640:
580:
604:
42:
677:
664:
628:
616:
86:
270:
379:
61:
449:, mostly in two pockets along the St. Lawrence River. It is known as a pioneer species and is often the first tree to vegetate a site after it has been cleared away. It is a climax vegetation type in extreme conditions, but in most cases it is replaced by oaks and other hardwoods. This pine occupies a variety of habitats, from dry, acidic sandy uplands to swampy lowlands, and can survive in very poor conditions. It is the primary tree of the
592:
639:
663:
559:
all utilized pitch pine. The
Iroquois used the pitch to treat rheumatism, burns, cuts, and boils. Pitch also worked as a laxative. A pitch pine poultice was used by both the Iroquois and the Shinnecock to open boils and to treat abscesses. The Cherokee used pitch pine wood in canoe construction and
374:
Pitch pine is rapid-growing when young, gaining around one foot of height per year under optimal conditions, until growth slows at 50–60 years. By 90 years of age, the amount of annual height gain is minimal. Open-growth trees begin bearing cones in as little as three years, with shade-inhabiting
676:
359: in) long and oval, with prickles on the scales. Trunks are usually straight with a slight curve, covered in large, thick, irregular plates of bark. Pitch pine has an exceptionally high regenerative ability; if the main trunk is cut or damaged by fire, it can re-sprout using
563:
Pitch pine is known to cross with pond loblolly and shortleaf pines. One of those crosses is the pitlolly pine (pinus x rigitaeda), a natural hybrid between the loblolly pine and the pitch pine. This hybrid combines the tall size of the loblolly pine and the
579:
669:
A pitch pine cone experimentally exposed to fire by Saint
Michael's College scientists (Vermont; USA). The middle photograph shows the cone right after exposure to a bunsen burner flame. The right hand photograph was taken 24 hours
534:
Pitch pine is not a major timber tree due to the frequency of multiple or crooked trunks, nor is it as fast-growing as other eastern
American pines. However, it grows well on unfavorable sites. In the past, it was a major source of
543:
Pitch pine is currently used mainly for rough construction, pulp, crating, and fuel. However, due to its uneven growth, quantities of high quality can be difficult to obtain, and large lengths of pitch pine can be very costly.
603:
539:
and timber for ship building, mine timbers, and railroad ties because the wood's high resin content preserves it from decay. As such, it has also been used for elaborate wood constructions, e. g. radio towers.
295:, primarily from central Maine south to Georgia and as far west as Kentucky. It is found in environments which other species would find unsuitable for growth, such as acidic, sandy, and low-nutrient soils.
375:
pines taking a few years longer. Cones take two years to mature. Seed dispersal occurs over the fall and winter, and trees cannot self-pollinate. The lifespan of a pitch pine is about 200 years or longer.
41:
303:
The pitch pine is irregular in shape, but grows to 6–30 metres (20–98 ft)). Branches are usually twisted, and it does a poor job at self-pruning. The needles are in
367:
from heat. Burnt pitch pines often form stunted, twisted trees with multiple trunks as a result of the resprouting. This characteristic makes it a popular species for
1396:
1255:
1119:
1194:
1366:
1401:
1386:
1376:
1276:
1054:
790:
627:
1406:
1132:
1067:
1080:
747:
845:
1245:
1137:
1421:
461:
Pitch pines provide habitat and food for many wildlife species. They are used for cover and nesting by birds such as the
568:
of the pitch pine. This hybrid was used as substitute of loblolly pine and has been extensively planted in South Korea.
1381:
1005:
869:. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory
781:
85:
1199:
1391:
1106:
1411:
1294:
1181:
450:
1085:
1046:
1033:
1302:
363:. This is one of its many adaptations to fire, which also include a thick bark to protect the sensitive
1289:
1072:
422:
17:
1416:
1209:
650:
1020:
862:
615:
552:
474:
217:
1173:
725:
1041:
486:
470:
1281:
751:
1124:
1028:
947:
909:
494:
482:
244:
201:
1235:
1150:
979:
438:
405:
8:
50:
1268:
1338:
565:
80:
1230:
966:
841:
500:
This species occasionally hybridizes with other pine species, such as loblolly pine (
497:. Deer consume seedlings and new sprouts, and small mammals and birds eat the seeds.
490:
304:
185:
702:
591:
1343:
971:
720:
1307:
1217:
1160:
360:
1330:
1186:
1371:
1263:
825:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company (published 1966). p. 52.
646:
514:
508:
110:
1360:
1145:
1010:
932:
711:
536:
400:
292:
260:
70:
65:
1320:
462:
364:
1168:
1093:
941:
502:
466:
269:
1222:
958:
1059:
519:
378:
123:
682:
Pitch Pine with heavy growth of trunk sprouts after a severe wildfire.
1098:
992:
903:
1315:
926:
556:
548:
523:
478:
434:
331:
inch broad) and often slightly twisted. The cones are 4–7 cm (
163:
1111:
997:
838:
National
Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America
794:
446:
153:
143:
133:
984:
585:
Bark and trunk sprout, a defining characteristic of the species
442:
383:
368:
426:
97:
887:
694:
430:
288:
173:
321:–5 inches) in length, and are stout (over 1 millimetre or
835:
421:
Pitch pine is found mainly in the southern areas of the
762:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
653:. The vast pine forest is almost entirely made up of
403:. It belongs to the family Pinaceae and the subgenus
836:Moore, Gerry; Kershner, Bruce; et al. (2008).
1358:
726:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42411A2978217.en
307:(bundles) of three, about 6–13 centimetres (
416:
746:
700:
633:Pitch pine on Long Island in New York, USA
386:. This specimen was collected in the wild.
268:
59:
40:
724:
1397:Least concern flora of the United States
829:
791:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
377:
451:Atlantic coastal pine barrens ecoregion
14:
1359:
867:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
860:
908:
907:
820:
774:
760:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
1210:0b365b38-1c2a-42f0-961d-4b53882799b4
1086:F94B8FD1-6DCE-28D4-7835-60DD3C28733F
816:
814:
780:
1367:IUCN Red List least concern species
840:. New York: Sterling. p. 756.
712:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
1402:Trees of humid continental climate
1387:Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
1377:Trees of the Eastern United States
395:It was given its scientific name,
25:
1433:
811:
441:. A few stands occur in southern
1295:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263270-1
675:
662:
645:View north from a fire tower on
638:
626:
614:
602:
590:
578:
413:), along with other hard pines.
84:
547:Archaeology indicates that the
1407:Garden plants of North America
880:
854:
740:
298:
13:
1:
888:"North American Native Trees"
821:Grimm, William Carey (1962).
687:
287:, is a small-to-medium-sized
754:Pinus rigida
518:); the last is treated as a
382:Pitch Pine being trained as
7:
1422:Taxa named by Philip Miller
609:New growth and pollen cones
390:
10:
1438:
571:
456:
423:northeastern United States
291:. It is native to eastern
1382:Trees of Northern America
916:
861:Gucker, Corey L. (2007).
560:for decorative carvings.
267:
250:
243:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
475:great-crested flycatcher
417:Distribution and habitat
651:New Jersey Pine Barrens
529:
487:black-and-white warbler
471:red-cockaded woodpecker
1392:Flora of Massachusetts
522:of pitch pine by some
495:chestnut-sided warbler
483:black-capped chickadee
399:, by British botanist
387:
1412:Plants used in bonsai
381:
719:: e.T42411A2978217.
27:Species of pine tree
701:Farjon, A. (2013).
506:), shortleaf pine (
51:Conservation status
512:), and pond pine (
388:
1354:
1353:
1231:Open Tree of Life
910:Taxon identifiers
847:978-1-4027-3875-3
823:The Book Of Trees
491:Nashville warbler
276:
275:
74:
16:(Redirected from
1429:
1417:Ornamental trees
1347:
1346:
1334:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1297:
1285:
1284:
1272:
1271:
1259:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1226:
1225:
1213:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1190:
1189:
1187:NHMSYS0000461726
1177:
1176:
1164:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1141:
1140:
1128:
1127:
1115:
1114:
1102:
1101:
1089:
1088:
1076:
1075:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1049:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1001:
1000:
988:
987:
975:
974:
962:
961:
952:
951:
950:
937:
936:
935:
905:
904:
898:
897:
895:
894:
884:
878:
877:
875:
874:
858:
852:
851:
833:
827:
826:
818:
809:
808:
806:
805:
799:
793:. Archived from
788:
778:
772:
771:
769:
767:
744:
738:
737:
735:
733:
728:
698:
679:
666:
642:
630:
621:Cone and needles
618:
606:
594:
582:
361:epicormic shoots
358:
357:
353:
350:
344:
343:
339:
336:
330:
329:
325:
320:
319:
315:
312:
272:
256:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
31:
21:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1314:
1306:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1254:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1229:
1221:
1218:Observation.org
1216:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1158:MichiganFlora:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1110:
1105:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1058:
1053:
1045:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1004:
996:
991:
983:
978:
970:
965:
957:
955:
946:
945:
940:
931:
930:
925:
912:
902:
901:
892:
890:
886:
885:
881:
872:
870:
859:
855:
848:
834:
830:
819:
812:
803:
801:
797:
786:
779:
775:
765:
763:
745:
741:
731:
729:
699:
695:
690:
683:
680:
671:
667:
658:
643:
634:
631:
622:
619:
610:
607:
598:
595:
586:
583:
574:
532:
459:
425:, from coastal
419:
393:
355:
351:
348:
346:
341:
337:
334:
332:
327:
323:
322:
317:
313:
310:
308:
301:
263:
258:
252:
239:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1435:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1344:wfo-0000481833
1335:
1325:
1312:
1299:
1286:
1273:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1227:
1214:
1204:
1191:
1178:
1165:
1155:
1142:
1129:
1116:
1103:
1090:
1077:
1064:
1051:
1038:
1025:
1015:
1002:
989:
976:
963:
953:
938:
922:
920:
914:
913:
900:
899:
879:
863:"Pinus rigida"
853:
846:
828:
810:
783:BSBI List 2007
773:
739:
692:
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
681:
674:
672:
668:
661:
659:
647:Apple Pie Hill
644:
637:
635:
632:
625:
623:
620:
613:
611:
608:
601:
599:
596:
589:
587:
584:
577:
573:
570:
531:
528:
515:Pinus serotina
509:Pinus echinata
458:
455:
418:
415:
392:
389:
300:
297:
274:
273:
265:
264:
259:
248:
247:
241:
240:
236:P. rigida
233:
231:
227:
226:
215:
211:
210:
199:
195:
194:
183:
179:
178:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1434:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
990:
986:
981:
977:
973:
968:
964:
960:
954:
949:
943:
939:
934:
928:
924:
923:
921:
919:
915:
911:
906:
889:
883:
868:
864:
857:
849:
843:
839:
832:
824:
817:
815:
800:on 2015-06-26
796:
792:
785:
784:
777:
761:
757:
755:
749:
743:
727:
722:
718:
714:
713:
708:
706:
697:
693:
678:
673:
665:
660:
656:
652:
648:
641:
636:
629:
624:
617:
612:
605:
600:
593:
588:
581:
576:
575:
569:
567:
561:
558:
554:
550:
545:
541:
538:
527:
525:
521:
517:
516:
511:
510:
505:
504:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:and northern
436:
432:
428:
424:
414:
412:
408:
407:
402:
401:Philip Miller
398:
385:
380:
376:
372:
370:
366:
365:cambium layer
362:
306:
296:
294:
293:North America
290:
286:
282:
281:
271:
266:
262:
257:
255:
249:
246:
245:Binomial name
242:
238:
237:
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
220:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
204:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
188:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:Tracheophytes
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1256:pinus-rigida
948:Pinus rigida
918:Pinus rigida
917:
891:. Retrieved
882:
871:. Retrieved
866:
856:
837:
831:
822:
802:. Retrieved
795:the original
782:
776:
764:. Retrieved
759:
753:
742:
730:. Retrieved
716:
710:
705:Pinus rigida
704:
696:
655:Pinus rigida
654:
597:Pollen cones
562:
546:
542:
533:
513:
507:
501:
499:
463:pine warbler
460:
420:
410:
404:
397:Pinus rigida
396:
394:
373:
302:
284:
280:Pinus rigida
279:
278:
277:
254:Pinus rigida
253:
251:
235:
234:
222:
218:
214:Subsection:
206:
202:
190:
186:
174:
124:Gymnospermae
117:
104:
29:
1269:kew-2562491
1169:NatureServe
1094:iNaturalist
942:Wikispecies
732:19 November
503:Pinus taeda
467:wild turkey
299:Description
35:Pitch pine
1361:Categories
1264:Plant List
893:2017-05-01
873:2018-07-23
804:2014-10-17
766:31 January
748:USDA, NRCS
688:References
553:Shinnecock
520:subspecies
411:Diploxylon
409:(formerly
285:pitch pine
182:Subgenus:
130:Division:
18:Pitch pine
1047:200005353
1034:200005353
566:hardiness
524:botanists
305:fascicles
230:Species:
223:Australes
221:subsect.
207:Trifoliae
198:Section:
144:Pinopsida
134:Pinophyta
94:Kingdom:
1328:VASCAN:
1321:24900213
1316:Tropicos
1174:2.161753
1125:10195425
1112:263270-1
956:BioLib:
927:Wikidata
750:(n.d.).
557:Cherokee
549:Iroquois
479:blue jay
435:Kentucky
391:Taxonomy
164:Pinaceae
160:Family:
71:IUCN 3.1
1060:5285635
985:1014253
933:Q837410
649:in the
572:Gallery
457:Ecology
447:Ontario
439:Georgia
354:⁄
340:⁄
326:⁄
316:⁄
170:Genus:
154:Pinales
150:Order:
140:Class:
98:Plantae
69: (
1277:PLANTS
1236:636907
1207:NZOR:
1200:164242
1138:183376
1021:pinrig
1018:FEIS:
1011:150619
844:
670:later.
555:, and
493:, and
443:Quebec
384:bonsai
369:bonsai
283:, the
205:sect.
189:subg.
1372:Pinus
1308:13130
1253:PPE:
1243:PFI:
1151:42411
1120:IRMNG
1099:53464
1081:IFPNI
1073:28537
1006:EUNIS
998:PIURI
972:4J2G9
798:(xls)
787:(xls)
564:cold-
537:pitch
427:Maine
406:Pinus
261:Mill.
191:Pinus
175:Pinus
118:Clade
105:Clade
1331:7194
1290:POWO
1282:PIRI
1246:8336
1223:7197
1195:NCBI
1161:2895
1146:IUCN
1133:ITIS
1107:IPNI
1068:GRIN
1055:GBIF
993:EPPO
959:2333
842:ISBN
768:2016
734:2021
717:2013
530:Uses
445:and
431:Ohio
429:and
289:pine
1339:WFO
1303:RHS
1182:NBN
1042:FoC
1029:FNA
980:EoL
967:CoL
721:doi
433:to
1363::
1341::
1318::
1305::
1292::
1279::
1266::
1233::
1220::
1197::
1184::
1171::
1148::
1135::
1122::
1109::
1096::
1083::
1070::
1057::
1044::
1031::
1008::
995::
982::
969::
944::
929::
865:.
813:^
789:.
758:.
715:.
709:.
551:,
526:.
489:,
485:,
481:,
477:,
473:,
469:,
465:,
453:.
371:.
328:16
219:P.
203:P.
187:P.
120::
107::
896:.
876:.
850:.
807:.
770:.
756:"
752:"
736:.
723::
707:"
703:"
657:.
356:4
352:3
349:+
347:2
345:–
342:2
338:1
335:+
333:1
324:1
318:4
314:1
311:+
309:2
73:)
20:)
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