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The proliferation of the
Ukrainian language in print was part of a wider effort of Ukraine’s struggle for sovereignty and cultural self-preservation. Mohyla wanted to preserve the Ukrainian nation’s identity that had been experiencing enormous pressure from the Polish and Lithuanian regimes. He initiated the publication of sermons for the laity in Ukrainian, Biblical texts in Church Slavonic, and scientific books in Ukrainian, Polish, Greek, and Latin. Mohyla wrote several books which were distributed in Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Muscovy, Romania, and Georgia. One of his most important publications was the first Orthodox Catholic
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undeterred in his efforts to make the use of Latin in schools obligatory since it was an essential part in the curriculum in all
European schools and universities. One of Mohyla’s main arguments in favor of Latin was that students who learn it in Ukraine would have an advantage should they decide to continue their studies in other European universities, since Latin was practically the lingua franca of the scholarly world.
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Polish, and 1 Jewish. The output of these presses was not only of a religious nature. For example, in 1679 the press in
Novhorod-Siverski put out over 3,000 copies of various textbooks for elementary schools. This was a tremendous achievement due in part to Mohyla’s efforts to spread literacy among all social groups.
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and
Hegumen Antony Radyvylovskyi. In their works, epithets and similes are used to glorify the metropolitan, which include symbolic interpretation of the figures of Mohyla's family coat of arms, analogies with the sun and other natural phenomenas, characters of ancient mythology, various associations
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came under the
Russian Empire, graduates helped Nikon to introduce the Ukrainian Orthodox faith to Russians to have the common faith in Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia. Many of graduates pursued their careers in Western Europe but many traveled the countryside and taught in villages and towns. According
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in which he emphasized the need for teachers to find unique approaches to each student when teaching since their abilities varied. Applying the same requirements to all students may not be the most effective teaching method. Mohyla stressed the need for students to ponder over and understand and not
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was used, until the 17th century, as the common liturgical language in
Romanian principalities. In 1632 Mohyla became the bishop of Kyiv and abbot of he Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. Because of his ties to several European royal homes, the leadership of the Orthodox clergy entrusted him to negotiate with the
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in Kyiv. People believed that for as long the cathedral was standing, the city would be spared from destruction. Thus by restoring St. Sophia and other monuments, Mohyla, on the one hand, strengthened the
Ukrainian Church's position, and on the other, his efforts were a morale booster for the whole
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For over 20 years, Mohyla played a leading role in
Ukraine’s book printing. He was one of the first to print in the Ukrainian language. Mohyla and his followers at the Lavra and the Mohyla collegium made the first steps in formulating the fundamentals of the modern Russian and Ukrainian languages.
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Thus Petro Mohyla is credited with laying the foundation for a cultural epoch which historians call the Mohyla period. One of the attributes of this epoch was book publication. Despite the political instability in
Ukraine in the late 1600s, it had 13 printing presses, of which 9 were Ukrainian, 3
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One of the first steps in implementing this vision, Mohyla founded at the Lavra a school for young monks in 1632. The tutoring was conducted in Latin. The students studied theology, philosophy, rhetoric, and classical authors. At the same time, Mohyla significantly improved the print shop at the
542:. The first years as abbot Mohyla showed that he had far-reaching goals to reform not only the monastic life at the Lavra and the Church. He wanted to strengthen the Orthodox spirituality and enhance the sense of national identity as well as raise the educational level in the country and in all
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Petro Mohyla died in 1647, on the eve of the national liberation war of 1648–1654. In his testament, he instructed that all
Ruthenian people be literate and all his property be given to the Mohyla collegium which for nearly two centuries remained the only higher education establishment in the
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Mohyla’s innovative approach in reforming the education system by introducing Latin in the curriculum of schools and universities met some resistance when Ruthenian loyalists resorted to violent acts against teachers and educational facilities where Latin was taught. However, Mohyla remained
661:(1631), Mohyla expressed his political views about what an ideal ruler should look like. He argued that the person has to maintain peace with the neighbors; defend his lands in the times of war; a ruler is not only obligated to issue laws but first of all he should limit his own powers.
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and speeches were created in his honor, which glorified the person and the actions of the hierarch. From the 17th century 12 diverse texts in Old Ukrainian, Old Polish, and Latin are known. Among their authors are printers of the Lavra typography, professors and students of the
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The original manuscript was kept in the archives of the Roman Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith and published for the first time in a work by Ed. Smurlo (1928) and again by A.G. Welkyi in 1964. A French translation is provided by B. Dupuy in ISTINA (Jan-March
667:(1645) a Latin manuscript printed firstly in 1928 presents his "Project of Union" consisted of his own acceptance of the divine Primacy of the Roman Pontiff, while observing that the legitimate rights of the Eastern patriarchates must be respected by the West.
593:, upon his request, with a printing press and printers. In 1635 the prayer books which were published in Prince Basarab’s monastic residence were widely distributed in Wallachia (later to become Romania) and Ukraine. He helped to establish the school in
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In the 1620s, Mohyla traveled to Ukraine which at that time was in a political turmoil due to internal and external factors, in part due to Poland’s annexation of Ukrainian lands. He started preparing spiritually at his aristocratic home in
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78:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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Orthodox world. The school became an important scientific, educational, cultural, and spiritual center of Orthodox world, especially Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. Its graduates propagated ideas of humanism and national
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Historic preservation was another aspect of Mohyla's multifaceted career. He initiated substantial restoration projects of key historical monuments in Kyiv and around the country. Among them was the cathedral of
948:Українська педагогіка в персоналіях – ХІХ століття / За редакцією О.В. Сухомлинської / навчальний посібник для студентів вищих навчальних закладів, у двох книгах// «Либідь», - К., 2005, кн. 1., стор. 100-110
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simply repeat scientific, religious, and moral truths. In this and other works, Mohyla underscored the need for the younger generation to use their minds and not emotions in striving to achieve goals.
723:, as well as such famous writers and figures as Protosingel Pamva Berinda, Hieromonk Tarasii Zemka, Hieromonk Sophronii Pochaskyi, Monk Yosif Kalimon, Bishop Feodosiy Vasylevich-Baevskyi, Archbishop
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578:; philosophy; mathematics including geometry; astronomy, music, and history. Because of the high profile of the faculty, the collegium received the status of a higher educational establishment.
1177:Українська педагогіка в персоналіях – ХІХ століття / За редакцією О.В. Сухомлинської / навчальний посібник для студентів вищих навчальних закладів, у двох книгах// «Либідь», - К., 2005, кн. 1.
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Lavra where Orthodox books were published not only in Old Slavic but in Latin as well and distributed to various places in eastern Europe. Later that year, Mohyla merged this school with the
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it became the foundational document for the Church doctrine in the orthodox world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this book had 25 editions. His other notable works included
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with the name, and biblical images and plots. These works indicate a special attitude towards the metropolitan among Ukrainian church and cultural figures of the 17th century.
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642:(1646). It resembled an encyclopedia in which all Ukrainian church rites and services were systematized. In this, he did much to preserve the purity of Orthodox ritual.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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441:, who also ruled Moldavia before and after the first reign of Simion. Petro Mohyla's mother, Marghita (Margareta), was the daughter of a Moldavian
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to Greek and Roman Catholicism. The Romanians from Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Church, and
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In the next few years, Mohyla established a whole network of schools around Ukraine as well as the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy in
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526:(parliament) and the king to lift the repressive laws against the Orthodox Church and to ease the restrictions on the use of the
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1319:Митрофан (Божко), архім. Образи святителя Петра Могили, митрополита Київського і Галицького, у панегіриках і посвятах XVII ст.
964:Митрофан (Божко), архім. Образи святителя Петра Могили, митрополита Київського і Галицького, у панегіриках і посвятах XVII ст.
760:. His feast day is 1 January but he is also commemorated on 5 October, together with the other sainted Metropolitans of Kyiv.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Ukrainian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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worldwide (1640), written by him on the request of all Orthodox Catholic churches. After it was approved by several
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1321:// Труди Київської Духовної Академії. — №37. — К.: Київська духовна академія і семінарія, 2022. — С.121–139.
966:// Труди Київської Духовної Академії. — №37. — К.: Київська духовна академія і семінарія, 2022. — С.121–139.
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has tended to be more suspicious of Petro Mohyla, some believing him to be too influenced by trends in
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In 2003 a monument dedicated to Petro Mohyla was erected in Kyiv. The authors of the monument are
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is also suspicious of Petro Mohyla, but nevertheless they list him on their website as a saint.
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990:"The Orthodox Faith - Volume III - Church History - Seventeenth Century - Saint Peter Mogila"
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school and created the Mohyla Collegium which later became known as the Kyiv Mohyla Academy (
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Even during the lifetime of Metropolitan Peter Mohyla, as well as shortly after his death,
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After Mohyla's father was murdered in 1607, Mohyla and his mother sought refuge in the
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960:Гайдай Л. Історія України в особах, термінах, назвах і поняттях. — Луцьк: Вежа, 2000.
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621:"Arctos of the Russian heaven..." (mentioning of Collegia of Kijouo Mohilaeni)
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954:Довідник з історії України. За ред. І.Підкови та Р.Шуста. — К.: Генеза, 1993.
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in schools and public offices. Mohyla’s diplomatic talent paid off. King
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1361:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 646.
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Orest Subtelny, Ukraine: A History, University of Toronto Press (1988).
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Graham, Hugh F. (1 August 2018). "Peter Mogila-Metropolitan of Kyiv".
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country at a times when national unity and independence were at risk.
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Exarch of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Holy Hierarch
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Recognised by Rome alone; Recognised by both Rome and Constantinople
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Orest Subtelny, Ukraine: A History, University of Toronto Press, 1988
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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433:. His uncles, Simion's brothers, were Gheorghe Movilă, the
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1382:(third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.
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Monument to Petro Mohyla by Borys Krylov and Oles Sydoruk
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were members of this family, including Mohyla's father,
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Metropolitans of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (1620-1686)
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Metropolitans of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (1620–1686)
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Exarch of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
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31 December 1 January; 1 October 5 October, 10 October
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New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
1286:"Peter Mohila's Testimony to the Primacy of the Pope"
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and Romanian lands to equal that in Western Europe.
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1440:Mohyla, Petro in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, 2010
665:Project of a Polish nobleman of the Greek religion
1807:(As "Metropolitan of Kiev, Russia and Lithuania")
429:, through the bloodline of his great-grandfather
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472:'s castle, where they stayed for sixteen years.
96:accompanying your translation by providing an
62:Click for important translation instructions.
49:expand this article with text translated from
1878:(merged metropolises of Lithuania and Halych)
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589:. Also, he supplied the prince of Wallachia,
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1218:"Petro Mohyla | Orthodox theologian"
385:22 December] 1647) was the
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1019:Kollmann, Nancy Shields (2016).
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216:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
108:{{Translated|uk|Петро Могила}}
106:You may also add the template
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2240:17th-century Christian saints
2230:Moldavian emigrants to Poland
1140:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com
1109:(in Romanian). Archived from
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534:reinstated the status of the
2255:17th-century philanthropists
2195:Eastern Orthodox theologians
1022:The Russian Empire 1450-1801
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468:, and in 1608 they moved to
464:. For a time, they lived in
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1756:Partition of the metropolis
1587:Joseph Neliubovich-Tukalsky
1451:(public domain audiobooks)
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866:Petro Symeonovych Mohyla
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754:Romanian Orthodox Church
528:Church Slavonic language
435:Metropolitan of Moldavia
345:Romanian Orthodox Church
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1854:Metropolis of Lithuania
1424:The American Cyclopædia
1358:Encyclopædia Britannica
1222:Encyclopedia Britannica
855:Петро Симеонович Могила
769:Roman Catholic theology
750:Russian Orthodox Church
536:Eastern Orthodox Church
409:, who were a family of
395:Eastern Orthodox Church
353:Russian Orthodox Church
117:For more guidance, see
1415:Worman, J. H. (1879).
1092:, XIX, 1982, p.670-672
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257:Marghita Hâra (mother)
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1418:"Mogila, Peter"
1088:10 March 2014 at the
765:Greek Orthodox Church
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721:Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium
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511:Zacharias Kopystensky
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458:Ruthenian Voivodeship
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119:Knowledge:Translation
90:copyright attribution
1817:Metropolis of Halych
1500:Zakhariy Kopystensky
1054:arhivelenationale.ro
597:in Moldova as well.
470:Stanisław Żółkiewski
413:. Several rulers of
2225:People from Suceava
1891:Reunited Metropolis
1432:Oleksander Ohloblyn
1296:on 24 October 2012.
519:Old Church Slavonic
503:Kyiv Pechersk Lavra
466:Kamianets-Podilskyi
451:Jeremi Wiśniowiecki
447:Michał Wiśniowiecki
397:from 1633 to 1646.
321:Kyiv Pechersk Lavra
228:Kyiv Cave Monastery
2235:Ruthenian nobility
2065:Russian occupation
1901:, 1378–1441)
1514:Succeeded by
1249:The Russian Review
1103:"Femeile Moldovei"
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407:House of Movilești
313:Previous post
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1611:left-bank Ukraine
1592:Anthony Vinnytsky
1582:Dionysius Balaban
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1487:Succeeded by
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1395:Missing or empty
1388:cite encyclopedia
1284:Likoudis, James.
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695:Cossack Hetmanate
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47:You can help
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2148:Epiphanius I
2132:Philaretos I
2111:Macarius III
2072:Sede vacante
2071:
2046:Sylvester II
2040:
1603:Locum tenens
1602:
1572:Petro Mohyla
1571:
1562:Job Boretsky
1505:
1476:
1422:
1397:|title=
1377:
1356:
1314:
1294:the original
1289:
1277:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1221:
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1200:. Retrieved
1191:
1182:
1150:20 September
1148:. Retrieved
1139:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:the original
1106:
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1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1058:the original
1053:
1041:
1021:
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
993:
913:. The name "
910:
906:
901:
895:Piotr Mohyła
847:Petru Movilă
838:
806:Borys Krylov
762:
743:
713:
704:
693:. After the
687:
682:Saint Sophia
678:
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664:
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548:
532:Władysław IV
507:Job Boretsky
487:
455:
404:
379:Petro Mohyla
378:
377:
278:Consecration
239:Christianity
206:(1647-01-01)
143:Petru Movilă
136:Petro Mohyla
94:edit summary
85:
56:
53:in Ukrainian
48:
26:
18:Peter Mogila
2185:1647 deaths
2180:1596 births
2127:Volodymyr I
2106:Methodius I
2101:Demetrius I
2051:Dionysius I
2024:(1620–1686)
2006:Onesiphorus
1986:Macarius II
1794:Theognostus
1684:Theophylact
1192:mek.oszk.hu
994:www.oca.org
927:Kievan Rus'
648:Anthologion
640:Euchologion
431:Petru Rareș
293:Predecessor
2174:Categories
2096:Mstyslav I
2056:Joseph III
1981:Joseph III
1873:Theophilus
1864:Navahrudak
1719:Costantine
1716:Michael II
1710:Nikephoros
1511:1627–1633
1484:1633–1646
971:References
756:, and the
716:panegyrics
710:Veneration
628:Catechesis
491:Rubezhivka
460:, part of
182:1596-12-21
1996:Jonah III
1991:Sylvester
1976:Joseph II
1917:Gerasimus
1747:Kirill II
1004:17 August
880:romanized
860:romanized
851:Ukrainian
799:Saskatoon
732:Sainthood
611:catechism
587:Kremenets
583:Vinnytsia
544:Ruthenian
515:Orthodoxy
443:logothete
419:Wallachia
303:Successor
273:1633–1646
112:talk page
2041:Peter II
2036:Isaiah I
1971:Jonah II
1961:Macarius
1946:Spyridon
1842:Theodore
1707:Nicholas
1704:John III
1690:Teopempt
1449:LibriVox
1226:Archived
1202:3 August
1196:Archived
1144:Archived
1117:10 March
1086:Archived
1067:10 March
998:Archived
843:Romanian
813:See also
658:Triodion
601:Printing
415:Moldavia
254:(father)
235:Religion
194:Moldavia
171:Personal
88:provide
2141:Unified
2011:Michael
1941:Gregory
1921:Isidore
1913:Photius
1908:Cyprian
1845:Antoniy
1839:Gabriel
1836:Niphont
1804:Cyprian
1799:Alexius
1784:Maximus
1737:Matthew
1725:John IV
1701:John II
1693:Ephraim
1679:Michael
1374::
1346::
1329:General
1232:3 March
937:Sources
917:" is a
915:Galicia
882::
871:Russian
862::
779:Honours
655:In his
636:Trebnyk
560:Cossack
538:in the
522:Polish
499:Suceava
393:in the
389:in the
319:of the
245:Parents
190:Suceava
110:to the
92:in the
55:.
1966:Joseph
1951:Simeon
1899:Moscow
1876:Roman
1827:Halych
1774:Moscow
1743:Joseph
1731:John V
1722:Teodor
1713:Nikita
1697:George
1340:
1282:1990).
1269:125890
1267:
1029:
923:Halych
891:Polish
771:. The
752:, the
748:, the
671:Legacy
609:Great
574:, and
476:Career
437:, and
401:Family
2031:Job I
2001:Elias
1956:Jonah
1789:Peter
1740:Сyril
1265:JSTOR
1083:AIIAI
1061:(PDF)
1050:(PDF)
830:Notes
572:Greek
568:Latin
493:near
364:Feast
158:Title
72:DeepL
1687:John
1669:Kyiv
1609:(in
1401:help
1234:2020
1204:2015
1152:2015
1119:2014
1069:2014
1027:ISBN
1006:2019
789:Kyiv
763:The
595:Iași
524:Sejm
495:Kyiv
417:and
383:O.S.
287:Lviv
212:Kiev
201:Died
176:Born
86:must
84:You
1897:in
1862:in
1825:in
1772:in
1667:in
1447:at
1355:".
1257:doi
921:of
909:or
797:in
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638:or
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