ewing
5797:
5795:
5794:Carl Djerassi
5792:
5789:
5787:
5786:Saul Winstein
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5734:Eugene Wigner
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5719:Paul Bartlett
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5706:Louis Hammett
5704:
5702:
5701:Gregory Breit
5699:
5697:
5696:Francis Birch
5694:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5655:William Rubey
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5591:
5587:
5573:
5572:Michael Artin
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5485:Bradley Efron
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5411:Felix Browder
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5387:Stephen Smale
5385:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5334:John McCarthy
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5295:Samuel Karlin
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5105:Oscar Zariski
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5061:
5057:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4879:Ray W. Clough
4877:
4874:
4872:
4871:Alfred Y. Cho
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4741:John G. Trump
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4554:Edwin H. Land
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4502:Vannevar Bush
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4471:
4467:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:Allen J. Bard
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:JoAnne Stubbe
4371:
4369:
4368:Joanna Fowler
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4278:Susan Solomon
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4122:Melvin Calvin
4120:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4063:Yuan Tseh Lee
4061:
4059:
4058:Harry B. Gray
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4032:Gilbert Stork
4030:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3985:
3981:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3940:Bruce Alberts
3938:
3936:
3935:May Berenbaum
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:Lubert Stryer
3839:
3837:
3836:Nina Fedoroff
3834:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:Anthony Fauci
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:Harold Varmus
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3694:Lynn Margulis
3692:
3690:
3689:Jared Diamond
3687:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:Thomas Eisner
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:Maxine Singer
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3585:Paul A. Marks
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Stanley Cohen
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:Efraim Racker
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3237:James V. Neel
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3149:Horace Barker
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:Sewall Wright
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3037:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Anne Treisman
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2963:Kenneth Arrow
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:Anne Anastasi
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2759:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2596:
2581:
2575:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2401:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2294:0-12-785047-3
2290:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2273:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1601:
1594:
1592:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1042:
1039:The standard
1033:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
992:
988:
985:
982:
980:
976:
974:
970:
967:
963:
961:
957:
954:Elected as a
953:
951:
947:
944:
940:
937:
933:
930:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
882:
879:
875:
872:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
848:
844:
840:
837:
834:
831:
830:
824:
822:
818:
814:
813:South America
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
762:Tzeltal Mayan
759:
752:
747:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
721:
717:
712:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:Sierra Nevada
686:
681:
679:
675:
669:
667:
663:
658:
656:
655:amphitropical
648:
647:Southern Cone
644:
643:
637:
633:
631:
621:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
569:
563:
559:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
510:
508:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
469:
467:
466:
461:
460:
455:
454:
448:
445:
441:
440:
434:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
411:
402:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
378:In 2000, the
376:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
330:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
312:San Francisco
309:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
259:
255:
250:
247:
243:
240:
236:
232:
229:
225:
222:
218:
215:
212:
208:
204:
200:
178:
177:
151:
150:
124:
123:
106:Sally Barrett
101:
100:
98:
94:
91:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
61:(age 88)
53:June 13, 1936
48:
44:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
7680:
7671:Hubert Markl
7666:Per Andersen
7640:Mark Welland
7627:
7620:
7611:Peter Sarnak
7561:David Parker
7553:
7549:John McCanny
7531:
7524:
7517:
7473:Steve Furber
7468:David Fowler
7450:
7446:John Dainton
7331:Linda Watson
7325:Andrea Wolfe
7204:2000–present
7055:
6925:Oswald Tippo
6446:Sandra Faber
6441:Sidney Drell
6271:Leo Kadanoff
6266:James Cronin
6214:Hans Dehmelt
6149:Robert Pound
6115:Robert Sharp
5931:John Sinfelt
5898:Verner Suomi
5865:Lewis Sarett
5729:Lars Onsager
5673:Henry Eyring
5640:John Bardeen
5382:Richard Karp
5350:Allen Newell
5129:Jerzy Neyman
4754:Tung-Yen Lin
4731:Bill Hewlett
4661:Morris Cohen
4255:John W. Cahn
4156:Karl Folkers
3917:Lucy Shapiro
3867:Elaine Fuchs
3746:Ann Graybiel
3717:
3676:Janet Rowley
3658:James Watson
3650:Ruth Patrick
3493:Philip Leder
3363:Mildred Cohn
3311:Severo Ochoa
3288:E. O. Wilson
2717:
2661:
2651:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2608:
2602:
2595:
2583:. Retrieved
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2558:
2549:
2537:. Retrieved
2533:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2508:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:the original
2472:
2459:
2450:
2438:. Retrieved
2434:the original
2424:
2413:, retrieved
2408:
2387:. Retrieved
2382:
2372:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2320:
2316:
2279:
2272:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2230:
2224:
2215:
2209:
2200:
2194:
2185:
2179:
2165:
2158:
2143:
2135:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2029:
2025:
2019:
1997:(1): 71–94.
1994:
1990:
1977:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1930:
1924:
1902:(1): 21–47.
1899:
1895:
1889:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1825:10 September
1823:. Retrieved
1795:
1791:
1778:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1714:
1710:
1692:
1686:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1599:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1358:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1239:
1233:
1224:
1196:. Retrieved
1192:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1159:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:the original
1128:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:
1094:
1079:
1072:
1029:
1008:
986:Medal winner
966:Bill Clinton
918:winner, 1986
899:winner, 1992
852:ANZAAS Medal
770:
758:Brent Berlin
755:
744:
725:
709:
682:
670:
659:
652:
640:
630:disjunctions
627:
624:Biogeography
618:cytogenetics
611:
596:
591:
564:
560:
556:
537:
524:
522:
513:
511:
506:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
478:Harlan Lewis
475:
464:
459:C. rubicunda
458:
452:
447:Harlan Lewis
443:
439:C. rubicunda
438:
435:
432:
412:
408:
392:
383:
377:
374:
365:
353:
351:
336:
316:
305:
283:
282:
245:Institutions
239:Biodiversity
220:
156:Kathryn Fish
18:
7726:1936 births
7686:Carl Wunsch
7606:Roy Sambles
7571:Eric Priest
7539:Terry Lyons
7363:(2024–2025)
7361:Jenny Xiang
7277:Judith Skog
7213:(1999–2000)
6794:Aven Nelson
6399:Berni Alder
6206:Frank Press
6087:Walter Kohn
6064:George Pake
5998:Walter Munk
5921:Herman Mark
5903:Henry Taube
5691:Jesse Beams
5645:Peter Debye
5627:Harold Urey
5551:Barry Mazur
5113:John Milnor
5007:Amnon Yariv
4951:Leo Beranek
4777:Ernst Weber
4630:Abel Wolman
4221:Thomas Cech
4151:Elkan Blout
4091:Max Tishler
4008:Roger Adams
3966:Simon Levin
3432:Harry Eagle
3255:Paul Gyorgy
2947:Gary Becker
2440:24 December
2415:8 September
2356:: 214–242.
2323:: 214–242.
1390:(1): 7–13.
1240:Sierra Club
801:Fore people
789:boat people
781:Philippines
751:Ethnobotany
720:Systematics
705:Snake River
685:Cordilleran
533:coevolution
395:CRDF Global
329:, in 1960.
73:Nationality
25:Peter Raven
7710:Categories
7645:Ian Wilmut
7591:Miles Reid
7313:Gordon Uno
7301:Tom Ranker
6193:Vera Rubin
5832:Paul Flory
5493:Hyman Bass
5366:John Cocke
5269:Raoul Bott
5172:Kurt Gödel
5164:John Tukey
5121:Paul Cohen
4736:George Low
4699:Simon Ramo
3922:Leroy Hood
3723:Carl Woese
3671:Bruce Ames
3182:Ernst Mayr
2585:10 January
1952:: 161–396.
1621:(1): 3–10.
1337:: 198–200.
1280:: 208–211.
1193:Smashwords
1087:References
1019:Onagraceae
998:Member of
815:; and the
728:Camissonia
642:Nothofagus
607:Cretaceous
544:Ernst Mayr
426:Counties.
362:Onagraceae
302:Early life
57:1936-06-13
7586:Mary Rees
7458:Anne Dell
7357:(2023–24)
7351:(2022–23)
7345:(2021–22)
7339:(2020–21)
7333:(2019–20)
7327:(2018–19)
7321:(2017–18)
7315:(2016–17)
7309:(2015–16)
7303:(2014–15)
7297:(2013–14)
7291:(2012–13)
7285:(2011–12)
7279:(2010–11)
7273:(2009–10)
7196:(1998–99)
7190:(1997–98)
7184:(1996–97)
7178:(1995–96)
7172:(1994–95)
7166:(1993–94)
7160:(1992–93)
7154:(1991–92)
7148:(1990–91)
7142:(1989–90)
7136:(1988–89)
7130:(1987–88)
7124:(1986–87)
7118:(1985–86)
7049:1975–1999
6888:1950–1974
6727:1925–1949
6530:1894–1924
6188:Val Fitch
5256:Peter Lax
5026:Shu Chien
4273:John Ross
3988:Chemistry
3376:Paul Berg
2768:laureates
2631:Phytotaxa
2603:Megacorax
2129:: 1–1049.
2075:: 1–234.
2032:: 1–209.
1820:130395392
1531:206567035
1460:Evolution
1431:Evolution
1384:Brittonia
1198:2 October
1173:2 October
1168:0362-4331
1109:10 August
1073:Evolution
1046:P.H.Raven
1010:Megacorax
740:Oenothera
736:Epilobium
732:Epilobium
583:Ceanothus
571:Epilobium
472:Evolution
465:C. amoena
354:Evolution
7410:elected
7267:(2008–9)
7261:(2007–8)
7255:(2006–7)
7249:(2005–6)
7243:(2004–5)
7237:(2003–4)
7231:(2002–3)
7225:(2001–2)
7219:(2000–1)
6167:Ed Stone
3164:Jay Lush
2682:Archived
2564:28 April
2539:28 April
2514:28 April
2489:25 April
2389:31 March
2110:: 1–240.
2089:25027870
2054:89989636
2046:25027806
1933:: 43–55.
1883:: 1–134.
1731:85310607
1678:16592806
1582:28858423
1574:17743224
1412:19700807
1028:species
979:Sigma Xi
716:Taxonomy
678:Tertiary
674:endemism
614:Myrtales
575:Scaevola
405:Research
388:taxonomy
288:botanist
202:Children
76:American
65:Shanghai
7654:Foreign
7419:Fellows
7412:in 2002
7406:of the
7404:Fellows
7076:( 1978)
2730:website
2726:on the
2724:Profile
2011:2399008
1916:2845027
1862:2395021
1800:Bibcode
1770:2394756
1646:Bibcode
1554:Bibcode
1546:Science
1523:5803535
1503:Bibcode
1495:Science
1480:2406212
1404:2804688
1242:: 1–19.
1139:25 July
958:to the
905:in 1989
866:, 2003
817:Nahuatl
795:of the
777:Mindoro
773:Hanunoo
766:Chiapas
722:/Floras
592:Clarkia
588:Clarkia
540:species
514:Clarkia
507:Clarkia
502:Clarkia
486:Clarkia
444:Clarkia
195:
187:
175:
163:
159:
148:
136:
132:
121:
113:
109:
96:Spouses
67:, China
55: (
7112:(1984)
7106:(1983)
7100:(1982)
7094:(1981)
7088:(1980)
7082:(1979)
7070:(1977)
7064:(1976)
7058:(1975)
7041:(1974)
7035:(1973)
7029:(1972)
7023:(1971)
7017:(1970)
7011:(1969)
7005:(1968)
6999:(1967)
6993:(1966)
6987:(1965)
6981:(1964)
6975:(1963)
6969:(1962)
6963:(1961)
6957:(1960)
6951:(1959)
6945:(1958)
6939:(1957)
6933:(1956)
6927:(1955)
6921:(1954)
6915:(1953)
6909:(1952)
6903:(1951)
6897:(1950)
6880:(1949)
6874:(1948)
6868:(1947)
6862:(1946)
6856:(1945)
6850:(1944)
6844:(1943)
6838:(1942)
6832:(1941)
6826:(1940)
6820:(1939)
6814:(1938)
6808:(1937)
6802:(1936)
6796:(1935)
6790:(1934)
6784:(1933)
6778:(1932)
6772:(1931)
6766:(1930)
6760:(1929)
6754:(1928)
6748:(1927)
6742:(1926)
6736:(1925)
6719:(1924)
6713:(1923)
6707:(1922)
6701:(1921)
6695:(1920)
6689:(1919)
6683:(1918)
6677:(1917)
6671:(1916)
6665:(1915)
6659:(1914)
6653:(1913)
6647:(1912)
6641:(1911)
6635:(1910)
6629:(1909)
6623:(1908)
6617:(1907)
6611:(1906)
6605:(1905)
6599:(1904)
6593:(1903)
6587:(1902)
6581:(1901)
6575:(1900)
6569:(1899)
6563:(1898)
6557:(1897)
6551:(1896)
6545:(1895)
6539:(1894)
2614:27 May
2291:
2087:
2052:
2044:
2009:
1971:: 321.
1914:
1860:
1818:
1768:
1729:
1676:
1669:348662
1666:
1580:
1572:
1529:
1521:
1478:
1410:
1402:
1318:: 255.
1299:: 151.
1261:: 204.
1166:
1052:citing
1026:lichen
984:Engler
945:(FMLS)
938:, 1977
931:, 1977
924:, 1985
912:, 1988
893:, 1994
887:, 1995
880:, 2000
860:, 2003
854:, 2004
821:Mexico
807:; the
799:; the
793:Navajo
581:, and
579:Bidens
568:genera
550:, and
424:Fresno
333:Career
231:Botany
227:Fields
210:Awards
6431:2010s
6280:2000s
6129:1990s
5950:1980s
5756:1970s
5604:1960s
5523:2010s
5425:2000s
5314:1990s
5225:1980s
5146:1970s
5074:1960s
5016:2010s
4925:2000s
4817:1990s
4708:1980s
4589:1970s
4484:1960s
4395:2010s
4287:2000s
4141:1990s
4017:1980s
3998:1960s
3894:2010s
3703:2000s
3517:1990s
3335:1980s
3191:1970s
3054:1960s
2996:2010s
2937:2000s
2849:1990s
2809:1980s
2790:1960s
2085:JSTOR
2050:S2CID
2042:JSTOR
2007:JSTOR
1987:(PDF)
1912:JSTOR
1858:JSTOR
1816:S2CID
1788:(PDF)
1766:JSTOR
1727:S2CID
1578:S2CID
1527:S2CID
1476:JSTOR
1408:S2CID
1400:JSTOR
1365:30–31
1221:(PDF)
1063:Works
869:U.S.
189:(
185:
165:(
161:
138:(
134:
115:(
111:
6468:2014
6455:2012
6437:2011
6408:2009
6395:2008
6382:2007
6374:2006
6361:2005
6353:2004
6340:2003
6322:2002
6304:2001
6286:2000
6262:1999
6249:1998
6231:1997
6223:1996
6210:1995
6197:1994
6184:1993
6176:1992
6158:1991
6135:1990
6101:1989
6073:1988
6045:1987
6017:1986
5979:1983
5956:1982
5912:1979
5879:1976
5851:1975
5823:1974
5790:1973
5762:1970
5738:1969
5715:1968
5687:1967
5659:1966
5636:1965
5618:1964
5610:1963
5568:2013
5555:2012
5542:2011
5529:2010
5510:2009
5497:2007
5489:2006
5481:2005
5473:2004
5465:2003
5457:2002
5444:2001
5431:2000
5407:1999
5399:1998
5391:1997
5378:1996
5370:1995
5362:1994
5354:1993
5346:1992
5338:1991
5320:1990
5291:1989
5278:1988
5265:1987
5252:1986
5239:1983
5231:1982
5207:1979
5194:1976
5176:1975
5168:1974
5160:1973
5152:1970
5133:1969
5125:1968
5117:1967
5109:1966
5101:1965
5088:1964
5080:1963
5038:2012
5030:2011
5022:2010
5003:2009
4995:2008
4987:2007
4979:2006
4971:2005
4963:2004
4955:2003
4947:2002
4939:2001
4931:2000
4912:1999
4904:1998
4891:1996
4883:1995
4875:1994
4867:1993
4854:1992
4836:1991
4823:1990
4799:1989
4781:1988
4763:1987
4745:1986
4727:1983
4714:1982
4675:1979
4657:1976
4634:1975
4616:1974
4603:1973
4595:1970
4576:1969
4563:1968
4550:1967
4542:1966
4524:1965
4511:1964
4498:1963
4490:1962
4448:2014
4440:2013
4427:2012
4414:2011
4401:2010
4377:2009
4364:2008
4356:2007
4343:2006
4335:2005
4327:2004
4319:2002
4306:2001
4293:2000
4264:1999
4251:1998
4238:1997
4230:1996
4217:1995
4209:1994
4196:1993
4188:1992
4165:1991
4147:1990
4113:1989
4095:1988
4077:1987
4054:1986
4036:1983
4023:1982
4004:1964
3952:2014
3944:2013
3931:2012
3913:2011
3900:2010
3876:2009
3858:2008
3845:2007
3827:2006
3814:2005
3796:2004
3778:2003
3765:2002
3727:2001
3709:2000
3680:1999
3667:1998
3654:1997
3646:1996
3638:1995
3625:1994
3612:1993
3599:1992
3556:1991
3523:1990
3479:1989
3446:1988
3418:1987
3390:1986
3367:1983
3349:1982
3341:1981
3292:1979
3269:1976
3246:1975
3223:1974
3210:1973
3197:1970
3173:1969
3145:1968
3122:1967
3099:1966
3081:1965
3068:1964
3060:1963
3018:2015
3010:2014
3002:2011
2983:2009
2975:2008
2967:2005
2959:2004
2951:2003
2943:2000
2924:1999
2916:1998
2908:1997
2900:1996
2892:1995
2884:1994
2876:1992
2868:1991
2855:1990
2836:1988
2823:1987
2815:1986
2796:1964
2616:2021
2587:2016
2566:2022
2541:2022
2516:2022
2491:2013
2442:2016
2417:2010
2391:2014
2289:ISBN
2127:1, 2
1827:2017
1674:PMID
1570:PMID
1519:PMID
1200:2021
1175:2021
1164:ISSN
1141:2014
1111:2019
1024:the
695:and
691:and
639:The
601:and
462:and
422:and
420:Inyo
290:and
171:div.
144:div.
46:Born
2639:doi
2635:189
2358:doi
2325:doi
2285:660
2258:doi
2171:185
2150:132
2077:doi
2034:doi
1999:doi
1969:216
1904:doi
1850:doi
1808:doi
1758:doi
1719:doi
1664:PMC
1654:doi
1562:doi
1550:200
1511:doi
1499:165
1468:doi
1439:doi
1392:doi
845:of
811:of
803:of
418:in
372:).
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2659:.
2633:.
2607:.
2557:.
2532:.
2507:.
2462:.
2458:.
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2381:.
2354:75
2352:.
2348:.
2321:75
2319:.
2315:.
2303:^
2287:.
2254:70
2252:.
2248:.
2125:.
2108:83
2106:.
2083:.
2073:50
2071:.
2048:.
2040:.
2030:34
2028:.
2005:.
1995:70
1993:.
1989:.
1967:.
1950:37
1948:.
1910:.
1900:12
1898:.
1881:72
1879:.
1856:.
1846:61
1844:.
1814:.
1806:.
1796:50
1794:.
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1764:.
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1752:.
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1725:.
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1640:.
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1617:.
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1560:.
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1433:.
1429:.
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298:.
237:,
233:,
191:m.
167:m.
140:m.
117:m.
7396:e
7389:t
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6507:t
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