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for defence in case of an
Italian invasion. Fewer than 100 pillboxes still exist, and most are found on the northeastern part of the island. A few of them have been restored and are cared for, but many others were demolished. Some pillboxes are still being destroyed nowadays as the authorities do not
163:
boxes in which medical pills were once sold; also, the first German concrete pillboxes discovered by the Allies in
Belgium were so small and light that they were easily tilted or turned upside down by the nearby explosion of even medium (240mm) shells. However, it seems more likely that it originally
302:
in defence against a German attack. None of these were actually used against their intended enemy during the German invasion, but some were used against the advancing Soviet armies in 1945. The
Japanese also made use of pillboxes in their fortifications of
212:
produced a design for concrete machine-gun pillboxes constructed from a system of interlocking precast concrete blocks, with a steel roof. Around 1,500 Moir pillboxes were eventually produced (with blocks cast at
207:
The concrete nature of pillboxes means that they are a feature of prepared positions. Some pillboxes were designed to be prefabricated and transported to their location for assembly. During World War I, Sir
228:
to conceal their location and to maximise the element of surprise. They may be part of a trench system, form an interlocking line of defence with other pillboxes by providing covering fire to each other
777:
469:
540:
2525:
453:
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489:
787:
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and the construction costs were a scandalous drain on needed funds for social development. Most are now derelict, though some have been repurposed as
437:
155:
The origin of the term is disputed. It has been widely assumed to be a jocular reference to the perceived similarity of the fortifications to the
748:
284:
996:
407:
899:
814:
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33:
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and tunnel complex, but as most of it was below ground, little could be seen from the ground level. The exception were the concrete
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firing step, hardened to protect against small-arms fire and grenades, and raised to improve the field of fire.
1146:
Pill Boxes on the
Western Front: A Guide to the Design, Construction and Use of Concrete Pill Boxes, 1914–1918
3156:
422:
199:
and similar documents of about the same date; and in one instance, as "Pillar Box", as early as March 1916.
2183:
1721:
1231:
476:
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consider them to have any architectural or historic value, despite heritage NGOs calling to preserve them.
2520:
1601:
218:
116:
2116:
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605:
414:
334:
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which were placed above ground to allow the garrison of the
Maginot line to engage an attacking enemy.
3176:
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1123:
2190:
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2140:
68:
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2219:
1976:
1906:
1850:
1427:
1224:
1128:
38:
139:
on the North
Norfolk coast, England. The pillbox broke up during winter storms in February 2021.
3134:
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2322:
1506:
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Pillboxes are hard to defeat and require artillery, anti-tank weapons or grenades to overcome.
650:
3087:
2925:
2707:
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2197:
2020:
1349:
1177:
1136:
920:
914:
753:
182:
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2600:
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2025:
1991:
1391:
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1062:
143:
120:
81:
8:
2889:
2625:
1981:
1359:
1117:
949:
683:
593:
pill-box A concrete fortification mostly used for machine guns, invented by the
Germans.
225:
209:
839:
3011:
2620:
2580:
2575:
2425:
2405:
2202:
1763:
1630:
1374:
893:
651:"Papers on:- Machine-gun pill-box designed by Mr. E. W. Moir, Munitions Council member"
480:
311:
304:
169:
105:
3067:
3026:
3001:
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1183:
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233:), or they may be placed to guard strategic structures such as bridges and jetties.
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1182:, RTPI library series, vol. 3 (illustrated ed.), Routledge, p. 87,
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1998:
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1519:
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569:
192:
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Oldham, Peter (2018). "'Pill box', 'pillbox' or 'pill-box'? What's in a name?".
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paranoia, most never used for their intended purpose although few were used in
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16:
Small fortification with holes through which soldiers can fire ranged weapons
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2010:
1946:
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1807:
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500:
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104:, or concrete dug-in guard-post, often camouflaged, normally equipped with
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2015:
2005:
1911:
1800:
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77:
1608:
147:
A British World War II type 25 circular pillbox on
Sheephatch Lane near
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1966:
1941:
1926:
1696:
1640:
1558:
1405:
1398:
1344:
1216:
606:"Photos show Second War War pillbox on beach which has collapsed"
342:
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136:
24:
3036:
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1956:
1894:
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366:
249:
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on 17 September 1917, following the German withdrawal onto the
997:"Former nuclear bunker becomes museum of Albanian persecution"
778:"WWII pillbox is not worth preserving, cultural watchdog says"
3077:
3021:
2765:
2290:
2121:
1961:
1282:
946:"Once a state secret, these Albanian bunkers are now museums"
701:
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515:
358:
276:
108:
through which defenders can fire weapons. It is in effect a
2059:
1901:
1868:
1843:
1635:
1625:
1594:
1573:
546:
Blockhouse south of Le
Touquet, France. It was part of the
1179:
Planning for crime prevention: a transatlantic perspective
131:
275:, the British built about 200 pillboxes on the island of
1165:
Stand To! The
Journal of the Western Front Association
944:
Barger, Jennifer; Bellingreri, Marta (24 March 2021).
172:
on the pillbox and the letter-slot on the pillar box.
1115:
248:
built between the world wars consisted of a massive
135:
A British World War II type 22 hexagonal pillbox in
1022:Hernandez, Marco; Holder, Josh (14 December 2022).
287:were constructed in Britain in 1940 as part of the
195:. Other unpublished occurrences have been found in
1116:
289:British anti-invasion preparations of World War II
943:
794:
376:, pillboxes have been used to gain advantages in
307:, and on other occupied islands and territories.
291:. About 6,500 of these structures still survive.
285:pillboxes and other hardened field fortifications
181:on 2 August 1917, following the beginning of the
3148:
1176:Schneider, Richard Harold; Kitchen, Ted (2002),
1175:
707:
1488:
1021:
2050:
1996:
1814:
1660:
115:The modern concrete pillbox originated on the
2705:
2435:
2264:
2240:
1857:
1848:
1805:
1529:
1325:
1316:
1232:
815:"Albania's 750,000 Concrete Cold War Bunkers"
749:"Wartime pillbox at Salina being pulled down"
2824:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2376:
2351:
2327:
2288:
2279:
2231:
2217:
2188:
2159:
2150:
2126:
2087:
1892:
1873:
1791:
1740:
1731:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1606:
1592:
1583:
1466:
1443:
1095:
775:
475:An Israeli pillbox 5.4 metres above ground,
168:, with a comparison being drawn between the
1475:
1457:
1403:
1389:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
92:A British mini-pillbox in Jerusalem, Israel
1239:
1225:
1098:"About the Defence of East Sussex Project"
1064:A Review Of The Defence of Britain Project
898:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
634:
632:
574:. Bloomsbury Publishing (published 2014).
571:Soldiers' Songs and Slang of the Great War
643:
863:
142:
130:
87:
67:
49:of all important aspects of the article.
912:
906:
812:
776:Leone Ganado, Philip (30 August 2016).
629:
3149:
1162:
1143:
1078:
969:
870:. Slavenka Drakulić, Jaap Scholten. .
671:
638:
567:
45:Please consider expanding the lead to
1220:
1060:
800:
665:
76:hexagonal pillbox on the bank of the
1137:participating institution membership
813:Obscura, Atlas (27 September 2013).
18:
2631:Weapons Storage and Security System
676:
13:
1246:
329:from the 1960s until the 1980s in
298:were built before World War II in
296:Czechoslovak border fortifications
202:
14:
3188:
3172:Concrete buildings and structures
1198:
1067:, Council for British Archaeology
972:"The Cold War Bunkers of Albania"
568:Pegler, Martin (20 August 2014).
3130:
3129:
1204:
1024:"Defenses Carved Into the Earth"
539:
523:
507:
488:
468:
452:
436:
421:
406:
390:
374:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
23:
1015:
989:
963:
937:
857:
832:
806:
769:
741:
37:may be too short to adequately
1096:Hibbs, Peter (20 April 2016).
970:Taylor, Allan (13 June 2019).
721:"Guided tour of WWII defences"
713:
616:
598:
561:
530:Interior of a quay pillbox in
514:Exterior of a quay pillbox in
175:The term is found in print in
47:provide an accessible overview
1:
2526:British "hedgehog" road block
1053:
653:. National Archives of the UK
1192:– via books.google.com
1079:Hellis, John (1 June 2001).
708:Schneider & Kitchen 2002
126:
7:
3167:20th-century fortifications
2936:Cities with defensive walls
2521:Defensive fighting position
2436:
2241:
2051:
1997:
1858:
1849:
1815:
1806:
1661:
10:
3193:
919:. Lonely Planet. pp.
383:
343:residential accommodations
3120:
3050:
2974:
2918:
2852:
2738:
2643:
2566:Hardened aircraft shelter
2541:Entry control point (ECP)
2453:
2364:
2080:
2073:
1505:
1254:
1124:Oxford English Dictionary
688:South East History Boards
459:A camouflaged pillbox in
428:A type 10 pillbox on the
217:in Kent) and sent to the
3063:Continuity of government
916:Tony Wheeler's Bad Lands
864:Galjaard, David (2012).
554:
495:A guard pillbox used on
335:the Insurrection of 1997
2885:Motte-and-bailey castle
2591:Missile launch facility
2586:Main line of resistance
1281:
1129:Oxford University Press
1081:"Why the name Pillbox?"
624:"Why the name Pillbox?"
239:
119:of World War I, in the
3162:Fortifications by type
2961:Military installations
2825:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2706:
2377:
2352:
2328:
2318:Scarp and Counterscarp
2289:
2280:
2265:
2232:
2218:
2189:
2160:
2151:
2127:
2088:
1893:
1874:
1792:
1741:
1732:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1607:
1593:
1584:
1530:
1489:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1444:
1404:
1390:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1272:
1144:Oldham, Peter (2011).
913:Wheeler, Tony (2007).
477:Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut
319:
152:
140:
93:
85:
2730:Floating water castle
2461:Admiralty scaffolding
1754:Fortified buildings (
1083:. Pillbox Study Group
754:The Malta Independent
183:Third Battle of Ypres
146:
134:
91:
71:
3157:Pillboxes (military)
3073:Subterranean warfare
2026:Viking ring fortress
1213:at Wikimedia Commons
840:"Bunkers of Albania"
443:A square pillbox in
322:) were built by the
224:Pillboxes are often
82:Lullington, Somerset
2890:Quadrangular castle
2626:Weapon storage area
1982:Quadrangular castle
1148:. Pen & Sword.
1127:(Online ed.).
950:National Geographic
626:Pillbox Study Group
612:. 18 February 2021.
327:Hoxhaist government
210:Ernest William Moir
2621:Underground hangar
2406:Fire control tower
2203:Gunpowder magazine
1631:Butter-churn tower
1102:www.pillbox.org.uk
1028:The New York Times
1003:. 20 November 2016
790:on 30 August 2016.
294:Pillboxes for the
153:
151:in Surrey, England
141:
94:
86:
3144:
3143:
3068:Military urbanism
3002:Fortified gateway
2875:Concentric castle
2639:
2638:
2556:Fire support base
2396:Coastal artillery
2271:(Spanish America)
1865:
1707:Concentric castle
1209:Media related to
1189:978-0-415-24136-6
1135:(Subscription or
1001:Chicago Sun-Times
930:978-1-74179-186-0
877:978-94-6190-781-3
729:. 2 December 2005
312:750,000 pillboxes
269:Abyssinian Crisis
64:
63:
3184:
3177:Military science
3133:
3132:
3126:
3017:National redoubt
2946:Fortified estate
2870:Circular rampart
2830:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2711:
2471:Anti-tank trench
2466:Air raid shelter
2441:
2401:Disappearing gun
2382:
2357:
2333:
2294:
2285:
2270:
2246:
2237:
2223:
2194:
2165:
2156:
2132:
2093:
2078:
2077:
2056:
2036:Bailey (or ward)
2002:
1907:Motte-and-bailey
1898:
1879:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1820:
1811:
1797:
1746:
1737:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1612:
1598:
1589:
1535:
1492:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1449:
1409:
1395:
1335:Circular rampart
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1193:
1172:
1159:
1140:
1132:
1120:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1075:
1074:
1072:
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986:
984:
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961:
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941:
935:
934:
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904:
903:
897:
889:
861:
855:
854:
852:
850:
836:
830:
829:
827:
825:
810:
804:
798:
792:
791:
786:. Archived from
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
745:
739:
738:
736:
734:
717:
711:
705:
699:
698:
696:
694:
680:
674:
669:
663:
662:
660:
658:
647:
641:
636:
627:
620:
614:
613:
602:
596:
595:
590:
588:
565:
543:
527:
511:
492:
472:
456:
440:
425:
410:
394:
260:, pillboxes and
231:defence in depth
59:
56:
50:
27:
19:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3124:
3116:
3046:
2970:
2914:
2848:
2783:Imperial castle
2756:Coercion castle
2751:Coastal defence
2734:
2696:Promontory fort
2666:Hillside castle
2635:
2551:Fallout shelter
2516:Concertina wire
2496:Border security
2449:
2360:
2069:
1702:Coercion castle
1690:Cheval de frise
1672:Chemin de ronde
1520:Albarrana tower
1501:
1446:Schwedenschanze
1423:Promontory fort
1250:
1245:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1156:
1134:
1106:
1104:
1086:
1084:
1070:
1068:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
995:
994:
990:
980:
978:
968:
964:
954:
952:
942:
938:
931:
911:
907:
891:
890:
878:
862:
858:
848:
846:
838:
837:
833:
823:
821:
811:
807:
799:
795:
774:
770:
760:
758:
757:. 10 April 2014
747:
746:
742:
732:
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719:
718:
714:
706:
702:
692:
690:
682:
681:
677:
670:
666:
656:
654:
649:
648:
644:
637:
630:
621:
617:
610:www.edp24.co.uk
604:
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528:
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493:
484:
473:
464:
457:
448:
441:
432:
426:
417:
411:
402:
395:
386:
363:animal shelters
339:1999 Kosovo War
242:
205:
203:Characteristics
193:Hindenburg Line
129:
60:
54:
51:
44:
32:This article's
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3190:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3102:
3100:Trench warfare
3097:
3095:Tunnel warfare
3092:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2951:Fortifications
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2761:Counter-castle
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:Border barrier
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Lowland castle
2678:
2673:
2671:Hilltop castle
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2546:Electric fence
2543:
2538:
2536:Dragon's teeth
2533:
2531:Czech hedgehog
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2445:Wire obstacles
2442:
2433:
2431:Polygonal fort
2428:
2423:
2421:Martello tower
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2386:Border outpost
2383:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2260:Polygonal fort
2257:
2252:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2224:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1871:
1866:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1798:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1752:
1750:Flanking tower
1747:
1738:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:Counter-castle
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1604:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1507:Post-classical
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1497:Vitrified fort
1494:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1450:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1355:Defensive wall
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:Fortifications
1244:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1200:
1199:External links
1197:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1173:
1160:
1154:
1141:
1113:
1093:
1076:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1014:
988:
962:
936:
929:
905:
876:
856:
831:
819:Slate Magazine
805:
793:
783:Times of Malta
768:
740:
726:Times of Malta
712:
700:
684:"Moir pillbox"
675:
664:
642:
628:
622:Hellis, John.
615:
597:
580:
559:
558:
556:
553:
552:
551:
545:
538:
536:
529:
522:
520:
513:
506:
504:
494:
487:
485:
474:
467:
465:
458:
451:
449:
442:
435:
433:
430:Siegfried Line
427:
420:
418:
412:
405:
403:
396:
389:
385:
382:
378:trench warfare
300:Czechoslovakia
241:
238:
204:
201:
128:
125:
62:
61:
41:the key points
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3189:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3137:
3136:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3105:Urban warfare
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Civil defense
3056:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Bastion forts
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2910:Z-plan castle
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2880:L-plan castle
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:Bridge castle
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:Refuge castle
2832:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:Military base
2813:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Hunting lodge
2776:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Moated castle
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Island castle
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:By topography
2642:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Submarine pen
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:Hesco bastion
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Blast shelter
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Place-of-arms
2253:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1888:Machicolation
1886:
1884:
1883:L-plan castle
1881:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Bridge castle
1614:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1579:Bent entrance
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Battery tower
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Advanced work
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1439:Refuge castle
1437:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1155:9781473817227
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:"pillbox, n."
1114:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1082:
1077:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1002:
998:
992:
977:
973:
966:
951:
947:
940:
932:
926:
922:
918:
917:
909:
901:
895:
887:
883:
879:
873:
869:
868:
860:
845:
844:Atlas Obscura
841:
835:
820:
816:
809:
802:
797:
789:
785:
784:
779:
772:
756:
755:
750:
744:
728:
727:
722:
716:
710:, p. 87.
709:
704:
689:
685:
679:
673:
668:
652:
646:
640:
635:
633:
625:
619:
611:
607:
601:
594:
583:
581:9781472809292
577:
573:
572:
564:
560:
549:
548:Atlantic Wall
542:
537:
533:
526:
521:
517:
510:
505:
502:
498:
497:Robben Island
491:
486:
482:
478:
471:
466:
462:
455:
450:
446:
439:
434:
431:
424:
419:
416:
415:Putney Bridge
409:
404:
400:
397:A pillbox in
393:
388:
387:
381:
379:
375:
370:
369:as a museum.
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
283:About 28,000
281:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
237:
234:
232:
227:
222:
220:
219:Western Front
216:
211:
200:
198:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
173:
171:
167:
162:
158:
150:
145:
138:
133:
124:
122:
118:
117:Western Front
113:
111:
107:
103:
100:is a type of
99:
90:
83:
79:
75:
70:
66:
58:
48:
42:
40:
35:
30:
26:
21:
20:
3128:
3083:Siege engine
3051:Other topics
2975:Related word
2941:Defense line
2905:Tower castle
2860:Bastion fort
2844:Urban castle
2772:Ganerbenburg
2770:
2725:Water castle
2701:Ridge castle
2686:Marsh castle
2595:
2501:Bomb shelter
2481:Belgian gate
2454:20th century
2365:19th century
2303:Retrenchment
2275:Punji sticks
2184:Entrenchment
2179:Device Forts
2146:Counterguard
2081:Early modern
2011:Tower castle
1947:Powder tower
1922:Outer bailey
1834:Inner bailey
1808:Gulyay-gorod
1776:Ganerbenburg
1774:
1770:Fujian tulou
1712:Corner tower
1651:Chamber gate
1621:Bridge tower
1469:Trou de loup
1178:
1168:
1164:
1145:
1122:
1105:. Retrieved
1101:
1087:10 September
1085:. Retrieved
1069:, retrieved
1063:
1039:. Retrieved
1027:
1017:
1007:20 September
1005:. Retrieved
991:
981:20 September
979:. Retrieved
976:The Atlantic
965:
955:20 September
953:. Retrieved
939:
915:
908:
866:
859:
847:. Retrieved
843:
834:
822:. Retrieved
818:
808:
796:
788:the original
781:
771:
759:. Retrieved
752:
743:
731:. Retrieved
724:
715:
703:
691:. Retrieved
687:
678:
667:
655:. Retrieved
645:
618:
609:
600:
592:
585:. Retrieved
570:
563:
501:World War II
371:
309:
293:
282:
273:World War II
271:of 1936 and
267:Between the
266:
246:Maginot Line
243:
235:
223:
206:
188:The Scotsman
186:
176:
174:
166:pillar boxes
154:
114:
97:
95:
74:World War II
65:
55:October 2020
52:
36:
34:lead section
2982:Castle town
2839:Toll castle
2808:Lustschloss
2790:Kaiserpfalz
2720:Spur castle
2715:Rock castle
2656:Hill castle
2651:Cave castle
2611:Spider hole
2511:Bremer wall
2476:Barbed tape
2372:Barbed wire
2046:Witch tower
2016:Tower house
2006:Toll castle
1992:Shield wall
1912:Murder hole
1801:Guard tower
1418:Pincer gate
1365:Faussebraye
1107:10 December
1061:CBA staff,
761:1 September
733:1 September
672:Oldham 2011
639:Oldham 2018
445:St Julian's
413:Pillbox at
372:During the
365:and one in
355:storehouses
258:gun turrets
254:blockhouses
244:The French
226:camouflaged
215:Richborough
197:war diaries
164:alluded to
157:cylindrical
121:German Army
78:Mells River
3151:Categories
3007:Gatekeeper
2827:Ordensburg
2799:Landesburg
2606:Sentry gun
2561:Flak tower
2491:Blast wall
2411:Gun turret
2308:Sally port
2213:Kotta mara
2153:Couvreface
2117:Breastwork
2112:Blockhouse
2090:Abwurfdach
2041:Watchtower
2031:Wall tower
1987:Shell keep
1937:Portcullis
1932:Peel tower
1917:Neck ditch
1876:Landesburg
1824:Half tower
1782:Gate tower
1727:Drawbridge
1569:Battlement
1485:Wagon fort
1328:Chengqiang
1139:required.)
1054:References
1041:25 January
849:23 October
824:23 October
693:4 December
657:4 December
587:22 October
351:nightclubs
102:blockhouse
3110:Guerrilla
2853:By design
2601:Revetment
2416:Land mine
2347:Star fort
2174:Crownwork
2169:Covertway
2102:Barricade
1743:Embrasure
1656:Chartaque
1586:Bergfried
1544:Arrowslit
1370:Gatehouse
1340:City gate
1301:Castellum
1267:Acropolis
1211:Pillboxes
1036:0362-4331
894:cite book
886:841773976
867:Concresco
801:CBA staff
481:Route 443
401:, Crimea.
399:Balaklava
221:in 1918.
185:; and in
178:The Times
161:hexagonal
127:Etymology
123:in 1916.
106:loopholes
84:, England
39:summarize
3135:Category
3125:See also
3012:Loophole
2900:Ringwork
2895:Ringfort
2820:Obstacle
2661:Hillfort
2581:Loophole
2379:Barbette
2354:Tenaille
2337:Sea fort
2267:Presidio
2227:Magazine
2208:Hornwork
2141:Cavalier
2136:Casemate
2129:Caponier
1972:Ringwork
1860:Detinets
1829:Hoarding
1734:Enceinte
1609:Bretèche
1554:Bartizan
1549:Barbican
1525:Alcazaba
1453:Stockade
1433:Ringfort
1413:Palisade
1385:Landwehr
1380:Hillfort
1171:: 15–21.
337:and the
331:Cold War
324:Albanian
320:bunkerët
316:Albanian
305:Iwo Jima
170:loophole
3042:Vedette
3032:Schloss
2997:Festung
2992:Dungeon
2987:Château
2931:Castles
2739:By role
2596:Pillbox
2426:Outpost
2342:Station
2330:Schanze
2313:Sandbag
2298:Redoubt
2282:Ravelin
2250:Palanka
2234:Orillon
2220:Lunette
2162:Coupure
2107:Bastion
2097:Arsenal
2065:Zwinger
1977:Roundel
1967:Ricetto
1942:Postern
1927:Outwork
1851:Kremlin
1722:Curtain
1697:Citadel
1681:Chemise
1641:Caltrop
1559:Bastion
1532:Alcázar
1428:Rampart
1406:Oppidum
1399:Nuraghe
1345:Crannog
1319:Castros
1255:Ancient
534:, Japan
518:, Japan
499:during
463:, Malta
447:, Malta
384:Gallery
262:cupolas
149:Tilford
137:Kelling
98:pillbox
3037:Trench
3027:Picket
2438:Sangar
2391:Bunker
2323:Sconce
2243:Ostrog
2191:Flèche
2074:Modern
2053:Yagura
2021:Turret
1957:Reduit
1895:Merlon
1839:Kasbah
1817:Gusuku
1794:Glacis
1787:Gabion
1756:church
1663:Chashi
1646:Castle
1490:Laager
1478:Vallum
1435:(Rath)
1310:Castra
1292:Burgus
1262:Abatis
1186:
1152:
1071:30 May
1034:
927:
884:
874:
578:
479:(near
461:Qrendi
367:Tirana
359:cabins
310:About
250:bunker
110:trench
3078:Siege
3022:Palas
2966:Walls
2956:Forts
2919:Lists
2766:Fence
2708:Rocca
2576:Kabal
2291:Redan
2198:Gorge
2122:Canal
1999:Shiro
1962:Ribat
1952:Qalat
1764:Dzong
1760:house
1460:Sudis
1392:Limes
1350:Ditch
1283:Broch
1274:Agger
1133:
921:48–49
555:Notes
532:Ikata
516:Ikata
347:cafés
277:Malta
3088:list
2506:Buoy
2060:Yett
1902:Moat
1869:Ksar
1844:Keep
1636:Caer
1626:Burh
1602:Boom
1595:Berm
1574:Bawn
1539:Amba
1375:Gord
1184:ISBN
1150:ISBN
1109:2023
1089:2009
1073:2006
1043:2023
1032:ISSN
1009:2024
983:2024
957:2024
925:ISBN
900:link
882:OCLC
872:ISBN
851:2022
826:2022
763:2014
735:2014
695:2016
659:2016
589:2021
576:ISBN
240:Uses
159:and
1360:Dun
1169:112
80:at
3153::
3127::
1762:,
1758:,
1167:.
1121:.
1100:.
1030:.
1026:.
999:.
974:.
948:.
923:.
896:}}
892:{{
880:.
842:.
817:.
780:.
751:.
723:.
686:.
631:^
608:.
591:.
380:.
361:,
357:,
353:,
349:,
345:,
318::
256:,
96:A
72:A
1864:)
1856:(
1766:)
1493:)
1487:(
1240:e
1233:t
1226:v
1158:.
1131:.
1111:.
1091:.
1045:.
1011:.
985:.
959:.
933:.
902:)
888:.
853:.
828:.
803:.
765:.
737:.
697:.
661:.
483:)
314:(
229:(
57:)
53:(
43:.
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