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sides of the piston skirt around the gudgeon pin are reduced away from the cylinder wall. The purpose is mostly to reduce the reciprocating mass, thus making it easier to balance the engine and so permit high speeds. In racing applications, slipper piston skirts can be configured to yield extremely light weight while maintaining the rigidity and strength of a full skirt. Reduced inertia also improves mechanical efficiency of the engine: the forces required to accelerate and decelerate the reciprocating parts cause more piston friction with the cylinder wall than the fluid pressure on the piston head. A secondary benefit may be some reduction in friction with the cylinder wall, since the area of the skirt, which slides up and down in the cylinder is reduced by half. However, most friction is due to the
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318:. These are a number of narrow iron rings, fitted loosely into grooves in the piston, just below the crown. The rings are split at a point in the rim, allowing them to press against the cylinder with a light spring pressure. Two types of ring are used: the upper rings have solid faces and provide gas sealing; lower rings have narrow edges and a U-shaped profile, to act as oil scrapers. There are many proprietary and detail design features associated with piston rings.
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556:, the transfer (inlet to the cylinder) and exhaust ports are on directly facing sides of the cylinder wall. To prevent the incoming mixture passing straight across from one port to the other, the piston has a raised rib on its crown. This is intended to deflect the incoming mixture upwards, around the
465:
extending downwards from the piston to what is effectively a second smaller-diameter piston. The main piston is responsible for gas sealing and carries the piston rings. The smaller piston is purely a mechanical guide. It runs within a small cylinder as a trunk guide and also carries the gudgeon pin.
436:
with separate crosshead and were instead the first engine design to place the gudgeon pin directly within the piston. Otherwise these trunk engine pistons bore little resemblance to the trunk piston; they were extremely large diameter and double-acting. Their 'trunk' was a narrow cylinder mounted in
563:
Much effort, and many different designs of piston crown, went into developing improved scavenging. The crowns developed from a simple rib to a large asymmetric bulge, usually with a steep face on the inlet side and a gentle curve on the exhaust. Despite this, cross scavenging was never as effective
671:
piston, shaped more like those in a modern internal-combustion engine.) Another factor is that since almost all steam engines use crossheads to translate the force to the drive rod, there are few lateral forces acting to try and "rock" the piston, so a cylinder-shaped piston skirt isn't necessary.
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is a piston for a petrol engine that has been reduced in size and weight as much as possible. In the extreme case, they are reduced to the piston crown, support for the piston rings, and just enough of the piston skirt remaining to leave two lands so as to stop the piston rocking in the bore. The
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instead. Billet pistons are also used in racing engines because they do not rely on the size and architecture of available forgings, allowing for last-minute design changes. Although not commonly visible to the naked eye, pistons themselves are designed with a certain level of ovality and profile
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The pin itself is of hardened steel and is fixed in the piston, but free to move in the connecting rod. A few designs use a 'fully floating' design that is loose in both components. All pins must be prevented from moving sideways and the ends of the pin digging into the cylinder wall, usually by
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High-power diesel engines work in difficult conditions. Maximum pressure in the combustion chamber can reach 20 MPa and the maximum temperature of some piston surfaces can exceed 450 °C. It is possible to improve piston cooling by creating a special cooling cavity.
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supplies this cooling cavity «A» with oil through oil supply channel «B». For better temperature reduction construction should be carefully calculated and analysed. Oil flow in the cooling cavity should be not less than 80% of the oil flow through the injector.
628:. A hydraulic actuator controls the movement of the piston back and/or forth. Guide rings guides the piston and rod and absorb the radial forces that act perpendicularly to the cylinder and prevent contact between sliding the metal parts.
409:
Trunk pistons have been a common design of piston since the early days of the reciprocating internal combustion engine. They were used for both petrol and diesel engines, although high speed engines have now adopted the lighter weight
473:: the oil is not contaminated by combustion soot particles, it does not break down owing to the heat and a thinner, less viscous oil may be used. The friction of both piston and crosshead may be only half of that for a trunk piston.
345:, but there were obvious benefits for engine balancing if a lighter alloy could be used. To produce pistons that could survive engine combustion temperatures, it was necessary to develop new alloys such as
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In racing engines, piston strength and stiffness is typically much higher than that of a passenger car engine, while the weight is much less, to achieve the high engine RPM necessary in racing.
406:. As the connecting rod is angled for much of its rotation, there is also a side force that reacts along the side of the piston against the cylinder wall. A longer piston helps to support this.
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instead. This places a pair of transfer ports in the sides of the cylinder and encourages gas flow to rotate around a vertical axis, rather than a horizontal axis.
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667:. Consequently, steam engine pistons are nearly always comparatively thin discs: their diameter is several times their thickness. (One exception is the
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are usually double-acting (i.e. steam pressure acts alternately on each side of the piston) and the admission and release of steam is controlled by
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191:. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the
513:, which are the parts which actually fit the tightest in the bore and the bearing surfaces of the wrist pin, and thus the benefit is reduced.
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double-acting two-stroke diesel engine. Although compact, for use in a cramped submarine, this design of engine was not repeated.
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Large slow-speed Diesel engines may require additional support for the side forces on the piston. These engines typically use
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A characteristic of most trunk pistons, particularly for diesel engines, is that they have a groove for an oil ring below the
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with crankcase compression, where the gas flow within the cylinder must be carefully directed in order to provide efficient
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taper, meaning they are not perfectly round, and their diameter is larger near the bottom of the skirt than at the crown.
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286:. According to purpose, supercharging level and working conditions of engines the shape and proportions can be changed.
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Lubrication of the crosshead has advantages over the trunk piston as its lubricating oil is not subject to the
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275:(US: wrist pin). This pin is mounted within the piston: unlike the steam engine, there is no piston rod or
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A handful of submarines in the following class used a similar engine, with almost equally poor results.
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Because of the additional weight of these pistons, they are not used for high-speed engines.
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Trunk pistons are long relative to their diameter. They act both as a piston and cylindrical
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179:. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the
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The typical piston design is on the picture. This type of piston is widely used in car
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976:"Racing Piston Technology – Piston Weight And Design – Circle Track Magazine"
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space at the top of the cylinder. This force then acts downwards through the
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874:"Full-Round vs. Strutted: Piston Forging Designs and Skirt Styles Explained"
16:
Machine component used to compress or contain expanding fluids in a cylinder
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722:: close tolerance pistons and double pistons. In close tolerance pistons
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364:, but otherwise effectively all internal combustion engine pistons are
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is acted upon by the pressure of the expanding combustion gases in the
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795:, an internal combustion engine design with a rotor instead of pistons
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432:. To make these more compact, they avoided the steam engine's usual
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serve as a valve, but O-rings are not used in double piston types.
333:. For better strength and fatigue life, some racing pistons may be
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271:. The connecting rod is attached to the piston by a swivelling
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421:, in addition to the rings between the gudgeon pin and crown.
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in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a
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piston, with a metal piston ring spring-loaded against the
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1023:. Vol. I: Slow-Speed Engines (1st ed.). London:
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was fitted with a prototype of the infamously unreliable
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
616:Pistons of Hydraulic cylinders used in a hot press
3286:
1083:
718:There are two special type of pistons used in
596:. The piston seal is made by turns of wrapped
235:
2338:
1738:
1069:
919:Piston with improved side loading resistance
2345:
2331:
1745:
1731:
1076:
1062:
424:The name 'trunk piston' derives from the '
302:A – cooling cavity; B – oil supply channel
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1142:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
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3220:Glossary of steam locomotive components
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314:Gas sealing is achieved by the use of
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1726:
1057:
461:pistons. The main piston has a large
1044:How Stuff Works – Basic Engine Parts
528:
452:
411:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
1759:components, systems and terminology
353:, specifically for use as pistons.
13:
3072:National Museum of Scotland engine
871:
491:
392:Internal combustion engine pistons
14:
3311:
2352:
1032:
850:
680:Piston pumps can be used to move
583:
564:as hoped. Most engines today use
279:(except big two stroke engines).
206:
3254:List of steam technology patents
631:
620:Hydraulic cylinders can be both
571:
516:
479:
440:
397:
385:
30:
1244:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
997:
968:
225:
41:needs additional citations for
3239:Murdoch's model steam carriage
3225:History of steam road vehicles
2081:Propeller speed reduction unit
1021:The Internal Combustion Engine
963:Irving, Two stroke power units
951:Irving, Two stroke power units
910:
865:
844:
824:
807:
713:
691:
544:Deflector pistons are used in
247:piston, sectioned to show the
221:Four-piston engine (3D render)
1:
3166:Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine
853:"What Makes A Racing Piston?"
837:
592:Early (c. 1830) piston for a
143:Animation of a piston system.
2889:Return connecting rod engine
1891:Capacitor discharge ignition
702:
7:
2813:Condensing steam locomotive
783:Steam locomotive components
729:
236:Internal combustion engines
199:by covering and uncovering
132:Pistons within a sectioned
10:
3316:
3120:"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"
1085:Internal combustion engine
706:
695:
437:the centre of the piston.
257:internal combustion engine
245:Internal combustion engine
210:
18:
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3183:
3156:
3137:
3126:"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive
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2795:Single- and double-acting
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1934:
1901:Electronic fuel injection
1876:
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1764:
1702:
1666:
1626:
1581:
1553:Diesel particulate filter
1538:
1505:Idle air control actuator
1487:
1454:
1446:Engine control unit (ECU)
1436:
1383:
1337:
1299:
1219:
1104:
1091:
175:and is made gas-tight by
2965:Newcomen Memorial Engine
1947:Aircraft engine starting
1618:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
1530:Throttle position sensor
1239:Overhead camshaft layout
941:, pp. 119–120, 122.
800:
709:Reciprocating compressor
675:
3269:Timeline of steam power
3264:Stationary steam engine
3147:Woolf's compound engine
3054:Soho Manufactory engine
2909:Steeple compound engine
2576:straight line mechanism
1992:Mean effective pressure
1157:Core plug (freeze plug)
1049:Piston Motion Equations
813:'Gas' here refers to a
768:Piston motion equations
362:double-acting cylinders
21:Piston (disambiguation)
3274:Water-returning engine
3248:Lean's Engine Reporter
3021:Chacewater Mine engine
2894:Six-column beam engine
2032:Time between overhauls
1009:Two-Stroke Power Units
752:Gas-operated reloading
649:
617:
601:
541:
501:
428:', an early design of
341:Early pistons were of
303:
252:
232:
222:
144:
136:
3114:London Steam Carriage
2307:Ice protection system
2047:Volumetric efficiency
2012:Overhead valve engine
639:
615:
591:
580:at Wikimedia Commons
536:
525:at Wikimedia Commons
499:
488:at Wikimedia Commons
449:at Wikimedia Commons
394:at Wikimedia Commons
301:
243:
230:
220:
153:reciprocating engines
142:
131:
3060:Bradley Works engine
2884:Reciprocating engine
2707:Babcock & Wilcox
2550:Centrifugal governor
2292:Auxiliary power unit
2172:Flight data recorder
1398:Compression ignition
1039:Piston Engines Essay
754:, using a gas piston
321:Pistons are usually
213:Reciprocating engine
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2601:Sun and planet gear
2261:Pressure carburetor
1997:Naturally aspirated
1967:Engine displacement
1548:Catalytic converter
608:Hydraulic cylinders
430:marine steam engine
372:, the US submarine
169:pneumatic cylinders
165:hydraulic cylinders
3101:Richard Trevithick
2699:Water-tube boilers
2513:Gresley conjugated
2276:Updraft carburetor
2150:Engine instruments
2076:Propeller governor
1972:Four-stroke engine
1674:Knocking / pinging
1266:Combustion chamber
763:List of auto parts
758:Hydraulic cylinder
698:Reciprocating pump
650:
618:
602:
558:combustion chamber
546:two-stroke engines
542:
502:
471:heat of combustion
304:
261:combustion chamber
253:
233:
223:
151:is a component of
145:
137:
3300:Engine technology
3282:
3281:
3208:
3207:
3087:
3086:
2771:
2770:
2671:Fire-tube boilers
2526:
2525:
2320:
2319:
2157:Annunciator panel
2145:
2144:
2055:
2054:
2037:Two-stroke engine
2007:Overhead camshaft
1987:Manifold pressure
1957:Compression ratio
1720:
1719:
1689:Stratified charge
1456:Electrical system
1438:Engine management
1271:Compression ratio
1211:Starter ring gear
1110:rotating assembly
965:, pp. 15–16.
953:, pp. 13–15.
578:Deflector pistons
576:Media related to
566:Schnuerle porting
529:Deflector pistons
521:Media related to
486:Crosshead pistons
484:Media related to
453:Crosshead pistons
445:Media related to
390:Media related to
203:in the cylinder.
126:
125:
118:
100:
3307:
3232:fardier à vapeur
3066:Whitbread Engine
3027:Smethwick Engine
2995:
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2934:
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2753:Feedwater heater
2621:
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2347:
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2302:Hydraulic system
2122:Counter-rotating
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1818:Hydraulic tappet
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1563:Exhaust manifold
1428:Spark plug wires
1314:Boost controller
1301:Forced induction
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554:cross scavenging
540:deflector piston
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331:aluminium alloys
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155:, reciprocating
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2972:Fairbottom Bobs
2957:Newcomen engine
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2869:Expansion valve
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2828:Watt's separate
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2586:Parallel motion
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2473:Stephenson link
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2361:Operating cycle
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2316:
2297:Coffman starter
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2214:
2205:Carburetor heat
2197:Engine controls
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2117:Contra-rotating
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1982:Ignition timing
1930:
1911:Ignition system
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1694:Top dead centre
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1251:Tappet / lifter
1234:Flathead layout
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980:Hot Rod Network
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872:Bailey, Kevin.
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523:Slipper pistons
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492:Slipper pistons
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161:gas compressors
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3202:
3196:
3189:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3169:
3162:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3010:
3007:Kinneil Engine
3003:
3001:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2979:Elsecar Engine
2976:
2968:
2961:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2899:Steeple engine
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2758:Feedwater pump
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2624:Simple boilers
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2606:Watt's linkage
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2555:Connecting rod
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2409:
2407:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2251:Inlet manifold
2248:
2243:
2241:Fuel injection
2238:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2137:Variable-pitch
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2112:Constant-speed
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1828:Obturator ring
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1788:Connecting rod
1785:
1779:
1777:
1768:
1766:Piston engines
1762:
1761:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1703:
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1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1583:Cooling system
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1540:Exhaust system
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1510:Inlet manifold
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1455:
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1434:
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1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:Fuel injection
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
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1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1132:Connecting rod
1129:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1033:External links
1031:
1030:
1029:
1017:Ricardo, Harry
1013:
999:
996:
993:
992:
967:
955:
943:
939:Ricardo (1922)
931:
909:
907:, p. 149.
905:Ricardo (1922)
897:
895:, p. 116.
893:Ricardo (1922)
885:
864:
842:
841:
839:
836:
833:
832:
823:
805:
804:
802:
799:
797:
796:
790:
785:
780:
775:
773:Shock absorber
770:
765:
760:
755:
749:
744:
739:
733:
731:
728:
715:
712:
707:Main article:
704:
701:
696:Main article:
693:
690:
677:
674:
633:
630:
609:
606:
585:
584:Racing pistons
582:
530:
527:
506:slipper piston
500:Slipper piston
493:
490:
454:
451:
412:slipper piston
399:
396:
284:diesel engines
265:connecting rod
237:
234:
211:Main article:
208:
207:Piston engines
205:
189:connecting rod
124:
123:
106:September 2013
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3312:
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3142:
3140:
3136:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:Puffing Devil
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3093:High-pressure
3090:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3046:Rotative beam
3043:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2946:Savery Engine
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2919:Working fluid
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
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2880:
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2872:
2870:
2867:
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2855:
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2849:
2845:
2839:
2836:
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2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
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2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
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2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
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2774:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
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2748:
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2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:Rotative beam
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:hypocycloidal
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
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2535:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
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2504:
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2399:
2395:
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2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:Steam engines
2348:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:Other systems
2283:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2222:and induction
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Glass cockpit
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2138:
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2110:
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2100:
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2064:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:Shock cooling
2020:
2018:
2017:Rotary engine
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:Dual ignition
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
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1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Cylinder head
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1757:piston engine
1755:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
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1625:
1619:
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1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:Water cooling
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1573:Oxygen sensor
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
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1537:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:Intake system
1486:
1480:
1479:Starter motor
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Ignition coil
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:Petrol engine
1348:
1346:
1345:Diesel engine
1343:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:Blowoff valve
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
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1269:
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1259:
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1249:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1226:Cylinder head
1222:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
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1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
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1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:Balance shaft
1115:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1067:
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1026:
1022:
1018:
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1006:
1002:
1001:
981:
977:
971:
964:
959:
952:
947:
940:
935:
921:
920:
913:
906:
901:
894:
889:
875:
868:
854:
851:Magda, Mike.
847:
843:
827:
820:
816:
810:
806:
794:
793:Wankel engine
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
778:Slide whistle
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
727:
725:
721:
710:
699:
689:
687:
683:
673:
670:
666:
665:poppet valves
662:
661:piston valves
658:
654:
653:Steam engines
647:
643:
638:
632:Steam engines
629:
627:
626:double-acting
623:
622:single-acting
614:
605:
599:
595:
590:
581:
579:
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569:
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559:
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551:
547:
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514:
512:
507:
498:
489:
487:
482:
477:
474:
472:
467:
464:
460:
450:
448:
447:Trunk pistons
443:
438:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
415:
413:
407:
405:
398:Trunk pistons
395:
393:
388:
383:
381:
377:
376:
371:
367:
366:single-acting
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
339:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
312:
310:
300:
296:
293:
287:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
267:and onto the
266:
262:
258:
250:
246:
242:
228:
219:
214:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
141:
135:
134:petrol engine
130:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
3259:Modern steam
3246:
3231:
3193:Porter-Allen
3172:
3106:
3033:
3013:
2970:
2904:Safety valve
2878:
2833:"Pickle-pot"
2727:Thimble tube
2312:Recoil start
2271:Turbocharger
2266:Supercharger
2132:Single-blade
2042:Valve timing
1863:Sleeve valve
1848:Poppet valve
1837:
1823:Main bearing
1603:Electric fan
1403:Coil-on-plug
1329:Turbocharger
1324:Supercharger
1200:
1196:Main bearing
1186:Firing order
1176:Displacement
1122:Block heater
1106:Engine block
1094:Part of the
1093:
1020:
1008:
1005:Irving, P.E.
998:Bibliography
984:. Retrieved
982:. 2007-05-31
979:
970:
958:
946:
934:
924:, retrieved
922:, 2009-10-12
918:
912:
900:
888:
877:. Retrieved
867:
856:. Retrieved
846:
826:
809:
717:
684:or compress
679:
669:trunk engine
657:slide valves
651:
642:steam engine
619:
603:
570:
562:
543:
515:
511:piston rings
505:
503:
478:
475:
468:
456:
439:
426:trunk engine
423:
416:
408:
401:
384:
374:
370:World War II
356:A few early
355:
340:
320:
316:piston rings
313:
305:
288:
281:
254:
177:piston rings
148:
146:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2990:Watt engine
2790:Oscillating
2746:Boiler feed
2591:Plate chain
2570:Tusi couple
2483:Walschaerts
2368:Atmospheric
2256:Intercooler
2182:Hobbs meter
2107:Blade pitch
2102:Autofeather
2095:Terminology
2002:Monosoupape
1962:Dead centre
1935:Terminology
1843:Piston ring
1813:Gudgeon pin
1627:Lubrication
1591:Air cooling
1408:Distributor
1360:Fuel filter
1338:Fuel system
1319:Intercooler
1286:Timing belt
1276:Head gasket
1206:Piston ring
747:Fruit press
742:Fire piston
720:air cannons
714:Air cannons
692:For liquids
594:beam engine
419:gudgeon pin
358:gas engines
273:gudgeon pin
249:gudgeon pin
3289:Categories
3199:Ljungström
3185:High-speed
3078:Lap Engine
3034:Resolution
2938:Precursors
2823:Kirchweger
2785:Locomotive
2732:Three-drum
2712:Field-tube
2679:Locomotive
2661:Lancashire
2581:Link chain
2565:Crankshaft
2532:Mechanisms
2460:Valve gear
2246:Gascolator
2236:Carburetor
2187:Tachometer
2069:Components
2061:Propellers
1977:Horsepower
1942:Air-cooled
1921:Spark plug
1886:Alternator
1879:components
1877:Electrical
1858:Rocker arm
1798:Crankshaft
1776:components
1774:Mechanical
1679:Power band
1639:Oil filter
1613:Thermostat
1558:EGT sensor
1520:MAF sensor
1515:MAP sensor
1500:Air filter
1464:Alternator
1423:Spark plug
1355:Carburetor
1281:Rocker arm
1221:Valvetrain
1152:Crankshaft
1096:Automobile
986:2018-04-22
926:2018-04-22
879:2018-07-15
858:2018-04-22
838:References
640:Cast-iron
550:scavenging
538:Two-stroke
463:piston rod
434:piston rod
351:Hiduminium
269:crankshaft
185:piston rod
181:crankshaft
76:newspapers
3230:Cugnot's
3173:Salamanca
2874:Hydrolock
2859:Crosshead
2805:Condenser
2641:Egg-ended
1906:Generator
1413:Glow plug
1375:Fuel tank
1370:Fuel pump
1137:Crankcase
1011:. Newnes.
703:For gases
459:crosshead
404:crosshead
368:. During
343:cast iron
277:crosshead
3213:See also
3139:Compound
3014:Old Bess
2854:Blowback
2777:Cylinder
2763:Injector
2722:Stirling
2717:Sentinel
2631:Haystack
2545:Cataract
2518:Southern
2508:Caprotti
2383:Compound
2210:Throttle
2127:Scimitar
1833:Oil pump
1803:Cylinder
1793:Crankpin
1783:Camshaft
1754:Aircraft
1712:Category
1657:Dry sump
1653:Wet sump
1644:Oil pump
1608:Radiator
1525:Throttle
1385:Ignition
1256:Camshaft
1181:Flywheel
1162:Cylinder
1147:Crankpin
1019:(1922).
1007:(1967).
819:gasoline
815:fuel gas
730:See also
646:cylinder
309:circlips
292:Injector
173:cylinder
65:"Piston"
3295:Pistons
2929:History
2838:Surface
2656:Cornish
2616:Boilers
2498:Corliss
2435:Corliss
2418:D slide
2388:Uniflow
2378:Cornish
2086:Spinner
1926:Starter
1916:Magneto
1853:Pushrod
1684:Redline
1568:Muffler
1469:Battery
1393:Magneto
1025:Blackie
788:Syringe
737:Air gun
724:O-rings
682:liquids
552:. With
375:Pompano
347:Y alloy
187:and/or
90:scholar
3241:(1784)
3235:(1769)
3201:(1908)
3195:(1862)
3176:(1812)
3168:(1805)
3158:Murray
3149:(1803)
3128:(1804)
3122:(1803)
3116:(1803)
3110:(1801)
3080:(1788)
3074:(1786)
3068:(1785)
3062:(1783)
3056:(1782)
3037:(1781)
3029:(1779)
3023:(1778)
3017:(1777)
3009:(1768)
2981:(1795)
2975:(1760)
2967:(1725)
2948:(1698)
2914:Stroke
2879:Piston
2864:Cutoff
2737:Yarrow
2689:Launch
2684:Scotch
2445:Sleeve
2440:Poppet
2425:Piston
2406:Valves
2398:Valves
2224:system
2027:Stroke
1868:Tappet
1838:Piston
1707:Portal
1495:Airbox
1474:Dynamo
1201:Piston
1191:Stroke
1170:layout
1098:series
817:, not
380:H.O.R.
335:forged
327:forged
231:Piston
183:via a
149:piston
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2847:Other
2651:Flued
2636:Wagon
2560:Crank
2503:Lentz
2493:Baker
2488:Allan
2413:Slide
2231:Avgas
2167:EICAS
1667:Other
1291:Valve
1261:Chest
801:Notes
686:gases
676:Pumps
648:wall.
329:from
201:ports
197:valve
193:fluid
157:pumps
97:JSTOR
83:books
2999:Beam
2540:Beam
2450:Bash
2430:Drop
2373:Watt
2220:Fuel
2162:EFIS
1952:Bore
1649:Sump
1166:bank
1127:Bore
598:rope
360:had
349:and
323:cast
167:and
69:news
2818:Jet
2646:Box
2478:Joy
2468:Gab
1634:Oil
1223:and
1108:and
663:or
624:or
325:or
255:An
52:by
3291::
1655:,
1168:,
978:.
688:.
659:,
560:.
504:A
414:.
311:.
163:,
159:,
147:A
2346:e
2339:t
2332:v
1746:e
1739:t
1732:v
1659:)
1651:(
1172:)
1164:(
1077:e
1070:t
1063:v
1027:.
989:.
882:.
861:.
821:.
600:.
251:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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