1411:
rapid growth only when the organism is able to consume sufficient amounts of nutrients and signaling from key nutrients such as amino acids and zinc to induce production of IGF-1 is present. At the same time inflammation and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines may cause GH resistance and a decrease in circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 which in turn reduces endochondrial ossification and growth. However, the EGP appears to conserve much growth capacity to allow for catch-up growth. Concerns have been raised about associations between catch-up growth and increased risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. In a large study based on 5 birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, India, the
Philippines and South Africa, faster linear growth at 0–2 years was associated with improvements in adult stature and school performance, but also an increased likelihood of overweight (mainly related to lean mass) and a slightly elevated blood pressure in young adulthood.
60:
1459:
766:
928:
1406:) axis, the thyroxine/triiodothyronine axis, androgens, estrogens, vitamin D, glucocorticoids and possibly leptin. GH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to hypothalamic, pituitary and circulating factors. It affects growth by binding to receptors in the EGP, and inducing production and release of IGF-1 by the liver. IGF-1 has six binding proteins (IGFBPs), exhibiting different effects on body tissues, where
320:
539:
1146:, which occurs on average at age 13. In the 21st century, the average age at which children, especially girls, reach puberty is lower compared to the 19th century, when it was 15 for girls and 16 for boys. This can be due to any number of factors, including improved nutrition resulting in rapid body growth, increased weight and fat deposition, or exposure to
1189:
Human adulthood encompasses psychological adult development. Definitions of adulthood are often inconsistent and contradictory; an adolescent may be biologically an adult and display adult behavior but still be treated as a child if they are under the legal age of majority. Conversely, a legal adult
811:
wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy. The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to growing fetuses and removes waste products from the
614:
in the later stages of prenatal development. The transition from embryo to fetus is arbitrarily defined as occurring 8 weeks after fertilization. In comparison to the embryo, the fetus has more recognizable external features and a set of progressively developing internal organs. A nearly identical
1410:
is most abundant in human circulation. IGF-1 initiates growth through differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts, and regulates release of GH from the pituitary through feedback mechanisms. The GH/IGF-1 axis is responsive to dietary intake and infections. The endocrine system seems to allow for
761:
is a stage in the human development considered to begin nine weeks after fertilization. In biological terms, however, prenatal development is a continuum, with many defining features distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. A fetus is also characterized by the presence of all the major body organs,
1186:, a legal adult is a person who has attained the age of majority and is therefore regarded as independent, self-sufficient, and responsible. The typical age of legal majority is 18 years in most contexts, although the definition of majority may vary by legal rights and country.
1135:—height and weight—accelerates in the first half of puberty and is completed when an adult body has been developed. Until the maturation of their reproductive capabilities, the pre-pubertal physical differences between boys and girls are the external sex organs.
1401:
proliferate, hypertrophy and secrete cartilage extracellular matrix. New cartilage is subsequently remodeled into bone tissue, causing bones to grow longer. Linear growth is a complex process regulated by the growth hormone (GH) – insulin-like growth factor-1
2191:
Adair LS, Fall CH, Osmond C, et al. Associations of linear growth and relative weight gain during early life with adult health and human capital in countries of low and middle income: findings from five birth cohort studies. Lancet 2013; 382(9891):
602:, wherein the uterine cells proliferate and surround the embryo thus causing it to become embedded within the uterine tissue. The embryo, meanwhile, proliferates and develops both into embryonic and extra-embryonic tissue, the latter forming the
554:
and the germinal stage of embryonic development begins. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization, through the development of the early embryo, up until implantation. The germinal stage is over at about 10 days of gestation.
2041:
Mouritsen A, Aksglaede L, Sørensen K, Mogensen SS, Leffers H, Main KM, Frederiksen H, Andersson AM, Skakkebaek NE, Juul A (April 2010). "Hypothesis: exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may interfere with timing of puberty".
1881:
726:
In comparison to the embryo, the fetus has more recognizable external features and a more complete set of developing organs. The entire process of embryonic development involves coordinated spatial and temporal changes in
1190:
may possess none of the maturity and responsibility that is supposed to define them; the mental and physical development and maturity of an individual has been proven to be greatly influenced by their life circumstances.
1385:
and factors, including the growth hormone, vitamin D, and others. These hormones promote the production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which plays a key role in the formation of new bone cells. Adequate
2127:
Millward DJ. Nutrition, infection and stunting: the roles of deficiencies of individual nutrients and foods, and of inflammation, as determinants of reduced linear growth of children. Nutr Res Rev 2017; 30(1):
1997:
Buck Louis GM, Gray LE, Marcus M, Ojeda SR, Pescovitz OH, Witchel SF, Sippell W, Abbott DH, Soto A, Tyl RW, Bourguignon JP, Skakkebaek NE, Swan SH, Golub MS, Wabitsch M, Toppari J, Euling SY (February 2008).
1924:
1181:
Biologically, an adult is a human or other organism that has reached sexual maturity. In human context, the term adult has additional meanings associated with social and legal concepts. In contrast to a
1794:
Anderson SE, Dallal GE, Must A (April 2003). "Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart".
1686:"For girls, puberty begins around 10 or 11 years of age and ends around age 16. Boys enter puberty later than girls-usually around 12 years of age-and it lasts until around age 16 or 17."
1890:
1138:
On average, girls begin puberty around ages 10–11 and end puberty around 15–17; boys begin around ages 11–12 and end around 16–17. The major landmark of puberty for females is
350:
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Rajaram S, Baylink DJ, Mohan S. Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in serum and other biological fluids: regulation and functions. Endocr Rev 1997; 18(6): 801–31.
2164:
DeBoer MD, Scharf RJ, Leite AM, et al. Systemic inflammation, growth factors, and linear growth in the setting of infection and malnutrition. Nutrition 2017; 33: 248–53.
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is essential for the production of these hormones, which are critical for proper bone growth. However, a lack of proper nutrition can hinder this process and result in
1934:
886:(play age), middle childhood (school age), and adolescence (puberty through post-puberty). Various childhood factors could affect a person's attitude formation.
1696:
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Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet 2008; 371(9609): 340–57.
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594:. A week after fertilization the embryo still has not grown in size, but hatches from the zona pellucida and adheres to the lining of the mother's
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with all the biological characteristics of a single human being, and develops into the embryo. Embryonic development has four stages: the
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commences. The embryonic stage covers the first eight weeks of development; at the beginning of the ninth week the embryo is termed a
17:
1154:, which can at times be due to food consumption or other environmental factors. Puberty which starts earlier than usual is known as
2384:
1338:
1273:
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122:
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672:). The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form a single cell called a zygote and the germinal stage of
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1243:
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1581:
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develops from the placenta. These organs connect the mother and the fetus. Placentas are a defining characteristic of
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691:. The germinal stage takes around 10 days. During this stage, the zygote begins to divide, in a process called
301:
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though they will not yet be fully developed and functional and some not yet situated in their final location.
1584:(2005): "The fetal stage is from the beginning of the 9th week after fertilization and continues until birth"
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The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the development of the early embryo until
261:
31:
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During childhood, the bones undergo a complex process of elongation that occurs in a specific area called
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1142:, the onset of menstruation, which occurs on average between ages 12 and 13; for males, it is the first
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2445:
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Daughaday WH. Growth hormone axis overview—somatomedin hypothesis. Pediatr
Nephrol 2000; 14(7): 537–40.
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41:
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Linear growth takes place in the epiphyseal growth plates (EGP) of long bones. In the growth plate,
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Lui JC, Nilsson O, Baron J. Growth plate senescence and catch-up growth. Endocr Dev 2011; 21: 23–9.
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1831:"Age at menarche in Canada: results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children & Youth"
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1518:
1305:. This begins in the third week of embryonic development, when the gastrula forms three distinct
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changes in size, shape, composition, and functioning of the pubertal body, is the development of
439:
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Gat-Yablonski G, Phillip M. Nutritionally-induced catch-up growth. Nutrients 2015; 7(1): 517–51.
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Kronenberg HM. Developmental regulation of the growth plate. Nature 2003; 423(6937): 332–6.
2004:
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795:. The process the mother experiences whilst carrying the fetus or embryo is referred to as
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673:
505:
471:
423:
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178:
8:
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1929:
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509:
375:
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Le Roith D. The insulin-like growth factor system. Exp
Diabesity Res 2003; 4(4): 205–12.
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1974:
1949:
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825:
59:
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1992. Herpetology: Third
Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall:Pearson Education, Inc., 2002.
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2082:
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2055:
2023:
1979:
1948:
Guillette EA, Conard C, Lares F, Aguilar MG, McLachlan J, Guillette LJ (March 2006).
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in a boy. In response to the signals, the gonads produce hormones that stimulate
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Fertilization occurs when the sperm successfully enters the ovum's membrane. The
2198:
942:
can be used to approximately judge a child's age based on physical development.
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of the sperm are passed into the egg to form a unique genome. The egg becomes a
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2889:
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2715:
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1391:
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fetus' blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus, and the fetus'
2960:
2875:
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2664:
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1847:
1302:
1199:
1173:, the "filling in" of the child's body; from girl to woman, from boy to man.
939:
765:
720:
661:
637:
1950:"Altered breast development in young girls from an agricultural environment"
2679:
2634:
2629:
2063:
2027:
1983:
1866:
1815:
1807:
1298:
1213:
1151:
993:
927:
712:
704:
387:
652:. In biological terms, human development entails growth from a one-celled
422:. Further growth and development continues after birth, and includes both
2898:
2674:
2599:
2541:
2429:
2396:
2379:
1398:
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871:
732:
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451:
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241:
127:
116:
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2531:
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2401:
2316:
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2018:
2000:"Environmental factors and puberty timing: expert panel research needs"
1999:
1889:. Lecture Notes (Second ed.). Blackwell Publishing. Archived from
1430:
1354:
1330:
1306:
1116:
1068:
1026:
1005:
829:
821:
739:. A nearly identical process occurs in other species, especially among
696:
547:
521:
419:
168:
132:
1925:"Girls now reaching puberty before 10—a year sooner than 20 years ago"
2563:
2355:
1965:
1322:
1128:
958:
833:
796:
501:
455:
447:
371:
188:
163:
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979:
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800:
782:
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607:
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435:
431:
379:
2040:
1627:
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948:
For North
American, Indo-Iranian (India, Iran) and European girls
2915:
2406:
2345:
2299:
1382:
1080:
1055:
951:
For North
American, Indo-Iranian (India, Iran) and European boys
904:
579:
395:
183:
137:
100:
590:, and undergoes a series of rapid mitotic cell divisions called
2816:
2725:
2516:
2501:
2340:
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2253:
2248:
1622:
1407:
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595:
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513:
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411:
403:
391:
193:
95:
79:
74:
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and some non-mammals with varying levels of development. The
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665:
611:
497:
415:
383:
198:
142:
106:
89:
538:
2870:
2077:
Moore, Keith L. (2020). "Third Week of Human
Development".
1947:
1104:
1103:
and the growth, function, and transformation of the brain,
878:, childhood is divided up into the developmental stages of
669:
443:
1828:
1634:
Macmillan, Pan Ltd. (1981), page 173. Retrieved 2010-7-15.
1996:
703:. Embryonic development continues with the next stage of
1158:, and puberty which starts later than usual is known as
1907:
1466: by Marianne Sandsmark Morseth available under the
2100:
2098:
2081:(11th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 47–63.
668:
cell successfully enters and fuses with an egg cell (
632:
refers to the development and formation of the human
488: 'relating to birth') is the process in which a
2079:
The
Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology
30:"Developmental" redirects here. For other uses, see
2095:
1829:Al-Sahab B, Ardern CI, Hamadeh MJ, Tamim H (2010).
1063:is the process of physical changes through which a
414:, where the embryo continues development through a
1793:
1718:"Teenage Growth & Development: 15 to 17 Years"
1689:"Teenage Growth & Development: 11 to 14 Years"
2228:
1822:
1547:
1353:of the torso. The endoderm will develop into the
2958:
1643:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1321:. The ectoderm will eventually develop into the
2034:
1941:
931:Approximate outline of development periods in
791:, an organ that sits within the pelvis of the
2790:
2461:
2214:
2123:
2121:
2119:
1787:
1769:
1506:
1274:
610:. In humans, the embryo is referred to as a
442:and other factors. This continues throughout
344:
1879:
1381:(EGP). This process is regulated by various
1873:
832:is debatable, and in invertebrates such as
520:which continues in fetal development until
2797:
2783:
2468:
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2221:
2207:
2116:
1990:
1281:
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351:
337:
2804:
2017:
1973:
1856:
1846:
1483:The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica.
1710:
926:
848:
787:The fetus and embryo develop within the
764:
636:. It is characterised by the process of
618:
537:
1922:
1739:
1680:
1541:
1523:Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition
1485:"Human body/Basic form and development"
1207:This article is part of a series on the
711:of the embryo form in a process called
648:that occurs during the early stages of
14:
2959:
1778:
1574:
1552:Principles of anatomy & physiology
870:is the age span ranging from birth to
776:
2778:
2449:
2202:
2076:
1668:from the original on January 10, 2023
1609:
746:
699:is then formed and implanted in the
1637:
1605:from the original on 23 April 2009.
27:Process of human growth to maturity
24:
2946:Evolutionary developmental biology
1647:Human Development: A Lifespan View
1548:Tortora, G; Derrickson, B (2012).
1529:from the original on 28 April 2021
582:stage. Prior to implantation, the
25:
2988:
1632:Macmillan Dictionary for Students
1556:(13th. ed.). Wiley. p.
615:process occurs in other species.
2056:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01051.x
1462: This article incorporates
1457:
1372:
1193:
586:remains in a protein shell, the
527:
318:
58:
2185:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2107:
2070:
1923:Alleyne, Richard (2010-06-13).
1916:
1728:from the original on 2018-03-17
1699:from the original on 2018-04-05
1644:Kail, RV; Cavanaugh JC (2010).
1495:from the original on 2019-10-31
461:
386:of a female is penetrated by a
1599:American Pregnancy Association
1587:
1582:Introductory Maternity Nursing
1476:
1301:develop in a process known as
843:
828:of such structures in various
562:contains a full complement of
13:
1:
2230:Development of the human body
1913:Jorgensen & Keiding 1991.
1451:
1171:secondary sex characteristics
476:Development before birth, or
364:Development of the human body
1775:Marshall (1986), pp. 176–177
1722:Palo Alto Medical Foundation
1693:Palo Alto Medical Foundation
1176:
262:Developmental stage theories
123:Emerging and early adulthood
7:
2753:Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
2698:Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
2477:Human embryonic development
1441:List of youth-related terms
1414:
982:(first menstrual bleeding)
630:Human embryonic development
625:Human embryonic development
468:Human embryonic development
390:from a male. The resulting
10:
2993:
1883:Obstetrics and Gynaecology
1197:
1053:
1049:
852:
780:
750:
622:
531:
465:
374:. The process begins with
208:Development and psychology
29:
2941:
2812:
2706:
2688:
2650:
2590:
2577:
2550:
2484:
2422:
2330:
2272:
2236:
1880:Hamilton-Fairley, Diana.
1747:"Puberty and adolescence"
1329:. The mesoderm will form
1008:(testicular enlargement)
512:and the formation of the
428:psychological development
18:Physiological development
2977:Developmental psychology
2758:Somatopleuric mesenchyme
2670:Somatopleuric mesenchyme
2479:in the first three weeks
1954:Environ. Health Perspect
1933:. London. Archived from
1848:10.1186/1471-2458-10-736
1446:Outline of human anatomy
1379:epiphyseal growth plates
876:developmental psychology
863:Child development stages
820:, but are also found in
803:connects the developing
737:cellular differentiation
642:cellular differentiation
542:Sperm fertilizing an egg
287:Psychosexual development
1489:Encyclopedia Britannica
1363:gastrointestinal tracts
917:age, may coincide with
715:, and the processes of
2880:Indirect development:
2642:Regional specification
1808:10.1542/peds.111.4.844
1751:University of Maryland
1034:Wisdom tooth eruption
935:
773:
543:
430:that is influenced by
2806:Developmental biology
2748:Intraembryonic coelom
2012:(Suppl 3): S192–207.
1426:Developmental biology
1079:. It is initiated by
1039:Completion of growth
987:Wisdom tooth eruption
961:(breast development)
930:
849:Infancy and childhood
768:
619:Embryonic development
541:
518:embryonic development
516:, the first stage in
325:Psychology portal
227:Nature versus nurture
151:Biological milestones
1580:Klossner, N. Jayne,
1148:endocrine disruptors
1029:(first ejaculation)
882:(learning to walk),
830:viviparous organisms
771:prenatal development
687:is completed in the
674:prenatal development
506:Prenatal development
478:prenatal development
472:Prenatal development
402:, and the resulting
400:cell differentiation
179:Language acquisition
1930:The Daily Telegraph
1802:(4 Pt 1): 844–850.
1436:Life-history theory
1339:reproductive system
1323:outer layer of skin
1234:Reproductive system
1077:sexual reproduction
777:Maternal influences
534:Human fertilization
302:Cultural-historical
2895:Direct development
2886:Hypermetamorphosis
2385:Emerging adulthood
2019:10.1542/peds.1813E
1347:circulatory system
1254:Circulatory system
1165:Notable among the
1156:precocious puberty
936:
774:
544:
382:released from the
366:is the process of
217:Pre- and perinatal
2967:Human development
2954:
2953:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2497:Oocyte activation
2443:
2442:
2307:Adult development
2285:Child development
2088:978-0-323-61154-1
1835:BMC Public Health
1595:"First Trimester"
1351:connective tissue
1291:
1290:
1249:Human development
1083:signals from the
1047:
1046:
984:age 12½ (10½–14½)
933:child development
915:Elementary school
895:Neonate (newborn)
859:Child development
818:placental mammals
747:Fetal development
707:, when the three
600:decidual reaction
598:. This induces a
394:develops through
361:
360:
16:(Redirected from
2984:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2660:Surface ectoderm
2623:Primitive groove
2604:Primitive streak
2588:
2587:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2423:Social and legal
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1994:
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1966:10.1289/ehp.8280
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1820:
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1791:
1785:
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1762:
1753:. Archived from
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1652:Cengage Learning
1650:(5th ed.).
1641:
1635:
1629:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1567:978-0470-91777-0
1555:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1519:"Germinal stage"
1515:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1480:
1461:
1331:skeletal muscles
1283:
1276:
1269:
1244:Endocrine system
1229:Digestive system
1204:
1203:
1075:body capable of
1071:matures into an
1010:age 11½ (9½–13½)
976:age 11¼ (10–12½)
945:
944:
664:occurs when the
564:genetic material
500:develops during
353:
346:
339:
323:
322:
321:
222:Infant and child
62:
37:
36:
21:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2937:
2906:Model organisms
2808:
2803:
2773:
2764:
2702:
2684:
2646:
2579:
2573:
2552:
2546:
2537:Inner cell mass
2480:
2474:
2444:
2439:
2435:Age of majority
2418:
2351:Early childhood
2326:
2273:Birth and after
2268:
2264:Gestational age
2232:
2227:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2075:
2071:
2039:
2035:
1995:
1991:
1946:
1942:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1827:
1823:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1700:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1662:
1654:. p. 296.
1642:
1638:
1630:
1623:
1614:
1610:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1517:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1481:
1477:
1454:
1417:
1388:nutrient intake
1375:
1287:
1258:
1212:Development of
1202:
1196:
1179:
1160:delayed puberty
1133:Physical growth
1095:in a girl, the
1058:
1052:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1022:
1017:
1009:
998:age 15½ (14–17)
997:
989:age 15½ (14–17)
988:
983:
975:
971:age 11 (8½–13½)
970:
962:
884:early childhood
865:
853:Main articles:
851:
846:
785:
779:
755:
749:
729:gene expression
627:
621:
604:fetal membranes
578:stage, and the
536:
530:
492:, and later an
474:
466:Main articles:
464:
357:
319:
317:
264:
119:
103:
92:
52:and development
51:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2990:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2892:
2890:hemimetabolism
2882:holometabolism
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2718:
2716:Axial mesoderm
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2614:Primitive node
2611:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2375:Preadolescence
2367:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2194:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2115:
2106:
2094:
2087:
2069:
2044:Int. J. Androl
2033:
1989:
1940:
1937:on 2010-06-14.
1915:
1906:
1872:
1821:
1786:
1777:
1768:
1738:
1709:
1679:
1661:978-0495600374
1660:
1636:
1621:
1608:
1601:. 1 May 2012.
1586:
1573:
1566:
1540:
1505:
1474:
1473:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1392:stunted growth
1374:
1371:
1345:, most of the
1343:urinary system
1327:nervous system
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:Urinary system
1236:
1231:
1226:
1224:Nervous system
1220:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1198:Main article:
1195:
1192:
1178:
1175:
1054:Main article:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:age 17 (15–19)
1037:
1036:age 17 (15–19)
1032:
1031:age 13 (11–15)
1024:
1023:age 13 (11–15)
1019:
1018:age 12 (10–14)
1011:
1001:
1000:
999:
990:
985:
977:
972:
964:
963:age 10½ (8–13)
953:
952:
949:
925:
924:
923:
922:
919:preadolescence
912:
907:
902:
896:
892:Prepubescence
850:
847:
845:
842:
814:umbilical cord
778:
775:
751:Main article:
748:
745:
623:Main article:
620:
617:
588:zona pellucida
532:Main article:
529:
526:
463:
460:
359:
358:
356:
355:
348:
341:
333:
330:
329:
328:
327:
312:
311:
310:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
266:
265:
260:
257:
256:
255:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
211:
210:
204:
203:
202:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
153:
152:
148:
147:
146:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
114:
109:
104:
98:
93:
87:
82:
77:
69:
68:
64:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2989:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2972:Human biology
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:Metamorphosis
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2827:Embryogenesis
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2743:Lateral plate
2741:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2665:Neuroectoderm
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2609:Primitive pit
2607:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Fertilization
2490:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2110:
2101:
2099:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2050:(2): 346–59.
2049:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1919:
1910:
1896:on 2018-10-09
1892:
1885:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1784:Tanner, 1990.
1781:
1772:
1757:on 2013-09-24
1756:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1672:September 11,
1667:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1618:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1596:
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1583:
1577:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1544:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1373:Linear growth
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:organogenesis
1300:
1299:organ systems
1296:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:organ systems
1211:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1200:Organogenesis
1194:Organ systems
1191:
1187:
1185:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:xenoestrogens
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1021:Growth spurt
1020:
1016:(pubic hair)
1015:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
995:
991:
986:
981:
978:
974:Growth spurt
973:
969:(pubic hair)
968:
965:
960:
957:
956:
955:
954:
950:
947:
946:
943:
941:
940:Tanner stages
934:
929:
920:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
893:
891:
890:
889:
888:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
860:
856:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
784:
772:
767:
763:
760:
754:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
724:
722:
721:organogenesis
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:Fertilization
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
638:cell division
635:
631:
626:
616:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
553:
549:
540:
535:
528:Fertilization
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:fertilization
507:
503:
499:
496:, and then a
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
473:
469:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:environmental
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:fertilization
373:
369:
365:
354:
349:
347:
342:
340:
335:
334:
332:
331:
326:
316:
315:
314:
313:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
268:
267:
263:
259:
258:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
213:
212:
209:
206:
205:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
159:Fertilization
157:
156:
155:
154:
150:
149:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
118:
115:
113:
112:Preadolescent
110:
108:
105:
102:
99:
97:
94:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
71:
70:
66:
65:
61:
57:
56:
53:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2921:Regeneration
2837:
2738:Intermediate
2680:Neural crest
2635:Gastrulation
2402:Middle adult
2337:Early years
2237:Before birth
2229:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2109:
2078:
2072:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2009:
2003:
1992:
1960:(3): 471–5.
1957:
1953:
1943:
1935:the original
1928:
1918:
1909:
1898:. Retrieved
1891:the original
1882:
1875:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1759:. Retrieved
1755:the original
1741:
1730:. Retrieved
1712:
1701:. Retrieved
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1646:
1639:
1631:
1616:
1611:
1598:
1589:
1576:
1551:
1543:
1531:. Retrieved
1525:. Elsevier.
1522:
1497:. Retrieved
1488:
1478:
1468:CC BY-SA 3.0
1456:
1455:
1399:chondrocytes
1396:
1376:
1365:and several
1292:
1188:
1180:
1164:
1137:
1060:
1059:
937:
887:
867:
866:
786:
758:
756:
725:
713:histogenesis
705:gastrulation
685:implantation
682:
656:to an adult
628:
557:
545:
508:starts with
485:
477:
475:
462:Before birth
363:
362:
307:Evolutionary
282:Psychosocial
133:Middle adult
50:Human growth
49:
2899:ametabolism
2822:Compartment
2675:Neurulation
2600:Archenteron
2592:Germ layers
2542:Trophoblast
2407:Elder adult
2397:Young adult
2380:Adolescence
2244:Development
1761:December 8,
1724:/pamf.org.
1695:/pamf.org.
1359:respiratory
1335:blood cells
1307:germ layers
1184:legal minor
1167:morphologic
1144:ejaculation
880:toddlerhood
872:adolescence
844:After birth
733:cell growth
717:neurulation
709:germ layers
658:human being
650:development
574:stage, the
570:stage, the
548:chromosomes
452:adolescence
416:fetal stage
378:, where an
242:Young adult
128:Young adult
32:Development
2961:Categories
2933:Teratology
2861:Metamerism
2856:Embryology
2838:Drosophila
2731:Somitomere
2618:Blastopore
2582:Trilaminar
2532:Blastocyst
2527:Blastocoel
2522:Cavitation
2512:Blastomere
2317:Senescence
2005:Pediatrics
1900:2013-11-09
1796:Pediatrics
1732:2013-11-09
1703:2013-11-09
1499:2020-04-08
1452:References
1431:Human body
1355:epithelium
1349:, and the
1129:sex organs
1027:Spermarche
1006:Gonadarche
834:Arthropoda
822:marsupials
781:See also:
769:Stages in
697:blastocyst
480:(from
446:: through
388:sperm cell
277:Ecological
272:Attachment
232:Adolescent
169:Childbirth
117:Adolescent
2564:Hypoblast
2555:Bilaminar
2392:Adulthood
2356:Childhood
1533:6 October
1177:Adulthood
1097:testicles
959:Thelarche
921:(preteen)
868:Childhood
840:at best.
838:analogous
797:pregnancy
741:chordates
502:gestation
456:adulthood
448:childhood
297:Cognitive
189:Menopause
164:Pregnancy
138:Old adult
2911:Ontogeny
2849:polarity
2721:Paraxial
2708:Mesoderm
2690:Endoderm
2652:Ectoderm
2630:Gastrula
2569:Epiblast
2507:Cleavage
2064:20487042
2028:18245512
1984:16507474
1867:21110899
1816:12671122
1726:Archived
1697:Archived
1666:Archived
1603:Archived
1527:Archived
1493:Archived
1470:license.
1421:Auxology
1415:See also
1383:hormones
1319:endoderm
1315:mesoderm
1311:ectoderm
1150:such as
1140:menarche
1081:hormonal
1014:Pubarche
996:reached
980:Menarche
967:Pubarche
910:Play age
826:homology
801:placenta
783:Placenta
723:follow.
693:cleavage
608:placenta
606:and the
592:cleavage
576:gastrula
572:blastula
436:hormonal
424:physical
408:implants
372:maturity
252:Maturity
42:a series
40:Part of
2916:Puberty
2578:Week 3
2551:Week 2
2346:Toddler
2300:Puberty
2192:525–34.
1975:1392245
1858:3001737
1841:: 736.
1408:IGFBP-3
1357:of the
1125:breasts
1093:ovaries
1087:to the
1061:Puberty
1056:Puberty
1050:Puberty
905:Toddler
809:uterine
807:to the
644:of the
580:neurula
486:natalis
432:genetic
410:in the
396:mitosis
184:Puberty
174:Walking
101:Toddler
2817:Ageing
2726:Somite
2517:Morula
2502:Zygote
2485:Week 1
2341:Infant
2331:Phases
2312:Ageing
2290:Stages
2254:Embryo
2249:Zygote
2128:50–72.
2085:
2062:
2026:
1982:
1972:
1865:
1855:
1814:
1658:
1617:et al.
1615:Pough
1564:
1367:glands
1341:, the
1337:, the
1309:, the
1295:organs
1293:Human
1127:, and
1109:muscle
1101:libido
1091:: the
1089:gonads
994:height
992:Adult
901:(baby)
899:Infant
861:, and
855:Infant
799:. The
793:mother
789:uterus
701:uterus
689:uterus
654:zygote
646:embryo
634:embryo
596:uterus
584:embryo
568:morula
560:zygote
552:zygote
514:zygote
494:embryo
490:zygote
418:until
412:uterus
404:embryo
392:zygote
368:growth
194:Ageing
96:Infant
85:Embryo
80:Zygote
75:Gamete
67:Stages
2926:Human
2866:Larva
2832:Human
2430:Minor
2414:Dying
2370:Youth
2361:Child
2322:Death
2295:Early
2280:Birth
2259:Fetus
1894:(PDF)
1887:(PDF)
1404:IGF-1
1113:blood
1105:bones
1085:brain
1073:adult
1065:child
874:. In
836:, is
805:fetus
759:fetus
753:Fetus
678:fetus
666:sperm
612:fetus
522:birth
498:fetus
484:
482:Latin
454:into
420:birth
406:then
384:ovary
292:Moral
247:Adult
237:Youth
199:Death
143:Dying
107:Child
90:Fetus
2871:Pupa
2844:Fish
2083:ISBN
2060:PMID
2024:PMID
1980:PMID
1863:PMID
1812:PMID
1763:2020
1674:2014
1656:ISBN
1562:ISBN
1558:1183
1535:2013
1464:text
1361:and
1325:and
1317:and
1297:and
1121:hair
1117:skin
1069:body
938:The
735:and
719:and
695:. A
670:ovum
640:and
558:The
470:and
450:and
444:life
426:and
398:and
2888:),
2052:doi
2014:doi
2010:121
1970:PMC
1962:doi
1958:114
1853:PMC
1843:doi
1804:doi
1800:111
1067:'s
380:egg
370:to
2963::
2897::
2118:^
2097:^
2058:.
2048:33
2046:.
2022:.
2008:.
2002:.
1978:.
1968:.
1956:.
1952:.
1927:.
1861:.
1851:.
1839:10
1837:.
1833:.
1810:.
1798:.
1749:.
1720:.
1691:.
1664:.
1624:^
1597:.
1560:.
1521:.
1508:^
1491:.
1487:.
1394:.
1369:.
1333:,
1313:,
1162:.
1131:.
1123:,
1119:,
1115:,
1111:,
1107:,
857:,
757:A
743:.
731:,
680:.
660:.
524:.
504:.
458:.
438:,
434:,
44:on
2884:(
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2222:e
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2091:.
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1986:.
1964::
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1869:.
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1818:.
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1765:.
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