29:
425:, was a eunuch from boyhood; for it came to pass at a certain burial, when a spectacle was being given at which many people were present, that the nurse who was carrying Philetaerus, still an infant, was caught in the crowd and pressed so hard that the child was incapacitated. He was a eunuch, therefore, but he was well trained and proved worthy of this trust."
366:
control, Philetaerus, especially after the death of
Seleucus, had considerable autonomy and was able with the help of his considerable wealth to increase his power and influence beyond Pergamon. There are numerous records of Philetaerus as benefactor to neighboring cities and temples, including the
347:, Lysimachus' third wife, Philetaerus deserted Lysimachus, offering himself and the important fortress of Pergamon, along with its treasury, to Seleucus, who subsequently defeated and killed Lysimachus at the
491:
Philetairos of Tios on the Black Sea, son of a Greek father and a
Paphlagonian mother, a high-ranking officer in the army of King Lysimachos and also his confidant, was the actual founder of Pergamon.
678:
170:
724:, (Loeb Classical Library) translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924) Books 10–12,
703:, Books I-II, (Loeb Classical Library) translated by W. H. S. Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. (1918)
1743:
691:
574:
327:(among others). Philetaerus first served under Antigonus. He then shifted his allegiance to Lysimachus, who, after Antigonus was killed at the
433:(the son of Philetaerus' brother also named Eumenes), who succeeded him as ruler of Pergamon, upon his death in 263 BC. With the exception of
2000:
807:
690:
of
Pompeius Trogus, translated, with Footnotes, by the Rev. John Selby Watson; London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Convent Garden (1853).
417:, explained that when Philetaerus was a baby, he was brought into a crowd where he was pressed upon and his testicles were crushed.
2239:
437:, all future Attalid rulers depicted the bust of Philetaerus on their coins, paying tribute to the founder of their dynasty.
34:
590:
For a more detailed account of the benefactions of
Philetaerus, including sources, see Hansen, pp. 18–19; see also Strabo,
737:
729:
708:
674:
659:
484:
28:
800:
2254:
398:(Pergamon's patron deity), and Pergamon's first palace, and he added considerably to the city's fortifications.
343:
Philetaerus served
Lysimachus until 282 BC, when, perhaps because of conflicts involving the court intrigues of
1924:
1816:
2005:
2065:
2051:
1919:
1904:
1059:
2209:
1914:
1899:
1874:
1851:
1831:
2113:
2098:
1909:
1894:
1879:
1864:
1821:
1793:
1004:
793:
2244:
1929:
1884:
1859:
1836:
1806:
1627:
1841:
1826:
1729:
1686:
1512:
1265:
909:
331:
in 301 BC, made
Philetaerus commander of Pergamon, where Lysimachus kept a treasury of nine thousand
304:
2156:
2088:
2074:
2069:
2060:
2046:
2032:
2022:
1889:
1811:
1739:
1724:
1691:
1681:
1557:
1270:
651:
630:
613:
591:
578:
548:
531:
506:
457:
561:
544:
2229:
2136:
2103:
2056:
2042:
1934:
1801:
1748:
1714:
1706:
1655:
1650:
1336:
1160:
1039:
973:
881:
848:
712:
617:
741:
2234:
2171:
2037:
1869:
1758:
1753:
1719:
1676:
1645:
1517:
1442:
1379:
1356:
1275:
1260:
1250:
1245:
1230:
1170:
1165:
1150:
1019:
924:
914:
876:
696:
233:
161:
2197:
2192:
2176:
2146:
2012:
1778:
1734:
1671:
1467:
1457:
1404:
1399:
1255:
1235:
1225:
1220:
1205:
1195:
1155:
1034:
1029:
1009:
999:
983:
978:
843:
429:
Philetaerus never married and, since he was a eunuch, had no children. He adopted his nephew
2182:
2161:
1964:
1783:
1635:
1210:
1190:
1107:
1097:
1064:
1014:
919:
891:
871:
833:
348:
300:
8:
2131:
2083:
2078:
1969:
1773:
1666:
1660:
1522:
1240:
1175:
1117:
1044:
1024:
988:
934:
929:
838:
356:
344:
296:
2151:
1582:
1434:
1145:
1135:
1102:
939:
858:
816:
620:
state that he was a eunuch, according to Strabo, as the result of a childhood accident.
320:
98:
2187:
2166:
2121:
1768:
1696:
1542:
1180:
1140:
955:
901:
886:
733:
725:
704:
683:
670:
655:
480:
383:. As a result, Philetaerus gained prestige and goodwill for himself and his family.
2249:
1944:
1763:
1414:
1298:
1200:
993:
968:
352:
191:
33:
Marble bust of
Philetaerus. Roman copy from 1st century AD of the Greek original.
1640:
1597:
1532:
1492:
1308:
1185:
1127:
1092:
1084:
963:
767:
665:
Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (2003) "The
Attalids of Pergamon," in Andrew Erskine, ed.,
332:
328:
245:
135:
43:
2017:
1587:
1527:
1215:
825:
177:, Greek goddess of war and wisdom, on the reverse, struck during the reign of
2223:
1985:
1974:
1472:
1462:
1419:
1384:
1112:
2027:
1990:
1954:
1607:
1592:
1507:
1447:
1409:
1389:
1374:
1049:
285:
470:
468:
466:
1567:
1562:
1502:
1487:
1424:
1369:
1346:
1341:
1054:
289:
2126:
2093:
1959:
1617:
1477:
1364:
1331:
1293:
1285:
760:
463:
434:
312:
62:
1995:
1979:
1612:
1602:
1577:
1547:
1452:
1394:
1326:
1321:
1074:
1069:
944:
866:
785:
777:
430:
406:
391:
324:
273:
178:
73:
1572:
1497:
1482:
414:
363:
277:
253:
249:
173:
Coin, depicting the head of
Philetaerus on the obverse and seated
2141:
1537:
410:
387:
376:
308:
130:
474:
386:
During his nearly forty year rule, he constructed the temple of
1552:
717:
502:
453:
422:
402:
395:
368:
316:
265:
174:
102:
94:
89:
215:
169:
380:
372:
121:
405:, though scholars differ on the reason for his castration.
375:. He also contributed troops, money and food to the city of
221:
259:
206:
200:
224:
197:
194:
218:
212:
203:
209:
477:Pergamon: The Telephos Frieze from the Great Altar
2221:
299:in 323 BC, Philetaerus became involved in the
801:
808:
794:
351:in 281 BC. Seleucus himself was killed by
27:
479:. University of Texas Press. p. 24.
475:Renée Dreyfus, Ellen Schraudolph (1996).
244:, c. 343 –263 BC) was the founder of the
16:Governor and autonomous ruler of Pergamon
654:; London: Cornell University Press Ltd.
526:
524:
168:
669:. Oxford: Blackwell: pp. 159–174.
2222:
815:
303:among Alexander's regional governors,
260:Early life and career under Lysimachus
1740:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos
789:
521:
35:Naples National Archaeological Museum
2208:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by
667:A Companion to the Hellenistic World
338:
13:
14:
2266:
379:for defense against the invading
190:
2240:3rd-century BC monarchs in Asia
623:
606:
597:
394:of Pergamon, and the temple of
584:
567:
554:
537:
512:
496:
447:
1:
2212:in most of their territories.
1010:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
640:
280:. His father Attalus (Greek:
288:and his mother Boa was from
7:
1005:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
10:
2271:
646:Hansen, Esther V. (1971).
355:, a brother of Arsinoë at
237:
122:
2206:
2112:
1943:
1850:
1792:
1705:
1626:
1433:
1355:
1307:
1284:
1126:
1083:
954:
910:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
900:
857:
824:
774:
765:
754:
749:
157:
149:
141:
129:
117:
109:
83:
79:
69:
57:
49:
42:
26:
21:
1271:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
1070:Cleopatra VII Philopator
652:Cornell University Press
648:The Attalids of Pergamon
440:
264:Philetaerus was born in
2068:'s attempted rule with
1749:Mithridates V Euergetes
1161:Antiochus III the Great
974:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
915:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
839:Alexander III the Great
362:Though nominally under
272:), a small town on the
2255:Generals of Lysimachus
1852:Monarchs of Cappadocia
1754:Mithridates VI Eupator
1276:Philip II Philoromaeus
1261:Antiochus XII Dionysus
1251:Demetrius III Eucaerus
1246:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
1231:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
1171:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
1166:Seleucus IV Philopator
1151:Seleucus II Callinicus
1050:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
925:Demetrius II Aetolicus
182:
1794:Monarchs of Commagene
1715:Mithridates I Ctistes
1256:Philip I Philadelphus
1236:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
1226:Antiochus VIII Grypus
1221:Seleucus V Philometor
1206:Antiochus VII Sidetes
1196:Antiochus VI Dionysus
1156:Seleucus III Ceraunus
1055:Berenice IV Epiphanea
1000:Ptolemy VI Philometor
984:Ptolemy IV Philopator
979:Ptolemy III Euergetes
844:Philip III Arrhidaeus
701:Description of Greece
172:
1628:Monarchs of Bithynia
1211:Alexander II Zabinas
1191:Demetrius II Nicator
1108:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
1075:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
1040:Ptolemy XI Alexander
1015:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
920:Antigonus II Gonatas
650:. Ithaca, New York:
359:a few months later.
349:Battle of Corupedium
301:Wars of the Diadochi
2210:Hellenistic satraps
1241:Antiochus X Eusebes
1176:Antiochus V Eupator
1118:Cleopatra Selene II
1045:Ptolemy XII Auletes
1030:Ptolemy X Alexander
1025:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
989:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
930:Antigonus III Doson
603:Hansen, pp. 17, 18.
573:Junianus Justinus,
297:Alexander the Great
295:After the death of
2114:Monarchs of Epirus
1947:Cimmerian Bosporus
1707:Monarchs of Pontus
1266:Cleopatra Selene I
1146:Antiochus II Theos
1136:Seleucus I Nicator
1103:Demetrius the Fair
1085:Monarchs of Cyrene
401:Philetaerus was a
183:
2245:Kings of Pergamon
2217:
2216:
1697:Socrates Chrestus
1186:Alexander I Balas
1181:Demetrius I Soter
1141:Antiochus I Soter
887:Antipater Etesias
784:
783:
775:Succeeded by
768:Ruler of Pergamon
688:Philippic History
686:, Epitome of the
684:Junianus Justinus
339:Ruler of Pergamon
167:
166:
2262:
2009:
1925:Ariobarzanes III
1299:Ptolemy Epigonos
1201:Diodotus Tryphon
994:Cleopatra I Syra
969:Ptolemy Keraunos
810:
803:
796:
787:
786:
747:
746:
634:
627:
621:
610:
604:
601:
595:
588:
582:
571:
565:
558:
552:
541:
535:
528:
519:
516:
510:
500:
494:
493:
472:
461:
451:
421:"Philetaerus of
353:Ptolemy Ceraunus
239:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
162:Greek polytheism
125:
124:
44:King of Pergamon
31:
19:
18:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2202:
2108:
2099:Mithridates III
2003:
1946:
1945:Monarchs of the
1939:
1920:Ariobarzanes II
1905:Ariarathes VIII
1846:
1832:Mithridates III
1788:
1730:Mithridates III
1701:
1622:
1429:
1357:Greco-Bactrians
1351:
1303:
1280:
1122:
1079:
964:Ptolemy I Soter
950:
896:
853:
820:
814:
780:
771:
758:
732:; Books 13–14,
643:
638:
637:
628:
624:
616:and Pausanias,
611:
607:
602:
598:
589:
585:
572:
568:
559:
555:
542:
538:
529:
522:
517:
513:
501:
497:
487:
473:
464:
452:
448:
443:
341:
329:Battle of Ipsus
262:
246:Attalid dynasty
193:
189:
181:(263 BC–241 BC)
136:Attalid dynasty
92:
88:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2268:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:340s BC births
2215:
2214:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2157:Neoptolemus II
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2052:Mithridates II
2049:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:Paerisades III
2015:
2010:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1915:Ariobarzanes I
1912:
1907:
1902:
1900:Ariarathes VII
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1875:Ariarathes III
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Mithridates II
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1725:Mithridates II
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1588:Apollodotus II
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:Cleopatra Thea
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
960:
958:
952:
951:
949:
948:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
906:
904:
898:
897:
895:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
863:
861:
855:
854:
852:
851:
846:
841:
836:
830:
828:
822:
821:
813:
812:
805:
798:
790:
782:
781:
776:
773:
764:
752:
751:
750:Regnal titles
745:
744:
715:
694:
681:
663:
642:
639:
636:
635:
622:
605:
596:
583:
566:
553:
536:
520:
518:Hansen, p. 15.
511:
495:
485:
462:
445:
444:
442:
439:
427:
426:
340:
337:
261:
258:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
133:
127:
126:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
85:
81:
80:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
40:
39:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2267:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:263 BC deaths
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2137:Neoptolemus I
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:Mithridates I
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:Paerisades IV
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Paerisades II
1984:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:Spartokos III
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1910:Ariarathes IX
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:Ariarathes VI
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:Ariarathes IV
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1865:Ariarathes II
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Antiochus III
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:Mithridates I
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1687:Nicomedes III
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1518:Demetrius III
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:Antimachus II
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:Apollodotus I
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:Eucratides II
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Euthydemus II
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1113:Ptolemy Apion
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:Cleopatra III
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
959:
957:
953:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
905:
903:
899:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
862:
860:
856:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
827:
823:
818:
811:
806:
804:
799:
797:
792:
791:
788:
779:
770:
769:
762:
757:
753:
748:
743:
739:
738:0-674-99246-6
735:
731:
730:0-674-99233-4
727:
723:
719:
716:
714:
710:
709:0-674-99104-4
706:
702:
698:
695:
693:
689:
685:
682:
680:
676:
675:1-4051-3278-7
672:
668:
664:
661:
660:0-8014-0615-3
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:
632:
626:
619:
615:
612:Both Strabo,
609:
600:
593:
587:
580:
576:
570:
563:
557:
550:
546:
540:
533:
527:
525:
515:
508:
504:
499:
492:
488:
486:0-88401-091-0
482:
478:
471:
469:
467:
459:
455:
450:
446:
438:
436:
432:
424:
420:
419:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
235:
234:Ancient Greek
229:
187:
180:
176:
171:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
134:
132:
128:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
86:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
41:
36:
30:
25:
20:
2172:Alexander II
2028:Paerisades V
1991:Spartokos IV
1955:Paerisades I
1930:Ariarathes X
1885:Ariarathes V
1860:Ariarathes I
1842:Antiochus IV
1827:Antiochus II
1759:Pharnaces II
1720:Ariobarzanes
1692:Nicomedes IV
1682:Nicomedes II
1608:Apollophanes
1593:Hippostratos
1508:Heliokles II
1468:Demetrius II
1448:Antimachus I
1410:Eucratides I
1405:Demetrius II
1390:Antimachus I
1375:Euthydemus I
1316:
1060:Ptolemy XIII
1035:Berenice III
882:Antipater II
849:Alexander IV
766:
755:
721:
700:
687:
666:
647:
625:
608:
599:
586:
569:
556:
539:
514:
498:
490:
476:
449:
428:
409:, the first
400:
385:
361:
342:
294:
281:
269:
263:
241:
185:
184:
93:(modern-day
2193:Pyrrhus III
2177:Olympias II
2147:Alexander I
2004: [
2001:Spartokos V
1870:Ariamnes II
1817:Antiochus I
1779:Pythodorida
1735:Pharnaces I
1656:Zipoetes II
1651:Nicomedes I
1568:Artemidoros
1563:Menander II
1503:Antialcidas
1488:Agathokleia
1443:Demetrius I
1435:Indo-Greeks
1425:Heliocles I
1380:Demetrius I
1370:Diodotus II
1347:Eumenes III
1342:Attalus III
1317:Philetaerus
1286:Lysimachids
1098:Berenice II
1065:Ptolemy XIV
947:(pretender)
877:Alexander V
859:Antipatrids
817:Hellenistic
772:282–263 BC
560:Pausanias,
543:Pausanias,
367:temples at
335:of silver.
290:Paphlagonia
242:Philétairos
186:Philetaerus
58:Predecessor
22:Philetaerus
2224:Categories
2183:Pyrrhus II
2162:Alcetas II
2127:Tharrhypas
2094:Gepaepyris
2066:Scribonius
1960:Satyros II
1890:Orophernes
1802:Ptolemaeus
1784:Polemon II
1677:Prusias II
1646:Zipoetes I
1618:Strato III
1543:Theophilos
1523:Philoxenus
1478:Menander I
1458:Agathocles
1400:Agathocles
1365:Diodotus I
1337:Attalus II
1332:Eumenes II
1294:Lysimachus
902:Antigonids
761:Lysimachus
641:References
577:; Strabo,
547:; Strabo,
435:Eumenes II
357:Lysimachia
313:Lysimachus
238:Φιλέταιρος
123:Φιλέταιρος
63:Lysimachus
53:282–263 BC
2167:Pyrrhus I
2132:Alcetas I
2038:Pharnaces
2013:Kamasarye
1996:Leukon II
1980:Hygiainon
1935:Archelaus
1774:Polemon I
1672:Prusias I
1613:Strato II
1603:Zoilos II
1598:Dionysios
1578:Archebius
1548:Peukolaos
1513:Polyxenos
1453:Pantaleon
1395:Pantaleon
1327:Attalus I
1322:Eumenes I
1128:Seleucids
956:Ptolemies
945:Philip VI
892:Sosthenes
872:Philip IV
867:Cassander
834:Philip II
778:Eumenes I
756:New title
722:Geography
697:Pausanias
545:1.10.3, 4
431:Eumenes I
407:Attalus I
392:acropolis
325:Babylonia
305:Antigonus
276:coast in
274:Black Sea
179:Eumenes I
99:Zonguldak
87:c. 343 BC
74:Eumenes I
70:Successor
2198:Deidamia
2179:(regent)
2152:Aeacides
2089:Aspurgus
1982:(regent)
1965:Prytanis
1807:Sames II
1663:(regent)
1636:Boteiras
1583:Telephos
1573:Hermaeus
1528:Diomedes
1498:Strato I
1483:Zoilos I
1309:Attalids
996:(regent)
935:Philip V
763:kingdom
759:part of
629:Strabo,
530:Strabo,
415:Pergamon
413:king of
364:Seleucid
321:Seleucus
278:Anatolia
268:(Greek:
254:Anatolia
250:Pergamon
158:Religion
61:part of
2250:Eunuchs
2188:Ptolemy
2142:Arybbas
2122:Admetus
2104:Cotys I
2084:Polemon
2079:Polemon
2075:Dynamis
2070:Dynamis
2061:Dynamis
2057:Asander
2047:Dynamis
2043:Asander
1970:Eumelos
1769:Arsaces
1744:Laodice
1667:Ziaelas
1661:Etazeta
1538:Epander
1533:Amyntas
940:Perseus
826:Argeads
411:Attalid
390:on the
388:Demeter
377:Cyzicus
345:Arsinoë
333:talents
309:Phrygia
282:Attalos
145:Attalus
131:Dynasty
65:kingdom
1764:Darius
1558:Nicias
1553:Thraso
1493:Lysias
819:rulers
742:
736:
728:
718:Strabo
713:
707:
692:
673:
658:
631:13.4.2
614:13.4.1
592:13.4.1
579:13.4.1
562:1.10.5
549:13.4.1
532:13.4.1
507:12.3.8
503:Strabo
483:
458:12.3.8
454:Strabo
423:Tieium
403:eunuch
396:Athena
369:Delphi
319:, and
317:Thrace
284:) was
270:Tieion
266:Tieium
175:Athena
150:Mother
142:Father
113:263 BC
103:Turkey
95:Filyos
90:Tieium
2077:with
2059:with
2045:with
2008:]
1742:with
1415:Plato
1093:Magas
618:1.8.1
441:Notes
381:Gauls
373:Delos
286:Greek
118:Greek
50:Reign
734:ISBN
726:ISBN
705:ISBN
679:text
671:ISBN
656:ISBN
575:17.2
481:ISBN
371:and
110:Died
84:Born
1641:Bas
323:in
315:in
307:in
252:in
248:of
153:Boa
2226::
2006:ru
720:,
699:,
677:.
523:^
505:,
489:.
465:^
456:,
311:,
292:.
256:.
240:,
236::
232:;
216:iː
101:,
97:,
809:e
802:t
795:v
740:.
711:.
662:.
633:.
594:.
581:.
564:.
551:.
534:.
509:.
460:.
228:/
225:s
222:ə
219:r
213:t
210:ˈ
207:ɪ
204:l
201:ɪ
198:f
195:ˌ
192:/
188:(
105:)
37:.
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