1826:
formation of the state and the appearance of the concept of violence. Following
Clastres they argue that it is the state that makes the distinction between good force and bad force. Dwivedi and Mohan also note that for Clastres the state is the recording apparatus of memories which does not allow any deviation from the state's version of the past. They say that new possibilities for politics are to be found behind the curtain of the state according to Clastres: "At the beginning, in the days spent without records of memory, lost behind the obscure curtain before which the state arrives, lies an epoch without functional isolations: the reign of pure polynomia which grants all possibilities with no realizations. All homologies here remain revealed as nature is pure voluptuousness without any spans to reach it."
1592:, they have to be generous and offer gifts to their people. However, it was not an exchange: they give and receive each independently; Clastres wrote, "this relationship, by denying these elements an exchange value at the group level, institutes the political sphere not only as external to the structure of the group, but further still, as negating that structure: power is contrary to the group, and the rejection of reciprocity, as the ontological dimension of society, is the rejection of society itself." Clastres then concluded that "the advent of power, such as it is, presents itself to these societies as the very means for nullifying that power." In
1532:, accountable labor, levied by men who will enjoy the fruits of that labor, what has come to pass is that society has been divided into rulers and ruled ... Society's major division ... is the new vertical ordering of things between a base and a summit; it is the great political cleavage between those who hold the force ... and those subject to that force. The political relation of power precedes and founds the economic relation of exploitation. Alienation is political before it is economic; power precedes labor; the economic derives from the political; the emergence of the State determines the advent of classes.
1785:
thus prompted a dichotomy between society and the state, overshadowing the role of the state in the development of an active civil society. While Moyn considered
Clastres had "an important role in the rise in contemporary theory of the importance of civil society", his theory "not only forced an excessive burden onto civil society alone as the locus of freedom; it also neutralized a theory of the state, condemned and feared in all its forms". Differently, Warren Breckman concluded Clastres's view on State helped the antitotalitarian current of 1970s French thought.
1656:
545:
1802:
affirmed he made "bold claims" none of them were totally original, attributing some of them to
Clastres. Scott commented on how Clastres influenced him: "The reason it was useful for me... is that he was the first person to understand that modes of subsistence are not just grades on some evolutionary scale--from hunting and gathering to swiddening, foraging, agriculture, and so on--but rather that the choice of a mode of subsistence is in part a political choice about how you want to relate to existing state systems".
607:, Jon Abbink explained the historical context in which Clastres wrote the book and argued, "in presenting them as 'indigenes' with specific cultural values and identity, he has also tried to ground their presence and their historical rights". Abbink also refused the idea it had not a critical perspective; Clastres's focus on the problems Western society could bring to the Guayaki is against "the arrogant idea ... that they should be reformed in our image and respond to our models of social and economic life".
389:
1753:
in "a kind of paralyzed mourning" because his "primitivist nostalgia" made people distant from reforms in the present. "In this way, Clastres's anti- but not yet genuinely post-Marxist perception that the state in all its forms is corrupted by a 'neo-theology of history with its fanatic continuism' prevented him from presenting a viable stance for those who are unable to escape the circumstances of
Western modernityâwhich is to say, in a globalized world, everyone."
380:
639:. It is a collection of eleven essays: "Copernicus and the Savages", "Exchange and Power: Philosophy of the Indian Chieftainship", "Independence and Exogamy", "Elements of Amerindian Demography", "The Bow and the Basket", "What Makes Indians Laugh", "The Duty to Speak", "Prophets in the Jungle", "Of the One Without the Many", "Of Torture in Primitive Societies", and the title article "Society Against the State".
1665:
1616:. Moyn said that Clastres "reinterpret the violence in primitive society as internal and essential to its self immunization against the rise of the state" and "compare it favorably to the grandiose horrors of the statist, modern world." To the first topic, he dedicated "Of Torture in Primitive Societies"; Clastres did not think on it as cruel practice and using Soviet Union penal tattoos on
600:. However, he wrote "Whatever the validity ... of Clastres' interpretation of Guayaki thought, his evocation of their lost lives has great charm, an attraction that arises automatically from our civilized fascination with wild people who seem so strange at first, dodging naked through the forest, but who prove to be so much like us in feelings if not in thought and habits."
1570:". Clastres, however, argued that power does not imply either coercion or violence, and proposed a "Copernican revolution" in political anthropology: "In order to escape the attraction of its native earth and attain real freedom of thought, in order to pull itself away from the facts of natural history in which it continues to flounder, reflection on power must effect a '
1489:, "exhibited a vestigial structuralism" that he would abandon on subsequent essays. On "Marxists and Their Anthropology" Clastres criticised structuralist perspective on myth and kinship because it ignores their place of productionâthe society. He said that, for structuralism, kinship only has the function to prohibit
1725:
meaning of "Society against the State" as "a modality of collective life based on the symbolic neutralization of political authority and the structural inhibition of ever-present tendencies to convert power, wealth and prestige into coercion, inequality and exploitation." By affirming it, Clastres criticised both the
1752:
In Moyn's opinion: "Clastres's romanticized vision of society against the state not only failed to fulfill the primary need of his (but not only his) timeâa theory of democratization in which society and state are complementaryâbut imposed an obstacle to its fulfillment." First, his arguments implied
1497:
as such, that is, an undivided society made up of equals: kinship, society, equality, even combat." On myths, Clastres said, "The rite is the religious mediation between myth and society: but, for structuralist analysis, the difficulty stems from the fact that rites do not reflect upon each other. It
595:
said it was an "unsettling" work because it "is not quite the nostalgic view of primitive life that now prevails in literary circles." Wallace asserted
Clastres's "might have misinterpreted" the Guayaki's relation with nature because "he was predisposed to see stronger oppositions between culture and
1703:
but that it occurred only between different groups. He argued that internal war was purposeful and kept the group segmented, non-hierarchized; according to
Viveiros de Castro: "perpetual war was a mode of controlling both the temptation to control and the risk of being controlled. War keeps opposing
1801:
inhabitants were intentionally "using their culture, farming practices, egalitarian political structures, prophet-led rebellions, and even their lack of writing systems to put distance between themselves and the states that wished to engulf them". His thesis sparked some controversy and although he
1825:
requires the formation of the state as per
Clastres, "We will need to make a detour through the great anarchist anthropologist himself â Pierre Clastres â in order to find the steps which will lead us unto the Gandhian temple of non-violence". Permanence of war in primitive societies holds off the
1724:
For
Clastres, primitive societies possessed a "sense of democracy and taste for equality," and thus intentionally discourage the rise of a State. That is why these societies are not merely characterized as societies without a State, but societies against the State. Viveiros de Castro explained the
744:
to "primitive" power, economy and war, it is composed by twelve essays: "The Last
Frontier", "Savage Ethnography", "The Highpoint of the Cruise", "Of Ethnocide", "Myths and Rites of South American Indians", "Power in Primitive Societies", "Freedom, Misfortune, the Unnameable", "Primitive Economy",
1784:
was a constant danger in modern societies "makes the security of freedoms against the state the only realistic achievement in a politics without illusions." On the other hand, his effect on left thinkers was that it gave rise to the belief that democracy is primarily a matter of civil society and
466:
at the fifth section of the EPHE, and was promoted to director of studies of the religion and societies of South
American Indigenous peoples in October 1975. That same year he left his office as researcher of the Laboratory of Social Anthropologyâwhich he occupied since 1961âafter conflicts over
1708:
For , the social link institutes itself between men due to "a common Power to keep them all in awe:" the State is against the war. What does primitive society as a sociological space of permanent war tell us in counter-point? It repeats Hobbes's discourse by reversing it; it proclaims that the
1501:
With Structuralism's crisis in the later 1960s, Marxist anthropology became an alternative to it. Clastres, however, was critical of it because Marxism was developed on the context of capitalist societies and anthropologists were using it to analyse non-capitalist societies. On Clastres's
31:
529:'s dictatorship forced them to live under territorial restriction and launched a pacifying campaign between 1959 and 1962. In the book, the author describes Guayaki culture with a focus on their cycle of life and their "daily struggles for survival." He describes their
541:, then a "penniless unknown", translated the book into English but it was only published in 1998 by Zone Books. Auster translated the work because he was fascinated by Clastres's prose, which "seemed to combine a poet's temperament with a philosopher's depth of mind."
1733:") notion that the State would be a necessity and the ultimate destiny in all societies. For him, the State does not emerge because of the complexification of productive or political forces but it rises when a community reaches a certain number of members.
648:
in 1962. In the same journal were published "Independence and Exogamy" in 1963, "The Bow and the Basket" in 1966, "Elements of Amerindian Demography" and "Of Torture in Primitive Societies" in 1973. "What Makes Indians Laugh" was originally published in
3478:
1546:' as the more plausible sequel or complement to structuralist analysis." Because of his analysis of power and the State, several commentators say Clastres posites an "anthropological anarchism" or exhibits anarchist influences.
582:' are radically different from us, more authentic than us, morally superior to us, and need only to be protected, presumably by us, from our greed and cruelty." Bartholomew Dean, writing for the journal
788:
1493:. "This function of kinship explains that men are not animals, does not explain how primitive man is a particular man." It neglects that "kinship ties fulfill a determined function, inherent in
4102:
1685:). However, it also criticized Engels's perspective on the origin of the State, and his idea of State as the ultimate destiny of society. It would lead it to be described as "more anti-
3954:
1506:
was ethnocentric: it considered production the truth of society and labor the essence of the human condition." However, it is not true for primitive societies since they live in a
669:
1363:
1450:'s words, for Clastres and other adherents of LĂ©vi-Strauss's Structural anthropology, "it was a matter of locating societies that had been sheltered from the unitary map of
3241:
3348:
588:, declared, "Clastres' ahistoricism, rhetorical romanticism, and museumification sadly obscures the ongoing challenges facing indigenous peoples like the Guayaki."
310:
768:
was the journal in which "Power in Primitive Societies" was released in 1976. "Freedom, Misfortune, the Unnameable" was written for a 1976 scholarly edition of
1740:. Moyn wrote: "Many took Clastres's own words"âas in the affirmation that Amerindian societies "could predict the future" and avoid Stateâ"to convict him of
745:"The Return to Enlightenment", "Marxists and Their Anthropology", "Archeology of Violence: War in Primitive Societies", and "Sorrows of the Savage Warrior".
657:
1049:
270:. Clastres mostly published essays and, because of his premature death, his work was unfinished and scattered. His signature work is the essay collection
1528:
When, in primitive society, the economic dynamic lends itself to definition as a distinct and autonomous domain, when the activity of production becomes
1636:. The law, inscribed on bodies, expresses primitive society's refusal to run the risk of division, the risk of a power separate from society itself,
491:
4087:
1408:
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to come in contact with the GuaranĂ and to translate his ethnographic material. In the book, the focus was towards the "beautiful words" in the
351:
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327:
137:
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On a similar fashion, Clastres argued that war could not be seen as a problem but that it had a political reason. He pointed it was not
3554:
1336:
3636:
Parkin, Robert (2010). "The French-speaking Countries". In Barth, Frederik; Gingrich, Andre; Parkin, Robert; Silverman, Sydel (eds.).
1624:, and took care, at the cost of a terrible cruelty, to prevent the advent of a more terrifying cruelty." Instead he argued torture in
1596:, he argued that "the society itself, not its leader, is the real site of power" and then they can avoid the concentration of power.
1054:
1704:
the State, but the crucial difference for Clastres is that sociality is on the side of war, not of the sovereign." Clastres stated:
4147:
3973:
1736:
On the other hand, his vision of tribal societies without conflict was deemed "romantic" by critics such as Marcus Colchester and
4172:
4142:
1356:
1478:." For Clastres, in Viveiros de Castro's words, "both privileged economic rationality and suppressed political intentionality."
4162:
4082:
3728:"Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians. By Pierre Clastres. Translated from the French by Paul Auster. Zone Books: 352 pp., $ 25.50"
3411:
Gilman, Nils; Guilhot, Nicolas (1 April 2014). ""Transforming the Nature of the Struggle": An Interview with James C. Scott".
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are powerless chiefs; they are chosen on the basis of their oratorical talent. And while they have the exclusive right to be
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335:
143:
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in their philosophical and political writings has been noted. Dwivedi and Mohan have interpreted the political thought of
4177:
792:
in 1977. Both "Archeology of Violence: War in Primitive Societies" and "Sorrows of the Savage Warrior" were published in
3068:
1510:, in which not only they do not have to produce an economic excess but they refuse to do it. In opposition to Marxist's
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341:
Clastres's first published article was released in 1962, a year before Clastres went into an eight-month trip to a
4117:
3486:
Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas: Volume Two: The Emergence of the New Anarchism (1939-1977)
3322:
1394:
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machine of dispersion functions against the machine of unification; it tells us that war is against the State.
732:. The book collects the chapters of a work Clastres started writing before his deathâthe two last chapters of
633:
Society Against the State: The Leader as Servant and the Human Uses of Power Among the Indians of the Americas
537:, marriage, hunting, warfare, and death, as well as their relation with non-Indian people and nature. In 1976
4127:
4030:
3607:(2004). "Of Savagery and Civil Society: Pierre Clastres and the Transformation of French Political Thought".
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1031:
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as example, Clastres affirmed: "It is proof of their admirable depth of mind that the Savages knew all that
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4097:
3806:
3398:
3320:
Dykes, Nicholas (2005). "The Facts of Reality: Logic and History in Objectivist Debates About Government".
902:
3727:
4182:
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3331:
3274:
1427:
3232:
Dean, Bartholomew (April 1999). "Critical Re-Vision: Clastres' Chronicle and the Optic of Primitivism".
1760:, who openly do homages to Clastres's work. Clastres was also a major influence for French philosophers
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1463:
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724:, posthumously published in France by Ăditions du Seuil in 1980, was first translated into English by
4152:
3753:. In Breaugh, Martin; Holman, Christopher; Magnusson, Rachel; Mazzocchi, Paul; Penner, Devin (eds.).
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3302:
3122:
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1019:
769:
618:
272:
98:
3434:
Glowczewski, Barbara (2008). "Guattari et l'anthropologie: aborigĂšnes et territoires existentiels".
628:
4107:
3924:
Voluntary Servitude and the Erotics of Friendship: From Classical Antiquity to Early Modern France
3457:"Socialisme ou Barbarie": un engagement politique et intellectuel dans la France de l'aprĂšs-guerre
1454:
thinking, societies that were not classified in Stalinist handbooks." Although initially adept of
778:. "Primitive Economy" was the title given to the preface Clastres wrote for the French edition of
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Although its literary qualities have been what attracted Auster, the work has been criticized as "
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1320:
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1640:. Primitive law, cruelly taught, is a prohibition of inequality that each person will remember.
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1503:
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472:
297:
200:
84:
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323:
247:
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Nostalgie du néolithique: de Lausanne à Las Lomitas, documents sur Alfred Métraux, ethnologue
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479:
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A page from the Librairie Libertaire, describing Clastres and linking to some of his essays
1632:
The law they come to know in pain is the law of primitive society, which says to everyone:
1567:
1542:
In refusing both Structuralism and Marxism, Clastres, in Moyn's words, "presented his own '
1511:
1177:
1152:
907:
661:
in 1969. "Prophets in the Jungle" and "Of the One Without the Many" were both published in
3891:
796:
in 1977, and "Marxists and Their Anthropology" was published on the same journal in 1978.
688:
8:
3723:
1776:
1507:
1380:
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Chronique des indiens Guayaki: ce que que savent les Aché, chasseurs nomades du Paraguay
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3783:
3668:
3624:
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3253:
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1655:
1315:
1217:
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873:
823:
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623:
Considered his major work for introducing the concept of "Society against the State",
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72:
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3590:
3569:
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3493:
3460:
3361:
3335:
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3170:
3126:
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3054:
1798:
1756:
According to Moyn, another consequence was that it provided a base for thinkers like
1617:
1559:
1554:
In his 1969 article "Copernicus and the Savages", Clastres reviewed J. W. Lapierre's
1142:
1127:
1122:
757:
635:, however, it did not receive major attention. In 1989, Zone Books republished it as
523:
Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians: The Knowledge of the Aché Hunter Nomads of Paraguay
467:
LĂ©vi-Strauss's theories. In 1977 he took in part in the establishment of the journal
228:
216:
3912:
3533:
3292:
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El espĂritu de las leyes salvajes: Pierre Clastres o una nueva antropologĂa polĂtica
1765:
1524:, which enabled Amerindian societies to refuse power and statehood. Clastres wrote,
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420:
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331:
259:
251:
223:
seeking an alternative to the hierarchized Western societies, he mostly researched
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1287:
1277:
1257:
1247:
779:
748:"The Last Frontier" and "The Highpoint of the Cruise" were originally published in
514:
3892:"Lembranças e reflexĂ”es sobre Pierre Clastres: entrevista com Bento Prado JĂșnior"
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1325:
1282:
1237:
1222:
917:
849:
844:
571:
534:
475:
356:
183:
1498:
is impossible to reflect upon them. Thus, exit the rite, and with it, society."
704:
525:). He was interested in Guayaki because there was little research on them since
3026:(4). London: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: 21.
1788:
1761:
1757:
1605:
1494:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1197:
990:
483:
349:
with the help of MĂ©traux. The Guayaki's study served as base to an article for
3620:
1634:
You are worth no more than anyone else; you are worth no less than anyone else
691:
in 1974. The book was never officially translated into English; Moyn calls it
4061:
3639:
One Discipline, Four Ways: British, German, French, and American Anthropology
3339:
3207:
Curtis, David Ames (2000). "Translator's Foreword". In Lefort, Claude (ed.).
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in 1969 and 1972 respectively. In 1973, "The Duty to Speak" was released on
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3983:(in Spanish). AsunciĂłn: SecretarĂa Nacional de Cultura. pp. 55â74.
3708:. Ashley Lebner (translator). Los Angeles: Semiotext(e). pp. 9â52.
2435:
2326:
3257:
3053:(in Spanish). Carina C. Battaglia (translator). Buenos Aires: Del Sol.
3039:
1810:
1104:
897:
892:
644:
428:
315:
305:
243:
239:
3836:
L'anti-autoritarisme en ethnologie: actes du colloque du 13 avril 1995
3271:
L'anti-autoritarisme en ethnologie: actes du colloque du 13 avril 1995
1568:
definition of power as the state-based monopoly on legitimate violence
1474:
can be considered "the chapters of a virtual book that could be named
379:
3755:
Thinking Radical Democracy: The Return to Politics in Post-War France
3529:
3357:
1563:
1439:
1435:
1292:
961:
864:
741:
737:
444:
360:
220:
204:
196:
3249:
3031:
764:(1981), Clastres wrote "Myths and Rites of South American Indians".
2778:
2776:
2774:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2280:
2278:
1589:
946:
752:
in 1971. "Savage Ethnography" and "Of Ethnocide" were published in
463:
448:
346:
342:
267:
212:
208:
1864:
Archéologie de la violence. La guerre dans les sociétés primitives
296:
Clastres was born on 17 May 1934, in Paris, France. He studied at
160:
La vie social d'une tribu nomade: les Indiens Guayaki du Paraguay
30:
1916:
La vie social d'une tribu nomade: les Indiens Guayaki du Paraguay
1613:
1609:
1604:
On their struggle against the State, on keeping their society an
1459:
868:
631:
in 1974. When it was first translated by Urizen Books in 1977 as
455:. He briefly visited the GuaranĂ which migrated from Paraguay to
432:
263:
3779:
Democracy Against the State: Marx and the Machiavellian Movement
2895:
2771:
2650:
2542:
2275:
693:
The Great Speech: Myths and Sacred Chants of the Guarani Indians
3998:
1490:
701:
The Oral Treasury: Myths and Sacred Song of the Guarani Indians
456:
427:(1974). In 1966 and 1968 Clastres went into expeditions to the
365:
Social Life of a Nomadic Tribe: The Guayaki Indians of Paraguay
154:
3118:
Adventures of the Symbolic: Post-marxism and Radical Democracy
2805:
2803:
2120:
2118:
1852:
La SociĂ©tĂ© contre l'Ătat. Recherches d'anthropologie politique
1714:
Clastres, "Archeology of Violence: War in Primitive Societies"
1689:, a manifesto against the forced continuism of World History".
1664:
1558:, in which he said primitive societies were societies without
1458:, Abensour wrote that "Clastres is neither Structuralist, nor
625:
La SociĂ©tĂ© contre l'Ătat. Recherches d'anthropologie politique
367:â, to "The Bow and the Basket", as well as to his first book,
254:
in the 1950s. Between 1963 and 1974 he traveled five times to
3951:
Enseñanzas del Bicentenario ante los desafĂos globales de hoy
941:
859:
708:
642:"Exchange and Power" was originally published in the journal
530:
51:
3890:
Leirner, Piero de Camargo; Toledo, Luiz Henrique de (2003).
3242:
Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
3142:
Annuaire de la V Section de Ăcole Pratique des Hautes Ă©tudes
2958:
1858:
Le Grand Parler. Mythes et chants sacrĂ©s des Indiens GuaranĂ
685:
Le Grand Parler. Mythes et chants sacrĂ©s des Indiens GuaranĂ
513:
Clastres's first book was originally published in France by
3186:
Society Against the State: Essays in Political Anthropology
2987:
2985:
2800:
2130:
2115:
655:
in 1967, and "Copernicus and the Savages" was published in
637:
Society Against the State: Essays in Political Anthropology
3974:"Apuntes en torno a la nociĂłn de Poder en Pierre Clastres"
3169:. Jeanine Herman (translator). Los Angeles: Semiotext(e).
2464:
2462:
2265:
2263:
2261:
326:, working at the Laboratory of Social Anthropology of the
3949:. In Zanardini, José; de Bosio, Beatriz Gonzålez (eds.).
3782:. Max Blechman; Martin Breaugh (translators). Cambridge:
3093:
Deleuze's Way: Essays in Transverse Ethics and Aesthetics
2597:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2089:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
736:âand Clastres's last essays. Ranging from articles about
199:. He is best known for his contributions to the field of
3356:. Peter James Bowman (translator). London and New York:
2982:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
1421:
3757:. Martin Breaugh; Devin Penner (translators). Toronto:
2931:
2842:
2638:
2609:
2585:
2573:
2515:
2459:
2447:
2408:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2258:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
435:
people. This experience was used to produce the essays
4103:
Academic staff of the Ăcole pratique des hautes Ă©tudes
3140:
Cartry, Michel (1978). "Pierre Clastres (1934-1977)".
2948:
2946:
2561:
2338:
2086:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1959:
3298:
Gilles Deleuze and FĂ©lix Guattari: Intersecting Lives
2873:
2871:
2869:
2832:
2830:
2815:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2718:
2716:
2691:
2689:
2674:
2662:
2621:
2532:
2530:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2225:
2223:
2198:
2196:
2061:
1430:
with influences from the libertarian socialist group
419:
In 1965 Clastres returned to Paraguay and he met the
3955:
Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción"
2907:
2854:
2486:
2425:
2423:
2396:
2350:
2314:
2302:
2208:
2176:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2051:
2049:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1817:through the works of Pierre Clastres in their book
3944:"La Unidad es el Mal. El legado de Pierre Clastres"
3875:. Durham: Duke University Press. pp. 207â235.
3565:
Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-Politics
2943:
1980:
1947:
1819:
Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics
506:
3979:. In SecretarĂa Nacional de Cultura (Org.) (ed.).
3700:
2919:
2901:
2883:
2866:
2827:
2788:
2782:
2759:
2728:
2713:
2701:
2686:
2656:
2555:
2527:
2498:
2474:
2379:
2290:
2284:
2235:
2220:
2193:
703:. Clastres had the help of Paraguayan ethnologist
3192:; Abe Stein (translators). New York: Zone Books.
2970:
2420:
2142:
2046:
2013:
2001:
443:. In his fourth expedition Clastres travelled to
16:French anthropologist and ethnologist (1934â1977)
4059:
786:. "The Return to Enlightenment" was released in
3981:Paraguay: Ideas, Representaciones e Imaginarios
1910:The title used is the translation by Bowman in
1502:perspective, according to Viveiros de Castro, "
431:region of Paraguay, where he studied groups of
3832:"La pensée en contre-pente de Pierre Clastres"
3803:The Land-without-Evil: Tupi-Guarani Prophetism
1805:The influence of Clastres on the philosophers
494:. Later that year, Clastres, aged 43, died in
328:French National Centre for Scientific Research
246:, Clastres started studying anthropology with
3889:
3410:
2964:
1937:
1935:
1645:Clastres, "Of Torture in Primitive Societies"
1446:in 1956, seeking for a new point of view. In
1402:
762:Dictionnaire des mythologies et des religions
4001:(2011). "Sorrows of the Civilised Warrior".
3561:
3264:
2991:
2124:
1628:had the function of prohibiting inequality:
610:
397:Clastres was student of the anthropologists
138:Centre national de la recherche scientifique
3927:. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. p. 69.
3433:
3350:The Routledge Dictionary of Anthropologists
2109:
1912:The Routledge Dictionary of Anthropologists
1556:Essai sur le fondement du pouvoir politique
697:The Routledge Dictionary of Anthropologists
330:during the 1960s. He was also a student of
187:; 17 May 1934 â 29 July 1977) was a French
3858:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3688:"Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy"
1932:
1409:
1395:
1337:Network Analysis and Ethnographic Problems
276:(1974) and his bibliography also includes
29:
3920:
3911:
3838:(in French). Bordeaux. pp. 109â117.
714:
311:DiplÎme d'études supérieures spécialisées
3813:
3800:
3775:
3748:
3454:
3346:
3183:
3164:
3114:
3046:
2937:
2848:
2809:
2644:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2579:
2567:
2521:
2468:
2453:
2441:
2414:
2402:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2269:
2136:
2097:
2080:
1974:
1821:. They propose that Gandhi's concept of
1608:one, however, they use violent methods:
1549:
554:s literary qualities attracted novelist
543:
318:the following year. He began working in
4088:20th-century French non-fiction writers
3941:
3751:"The Counter-Hobbes of Pierre Clastres"
3722:
3664:Claude Lefort: Thinker of the Political
3582:
3506:
2952:
2214:
2187:
2040:
1357:Political and Legal Anthropology Review
558:; critics, however, qualified it as a "
352:Journal de la Société des Américanistes
4060:
3997:
3953:(in Spanish). Vol. 58. AsunciĂłn:
3866:
3829:
3635:
3553:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
3473:
3388:
3206:
3139:
3008:
2680:
2668:
2632:
2492:
2373:
2308:
2229:
2170:
1995:
1013:Societies without hierarchical leaders
3685:
3534:"Archeology of Violence, new edition"
3528:
3319:
3291:
3089:
2976:
2913:
2860:
2429:
1953:
1638:a power that would escape its control
1599:
1537:Clastres, "Society Against the State"
1422:Structuralism, Marxism, and anarchism
182:
3660:
3603:
3562:Mohan, Shaj; Dwivedi, Divya (2018).
3459:(in French). Paris: Payot Lausanne.
3231:
3011:"Letters: Doing justice to Clastres"
2925:
2889:
2877:
2836:
2821:
2794:
2765:
2753:
2741:
2722:
2707:
2695:
2536:
2509:
2480:
2390:
2296:
2252:
2202:
2151:
2055:
2028:
2007:
1874:Recherches d'anthropologie politique
1434:, Clastres became disenchanted with
789:Revue Française de Science politique
722:Recherches d'anthropologie politique
451:people from 1970 to 1971, and wrote
4078:20th-century French anthropologists
3971:
756:in 1969 and 1974 respectively. For
13:
3742:
3507:Hammond, Ruth (4 September 2011).
676:
591:In opposition to Geertz and Dean,
291:
225:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
14:
4194:
4024:
3514:The Chronicle of Higher Education
1829:
1514:, for Clastres, politics was not
1476:Neither Marxism nor Structuralism
1331:Political economy in anthropology
711:they used to worship their gods.
498:, on 29 July, in a car accident.
423:âthis encounter led him to write
3265:Delacampagne, Christian (1997).
3150:Ăcole pratique des hautes Ă©tudes
3069:BibliothĂšque nationale de France
1836:Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians
1663:
1654:
775:Discourse on Voluntary Servitude
549:Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians
508:Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians
471:alongside the former members of
459:in his last expedition in 1974.
387:
378:
369:Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians
336:Ăcole pratique des hautes Ă©tudes
278:Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians
231:was not considered coercive and
144:Ăcole pratique des hautes Ă©tudes
4148:French expatriates in Venezuela
3913:10.1590/S0034-77012003000200011
3869:"Dialogue with Pierre Clastres"
3704:(2010). "The Untimely, Again".
3323:The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies
3067:
1941:
1904:
1719:
4173:Road incident deaths in France
4143:French expatriates in Paraguay
3047:Abensour, Miguel, ed. (2007).
1193:Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges
670:Nouvelle Revue de Psychanalyse
413:), whose ideas influenced him.
1:
4163:French political philosophers
4083:20th-century French essayists
3942:Silvero, José Manuel (2010).
3267:"Un ethnologue contre l'Ătat"
1892:
1840:Chronique des indiens Guayaki
1794:The Art of Not Being Governed
1364:Journal of Legal Anthropology
1032:The Art of Not Being Governed
441:Sorrows of the Savage Warrior
4138:French expatriates in Brazil
3816:"Entretien avec P. Clastres"
3807:University of Illinois Press
3399:The New York Review of Books
3074:Clastres, Pierre (1934-1977)
1925:
1673:For its perspective on war,
1485:, Clastres's first article,
7:
3921:Schachter, Marc D. (2008).
3873:Writing: the Political Test
3759:University of Toronto Press
3702:Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo
3686:Reghu, J. (14 April 2019).
3644:University of Chicago Press
3609:Modern Intellectual History
3479:"Society Against The State"
3455:Gottraux, Philippe (1997).
3332:Penn State University Press
3275:Bordeaux Segalen University
3210:Writing: the Political Test
3009:Abbink, Jon (August 1999).
1880:
1428:Union of Communist Students
322:after 1956 as a student of
10:
4199:
4178:University of Paris alumni
3830:Coulon, Christian (1997).
3661:Plot, MartĂn, ed. (2013).
3589:. Geneva: Labor et Fides.
3001:
1464:Eduardo Viveiros de Castro
1426:Initially a member of the
1370:Journal of Law and Society
1090:Colonialism and resistance
799:
616:
258:to do fieldwork among the
4041:Society Against the State
4033:Society Against the State
3814:Clastres, Pierre (1975).
3801:Clastres, HĂ©lĂšne (1995).
3776:Abensour, Miguel (2011).
3749:Abensour, Miguel (2011).
3621:10.1017/S1479244303000076
3578:– via Google Books.
3568:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
3347:Gaillard, GĂ©rald (2004).
3303:Columbia University Press
3184:Clastres, Pierre (1989).
3165:Clastres, Pierre (2010).
3123:Columbia University Press
3115:Breckman, Warren (2013).
2965:Gilman & Guilhot 2014
1847:Society Against the State
1747:
1729:and Marxist ("especially
1583:South American Indigenous
1468:Society Against the State
1044:Non-western state systems
1020:African Political Systems
619:Society Against the State
612:Society Against the State
273:Society Against the State
169:
153:
130:
120:
113:
99:Society Against the State
90:
80:
59:
37:
28:
21:
4123:French communist writers
3217:. pp. VIIâXXXVIII.
2992:Mohan & Dwivedi 2018
1914:. Its original title is
1897:
1677:was said to be "an anti-
517:in 1972 under the title
501:
447:, where he observed the
437:What Makes Indians Laugh
3904:University of SĂŁo Paulo
3896:Revista de Antropologia
3867:Lefort, Claude (2000).
3583:Monnier, Alain (2003).
3509:"The Battle Over Zomia"
3273:(in French). Bordeaux:
3158:10.3406/ephe.1976.17149
2902:Viveiros de Castro 2010
2783:Viveiros de Castro 2010
2657:Viveiros de Castro 2010
2556:Viveiros de Castro 2010
2285:Viveiros de Castro 2010
1697:a constant state of war
1069:and the State in Africa
627:was first published by
576:Rousseauian primitivism
4118:French anti-communists
3972:Silvero, José Manuel.
3706:Archeology of Violence
3167:Archeology of Violence
3090:Bogue, Ronald (2007).
1870:Archeology of Violence
1717:
1675:Archeology of Violence
1648:
1544:political anthropology
1540:
1504:historical materialism
1472:Archeology of Violence
1444:French Communist Party
1432:Socialisme ou Barbarie
1311:Circumscription theory
1098:Europe and the People
1067:Technology, Tradition,
734:Archeology of Violence
730:Archeology of Violence
716:Archeology of Violence
629:Les Ăditions de Minuit
563:
473:Socialisme ou Barbarie
298:University of Sorbonne
286:Archeology of Violence
201:political anthropology
105:Archeology of Violence
85:University of Sorbonne
4158:French male essayists
4003:This Is Not a Program
3448:10.3917/mult.034.0084
3427:10.1353/hum.2014.0001
3215:Duke University Press
1706:
1701:Hobbesian proposition
1630:
1550:On power and coercion
1526:
1438:after the raising of
1385:cultural anthropology
1173:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
1026:Papuan Big man system
574:said Clastres had a "
547:
480:Cornelius Castoriadis
238:With a background in
180:French pronunciation:
4128:French ethnographers
3957:. pp. 599â608.
3724:Wallace, David Rains
3492:. pp. 372â385.
3360:. pp. 310â311.
3277:. pp. 103â108.
1512:economic determinism
1178:Wolfgang Fikentscher
1153:Henri J. M. Claessen
908:Pantribal sodalities
770:Ătienne de La BoĂ©tie
184:[pjÉÊklastÊ]
4133:French ethnologists
4098:Anti-Stalinist left
3392:(22 October 1998).
1777:A Thousand Plateaus
1508:subsistence economy
1321:Leftâright paradigm
784:Stone Age Economics
593:David Rains Wallace
407:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
324:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
248:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
217:stateless societies
4183:Writers from Paris
4168:Latin Americanists
3669:Palgrave Macmillan
3394:"Deep Hanging Out"
3234:Anthropology Today
3098:Ashgate Publishing
3019:Anthropology Today
2812:, p. 167â168.
2139:, p. 310â311.
1600:On torture and war
1579:Exchange and Power
1577:In another essay,
1487:Exchange and Power
1442:and abandoned the
1316:Legal anthropology
1218:Thomas Blom Hansen
1148:Robert L. Carneiro
937:Segmentary lineage
874:Leveling mechanism
824:legal anthropology
750:Les Temps modernes
699:referred to it as
652:Les Temps modernes
605:Anthropology Today
585:Anthropology Today
570:". Anthropologist
564:
527:Alfredo Stroessner
462:In 1971 he became
215:and his theory of
4113:French anarchists
4093:Anarchist writers
4016:978-1-58435-097-2
3898:(in Portuguese).
3733:Los Angeles Times
3726:(29 March 1998).
3715:978-1-58435-093-4
3653:978-0-226-03827-8
3499:978-1-55164-311-3
3312:978-0-231-51867-3
3176:978-1-58435-093-4
3060:978-950-9413-08-5
2125:Delacampagne 1997
1618:Anatoly Marchenko
1581:, he argued that
1518:; instead it was
1495:primitive society
1419:
1418:
1143:Jeremy Boissevain
1128:Georges Balandier
1123:E. Adamson Hoebel
689:Ăditions du Seuil
687:was published by
578:, the view that '
453:The Last Frontier
173:
172:
115:Scientific career
4190:
4153:French explorers
4054:
4046:
4039:An Excerpt from
4020:
3994:
3978:
3968:
3948:
3938:
3917:
3915:
3886:
3863:
3857:
3849:
3826:
3825:(in French) (9).
3820:
3810:
3797:
3772:
3737:
3719:
3697:
3682:
3657:
3632:
3600:
3579:
3558:
3552:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3503:
3490:Black Rose Books
3483:
3470:
3451:
3430:
3407:
3390:Geertz, Clifford
3385:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3370:. Archived from
3355:
3343:
3316:
3288:
3261:
3228:
3203:
3180:
3161:
3136:
3111:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3064:
3043:
3015:
2995:
2989:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2825:
2824:, p. 69-70.
2819:
2813:
2807:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2756:, p. 66â67.
2751:
2745:
2739:
2726:
2720:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2606:, p. 54â56.
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2540:
2534:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2377:
2371:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2273:
2267:
2256:
2250:
2233:
2227:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2191:
2185:
2174:
2168:
2155:
2149:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2113:
2110:Glowczewski 2008
2107:
2101:
2095:
2084:
2078:
2059:
2053:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1978:
1972:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1919:
1908:
1780:. His view that
1715:
1667:
1658:
1646:
1626:rites of passage
1538:
1452:Hegelian Marxist
1411:
1404:
1397:
1305:Related articles
1288:Douglas R. White
1278:Jonathan Spencer
1258:Marshall Sahlins
1248:Sally Falk Moore
804:
803:
780:Marshall Sahlins
553:
535:rites of passage
391:
382:
338:(EPHE) in 1959.
235:were powerless.
186:
181:
165:
69:
67:
47:
45:
33:
19:
18:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4108:Former Marxists
4058:
4057:
4052:
4044:
4027:
4017:
4005:. Los Angeles:
3991:
3976:
3965:
3946:
3935:
3883:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3818:
3794:
3769:
3745:
3743:Further reading
3740:
3716:
3679:
3667:. Basingstoke:
3654:
3597:
3576:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3536:
3519:
3517:
3500:
3481:
3467:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3353:
3313:
3293:Dosse, François
3285:
3250:10.2307/2678262
3225:
3200:
3177:
3133:
3108:
3080:
3078:
3061:
3032:10.2307/2678149
3013:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2990:
2983:
2975:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2944:
2936:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2912:
2908:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2867:
2859:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2835:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2752:
2748:
2740:
2729:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2622:
2614:
2610:
2602:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2543:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2380:
2372:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2283:
2276:
2268:
2259:
2251:
2236:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2177:
2169:
2158:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2079:
2062:
2054:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1981:
1973:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1887:Endemic warfare
1883:
1832:
1782:totalitarianism
1750:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1647:
1644:
1602:
1594:Le Grand Parler
1574:' conversion."
1552:
1539:
1536:
1424:
1415:
1375:
1374:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1326:State formation
1306:
1298:
1297:
1283:Bjorn Thomassen
1238:Elizabeth Mertz
1223:Ted C. Lewellen
1168:Pierre Clastres
1118:
1117:Major theorists
1110:
1109:
1100:Without History
1099:
1068:
1004:
996:
995:
918:Paramount chief
850:Achieved status
845:Ascribed status
837:Status and rank
833:
822:
802:
719:
681:
678:Le Grand Parler
621:
615:
572:Clifford Geertz
551:
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496:Gabriac, LozĂšre
492:Maurice Luciani
476:Miguel Abensour
425:Le Grand Parler
417:
416:
415:
414:
394:
393:
392:
384:
383:
357:doctoral thesis
308:in 1957, and a
294:
292:Life and career
282:Le Grand Parler
179:
176:Pierre Clastres
163:
149:
109:
81:Alma mater
76:
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65:
63:
55:
49:
43:
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23:Pierre Clastres
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4026:
4025:External links
4023:
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3421:(1): 111â122.
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1977:, p. 310.
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1956:, p. 122.
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1830:Selected works
1828:
1797:proposes that
1789:James C. Scott
1766:FĂ©lix Guattari
1762:Gilles Deleuze
1758:Marcel Gauchet
1749:
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832:Basic concepts
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766:Interrogations
718:
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617:Main article:
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484:Marcel Gauchet
399:Alfred MĂ©traux
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355:, to his 1965
332:Alfred MĂ©traux
300:, obtaining a
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189:anthropologist
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68:(aged 43)
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4031:Full text of
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3990:9789996767210
3986:
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3964:9789995376338
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3934:9780754664598
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3882:9780822325208
3878:
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3861:
3855:
3847:
3845:9782906691070
3841:
3837:
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3824:
3823:L'Anti-mythes
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3808:
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3799:
3795:
3793:9780745650098
3789:
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3768:9781442650046
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3592:
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3466:9782601032192
3462:
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3449:
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3442:(34): 84â94.
3441:
3438:(in French).
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3409:
3405:
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3391:
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3377:on 2018-02-19
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3251:
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3240:(2). London:
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3224:9780822325208
3220:
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3199:0-942299-01-9
3195:
3191:
3190:Robert Hurley
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2949:
2947:
2939:
2938:Breckman 2013
2934:
2928:, p. 79.
2927:
2922:
2915:
2910:
2904:, p. 34.
2903:
2898:
2892:, p. 56.
2891:
2886:
2880:, p. 78.
2879:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2862:
2857:
2850:
2849:Clastres 2010
2845:
2839:, p. 70.
2838:
2833:
2831:
2823:
2818:
2811:
2810:Clastres 2010
2806:
2804:
2797:, p. 77.
2796:
2791:
2785:, p. 13.
2784:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2768:, p. 68.
2767:
2762:
2755:
2750:
2744:, p. 60.
2743:
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2725:, p. 59.
2724:
2719:
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2710:, p. 65.
2709:
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2658:
2653:
2646:
2645:Clastres 1989
2641:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2617:
2616:Clastres 1989
2612:
2605:
2604:Abensour 2007
2600:
2593:
2592:Clastres 2010
2588:
2581:
2580:Clastres 2010
2576:
2570:, p. 54.
2569:
2568:Abensour 2007
2564:
2558:, p. 12.
2557:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2539:, p. 57.
2538:
2533:
2531:
2523:
2522:Gottraux 1997
2518:
2512:, p. 63.
2511:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2495:, p. XV.
2494:
2489:
2483:, p. 22.
2482:
2477:
2470:
2469:Abensour 2007
2465:
2463:
2455:
2454:Abensour 2007
2450:
2444:, "Contents".
2443:
2442:Clastres 2010
2438:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2416:
2415:Clastres 2010
2411:
2404:
2403:Clastres 2010
2399:
2393:, p. 67.
2392:
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2385:
2383:
2376:, p. 45.
2375:
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2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2347:, p. 90.
2346:
2345:Abensour 2007
2341:
2335:, "Contents".
2334:
2333:Clastres 1989
2329:
2322:
2321:Clastres 1989
2317:
2311:, p. 72.
2310:
2305:
2299:, p. 67.
2298:
2293:
2287:, p. 10.
2286:
2281:
2279:
2271:
2270:Gaillard 2004
2266:
2264:
2262:
2255:, p. 62.
2254:
2249:
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2224:
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2172:
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2165:
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2153:
2148:
2146:
2138:
2137:Gaillard 2004
2133:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2112:, p. 87.
2111:
2106:
2100:, p. 53.
2099:
2098:Abensour 2007
2094:
2092:
2090:
2083:, p. 52.
2082:
2081:Abensour 2007
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2058:, p. 58.
2057:
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2043:, p. 22.
2042:
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2030:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2010:, p. 51.
2009:
2004:
1998:, p. 44.
1997:
1992:
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1975:Gaillard 2004
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731:
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647:
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640:
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608:
606:
601:
599:
598:Structuralist
596:nature" as a
594:
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586:
581:
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569:
561:
557:
550:
546:
542:
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489:
488:Claude Lefort
485:
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344:
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227:in which the
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62:
58:
53:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
4045:(in English)
4040:
4032:
4007:Semiotext(e)
4002:
3980:
3950:
3923:
3899:
3895:
3872:
3835:
3822:
3802:
3778:
3754:
3731:
3705:
3691:
3663:
3638:
3612:
3608:
3605:Moyn, Samuel
3585:
3564:
3537:. Retrieved
3518:. Retrieved
3512:
3488:. Montreal:
3485:
3456:
3439:
3435:
3418:
3412:
3406:(16): 69â72.
3403:
3397:
3379:. Retrieved
3372:the original
3349:
3327:
3321:
3301:. New York:
3297:
3270:
3237:
3233:
3209:
3185:
3166:
3145:
3141:
3121:. New York:
3117:
3092:
3079:. Retrieved
3073:
3049:
3023:
3017:
2972:
2960:
2953:Hammond 2011
2933:
2921:
2909:
2897:
2885:
2856:
2844:
2817:
2790:
2761:
2749:
2703:
2676:
2664:
2652:
2640:
2611:
2599:
2587:
2575:
2563:
2517:
2488:
2476:
2449:
2437:
2410:
2398:
2340:
2328:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2217:, p. 2.
2215:Wallace 1998
2210:
2190:, p. 1.
2188:Wallace 1998
2154:, p. 9.
2132:
2105:
2041:Monnier 2003
2036:
2003:
1949:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1835:
1823:non-violence
1818:
1815:M. K. Gandhi
1804:
1792:
1787:
1775:
1771:Anti-Oedipus
1769:
1755:
1751:
1735:
1727:evolutionist
1723:
1720:On the State
1707:
1694:
1682:
1674:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1621:
1603:
1593:
1578:
1576:
1572:heliocentric
1555:
1553:
1541:
1527:
1519:
1500:
1486:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1425:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1335:
1243:Sidney Mintz
1233:Ralph Linton
1228:Edmund Leach
1188:Morton Fried
1183:Meyer Fortes
1167:
1133:F. G. Bailey
1065:
1030:
1018:
1003:Case studies
962:Ethnic group
932:Band society
807:
793:
787:
783:
773:
765:
761:
753:
749:
747:
733:
729:
726:Semiotext(e)
721:
720:
715:
705:LeĂłn Cadogan
700:
696:
692:
684:
682:
677:
668:
662:
656:
650:
643:
641:
636:
632:
624:
622:
611:
604:
602:
590:
583:
565:
548:
522:
518:
512:
507:
468:
461:
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440:
436:
424:
418:
410:
402:
368:
364:
350:
340:
320:Anthropology
309:
295:
285:
284:(1974), and
281:
277:
271:
237:
193:ethnographer
175:
174:
159:
131:Institutions
125:Anthropology
114:
104:
97:
66:(1977-07-29)
64:29 July 1977
4073:1977 deaths
4068:1934 births
4053:(in French)
3642:. Chicago:
3096:. Farnham:
3077:(in French)
2681:Graham 2009
2669:Parkin 2010
2633:Parkin 2010
2493:Curtis 2000
2374:Cartry 1978
2309:Geertz 1998
2230:Abbink 1999
2171:Geertz 1998
1996:Cartry 1978
1742:primitivism
1738:Samuel Moyn
1606:egalitarian
1521:sui generis
1483:Samuel Moyn
1213:Ulf Hannerz
1208:Lesley Gill
728:in 1994 as
683:In France,
556:Paul Auster
539:Paul Auster
203:, with his
197:ethnologist
146:(1971â1977)
140:(1961â1975)
48:17 May 1934
4062:Categories
3805:. Urbana:
3436:Multitudes
3381:2015-04-26
3334:: 79â140.
3213:. Durham:
2977:Reghu 2019
2914:Bogue 2007
2861:Dosse 2010
1954:Dykes 2005
1893:References
1811:Shaj Mohan
1590:polygamous
1586:chieftains
1105:Cargo cult
1008:Acephelous
898:Matriarchy
893:Patriarchy
880:Leadership
758:Flammarion
664:L'ĂphĂ©mĂšre
429:Gran Chaco
316:Philosophy
306:Literature
266:, and the
244:philosophy
240:literature
233:chieftains
207:among the
44:1934-05-17
3854:cite book
3629:145643749
3615:: 55â80.
3530:MIT Press
3358:Routledge
3340:1526-1018
3152:: 35â45.
2926:Moyn 2004
2890:Plot 2013
2878:Moyn 2004
2837:Moyn 2004
2822:Moyn 2004
2795:Moyn 2004
2766:Moyn 2004
2754:Moyn 2004
2742:Moyn 2004
2723:Moyn 2004
2708:Moyn 2004
2696:Moyn 2004
2537:Moyn 2004
2510:Moyn 2004
2481:Plot 2013
2430:MIT Press
2391:Moyn 2004
2297:Plot 2013
2253:Moyn 2004
2203:Dean 1999
2152:Dean 1999
2056:Moyn 2004
2029:Moyn 2004
2008:Plot 2013
1926:Citations
1731:Engelsian
1699:like the
1564:Max Weber
1562:based on
1530:alienated
1466:declared
1440:Stalinism
1436:Communism
1293:Eric Wolf
865:Age grade
819:Political
742:shamanism
738:ethnocide
445:Venezuela
361:ethnology
221:anarchist
205:fieldwork
3693:The Wire
3549:cite web
3539:27 April
3477:(2009).
3414:Humanity
3295:(2010).
3244:: 9â11.
1881:See also
1712:â
1643:â
1535:â
1350:Journals
947:Chiefdom
924:Polities
810:a series
808:Part of
695:, while
658:Critique
568:romantic
560:romantic
464:lecturer
449:Yanomami
371:(1972).
347:Paraguay
288:(1980).
280:(1972),
268:Yanomami
213:Paraguay
75:, France
54:, France
3258:2678262
3081:4 April
3040:2678149
3002:Sources
1876:), 1980
1854:), 1974
1842:), 1972
1681:book" (
1614:warfare
1610:torture
1460:Marxist
1055:Mandala
888:Big man
869:Age set
800:Thought
754:L'Homme
645:L'Homme
580:savages
562:" work.
433:Chulupi
421:GuaranĂ
343:Guayaki
334:at the
302:licence
264:Chulupi
260:GuaranĂ
209:Guayaki
73:Gabriac
4013:
3999:Tiqqun
3987:
3961:
3931:
3879:
3842:
3790:
3784:Polity
3765:
3712:
3675:
3650:
3627:
3593:
3572:
3520:17 May
3496:
3463:
3364:
3338:
3330:(13).
3309:
3281:
3256:
3221:
3196:
3173:
3148:(85).
3129:
3104:
3057:
3038:
1866:, 1977
1860:, 1974
1748:Legacy
1687:Engels
1679:Hobbes
1491:incest
1381:Social
1050:Negara
709:paeans
490:, and
457:Brazil
405:) and
262:, the
195:, and
164:(1965)
162:
155:Thesis
121:Fields
3977:(PDF)
3947:(PDF)
3902:(2).
3819:(PDF)
3625:S2CID
3482:(PDF)
3375:(PDF)
3354:(PDF)
3254:JSTOR
3036:JSTOR
3014:(PDF)
1898:Notes
1799:Zomia
1560:power
1039:State
942:Tribe
913:Chief
903:Elder
860:Caste
794:Libre
552:'
531:mores
502:Works
469:Libre
411:right
229:power
219:. An
52:Paris
4011:ISBN
3985:ISBN
3959:ISBN
3929:ISBN
3877:ISBN
3860:link
3840:ISBN
3788:ISBN
3763:ISBN
3736:: 3.
3710:ISBN
3673:ISBN
3648:ISBN
3591:ISBN
3570:ISBN
3555:link
3541:2015
3522:2016
3494:ISBN
3461:ISBN
3362:ISBN
3336:ISSN
3307:ISBN
3279:ISBN
3219:ISBN
3194:ISBN
3171:ISBN
3127:ISBN
3102:ISBN
3083:2015
3055:ISBN
1809:and
1774:and
1764:and
1683:left
1612:and
1566:'s "
1470:and
1383:and
1084:Kapu
740:and
515:Plon
439:and
403:left
250:and
242:and
60:Died
38:Born
3908:doi
3617:doi
3444:doi
3423:doi
3404:XLV
3246:doi
3154:doi
3028:doi
1942:BnF
1791:'s
1768:'s
1744:."
821:and
782:'s
772:'s
760:'s
603:In
533:on
359:in
314:in
304:in
211:in
4064::
4009:.
3906:.
3900:46
3894:.
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3856:}}
3852:{{
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