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crowd". He told of being thrilled at the sight of "all those blond boys in black leather" marching past the Führer. Sponsored by the German government, he traveled on a press tour which covered the invasion of Poland in 1939. Schulze dismissed these early political activities as inconsequential, concluding they merited "little more substantial attention than they have gained" and his politics "were driven as much by an unconquerable esthetic impulse as by fascist philosophy or playboy adventurism".
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1097:. The interior can seat 2,248 persons. It takes the form of a four-pointed star, with free-standing balconies in three points and the chancel in the fourth. The cathedral is covered with more than 10,000 rectangular pieces of glass. The Glass panels are not bolted, but glued to the structure, with a silicon based glue, to give it greater ability to resist Southern California earthquakes. Johnson and Burgee designed it to withstand an earthquake of magnitude 8.0. The tower was added in 1990.
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1301:(formerly Republic Bank Center, later, Bank of America Center), in Houston (1983), was the first postmodern skyscraper in the Houston skyline. Fifty-six stories high, it has two setbacks creating what appear to be three different buildings, one against the other. The three triangular gables were inspired by Flemish Renaissance architecture. The interior and exterior are covered with rough-textured red granite, which also covers the surrounding sidewalks.
767:. The commission resulted in the iconic bronze-and-glass tower on Park Avenue. The building was designed by Mies, and the interiors of the Four Seasons and Brasserie restaurants (later redesigned), as well as office furniture were designed by Johnson. In December 1955, the city of New York denied an architect's permit to Mies. He moved back to Chicago and put Johnson fully in charge of construction. Mies returned in late 1956 and finished the building.
542:, who had recently fled from Nazi Germany. In 1941, Johnson designed and built his first building, a house at 9 Ash Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The house, strongly influenced by Mies van der Rohe, has a wall around the lot which merges with the structure. It was used by Johnson to host social events and was eventually submitted as his graduate thesis; he sold the house after the war, and it was purchased by Harvard in 2010 and restored by 2016.
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1800:." According to Varnelis, "Johnson makes no apologetic gesture toward his past behavior unless he is confronted by direct questioning, nothing even as paltry as an open letter accounting for and regretting his past actions and condemning the motives that led him to them". Johnson's activities included organizing political rallies for populist
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cascading downward to the pool, making the sound of a rain shower. The second pool is an aerating pool with multiple illuminated spray fountains, beneath a grove of oak trees. The third fountain is the Active Pool, which challenges fit visitors to walk down 38 feet (12 meters) to the pool at the bottom, with water cascading all around them.
945:(1970–76) in Houston, Texas. The two towers of Pennzoil Place have sloping roofs covering the top seven floors and are trapezoidal in form, planned to create two large triangual areas on the site, which are occupied with glass-covered lobbies designed like greenhouses. This idea was widely copied in skyscrapers in other cities.
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In 1946, after he completed his schooling and his military service, Johnson returned to the Museum of Modern Art as a curator and writer. At the same time, he began working to establish his architectural practice. He built a small house, influenced by the work of Mies, in
Sagaponack, Long Island. In
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in
Germany and saw Hitler for the first time. Years later he would describe the event to his biographer, Franz Schulze: "You simply could not fail to be caught up in the excitement of it, by the marching songs, by the crescendo and climax of the whole thing, as Hitler came on at last to harangue the
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Johnson was an anti-Semite and a strong proponent of ruling-class power. (...) Indeed, it is difficult to think of an
American as successful as Johnson who indulged a love for Fascism as ardently and as openly. (...) Johnson would later describe Hitler as "a spellbinder"; in 1964, well after he had
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in 1942. The ongoing federal case against Dennis, an FBI investigation, and a congressional investigation investigated about 30 people, including
Johnson, but in the end he was not charged. Johnson was formally asked to appear at trial as a witness, and—by his own account—was speaking to prosecutor
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in
Houston, Texas (1992) is a notable late work. The design includes a domed chapel, a campanile, and a meditation garden, a labyrinth. Its structure is a combination of the basic forms: a cube, a sphere, and a plane. The cube contains the worship area, beneath a semi-sphere, which is presented as
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opened in 1974, is an urban landscape where visitors experience water in distinct ways. The gardens cover 4.3-acres (1.7 hectare), and comprise three very different kinds of water features; One offers a quiet meditation pool, surrounded with cypress trees and high walls, with a thin sheet of water
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Johnson continued to add to the Glass House estate during each period of his career. He added a small pavilion with columns by the lake in 1963, an art gallery set into a hillside in 1965, a postmodern sculpture gallery with a glass roof in 1970; a castle-like library with a rounded tower in 1980;
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that followed, the
Johnson Study Group—a group of 40 architects, designers, and educators—approached the Museum of Modern Art asking that honors given to Johnson be removed from public view, citing his "commitment to white supremacy", spread of Nazi publications, involvement with American fascist
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As their business flourished and number of clients grew, the feud between Burgee and
Johnson continued to grow. In 1988, the firm's name was changed to John Burgee Architects with Johnson as the "design consultant". In 1991, Johnson responded by establishing his own firm. The feud ended badly for
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report on his trip to Poland, Johnson declared that the German victory amounted to an unmitigated triumph for the Polish people and that nothing in the war's outcome need concern
Americans. Johnson went on to say that German forces had not significantly harmed Polish civilians, and said that "99
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The Glass House is a 56-foot by 32-foot glass rectangle, sited at the edge of a crest on
Johnson's estate overlooking a pond. The building's sides are glass and charcoal-painted steel; the floor, of brick, is not flush with the ground but sits 10 inches above. The interior is an open space
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The amount of power he yearned for was inversely proportional to the amount he actually attained. In politics, he proved to be a trifler, the dilettante he earlier feared himself to be, a model of futility who sought to find a messiah or to pursue messianic ends but whose most lasting following
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in Madrid (1989-1996) was originally a collaboration with Burgee and one of his rare works in Europe. It features two office buildings leaning toward each other, the first example of this style, which spread to
America. The towers are 26 stories each, and both lean by 15 degrees from vertical.
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described it in 2005 as "one of the 20th century's greatest residential structures. "Like all of Johnson's early work, it was inspired by Mies, but its pure symmetry, dark colors and closeness to the earth marked it as a personal statement; calm and ordered rather than sleek and brittle."
494:, the populist governor of Louisiana. He tried and failed to recruit Long to join the National Party, which he founded. Johnson unsuccessfully ran for representative of New London in the Ohio state legislature. After Long was assassinated in 1935, Johnson became a correspondent for
1359:(1985) of the University of Houston paid homage to forms drawn from earlier periods of architectural history, using modern materials, construction methods, and scale. The facade of the Hines building resembles, on a larger scale, the neoclassic facades of the French architect
303:, and was eventually cleared for military service. He evaded indictment and jail by cooperating with the prosecution, though, according to some critics, it was because of his social connections. Years later he would refer to these activities as "the stupidest thing I ever did
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How did Johnson, virtually alone among his Fascist associates, manage to avoid indictment? The answer may lie in the influence of powerful friends. One man in particular could well have been influential: (...) Nelson Rockefeller, who knew Johnson well from his New York
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wrote to Director Hoover, saying, "I can think of no more dangerous man to have working in an agency which possesses so many military secrets." Johnson was later investigated by the FBI, but no charges were brought against him, and he was cleared for military service.
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percent of the towns I visited since the war are not only intact but full of Polish peasants and Jewish shopkeepers." He said reports of Nazi mistreatment of Poles was "misinformed". Referring to political developments in France, Johnson wrote in
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In 1989, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the Seagram's exterior, lobby, and The Four Seasons Restaurant as official city landmarks. In 2006, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
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of Chicago. In 1994, they formed the new practice of Philip Johnson-Alan Ritchie Architects. During the next 10 years, they worked closely together and explored new directions in architecture, designing buildings as sculptural objects.
1937:. He said, "It was the stupidest thing I ever did, and I never forgive myself and I never can atone for it. There's nothing I can do... That's been torture to me ever since." He admitted to Rose that, while he had "difficulty" with
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After four years as a solo practitioner, Johnson invited Alan Ritchie to join him as a partner. Ritchie had been a partner for many years in the Johnson-Burgee office and was the partner-in-charge of the AT&T building and the
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said, "MoMA under white supremacist Philip Johnson did largely create the problem. It innovated white supremacy in architecture ... where under his leadership not a single work by any Black architect or designer was included."
1371:(1993) in Louisville, Kentucky, is a 35-story office tower built of reinforced concrete rather than the typical steel. It is topped by a concrete cupola, a vestige of the building's original owner and builder, Capital Holding.
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in New York, and in 1932 he was named its curator. As curator he arranged for American visits by Gropius and Le Corbusier, and negotiated the first American commission for Mies van der Rohe. In 1932, working with Hitchcock and
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because of his inability to achieve what he set out, he "worshiped the man" and "voted for him four times." Replying to Rose asking if he liked "strong figures", he said "Sure do. I like good architects that are strong, like
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politics, and "effective segregation" of the architectural collection at the museum. "When it comes to racist urban planning policies in the 20th century and a deeply Eurocentric antiblack archive of American architecture,"
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in lower Manhattan was one of last designs with Alan Ritchie, and was not completed after Johnson's death. It is a condominium building in lower Manhattan whose form was inspired by Johnson's most famous early work, the
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that "Lack of leadership and direction in the state has let the one group get control who always gain power in a nation's time of weakness—the Jews". In 1940 Johnson quit journalism and distanced himself from politics.
1839:, as "the American fascist" and suspected him of spying for the Germans. On the same tour, three weeks after Poland fell to the Nazis, Johnson, with Shirer, "was with German troops at the front as the guest of the
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turned out to be the agents of the FBI—who themselves finally grew bored with him. In short, he was never much of a political threat to anyone, still less an effective doer of either political good or political evil.
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Burgee; he was saddled with all of the firm's debts, while Johnson no longer had any responsibility. Burgee was eventually forced to declare bankruptcy and to retire, while Johnson continued to get commissions.
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at 885 Third Avenue in New York, nicknamed because of its resemblance to the color and shape of a stick of lipstick. A feud was beginning between the two architects, with Burgee demanding greater recognition.
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in Port Chester, New York. Architecture professor Anat Geva observed in a paper that "all critics agree that his design of the Port Chester Synagogue can be considered as his attempt to ask for forgiveness."
1287:. It is a complex of six buildings within three city blocks, covering five and a half acres. The centerpiece is the 40-story tower, One PPG Place, which has a crown of spires at the corners which suggest the
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Upon completing his studies in 1930, he made a series of trips to Europe, particularly Germany, where his family had a summer house. He visited the landmarks of classical and Gothic architecture, and joined
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2019:"Everybody should design their own home. I'm against architects designing homes. How do I know that you want to live in a picture-window Colonial? It's silly, but you might want to. Who am I to say?"
1523:(1991-1993) was also begun with Burgee. Like their earlier Postmodern works, it featured elements borrowed from historical architecture, particularly the triangular gables, borrowed from Renaissance
1111:, he built a Romanesque brick structure. His skyscrapers in the 1980s were clad in granite and marble and usually had some feature borrowed from historic architecture. In New York he designed the
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295:, which he later described as "a stirring spectacle". In 1941, after the U.S. entered the war, Johnson abruptly renounced his earlier views, quit journalism, organizing anti-Fascist league at
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that "Johnson would later describe Hitler as 'a spellbinder'; in 1964, well after he had been forced to abjure his Nazi past, he insisted in letters that Hitler was 'better than Roosevelt.'"
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the symbolic opening to heaven. The vertical rectangular granite plane divides the church and opens the chapel to light. During daytime the interior is lit entirely with natural light.
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The cathedral quickly became a Southern California landmark, but its costs helped drive the church into debt. When the church declared bankruptcy in 2012, it was purchased by the
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to leave Germany, Johnson helped arrange for them to come to work in the United States. He created a small organization called the Gray Shirts, styled after the Nazi Brownshirts.
1993:'s chief architecture and design curatorship still being named after Johnson. Doshi replied that "Life itself is due for a reckoning, and architects must give respect to life."
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842:(1960) is a good example of his work in the period; it is supported by eight external ferro-concrete piers, or two on each side. The exterior structural members are clad in
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2004:, dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Design, announced the change on December 5, 2020, citing Johnson's "widely documented white supremacist views and activities."
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Throughout the 1960s, Johnson continued to create in the vocabulary of the modernist style, designing geometrical theatres, a monastery, art galleries and gardens. The
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Johnson's publicly held archive, including architectural drawings, project records, and other papers up until 1964 are held by the Drawings and Archives Department of
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695:(1951) and the Wiley House (1953). In New York City, He designed two major modernist additions to the Museum of Modern Art; a new annex, and, to complement it, the
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321:. Today his skyscrapers are prominent features in the skylines of New York, Houston, Chicago, Detroit, Minneapolis, Pittsburgh, Atlanta, Madrid, and other cities.
3468:"Artists in Residence; Architecture: A half-dozen houses in New York and Massachusetts paint revealing pictures of their famous inhabitants' talents and times"
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2034:"We still have a monumental architecture. To me, the drive for monumentality is as inbred as the desire for food and sex, regardless of how we denigrate it."
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1898:. Johnson was accused of "close and steady contact" with Dennis in the spring of 1938, and providing financial support towards publishing Dennis's 1940 book
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It features a non-denominational chapel in a spiral form, a meditation garden and cascading fountains, tucked between buildings in the center of the city.
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Johnson was inducted into the U.S. Army in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on March 12, 1943, but controversy continued. His name arose again in the so-called "
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1843:". He wrote to a friend that "The German green uniforms made the place look gay and happy... There were not many Jews to be seen. We saw Warsaw burn and
353:. He had an older sister, Jeannette, and a younger sister, Theodate. He was descended from the Jansen family of New Amsterdam. His ancestors include the
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He also championed racist and white supremacist viewpoints in his younger years. Johnson's Nazi sympathies, for example, have been well documented (...)
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Working with John Burgee, Johnson did not confine himself to a single style and was comfortable mixing elements of modernism and postmodernism. For the
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In December 1934, Johnson abruptly left the Museum of Modern Art and began pursuing a career in journalism and politics. He first became a supporter of
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Johnson described attending Nazi rallies in Germany as "exhilarating" and attempted to found a fascist political party in the United States.
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444:, he organized the first exhibition on Modern architecture at the Museum of Modern Art. The show and their simultaneously published book
345:, Ohio, on July 8, 1906, the son of a lawyer, Homer Hosea Johnson (1862–1960), and the former Louisa Osborn Pope (1869–1957), a niece of
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about his past political views, he said, "I have no excuse (for) such unbelievable stupidity. ... I don't know how you expiate guilt."
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the first exhibition dedicated to modern architecture at the Museum of Modern Art, which gave name to the subsequent movement known as
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2013:"I got everything from someone. Nobody can be original. As Mies van der Rohe said, 'I don't want to be original. I want to be good.'"
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in Atlanta was a project begun with Burgee. It is composed of two 50-story towers joined and crowned with two classical pavilions.
2025:"Storms in this house are horrendous but thrilling. Glass shatters. Danger is one of the greatest things to use in architecture."
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1902:. Johnson had already testified in 1942 in the government case against another former associate, the German poet and journalist
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952:(1972), known as the Johnson building, adjoins the original Boston library built in the 19th century by the celebrated firm of
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In 1947, he curated the first exhibition of modern architecture of the Museum of Modern Art including a model of the glass
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In the late 1970s, Johnson combined architecture and landscape architecture to create two imaginative civic gardens. The
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divided by low walnut cabinets; a brick cylinder contains the bathroom and is the only object to reach floor to ceiling.
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After completing the Glass House, he completed two more houses in New Canaan in a style similar to the Glass House; the
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Season 3, Episode 6 of the Bad Gays podcast, a history podcast about complicated queer people, covers Johnson's life.
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been forced to abjure his Nazi past, he insisted in letters in the 1930s that Hitler was "better than Roosevelt."
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Reviewing Franz Schulze's biography of Johnson, Kazys Varnelis wrote that "between 1932 and 1940, Johnson was an
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435:, the Aluminum Company of America. With this fortune, in 1930 he financed the new architecture department of the
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Because his family had a home in Germany and spent their summers there, Johnson traveled there frequently. As a
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movements and young artists often before they became widely known. His collection of American art was strong in
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in London. During the 1980s, Johnson and Burgee completed a series of other notable postmodern landmarks. The
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2448:"Philip Johnson (obit) – Flamboyant postmodern architect whose career was marred by a flirtation with nazism"
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Goldberger, Paul (May 23, 1979). "Philip Johnson Awarded $ 100.000 Pritzker Prize." Retrieved August 1, 2011.
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later reported, "more than passing admiration for Hitler". In the summer of 1932 Johnson attended one of the
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Johnson joined Mies van der Rohe as the architect of record (Mies did not have NY license) for the 39-story
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described his works as being "widely considered among the architectural masterpieces of the 20th century".
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504:. Johnson traveled to Germany and Poland as a correspondent, where he wrote admiringly about the Nazis.
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1563:(a 26-story apartment tower in lower Manhattan), The Children's Museum in Guadalajara, Mexico, and The
939:. He began to design office building complexes for large corporations. The most prominent of these was
1665:. He came out publicly in 1993, and was regarded as "the best-known openly gay architect in America".
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2087:. Morris filmed at both sites over the course of several months, among other locations including The
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3859:"Harvard will remove Philip Johnson's name from Cambridge home that he designed as graduate student"
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In 1982, working in collaboration with John Burgee, he finished one of his most famous buildings,
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http://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/5335-a-golden-anniversary-for-a-philip-johnson-museum
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Alexandra Lange article on the preservation of the Glass House, from the November 2006 issue of
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In 1986, Johnson and Burgee moved their offices into one of their new buildings, the elliptical
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3192:"Get to Know Philip Johnson's Iconic Architecture", The "Architectural Digest", May 12, 2016
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He discussed his trips to Germany and his infatuation with fascism in a 1996 interview with
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His involvement with fascism and the Nazi party was documented in Marc Wortman's 2016 book
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In 1942, while still a student of the architecture school, Johnson tried to enlist with
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Johnson had a substantial fortune, largely due to his father's successful investment in
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in New Canaan, Connecticut, that was completed in 1949. It was clearly influenced by
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retreat on January 25, 2005, at the age of ninety-eight. His partner of 45 years,
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In 1930, Johnson became the first director of the architecture department of the
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In 1980, Johnson and Burgee completed a cathedral in a dramatic new style: the
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1947, he published the first monograph in English on the architecture of Mies.
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1745:
and he often donated important works from his collection to institutions like
663:
of Mies, an influence which Johnson never denied, but looked quite different.
39:
4841:
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4752:
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4628:
4556:
4480:
4289:
Other interviews with or about Philip Johnson on Charlie Rose at Google Video
3632:
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2198:
2001:
1908:
1875:
1808:
and his "Christian Mobilizers"; and writing for three periodicals, including
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1662:
535:
458:
361:
200:
4636:
4336:
2701:"An Architect Asks For Forgiveness: Philip Johnson's Port Chester Synagogue"
2633:"We Cannot Not Know History: Philip Johnson's Politics and Cynical Survival"
2016:"Don't build a glass house if you're worried about saving money on heating."
637:
The Four Seasons' restaurant of Seagram Building in its original form (1956)
4796:
4612:
4580:
4488:
4282:
4175:
The Man in the Glass House: Philip Johnson, Architect of the Modern Century
4170:
2080:
1934:
1835:
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747:
566:
550:
409:
268:
260:
245:
237:
4288:
3965:"Richard Rogers "Delighted" to Have Been Name-Dropped in David Bowie Song"
3809:"Sure, erase the names of history's racists. That won't undo their messes"
3516:
2831:
1915:
died of a heart attack, a mistrial was declared and the case was dropped.
1749:, and other important private museums and University collections like the
44:
Johnson aged 95, with a model of a privately commissioned sculpture (2002)
4768:
4756:
4728:
4676:
4596:
4588:
4524:
4464:
2161:"Obituary: Philip Johnson, Architecture's Restless Intellect, dies at 98"
2054:
1950:
1943:
1894:, or advocating the forcible overthrow of the U.S. government, under the
1734:
1714:
1676:
1611:
1545:
1446:
1199:
936:
728:
685:
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188:
140:
1825:
correspondent, he covered the huge Nazi rally at Nuremberg and the 1939
569:, where he spent the rest of his military service doing routine duties.
4652:
4644:
4572:
4532:
4385:
4278:
3945:
3804:
3785:"Artists Ask MoMA to Remove Philip Johnson's Name, Citing Racist Views"
2656:
2254:"Artists Ask MoMA to Remove Philip Johnson's Name, Citing Racist Views"
2065:
1985:
magazine, articles editor Charles Curkin asked Pritzker Prize laureate
1981:
1833:, traveling with him on the Nazi-sponsored press tour, labeled him in
1793:
1726:
1686:
Johnson was among the public figures at the core of the effort to save
1269:
1090:
973:
397:
373:
283:
264:
4265:
2990:"AD Classics: Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute / Philip Johnson"
2643:(2). Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture, Inc.: 92–104.
1544:
In 1995, Johnson added a postmodern element to his own residence, the
1491:
office building, a skyscraper designed as an homage to the demolished
565:, Johnson was relieved of his interrogation duties and transferred to
4736:
4472:
3924:
Johnson, Philip (1955). "The Seven Crutches of Modern Architecture".
3342:
Pierce, Lisa, "Through the Looking Glass", August 1, 2010, pp 1, A4,
2869:
1895:
1801:
1288:
1279:
1265:
720:. It had a simple interior and a ceiling of curving plaster panels.
491:
393:
354:
342:
176:
156:
152:
67:
3937:
2648:
4720:
4712:
4428:
2747:
1891:
1730:
703:
3830:"Architect Balkrishna Doshi on the need for a reckoning in design"
3518:
1941: Fighting the Shadow War: A Divided America in a World at War
3405:
2833:
1941: Fighting the Shadow War: A Divided America in a World at War
1668:
In 1934, Philip Johnson began his first serious relationship with
329:
4337:
Philip Johnson architectural drawings, 1943-1994 (bulk 1943-1970)
2960:"Four Seasons & Brasserie Restaurants, Seagram Building, NYC"
1789:
1722:
851:
847:
764:
208:
4345:
Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University
4297:(May 15, 1977). "Forms Under Light" (Profile of Philip Johnson).
3406:
Bourdon, David (May 1970). "What's Up in Art, The Castelli Clan"
1698:
in 1965 and subsequently became a New York State Historic Site.
500:, the newspaper of the radical-populist and anti-Semitic Father
4918:
People associated with the Museum of Modern Art (New York City)
2914:, p 130, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press (2006),
1008:
843:
743:
732:
3255:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
3038:"Fort Worth Water Gardens”, on Site of the City of Fort Worth.
1989:
if the architecture world was due for a reckoning, citing the
1713:
As an art collector Johnson had an eclectic eye. He supported
1527:. It is the second tallest building in the state of Michigan.
4260:
Philip Johnson bio on the Pritzker Architecture Prize website
3111:
3109:
2317:"Artists Are Calling on MoMA to Remove Philip Johnson's Name"
432:
2000:
Philip Johnson Thesis House, which was designed by Johnson.
1627:, which was completed in 2008, three years after his death.
1026:
In 1977, Johnson completed a much quieter garden in Dallas,
457:
When the rise of the Nazis in Germany forced the modernists
3368:, at Apple website, no date given, retrieved August 8, 2010
1863:
In April 1942, on reports that Johnson might be working in
1746:
1104:
and became the Roman Catholic cathedral for Orange County.
71:
3106:
3020:
2091:, the Seagram Building, Mies van der Roheʼs controversial
2022:"Architecture is the arrangement of space for excitement."
1237:(formerly Bank of America Center) in Houston, Texas (1983)
1202:
had already built smaller scale postmodern buildings, and
861:
Another major project of the period was the Atrium of the
450:, published in 1932, played a seminal role in introducing
400:, particularly the work of the Pre-Socratic philosophers.
4424:
3494:"Was Architect Philip Johnson a Nazi Spy? (book excerpt)"
2750:"If Only We Could See It: Philip Johnson's Mystery House"
2527:
2525:
2523:
2047:) in the song "Thru These Architect's Eyes" on the album
1701:
In his will Johnson left his residential compound to the
1386:
416:, and other modernists. In 1928, he met German architect
300:
1779:
1649:
In 1991, Johnson received the Golden Plate Award of the
1646:
the most prestigious international architectural award.
1433:
at the University of St. Thomas in Houston, Texas (1992)
891:, Boston, Massachusetts (1972) after its 2016 renovation
256:. In 1934, Johnson resigned his position at the museum.
2748:
Cahill, Frank M.; Harrington, Cleo M. (March 2, 2017).
2369:
2367:
2028:"A room is only as good as you feel when you're in it."
525:
3621:"Philip Johnson, the Man Who Made Architecture Amoral"
2925:
2776:"21 First Drafts: Philip Johnson's 9 Ash Street House"
2520:
2491:"Philip Johnson, the Man Who Made Architecture Amoral"
2187:"Philip Johnson, the Man Who Made Architecture Amoral"
1672:, a cabaret singer. The relationship lasted one year.
867:(formerly the New York State Theatre, the home of the
259:
During the 1930s, Johnson became an ardent admirer of
4273:
Architects on Architecture: New Directions in America
2631:
Varnelis, Kazys, Cornell University (November 1994).
2508:
572:
2836:(First ed.). New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
2441:
2439:
2364:
281:, where he published an admiring review of Hitler's
4953:
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
3683:"Famed Architect Philip Johnson's Hidden Nazi Past"
3545:"Famed Architect Philip Johnson's Hidden Nazi Past"
3050:"Catholic Renovation of Crystal Cathedral to Begin"
2806:(Report). Harvard Planning Office. 2016. p. 15
2708:
Symposium of Architecture, Culture and Spirituality
2600:"Famed Architect Philip Johnson's Hidden Nazi Past"
2343:"Famed Architect Philip Johnson's Hidden Nazi Past"
1617:The final building he designed with Richie was the
676:and a concrete block tower dedicated to his friend
447:
International Style: Modern Architecture Since 1922
4312:Abbeville Publishing Group (Abbeville Press, Inc.)
3277:
2422:(First ed.). New York: Crown. pp. 2–56.
2225:"Artists to MoMA: Take Down Philip Johnson's Name"
2043:Johnson is mentioned (along with fellow architect
1804:; funding figures such as the right-wing agitator
1759:Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts
175:(July 8, 1906 – January 25, 2005) was an American
4341:Held by the Department of Drawings & Archives
3380:"David Whitney, 66, Renowned Art Collector, Dies"
3130:"The Bank of America Center-Houston Architecture"
2436:
2031:"Merely that a building works is not sufficient."
240:and negotiated the first American commission for
187:. Among his best-known designs are his modernist
4839:
4254:Philip Johnson article at Great Buildings Online
4113:Prina, Francesca; Demaratini, Demartini (2006).
1642:. In 1979, he became the first recipient of the
1277:Between 1979 and 1984, Johnson and Burgee built
1089:in Garden Grove, California, is a soaring glass
1036:
653:In 1949, he began building a new residence, the
4938:Fellows of the American Institute of Architects
4913:United States National Medal of Arts recipients
4234:Philip Johnson: Diary of an Eccentric Architect
4112:
3923:
3852:
3850:
3712:"Philip Johnson: An Essay by Robert A.M. Stern"
3275:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2773:
1220:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
3902:(Interview). Interviewed by John H. Richardson
3893:
3159:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 6–7.
3080:
2922:, retrieved via Google Books on August 8, 2010
1708:
4410:
4094:Taschen, Aurelia; Taschen, Balthazar (2016).
3889:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3676:
3674:
3284:. Vol. 2. Taylor & Francis. p.
2946:"The Nazi who built Israel a nuclear reactor"
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2471:"The Nazi who built Israel a nuclear reactor"
1996:In 2020, Johnson's name was dropped from the
774:
317:. In 1979, he was the first recipient of the
232:in New York. There he arranged for visits by
4275:, p. 279. New York: Walker and Company.
3847:
3743:
3741:
3739:
2818:
2681:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4883:Modernist architects from the United States
3315:. University of Chicago Press. p. 93.
3280:Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2154:
2152:
1776:, the Getty, and the Museum of Modern Art.
1218:. It was designated a city landmark by the
4417:
4403:
3876:
3747:Interview with Charlie Rose (July 8, 1996)
3671:
2898:https://www.newspapers.com/image/332637670
2537:
2420:Prequel: an American fight against fascism
2291:"Was Architect Philip Johnson a Nazi Spy?"
2158:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2064:, a 2003 documentary about Kahn's father,
1829:with approval. The American correspondent
684:; a chain-link "ghost house" dedicated to
485:
211:; the Sculpture Garden of New York City's
38:
3736:
3598:"Don't forget Philip Johnson's Nazi past"
2071:Philip Johnson's Glass House, along with
1770:Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library
1115:(now the Paley Center for Media) (1991).
697:Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden
4868:Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
4357:"Philip Johnson Biography and Interview"
4134:Les styles en architecture- guide visuel
4053:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3654:"Philip Johnson FBI file, part 1. pg 84"
3596:Hurowitz, Richard (September 26, 2016).
3595:
2943:
2911:Women and the Making of the Modern House
2630:
2617:
2561:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2468:
1873:United States Assistant Attorney General
1869:Office of the Coordinator of Information
1703:National Trust for Historic Preservation
722:
328:
324:
4928:Architects of the Boston Public Library
4169:
4150:
4131:
4093:
4046:
3856:
3680:
3562:Shirer, William L. (October 23, 2011).
3542:
3514:
3491:
3377:
3308:
3115:
3026:
2931:
2829:
2554:
2531:
2288:
2129:
930:Paley Center for Media, New York (1991)
426:1929 Barcelona International Exposition
4840:
4191:
4098:(in French). Bibliotheca Universalis.
3992:"Film and Architecture 'My Architect'"
3962:
3827:
3561:
3154:
2970:from the original on November 18, 2021
2893:The Sunday Star, Washington, DC, pg 68
2514:
2417:
1387:Later career and buildings (1991–2005)
839:Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute
805:Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute
388:, then studied as an undergraduate at
360:, who laid out the first town plan of
19:For other people named similarly, see
4398:
4373:Philip Johnson architectural projects
4115:Petite encyclopédie de l'architecture
4024:from the original on December 9, 2020
3803:
3797:
3706:
3618:
3465:
3443:Frederic Church's Olana on the Hudson
3359:"Philip Johnson: A Glass House Opens"
3351:
3203:"Music Academy is Architect's Finale"
3077:Architectural Daily - Great Buildings
3047:
2694:
2692:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2445:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2222:
2184:
2159:Goldberger, Paul (January 27, 2005).
2117:Fascist movement in the United States
2038:
1780:Controversy over political activities
1283:, the postmodern headquarters of the
563:trial of Dennis and his collaborators
4153:Architecture contemporaine- le guide
4074:
3828:Curkin, Charles (December 2, 2020).
3782:
3041:
2340:
2314:
2251:
856:National Register of Historic Places
526:Architecture school and Army service
420:, who was at the time designing the
392:where he focused on learning Greek,
215:; and the Pre-Columbian Pavilion at
4908:Pritzker Architecture Prize winners
4888:People from New Canaan, Connecticut
4285:(July 8, 1996) Retrieved March 2021
3896:"Philip Johnson: What I've Learned"
3336:
3269:
3127:
2902:
2858:
2801:Harvard University Town Gown Report
2774:Sisson, Patrick (August 20, 2015).
2597:
2093:860–880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments
1927:Congregation Kneses Tifereth Israel
1445:"Da Monsta" entry pavilion for the
1316:at the University of Houston (1985)
709:Congregation Kneses Tifereth Israel
13:
4351:The Architecture of Philip Johnson
4211:
3857:Hickman, Matt (December 8, 2020).
3619:Saval, Nikil (December 12, 2018).
3492:Lamster, Mark (October 31, 2018).
3181:"Structurae.com, "Peachtree Tower"
2689:
2637:Journal of Architectural Education
2582:
2489:Saval, Nikil (December 12, 2018).
2477:
2446:Saint, Andrew (January 28, 2005).
2402:
2289:Lamster, Mark (October 31, 2018).
2185:Saval, Nikil (December 12, 2018).
1900:The Dynamics of War and Revolution
1683:, died later that year at age 66.
1093:originally built for the Reverend
573:Early Modernist period (1946–1960)
287:. In 1939, as a correspondent for
14:
4974:
4318:
4217:Lacayo, Richard (June 28, 2007).
4194:A History of Western Architecture
3963:Fixsen, Anna (January 18, 2016).
3496:. New York Magazine Intelligencer
3048:Rojas, Rick (November 26, 2013).
2223:Budds, Diana (December 1, 2020).
1925:In 1956, he donated a design for
1675:Johnson died in his sleep at his
1600:in Lancaster, Pennsylvania (2008)
1464:towers in Madrid, Spain (1989–96)
1449:in New Canaan, Connecticut (1995)
1344:The concrete tower and cupola of
1078:Interior of the Cathedral in 2004
1066:Interior of the Crystal Cathedral
831:in New York City (completed 1964)
532:Harvard Graduate School of Design
103:Harvard Graduate School of Design
4963:American people of Dutch descent
4943:Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal
4863:20th-century American architects
4266:Philip Johnson and Charlie Rose.
3894:Philip Johnson (February 1999).
3783:Bahr, Sarah (December 3, 2020).
3378:Kennedy, Randy (June 14, 2005).
2944:Mashiach, Itay (June 14, 2024).
2895:. June 23, 1918. Newspapers.com.
2698:
2469:Mashiach, Itay (June 14, 2024).
2315:Nast, Condé (December 3, 2020).
2252:Bahr, Sarah (December 3, 2020).
1847:. It was a stirring spectacle."
1705:. It is now open to the public.
1656:
1637:American Institute of Architects
1635:In 1978, Johnson was awarded an
1590:
1574:
1469:
1454:
1438:
1423:
1408:
1403:in Detroit, Michigan (1991–1993)
1393:
1337:
1321:
1306:
1258:
1242:
1227:
1165:
1150:
1135:
1120:
1102:Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange
1071:
1059:
1043:
996:
981:
961:
923:
911:
896:
880:
816:
797:
781:
714:conservative Jewish congregation
630:
625:(designed 1945–7) for comparison
611:
595:
579:
312:American Institute of Architects
21:Phillip Johnson (disambiguation)
4382:at the Getty Research Institute
4375:at the Getty Research Institute
4365:American Academy of Achievement
4262:. Retrieved September 27, 2003.
4256:. Retrieved September 27, 2003.
4096:L'Architecture Moderne de A à Z
4040:
4006:
3984:
3956:
3917:
3821:
3776:
3750:
3700:
3681:Wortman, Marc (April 4, 2016).
3646:
3612:
3589:
3555:
3543:Wortman, Marc (April 4, 2016).
3508:
3485:
3466:Smith, Roberta (May 30, 1999).
3459:
3435:
3417:
3399:
3371:
3302:
3263:American Academy of Achievement
3247:
3221:
3195:
3184:
3173:
3148:
3121:
3069:
3032:
3008:
2982:
2952:
2937:
2884:
2793:
2767:
2741:
2722:
2462:
2112:List of works by Philip Johnson
2060:He appears in Nathaniel Kahn's
1651:American Academy of Achievement
1585:condominiums in New York (2006)
1190:. It was not the first work of
727:Soreq Nuclear Research Center,
219:. His January 2005 obituary in
4196:. London: Barrie and Jenkins.
3568:. Rosetta Books. p. 241.
3157:The Encyclopedia of Louisville
2376:
2334:
2308:
2282:
2245:
2216:
2178:
1348:in Louisville, Kentucky (1993)
1285:Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company
1113:Museum of Television and Radio
852:Brussels' World's Fair of 1958
738:In 1957, Johnson designed the
16:American architect (1906–2005)
1:
4898:Architects from New York City
4177:. Little, Brown and Company.
4050:Philip Johnson: Life and Work
3424:Glass House history chapter 1
3312:Philip Johnson: Life and Work
3276:George Haggerty, ed. (2000).
2730:1941: Fighting the Shadow War
2558:Philip Johnson: Life and Work
2341:Nast, Condé (April 4, 2016).
2122:
2007:
1620:Pennsylvania Academy of Music
1551:Other late works include the
1356:Hines College of Architecture
1314:Hines College of Architecture
1037:Postmodern period (1980–1990)
906:in Houston, Texas (1970–1976)
763:, the daughter of the CEO of
740:Soreq Nuclear Research Center
478:Philip Johnson: Life and Work
299:. He was investigated by the
248:. In 1932, he organized with
4923:People from New London, Ohio
4308:The Houses of Philip Johnson
2868:. IDS Center. Archived from
1962:In 2020, in the wake of the
1694:, before it was dedicated a
1614:in New Canaan, Connecticut.
7:
4426:Pritzker Architecture Prize
4330:September 27, 2007, at the
2105:
1709:Art collection and archives
1644:Pritzker Architecture Prize
1554:Cathedral of Hope in Dallas
1479:in Chicago, Illinois (1987)
319:Pritzker Architecture Prize
310:In 1978, he was awarded an
10:
4979:
3521:. Atlantic Monthly Press.
2964:NYIT Architectural History
1696:National Historic Landmark
775:Late Modernism (1960–1980)
18:
4893:Architects from Cleveland
4435:
4271:Heyer, Paul, ed. (1966).
4155:(in French). Flammarion.
3863:The Architect's Newspaper
3429:October 11, 2011, at the
3364:February 8, 2010, at the
2891:"At Camp Humphreys, Va".
1630:
1353:The new building for the
918:Pennzoil Place from above
205:190 South La Salle Street
203:, designed for AT&T;
166:
136:
132:
116:
108:
98:
79:
49:
37:
30:
4565:Christian de Portzamparc
4306:Jenkins, Stover, et al.
4151:De Bure, Gilles (2015).
3414:. Accessed June 9, 2010.
3348:of Stamford, Connecticut
3155:Kleber, John E. (2001).
2966:. YouTube. May 4, 2012.
1904:George Sylvester Viereck
1792:sympathizer, and active
1538:University of St. Thomas
1019:Fort Worth Water Gardens
990:Fort Worth Water Gardens
970:Fort Worth Water Gardens
948:The new building of the
887:The Johnson Building at
702:In 1954–56, he made the
553:, to interrogate German
534:, where he studied with
511:, Johnson expressed, as
454:to the American public.
418:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
307:I never can atone for".
291:, he witnessed Hitler's
173:Philip Cortelyou Johnson
54:Philip Cortelyou Johnson
4229:. Retrieved March 2021.
4079:(in French). Larousse.
4047:Schulze, Franz (1996).
3913:(subscription required)
3309:Schulze, Franz (1996).
3134:HoustonArchitecture.com
2555:Schulze, Franz (1996).
2418:Maddow, Rachel (2023).
2089:Four Seasons Restaurant
1918:In 1993, when asked by
1625:Lancaster, Pennsylvania
1216:postmodern architecture
1192:postmodern architecture
954:McKim, Mead & White
792:in Washington DC (1960)
486:Politics and journalism
406:Henry-Russell Hitchcock
376:and was diagnosed with
250:Henry-Russell Hitchcock
193:New Canaan, Connecticut
185:postmodern architecture
91:New Canaan, Connecticut
4873:LGBTQ people from Ohio
4705:Eduardo Souto de Moura
4621:Herzog & de Meuron
4242:"Extending the Legacy"
4238:. Retrieved March 2021
4192:Watkin, David (1986).
4132:Hopkins, Owen (2014).
4077:L'Architecture Moderne
4014:"S3E6: Philip Johnson"
3515:Wortman, Marc (2016).
2830:Wortman, Marc (2016).
2732:. It was excerpted by
1964:murder of George Floyd
1719:Abstract expressionism
788:Monastery building at
735:
718:Port Chester, New York
567:Fort Belvoir, Virginia
551:Fort Ritchie, Maryland
473:
349:and a first cousin of
338:
4933:Hackley School alumni
4903:Postmodern architects
4661:Paulo Mendes da Rocha
4380:Philip Johnson papers
4268:Retrieved March 2021.
4220:Splendor in The Glass
3088:"Garden Grove Church"
2079:, was the subject of
1979:In a 2020 article in
1939:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1755:Sheldon Museum of Art
1692:Frederic Edwin Church
1361:Claude Nicolas Ledoux
1188:Chippendale furniture
1003:The spiral chapel in
950:Boston Public Library
889:Boston Public Library
864:David H. Koch Theater
846:and "black" Canadian
746:at the invitation of
726:
680:, the founder of the
468:
332:
325:Early life and career
297:Harvard Design School
263:, openly praised the
4809:Diébédo Francis Kéré
4801:Jean-Philippe Vassal
4291:Retrieved March 2021
4136:(in French). Dunod.
4117:(in French). Solar.
3970:Architectural Record
3717:Architectural Record
2908:Friedman, Alice T.,
2321:Architectural Digest
1991:Museum of Modern Art
1884:Great Sedition Trial
1525:Flemish architecture
1332:in Manhattan, (1986)
1293:Houses of Parliament
1109:Cleveland Play House
1028:Thanks-Giving Square
1005:Thanks-Giving Square
869:New York City Ballet
712:, a synagogue for a
682:New York City Ballet
437:Museum of Modern Art
351:Theodate Pope Riddle
341:Johnson was born in
271:views. He wrote for
230:Museum of Modern Art
213:Museum of Modern Art
4361:www.achievement.org
4075:Bony, Anne (2012).
3764:. January 18, 2021
3708:Stern, Robert A. M.
3259:www.achievement.org
3118:, pp. 314–317.
3029:, pp. 315–317.
2754:The Harvard Crimson
2663:on November 8, 2010
2384:"Forms Under Light"
1845:Modlin being bombed
1841:Propaganda Ministry
1774:Columbia University
1765:among many others.
1763:Stanford University
1751:Norton Simon Museum
1739:Lyrical Abstraction
1560:Habitable Sculpture
1533:Chapel of St. Basil
1511:191 Peachtree Tower
1431:Chapel of St. Basil
1416:191 Peachtree Tower
1401:Ally Detroit Center
476:Franz Schulze,
452:modern architecture
442:Alfred H. Barr, Jr.
386:Tarrytown, New York
254:International Style
4817:David Chipperfield
4549:Álvaro Siza Vieira
4279:One hour interview
4236:, 1997 documentary
4020:. April 28, 2020.
3807:(March 26, 2021).
3385:The New York Times
3092:GreatBuildings.com
2258:The New York Times
2165:The New York Times
2039:In popular culture
1998:Harvard University
1968:place name changes
1911:, but after Judge
1827:invasion of Poland
1206:had completed the
1183:550 Madison Avenue
1174:550 Madison Avenue
1159:550 Madison Avenue
1144:550 Madison Avenue
1128:550 Madison Avenue
1095:Robert H. Schuller
825:David Koch Theater
790:St. Anselm's Abbey
736:
669:The New York Times
547:Naval Intelligence
514:The New York Times
390:Harvard University
380:. He attended the
347:Alfred Atmore Pope
339:
293:invasion of Poland
222:The New York Times
197:550 Madison Avenue
149:550 Madison Avenue
147:'s 2 restaurants,
4948:American fascists
4835:
4834:
4745:Alejandro Aravena
4184:978-0-316-12643-4
4162:978-2-08-134385-6
4143:978-2-10-070689-1
4105:978-3-8365-5630-9
4086:978-2-03-587641-6
4060:978-0-226-74058-4
3575:978-0-7953-1698-2
3528:978-1-5318-6502-3
3472:The Baltimore Sun
3452:978-0-8478-6311-2
3322:978-0-226-74058-4
3295:978-0-8153-1880-4
3207:Los Angeles Times
3055:Los Angeles Times
2920:978-0-300-11789-9
2843:978-0-8021-2511-8
2568:978-0-226-74058-4
2429:978-0-593-44451-1
2295:New York Magazine
2073:Mies van der Rohe
1831:William L. Shirer
1743:Neo-Expressionism
1607:Urban Glass House
1583:Urban Glass House
1488:190 South LaSalle
1477:190 South LaSalle
1418:in Atlanta (1991)
1376:Lipstick Building
1330:Lipstick Building
1208:Portland Building
1086:Crystal Cathedral
1052:Crystal Cathedral
519:Nuremberg Rallies
463:Mies van der Rohe
358:Jacques Cortelyou
242:Mies van der Rohe
195:; the postmodern
170:
169:
161:Crystal Cathedral
4970:
4878:LGBTQ architects
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4792:
4789:Shelley McNamara
4780:
4772:
4764:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4688:
4680:
4672:
4664:
4656:
4648:
4640:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4552:
4544:
4536:
4528:
4520:
4508:
4500:
4492:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4396:
4395:
4378:Finding aid for
4371:Finding aid for
4368:
4207:
4188:
4166:
4147:
4128:
4109:
4090:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4018:Bad Gays Podcast
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3960:
3954:
3949:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3891:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3854:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3720:. Archived from
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3658:Internet Archive
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3600:. Jerusalem Post
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3540:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3439:
3433:
3421:
3415:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3375:
3369:
3355:
3349:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3283:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3233:Usaarcitects.com
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3199:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3128:Lorentz, Wayne.
3125:
3119:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3084:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2906:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2866:"PHILIP JOHNSON"
2862:
2856:
2855:
2827:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2745:
2739:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2659:. Archived from
2628:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2595:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2552:
2535:
2529:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2486:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2415:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2156:
2097:Newberry Library
2095:, and Chicagoʼs
2085:Points on a Line
2077:Farnsworth House
1987:Balkrishna Doshi
1966:and the wave of
1913:Edward C. Eicher
1810:Charles Coughlin
1594:
1578:
1473:
1458:
1442:
1427:
1412:
1397:
1341:
1325:
1310:
1298:TC Energy Center
1262:
1253:, Houston (1983)
1251:TC Energy Center
1246:
1235:TC Energy Center
1231:
1212:Portland, Oregon
1169:
1154:
1139:
1124:
1075:
1063:
1047:
1000:
985:
965:
927:
915:
900:
884:
820:
801:
785:
756:Seagram Building
678:Lincoln Kirstein
661:Farnsworth House
648:Farnsworth House
634:
619:Farnsworth House
615:
602:Interior of the
599:
583:
555:prisoners of war
502:Charles Coughlin
481:
370:New London, Ohio
368:. He grew up in
366:Peter Stuyvesant
337:January 18, 1933
335:Carl Van Vechten
306:
244:, after he fled
145:Seagram Building
86:
83:January 25, 2005
63:
61:
42:
28:
27:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4823:
4815:
4807:
4795:
4783:
4775:
4767:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4727:
4719:
4711:
4703:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4531:
4523:
4513:Gordon Bunshaft
4511:
4503:
4495:
4487:
4479:
4471:
4463:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4431:
4423:
4355:
4332:Wayback Machine
4321:
4295:Tomkins, Calvin
4214:
4212:Further reading
4204:
4185:
4163:
4144:
4125:
4106:
4087:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4027:
4025:
4012:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3961:
3957:
3938:10.2307/1566834
3922:
3918:
3912:
3905:
3903:
3892:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3855:
3848:
3838:
3836:
3826:
3822:
3814:Washington Post
3802:
3798:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3705:
3701:
3691:
3689:
3679:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3635:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3601:
3594:
3590:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3560:
3556:
3529:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3431:Wayback Machine
3422:
3418:
3404:
3400:
3390:
3388:
3376:
3372:
3366:Wayback Machine
3356:
3352:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3274:
3270:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3126:
3122:
3114:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2907:
2903:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2872:on July 9, 2014
2864:
2863:
2859:
2844:
2828:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2746:
2742:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2703:
2697:
2690:
2674:
2673:
2666:
2664:
2649:10.2307/1425400
2629:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2598:Wortman, Marc.
2596:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2553:
2538:
2530:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2487:
2478:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2416:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2365:
2351:
2349:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2287:
2283:
2270:
2268:
2250:
2246:
2233:
2231:
2221:
2217:
2203:
2201:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2157:
2130:
2125:
2108:
2041:
2010:
1973:V. Mitch McEwen
1888:Lawrence Dennis
1865:Colonel Donovan
1798:Nazi government
1782:
1711:
1659:
1633:
1601:
1598:The Ware Center
1595:
1586:
1579:
1566:Chrysler Center
1480:
1474:
1465:
1459:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1389:
1368:400 West Market
1349:
1346:400 West Market
1342:
1333:
1328:The elliptical
1326:
1317:
1311:
1273:
1263:
1254:
1247:
1238:
1232:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1146:
1140:
1131:
1125:
1079:
1076:
1067:
1064:
1055:
1054:(finished 1980)
1048:
1039:
1012:
1001:
992:
986:
977:
966:
931:
928:
919:
916:
907:
901:
892:
885:
832:
821:
812:
809:Utica, New York
802:
793:
786:
777:
761:Phyllis Lambert
638:
635:
626:
616:
607:
600:
591:
584:
575:
559:Lawrence Dennis
528:
488:
483:
475:
422:German Pavilion
327:
304:
267:, and espoused
124:
99:Alma mater
94:
88:
84:
75:
65:
59:
57:
56:
55:
45:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4976:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4858:AIGA medalists
4855:
4850:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4825:Riken Yamamoto
4821:
4813:
4805:
4793:
4785:Yvonne Farrell
4781:
4773:
4765:
4749:
4741:
4733:
4725:
4717:
4709:
4701:
4697:Ryue Nishizawa
4689:
4681:
4673:
4669:Richard Rogers
4665:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4609:
4601:
4593:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4541:Robert Venturi
4537:
4529:
4521:
4517:Oscar Niemeyer
4509:
4501:
4497:Gottfried Böhm
4493:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4457:James Stirling
4453:
4445:
4441:Philip Johnson
4436:
4433:
4432:
4422:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4386:Philip Johnson
4383:
4376:
4369:
4353:
4348:
4334:
4320:
4319:External links
4317:
4316:
4315:
4304:
4300:The New Yorker
4292:
4286:
4276:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4239:
4230:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4202:
4189:
4183:
4167:
4161:
4148:
4142:
4129:
4123:
4110:
4104:
4091:
4085:
4072:
4059:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4005:
3994:. June 4, 2012
3983:
3955:
3916:
3875:
3846:
3820:
3796:
3790:New York Times
3775:
3749:
3735:
3724:on May 7, 2005
3699:
3670:
3645:
3625:The New Yorker
3611:
3588:
3574:
3554:
3527:
3507:
3484:
3458:
3451:
3434:
3416:
3398:
3370:
3357:Gutoff, Bija,
3350:
3335:
3321:
3301:
3294:
3268:
3246:
3220:
3209:. May 20, 2006
3194:
3183:
3172:
3165:
3147:
3120:
3105:
3079:
3068:
3040:
3031:
3019:
3014:Asad Syrkett,
3007:
2981:
2951:
2936:
2934:, p. 317.
2924:
2901:
2883:
2857:
2842:
2817:
2792:
2766:
2740:
2721:
2688:
2616:
2581:
2567:
2536:
2534:, p. 314.
2519:
2517:, p. 573.
2507:
2476:
2461:
2435:
2428:
2401:
2390:. May 15, 1977
2388:The New Yorker
2375:
2363:
2333:
2307:
2281:
2244:
2215:
2191:The New Yorker
2177:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2045:Richard Rogers
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2006:
1956:The New Yorker
1857:Social Justice
1852:Social Justice
1823:Social Justice
1815:Social Justice
1806:Joe McWilliams
1781:
1778:
1710:
1707:
1690:, the home of
1670:Jimmie Daniels
1658:
1655:
1632:
1629:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1520:Comerica Tower
1502:Gate of Europe
1493:Masonic Temple
1482:
1481:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1462:Gate of Europe
1460:
1453:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1422:
1420:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1312:
1305:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1257:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1204:Michael Graves
1196:Robert Venturi
1178:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1126:
1119:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1014:
1013:
1002:
995:
993:
987:
980:
978:
976:, Texas (1974)
967:
960:
942:Pennzoil Place
933:
932:
929:
922:
920:
917:
910:
908:
904:Pennzoil Place
902:
895:
893:
886:
879:
873:Lincoln Center
834:
833:
829:Lincoln Center
822:
815:
813:
803:
796:
794:
787:
780:
776:
773:
640:
639:
636:
629:
627:
617:
610:
608:
601:
594:
592:
585:
578:
574:
571:
540:Walter Gropius
527:
524:
509:Social Justice
497:Social Justice
487:
484:
467:
414:Walter Gropius
396:, history and
382:Hackley School
326:
323:
289:Social Justice
274:Social Justice
234:Walter Gropius
217:Dumbarton Oaks
168:
167:
164:
163:
138:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:AIA Gold Medal
121:Pritzker Prize
118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
89:
87:(aged 98)
81:
77:
76:
66:
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
32:Philip Johnson
31:
15:
9:
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536:Marcel Breuer
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480:(1994), p.144
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4958:Ritchie Boys
4797:Anne Lacaton
4613:Rem Koolhaas
4581:Rafael Moneo
4489:Hans Hollein
4440:
4360:
4310:, New York:
4307:
4298:
4283:Charlie Rose
4272:
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4224:
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4174:
4152:
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4114:
4095:
4076:
4064:. Retrieved
4049:
4041:Bibliography
4026:. Retrieved
4017:
4008:
3996:. Retrieved
3986:
3976:December 25,
3974:. Retrieved
3968:
3958:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3904:. Retrieved
3899:
3866:. Retrieved
3862:
3837:. Retrieved
3833:
3823:
3812:
3799:
3788:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3761:
3752:
3726:. Retrieved
3722:the original
3715:
3710:(May 2005).
3702:
3690:. Retrieved
3686:
3661:. Retrieved
3657:
3648:
3638:February 12,
3636:. Retrieved
3624:
3614:
3602:. Retrieved
3591:
3579:. Retrieved
3565:Berlin Diary
3564:
3557:
3548:
3541:. Quoted in
3517:
3510:
3498:. Retrieved
3487:
3475:. Retrieved
3471:
3461:
3442:
3437:
3419:
3409:
3401:
3389:. Retrieved
3383:
3373:
3353:
3345:The Advocate
3343:
3338:
3326:. Retrieved
3311:
3304:
3279:
3271:
3258:
3249:
3237:. Retrieved
3232:
3223:
3211:. Retrieved
3206:
3197:
3186:
3175:
3156:
3150:
3138:. Retrieved
3136:. Draloc LLC
3133:
3123:
3116:Taschen 2016
3096:. Retrieved
3091:
3082:
3071:
3059:. Retrieved
3053:
3043:
3034:
3027:Taschen 2016
3022:
3010:
2998:. Retrieved
2996:. April 2014
2993:
2984:
2972:. Retrieved
2963:
2954:
2939:
2932:Taschen 2016
2927:
2910:
2904:
2892:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2870:the original
2860:
2832:
2808:. Retrieved
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2779:
2769:
2757:. Retrieved
2753:
2743:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2712:. Retrieved
2707:
2699:Geva, Anat.
2677:cite journal
2665:. Retrieved
2661:the original
2640:
2636:
2609:December 12,
2607:. Retrieved
2603:
2572:. Retrieved
2557:
2532:Taschen 2016
2510:
2500:December 12,
2498:. Retrieved
2494:
2464:
2452:. Retrieved
2419:
2392:. Retrieved
2387:
2378:
2357:
2350:. Retrieved
2346:
2336:
2324:. Retrieved
2320:
2310:
2298:. Retrieved
2294:
2284:
2276:
2269:. Retrieved
2257:
2247:
2239:
2232:. Retrieved
2228:
2218:
2209:
2202:. Retrieved
2190:
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2164:
2101:
2084:
2081:Sarah Morris
2070:
2062:My Architect
2061:
2059:
2048:
2042:
1995:
1980:
1978:
1961:
1954:
1948:
1935:Charlie Rose
1932:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1899:
1881:
1862:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1836:Berlin Diary
1834:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1794:propagandist
1783:
1767:
1712:
1700:
1685:
1674:
1667:
1661:Johnson was
1660:
1648:
1634:
1623:building in
1618:
1616:
1604:
1564:
1558:
1552:
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1373:
1366:
1365:
1354:
1352:
1296:
1278:
1276:
1181:
1179:
1172:Entrance of
1106:
1099:
1084:
1082:
1030:
1025:
1017:
1015:
947:
940:
934:
862:
860:
837:
835:
769:
754:
752:
748:Shimon Peres
737:
707:
701:
690:
674:
668:
665:
654:
652:
645:
641:
544:
529:
512:
508:
506:
495:
489:
477:
474:
469:
456:
445:
430:
410:Le Corbusier
402:
340:
333:Johnson, by
309:
288:
282:
278:
272:
261:Adolf Hitler
258:
246:Nazi Germany
238:Le Corbusier
227:
220:
172:
171:
85:(2005-01-25)
64:July 8, 1906
25:
4853:2005 deaths
4848:1906 births
4769:B. V. Doshi
4757:Carme Pigem
4729:Shigeru Ban
4677:Jean Nouvel
4597:Renzo Piano
4589:Sverre Fehn
4525:Frank Gehry
4505:Kenzo Tange
4465:Kevin Roche
3868:December 9,
3839:December 9,
3805:Cohen, Noam
3762:Google Docs
3687:Vanity Fair
3549:Vanity Fair
2974:January 29,
2876:January 29,
2735:Vanity Fair
2710:. ACS Forum
2667:January 29,
2604:Vanity Fair
2515:Watkin 1986
2347:Vanity Fair
2055:David Bowie
1951:Nikil Saval
1920:Vanity Fair
1735:Color Field
1715:avant-garde
1677:Glass House
1612:Glass House
1546:Glass House
1447:Glass House
1200:Frank Gehry
937:John Burgee
729:Nahal Soreq
706:design for
686:Frank Gehry
656:Glass House
604:Glass House
588:Glass House
378:cyclothymia
372:. He had a
269:antisemitic
189:Glass House
141:Glass House
4842:Categories
4653:Thom Mayne
4645:Zaha Hadid
4637:Jørn Utzon
4573:Tadao Ando
4533:Aldo Rossi
4247:Metropolis
3834:Elle Decor
3728:August 12,
3328:October 4,
3000:August 19,
2450:. Guardian
2123:References
2066:Louis Kahn
2053:(1995) by
2008:Quotations
1982:Elle Decor
1786:antisemite
1727:Minimalism
1640:Gold Medal
1270:Pittsburgh
1157:Window of
1091:megachurch
974:Fort Worth
398:philosophy
315:Gold Medal
284:Mein Kampf
265:Nazi Party
109:Occupation
60:1906-07-08
4737:Frei Otto
4473:I. M. Pei
4429:laureates
4250:magazine.
4028:August 5,
3932:: 40–45.
3926:Perspecta
3768:March 11,
3663:August 4,
3633:0028-792X
3604:August 4,
3581:August 8,
3537:963235305
3500:August 8,
3239:April 11,
3213:April 11,
2994:ArchDaily
2852:922911666
2738:magazine.
2454:August 4,
2352:April 23,
2326:April 23,
2300:April 23,
2271:April 23,
2266:0362-4331
2234:April 23,
2204:April 23,
2199:0028-792X
1953:wrote in
1949:In 2018,
1896:Smith Act
1802:Huey Long
1289:neogothic
1280:PPG Place
1272:, (1984)
1266:PPG Place
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650:of Mies.
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343:Cleveland
177:architect
157:PPG Place
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3758:"Letter"
3427:Archived
3362:Archived
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606:(1949)
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