Pitta - Knowledge

1510:, hatching both naked and blind, and dependent upon their parents for warmth, food and nest sanitation. Young chicks are brooded continuously, the female brooding alone in some species and sharing responsibilities with the male in others. The males and females make regular feeding trips to the chicks; one study of Gurney's pittas found a pair made 2300 feeding visits to the nest, traveling an estimated 460 km (290 mi) over the nestling stage. Earthworms are important food items for many species, and the dominant item in the nestling diet of some. 73% of the parental visits of fairy pittas, 63% of rainbow pitta's, up to 79% of Gurney's pitta's visits involved bringing earthworms. Parents can and do carry more than one item in their bills during visits; in a study of breeding fairy pittas, as many as six items were observed being brought in a single visit; less than four was more typical. When the chicks are small, prey may be broken up before being fed to the chicks, and larger prey items like skinks and snakes are only fed to chicks who are old enough to manage them. 1324:, with territories varying in size from 3,000 m (32,000 sq ft) in the African pitta to 10,000 m (110,000 sq ft) in the rainbow pitta. They have also been found to be highly aggressive in captivity, attacking other species and even their own; such behaviour has not been observed in the wild. Pittas will perform territory-defence displays on the edges of their territories; fights between rivals have only been recorded once. One such territorial display is given by the rainbow pitta, which holds its legs straight and bows to a rival on the edge of its territory, while making a purring call. Displays like this are paired with calls made out of sight of potential rivals; these territorial calls are frequent and can account for up to 12% of a bird's daylight activity. Migratory species will defend non-breeding feeding territories as well as their breeding ones. 1453: 1485: 1481:

provisioning trips that might alert a predator to the presence of a nest, and smaller clutches are easier to replace if lost. Clutch size may vary within a species depending on latitude. A study of noisy pittas found that birds in the tropics had smaller clutch sizes than those in more temperate environments. The eggs of pittas are slightly pointed at one end, and generally smooth (the deeply pitted eggs of the superb pitta being the exception to this). The size of eggs varies by species, smaller-sized species laying smaller eggs. There is also some variation in egg size within a species in species with large ranges. For example, the eggs of noisy pittas are smaller closer to the tropics. Eggs are typically white or creamy, and usually slightly glossy.

1770: 931: 1539: 345: 1526:, and has led to the colloquial name jewel-thrushes. Such is their attractiveness that, in Borneo, even the body of a dead pitta can be a favoured toy for local children. They have proven difficult to maintain and breed in captivity, requiring large amounts of space, humidity and sufficient vegetation of the right kind. Pittas are a very popular group of birds with birdwatchers, due to the dazzling plumage of many species and the relative difficulty of seeing these retiring birds in dark forests. Their desirability as birdwatching targets was the subject of the book 1042: 1163: 1473:

either be placed on the ground or in trees. Some species always nest in trees, like both African species, others nest only on the ground, and others show considerable variation. Both sexes help to build the nest, but the male does most of the work. It takes around two to eight days to build a new nest; this probably varies depending on the experience of the birds involved. A new nest is constructed for each nesting attempt, and work on building a nest for a second brood may start while the chicks from the first brood are still being fed.

1257: 1341: 1928: 1268: 42: 4236: 1630: 63: 1243:: the Indian pitta, the African pitta, the fairy pitta and the blue-winged pitta. As well as these four, the northern subspecies of the hooded pitta is a full migrant. Other species make smaller or more local, and poorly understood, movements across small parts of their range, including the noisy pitta of Australia. The migration of pittas is apparently nocturnal, and pittas migrate in small loose flocks that use the same resting and foraging sites each year. 927:, which covered the family, placed all the pittas in a single genus. Writing in 1998, Johannes Erritzoe stated that most contemporary authors considered the family to contain a single genus. Before 2006 the family was not well studied using modern anatomical or phylogenetic techniques; two studies, in 1987 and 1990, each used only four species, and comparisons amongst the family as a whole had relied mostly on external features and appearances. 1317:, requiring light to find their often cryptic prey. They are nevertheless often found in darker areas and are highly secretive, though they will respond to imitations of their calls. They are generally found as single birds, even young birds not associating with their parents unless they are being fed. The only exception to their solitary lifestyle is small groups that have been observed forming during migration. 971:, is the most widespread. Most species in this genus have green upperparts with a blue wing-patch, dark upperparts and cinnamon-buff underparts. This clade contains all the migratory pitta species, and it is thought that many of the pitta species from islands are derived from migratory species. This division of the pittas into three genera has been adopted by the 1584:. In 2003, the species was found in Burma for the first time since 1914, and in large numbers, between nine and thirty five thousand pairs. The species was considerably less threatened than thought, but it is still of considerable conservation concern, as deforestation of the habitat in Burma continues. The rapid rate of deforestation in Borneo has pushed the 651:, with the remaining broadbills and asities in the other clade. The 2016 study also disputed the earlier claims about the origin of the group, and concluded that the most likely ancestral home of the pittas and the Eurylaimides was Africa (the sapayoa having diverged before the core clades had reached Africa). The study found that the pittas diverged from the 1449:. An exception to this is the superb pitta, which breeds almost year-round, as the island of Manus on which it breeds remains wet all year. The courtship behaviours of the family are poorly known, but the elaborate dance of the African pitta includes jumping into the air with a puffed-out breast and parachuting back down to the perch. 1595:. They are not targeted because of their song, as many songbirds are, and may simply be captured as bycatch from collecting other species, and because of their attractive plumage. According to some trappers, they also may end up being eaten for food. On Manus, locals report that predation by snakes, including the 1505:

parents are reported to consume the eggshells. This behaviour ensures that the calcium used to create the eggs is not lost. It is unknown if other species do this, but it is a common behaviour among birds. As with the incubation, both parents are involved in rearing the chicks. The chicks of pittas

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ball, and is usually well-camouflaged amongst vines or vegetation of some kind. The nest's appearance is also difficult to distinguish from a heap of leaves pushed together by the wind; a few species create a "doormat" of sticks (sometimes decorated with mammal dung) by the entrance. The nests can

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As with genera, there has been considerable variation in the number of accepted pitta species. The checklists of Sclater and Elliot at the end of the 19th century contained 48 and 47 species respectively. More recent checklists have had fewer than this, one from 1975 listing just 24 species. Since

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varies by species. Typically three to five eggs are laid, but two is typical for the garnet pitta, whereas six is more common for the blue-winged pitta and the Indian pitta. It is thought that species with higher levels of predation tend to have smaller clutches, as smaller clutches involve fewer

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pittas they are sexually dimorphic in their plumage, the females tending towards being drabber and more cryptic than the males. In general the sexes in the family tend to be very similar if not identical. Across most of the family the brighter colours tend to be on the undersides, with patches or

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of pittas are best described as calls, as they are generally short, mono or disyllabic, and often fluting or whirring. They are made by both sexes and throughout the year. One species, the black-and-crimson pitta, was also described making a mechanical noise (sonation) in 2013. The sonation, a

1429:. They have also been observed to probe the moist soil with their bills to locate earthworms. They have a keen sense of smell, and it has been suggested that they are able to locate earthworms this way. This suggestion was supported by a study which found that the Indian pitta has the largest 1121:

The pittas are generally birds of tropical forests, semi-forests and scrub. Most species need forests with much cover, a rich understory, and leaf litter for feeding, and they are often found near waterways as well. Some species inhabit swamps and bamboo forests, and the

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form the major part of the diet of pittas, followed by snails. Earthworms can become seasonally unavailable in dry conditions when the worms move deeper into the soil, and pittas also take a wide range of other invertebrate prey, including many insects groups such as

951:, included six species that had previously been considered closely related based on external features. They are all generally small species with small tails, extensive amounts of crimson or red on the underparts, and greenish or blueish backs. The second genus, 468:

birds. With regards to their relationship within the Eurylaimides, another 2006 study placed the pittas as a sister clade to two clades of broadbills and asities. This same study postulated an Asian origin for the Eurylaimides and therefore the pittas.

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The Gurney's pitta was not seen for 34 years between 1952 and 1986, before a small population was discovered in southern Thailand. This small population declined after its rediscovery, and, by 2000, it had reached a low of 10 pairs, and was listed as

1599:, is responsible for the rarity of the endangered superb pitta, but the snake, the introduction of which is responsible for several extinctions of island birds across the Pacific, is native to the island, and is therefore likely a natural threat. 2817: 1134:

is not found above 400 m (1,300 ft). Other species may occur at much higher elevations, including, for example, the rusty-naped pitta, which has been found up to 2,600 m (8,500 ft). The altitudinal preferences varies in the

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the clutch, the period between laying and hatching being between 14 and 18 days (14 to 16 being more typical). The chicks usually hatch asynchronously, over several days, but in some species the hatching is synchronous. On hatching the

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of the pittas was the first to examine most representatives of the family, and found evidence of three major clades of pitta. Based on the study the pittas were split into three genera. The first clade, using the genus name

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areas of bright colours on the rump, wings and uppertail coverts being concealable. Being able to conceal bright colours from above is important as most predators approach from above; four species have brighter upperparts.

1065:(lower leg bones) and long feet. The colour of the legs and feet can vary dramatically even within a species. This may be a characteristic used by females in judging the quality of a prospective mate. The wings have ten 254:. Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards, at 15 to 25 cm (5.9–9.8 in) in length, and stocky, with strong, longish legs and long feet. They have very short tails and stout, slightly decurved 455:

relatives were formerly treated as two families, and are now either combined into a single taxon or split into four. A 2006 study confirmed that these were indeed the closest relatives of the pittas. The

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Two DNA studies, from 2015 and 2016, came to a different conclusion, finding that the Eurylaimides were divided into two clades and that the pittas formed a clade with the broadbills of the genera

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of 25 passerines examined. Eight species have been recorded using stones as anvils on which to smash open snails to eat, and the rainbow pitta has been observed using the root of a tree to do so.

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ringed 2000 red-bellied pittas but only recaptured ten birds, and only one of these recaptures was more than two months after the initial capture. Only four species of pitta are fully or mostly

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Gulson-Castillo, Eric R.; Dreelin, R. Andrew; Fernandez-Duque, Facundo; Greig, Emma I.; Hite, Justin M.; Orzechowski, Sophia C.; Smith, Lauren K.; Wallace, Rachel T.; Winkler, David W. (2017).

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pittas are exclusively Asian. Some pittas have large distributions, like the hooded pitta, which ranges from Nepal to New Guinea, while others have much smaller ones, like the

1061:, which can be up to 29 cm (11 in) in length. In weight they range from 42 to 210 g (1.5–7.4 oz). Pittas are stout-bodied birds with long, strong 2354: 3525:

Donald, P. F.; Aratrakorn, S.; Win Htun, T.; Eames, J. C.; Hla, H.; Thunhikorn, S.; Sribua-Rod, K.; Tinun, P.; Aung, S.M.; Zaw, S.M.; Buchanan, G.M. (2009).

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of pittas is often bright and colourful. Only one species, the eared pitta, has entirely cryptic colours in the adults of both sexes. In the same genus,

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are also taken. Some species, such as the fairy pitta and rainbow pitta, have been recorded feeding on small vertebrate prey. This including

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that are generally rounded and short; those of the four migratory species are more pointed. There are nine secondaries with the tenth being

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Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis

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Prum, Richard O.; Berv, Jacob S.; Dornburg, Alex; Field, Daniel J.; Townsend, Jeffrey P.; Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Lemmon, Alan R. (2015).

2355:"Nuclear DNA from old collections of avian study skins reveals the evolutionary history of the Old World suboscines (Aves: Passeriformes)" 3003: 1518:

The brilliant plumage of many pittas has resulted in considerable interest in pittas from people living within their range, scientists,

3863: 2156:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 147, 262. 1556:

caused by rapid deforestation. They can also be difficult birds to survey and are easily overlooked. Four species are assessed to be

281:. They are highly terrestrial and mostly solitary, and usually forage on wet forest floors in areas with good ground cover. They eat 8037: 2511:"An African origin of the Eurylaimides (Passeriformes) and the successful diversification of the ground-foraging Pittas (Pittidae)" 959:

in their plumage, as well as in possessing cryptic juvenile plumage (in all the species thus-far studied). This genus includes the

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breeders, and defend breeding territories. Most species are seasonal breeders, timing their breeding to occur at the onset of the

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Selvatti, Alexandre Pedro; Galvão, Ana; Pereira, Anieli Guirro; Pedreira Gonzaga, Luiz; Russo, Claudia Augusta de Moraes (2016).

1033:. The study divided it into 17 new species; some authorities have recognised fewer, for example the IOC have recognised only 10. 1468:

that is a dome with a side entrance. The structure of the nest is consistent across the whole family. The nest is as large as a

1085:, but are capable and even strong fliers. The tails range from being short to very short, and are composed of twelve feathers. 921:

Modern treatments of taxa within the family vary as well. A 1975 checklist included six genera, whereas the 2003 volume of the

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The number of pitta genera has varied considerably since Vieillot, ranging from one to as many as nine. In his 1863 work

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Erritzoe, J. (2017). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A.; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.).

1452: 8128: 1186:, are from this clade, as is the most northerly species (the fairy pitta) and the most southerly (the noisy pitta, 220:

and Africa. There are 44 species of pittas, all similar in general appearance and habits. The pittas are Old World

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Erritzoe, J. (2003). "Family Pittidae (Pittas)". In Josep, del Hoyo; Andrew, Elliott; David, Christie (eds.).

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and similar invertebrate prey, as well as small vertebrates. Pittas are monogamous and females lay up to six

2871:"The spatio-temporal colonization and diversification across the Indo-Pacific by a 'great speciator' (Aves, 2551: 1607:

There are 44 species of pitta in three genera according to the International Ornithological Congress' (IOC)

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Gretton, Adam; Kohler, Marcus; Lansdown, Richard V.; Pankhurst, Tim J.; Parr, John; Robson, Craig (1993).

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Irestedt, M.; Fabre, P.; Batalha-Filho, H.; Jønsson, K.; Roselaar, C.; Sangster, G.; Ericson, P. (2013).

369: 7990: 336:. They are popular with birdwatchers because of their bright plumage and the difficulty in seeing them. 3305:

Woinarski, J.C.W.; A. Fisher; K. Brennan; I. Morris; R.C. Willan; R. Chatto (1998). "The Chestnut Rail

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is tracheo-bronchial and lacks a pessulus or intrinsic muscles. Pittas are behaviourally reluctant to

4235: 3632:"Pittas for a pittance: observations on the little known illegal trade in Pittidae in west Indonesia" 1013:. Since the publication of the handbook, further splits to pitta species have been made; in 2010 the 62: 2426: 2280:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 158. 1588:, considered common and secure as recently as 1996, into the list of species considered vulnerable. 629:

Phylogeny of the Eurylaimides, showing the relationship of the pittas (Pittidae), based on Selvatti

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to denote the species placed in this genus, without an intention to introduce a suprageneric name.

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The greatest diversity of pittas is found in South-east Asia. Of the three genera, the large genus

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based on Edwards' descriptions and illustrations as well as other accounts, placing it with the

305:, or sometimes on the ground. Both parents care for the young. Four species of pittas are fully 8120: 7925: 3733: 3346: 3045: 2813: 2421: 24: 3233: 3177:

Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 5: Tyrant-flycatchers to Chats

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Moyle, Robert G.; Chesser, R Terry; Prum, Richard O.; Schikler, Peter; Cracraft, Joel (2006).

1530:(2013), in which the writer Chris Goodie recounted his attempt to see every species of pitta. 8115: 8068: 3018: 2303: 2257:

Gleanings of Natural History, Exhibiting Figures of Quadrupeds, Birds, Insects, Plants &c

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Bang, B.G.; Stanley Cobb (1968). "The size of the olfactory bulb in 108 species of birds".

3109: 2566: 2478: 2111:, 1831 as the authority for the family name Pittidae. This assignment has been disputed by 1990: 1972: 1954: 1850: 1841: 1746: 1737: 1683: 1457: 1183: 1147:. As well as natural habitats, pittas may use human-altered spaces. For example, migrating 955:, includes variable Asian species. These species are unified morphologically in exhibiting 935: 675: 2716: 8: 2467:"A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing" 1904: 1442: 998: 236:. Initially placed in a single genus, as of 2009 they have been split into three genera: 3397: 3322: 3309:

on the Wessel and English Company Islands: Notes on unusual habitat and use of anvils".

3113: 2570: 2482: 2324: 7963: 7898: 7420: 6604: 6191: 5106: 4489: 3409: 3287: 3279: 2985: 2899: 2870: 2690: 2582: 2447: 2377: 2202: 1728: 1561: 1557: 1321: 321: 313: 57: 2411:"Phylogeny and evolutionary history of Old World suboscine birds (Aves: Eurylaimides)" 464:, is one of the two infraorders of suboscines, which is one of three suborders of the 8102: 7998: 7875: 7785: 4523: 4073: 3699: 3631: 3563: 3466: 3377: 3202:"A newly described call and mechanical noise produced by the Black-and-crimson Pitta 3201: 3180: 2948: 2923: 2904: 2843: 2743: 2694: 2532: 2373: 2071: 2017: 1886: 1755: 1719: 1701: 1674: 1665: 1585: 1542: 1502: 1477: 1328: 1221: 1193: 1148: 1105: 1101: 1054: 1026: 956: 691: 349: 3413: 3291: 2586: 2451: 2381: 2353:

Irestedt, M.; Ohlson, J.I.; Zuccon, D.; Källersjö, M. & Ericson, P.G.P. (2006).

2224: 1256: 309:, and several more are partially so, though their migrations are poorly understood. 8003: 7216: 6978: 6639: 6618: 4561: 4441: 3788: 3670: 3579: 3542: 3456: 3401: 3326: 3271: 3117: 2981: 2894: 2886: 2682: 2574: 2522: 2486: 2439: 2431: 2369: 2236: 2194: 2157: 1796: 1656: 1596: 1497: 1188: 1097: 202: 1927: 1538: 930: 8156: 7829: 7539: 7273: 6345: 5194: 4579: 4570: 4385: 3932: 3883: 3833: 3461: 3440: 2175: 2112: 2053: 1859: 1787: 1592: 1569: 1565: 1377: 1197: 1030: 1022: 431:

The family's closest relatives have for a long time been assumed to be the other

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clapping sound, was made in flight and is hypothesised to be made by the wings.

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The movements of pittas are poorly known and notoriously difficult to study.

1192:). The most remote insular endemics are in this group as well, including the 1179: 1131: 1130:

specialist. Several species are lowland forest specialists. For example, the

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Woodall, P.F. (1994). "Breeding season and clutch size of the Noisy Pitta

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The pittas are small to medium-sized passerines, ranging in size from the

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In 2010 the banded pitta was split into three species, making this male a

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is sexually dimorphic, the bright plumage of this bird means it is a male

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to Java and Bali, one endemic to Borneo and one found in Sumatra and the

960: 647: 425: 232: 217: 3153:"Displays and postures of the Rainbow Pitta and other Australian Pittas" 2491: 2466: 1139:

across its range, it can be found up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft) in

1029:, a widespread species found from Sulawesi to Australia, was actually a 7822: 7815: 7808: 7801: 7794: 7747: 7630: 7595: 7553: 7448: 7441: 7434: 7385: 7378: 7364: 7343: 7315: 7301: 7197: 7163: 7051: 6998: 6967: 6960: 6925: 6883: 6779: 6758: 6716: 6709: 6688: 6548: 6520: 6443: 6408: 6352: 6324: 6303: 6282: 6275: 6226: 6219: 6170: 6156: 6100: 6084: 6073: 6003: 5870: 5787: 5780: 5752: 5731: 5697: 5676: 5655: 5641: 5627: 5607: 5558: 5488: 5425: 5418: 5251: 5237: 5183: 5113: 5057: 5008: 4987: 4973: 4932: 4918: 4876: 4842: 4821: 4793: 4770: 4697: 4600: 4462: 4357: 4299: 4253: 4183: 4159: 4114: 4087: 4066: 4059: 4025: 3989: 3954: 3853: 3283: 2578: 2206: 1823: 1805: 1710: 1519: 1408:. There are also records of some pittas taking plant food, such as the 1314: 1305: 1046: 1002: 701: 696: 687: 641: 602: 226: 3527:"Population, distribution, habitat use and breeding of Gurney's Pitta 3441:"Breeding biology during the nestling period at a Black-crowned Pitta 3121: 2260:. Vol. 3. London: Printed for the author. p. 242, Plate 324. 686:

for the shorter-tailed species. Barely two decades later, in 1880/81,

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for the species with comparatively long tails and (the now abandoned)

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Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 8, Broadbills to Tapaculos

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the 1990s, the figure has been between 30 and 32 species; the 2003

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Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book

2284: 1552:

Pittas are generally forest birds and, as such, are vulnerable to

224:, and their closest relatives among other birds are in the genera 7609: 7294: 7170: 6838: 6723: 6674: 6485: 6233: 5933: 5905: 5724: 5383: 5286: 5265: 5036: 4378: 4343: 4207: 4168: 3963: 3939: 3755: 3133: 3131: 2868: 1357: 1089: 997:

recognised 30. One species not recognised by the handbook is the

690:

split the family into nine genera, in which he also included the

448: 436: 328:. The main threat to pittas is habitat loss in the form of rapid 259: 124: 7664: 6932: 6807: 6066: 5856: 5683: 5293: 4725: 4642: 3770: 3382:, a species endemic to Australian monsoon-tropical rainforests" 1401: 1389: 1365: 1140: 664: 404: 290: 84: 3561: 3477: 3420: 3128: 3072: 2756: 1260:

Blue-winged pitta (Pitta moluccensis), Kaeng Krachan, Thailand

1170:

migrates from Korea, Japan, Taiwan and coastal China to Borneo

8016: 7637: 5829: 5307: 3782: 3524: 1415: 1405: 1393: 1178:

is the most widespread. The two species found in Africa, the

1144: 457: 444: 302: 286: 273:

climates. They are mostly found in forests, but some live in

3001: 7504: 3231: 1426: 1425:

fashion, moving aside leaves with a sweeping motion of the

1397: 1231:

studies have not shed much light on this. One study in the

408:, due to similarities of morphology and behaviour. In 1816 255: 213: 104: 20: 2605:. Vol. 14. London: British Museum. 1888. p. 412. 2312:(in French). Paris: Deterville/self. p. 42, Num. 137. 2127:

used "Pittinae" for pittas, treated as a subfamily of the

2436:

10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3544[1:PAEHOO]2.0.CO;2

1361: 943: 667:(suborder Passeri) reached the Old World from Australia. 663:. The pittas diverged and spread through Asia before the 3179:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. pp. 117–125. 2718:

Monograph of the Pittidae, or the family of ant-thrushes

2408: 3175:

Higgins, P.J.; Peter, J.M.; Steele, W.K., eds. (2001).

2602:

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Volume 14

439:), and particularly the Old World suboscines; the 364:

The first pitta to be described scientifically was the

3598: 2942: 2812: 1591:

Pittas have been targeted by poachers for the illegal

1572:, is too poorly known to be assessed and is listed as 3200:

Pegan, Teresa; Hruska, Jack; M. Hite, Justin (2013).

2714: 2464: 398:

moved it and three other pittas to the thrush family

7842: 7715: 7013: 6847: 4519: 3985: 3975: 3928: 3918: 3908: 3898: 3859: 3849: 3839: 3829: 3696:

Pittas of the World, A Monograph of the Pitta Family

3630:

Shepherd, Chris; Eaton, James; Serene, Chng (2015).

3232:

Lin, Ruey-Shing; Yao, Cheng-Te; Pei-Fen Lee (2007).

2154:

History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names

911:

Phylogeny of the family Pittidae, based on Selvatti

3629: 3607:. Cambridge: BirdLife International. Archived from 3351:

place wallaby dung at the entrance to their nests?"

2841: 1348:, used to smash snails against to remove the shells 700:) of New Guinea, where it was kept until 1931 when 3345: 3199: 3174: 3151: 3044: 2672: 2115:on the grounds that Swainson merely used the word 1545:(male left, female right) are threatened by rapid 963:, which had often been placed into its own genus, 659:broadbills 24 to 30 million years ago, during the 2921: 1088:Unlike most other forest-floor bird species, the 8148: 3693: 3483: 3426: 3261: 3137: 3078: 2970:"A review of the species of the family Pittidae" 2762: 2290: 1204:are mostly found in Asia. with one species, the 1077:in the skull unlike typical perching birds. The 3432: 3375: 3238:nestlings in Taiwan as revealed by videotaping" 3002:Lok, A.; Khor, K.; Lim, K.; R. Subaraj (2009). 2967: 2844:"Biological species limits in the Banded Pitta 2309:Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire 3882: 3653:Dutson, Guy C.L.; Newman, Jonathan L. (1991). 3376:Zimmermann, Udo M.; Noske, Richard A. (2003). 3343: 3337: 3168: 3143: 3091: 3089: 3087: 987:International Union for Conservation of Nature 716:(1888) brought the number back down to four – 318:International Union for Conservation of Nature 3741: 3495: 3227: 3225: 3223: 2945:The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines 2862: 2552:"Die Syrinx einiger Singvögel aus Neu-Guinea" 2329:(4th ed.). Gurney and Jackson. pp. 1609:Birds of the World: Recommended English Names 978:Birds of the World: Recommended English Names 3652: 3449:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 3371: 3369: 2997: 2995: 2322: 714:Catalogue of the Birds of the British Museum 3084: 2928:. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 2779: 2504: 2502: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 1513: 1116: 736:included three genera split into subgenera 339: 3748: 3734: 3220: 2402: 2219: 1533: 40: 3674: 3583: 3546: 3520: 3518: 3460: 3366: 3149: 3040: 3038: 2992: 2925:The Structure and Classification of Birds 2898: 2526: 2490: 2425: 1564:by the IUCN. Eight species are listed as 1216:, which is endemic to the tiny island of 989:(which follows the HBW Alive checklist). 368:, which was described and illustrated by 3592: 3498:"The Jewel Hunter [Book Review]" 3378:"Breeding biology of the Rainbow Pitta, 3100:in tropical and subtropical Australia". 2731: 2725: 2679:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive 2670: 2499: 2337: 2302: 2270: 1537: 1483: 1451: 1339: 1255: 1246: 1161: 1040: 929: 343: 3344:Zimmerman, Udo; Noske, Richard (2004). 3095: 2835: 2808: 2806: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2316: 2253: 1208:, reaching the north of Australia. The 320:; a further nine species are listed as 8149: 3646: 3515: 3035: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2229:Annals and Magazine of Natural History 1251: 7924: 7923: 6836: 4251: 3807: 3729: 2842:Rheindt, Frank; James Easton (2010). 2791:. International Ornithologists' Union 2738:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 2174: 1492:has a clutch size of six or more eggs 1404:and, in the case of the fairy pitta, 973:International Ornithological Congress 3255: 2803: 2549: 2543: 2458: 2151: 416:. The name is derived from the word 376:included the species in his revised 332:, but they are also targeted by the 312:Four species of pitta are listed as 3694:Erritzoe, L.; Erritzoe, H. (1998). 2768: 2609: 1602: 1560:, and a further nine are listed as 1335: 1057:at 15 cm (5.9 in) to the 983:Handbook of the Birds of the World' 13: 3655:"Observations on the Superb Pitta 3496:GrrlScientist (28 February 2011). 2986:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1893.tb01238.x 2879:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 1266: 1073:. Anatomically, pittas have large 1017:was split into three species, one 995:Handbook of the Birds of the World 924:Handbook of the Birds of the World 678:split the pittas into two genera, 14: 8168: 3808: 3713: 2943:Schodde, R.; Mason, I.J. (1999). 1279:The call of the blue-winged pitta 4234: 3698:. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press. 3004:"Pittas (Pittidae) of Singapore" 2374:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00249.x 2326:Popular Handbook of Indian Birds 2119:as the plural of the genus name 1926: 1768: 1628: 1304:Problems playing this file? See 1284: 1143:but stays at lower altitudes in 269:; a few species can be found in 61: 3722:on the Internet Bird Collection 3663:Bird Conservation International 3623: 3599:BirdLife International (2001). 3572:Bird Conservation International 3555: 3535:Bird Conservation International 3489: 3298: 3193: 2961: 2936: 2915: 2783:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). 2708: 2593: 2515:Molecular Biology and Evolution 1155:use parks and urban gardens in 985:s HBW Alive checklist, and the 523:(green and African broadbills) 4252: 3687: 3564:"The status of Gurney's Pitta 2785:"NZ wrens, broadbills, pittas" 2715:Elliot, Daniel Giraud (1895). 2296: 2264: 2247: 2213: 2168: 2145: 2101: 1036: 1025:. A 2013 study found that the 258:. Many have brightly coloured 1: 2138: 1126:, as its name suggests, is a 704:demonstrated that it had the 352:was once placed in the genus 3484:Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998 3462:10.25226/bboc.v137i3.2017.a2 3427:Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998 3356:Australian Field Ornithology 3138:Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998 3079:Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998 2763:Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998 2681:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 2291:Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998 1873:Erythropitta novaehibernicae 1837:Erythropitta caeruleitorques 1441:Like most birds, pittas are 1295:Recorded in Phuket, Thailand 942:A 2006 study of the nuclear 7: 6837: 3307:Eulabeornis castaneoventris 2789:World Bird List Version 8.2 2721:. London: Bernard Quaritch. 1464:Pittas build a rudimentary 1436: 672:A Monograph of the Pittidae 10: 8173: 2922:Beddard, Frank E. (1898). 2873:Erythropitta erythrogaster 2674:"Family Pittidae (Pittas)" 2131:or thrush family, in 1844. 1801:Erythropitta erythrogaster 1200:. The pittas of the clade 1196:, which is endemic to the 412:moved it to the new genus 18: 7932: 7886: 7863: 7784: 7757: 7737: 7714: 7694: 7674: 7654: 7256: 7215: 7187: 7146: 7137: 7117: 7108: 7088: 7061: 7034: 6997: 6977: 6859: 6845: 6832: 6083: 5993: 5839: 5714: 5617: 5548: 5507: 5498: 5464: 5444: 5435: 5338: 5213: 5193: 5145: 4949: 4852: 4769: 4735: 4720: 4711: 4666: 4569: 4560: 4533: 4508: 4499: 4472: 4298: 4264: 4260: 4247: 4232: 4206: 4182: 4158: 4124: 4097: 4035: 4008: 3999: 3971: 3962: 3953: 3873: 3820: 3816: 3803: 3765: 3676:10.1017/S0959270900000605 3659:and other Manus endemics" 3585:10.1017/S0959270900002604 3548:10.1017/S0959270909008612 3234:"The diet of Fairy Pitta 3017:: 155–165. Archived from 2418:American Museum Novitates 2241:10.1080/03745484409442625 881: 855: 838: 831: 824: 734:Monograph of the Pittidae 600: 566: 550: 543: 518: 502: 495: 488: 481: 169: 164: 58:Scientific classification 56: 48: 39: 34: 16:Family of passerine birds 3760:and their extinct allies 3531:in Myanmar and Thailand" 3060:. BirdLife International 2968:Whitehead, John (1893). 2559:Journal für Ornithologie 2254:Edwards, George (1764). 2152:Bock, Walter J. (1994). 2094: 1855:Erythropitta rufiventris 1514:Relationship with humans 1320:The pittas are strongly 1117:Distribution and habitat 1001:, which it treated as a 340:Taxonomy and systematics 3347:"Why do Rainbow Pittas 3158:Australian Bird Watcher 3150:Zimmerman, Udo (1995). 1846:Erythropitta rubrinucha 1819:Erythropitta celebensis 1547:deforestation in Borneo 1534:Status and conservation 265:Most pitta species are 3046:BirdLife International 2891:10.1098/rspb.2013.0309 2814:BirdLife International 2687:10.2173/bow.pittid1.01 2304:Vieillot, Louis Pierre 1900:Erythropitta granatina 1882:Erythropitta macklotii 1828:Erythropitta palliceps 1549: 1493: 1461: 1349: 1271: 1261: 1171: 1050: 939: 428:meaning "small bird". 361: 25:Pitta (disambiguation) 23:. For other uses, see 8116:Paleobiology Database 2528:10.1093/molbev/msw250 2323:Whistler, H. (1949). 2125:Hugh Edwin Strickland 2107:Walter Bock credited 1810:Erythropitta dohertyi 1582:critically endangered 1541: 1487: 1455: 1343: 1270: 1259: 1247:Behaviour and ecology 1165: 1044: 933: 410:Louis Pierre Vieillot 347: 324:and several more are 52:in southern Thailand 3443:Erythropitta ussheri 3050:"Species factsheet: 2947:. CSIRO Publishing. 2550:Mayr, Ernst (1931). 1991:Green-breasted pitta 1973:Azure-breasted pitta 1955:Ivory-breasted pitta 1918:Erythropitta venusta 1909:Erythropitta ussheri 1891:Erythropitta arcuata 1851:North Moluccan pitta 1842:South Moluccan pitta 1747:Bornean banded pitta 1738:Malayan banded pitta 1688:Hydrornis schneideri 1661:Hydrornis nipalensis 1458:green-breasted pitta 1184:green-breasted pitta 1023:Thai-Malay Peninsula 936:Malayan banded pitta 708:of an oscine bird. 3601:"Blue-headed Pitta" 3398:2003EmuAO.103..245Z 3323:1998EmuAO..98...74W 3114:1994EmuAO..94..273W 3011:Nature in Singapore 2571:1931JOrni..79..333M 2492:10.1038/nature19417 2483:2015Natur.526..569P 2293:, pp. 14, 132. 2221:Strickland, Hugh E. 1905:Black-crowned pitta 1751:Hydrornis schwaneri 1252:Sociality and calls 1239:, all in the genus 999:black-crowned pitta 380:(1766–1768) of the 159:Authority disputed. 19:For the bread, see 5107:Sylviorthorhynchus 3245:Zoological Studies 2885:(1759): 20130309. 2579:10.1007/bf01953006 1864:Erythropitta meeki 1792:Erythropitta kochi 1729:Javan banded pitta 1724:Hydrornis elliotii 1697:Hydrornis caerulea 1550: 1543:Blue-headed pittas 1494: 1462: 1350: 1272: 1262: 1172: 1149:blue-winged pittas 1051: 940: 447:and the New World 394:. Ten years later 362: 8144: 8143: 8103:Open Tree of Life 7926:Taxon identifiers 7917: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7786:Ptilonorhynchidae 7211: 7210: 7207: 7206: 6828: 6827: 6824: 6823: 5989: 5988: 5985: 5984: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5136: 4707: 4706: 4524:Pseudoseisuropsis 4243: 4242: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4202: 4201: 4178: 4177: 4074:Pseudocalyptomena 3949: 3948: 3705:978-0-7188-2961-2 3186:978-0-19-553258-6 3122:10.1071/MU9940273 2818:"Family Pittidae" 2749:978-84-87334-50-4 2477:(7607): 569–573. 2362:Zoologica Scripta 2092: 2091: 2072:Black-faced pitta 2031:Pitta megarhyncha 2022:Pitta moluccensis 2018:Blue-winged pitta 1887:Blue-banded pitta 1760:Hydrornis gurneyi 1733:Hydrornis guajana 1720:Bar-bellied pitta 1702:Blue-headed pitta 1684:Schneider's pitta 1675:Rusty-naped pitta 1666:Blue-rumped pitta 1652:Hydrornis phayrei 1586:blue-headed pitta 1460:in its domed nest 1421:Pittas feed in a 1289: 1222:Admiralty Islands 1194:black-faced pitta 1108:. Like the other 1106:rusty-naped pitta 1102:blue-rumped pitta 1055:blue-banded pitta 1027:red-bellied pitta 957:sexual dimorphism 919: 918: 905: 904: 896: 895: 870: 869: 692:lesser melampitta 637: 636: 623: 622: 614: 613: 589: 588: 580: 579: 532: 531: 392:Corvus brachyurus 350:rusty-naped pitta 297:in a large domed 196: 195: 160: 8164: 8137: 8136: 8124: 8123: 8111: 8110: 8098: 8097: 8085: 8084: 8072: 8071: 8059: 8058: 8046: 8045: 8033: 8032: 8020: 8019: 8007: 8006: 7994: 7993: 7981: 7980: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7953: 7952: 7951: 7921: 7920: 7844: 7717: 7217:Melanocharitidae 7144: 7143: 7115: 7114: 7015: 6979:Atrichornithidae 6857: 6856: 6849: 6834: 6833: 6619:Pseudocolopteryx 5505: 5504: 5442: 5441: 4718: 4717: 4567: 4566: 4562:Dendrocolaptinae 4521: 4506: 4505: 4262: 4261: 4249: 4248: 4238: 4006: 4005: 3987: 3977: 3969: 3968: 3960: 3959: 3930: 3920: 3910: 3900: 3880: 3879: 3861: 3851: 3841: 3831: 3818: 3817: 3805: 3804: 3789:Psittacopasseres 3750: 3743: 3736: 3727: 3726: 3709: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3611:on 11 April 2016 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3522: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3464: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3373: 3364: 3363: 3353: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3331:10.1071/MU98007E 3302: 3296: 3295: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3242: 3229: 3218: 3217: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3155: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3126: 3125: 3098:Pitta versicolor 3093: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3042: 3033: 3032: 3030: 3029: 3023: 3008: 2999: 2990: 2989: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2902: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2810: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2777: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2676: 2668: 2607: 2606: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2556: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2530: 2506: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2429: 2415: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2396: 2390: 2384:. Archived from 2359: 2350: 2335: 2334: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2184: 2176:Olson, Storrs L. 2172: 2166: 2165: 2149: 2132: 2109:William Swainson 2105: 2067:Pitta versicolor 1995:Pitta reichenowi 1986:Pitta angolensis 1940: 1930: 1797:Philippine pitta 1782: 1772: 1715:Hydrornis cyanea 1706:Hydrornis baudii 1679:Hydrornis oatesi 1657:Blue-naped pitta 1642: 1632: 1614: 1613: 1603:Species of pitta 1597:brown tree snake 1528:The Jewel Hunter 1378:Freshwater crabs 1336:Diet and feeding 1291: 1290: 1269: 1189:Pitta versicolor 1098:blue-naped pitta 834: 833: 827: 826: 820: 819: 815: 814: 732:. Elliot's 1895 546: 545: 498: 497: 491: 490: 484: 483: 477: 476: 472: 471: 435:birds (suborder 158: 66: 65: 44: 32: 31: 8172: 8171: 8167: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8162: 8161: 8147: 8146: 8145: 8140: 8132: 8127: 8119: 8114: 8106: 8101: 8093: 8088: 8080: 8075: 8067: 8062: 8054: 8049: 8041: 8036: 8028: 8023: 8015: 8010: 8002: 7997: 7989: 7984: 7976: 7971: 7962: 7961: 7956: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7928: 7918: 7905: 7882: 7859: 7830:Ptilonorhynchus 7780: 7753: 7733: 7710: 7690: 7670: 7650: 7274:Acanthorhynchus 7252: 7203: 7183: 7133: 7104: 7084: 7057: 7030: 6993: 6973: 6855: 6841: 6820: 6079: 5981: 5835: 5710: 5613: 5544: 5494: 5460: 5446:Euchrepomidinae 5431: 5334: 5209: 5195:Melanopareiidae 5189: 5133: 4945: 4848: 4765: 4731: 4703: 4662: 4580:Campylorhamphus 4571:Dendrocolaptini 4556: 4529: 4495: 4468: 4386:Perissocephalus 4294: 4256: 4239: 4222: 4198: 4174: 4154: 4120: 4093: 4031: 3995: 3945: 3884:Acanthisittidae 3869: 3834:Corvitalusoides 3812: 3799: 3761: 3754: 3716: 3706: 3690: 3685: 3684: 3651: 3647: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3612: 3597: 3593: 3560: 3556: 3523: 3516: 3506: 3504: 3494: 3490: 3482: 3478: 3437: 3433: 3425: 3421: 3406:10.1071/MU02005 3374: 3367: 3342: 3338: 3303: 3299: 3276:10.2307/4083624 3260: 3256: 3240: 3230: 3221: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3173: 3169: 3148: 3144: 3136: 3129: 3094: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3063: 3061: 3043: 3036: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3006: 3000: 2993: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2941: 2937: 2920: 2916: 2867: 2863: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2811: 2804: 2794: 2792: 2778: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2750: 2730: 2726: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2669: 2610: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2554: 2548: 2544: 2507: 2500: 2463: 2459: 2427:10.1.1.331.7073 2413: 2407: 2403: 2394: 2392: 2388: 2357: 2351: 2338: 2321: 2317: 2301: 2297: 2289: 2285: 2269: 2265: 2252: 2248: 2218: 2214: 2199:10.2307/4088759 2193:(2): 539–546 . 2182: 2173: 2169: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2135: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2076:Pitta anerythra 2054:Banda Sea pitta 2004:Pitta brachyura 1938: 1860:Louisiade pitta 1788:Whiskered pitta 1781:Bonaparte, 1854 1780: 1742:Hydrornis irena 1670:Hydrornis soror 1640: 1623:Living species 1605: 1593:wild-bird trade 1570:Louisiade pitta 1568:, and one, the 1566:near-threatened 1536: 1516: 1439: 1414:palm fruits or 1344:The anvil of a 1338: 1311: 1310: 1302: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1292: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1273: 1267: 1254: 1249: 1198:Solomon Islands 1119: 1075:temporal fossae 1039: 1031:species complex 906: 897: 871: 624: 615: 590: 581: 533: 460:they form, the 422:Telugu language 383:Systema Naturae 342: 334:cage-bird trade 326:near-threatened 216:found in Asia, 157: 60: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8170: 8160: 8159: 8142: 8141: 8139: 8138: 8125: 8112: 8099: 8086: 8073: 8060: 8047: 8034: 8021: 8008: 7995: 7982: 7969: 7954: 7938: 7936: 7930: 7929: 7915: 7914: 7911: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7903: 7902: 7901: 7892: 7890: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7879: 7878: 7869: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7857: 7850: 7840: 7833: 7826: 7819: 7812: 7805: 7798: 7790: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7778: 7771: 7763: 7761: 7759:Pomatostomidae 7755: 7754: 7752: 7751: 7743: 7741: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7731: 7723: 7721: 7719:Palaeoscinidae 7712: 7711: 7709: 7708: 7700: 7698: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7688: 7680: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7668: 7660: 7658: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7648: 7641: 7634: 7627: 7620: 7613: 7606: 7599: 7592: 7585: 7578: 7571: 7564: 7557: 7550: 7543: 7536: 7529: 7522: 7515: 7508: 7501: 7494: 7487: 7480: 7473: 7466: 7459: 7452: 7445: 7438: 7431: 7424: 7417: 7410: 7403: 7396: 7389: 7382: 7375: 7368: 7361: 7354: 7347: 7340: 7333: 7326: 7319: 7312: 7305: 7298: 7291: 7284: 7277: 7270: 7262: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7250: 7243: 7236: 7229: 7221: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7193: 7191: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7181: 7174: 7167: 7160: 7152: 7150: 7141: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7123: 7121: 7119:Amytornithinae 7112: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7094: 7092: 7090:Dasyornithidae 7086: 7085: 7083: 7082: 7075: 7067: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7048: 7040: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7021: 7011: 7003: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6983: 6981: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6971: 6964: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6936: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6865: 6863: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6830: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6818: 6811: 6804: 6797: 6790: 6783: 6776: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6720: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6601: 6594: 6591:Poecilotriccus 6587: 6580: 6573: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6545: 6538: 6531: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6503: 6496: 6489: 6482: 6475: 6468: 6461: 6454: 6447: 6440: 6433: 6426: 6419: 6412: 6405: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6363: 6356: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6328: 6321: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6293: 6286: 6279: 6272: 6269:Griseotyrannus 6265: 6258: 6251: 6244: 6237: 6230: 6223: 6216: 6209: 6202: 6195: 6188: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6146: 6139: 6132: 6125: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6097: 6089: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6077: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6049: 6042: 6035: 6032:Onychorhynchus 6028: 6021: 6014: 6007: 5999: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5972: 5965: 5958: 5951: 5944: 5941:Sakesphoroides 5937: 5930: 5923: 5916: 5909: 5902: 5895: 5888: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5853: 5845: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5826: 5819: 5812: 5805: 5798: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5728: 5720: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5701: 5694: 5687: 5680: 5673: 5666: 5659: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5635:Cercomacroides 5631: 5623: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5611: 5604: 5597: 5590: 5583: 5580:Epinecrophylla 5576: 5569: 5562: 5554: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5535: 5528: 5521: 5513: 5511: 5502: 5500:Thamnophilinae 5496: 5495: 5493: 5492: 5485: 5478: 5470: 5468: 5466:Myrmornithinae 5462: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5450: 5448: 5439: 5437:Thamnophilidae 5433: 5432: 5430: 5429: 5422: 5415: 5408: 5401: 5394: 5387: 5380: 5373: 5366: 5359: 5356:Eleoscytalopus 5352: 5344: 5342: 5340:Rhinocryptidae 5336: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5325: 5318: 5311: 5304: 5297: 5290: 5283: 5280:Machaeropterus 5276: 5269: 5262: 5255: 5248: 5241: 5234: 5227: 5219: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5199: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5159: 5151: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5131: 5124: 5117: 5110: 5103: 5096: 5089: 5086:Schoeniophylax 5082: 5075: 5068: 5061: 5054: 5047: 5040: 5033: 5026: 5019: 5012: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4977: 4970: 4963: 4955: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4943: 4936: 4929: 4922: 4915: 4908: 4901: 4894: 4891:Cichlocolaptes 4887: 4880: 4873: 4866: 4858: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4846: 4839: 4832: 4829:Pseudocolaptes 4825: 4818: 4811: 4804: 4797: 4790: 4783: 4775: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4756: 4753:Ochetorhynchus 4749: 4741: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4721: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4694: 4687: 4680: 4672: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4653: 4646: 4639: 4636:Lepidocolaptes 4632: 4625: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4597: 4594:Dendrocolaptes 4590: 4587:Dendrexetastes 4583: 4575: 4573: 4564: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4554: 4547: 4539: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4527: 4517: 4509: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4493: 4486: 4478: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4459: 4452: 4445: 4438: 4431: 4424: 4417: 4410: 4403: 4396: 4389: 4382: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4354: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4326: 4319: 4312: 4304: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4285: 4278: 4270: 4268: 4266:Conopophagidae 4258: 4257: 4245: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4212: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4188: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4164: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4152: 4145: 4138: 4130: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4118: 4111: 4103: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4091: 4084: 4077: 4070: 4063: 4056: 4049: 4041: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4029: 4022: 4014: 4012: 4010:Calyptomenidae 4003: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3993: 3983: 3972: 3966: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3936: 3926: 3916: 3906: 3896: 3888: 3886: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3867: 3857: 3847: 3837: 3826: 3824: 3822:incertae sedis 3814: 3813: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3753: 3752: 3745: 3738: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3715: 3714:External links 3712: 3711: 3710: 3704: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3669:(3): 215–222. 3645: 3622: 3591: 3578:(4): 351–367. 3554: 3541:(4): 353–366. 3514: 3488: 3476: 3455:(3): 173–194. 3431: 3419: 3392:(3): 245–254. 3365: 3336: 3297: 3254: 3219: 3192: 3185: 3167: 3142: 3127: 3108:(4): 273–277. 3083: 3071: 3034: 2991: 2980:(4): 488–509. 2960: 2954:978-0643100862 2953: 2935: 2914: 2861: 2834: 2802: 2767: 2755: 2748: 2724: 2707: 2608: 2592: 2565:(3): 333–337. 2542: 2521:(2): 483–499. 2498: 2457: 2401: 2368:(6): 567–580. 2336: 2315: 2295: 2283: 2272:Linnaeus, Carl 2263: 2246: 2212: 2167: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2078: 2069: 2060: 2058:Pitta vigorsii 2051: 2042: 2040:Pitta concinna 2033: 2027:Mangrove pitta 2024: 2015: 2006: 1997: 1988: 1979: 1970: 1961: 1952: 1941: 1939:Vieillot, 1816 1931: 1923: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1914:Graceful pitta 1911: 1902: 1893: 1884: 1875: 1869:Bismarck pitta 1866: 1857: 1848: 1839: 1830: 1821: 1815:Sulawesi pitta 1812: 1803: 1794: 1783: 1773: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1756:Gurney's pitta 1753: 1744: 1735: 1726: 1717: 1708: 1699: 1690: 1681: 1672: 1663: 1654: 1643: 1633: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1604: 1601: 1574:data deficient 1535: 1532: 1515: 1512: 1503:Gurney's pitta 1456:An incubating 1438: 1435: 1431:olfactory bulb 1337: 1334: 1301: 1294: 1293: 1283: 1278: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1124:mangrove pitta 1118: 1115: 1038: 1035: 1011:graceful pitta 1005:of either the 917: 916: 908: 907: 903: 902: 899: 898: 894: 893: 890: 889: 880: 877: 876: 873: 872: 868: 867: 864: 863: 854: 851: 850: 847: 846: 837: 832: 830: 825: 823: 818: 774:Phaenicocichla 710:Philip Sclater 694:(in the genus 635: 634: 626: 625: 621: 620: 617: 616: 612: 611: 608: 607: 599: 596: 595: 592: 591: 587: 586: 583: 582: 578: 577: 574: 573: 565: 562: 561: 558: 557: 549: 544: 542: 539: 538: 535: 534: 530: 529: 526: 525: 521:Calyptomenidae 517: 514: 513: 510: 509: 501: 496: 494: 489: 487: 482: 480: 475: 402:and the genus 396:Statius Müller 370:George Edwards 356:but is now in 341: 338: 194: 193: 192: 191: 184: 177: 167: 166: 162: 161: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 82: 78: 77: 72: 68: 67: 54: 53: 46: 45: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8169: 8158: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8135: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8117: 8113: 8109: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8091: 8087: 8083: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8065: 8061: 8057: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8013: 8009: 8005: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7974: 7970: 7965: 7959: 7955: 7950: 7944: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7922: 7900: 7896: 7895: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7877: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7862: 7856: 7855: 7851: 7849: 7848: 7841: 7839: 7838: 7834: 7832: 7831: 7827: 7825: 7824: 7820: 7818: 7817: 7813: 7811: 7810: 7806: 7804: 7803: 7799: 7797: 7796: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7783: 7777: 7776: 7772: 7770: 7769: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7756: 7750: 7749: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7740: 7736: 7730: 7729: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7720: 7713: 7707: 7706: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7696:Orthonychidae 7693: 7687: 7686: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7676:Notiomystidae 7673: 7667: 7666: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7642: 7640: 7639: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7628: 7626: 7625: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7614: 7612: 7611: 7607: 7605: 7604: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7593: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7584: 7583: 7579: 7577: 7576: 7572: 7570: 7569: 7568:Prosthemadera 7565: 7563: 7562: 7558: 7556: 7555: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7542: 7541: 7537: 7535: 7534: 7533:Plectorhyncha 7530: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7521: 7520: 7516: 7514: 7513: 7509: 7507: 7506: 7502: 7500: 7499: 7498:Microptilotis 7495: 7493: 7492: 7488: 7486: 7485: 7481: 7479: 7478: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7467: 7465: 7464: 7460: 7458: 7457: 7453: 7451: 7450: 7446: 7444: 7443: 7439: 7437: 7436: 7432: 7430: 7429: 7425: 7423: 7422: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7411: 7409: 7408: 7407:Lichenostomus 7404: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7393:Guadalcanaria 7390: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7374: 7373: 7369: 7367: 7366: 7362: 7360: 7359: 7355: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7346: 7345: 7341: 7339: 7338: 7334: 7332: 7331: 7327: 7325: 7324: 7320: 7318: 7317: 7313: 7311: 7310: 7306: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7290: 7289: 7285: 7283: 7282: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7271: 7269: 7268: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7255: 7249: 7248: 7244: 7242: 7241: 7240:Rhamphocharis 7237: 7235: 7234: 7230: 7228: 7227: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7166: 7165: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7157:Chenorhamphus 7154: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7125: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7079:Loboparadisea 7076: 7074: 7073: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7063:Cnemophilidae 7060: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7036:Climacteridae 7033: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7012: 7010: 7009: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6976: 6970: 6969: 6965: 6963: 6962: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6951: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6937: 6935: 6934: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6923: 6921: 6920: 6919:Neosericornis 6916: 6914: 6913: 6909: 6907: 6906: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6891:Aphelocephala 6888: 6886: 6885: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6872: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6853: 6844: 6840: 6835: 6831: 6817: 6816: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6784: 6782: 6781: 6777: 6775: 6774: 6770: 6768: 6767: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6756: 6754: 6753: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6745:Taeniotriccus 6742: 6740: 6739: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6700: 6698: 6697: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6663: 6662: 6661:Rhynchocyclus 6658: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6649: 6648: 6644: 6642: 6641: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6626:Pseudotriccus 6623: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6609: 6607: 6606: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6598:Pogonotriccus 6595: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6565: 6564: 6563:Phylloscartes 6560: 6558: 6557: 6553: 6551: 6550: 6546: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6532: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6523: 6522: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6511: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6495: 6494: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6481: 6480: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6467: 6466: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6425: 6424: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6416:Muscisaxicola 6413: 6411: 6410: 6406: 6404: 6403: 6399: 6397: 6396: 6392: 6390: 6389: 6385: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6369: 6368: 6364: 6362: 6361: 6357: 6355: 6354: 6350: 6348: 6347: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6332:Lathrotriccus 6329: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6313: 6312: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6301: 6299: 6298: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6287: 6285: 6284: 6280: 6278: 6277: 6273: 6271: 6270: 6266: 6264: 6263: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6236: 6235: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6201: 6200: 6196: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6175: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6154: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6145: 6144: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6133: 6131: 6130: 6126: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6115:Aphanotriccus 6112: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6060:Terenotriccus 6057: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6048: 6047: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6029: 6027: 6026: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6013: 6012: 6008: 6006: 6005: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5978: 5977: 5973: 5971: 5970: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5959: 5957: 5956: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5924: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5892:Herpsilochmus 5889: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5841:Thamnophilini 5838: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5825: 5824: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5799: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5790: 5789: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5769: 5768: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5760:Hypocnemoides 5757: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5734: 5733: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5700: 5699: 5695: 5693: 5692: 5691:Rhegmatorhina 5688: 5686: 5685: 5681: 5679: 5678: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5670:Phaenostictus 5667: 5665: 5664: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5644: 5643: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5591: 5589: 5588: 5584: 5582: 5581: 5577: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5550:Microrhopiini 5547: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5509:Formicivorini 5506: 5503: 5501: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5486: 5484: 5483: 5479: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5427: 5423: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5414: 5413: 5409: 5407: 5406: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5391:Psilorhamphus 5388: 5386: 5385: 5381: 5379: 5378: 5374: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5324: 5323: 5319: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5310: 5309: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5296: 5295: 5291: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5254: 5253: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5072:Pseudoseisura 5069: 5067: 5066: 5065:Pseudasthenes 5062: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5051:Phacellodomus 5048: 5046: 5045: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5018: 5017: 5016:Leptasthenura 5013: 5011: 5010: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4962: 4961: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4937: 4935: 4934: 4930: 4928: 4927: 4923: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4900: 4899: 4895: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4817: 4816: 4812: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4803: 4802: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4737:Pygarrhichini 4734: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4657:Xiphorhynchus 4654: 4652: 4651: 4650:Xiphocolaptes 4647: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4624: 4623: 4622:Glyphorynchus 4619: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4474:Formicariidae 4471: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4421:Porphyrolaema 4418: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4346: 4345: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4275:Cephalopterus 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4237: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4192: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4171: 4170: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4099:Philepittidae 4096: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4055: 4054: 4053:Cymbirhynchus 4050: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3974: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3935: 3934: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3917: 3915: 3914: 3907: 3905: 3904: 3903:Dendroscansor 3897: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3838: 3836: 3835: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3810:Passeriformes 3806: 3802: 3796: 3795:Passeriformes 3792: 3790: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3767: 3764: 3759: 3751: 3746: 3744: 3739: 3737: 3732: 3731: 3728: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3707: 3701: 3697: 3692: 3691: 3677: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3658: 3657:Pitta superba 3649: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3626: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3595: 3586: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3567: 3558: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3530: 3529:Pitta gurneyi 3521: 3519: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3486:, p. 27. 3485: 3480: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3444: 3435: 3429:, p. 26. 3428: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3381: 3372: 3370: 3362:(4): 163–165. 3361: 3357: 3352: 3350: 3340: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3251:(3): 355–361. 3250: 3246: 3239: 3237: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3205: 3204:Pitta ussheri 3196: 3188: 3182: 3178: 3171: 3164:(4): 161–164. 3163: 3159: 3154: 3146: 3140:, p. 22. 3139: 3134: 3132: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3081:, p. 21. 3080: 3075: 3059: 3055: 3053: 3052:Pitta superba 3047: 3041: 3039: 3024:on 2014-01-25 3020: 3016: 3012: 3005: 2998: 2996: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2964: 2956: 2950: 2946: 2939: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2874: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2847: 2846:Pitta guajana 2838: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2807: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2765:, p. 14. 2764: 2759: 2751: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2728: 2720: 2719: 2711: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2604: 2603: 2596: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2561:(in German). 2560: 2553: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2503: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2461: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2412: 2405: 2391:on 2020-02-23 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2356: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2319: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2299: 2292: 2287: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2267: 2259: 2258: 2250: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2216: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2177: 2171: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2148: 2144: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2100: 2086: 2082: 2081:Rainbow pitta 2079: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2049:Pitta elegans 2046: 2045:Elegant pitta 2043: 2041: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1982:African pitta 1980: 1978: 1977:Pitta steerii 1974: 1971: 1969: 1968:Pitta superba 1965: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1950:Pitta sordida 1947: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1833:Sangihe pitta 1831: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1520:aviculturists 1511: 1509: 1506:are entirely 1504: 1499: 1496:Both parents 1491: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1374:lepidopterans 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1347: 1342: 1333: 1330: 1329:vocalisations 1325: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1309: 1307: 1281: 1258: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1180:African pitta 1177: 1169: 1164: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1153:hooded pittas 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1132:rainbow pitta 1129: 1125: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1048: 1043: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 990: 988: 984: 980: 979: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 945: 937: 932: 928: 926: 925: 914: 910: 909: 901: 900: 892: 891: 888: 887: 886: 879: 878: 875: 874: 866: 865: 862: 861: 860: 853: 852: 849: 848: 845: 844: 843: 836: 835: 829: 828: 822: 821: 817: 816: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 770:Purpureipitta 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 698: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676:Daniel Elliot 673: 668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 649: 644: 643: 632: 628: 627: 619: 618: 610: 609: 606: 604: 598: 597: 594: 593: 585: 584: 576: 575: 572: 570: 569:Philepittidae 564: 563: 560: 559: 556: 555:(broadbills) 554: 548: 547: 541: 540: 537: 536: 528: 527: 524: 522: 516: 515: 512: 511: 508: 506: 500: 499: 493: 492: 486: 485: 479: 478: 474: 473: 470: 467: 463: 459: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 406: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 384: 379: 375: 374:Carl Linnaeus 371: 367: 359: 355: 351: 346: 337: 335: 331: 330:deforestation 327: 323: 319: 315: 310: 308: 304: 301:in a tree or 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 263: 261: 257: 253: 252: 247: 246: 241: 240: 235: 234: 229: 228: 223: 219: 215: 212: 208: 204: 200: 190: 189: 185: 183: 182: 178: 176: 175: 171: 170: 168: 163: 156: 153: 150: 149: 146: 143: 141:Superfamily: 140: 139: 136: 133: 130: 129: 126: 123: 120: 119: 116: 115:Passeriformes 113: 110: 109: 106: 103: 100: 99: 96: 93: 90: 89: 86: 83: 80: 79: 76: 73: 70: 69: 64: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 26: 22: 7933: 7852: 7847:Sericuloides 7845: 7837:Scenopoeetes 7835: 7828: 7821: 7814: 7807: 7800: 7793: 7775:Pomatostomus 7773: 7766: 7746: 7739:Pardalotidae 7728:Palaeoscinis 7726: 7703: 7683: 7663: 7643: 7636: 7629: 7622: 7615: 7608: 7603:Stresemannia 7601: 7594: 7587: 7580: 7573: 7566: 7559: 7552: 7547:Phylidonyris 7545: 7538: 7531: 7524: 7519:Nesoptilotis 7517: 7510: 7503: 7496: 7489: 7484:Melithreptus 7482: 7475: 7468: 7463:Meliphacator 7461: 7454: 7447: 7440: 7433: 7426: 7419: 7412: 7405: 7398: 7391: 7384: 7377: 7370: 7363: 7356: 7349: 7342: 7335: 7328: 7321: 7314: 7307: 7300: 7293: 7286: 7279: 7272: 7267:Acanthagenys 7265: 7258:Meliphagidae 7247:Toxorhamphus 7245: 7238: 7231: 7226:Melanocharis 7224: 7196: 7176: 7169: 7162: 7155: 7126: 7097: 7077: 7070: 7050: 7043: 7025:Philesturnus 7023: 7016: 7006: 6986: 6966: 6959: 6954:Pyrrholaemus 6952: 6945: 6938: 6931: 6924: 6917: 6910: 6903: 6896: 6889: 6882: 6875: 6868: 6861:Acanthizidae 6852:Resoviaornis 6850: 6813: 6806: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6778: 6771: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6696:Silvicultrix 6694: 6687: 6680: 6673: 6666: 6659: 6654:Ramphotrigon 6652: 6645: 6638: 6633:Pyrocephalus 6631: 6624: 6617: 6612:Pseudelaenia 6610: 6603: 6596: 6589: 6584:Platyrinchus 6582: 6575: 6568: 6561: 6554: 6547: 6540: 6533: 6526: 6519: 6512: 6505: 6500:Nephelomyias 6498: 6491: 6484: 6477: 6470: 6463: 6458:Myiotheretes 6456: 6449: 6442: 6435: 6430:Myiodynastes 6428: 6421: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6386: 6379: 6374:Mecocerculus 6372: 6365: 6360:Lophotriccus 6358: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6330: 6323: 6316: 6309: 6302: 6297:Heteroxolmis 6295: 6288: 6281: 6274: 6267: 6260: 6253: 6246: 6239: 6232: 6225: 6218: 6211: 6204: 6199:Colorhamphus 6197: 6190: 6183: 6178:Cnemotriccus 6176: 6169: 6162: 6155: 6148: 6141: 6134: 6129:Atalotriccus 6127: 6122:Arundinicola 6120: 6113: 6106: 6099: 6092: 6072: 6065: 6058: 6051: 6046:Pachyramphus 6044: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6002: 5974: 5969:Thamnophilus 5967: 5960: 5953: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5927:Radinopsyche 5925: 5918: 5913:Mackenziaena 5911: 5904: 5897: 5890: 5885:Frederickena 5883: 5876: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5848: 5828: 5821: 5814: 5807: 5800: 5793: 5786: 5779: 5772: 5765: 5758: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5730: 5723: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5682: 5675: 5668: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5606: 5601:Myrmorchilus 5599: 5592: 5587:Microrhopias 5585: 5578: 5573:Clytoctantes 5571: 5566:Aprositornis 5564: 5557: 5537: 5532:Myrmotherula 5530: 5523: 5516: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5453: 5424: 5417: 5412:Scelorchilus 5410: 5403: 5398:Pteroptochos 5396: 5389: 5382: 5375: 5368: 5361: 5354: 5347: 5327: 5320: 5313: 5306: 5299: 5292: 5285: 5278: 5271: 5264: 5259:Heterocercus 5257: 5250: 5243: 5236: 5229: 5222: 5204:Melanopareia 5202: 5182: 5175: 5170:Grallaricula 5168: 5161: 5154: 5147:Grallariidae 5126: 5119: 5112: 5105: 5098: 5091: 5084: 5077: 5070: 5063: 5056: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4995:Coryphistera 4993: 4986: 4979: 4972: 4965: 4960:Acrobatornis 4958: 4940:Thripadectes 4938: 4931: 4924: 4917: 4910: 4903: 4896: 4889: 4882: 4875: 4868: 4863:Anabacerthia 4861: 4841: 4834: 4827: 4820: 4815:Phleocryptes 4813: 4806: 4799: 4792: 4785: 4778: 4760:Pygarrhichas 4758: 4751: 4744: 4724: 4696: 4689: 4684:Dendrocincla 4682: 4677:Certhiasomus 4675: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4634: 4629:Hylexetastes 4627: 4620: 4615:Drymotoxeres 4613: 4606: 4599: 4592: 4585: 4578: 4549: 4542: 4522: 4512: 4488: 4481: 4461: 4454: 4447: 4440: 4433: 4426: 4419: 4412: 4405: 4400:Phoenicircus 4398: 4391: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4365:Haematoderus 4363: 4356: 4349: 4342: 4335: 4328: 4321: 4314: 4307: 4287: 4280: 4273: 4167: 4148: 4147: 4140: 4135:Erythropitta 4133: 4113: 4106: 4086: 4081:Sarcophanops 4079: 4072: 4065: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4037:Eurylaimidae 4024: 4017: 4001:Eurylaimides 3988: 3978: 3938: 3931: 3923:Pachyplichas 3921: 3911: 3901: 3893:Acanthisitta 3891: 3875:Acanthisitti 3862: 3852: 3842: 3832: 3821: 3720:Pitta videos 3695: 3666: 3662: 3656: 3648: 3639: 3636:Birding Asia 3635: 3625: 3613:. Retrieved 3609:the original 3604: 3594: 3575: 3571: 3568:, 1987–1989" 3566:Pitta gumeyi 3565: 3557: 3538: 3534: 3528: 3505:. Retrieved 3502:The Guardian 3501: 3491: 3479: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3434: 3422: 3389: 3385: 3379: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3339: 3317:(1): 74–78. 3314: 3310: 3306: 3300: 3270:(1): 55–61. 3267: 3263: 3257: 3248: 3244: 3236:Pitta nympha 3235: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3195: 3176: 3170: 3161: 3157: 3145: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3074: 3062:. Retrieved 3057: 3051: 3026:. Retrieved 3019:the original 3014: 3010: 2977: 2973: 2963: 2944: 2938: 2924: 2917: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2864: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2837: 2825:. Retrieved 2821: 2793:. Retrieved 2788: 2758: 2734: 2727: 2717: 2710: 2698:. Retrieved 2678: 2601: 2595: 2562: 2558: 2545: 2518: 2514: 2474: 2470: 2460: 2417: 2404: 2393:. 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4912:Heliobletus 4898:Clibanornis 4870:Anabazenops 4854:Philydorini 4836:Tarphonomus 4746:Microxenops 4713:Furnariinae 4691:Deconychura 4668:Sittasomini 4535:Sclerurinae 4514:Berlepschia 4501:Furnariidae 4490:Formicarius 4337:Conioptilon 4323:Carpodectes 4309:Ampelioides 4282:Conopophaga 4217:See below ↓ 4193:See below ↓ 4108:Neodrepanis 4019:Calyptomena 3980:Crosnoornis 3688:Cited texts 2781:Gill, Frank 2420:(3544): 1. 2063:Noisy pitta 2009:Fairy pitta 1693:Giant pitta 1648:Eared pitta 1641:Blyth, 1843 1478:clutch size 1423:thrush-like 1411:Carpentaria 1346:noisy pitta 1322:territorial 1313:Pittas are 1233:Philippines 1168:fairy pitta 1137:fairy pitta 1059:giant pitta 1037:Description 965:Anthocincla 961:eared pitta 806:Ornatipitta 804:(subgenera 790:Galeripitta 778:Monilipitta 744:(subgenera 738:Anthocincla 730:Coracopitta 718:Anthocincla 657:Calyptomena 648:Calyptomena 426:South India 233:Calyptomena 218:Australasia 7823:Prionodura 7816:Chlamydera 7809:Archboldia 7802:Amblyornis 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4449:Snowornis 4435:Pyroderus 4407:Phytotoma 4393:Phibalura 4351:Doliornis 4330:Carpornis 4289:Pittasoma 4142:Hydrornis 3933:Traversia 3769:Kingdom: 3471:0007-1595 3058:Data Zone 2822:Data Zone 2695:241970288 2444:2246/5822 2422:CiteSeerX 1637:Hydrornis 1508:altricial 1370:true bugs 1237:migratory 1210:Hydrornis 1157:Singapore 1110:Hydrornis 1094:Hydrornis 1071:vestigial 1067:primaries 953:Hydrornis 885:Hydrornis 762:Coloburis 758:Hydrornis 746:Calopitta 661:Oligocene 507:(pittas) 466:passerine 433:suboscine 372:in 1764. 358:Hydrornis 307:migratory 279:mangroves 271:temperate 251:Hydrornis 211:passerine 181:Hydrornis 145:Pittoidea 81:Kingdom: 75:Eukaryota 8151:Category 7978:Pittidae 7964:Pittidae 7943:Wikidata 7934:Pittidae 7876:Corvides 7865:Corvides 7705:Orthonyx 7575:Purnella 7540:Philemon 7526:Oreornis 7512:Myzomela 7456:Melionyx 7428:Manorina 7414:Lichmera 7148:Malurini 7008:Callaeas 6912:Hylacola 6905:Gerygone 6794:Uromyias 6787:Tyrannus 6766:Tumbezia 6738:Tachuris 6703:Sirystes 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