Plateosaurus - Knowledge

2389: 1115: 657: 1348: 2230:, growth was initially rapid, continuing somewhat more slowly well beyond sexual maturity, but was determinate, i.e. the animals stopped growing at a maximum size. Mammals grow rapidly, but sexual maturity falls typically at the end of the rapid growth phase. In both groups, the final size is relatively constant, with humans atypically variable. Extant reptiles show a sauropod-like growth pattern, initially rapid, then slowing after sexual maturity, and almost, but not fully, stopping in old age. However, their initial growth rate is much lower than in mammals, birds and dinosaurs. The reptilian growth rate is also very variable, so that individuals of the same age may have very different sizes, and final size also varies significantly. In extant animals, this growth pattern is linked to 2196: 1963: 841: 2040: 2380:, as well as isolated bones. The partial skeletons tend to include the hind limbs and hips, while parts of the anterior body and neck are rarely found in isolation. The animals were all adults or subadults (nearly adult individuals); no juveniles or hatchlings are known. Complete skeletons and large skeleton parts that include the hind limbs all rest dorsal (top) side up, as do the turtles. Also, they are mostly well-articulated, and the hind limbs are three-dimensionally preserved in a zigzag posture, with the feet often much deeper in the sediment than the hips. 2250: 1615: 6534: 545: 6545: 6552: 7946: 8678: 159: 9913: 1603: 1295: 9907: 7951: 2313: 126: 3466: 1406: 7408: 993: 5580: 9902: 7400: 984:, using the term "breit" for different features, including "broad, strong limb bones," noting that it had: "mehreren verwachsenen Wirbeln bestehende Heiligenbein, breite, starke Gliedmaassenknochen von 1 1⁄2 Fuss Länge mit einer geräumigen Markhöhle, zierliche Krystalle von Nadeleisenerz einschliessend, so wie Zehenglieder, welche ebenfalls breit und hohl waren...; es wäre diess der älteste bis jetzt aufgefundene Pachypode." yet found.] 9896: 8670: 7420: 6540: 7414: 8686: 5568: 2181:, swallowed gastroliths to digest food because of their relatively limited ability to deal with food orally has been refuted by a study on gastrolith abundance, weight, and surface structure in fossils compared to alligators and ostriches by Oliver Wings. The use of gastroliths for digestion seems to have developed on the line from basal theropods to birds, with a parallel development in 3472: 2281:

27 years and still growing; most individuals were between 12 and 20 years old. However, some may well have lived much longer, because the fossils from Frick and Trossingen are all animals that died in accidents, and not from old age. Due to the absence of individuals smaller than 4.8 metres (16 ft) long, it is not possible to deduce a complete

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followed a trajectory similar to sauropods, but with a varied growth rate and final size as seen in extant reptiles, probably in response to environmental factors such as food availability. Some individuals were fully grown at only 4.8 metres' (16 ft) total length, while others reached 10 metres

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finds, Fraas suggested that only miring in mud allowed the preservation of the single complete skeleton then known. Similarly, Jaekel interpreted the Halberstadt finds as animals that waded too deep into swamps, became mired and drowned. He interpreted partial remains as having been transported into

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Nomenclator Zoologicus, continens nomina systernatica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis auctoribus, libris in quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis, etymologia et familiis, ad quas pertinent, in sirigulis classibus (1842–1846). Fasciculus

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Long-bone histology also allows estimating the age a specific individual reached. Sander and Klein found that some individuals were fully grown at 12 years of age, others were still slowly growing at 20 years, and one individual was still growing rapidly at 18 years. The oldest individual found was

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The ribs were connected to the dorsal (trunk) vertebrae with two joints, acting together as a simple hinge joint, which has allowed researchers to reconstruct the inhaled and exhaled positions of the ribcage. The difference in volume between these two positions defines the air exchange volume (the

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showed strong developmental plasticity: instead of having a fairly uniform adult size, fully grown individuals were between 4.8 and 10 metres (16 and 33 ft) long and weighed between 600 and 4,000 kilograms (1,300 and 8,800 lb). Commonly, the animals lived for at least 12 to 20 years, but

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was present in both localities. Jaekel also believed that the Halberstadt material included several plateosaurid dinosaurs, as well as non-plateosaurid prosauropods. Systematic research by Galton drastically reduced the number of genera and species. Galton synonymised all cranial material, and

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to large modern land mammals, but did not describe any important features that fit the terms "flat" or "shaped like an oar." Researcher Ben Creisler therefore concluded that "broad lizard" is the most suitable translation, and possibly was intended to emphasise the giant size of the animal, in

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formally named Dinosauria in 1842, it was not one of the three genera used by Owen to define the group, because at the time, it was poorly known and difficult to identify as a dinosaur. It is now among the dinosaurs best known to science: over 100 skeletons have been found, some of them nearly

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was an obligate (i.e. unable to walk in any other way) biped. Further indicators for a purely bipedal mode of locomotion are the great difference in limb length (the hind limb is roughly twice as long as the forelimb), the very limited motion range of the forelimb, and the fact that the

961:, and will belong to the second division of my Saurian system." Von Meyer later gave the formal name Pachypodes or Pachypoda ("thick feet") to his second division of "Saurians with Limbs Similar to Heavy Land Mammalia", but the group was a synonym of Richard Owen's Dinosauria from 1842. 3208:

Jenkins, F.A. Jr.; Shubin, N.H.; Amaral, W.W.; Gatesy, S.M.; Schaff, C.R.; Clemmensen, L.B.; Downs, W.R.; Davidson, A.R.; Bonde, N.; Osbaeck, F. (1994). "Late Triassic continental vertebrates and depositional environments of the Fleming Fjord Formation, Jameson Land, East Greenland".

787:. The type locality is not known for certain, but Moser attempted to infer it from previous publications and the colour and preservation of the bones. He concluded that the material probably stems from the "Buchenbühl", roughly two kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Heroldsberg. 3395:

Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, continens nomina systernatica classium, ordinum, familiarurn et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis, plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et

2456:, is the only one explaining all taphonomic data. The degree of completeness of the carcasses was not influenced by transport, which is obvious from the lack of indications for transport before burial, but rather by how much the dead animals were scavenged. Juveniles of 2452:, Germany, found that the mud-miring hypothesis first suggested by Fraas is true: animals above a certain body weight sank into the mud, which was further liquefied by their attempts to free themselves. Sander's scenario, similar to that proposed for the famous Rancho 1988:

with erect hind limbs for the animals he excavated at Trossingen, with the backbone held at a steep angle (at least during rapid locomotion). In contrast, Jaekel, the main investigator of the Halberstadt material, initially concluded that the animals walked

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were not trapped due to their lower body weights, combined with proportionally larger feet. There is no indication of herding, or of catastrophic burial of such a herd, or catastrophic accumulation of animals that previously died isolated elsewhere.

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could deliver a powerful bite. These features suggest that it fed primarily to exclusively on plants. Its eyes were directed to the sides, rather than the front, providing all-round vision to watch for predators. Some fossil skeletons have preserved

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has no skull, and the other specimens consist of skulls and material that overlaps too little with the holotype to make it certain that it belongs to the same taxon. It is therefore possible that the known material contains more species belonging to

707:(SMNS)) burnt to the ground after an Allied bombing raid. Luckily, however, a 2011 study by SMNS curator Rainer Schoch found that, at least from the finds of Seemann's 1932 excavation, "the scientifically most valuable material is still available". 745:

for oil exploration when they stumbled on a fossil they believed to be plant material. The drill core containing the fossil was extracted from 2,256 m (7,402 ft) below the seafloor. Martin Sander and Nicole Klein, palaeontologists of the

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with a small skull on a long, flexible neck, sharp but plump plant-crushing teeth, powerful hind limbs, short but muscular arms and grasping hands with large claws on three fingers, possibly used for defence and feeding. Unusually for a dinosaur,

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Bonaparte, J.F. (1971). "Los tetrápodos del sector superior de la Formación Los Colorados, La Rioja, Argentina (Triásico Superior)" [The tetrapods of the upper part of the Los Colorados Formation, La Rioja, Argentina (Upper Triassic)].

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suggesting that the skeletons from the lower layers stemmed from a herd that died catastrophically in a mudflow, while those in the upper layers accumulated over time. Weishampel explained the curious monospecific assemblage by theorising that

2440:, and has since become the standard explanation on most internet sites and in popular books on dinosaurs. Rieber proposed a more elaborate scenario, which included the animals dying of thirst or starvation, and being concentrated by mudflows. 2363:

sites—Trossingen, Halberstadt and Frick—is unusual in several ways. All three sites are nearly monospecific assemblages, meaning that they contain practically only one species, which requires very special circumstances. However, shed teeth of

1973:("Skelett 2") at the museum of the Institute for Geosciences of the Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany. The shape of the radius dictates that the hand could not be pronated (turned palm down), and thus not play a role in locomotion. 3613: 663:, collection number F 33 of the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany, in dorsal view. The skeleton was kept in articulation as found at Trossingen by Seemann in 1933. It has the typical folded hind limbs of most 2420:. He argued that the completeness of many finds indicated that transport did not happen, and saw partial individuals and isolated bones as results of weathering and trampling. Seemann developed a different scenario, in which 1250:

that has been taken apart during preparation and is thus available as separate bones, was described anew in 2011. The authors of that publication, palaeontologists Albert Prieto-Márquez and Mark A. Norell, refer the skull to

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Huene, F. von (1928). "Lebensbild des Saurischier-Vorkommens im obersten Keuper von Trossingen in Württemberg" [Pictures of the life of the Saurischia present in the upper-most Keuper of Trossingen in Württemberg].

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have turned out to be junior synonyms of the type species or invalid names. Von Huene practically erected a new species and sometimes a new genus for each relatively complete find from Trossingen (three species of

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rests squarely over the hind limbs. A recent study based on the cross-sectional geometry of long limb bones, comparisons with extant taxa and inference models also confirmed a bipedal posture and erect stance for

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were common during this period. This theory was erroneously attributed to Seemann in a popular account of the plateosaurs in the collection of the Institute and Museum for Geology and Palaeontology,

2158:; this results in a cutting edge similar to those of extant herbivorous or omnivorous reptiles. Paul Barrett proposed that prosauropods supplemented their mostly herbivorous diets with small prey or 1393:(lower jaw). The thick, leaf-shaped, bluntly serrated tooth crowns were suitable for crushing plant material. The low position of the jaw joint gave the chewing muscles great leverage, so that 5028:

Wellnhofer, P. (1994). "Prosauropod dinosaurs from the Feuerletten (Middle Norian) of Ellingen near Weissenburg in Bavaria. In "Second Georges Cuvier Symposium, Montbeliard (France)", 1992".

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Important cranial characteristics (such as jaw articulation) of most "prosauropods" are closer to those of herbivorous reptiles than those of carnivorous ones, and the shape of the tooth

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with illustrations, but again gave no details on the etymology. He repeatedly referred to its gigantic size ("Riesensaurus" = giant lizard) and massive limbs ("schwerfüssig"), comparing

1461:. Adults of this species reached 4.8 to 10 metres (16 to 33 ft) in length, and ranged in mass from 600 to 4,000 kilograms (1,300 to 8,800 lb). The geologically older species, 2269:

apparently represents an early stage in the development of endothermy, in which endothermy was decoupled from developmental plasticity. This hypothesis is based on a detailed study of

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Leal, L.A.; Azevedo, S.A.K.; Kellner, A.W.A.; Da Rosa, A.A.S. (2004). "A new early dinosaur (Sauropodomorpha) from the Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic), Paraná Basin, Brazil".

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in quadrupedal posture. The shoulder girdle is in an anatomically infeasible position, the elbow is disarticulated, and the ribcage has the wrong shape, wide instead of high oval.

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From 1980 on, a better understanding of dinosaur biomechanics, and studies by palaeontologists Andreas Christian and Holger Preuschoft on the resistance to bending of the back of

1434:(air sacs of the lung invading the bones to reduce weight) can be found on the bones of only a few individuals, and were only recognised in 2010. Combined with evidence from bone 1328:(collar bones) touching at the body's midline, as in other basal sauropodomorphs. The hind limbs were held under the body, with slightly flexed knees and ankles, and the foot was 3758:

Huene, F. von (1932). "Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte" [The fossil order of reptiles Saurischia, their development and history].

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Weishampel, D.B.; Barrett, P.M.; Coria, R.A.; Loeuff, J.L.; Xing, X.; Xijin, Z.; Sahni, A.; Gomani, E.M.P.; Noto, C. (2004). Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.).

2210:, Germany. Anatomically, this mount created under the direction of Friedrich von Huene is one of the best in the world, epitomising the agile, bipedal and digitigrade view of 3081:

Huene, F. von (1926). "Vollständige Osteologie eines Plateosauriden aus dem schwäbischen Keuper" [Complete osteology of a plateosaurid from the Swabian Keuper].

5107:"Locomotor and postural diversity among reptiles viewed through the prism of femoral microanatomy: Palaeobiological implications for some Permian and Mesozoic taxa" 2009:

Gustav Tornier, who interpreted the shape of the articulation surfaces in the hip and shoulder as typically reptilian. Fraas, the first excavator of the Trossingen

679:, was worked repeatedly in the 20th century. Between 1911 and 1932, excavations during six field seasons led by German palaeontologists Eberhard Fraas (1911–1912), 10295: 4190:

Frappell, P.B.; Hinds, D.S.; Boggs, D.F. (2001). "Scaling of respiratory variables and the breathing pattern in birds: an allometric and phylogenetic approach".

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individual estimated to have weighed 690 kg, or 29 mL/kg bodyweight. This is a typical value for birds, but not for mammals, and indicates that

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Paul, G.S. (1997). "Dinosaur models: the good, the bad, and using them to estimate the mass of dinosaurs". In Wolberg, D.L.; Stump, E.; Rosenberg, G. (eds.).

2028:, led to widespread acceptance of an erect, digitigrade limb posture and a roughly horizontal position of the back. Many researchers were of the opinion that 926:– "broad, flat, broad-shouldered"), creating an invalid junior synonym. Later authors often referred to this derivation, and the secondary meaning "flat" of 2424:

herds congregated on large water holes, and some herd members got pushed in. Light animals managed to get free, while heavy individuals got stuck and died.

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long-bone histology conducted by Martin Sander and Nicole Klein of the University of Bonn. A further indication for endothermy is the avian-style lung of

1577:". Reevaluation of "prosauropods" in light of the new methods of analysis led to the reduction of Plateosauridae. For many years the clade only included 1079:

may be a metataxon, which means that there is neither evidence that the material assigned to it is monophyletic (belongs to one species), nor that it is

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skeletons in a clay pit of the Tonwerke Keller AG in Frick, Switzerland, were first noticed in 1976. While the bones are often significantly deformed by

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is not entirely clear, as the original description contains no information and various authors have offered differing interpretations. German geologist

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and other taxa of herbivores were too light to sink into the mud or managed to extract themselves, and were thus not preserved. Similarly, scavenging

3664:"Case 3560 Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha): proposed replacement of unidentifiable name-bearing type by a neotype" 3393: 3191: 4749:

Jaekel, O. (1910). "Die Fussstellung und Lebensweise der grossen Dinosaurier" [The foot posture and mode of life of the large dinosaurs].

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On the fauna of ancient times. Second Part. The saurians of the Muschelkalk, with reference to the saurians from the colored Sandstone and Keuper.

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Seemann, R. (1933). "Das Saurierlager in den Keupermergeln bei Trossingen" [The sauria lagerstätte in the Keuper marls near Trossingen].

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Christian, Andreas; Preuschoft, Holger (1996). "Deducing the body posture of extinct large vertebrates from the shape of the vertebral column".

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insisted that the tail curved strongly downward, making a bipedal posture impossible. However, Moser showed that the tail was in fact straight.

4288: 1018:. Moser performed the most extensive and detailed investigation of all plateosaurid material from Germany and Switzerland, concluding that all 1320:

were very short, even compared to most other "prosauropods". However, they were strongly built, with hands adapted for powerful grasping. The

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included "roughly 45 bone fragments", of which nearly half are lost. The remaining material is kept in the Institute for Palaeontology of the

602:) and France. Three localities are of special importance, because they yielded specimens in large numbers and of unusually good quality: near 5590: 3796:

from the Knollenmergel (Middle Keuper, Upper Triassic) of Germany. I. Two complete skulls from Trossingen/Württ. With comments on the diet".

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holotype is diagnostic (i.e., has enough characters to be distinct from other material), it is the correct name for the material assigned to

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localities. Red = likely type locality Heroldsberg, black = important sites with many and well-preserved specimens. Other localities in blue.

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supposedly lacked, concluding that the lizard-like reconstructions were correct. However, most of these adaptations are actually present in

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is "long and confusing" and a "chaotic tangle of names". As of 2019, only three species are universally accepted as valid: the type species

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at all. Some of this material is not diagnostic; other material has been recognised to be different, but was never sufficiently described.

409: 5507:"Paleobiological implications of chevron pathology in the sauropodomorph Plateosaurus trossingensis from the Upper Triassic of SW Germany" 4016:

II: an assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount"

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in 3D: How CAD Models and Kinetic–Dynamic Modeling Bring an Extinct Animal to Life". In Klein, N.; Remes, K.; Gee, C.; Sander M. (eds.).

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Zur Fauna der Vorwelt. Zweite Abtheilung. Die Saurier des Muschelkalks, mit Rücksicht auf die Saurier aus dem bunten Sandstein und Keuper

750:, analysed the bone microstructure and concluded that the rock preserved fibrous bone tissue from a fragment of a limb bone belonging to 10255: 532:(how the animals became embedded and fossilised), biomechanics (how their skeletons worked), and palaeobiology (life circumstances) of 520:

was for a long time one of the most misunderstood dinosaurs. Some researchers proposed theories that were later shown to conflict with

5636: 2048: 799: 704: 1569:), Plateosauridae was defined loosely, as large, broad-footed, broad-handed forms with relatively heavy skulls, unlike the smaller " 1365:

is small and narrow, rectangular in side view, and nearly three times as long as it is high. There is an almost rectangular lateral

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Barrett, Paul M. (2000). "Prosauropod dinosaurs and iguanas: Speculations on the diets of extinct reptiles". In Sues, H.-D. (ed.).

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from the Knollenmergel (Middle Keuper, Upper Triassic) of Germany. II. All the cranial material and details of soft-part anatomy".

3148:"Tracing Seemann's dinosaur excavation in the Upper Triassic of Trossingen: his field notes and the present status of the material" 17: 4373:

von Meyer, 1837 from the Norian bonebeds of Trossingen (Germany) and Frick (Switzerland)". In Barrett, P.M.; Batten, D.J. (eds.).

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in Berlin, where much of it was destroyed during World War II. The Halberstadt quarry today is covered by a housing development.

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in 1870): "The bones belong to a gigantic Saurian, which, in virtue of the mass and hollowness of its limb-bones, is allied to

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Wedel, M.J. (2007). "What pneumaticity tells us about 'prosauropods', and vice versa". In Barrett, P.M.; Batten, D.J. (eds.).

942:, but the teeth and other flat bones such as the pubic bones and some skull elements were unknown at the time of description. 5204: 5089: 5060: 5009: 4981: 4953: 4709: 4382: 4242: 3943: 3553: 5657: 2416:, with the weakest animals, mostly subadults, succumbing to the harsh conditions in the desert and sinking into the mud of 2412:

the deposit by water, and strongly refuted a catastrophic accumulation. In contrast, von Huene interpreted the sediment as

1162:). Later, he merged several of these species, but remained convinced that more than one genus and more than one species of 2261:(33 ft). However, the bone microstructure indicates rapid growth, as in sauropods and extant mammals, which suggests 2131:

must have increased speed by using higher stride frequencies, created by rapid and powerful limb retraction. Reliance on

2013:, also favoured a reptilian posture. Müller-Stoll listed a number of characters required for an erect limb posture that 10235: 3570: 3443: 703:). Much of the Trossingen material was destroyed in 1944, when the Naturaliensammlung in Stuttgart (predecessor to the 5505:

Schaeffer, Joep; Wolff, Ewan; Witzmann, Florian; Ferreira, Gabriel S.; Schoch, Rainer R.; Mujal, Eudald (2024-07-31).

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Christian, Andreas; Koberg, Dorothee; Preuschoft, Holger (1996). "Shape of the pelvis and posture of the hindlimbs in

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Galton, Peter M. (1990). "Basal Sauropodomorpha-Prosauropoda". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.).

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had the typical body shape of a herbivorous bipedal dinosaur: a small skull, a long and flexible neck composed of 10

568: 470: 265: 4453:"Dispersal and diversity in the earliest North American sauropodomorph dinosaurs, with a description of a new taxon" 3873:

Meyer, 1837 (Upper Triassic, Germany), with notes on other European prosauropods with "distally straight" femora".

3282:"Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany" 2154:. The maximum width of the crown was greater than that of the root for the teeth of most "prosauropods", including 776: 2859: 1637:

for basal sauropodomorphs. Some researchers do not agree that plateosaurs were the direct ancestors of sauropods.

683:(1921–23), and finally Reinhold Seemann (1932) revealed a total of 35 complete or partially complete skeletons of 10270: 10116: 6544: 2203:

GPIT/RE/7288, a nearly complete individual from Trossingen at the museum of the Institute for Geosciences of the

1047: 6551: 6533: 5602: 5248:"No gastric mill in sauropod dinosaurs: new evidence from analysis of gastrolith mass and function in ostriches" 4173:

I: body mass, mass distribution and posture assessed using CAD and CAE on a digitally mounted complete skeleton"

4064: 3614:"Opinion 2435 (Case 3560) – Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha): new type species designated" 1966: 4936:

Galton, Peter M.; Upchurch, Paul (2004). "Prosauropoda". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.).

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Huene, F. von (1926). "On several known and unknown reptiles of the order Saurischia from England and France".

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Creisler, Benjamin S. (2007). "Deciphering Duckbills: A History in Nomenclature". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.).

2135: 1515:, being some kind of reptile, but not in any more narrowly defined taxon. In 1845, von Meyer created the group 458:

are also known. However, others have been assigned in the past, and there is no broad consensus on the species

7945: 2395:, collection number MSF 23 of the Sauriermuseum Frick, Switzerland, in dorsal view. This is the most complete 10285: 5629: 5572: 5336:

Schmitz, L.; Motani, R. (2011). "Nocturnality in dinosaurs inferred from scleral ring and orbit morphology".

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is supposed to have been intended as a reference to flat bones, for example the laterally flattened teeth of

4729:[The dinosaurs of the European Triassic Formation, with consideration of non-European occurrences]. 536:

have been re-studied in detail, altering the interpretation of the animal's biology, posture and behaviour.

3329: 3009: 2231: 4727:"Die Dinosaurier der europäischen Triasformation mit Berücksichtigung der aussereuropäischen Vorkommnisse" 4647: 2824:

Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Mittelkeuper; Obertrias) of Bavaria].

687:, as well as fragmentary remains of approximately 70 more individuals. The large number of specimens from 10260: 3237: 2978:

Weishampel, D.B. (1984). "Trossingen: E. Fraas, F. von Huene, R. Seemann, and the "Schwäbische Lindwurm"

1381:(nostril) are of almost equal size. The jaws carried many small, leaf-shaped, socketed teeth: 5 to 6 per 477:

was the fifth named dinosaur genus that is still considered valid. Although it had been described before

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Sander, M.; Klein, N. (2005). "Developmental plasticity in the life history of a prosauropod dinosaur".

3973: 10275: 10245: 5222:"A review of gastrolith function with implications for fossil vertebrates and a revised classification" 4400:"A revision of the problematic sauropodomorph dinosaurs from Manchester, Connecticut and the status of 2071:

its hands. The pronated position in some museum mounts had been achieved by exchanging the position of

2068: 10280: 9912: 9906: 5084:. Life of the Past (series ed. Farlow, J.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 219–236. 3176: 3147: 2376:, but is preserved in a similar position. All sites yielded almost complete and partial skeletons of 4769: 3503: 2437: 2204: 142: 10265: 9949: 5724: 5622: 2818:

Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) aus dem Feuerletten (Mittelkeuper; Obertrias) von Bayern"

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evidence, but have become the paradigm of public opinion. Since 1980 the taxonomy (relationships),

7950: 5196: 2372:. Additionally, a partial "prosauropod" skeleton was found in Halberstadt that does not belong to 2177:

stones) in the stomach area. The old, widely cited idea that all large dinosaurs, implicitly also

825: 650: 5055:. Special Papers in Palaeontology. Vol. 77. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 139–155. 4377:. Special Papers in Palaeontology. Vol. 77. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 169–206. 4259: 4237:. Special Papers in Palaeontology. Vol. 77. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 207–222. 2227: 2119:

muscles are short, especially in the ankle, where a distinct, moment arm-increasing tuber on the

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could use both quadrupedal gaits (for slow speeds) and bipedal gaits (for rapid locomotion), and

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Gônet, Jordan; Bardin, Jérémie; Girondot, Marc; Hutchinson, John R.; Laurin, Michel (May 2023).

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p. 13 in Moser (2003), see also pp. 17 and pp. 36–40, English summary on pp. 160–161 and 163–164

2328: 1030:. However, this is problematic due to the undiagnostic state of the lectotype. Moser considered 869: 691:

had already caused German palaeontologist Friedrich August von Quenstedt to nickname the animal

10250: 10210: 10143: 10074: 10008: 9970: 7419: 7407: 7399: 5584: 4945: 3935: 3907:

Meyer, 1837 (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha; Upper Triassic). II. Notes on the referred species".

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Vollrath, A. (1959). "Schichtenfolge (Stratigraphie)" [Layer sequence (stratigraphy)].

889: 10048: 4704:. Special Papers in Palaeontology. Vol. 77. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 9–55. 2826:

Zitteliana Reihe B: Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie

10205: 10197: 10138: 10069: 9939: 9901: 9630: 5912: 3593: 2103:

adaptations, including an erect hind limb posture, a relatively long lower leg, an elongated

1998: 1546: 1431: 417: 10061: 9895: 8669: 7413: 5188: 4937: 3927: 779:, Germany. From these bones, German palaeontologist Markus Moser in 2003 selected a partial 10017: 8685: 6539: 5400: 5345: 5308: 5153: 4809: 4415: 4327: 4122: 4047:

Yates, A.M.; Vasconcelos, C.C. (2005). "Furcula-like clavicles in the prosauropod dinosaur

3293: 2939: 2340: 1355: 1275: 1203:. Furthermore, a variety of species in other genera were created for material belonging to 840: 829: 814: 138: 5144:

Gatesy, S.M. (1990). "Caudofemoral musculature and the evolution of theropod locomotion".

2427:

A different school of thought developed almost half a century later, with palaeontologist

615: 556:

In 1834, physician Johann Friedrich Engelhardt discovered some vertebrae and leg bones at

8: 6615: 5389:"Taphonomy, deposition and pedogenesis in the Upper Triassic dinosaur beds of Trossingen" 5189: 3473:

On the Classification of the Dinosauria, with observations on the Dinosauria of the Trias

2428: 2249: 1374: 950: 865: 680: 5541: 5506: 5404: 5349: 5312: 5157: 4843:

Fraas, Eberhard (1912). "Die schwäbischen Dinosaurier" [The Swabian dinosaurs].

4813: 4419: 4331: 4126: 3297: 2943: 1581:

and various junior synonyms, but later two more genera were considered to belong to it:

442:, but it was ruled as undiagnostic (i.e. indistinguishable from other dinosaurs) by the 9670: 6742: 5424: 5369: 5272: 5247: 5169: 4825: 4668: 4477: 4452: 4433: 4369:

Klein, N.; Sander, P.M. (2007). "Bone histology and growth of the prosauropod dinosaur

4351: 4280: 4215: 4138: 4084: 4076: 3735: 3691: 3641: 3311: 3029: 2449: 1520: 1309: 747: 463: 459: 351: 153: 5490:

Rieber, H. (1985). "Der Plateosaurier von Frick" [The plateosaur from Frick].

5191:

Evolution of Herbivory in Terrestrial Vertebrates: Perspectives from the Fossil Record

4260:"The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs" 4168: 3484: 2055:

The bipedal-quadrupedal consensus was changed by a detailed study of the forelimbs of

1418:

amount of air moved with each breath), determined to be approximately 20 L for a

544: 10192: 10056: 9806: 9347: 8094: 7735: 7464: 6652: 5546: 5528: 5428: 5416: 5361: 5277: 5200: 5126: 5085: 5056: 5005: 4977: 4949: 4938: 4705: 4482: 4437: 4428: 4399: 4378: 4343: 4238: 4207: 4142: 4068: 3939: 3928: 3886: 3683: 3645: 3633: 3549: 3419: 3306: 3281: 3207: 3033: 2951: 2833: 2469: 2413: 469:

Discovered in 1834 by Johann Friedrich Engelhardt and described three years later by

5373: 5221: 5173: 4829: 4355: 4284: 4219: 4108: 4088: 3925: 3739: 3695: 3315: 1557:" by von Huene, a placement that was accepted by most authors. Before the advent of 884:

in Ancient Greek. In the same year, Agassiz proposed that the name derives from the

9677: 9522: 9462: 9104: 8996: 8902: 8793: 8595: 8575: 8514: 7633: 7486: 7333: 7050: 7004: 6984: 6928: 6231: 6008: 5988: 5536: 5518: 5408: 5353: 5316: 5267: 5259: 5161: 5118: 5002:

Dinofest International: Proceedings of a Symposium held at Arizona State University

4817: 4678: 4563: 4536: 4472: 4464: 4423: 4335: 4270: 4199: 4130: 4060: 4027: 3882: 3727: 3675: 3625: 3480: 3301: 3218: 3021: 2947: 2473: 2453: 2104: 2039: 2033: 1785: 1574: 1366: 1313: 906: 845: 730: 405: 3222: 3126: 2448:

A detailed re-assessment of the taphonomy by palaeontologist Martin Sander of the

2242:), and is called "developmental plasticity". (Note that is not the same as neural 1469:), was somewhat smaller, with a total length of 4 to 5 metres (13 to 16 ft). 945:

Von Meyer's original short description from 1837 did not provide an etymology for

10170: 10101: 9944: 9814: 9547: 9440: 9136: 9116: 9097: 9055: 8982: 8968: 8851: 8602: 8522: 8169: 7705: 7696: 7557: 7549: 7476: 7236: 7114: 6935: 6791: 6622: 6351: 6344: 6336: 6323: 6240: 5786: 5773: 5736: 5709: 5684: 5645: 5523: 5321: 5296: 4726: 4700:

Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria)". In Barrett, P.M.; Batten, D.J. (eds.).

1886: 1495: 1370: 1321: 738: 595: 421: 232: 5301:

Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe

3571:"Plateosaurus, Gresslyosaurus, and the Swabian Dragon–with a Picture and a Song" 1255:, a species erected in 1905 by Friedrich von Huene and regarded as a synonym of 9821: 9736: 9618: 9563: 9513: 9325: 9318: 9264: 9236: 9191: 9164: 9039: 9004: 8946: 8873: 8786: 8550: 8429: 8401: 8380: 8365: 8287: 8260: 8078: 8062: 8028: 7871: 7670: 7542: 7368: 7107: 7086: 7035: 7027: 6879: 6872: 6779: 6678: 6666: 6474: 6446: 6283: 6254: 6247: 6193: 6107: 6093: 6077: 6052: 5882: 5043:

Bonnan, Matthew; Senter, Phil (2007). "Were the basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs

2293: 2183: 2132: 2085: 2060: 1990: 1825: 1800: 1657: 1554: 1504: 1485: 1399: 1332:, meaning the animal walked on its toes. The proportionally long lower leg and 1050:

cast further doubt on the generic separation. He included the type material of

395: 245: 5412: 5165: 4567: 3418:]. Freiburg: Geologisches Landesamt in Baden-Württemberg. pp. 27–89. 3363:] (in German). Dresden and Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung. p. 813. 2010: 1503:

was the first "prosauropod" to be described, and gives its name to the family

828:

in Berlin. Its type locality is Halberstadt, located in Saxony-Anhalt and the

10229: 9993: 9864: 9849: 9828: 9744: 9704: 9692: 9662: 9611: 9583: 9556: 9477: 9454: 9402: 9333: 9257: 9223: 9212: 9150: 9069: 9032: 9011: 8961: 8939: 8931: 8924: 8917: 8858: 8823: 8800: 8742: 8609: 8588: 8456: 8447: 8436: 8415: 8394: 8372: 8315: 8192: 8129: 8013: 7836: 7812: 7778: 7749: 7742: 7721: 7656: 7649: 7642: 7607: 7598: 7535: 7527: 7520: 7450: 7437: 7354: 7278: 7221: 7200: 7149: 7142: 7135: 7128: 7121: 7078: 7057: 6976: 6953: 6800: 6757: 6659: 6636: 6608: 6439: 6432: 6380: 6276: 6213: 6204: 6086: 5960: 5928: 5896: 5857: 5839: 5818: 5532: 5420: 5130: 4682: 4072: 3720:(Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Trossingen (Germany)" 3687: 3637: 2400: 2301: 2147: 2072: 1843: 1755: 1723: 1630: 885: 637: 631: 607: 599: 83: 41: 5388: 5357: 4540: 4339: 3578: 3451: 3423: 3174: 2837: 1962: 1492:

group (thus given in quotation marks), and most researchers prefer the term

9872: 9842: 9835: 9772: 9713: 9639: 9571: 9529: 9498: 9484: 9469: 9447: 9431: 9365: 9354: 9305: 9286: 9279: 9157: 9143: 9129: 9083: 9076: 9047: 9018: 8954: 8895: 8837: 8830: 8779: 8772: 8735: 8717: 8704: 8632: 8616: 8557: 8543: 8507: 8500: 8486: 8464: 8358: 8350: 8343: 8322: 8294: 8242: 8228: 8214: 8199: 8150: 8071: 8043: 8036: 7855: 7844: 7821: 7803: 7728: 7714: 7621: 7578: 7571: 7513: 7506: 7269: 7184: 6992: 6942: 6914: 6907: 6886: 6858: 6844: 6764: 6708: 6687: 6373: 6261: 6165: 6121: 6066: 6038: 5999: 5825: 5550: 5365: 5281: 5263: 4486: 4468: 4347: 4211: 3679: 3012:[About the vertebrate finds in the Upper Triassic of Halberstadt]. 2986:(Reif, W.-E.; Westphal, F. ed.). Tübingen: ATTEMPTO. pp. 249–253. 2417: 2368:

have been found at all three sites, as well as remains of the early turtle

2347:

thus lived probably between approximately 227 and 208.5 million years ago.

2262: 2223: 1645: 1602: 1541: 1535: 1450: 1294: 980:

based to two public lectures. In the book on page 44, he briefly described

726: 676: 565: 525: 478: 429: 425: 274: 5297:"Life history of Tendaguru sauropods as inferred from long-bone histology" 4976:(1 ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 320–344. 4275: 4032: 4011: 3629: 2312: 2304:, active throughout the day and night, possibly avoiding the midday heat. 1114: 10110: 10002: 9857: 9765: 9751: 9647: 9536: 9491: 9388: 9381: 9374: 9340: 9272: 9250: 9171: 9062: 8757: 8564: 8529: 8422: 8387: 8329: 8308: 8301: 8273: 8206: 8178: 8143: 8136: 8122: 8021: 8006: 7907: 7829: 7792: 7663: 7614: 7375: 7251: 7214: 7207: 7176: 7160: 7100: 7064: 7042: 6962: 6921: 6865: 6837: 6823: 6771: 6724: 6644: 6629: 6601: 6467: 6425: 6411: 6391: 6365: 6311: 6304: 6220: 6186: 6172: 6015: 5953: 5889: 5866: 5832: 5804: 3846:) (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Upper Triassic of Switzerland". 3600:

On the Reptiles and Mammals from the Different Time Periods of the Earth.

3416:

Explanations on the geological map of Stuttgart and surroundings 1:50 000

2195: 1994: 1982: 1902: 1738: 1570: 1347: 1329: 1072:. In 1926, von Huene had already concluded the two genera were the same. 849: 795: 646: 603: 557: 516:

Despite the great quantity and excellent quality of the fossil material,

137:(GPIT "Skelett 2"), consisting of two individual specimens from the 125: 58: 4506:

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde

3508:

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde

3412:

Erläuterungen zur geologischen Karte von Stuttgart und Umgebung 1:50 000

2813: 2207: 1324:

was narrow (often misaligned in skeletal mounts and drawings), with the

802:, Germany, and the type locality is Heslach, a suburb of the same city. 656: 145: 10184: 10130: 10035: 9758: 9685: 9654: 9416: 9243: 9090: 9025: 8989: 8975: 8910: 8881: 8844: 8807: 8750: 8336: 8280: 8235: 8185: 8157: 8115: 8051: 7999: 7981: 7968: 7892: 7885: 7878: 7864: 7771: 7764: 7757: 7677: 7589: 7564: 7294: 7244: 7228: 7192: 7093: 6969: 6893: 6807: 6750: 6701: 6453: 6269: 6158: 6022: 5981: 5946: 5675: 4862:

Müller-Stoll, H. (1935). "Studie zur biologischen Anatomie der Gattung

4821: 4696:

Yates, A.M. (2007). "The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur

4134: 4080: 3488: 3025: 2235: 2226:

mammals and birds. In the closely related sauropods with their typical

2170: 1985: 1672: 1587: 1558: 1508: 1382: 1333: 1083:(belongs to several species). This is the case because the holotype of 622:

in Saxony-Anhalt revealed between 39 and 50 skeletons that belonged to

611: 501: 216: 103: 68: 5122: 3815:

Galton, Peter M. (1985). "Cranial anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur

3792:

Galton, Peter M. (1984). "Cranial anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur

3175:

Hurum, J.H.; Bergan, M.; Müller, R.; Nystuen, J.P.; Klein, N. (2006).

1511:. Initially, when the genus was poorly known, it was only included in 872:, breit)" as the origin of the name, with von Meyer's Latin spelling 9721: 9603: 9409: 8888: 8866: 8815: 8536: 8493: 8479: 8221: 7914: 7900: 7785: 7499: 7347: 7340: 7071: 7020: 6583: 6570: 6485: 6460: 6418: 6297: 6137: 5904: 5846: 5609: 5597: 4872:

Verhandlungen des Naturhistorisch-Medizinischen Vereins zu Heidelberg

3975:

Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die fossilen und lebenden Formen

3595:

Ueber Die Reptilien und Säugethiere Der Verschiedenen Zeiten Der Erde

2461: 2388: 2365: 2356: 2239: 2127:

probably did not use gaits with aerial, unsupported phases. Instead,

2120: 2100: 1712: 1634: 1562: 1550: 1529: 1489: 1481: 1443: 1435: 1427: 1405: 1080: 978:

Ueber Die Reptilien und Säugethiere Der Verschiedenen Zeiten Der Erde

857: 754:, making it the first dinosaur found in Norway. Material referred to 742: 734: 715: 561: 529: 504: 170: 108: 52: 9964: 5106: 4891: 4845:

Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg

4797: 4524: 4189: 3715: 3242:

Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-medicinischen Societät in Erlangen

618:, Germany; and Frick. Between the 1910s and 1930s, excavations in a 10164: 10095: 9987: 9729: 9395: 9205: 8408: 8249: 8108: 7361: 6851: 6694: 6404: 6179: 6151: 6059: 5974: 5967: 5874: 5811: 5693: 5669: 5579: 5082:

Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the life of giants

4774:

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, Monatsberichte

4751:

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, Monatsberichte

4203: 3731: 3602:] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: S. Schmerber. pp. 1–150. 2289:

or determine the growth rate of animals less than 10 years of age.

2282: 2005:-like hopping, a change of heart for which he was mocked by German 2002: 1516: 1390: 1325: 1246:

The skull of AMNH FARB 6810, the best-preserved skull of

1095:

Some scientists regard other species as valid as well, for example

1064: 934:

is often translated as "flat lizard". Often, claims were made that

696: 627: 619: 572: 491: 402: 398: 203: 190: 98: 93: 78: 73: 63: 5614: 5473:

Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde, Württemberg

4525:"On the affinities and classification of the dinosaurian reptiles" 4257: 3465: 2472:

of specimen SMNS 13200 have been hypothesized to be the result of

992: 590:

has been found at over 50 localities in Germany (mainly along the

8765: 7169: 7013: 6900: 6358: 5442: 4944:(2 ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 3713: 2174: 2159: 2006: 1386: 1312:, a stocky body, and a long, mobile tail composed of at least 40 1168: 784: 521: 113: 88: 10022: 4450: 3934:(2 ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 3533:] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: H. Keller. pp. 1–167. 1633:

simplified after Yates, 2007. This is only one of many proposed

722:

comparable in completeness and position to those of Trossingen.

9294: 8472: 6290: 5663: 5567: 5004:. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences. pp. 129–154. 4931: 4929: 4622:"Prosauropod dinosaurs (Reptilia: Saurischia) of North America" 2151: 2112: 2108: 2001:

the body. Only a year later, Jaekel instead favoured a clumsy,

1512: 1282:, that does not belong to the type species and possibly not to 1023: 780: 700: 688: 667:

finds. Unusually, the anterior body is not twisted to one side.

591: 483: 387: 180: 45: 5504: 5051:

habitual quadrupeds?". In Barrett, P.M.; Batten, D.J. (eds.).

4935: 4731:

Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Supplement-Band

3869:

Meyer, 1837 (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha). I: The syntypes of

3010:"Über die Wirbeltierfunde in der oberen Trias von Halberstadt" 2680:

Moser (2003), summarized on p. 152 (English summary on p. 179)

1981:

in the scientific literature at some point. Von Huene assumed

1614: 1046:

belong to the same species. Palaeontologist Adam Yates of the

462:

of plateosaurid dinosaurs. Similarly, there are a plethora of

5104: 5053:

Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs

4800:[The latest dinosaur finds in the Swabian Triassic]. 4702:

Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs

4375:

Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs

4235:

Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs

1566: 1378: 949:, but noted (as translated into English by British biologist 898: 583:

have been discovered at various locations throughout Europe.

391: 4926: 4046: 3919: 2734:

pp. 142–144 in Moser (2003) (English summary on pp. 176–177)

2300:

and modern birds and reptiles suggest that it may have been

2123:

is missing. This means that in contrast to running mammals,

1977:

Practically every imaginable posture has been suggested for

1344:

was typically dinosaurian, muscular and with high mobility.

9596: 6100: 5042: 4065:

10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0466:FCITPD]2.0.CO;2

3980:

The Vertebrates. An overview of the fossil and extant forms

3875:

Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen

2076: 764: 446:. Currently, there are three valid species; in addition to 443: 3709: 3707: 3705: 762:

of East Greenland, but they were given the new genus name

7258: 4798:"Die neuesten Dinosaurierfunde in der schwäbischen Trias" 3135:] (in German). Tübingen: H. Laupp'schen Buchhandlung. 2138:

instead of extension is typical for non-avian dinosaurs.

4913: 2599:

p. 296 in Agassiz (1846), cited on p. 13 in Moser (2003)

2107:

and a digitigrade foot posture. However, in contrast to

2079:

in the elbow. The lack of forelimb pronation meant that

141:, museum of the Institute for Geosciences (GPIT) of the 4967: 4965: 3702: 3399:(in Latin). Soloduri: Jent & Gassmann. p. 296. 2984:

Third Symposium on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Short Papers

2716:

pp. 138–142 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 176)

2590:

p. 34 in Agassiz (1844), cited on p. 13 in Moser (2003)

2150:

is similar to that of modern herbivorous or omnivorous

1561:

in paleontology during the 1980s, with its emphasis on

976:

Von Meyer had authored a popular audience book in 1852

964:

In 1855, von Meyer published a detailed description of

4585:

Young (gen. et sp. nov.) from Lufeng, Yunnan, China".

3381:(in Latin). Soloduri: Jent & Gassmann. p. 34. 2320:

and contemporary animals from the Trossingen Formation

626:, along with teeth and a small number of bones of the 579:. Since then, remains of well over 100 individuals of 9929: 5335: 5245: 4922:] (in German). Tübingen: ATTEMPTO. pp. 1–27. 4368: 3546:

Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs

3477:

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London

2554:

pp. 14–15 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 160)

2359:(burial and fossilisation process) of the three main 2047:. An example of the out-dated skeleton mounts in the 1274:, there is much prosauropod material from the German 1121:

skull and neck (MB 1927.19.1) previously assigned to

635:, and two skeletons and some fragments of the turtle 4962: 4866:" [Study on the biological anatomy of the genus 2407:

In the first published discussion of the Trossingen

2218:

Similar to all non-avian dinosaurs studied to date,

1026:

stems from the same species as the type material of

914:– "lizard"). Agassiz consequently renamed the genus 330: 317: 304: 281: 5241: 5239: 4652:

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft

4317: 3903:Galton, Peter M. (2001). "The prosauropod dinosaur 3865:Galton, Peter M. (2000). "The prosauropod dinosaur 3577:. University of Southern California. Archived from 3450:. University of Southern California. Archived from 3444:"Plateosaurus: the Etymology and Meaning of a Name" 649:in 1914. Most of the material found its way to the 9798: 5443:"International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2022/10" 5329: 5195:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 4724: 4650:[About the Triassic dinosaurs of Europe]. 3437: 3435: 3433: 3240:[Saurian finds in the Frankonian Keuper]. 2698:p. 152 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 179) 2689:p. 152 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 179) 2644:p. 152 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 179) 2500:Quenstedt (1858), cited on p. 255 in Sander (1992) 2253:Muscle reconstructions and pathologies of the tail 1430:-style flow-through lung, although indicators for 1191:are junior objective synonyms) to be identical to 1175:and the Trossingen material, which he referred to 641:. Some of the plateosaur material was assigned to 5098: 4887: 4885: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 2932:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2930:bonebeds of central Europe and their taphonomy". 2536:p. 13 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 161) 2527:p. 12 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 170) 2343:(upper Norian) and equivalently aged rock units. 1340:could run quickly on its hind limbs. The tail of 897:– "paddle", "rudder"; Agassiz translates this as 10227: 7325: 5236: 5186: 4971: 4861: 4619: 4269:. advance online (accepted manuscript): 85–100. 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3902: 3864: 3837: 3814: 3791: 3177:"A Late Triassic dinosaur bone, offshore Norway" 2977: 1993:, like lizards, with a sprawling limb position, 880:), the genitive case of the masculine adjective 10296:Taxa named by Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer 5466: 5464: 4909: 4907: 4842: 4795: 4599: 4444: 4258:Yates, A.M.; Wedel, M.J.; Bonnan, M.F. (2011). 4183: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 3838:Galton, Peter M. (1986). "Prosauropod dinosaur 3562: 3430: 3235: 3229: 3124: 3007: 5784: 5708: 5027: 4882: 4095: 3548:. Indiana University Press. pp. 185–210. 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2222:grew in a pattern that is unlike that of both 2190: 813:. Its type locality is Trossingen, within the 466:(invalid duplicate names) at the genus level. 412:, in what is now Central and Northern Europe. 390:", often mistranslated as "flat lizard") is a 5630: 5069: 4855: 4645: 4593: 4581:Young, C.C. (1941). "A complete osteology of 4553: 4499: 4451:Rowe, T.B.; Sues, H.-D.; Reisz, R.R. (2011). 4251: 4040: 3986: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3898: 3896: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3757: 3716:"Redescription of a nearly complete skull of 3591: 3537: 3524: 3501: 3495: 3352: 3275: 3104: 3083:Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen 3080: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2872:Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 2857: 2063:and Senter (2007), which clearly showed that 1402:(rings of bone plates that protect the eye). 1278:in museum collections, most of it labeled as 1022:and most other prosauropod material from the 809:is SMNS 132000, stored in the same museum as 7448: 5483: 5461: 5386: 5380: 5294: 5180: 5143: 5075: 5036: 5023: 5021: 4904: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4662: 4493: 4166: 4149: 4009: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3714:Prieto-Márquez, A.; Norell, Mark A. (2011). 3585: 3568: 3518: 3441: 3409: 3403: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3170: 3168: 3145: 3118: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2925: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 1068:for some material that had been assigned to 876:evidently derived from the stem of πλᾰτέος ( 8715: 5470: 5288: 5137: 4995: 4993: 4767: 4761: 4695: 4580: 4522: 4397: 4232: 3760:Monographien zur Geologie und Paläontologie 3391: 3385: 3373: 3367: 3346: 3279: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 2844: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 800:Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart 5637: 5623: 5489: 5449:. International Commission on Stratigraphy 5387:Schoch, Rainer R.; Seegis, Dieter (2014). 5213: 4999: 4748: 4742: 4613: 4547: 3971: 3952: 3893: 3858: 3831: 3808: 3770: 3201: 3139: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2383: 1103:. These claims are problematic since both 482:complete. The abundance of its fossils in 124: 7979: 5540: 5522: 5393:Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 5320: 5271: 5219: 5018: 4836: 4784: 4770:"Protokoll der Sitzung vom 3 Januar 1912" 4718: 4639: 4574: 4516: 4476: 4427: 4391: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4274: 4226: 4031: 3746: 3305: 3252: 3165: 2990: 2882: 2811: 2049:State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart 705:State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart 645:, a species described by palaeontologist 6581: 4990: 3543: 3093: 3047: 2764: 2557: 2387: 2311: 2248: 2194: 2043:Mounted cast of SMNS 13200, holotype of 2038: 1961: 1613: 1601: 1404: 1346: 1293: 1270:Aside from fossils clearly belonging to 1113: 1009:P. trossingensis, P. longiceps, and 991: 839: 655: 543: 539: 4739:Link to full text only available in US 4504:[Taxonomy of fossil saurians]. 3982:] (in German). Berlin: Borntraeger. 3668:The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 3618:The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 2958: 1129:, at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin 1014:, previously assigned to its own genus 438:; before 2019, that honor was given to 14: 10228: 4556:Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4362: 4298: 3661: 3470: 2491:based on fig. 3 (p. 8) in Moser (2003) 1595:is probably another junior synonym of 1243:, pending a revision of the material. 671:The second major German locality with 9969: 9968: 9928: 8702: 7966: 7435: 6568: 5771: 5656: 5618: 4689: 4192:Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 3657: 3655: 3506:[System of Fossil Saurians]. 2327:, the older species, is found in the 1195:. Markus Moser, however, showed that 824:is MB R.1937, which is stored in the 783:(series of fused hip vertebrae) as a 733:, located at the northern end of the 718:processes, Frick yields skeletons of 675:finds, a quarry in Trossingen in the 4648:"Über die Trias-Dinosaurier Europas" 3238:"Saurierfunde im Fränkischen Keuper" 564:, Germany. Three years later German 513:the maximum life span is not known. 10241:Multispecific sauropodomorph genera 5772: 5644: 4587:Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C 3211:Meddelelser om Grønland, Geoscience 2141: 1969:view of left lower arm and hand of 1957: 486:, Germany, has led to the nickname 24: 5252:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 4457:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 4053:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3652: 2443: 1413:specimens representing two species 1239:has been considered separate from 1167:described differences between the 1154:) and Halberstadt (one species of 973:particular its robust limb bones. 25: 10312: 10256:Late Triassic dinosaurs of Europe 9930:Topics in sauropodomorph research 7436: 5560: 4589:. 7 (Whole Series No. 121): 1–59. 3485:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1870.026.01-02.09 3356:Grundriss der Versteinerungskunde 2926:Sander, P.M. (1992). "The Norian 2707:pp. 193–194 in Jaekel (1913–1914) 1545:. Plateosauridae was proposed by 1472: 1373:(eye socket), the sub-triangular 1111:have undiagnostic type specimens. 9911: 9905: 9900: 9894: 8703: 8684: 8676: 8668: 7949: 7944: 7418: 7412: 7406: 7398: 6550: 6543: 6538: 6532: 5578: 5566: 5498: 5435: 5246:Wings, O.; Sander, P.M. (2007). 4920:The plateosaurs from Trossingen. 4916:Die Plateosaurier von Trossingen 4429:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00952.x 4294:from the original on 2011-05-22. 3479:. Vol. 26. pp. 32–51. 3464: 3307:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00301.x 3197:from the original on 2006-09-29. 3043:from the original on 2013-12-28. 2746: 2737: 2476:, induced by a mud-miring trap. 2307: 1952: 1610:skeleton in Sauriermuseum, Frick 1480:is a member of a group of early 987: 777:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg 157: 56: 4914:Weishampel, D.B.; Westphal, F. 3606: 3458: 3322: 2728: 2719: 2710: 2701: 2692: 2683: 2674: 2665: 2656: 2647: 2638: 2629: 2626:pp. 152-155 in von Meyer (1855) 2620: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2566: 2548: 2539: 2530: 2521: 2512: 2503: 2494: 1048:University of the Witwatersrand 7967: 3575:Dinosaur Mailing List, Archive 3569:Creisler, B. (December 2015). 3448:Dinosaur Mailing List, Archive 3442:Creisler, B. (February 2012). 2485: 2162:, thus making them omnivores. 1369:at the back. The large, round 1289: 1199:is itself a junior synonym of 1085:P. (Sellosaurus) gracilis 1062:and reintroduced the old name 1038:, but did not discuss whether 13: 1: 10301:Late Triassic sauropodomorphs 10291:Fossil taxa described in 1837 6569: 5603:3D walking skeletal model of 5226:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 4502:"System der fossilen Saurier" 4267:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 4020:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 3504:"System der fossilen Saurier" 3223:10.7146/moggeosci.v32i.140904 2866:[message to Prof. Bronn ( 2758: 2214:confirmed by recent research. 598:river valleys), Switzerland ( 5524:10.1371/journal.pone.0306819 5322:10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020107 4115:Paläontologische Zeitschrift 3848:Geologica et Palaeontologica 3821:Geologica et Palaeontologica 3798:Geologica et Palaeontologica 3184:Norwegian Journal of Geology 3014:Paläontologische Zeitschrift 2952:10.1016/0031-0182(92)90100-J 2860:"Mitteilung an Prof. Bronn ( 2350: 2296:and estimated orbit size of 2232:behavioural thermoregulation 835: 364:Pidancet & Chopard, 1862 7: 4725:Huene, F. von (1907–1908). 4529:American Journal of Science 3909:Revue Paléobiologie, Genève 3471:Huxley, Thomas H. (1870). " 2563:pp. 331–332 in Yates (2003) 2518:p. 74 in Blankenhorn (1898) 2191:Life history and metabolism 758:has also been found in the 401:that lived during the Late 10: 10317: 4177:Palaeontologia Electronica 3887:10.1127/njgpa/216/2000/233 3085:. Neue Folge (in German). 2468:Pathologies affecting the 2331:(lower to middle Norian). 2318:Plateosaurus trossingensis 1523:of Dinosauria) to include 807:Plateosaurus trossingensis 435:Plateosaurus trossingensis 286:Plateosaurus trossingensis 10236:Sauropodomorphs of Europe 10154: 10085: 9977: 9935: 9924: 9892: 9794: 9703: 9629: 9591: 9582: 9546: 9512: 9430: 9364: 9313: 9304: 9231: 9222: 9200: 9189: 9124: 9115: 8730: 8726: 8711: 8698: 8665: 8631: 8583: 8574: 8446: 8268: 8259: 8168: 8103: 8092: 8061: 7994: 7990: 7975: 7962: 7942: 7854: 7811: 7802: 7704: 7695: 7632: 7597: 7588: 7494: 7485: 7474: 7459: 7444: 7431: 7395: 7321: 7293: 7277: 7268: 7159: 7003: 6952: 6832: 6821: 6790: 6737: 6733: 6722: 6677: 6596: 6592: 6577: 6564: 6530: 6484: 6399: 6390: 6331: 6322: 6230: 6203: 6146: 6135: 6076: 6047: 6036: 5998: 5941: 5937: 5926: 5856: 5799: 5795: 5780: 5767: 5735: 5717: 5704: 5652: 5413:10.1007/s12549-014-0166-8 5166:10.1017/S0094837300009866 4620:Galton, Peter M. (1976). 4568:10.1080/00222932608633437 3724:American Museum Novitates 3662:Galton, Peter M. (2012). 2828:(in German and English). 2205:Eberhard-Karls-University 1900: 1883: 1876: 1840: 1822: 1815: 1797: 1790: 1778: 1752: 1735: 1728: 1717: 1686: 1669: 1662: 1650: 1553:. Later it was moved to " 1467:Sellosaurus gracilis 1209:Dimodosaurus poligniensis 1137:except the type species, 1075:Yates has cautioned that 1003:The taxonomic history of 386:(probably meaning "broad 357: 350: 301: 296: 280: 273: 154:Scientific classification 152: 143:Eberhard-Karls-University 132: 123: 34: 9950:List of sauropod species 4796:Fraas, Eberhard (1913). 4683:10.11646/zootaxa.690.1.1 4371:Plateosaurus engelhardti 3236:Blankenhorn, M. (1898). 3125:Quenstedt, F.A. (1858). 3008:Jaekel, O. (1913–1914). 2868:Plateosaurus engelhardti 2862:Plateosaurus engelhardti 2822:Plateosaurus engelhardti 2816:Plateosaurus engelhardti 2608:p. 57 in Vollrath (1959) 2479: 2292:Comparisons between the 2244:developmental plasticity 1432:postcranial pneumaticity 1409:Size comparison of four 1259:by Markus Moser. If the 1034:to be the same genus as 1028:Plateosaurus engelhardti 773:Plateosaurus engelhardti 741:, were drilling through 440:Plateosaurus engelhardti 18:Plateosaurus engelhardti 5358:10.1126/science.1200043 4541:10.2475/ajs.s4-7.42.403 4340:10.1126/science.1120125 2581:p. 89 in Geinitz (1846) 2509:p. 271 in Schoch (2011) 2384:Earlier interpretations 1233:Pachysaurus wetzelianus 1213:Gresslyosaurus robustus 760:Fleming Fjord Formation 725:In 1997, workers of an 571:designated them as the 27:Sauropodomorph dinosaur 10271:Fossils of Switzerland 10156:Plateosaurus longiceps 5264:10.1098/rspb.2006.3763 5076:Mallison, H. (2011). " 5030:Revue de Paléobiologie 4646:Huene, F. von (1905). 4500:Meyer, H. von (1845). 4469:10.1098/rspb.2010.1867 3680:10.21805/bzn.v69i3.a15 3592:Meyer, H. von (1852). 3525:Meyer, H. von (1855). 3502:Meyer, H. von (1845). 3353:Geinitz, H.B. (1846). 2858:Meyer, H. von (1837). 2752:p. 332 in Yates (2003) 2743:p. 331 in Yates (2003) 2671:p. 328 in Yates (2003) 2662:p. 331 in Yates (2003) 2635:p. 317 in Yates (2003) 2438:University of Tübingen 2404: 2321: 2254: 2228:dinosaurian physiology 2215: 2052: 1974: 1626: 1611: 1488:". The group is not a 1414: 1358: 1302: 1261:P. erlenbergensis 1253:P. erlenbergensis 1217:Gresslyosaurus torgeri 1130: 1097:P. erlenbergensis 1000: 918:, probably from Greek 853: 822:Plateosaurus longiceps 668: 553: 424:dinosaur, a so-called 10206:Paleobiology Database 10139:Paleobiology Database 10117:Plateosaurus gracilis 10087:Plateosaurus gracilis 10070:Paleobiology Database 9940:Sauropod neck posture 9631:Opisthocoelicaudiinae 5494:(in German) (6): 3–4. 5295:Sander, P.M. (1999). 5032:. special 7: 263–271. 4276:10.4202/app.2010.0075 4167:Mallison, H. (2010). 4033:10.4202/app.2009.0075 4010:Mallison, H. (2010). 3630:10.21805/bzn.v76.a042 3378:VI continens Reptilia 3361:Basics of fossil lore 3146:Schoch, R.R. (2011). 2725:p. 145 in Paul (1997) 2617:p. 13 in Moser (2003) 2572:p. 13 in Moser (2003) 2418:ephemeral water holes 2391: 2325:Plateosaurus gracilis 2315: 2252: 2201:P. trossingensis 2198: 2165:So far, no fossil of 2042: 1971:P. trossingensis 1965: 1629:Basal sauropodomorph 1617: 1605: 1573:" and sauropod-like " 1547:Othniel Charles Marsh 1459:P. trossingensis 1408: 1350: 1297: 1225:Pachysaurus giganteus 1181:P. trossingensis 1133:All named species of 1117: 995: 852:showing tripodal pose 843: 826:Museum für Naturkunde 820:The type specimen of 805:The type specimen of 792:Plateosaurus gracilis 790:The type specimen of 720:P. trossingensis 693:Schwäbischer Lindwurm 659: 651:Museum für Naturkunde 586:Material assigned to 547: 540:Discovery and history 488:Schwäbischer Lindwurm 313:(von Huene, 1907–08 ) 135:P. trossingensis 10286:Triassic Switzerland 5575:at Wikimedia Commons 4768:Tornier, G. (1912). 4583:Lufengosaurus huenei 4523:Marsh, O.C. (1895). 4398:Yates, A.M. (2010). 3624:(1): 144–145. 2019. 3392:Agassiz, L. (1846). 3374:Agassiz, L. (1844). 3280:Yates, A.M. (2003). 2653:p. 5 in Huene (1926) 2341:Trossingen Formation 2329:Löwenstein Formation 2169:has been found with 1999:laterally undulating 1624:Sellosaurus gracilis 1622:, formerly known as 1618:Life restoration of 1438:this indicates that 1356:Royal Ontario Museum 1179:. Galton recognised 1052:Sellosaurus gracilis 830:Trossingen Formation 815:Trossingen Formation 408:, around 214 to 204 372:von Huene, 1907–1908 139:Trossingen Formation 133:Mounted skeleton of 9799:Dubious titanosaurs 6616:Chinshakiangosaurus 5591:3D skull models of 5405:2014PdPe...94..571S 5350:2011Sci...332..705S 5313:1999FossR...2..103S 5158:1990Pbio...16..170G 4814:1913NW......1.1097F 4802:Naturwissenschaften 4463:(1708): 1044–1053. 4420:2010Palgy..53..739Y 4332:2005Sci...310.1800S 4326:(5755): 1800–1802. 4127:1996PalZ...70..591C 3972:Jaekel, O. (1911). 3871:P. engelhardti 3298:2003Palgy..46..317Y 2944:1992PPP....93..255M 1420:P. engelhardti 1389:, and 21 to 28 per 1375:antorbital fenestra 1257:P. engelhardti 1205:P. engelhardti 1201:P. engelhardti 1173:P. engelhardti 1119:P. engelhardti 1044:P. engelhardti 951:Thomas Henry Huxley 866:Hanns Bruno Geinitz 771:The type series of 681:Friedrich von Huene 10261:Fossils of Germany 9671:Opisthocoelicaudia 6743:Archaeodontosaurus 5220:Wings, O. (2007). 5111:Journal of Anatomy 4822:10.1007/BF01493265 4135:10.1007/BF02988095 3026:10.1007/BF03160336 2812:Moser, M. (2003). 2450:University of Bonn 2405: 2322: 2255: 2216: 2099:shows a number of 2053: 1975: 1627: 1612: 1519:(a defunct junior 1415: 1359: 1310:cervical vertebrae 1303: 1229:Pachysaurus magnus 1185:P. fraasianus 1131: 1001: 854: 748:University of Bonn 669: 554: 10276:Fossils of Norway 10246:Clawed herbivores 10221: 10220: 10193:Open Tree of Life 10057:Open Tree of Life 9971:Taxon identifiers 9962: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9920: 9919: 9890: 9889: 9886: 9885: 9882: 9881: 9807:Bruhathkayosaurus 9790: 9789: 9786: 9785: 9782: 9781: 9508: 9507: 9426: 9425: 9348:Panamericansaurus 9185: 9184: 9181: 9180: 8694: 8693: 8663: 8662: 8659: 8658: 8655: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8627: 8626: 8095:Titanosauriformes 8088: 8087: 7958: 7957: 7940: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7932: 7931: 7928: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7736:Brachytrachelopan 7691: 7690: 7687: 7686: 7465:Haplocanthosaurus 7427: 7426: 7393: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7385: 7384: 7326:Dubious sauropods 7317: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7309: 7308: 6817: 6816: 6718: 6717: 6653:Protognathosaurus 6560: 6559: 6528: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6131: 6130: 6032: 6031: 5922: 5921: 5763: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5755: 5754: 5571:Media related to 5344:(6030): 705–708. 5258:(1610): 635–640. 5206:978-0-521-59449-3 5123:10.1111/joa.13833 5091:978-0-253-35508-9 5062:978-1-4051-6933-2 5011:978-0-935868-94-4 4983:978-0-520-06727-1 4955:978-0-520-25408-4 4808:(45): 1097–1100. 4711:978-1-4051-6933-2 4384:978-1-4051-6933-2 4244:978-1-4051-6933-2 3945:978-0-520-25408-4 3555:978-0-253-34817-3 2067:was incapable of 1949: 1948: 1940: 1939: 1931: 1930: 1922: 1921: 1913: 1912: 1865: 1864: 1856: 1855: 1767: 1766: 1701: 1700: 1265:P. longiceps 1197:P. longiceps 1193:P. longiceps 1177:P. longiceps 1139:P. gracilis, 1105:P. erlenbergensis 798:, is kept at the 643:P. longiceps 616:Baden-Württemberg 569:Hermann von Meyer 548:Map of important 471:Hermann von Meyer 410:million years ago 379: 378: 373: 365: 344: 339:von Meyer, 1837 ( 327: 314: 269: 16:(Redirected from 10308: 10281:Triassic Germany 10214: 10213: 10201: 10200: 10188: 10187: 10175: 10174: 10173: 10147: 10146: 10134: 10133: 10121: 10120: 10119: 10106: 10105: 10104: 10078: 10077: 10065: 10064: 10052: 10051: 10039: 10038: 10026: 10025: 10013: 10012: 10011: 9998: 9997: 9996: 9966: 9965: 9926: 9925: 9915: 9909: 9904: 9898: 9796: 9795: 9678:Pellegrinisaurus 9589: 9588: 9544: 9543: 9523:Bustingorrytitan 9463:Futalognkosaurus 9311: 9310: 9229: 9228: 9198: 9197: 9122: 9121: 9105:Diamantinasauria 8997:Pellegrinisaurus 8903:Jiangshanosaurus 8794:Baotianmansaurus 8728: 8727: 8724: 8723: 8713: 8712: 8700: 8699: 8689: 8688: 8681: 8680: 8673: 8672: 8596:Diamantinasaurus 8581: 8580: 8576:Diamantinasauria 8515:Jiangshanosaurus 8266: 8265: 8101: 8100: 7992: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7977: 7976: 7964: 7963: 7953: 7948: 7809: 7808: 7702: 7701: 7634:Rebbachisaurinae 7595: 7594: 7492: 7491: 7487:Rebbachisauridae 7483: 7482: 7457: 7456: 7446: 7445: 7433: 7432: 7422: 7416: 7411: 7410: 7403: 7402: 7334:Bothriospondylus 7323: 7322: 7275: 7274: 7051:Eomamenchisaurus 7005:Mamenchisauridae 6985:Lapparentosaurus 6929:Spinophorosaurus 6830: 6829: 6735: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6579: 6578: 6566: 6565: 6555: 6554: 6547: 6542: 6536: 6397: 6396: 6329: 6328: 6232:Massospondylidae 6144: 6143: 6074: 6073: 6045: 6044: 6009:Jaklapallisaurus 5989:Thecodontosaurus 5939: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5782: 5781: 5769: 5768: 5715: 5714: 5706: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5654: 5653: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5616: 5615: 5583:Data related to 5582: 5570: 5555: 5554: 5544: 5526: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5487: 5481: 5480: 5468: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5447:stratigraphy.org 5439: 5433: 5432: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5275: 5243: 5234: 5233: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5194: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5025: 5016: 5015: 4997: 4988: 4987: 4969: 4960: 4959: 4943: 4933: 4924: 4923: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4889: 4880: 4879: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4793: 4782: 4781: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4746: 4740: 4738: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4626: 4617: 4611: 4610: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4562:(101): 473–489. 4551: 4545: 4544: 4535:(300): 483–498. 4520: 4514: 4513: 4497: 4491: 4490: 4480: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4431: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4366: 4360: 4359: 4315: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4278: 4264: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4164: 4147: 4146: 4121:(3–4): 591–601. 4106: 4093: 4092: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4007: 3984: 3983: 3969: 3950: 3949: 3933: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3900: 3891: 3890: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3789: 3768: 3767: 3755: 3744: 3743: 3711: 3700: 3699: 3659: 3650: 3649: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3439: 3428: 3427: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3309: 3277: 3250: 3249: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3181: 3172: 3163: 3162: 3152: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3102: 3091: 3090: 3078: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3005: 2988: 2987: 2975: 2956: 2955: 2938:(3–4): 255–299. 2923: 2880: 2879: 2855: 2842: 2841: 2809: 2753: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2699: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2663: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2645: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2618: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2600: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2573: 2570: 2564: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2525: 2519: 2516: 2510: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2492: 2489: 2474:capture myopathy 2454:La Brea Tar Pits 2429:David Weishampel 2414:aeolian deposits 2333:P. trossingensis 2142:Feeding and diet 2045:P. trossingensis 1958:Posture and gait 1879: 1878: 1818: 1817: 1793: 1792: 1786:Massospondylidae 1781: 1780: 1731: 1730: 1720: 1719: 1665: 1664: 1653: 1652: 1641: 1640: 1620:P. gracilis 1608:P. trossingensis 1465:(formerly named 1463:P. gracilis 1426:probably had an 1367:temporal foramen 1352:P. trossingensis 1314:caudal vertebrae 1300:P. trossingensis 1221:Pachysaurus ajax 1060:P. gracilis 1040:S. gracilis 1012:P. gracilis 846:life restoration 794:, an incomplete 731:Snorre oil field 661:P. trossingensis 575:of a new genus, 526:palaeontological 448:P. trossingensis 371: 363: 338: 332: 325: 319: 312: 306: 283: 264: 257: 244: 231: 162: 161: 128: 118: 55: 40:Temporal range: 32: 31: 21: 10316: 10315: 10311: 10310: 10309: 10307: 10306: 10305: 10266:Triassic Norway 10226: 10225: 10222: 10217: 10209: 10204: 10196: 10191: 10183: 10178: 10169: 10168: 10163: 10150: 10142: 10137: 10129: 10124: 10115: 10114: 10109: 10100: 10099: 10094: 10081: 10073: 10068: 10060: 10055: 10047: 10042: 10034: 10029: 10021: 10016: 10007: 10006: 10001: 9992: 9991: 9986: 9973: 9963: 9954: 9945:Sauropod hiatus 9931: 9916: 9878: 9815:Campylodoniscus 9778: 9699: 9625: 9578: 9548:Nemegtosauridae 9542: 9504: 9441:Argentinosaurus 9422: 9360: 9300: 9218: 9194: 9177: 9137:Atsinganosaurus 9117:Lirainosaurinae 9111: 9098:Xianshanosaurus 8983:Normanniasaurus 8969:Narambuenatitan 8852:Dongyangosaurus 8720: 8707: 8690: 8683: 8675: 8667: 8647: 8623: 8603:Sarmientosaurus 8570: 8523:Phuwiangosaurus 8442: 8255: 8170:Brachiosauridae 8164: 8097: 8084: 8057: 7984: 7971: 7954: 7920: 7850: 7798: 7706:Dicraeosauridae 7697:Flagellicaudata 7683: 7628: 7584: 7558:Nopcsaspondylus 7550:Maraapunisaurus 7479: 7477:Diplodocimorpha 7470: 7453: 7440: 7423: 7405: 7397: 7381: 7305: 7289: 7264: 7237:Tehuelchesaurus 7155: 7115:Tienshanosaurus 6999: 6948: 6936:Tehuelchesaurus 6826: 6813: 6792:Vulcanodontidae 6786: 6727: 6714: 6673: 6623:Gongxianosaurus 6586: 6573: 6556: 6549: 6500: 6480: 6386: 6345:Jingshanosaurus 6337:Chuxiongosaurus 6324:Sauropodiformes 6318: 6241:Adeopapposaurus 6226: 6199: 6140: 6127: 6072: 6041: 6028: 5994: 5931: 5918: 5852: 5789: 5787:Sauropodomorpha 5776: 5774:Sauropodomorpha 5751: 5737:Sauropodomorpha 5731: 5725:Avemetatarsalia 5710:Avemetatarsalia 5700: 5685:Avemetatarsalia 5659: 5658: 5648: 5646:Sauropodomorpha 5643: 5563: 5558: 5517:(7): e0306819. 5503: 5499: 5488: 5484: 5469: 5462: 5452: 5450: 5441: 5440: 5436: 5385: 5381: 5334: 5330: 5293: 5289: 5244: 5237: 5218: 5214: 5207: 5185: 5181: 5142: 5138: 5103: 5099: 5092: 5074: 5070: 5063: 5041: 5037: 5026: 5019: 5012: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4970: 4963: 4956: 4934: 4927: 4912: 4905: 4890: 4883: 4860: 4856: 4841: 4837: 4794: 4785: 4766: 4762: 4747: 4743: 4723: 4719: 4712: 4694: 4690: 4667: 4663: 4644: 4640: 4624: 4618: 4614: 4598: 4594: 4579: 4575: 4552: 4548: 4521: 4517: 4498: 4494: 4449: 4445: 4396: 4392: 4385: 4367: 4363: 4316: 4299: 4291: 4262: 4256: 4252: 4245: 4231: 4227: 4188: 4184: 4165: 4150: 4107: 4096: 4045: 4041: 4008: 3987: 3970: 3953: 3946: 3924: 3920: 3901: 3894: 3863: 3859: 3836: 3832: 3813: 3809: 3790: 3771: 3756: 3747: 3712: 3703: 3660: 3653: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3590: 3586: 3567: 3563: 3556: 3542: 3538: 3523: 3519: 3500: 3496: 3463: 3459: 3440: 3431: 3408: 3404: 3390: 3386: 3372: 3368: 3351: 3347: 3338: 3336: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3278: 3253: 3234: 3230: 3206: 3202: 3194: 3179: 3173: 3166: 3155:Palaeodiversity 3150: 3144: 3140: 3123: 3119: 3108:Palaeobiologica 3103: 3094: 3079: 3048: 3040: 3006: 2991: 2976: 2959: 2924: 2883: 2856: 2845: 2810: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2446: 2444:Mud-miring trap 2386: 2353: 2316:Restoration of 2310: 2193: 2144: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1923: 1914: 1887:Jingshanosaurus 1866: 1857: 1768: 1702: 1575:melanorosaurids 1549:in 1895 within 1475: 1400:sclerotic rings 1385:, 24 to 30 per 1322:shoulder girdle 1298:Restoration of 1292: 1189:P. integer 990: 904:= "spade") and 868:in 1846 gave "( 838: 739:Lunde Formation 566:palaeontologist 542: 326:Jaekel, 1913-14 292: 289: 263: 255: 242: 233:Sauropodomorpha 229: 156: 119: 117: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 50: 49: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10314: 10304: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10219: 10218: 10216: 10215: 10202: 10189: 10176: 10160: 10158: 10152: 10151: 10149: 10148: 10135: 10122: 10107: 10091: 10089: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10079: 10066: 10053: 10040: 10027: 10014: 9999: 9983: 9981: 9975: 9974: 9960: 9959: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9936: 9933: 9932: 9922: 9921: 9918: 9917: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9887: 9884: 9883: 9880: 9879: 9877: 9876: 9869: 9861: 9854: 9846: 9839: 9832: 9825: 9822:Clasmodosaurus 9818: 9811: 9802: 9800: 9792: 9791: 9788: 9787: 9784: 9783: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9776: 9769: 9762: 9755: 9748: 9741: 9737:Maxakalisaurus 9733: 9726: 9718: 9709: 9707: 9701: 9700: 9698: 9697: 9689: 9682: 9674: 9667: 9659: 9651: 9644: 9635: 9633: 9627: 9626: 9624: 9623: 9619:Quaesitosaurus 9615: 9608: 9600: 9592: 9586: 9580: 9579: 9577: 9576: 9568: 9564:Quaesitosaurus 9560: 9552: 9550: 9541: 9540: 9533: 9526: 9518: 9516: 9514:Saltasauroidea 9510: 9509: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9502: 9495: 9488: 9481: 9474: 9466: 9459: 9451: 9444: 9436: 9434: 9428: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9420: 9413: 9406: 9399: 9392: 9385: 9378: 9370: 9368: 9362: 9361: 9359: 9358: 9351: 9344: 9337: 9330: 9326:Maxakalisaurus 9322: 9319:Adamantisaurus 9314: 9308: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9298: 9291: 9283: 9276: 9269: 9265:Epachthosaurus 9261: 9254: 9247: 9240: 9237:Antarctosaurus 9232: 9226: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9216: 9209: 9201: 9195: 9192:Eutitanosauria 9190: 9187: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9168: 9165:Mansourasaurus 9161: 9154: 9147: 9140: 9133: 9125: 9119: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9109: 9101: 9094: 9087: 9080: 9073: 9066: 9059: 9052: 9044: 9040:Tastavinsaurus 9036: 9029: 9022: 9015: 9008: 9005:Petrobrasaurus 9001: 8993: 8986: 8979: 8972: 8965: 8958: 8951: 8947:Malarguesaurus 8943: 8936: 8928: 8921: 8914: 8907: 8899: 8892: 8885: 8878: 8874:Epachthosaurus 8870: 8863: 8855: 8848: 8841: 8834: 8827: 8820: 8812: 8804: 8797: 8790: 8787:Austroposeidon 8783: 8776: 8769: 8762: 8754: 8747: 8739: 8731: 8721: 8716: 8709: 8708: 8696: 8695: 8692: 8691: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8660: 8657: 8656: 8653: 8652: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8645: 8644: 8643: 8637: 8635: 8629: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8621: 8613: 8606: 8599: 8592: 8584: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8568: 8561: 8554: 8551:Tangvayosaurus 8547: 8540: 8533: 8526: 8519: 8511: 8504: 8497: 8490: 8483: 8476: 8469: 8461: 8452: 8450: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8440: 8433: 8430:Tastavinsaurus 8426: 8419: 8412: 8405: 8402:Pukyongosaurus 8398: 8391: 8384: 8381:Liubangosaurus 8377: 8369: 8366:Liaoningotitan 8362: 8355: 8347: 8340: 8333: 8326: 8319: 8312: 8305: 8298: 8291: 8288:Astrophocaudia 8284: 8277: 8269: 8263: 8261:Somphospondyli 8257: 8256: 8254: 8253: 8246: 8239: 8232: 8225: 8218: 8211: 8203: 8196: 8189: 8182: 8174: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8162: 8154: 8147: 8140: 8133: 8126: 8119: 8112: 8104: 8098: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8082: 8079:Lourinhasaurus 8075: 8067: 8065: 8063:Camarasauridae 8059: 8058: 8056: 8055: 8048: 8040: 8033: 8029:Dashanpusaurus 8025: 8018: 8010: 8003: 7995: 7985: 7980: 7973: 7972: 7960: 7959: 7956: 7955: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7930: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7918: 7911: 7904: 7897: 7889: 7882: 7875: 7872:Dinheirosaurus 7868: 7860: 7858: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7848: 7841: 7833: 7826: 7817: 7815: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7796: 7789: 7782: 7775: 7768: 7761: 7754: 7746: 7739: 7732: 7725: 7718: 7710: 7708: 7699: 7693: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7681: 7674: 7671:Rebbachisaurus 7667: 7660: 7653: 7646: 7638: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7618: 7611: 7603: 7601: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7582: 7575: 7568: 7561: 7554: 7546: 7543:Lavocatisaurus 7539: 7532: 7524: 7517: 7510: 7503: 7495: 7489: 7480: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7468: 7460: 7454: 7449: 7442: 7441: 7429: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7379: 7372: 7369:Qinlingosaurus 7365: 7358: 7351: 7344: 7337: 7329: 7327: 7319: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7303: 7302:(see below ↓ ) 7299: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7286:(see below ↓ ) 7283: 7281: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7255: 7248: 7241: 7233: 7225: 7218: 7211: 7204: 7197: 7189: 7181: 7173: 7165: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7146: 7139: 7132: 7125: 7118: 7111: 7108:Rhomaleopakhus 7104: 7097: 7090: 7087:Mamenchisaurus 7083: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7047: 7039: 7036:Chuanjiesaurus 7032: 7028:Cetiosauriscus 7024: 7017: 7009: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6997: 6989: 6981: 6973: 6966: 6958: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6939: 6932: 6925: 6918: 6911: 6904: 6897: 6890: 6883: 6880:Dashanpusaurus 6876: 6873:Cetiosauriscus 6869: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6833: 6827: 6822: 6819: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6804: 6796: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6780:Zizhongosaurus 6776: 6768: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6738: 6728: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6712: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6683: 6681: 6679:Lessemsauridae 6675: 6674: 6672: 6671: 6667:Tuebingosaurus 6663: 6656: 6649: 6641: 6633: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6605: 6597: 6587: 6582: 6575: 6574: 6562: 6561: 6558: 6557: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6490: 6488: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6478: 6475:Sefapanosaurus 6471: 6464: 6457: 6450: 6447:Melanorosaurus 6443: 6436: 6429: 6422: 6415: 6408: 6400: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6377: 6370: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6341: 6332: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6308: 6301: 6294: 6287: 6284:Massospondylus 6280: 6273: 6266: 6258: 6255:Glacialisaurus 6251: 6248:Coloradisaurus 6244: 6236: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6217: 6209: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6197: 6194:Tuebingosaurus 6190: 6183: 6176: 6169: 6162: 6155: 6147: 6141: 6136: 6133: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6118: 6111: 6108:Pachysauriscus 6104: 6097: 6094:Gresslyosaurus 6090: 6082: 6080: 6078:Plateosauridae 6071: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6053:Plateosauravus 6048: 6042: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6004: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5985: 5978: 5971: 5964: 5957: 5950: 5942: 5932: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5916: 5909: 5901: 5893: 5886: 5883:Chromogisaurus 5879: 5871: 5862: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5850: 5843: 5836: 5829: 5822: 5815: 5808: 5800: 5790: 5785: 5778: 5777: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5741: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5718: 5712: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5687: 5678: 5672: 5666: 5650: 5649: 5642: 5641: 5634: 5627: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5600: 5588: 5587:at Wikispecies 5576: 5562: 5561:External links 5559: 5557: 5556: 5497: 5482: 5460: 5434: 5399:(4): 571–593. 5379: 5328: 5307:(1): 103–112. 5287: 5235: 5212: 5205: 5179: 5152:(2): 170–186. 5136: 5117:(5): 891–916. 5097: 5090: 5068: 5061: 5049:Massospondylus 5035: 5017: 5010: 4989: 4982: 4974:The Dinosauria 4961: 4954: 4940:The Dinosauria 4925: 4903: 4881: 4854: 4835: 4783: 4760: 4741: 4717: 4710: 4698:Melanorosaurus 4688: 4661: 4638: 4612: 4605:(in Spanish). 4603:Opera Lilloana 4592: 4573: 4546: 4515: 4492: 4443: 4414:(4): 739–752. 4390: 4383: 4361: 4297: 4250: 4243: 4225: 4204:10.1086/319300 4182: 4148: 4094: 4059:(2): 466–468. 4049:Massospondylus 4039: 4026:(3): 433–458. 3985: 3951: 3944: 3930:The Dinosauria 3918: 3892: 3881:(2): 233–275. 3857: 3844:Gresslyosaurus 3830: 3807: 3769: 3745: 3732:10.1206/3727.2 3726:(3727): 1–58. 3701: 3674:(3): 203–212. 3651: 3605: 3584: 3581:on 2016-08-09. 3561: 3554: 3536: 3517: 3494: 3457: 3454:on 2018-01-20. 3429: 3402: 3396:emendationibus 3384: 3366: 3345: 3334:paleobiodb.org 3321: 3292:(2): 317–337. 3251: 3248:(1897): 67–91. 3228: 3200: 3164: 3138: 3117: 3092: 3046: 2989: 2957: 2881: 2843: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2754: 2745: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2619: 2610: 2601: 2592: 2583: 2574: 2565: 2556: 2547: 2538: 2529: 2520: 2511: 2502: 2493: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2445: 2442: 2399:skeleton from 2393:P. engelhardti 2385: 2382: 2352: 2349: 2339:stem from the 2309: 2306: 2192: 2189: 2184:Psittacosaurus 2143: 2140: 2086:centre of mass 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1826:Coloradisaurus 1821: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1801:Massospondylus 1796: 1791: 1789: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1718: 1716: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1658:Plateosauridae 1651: 1649: 1639: 1505:Plateosauridae 1496:sauropodomorph 1474: 1473:Classification 1471: 1316:. The arms of 1291: 1288: 1267:Jaekel, 1913. 1156:Gresslyosaurus 1109:P. engelhardti 1101:P. engelhardti 996:Skull cast of 989: 986: 844:Outdated 1912 837: 834: 541: 538: 422:sauropodomorph 377: 376: 375: 374: 366: 355: 354: 348: 347: 346: 345: 335:P. engelhardti 328: 315: 299: 298: 297:Other species 294: 293: 290: 278: 277: 271: 270: 253: 249: 248: 246:Plateosauridae 240: 236: 235: 227: 220: 219: 214: 207: 206: 201: 194: 193: 188: 184: 183: 178: 174: 173: 168: 164: 163: 150: 149: 130: 129: 121: 120: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 39: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10313: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10251:Norian genera 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10233: 10231: 10224: 10212: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10181: 10177: 10172: 10166: 10162: 10161: 10159: 10157: 10153: 10145: 10140: 10136: 10132: 10127: 10123: 10118: 10112: 10108: 10103: 10097: 10093: 10092: 10090: 10088: 10084: 10076: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10032: 10028: 10024: 10019: 10015: 10010: 10004: 10000: 9995: 9989: 9985: 9984: 9982: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9967: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9937: 9934: 9927: 9923: 9914: 9910: 9908: 9903: 9897: 9875: 9874: 9870: 9867: 9866: 9865:Mongolosaurus 9862: 9860: 9859: 9855: 9852: 9851: 9850:Macrurosaurus 9847: 9845: 9844: 9840: 9838: 9837: 9833: 9831: 9830: 9829:Hypselosaurus 9826: 9824: 9823: 9819: 9817: 9816: 9812: 9809: 9808: 9804: 9803: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9775: 9774: 9770: 9768: 9767: 9763: 9761: 9760: 9756: 9754: 9753: 9749: 9747: 9746: 9745:Neuquensaurus 9742: 9739: 9738: 9734: 9732: 9731: 9727: 9724: 9723: 9719: 9716: 9715: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9705:Saltasaurinae 9702: 9695: 9694: 9693:Zhuchengtitan 9690: 9688: 9687: 9683: 9680: 9679: 9675: 9673: 9672: 9668: 9665: 9664: 9663:Dreadnoughtus 9660: 9657: 9656: 9652: 9650: 9649: 9645: 9642: 9641: 9637: 9636: 9634: 9632: 9628: 9621: 9620: 9616: 9614: 9613: 9612:Qingxiusaurus 9609: 9606: 9605: 9601: 9599: 9598: 9594: 9593: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9584:Saltasauridae 9581: 9574: 9573: 9569: 9566: 9565: 9561: 9559: 9558: 9557:Nemegtosaurus 9554: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9545: 9539: 9538: 9534: 9532: 9531: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9520: 9519: 9517: 9515: 9511: 9501: 9500: 9496: 9494: 9493: 9489: 9487: 9486: 9482: 9480: 9479: 9478:Mendozasaurus 9475: 9472: 9471: 9467: 9465: 9464: 9460: 9457: 9456: 9455:Dzharatitanis 9452: 9450: 9449: 9445: 9443: 9442: 9438: 9437: 9435: 9433: 9429: 9419: 9418: 9414: 9412: 9411: 9407: 9405: 9404: 9403:Gondwanatitan 9400: 9398: 9397: 9393: 9391: 9390: 9386: 9384: 9383: 9379: 9377: 9376: 9372: 9371: 9369: 9367: 9363: 9357: 9356: 9352: 9350: 9349: 9345: 9343: 9342: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9334:Muyelensaurus 9331: 9328: 9327: 9323: 9321: 9320: 9316: 9315: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9292: 9289: 9288: 9284: 9282: 9281: 9277: 9275: 9274: 9270: 9267: 9266: 9262: 9260: 9259: 9258:Chucarosaurus 9255: 9253: 9252: 9248: 9246: 9245: 9241: 9239: 9238: 9234: 9233: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9224:Colossosauria 9221: 9215: 9214: 9213:Menucocelsior 9210: 9208: 9207: 9203: 9202: 9199: 9196: 9193: 9188: 9174: 9173: 9169: 9167: 9166: 9162: 9160: 9159: 9155: 9153: 9152: 9151:Lirainosaurus 9148: 9146: 9145: 9141: 9139: 9138: 9134: 9132: 9131: 9127: 9126: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9114: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9100: 9099: 9095: 9093: 9092: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9079: 9078: 9074: 9072: 9071: 9070:Trigonosaurus 9067: 9065: 9064: 9060: 9058: 9057: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9037: 9035: 9034: 9033:Ruyangosaurus 9030: 9028: 9027: 9023: 9021: 9020: 9016: 9014: 9013: 9012:Pitekunsaurus 9009: 9007: 9006: 9002: 8999: 8998: 8994: 8992: 8991: 8987: 8985: 8984: 8980: 8978: 8977: 8973: 8971: 8970: 8966: 8964: 8963: 8962:Mnyamawamtuka 8959: 8957: 8956: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8944: 8942: 8941: 8940:Magyarosaurus 8937: 8934: 8933: 8932:Ligabuesaurus 8929: 8927: 8926: 8925:Laplatasaurus 8922: 8920: 8919: 8918:Karongasaurus 8915: 8913: 8912: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8900: 8898: 8897: 8893: 8891: 8890: 8886: 8884: 8883: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8871: 8869: 8868: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8859:Dreadnoughtus 8856: 8854: 8853: 8849: 8847: 8846: 8842: 8840: 8839: 8835: 8833: 8832: 8828: 8826: 8825: 8824:Borealosaurus 8821: 8818: 8817: 8813: 8810: 8809: 8805: 8803: 8802: 8801:Barrosasaurus 8798: 8796: 8795: 8791: 8789: 8788: 8784: 8782: 8781: 8777: 8775: 8774: 8770: 8768: 8767: 8763: 8760: 8759: 8755: 8753: 8752: 8748: 8745: 8744: 8743:Aegyptosaurus 8740: 8738: 8737: 8733: 8732: 8729: 8725: 8722: 8719: 8714: 8710: 8706: 8701: 8697: 8687: 8682: 8679: 8671: 8641: 8640: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8634: 8630: 8619: 8618: 8614: 8612: 8611: 8610:Savannasaurus 8607: 8605: 8604: 8600: 8598: 8597: 8593: 8591: 8590: 8589:Australotitan 8586: 8585: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8573: 8567: 8566: 8562: 8560: 8559: 8555: 8553: 8552: 8548: 8546: 8545: 8541: 8539: 8538: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8512: 8510: 8509: 8505: 8503: 8502: 8498: 8496: 8495: 8491: 8489: 8488: 8484: 8482: 8481: 8477: 8475: 8474: 8470: 8467: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8458: 8457:Australodocus 8454: 8453: 8451: 8449: 8448:Euhelopodidae 8445: 8439: 8438: 8437:Triunfosaurus 8434: 8432: 8431: 8427: 8425: 8424: 8420: 8418: 8417: 8416:Sauroposeidon 8413: 8411: 8410: 8406: 8404: 8403: 8399: 8397: 8396: 8395:Padillasaurus 8392: 8390: 8389: 8385: 8383: 8382: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8373:Ligabuesaurus 8370: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8353: 8352: 8348: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8339: 8338: 8334: 8332: 8331: 8327: 8325: 8324: 8320: 8318: 8317: 8316:Chubutisaurus 8313: 8311: 8310: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8292: 8290: 8289: 8285: 8283: 8282: 8278: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8270: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8247: 8245: 8244: 8240: 8238: 8237: 8233: 8231: 8230: 8226: 8224: 8223: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8204: 8202: 8201: 8197: 8195: 8194: 8193:Brachiosaurus 8190: 8188: 8187: 8183: 8181: 8180: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8167: 8160: 8159: 8155: 8153: 8152: 8148: 8146: 8145: 8141: 8139: 8138: 8134: 8132: 8131: 8130:Fushanosaurus 8127: 8125: 8124: 8120: 8118: 8117: 8113: 8111: 8110: 8106: 8105: 8102: 8099: 8096: 8091: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8060: 8054: 8053: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8041: 8039: 8038: 8034: 8031: 8030: 8026: 8024: 8023: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8014:Bashunosaurus 8011: 8009: 8008: 8004: 8002: 8001: 7997: 7996: 7993: 7989: 7986: 7983: 7978: 7974: 7970: 7965: 7961: 7952: 7947: 7917: 7916: 7912: 7910: 7909: 7905: 7903: 7902: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7876: 7874: 7873: 7869: 7867: 7866: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7853: 7847: 7846: 7842: 7839: 7838: 7837:Atlantosaurus 7834: 7832: 7831: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7813:Apatosaurinae 7810: 7807: 7805: 7801: 7795: 7794: 7790: 7788: 7787: 7783: 7781: 7780: 7779:Smitanosaurus 7776: 7774: 7773: 7769: 7767: 7766: 7762: 7760: 7759: 7755: 7752: 7751: 7750:Dyslocosaurus 7747: 7745: 7744: 7743:Dicraeosaurus 7740: 7738: 7737: 7733: 7731: 7730: 7726: 7724: 7723: 7722:Amargatitanis 7719: 7717: 7716: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7694: 7680: 7679: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7666: 7665: 7661: 7659: 7658: 7657:Katepensaurus 7654: 7652: 7651: 7650:Itapeuasaurus 7647: 7645: 7644: 7643:Demandasaurus 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7624: 7623: 7619: 7617: 7616: 7612: 7610: 7609: 7608:Cathartesaura 7605: 7604: 7602: 7600: 7599:Limaysaurinae 7596: 7593: 7591: 7587: 7581: 7580: 7576: 7574: 7573: 7569: 7567: 7566: 7562: 7560: 7559: 7555: 7552: 7551: 7547: 7545: 7544: 7540: 7538: 7537: 7536:Histriasaurus 7533: 7530: 7529: 7528:Dzharatitanis 7525: 7523: 7522: 7521:Comahuesaurus 7518: 7516: 7515: 7511: 7509: 7508: 7504: 7502: 7501: 7497: 7496: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7484: 7481: 7478: 7473: 7467: 7466: 7462: 7461: 7458: 7455: 7452: 7451:Diplodocoidea 7447: 7443: 7439: 7438:Diplodocoidea 7434: 7430: 7421: 7417: 7415: 7409: 7401: 7378: 7377: 7373: 7371: 7370: 7366: 7364: 7363: 7359: 7357: 7356: 7355:Gigantosaurus 7352: 7350: 7349: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7338: 7336: 7335: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7296: 7292: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7279:Diplodocoidea 7276: 7273: 7271: 7267: 7261: 7260: 7256: 7254: 7253: 7249: 7247: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7234: 7231: 7230: 7226: 7224: 7223: 7222:Narindasaurus 7219: 7217: 7216: 7212: 7210: 7209: 7205: 7203: 7202: 7201:Losillasaurus 7198: 7195: 7194: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7174: 7172: 7171: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7152: 7151: 7150:Zigongosaurus 7147: 7145: 7144: 7143:Yuanmousaurus 7140: 7138: 7137: 7136:Xinjiangtitan 7133: 7131: 7130: 7129:Wamweracaudia 7126: 7124: 7123: 7122:Tonganosaurus 7119: 7117: 7116: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7091: 7089: 7088: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7079:Klamelisaurus 7076: 7074: 7073: 7069: 7067: 7066: 7062: 7060: 7059: 7058:Huangshanlong 7055: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7040: 7038: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7018: 7016: 7015: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7006: 7002: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6977:Ferganasaurus 6974: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6954:Cetiosauridae 6951: 6945: 6944: 6940: 6938: 6937: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6919: 6917: 6916: 6912: 6910: 6909: 6905: 6903: 6902: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6891: 6889: 6888: 6884: 6882: 6881: 6877: 6875: 6874: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6863: 6861: 6860: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6840: 6839: 6835: 6834: 6831: 6828: 6825: 6820: 6810: 6809: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6801:Tazoudasaurus 6798: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6789: 6782: 6781: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6758:Ohmdenosaurus 6755: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6721: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6692: 6690: 6689: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6676: 6669: 6668: 6664: 6662: 6661: 6660:Schleitheimia 6657: 6655: 6654: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6637:Leonerasaurus 6634: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6609:Blikanasaurus 6606: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6598: 6595: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6567: 6563: 6553: 6548: 6546: 6541: 6535: 6494: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6465: 6463: 6462: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6451: 6449: 6448: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6440:Leonerasaurus 6437: 6435: 6434: 6433:Lamplughsaura 6430: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6414: 6413: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6402: 6401: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6381:Yunnanosaurus 6378: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6347: 6346: 6342: 6339: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6321: 6314: 6313: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6295: 6293: 6292: 6288: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6277:Lufengosaurus 6274: 6272: 6271: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6218: 6216: 6215: 6214:Eucnemesaurus 6211: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6205:Riojasauridae 6202: 6196: 6195: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6134: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6087:Euskelosaurus 6084: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6057: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6035: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6018: 6017: 6013: 6011: 6010: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5984: 5983: 5979: 5977: 5976: 5972: 5970: 5969: 5965: 5963: 5962: 5961:Bagualosaurus 5958: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5940: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5929:Bagualosauria 5925: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5897:Pampadromaeus 5894: 5892: 5891: 5887: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5858:Saturnaliidae 5855: 5849: 5848: 5844: 5842: 5841: 5840:Pampadromaeus 5837: 5835: 5834: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5823: 5821: 5820: 5819:Gigantoscelus 5816: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5801: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5770: 5766: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5726: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5640: 5635: 5633: 5628: 5626: 5621: 5620: 5617: 5611: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5589: 5586: 5581: 5577: 5574: 5569: 5565: 5564: 5552: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5501: 5493: 5486: 5478: 5475:(in German). 5474: 5467: 5465: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5383: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5332: 5323: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5291: 5283: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5242: 5240: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5208: 5202: 5198: 5193: 5192: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5140: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5101: 5093: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5072: 5064: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5031: 5024: 5022: 5013: 5007: 5003: 4996: 4994: 4985: 4979: 4975: 4968: 4966: 4957: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4941: 4932: 4930: 4921: 4917: 4910: 4908: 4899: 4895: 4894:Palaeontology 4888: 4886: 4877: 4874:(in German). 4873: 4869: 4865: 4858: 4851:: lxvi–lxvii. 4850: 4847:(in German). 4846: 4839: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4804:(in German). 4803: 4799: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4779: 4776:(in German). 4775: 4771: 4764: 4757:(4): 270–277. 4756: 4753:(in German). 4752: 4745: 4736: 4733:(in German). 4732: 4728: 4721: 4713: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4692: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4665: 4657: 4654:(in German). 4653: 4649: 4642: 4634: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4608: 4604: 4596: 4588: 4584: 4577: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4550: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4519: 4511: 4508:(in German). 4507: 4503: 4496: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4439: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4408:Palaeontology 4405: 4403: 4394: 4386: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4365: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4261: 4254: 4246: 4240: 4236: 4229: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4186: 4178: 4174: 4172: 4169:"The digital 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4015: 4012:"The digital 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3947: 3941: 3937: 3932: 3931: 3922: 3915:(2): 435–502. 3914: 3910: 3906: 3899: 3897: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3765: 3762:(in German). 3761: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3719: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3656: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3565: 3557: 3551: 3547: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3521: 3513: 3510:(in German). 3509: 3505: 3498: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3467: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3406: 3398: 3397: 3388: 3380: 3379: 3370: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3349: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3286:Palaeontology 3283: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3247: 3244:(in German). 3243: 3239: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3178: 3171: 3169: 3160: 3156: 3149: 3142: 3134: 3130: 3129: 3121: 3113: 3110:(in German). 3109: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3089:(2): 139–179. 3088: 3084: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3016:(in German). 3015: 3011: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2985: 2981: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2877: 2874:(in German). 2873: 2869: 2865: 2863: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2817: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2763: 2749: 2740: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2704: 2695: 2686: 2677: 2668: 2659: 2650: 2641: 2632: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2596: 2587: 2578: 2569: 2560: 2551: 2542: 2533: 2524: 2515: 2506: 2497: 2488: 2484: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2370:Proganochelys 2367: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2319: 2314: 2308:Palaeoecology 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2294:scleral rings 2290: 2288: 2284: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2251: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2188: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2111:cursors, the 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1991:quadrupedally 1987: 1984: 1980: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1953:Palaeobiology 1945: 1944: 1936: 1935: 1927: 1926: 1918: 1917: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1881: 1880: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1861: 1860: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1845: 1844:Lufengosaurus 1838: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1827: 1820: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1795: 1794: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1756:Eucnemesaurus 1750: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1733: 1732: 1725: 1724:Riojasauridae 1722: 1721: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1674: 1667: 1666: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1647: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1585:and possibly 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1497: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1377:and the oval 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1361:The skull of 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1301: 1296: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1276:Knollenmergel 1273: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1158:and eight of 1157: 1153: 1150:and seven of 1149: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1128: 1124: 1123:P. quenstedti 1120: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1006: 999: 994: 988:Valid species 985: 983: 979: 974: 971: 967: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 908: 903: 900: 896: 892: 891: 887: 886:Ancient Greek 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 851: 847: 842: 833: 831: 827: 823: 818: 816: 812: 808: 803: 801: 797: 793: 788: 786: 782: 778: 774: 769: 767: 766: 761: 757: 753: 749: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 723: 721: 717: 713: 708: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 666: 662: 658: 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 639: 638:Proganochelys 634: 633: 632:Liliensternus 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 608:Saxony-Anhalt 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 584: 582: 578: 574: 573:type specimen 570: 567: 563: 559: 551: 546: 537: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 511: 506: 503: 499: 495: 493: 489: 485: 480: 476: 472: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 436: 431: 427: 426:"prosauropod" 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 404: 400: 397: 393: 389: 385: 384: 370: 367: 362: 359: 358: 356: 353: 349: 342: 337: 336: 329: 324: 323: 316: 311: 310: 303: 302: 300: 295: 288: 287: 279: 276: 272: 267: 262: 261: 254: 251: 250: 247: 241: 238: 237: 234: 228: 225: 222: 221: 218: 215: 212: 209: 208: 205: 202: 199: 196: 195: 192: 189: 186: 185: 182: 179: 176: 175: 172: 169: 166: 165: 160: 155: 151: 147: 144: 140: 136: 131: 127: 122: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 54: 51:227–204 47: 43: 42:Late Triassic 37: 33: 30: 19: 10223: 10155: 10086: 10009:Plateosaurus 9979:Plateosaurus 9978: 9899: 9873:Titanosaurus 9871: 9863: 9856: 9848: 9843:Loricosaurus 9841: 9836:Iuticosaurus 9834: 9827: 9820: 9813: 9805: 9773:Yamanasaurus 9771: 9764: 9757: 9750: 9743: 9735: 9728: 9720: 9714:Abditosaurus 9712: 9691: 9684: 9676: 9669: 9661: 9653: 9646: 9640:Abditosaurus 9638: 9617: 9610: 9602: 9595: 9572:Tapuiasaurus 9570: 9562: 9555: 9535: 9530:Titanomachya 9528: 9521: 9499:Puertasaurus 9497: 9490: 9485:Notocolossus 9483: 9476: 9470:Jiangxititan 9468: 9461: 9453: 9448:Drusilasaura 9446: 9439: 9432:Lognkosauria 9415: 9408: 9401: 9394: 9387: 9380: 9373: 9366:Aeolosaurini 9355:Rinconsaurus 9353: 9346: 9339: 9332: 9324: 9317: 9306:Rinconsauria 9293: 9287:Tengrisaurus 9285: 9280:Quetecsaurus 9278: 9271: 9263: 9256: 9249: 9242: 9235: 9211: 9204: 9170: 9163: 9158:Lohuecotitan 9156: 9149: 9144:Garrigatitan 9142: 9135: 9130:Ampelosaurus 9128: 9103: 9096: 9089: 9084:Uberabatitan 9082: 9077:Sonidosaurus 9075: 9068: 9061: 9054: 9048:Tengrisaurus 9046: 9038: 9031: 9024: 9019:Rapetosaurus 9017: 9010: 9003: 8995: 8988: 8981: 8974: 8967: 8960: 8955:Malawisaurus 8953: 8945: 8938: 8930: 8923: 8916: 8909: 8901: 8896:Huabeisaurus 8894: 8887: 8880: 8872: 8865: 8857: 8850: 8843: 8838:Choconsaurus 8836: 8831:Brasilotitan 8829: 8822: 8814: 8806: 8799: 8792: 8785: 8780:Atacamatitan 8778: 8773:Argyrosaurus 8771: 8764: 8756: 8749: 8741: 8736:Abdarainurus 8734: 8718:Titanosauria 8705:Titanosauria 8674: 8633:Titanosauria 8617:Wintonotitan 8615: 8608: 8601: 8594: 8587: 8563: 8558:Yongjinglong 8556: 8549: 8544:Tambatitanis 8542: 8535: 8528: 8521: 8513: 8508:Huanghetitan 8506: 8501:Huabeisaurus 8499: 8492: 8487:Gannansaurus 8485: 8478: 8471: 8465:Chiayusaurus 8463: 8455: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8414: 8407: 8400: 8393: 8386: 8379: 8371: 8364: 8359:Jiutaisaurus 8357: 8351:Jiangxititan 8349: 8344:Garumbatitan 8342: 8335: 8328: 8323:Dongbeititan 8321: 8314: 8307: 8300: 8295:Austrosaurus 8293: 8286: 8279: 8272: 8248: 8243:Venenosaurus 8241: 8234: 8229:Sonorasaurus 8227: 8220: 8215:Giraffatitan 8213: 8205: 8200:Cedarosaurus 8198: 8191: 8184: 8177: 8156: 8151:Pelorosaurus 8149: 8142: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8114: 8107: 8077: 8072:Camarasaurus 8070: 8050: 8044:Haestasaurus 8042: 8037:Europasaurus 8035: 8027: 8020: 8012: 8005: 7998: 7913: 7906: 7899: 7891: 7884: 7877: 7870: 7863: 7856:Diplodocinae 7845:Brontosaurus 7843: 7835: 7828: 7822:Amphicoelias 7820: 7804:Diplodocidae 7791: 7784: 7777: 7770: 7763: 7756: 7748: 7741: 7734: 7729:Bajadasaurus 7727: 7720: 7715:Amargasaurus 7713: 7676: 7669: 7662: 7655: 7648: 7641: 7622:Rayososaurus 7620: 7613: 7606: 7579:Zapalasaurus 7577: 7572:Xenoposeidon 7570: 7563: 7556: 7548: 7541: 7534: 7526: 7519: 7514:Campananeyen 7512: 7507:Amazonsaurus 7505: 7498: 7463: 7404: 7374: 7367: 7360: 7353: 7346: 7339: 7332: 7270:Neosauropoda 7257: 7250: 7243: 7235: 7227: 7220: 7213: 7206: 7199: 7191: 7185:Haestasaurus 7183: 7175: 7168: 7148: 7141: 7134: 7127: 7120: 7113: 7106: 7099: 7092: 7085: 7077: 7070: 7063: 7056: 7049: 7041: 7034: 7026: 7019: 7012: 6993:Patagosaurus 6991: 6983: 6975: 6968: 6961: 6943:Volkheimeria 6941: 6934: 6927: 6920: 6915:Perijasaurus 6913: 6908:Nebulasaurus 6906: 6899: 6892: 6887:Dystrophaeus 6885: 6878: 6871: 6864: 6859:Barapasaurus 6857: 6850: 6845:Asiatosaurus 6843: 6836: 6806: 6799: 6778: 6770: 6765:Rhoetosaurus 6763: 6756: 6749: 6741: 6709:Lessemsaurus 6707: 6700: 6693: 6688:Antetonitrus 6686: 6665: 6658: 6651: 6643: 6635: 6628: 6621: 6614: 6607: 6600: 6537: 6473: 6466: 6459: 6452: 6445: 6438: 6431: 6424: 6417: 6410: 6403: 6379: 6374:Yizhousaurus 6372: 6364: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6335: 6310: 6303: 6296: 6289: 6282: 6275: 6268: 6262:Ignavusaurus 6260: 6253: 6246: 6239: 6219: 6212: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6171: 6166:Ignavusaurus 6164: 6157: 6150: 6122:Yimenosaurus 6120: 6115:Plateosaurus 6114: 6113: 6106: 6099: 6092: 6085: 6067:Xixiposaurus 6065: 6058: 6051: 6039:Plateosauria 6021: 6014: 6007: 6000:Unaysauridae 5987: 5980: 5973: 5966: 5959: 5952: 5945: 5911: 5903: 5895: 5888: 5881: 5873: 5865: 5845: 5838: 5831: 5826:Guaibasaurus 5824: 5817: 5810: 5803: 5689: 5680: 5605:Plateosaurus 5604: 5593:Plateosaurus 5592: 5585:Plateosaurus 5573:Plateosaurus 5514: 5510: 5500: 5491: 5485: 5476: 5472: 5451:. Retrieved 5446: 5437: 5396: 5392: 5382: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5304: 5300: 5290: 5255: 5251: 5229: 5225: 5215: 5190: 5182: 5149: 5146:Paleobiology 5145: 5139: 5114: 5110: 5100: 5081: 5078:Plateosaurus 5077: 5071: 5052: 5048: 5045:Plateosaurus 5044: 5038: 5029: 5001: 4973: 4939: 4919: 4915: 4897: 4893: 4875: 4871: 4868:Plateosaurus 4867: 4864:Plateosaurus 4863: 4857: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4805: 4801: 4777: 4773: 4763: 4754: 4750: 4744: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4655: 4651: 4641: 4632: 4628: 4615: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4509: 4505: 4495: 4460: 4456: 4446: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4393: 4374: 4370: 4364: 4323: 4319: 4266: 4253: 4234: 4228: 4198:(1): 75–89. 4195: 4191: 4185: 4176: 4171:Plateosaurus 4170: 4118: 4114: 4111:Plateosaurus 4110: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4023: 4019: 4014:Plateosaurus 4013: 3979: 3974: 3929: 3921: 3912: 3908: 3905:Plateosaurus 3904: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3867:Plateosaurus 3866: 3860: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3840:Plateosaurus 3839: 3833: 3824: 3820: 3817:Plateosaurus 3816: 3810: 3801: 3797: 3794:Plateosaurus 3793: 3763: 3759: 3723: 3718:Plateosaurus 3717: 3671: 3667: 3621: 3617: 3608: 3599: 3594: 3587: 3579:the original 3574: 3564: 3545: 3539: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3511: 3507: 3497: 3487:– via 3476: 3460: 3452:the original 3447: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3394: 3387: 3376: 3369: 3360: 3355: 3348: 3337:. Retrieved 3333: 3324: 3289: 3285: 3245: 3241: 3231: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3187: 3183: 3158: 3154: 3141: 3133:The Jurassic 3132: 3127: 3120: 3111: 3107: 3086: 3082: 3017: 3013: 2983: 2980:Plateosaurus 2979: 2935: 2931: 2928:Plateosaurus 2927: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2861: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2815: 2748: 2739: 2730: 2721: 2712: 2703: 2694: 2685: 2676: 2667: 2658: 2649: 2640: 2631: 2622: 2613: 2604: 2595: 2586: 2577: 2568: 2559: 2550: 2541: 2532: 2523: 2514: 2505: 2496: 2487: 2467: 2458:Plateosaurus 2457: 2447: 2434:Plateosaurus 2433: 2426: 2422:Plateosaurus 2421: 2409:Plateosaurus 2408: 2406: 2397:Plateosaurus 2396: 2392: 2378:Plateosaurus 2377: 2374:Plateosaurus 2373: 2369: 2361:Plateosaurus 2360: 2354: 2345:Plateosaurus 2344: 2337:P. longiceps 2336: 2332: 2324: 2323: 2317: 2298:Plateosaurus 2297: 2291: 2287:Plateosaurus 2286: 2279: 2275:Plateosaurus 2274: 2271:Plateosaurus 2270: 2267:Plateosaurus 2266: 2258:Plateosaurus 2257: 2256: 2220:Plateosaurus 2219: 2217: 2212:Plateosaurus 2211: 2200: 2182: 2179:Plateosaurus 2178: 2167:Plateosaurus 2166: 2164: 2156:Plateosaurus 2155: 2145: 2129:Plateosaurus 2128: 2125:Plateosaurus 2124: 2115:of the limb 2097:Plateosaurus 2096: 2095: 2091:Plateosaurus 2090: 2081:Plateosaurus 2080: 2065:Plateosaurus 2064: 2057:Plateosaurus 2056: 2054: 2044: 2030:Plateosaurus 2029: 2026:Plateosaurus 2025: 2023: 2019:Plateosaurus 2018: 2015:Plateosaurus 2014: 1979:Plateosaurus 1978: 1976: 1970: 1901: 1885: 1884: 1842: 1841: 1824: 1823: 1799: 1798: 1754: 1753: 1737: 1736: 1690:Plateosaurus 1689: 1688: 1687: 1671: 1670: 1646:Plateosauria 1628: 1623: 1619: 1607: 1597:Plateosaurus 1596: 1592: 1591:. Of these, 1586: 1582: 1579:Plateosaurus 1578: 1571:anchisaurids 1563:monophyletic 1555:Prosauropoda 1542:Hylaeosaurus 1540: 1536:Megalosaurus 1534: 1528: 1525:Plateosaurus 1524: 1501:Plateosaurus 1500: 1493: 1490:monophyletic 1486:prosauropods 1478:Plateosaurus 1477: 1476: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1455:Plateosaurus 1454: 1451:type species 1448: 1440:Plateosaurus 1439: 1424:Plateosaurus 1423: 1419: 1416: 1411:Plateosaurus 1410: 1395:Plateosaurus 1394: 1363:Plateosaurus 1362: 1360: 1354:skull cast, 1351: 1342:Plateosaurus 1341: 1338:Plateosaurus 1337: 1318:Plateosaurus 1317: 1306:Plateosaurus 1305: 1304: 1299: 1284:Plateosaurus 1283: 1280:Plateosaurus 1279: 1272:Plateosaurus 1271: 1269: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248:Plateosaurus 1247: 1245: 1241:Plateosaurus 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1207:, including 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1164:Plateosaurus 1163: 1160:Plateosaurus 1159: 1155: 1152:Plateosaurus 1151: 1147: 1143:P. longiceps 1142: 1138: 1135:Plateosaurus 1134: 1132: 1127:P. longiceps 1126: 1122: 1118: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1094: 1090:Plateosaurus 1089: 1084: 1081:paraphyletic 1076: 1074: 1069: 1063: 1059: 1056:Plateosaurus 1055: 1051: 1043: 1039: 1036:Plateosaurus 1035: 1031: 1027: 1020:Plateosaurus 1019: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1005:Plateosaurus 1004: 1002: 997: 982:Plateosaurus 981: 977: 975: 970:Plateosaurus 969: 966:Plateosaurus 965: 963: 959:Megalosaurus 958: 954: 947:Plateosaurus 946: 944: 940:Plateosaurus 939: 935: 932:Plateosaurus 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 905: 901: 894: 888: 881: 877: 874:Plateosaurus 873: 862:Plateosaurus 861: 860:of the name 855: 821: 819: 810: 806: 804: 791: 789: 772: 770: 763: 756:Plateosaurus 755: 752:Plateosaurus 751: 727:oil platform 724: 719: 712:Plateosaurus 711: 709: 692: 685:Plateosaurus 684: 677:Black Forest 673:Plateosaurus 672: 670: 665:Plateosaurus 664: 660: 642: 636: 630: 624:Plateosaurus 623: 588:Plateosaurus 587: 585: 581:Plateosaurus 580: 577:Plateosaurus 576: 555: 550:Plateosaurus 549: 534:Plateosaurus 533: 518:Plateosaurus 517: 515: 510:Plateosaurus 509: 498:Plateosaurus 497: 496: 487: 479:Richard Owen 475:Plateosaurus 474: 468: 455: 452:P. longiceps 451: 447: 439: 434: 433: 430:type species 414:Plateosaurus 413: 396:plateosaurid 383:Plateosaurus 382: 381: 380: 368: 361:Dimodosaurus 360: 341:nomen dubium 340: 334: 333: 322:P. longiceps 321: 320: 308: 307: 285: 284: 275:Type species 260:Plateosaurus 259: 258: 223: 210: 197: 134: 36:Plateosaurus 35: 29: 10111:Wikispecies 10003:Wikispecies 9858:Microcoelus 9766:Saltasaurus 9752:Paralititan 9648:Alamosaurus 9537:Udelartitan 9492:Patagotitan 9389:Bravasaurus 9382:Arrudatitan 9375:Aeolosaurus 9341:Overosaurus 9273:Jainosaurus 9251:Bonitasaura 9172:Paludititan 9063:Traukutitan 8758:Angolatitan 8565:Yunmenglong 8530:Qiaowanlong 8423:Sibirotitan 8388:Oceanotitan 8330:Europatitan 8309:Brontomerus 8302:Brohisaurus 8274:Angolatitan 8207:Galvesaurus 8179:Abydosaurus 8144:Ornithopsis 8137:Fusuisaurus 8123:Eucamerotus 8022:Daanosaurus 8007:Aragosaurus 7908:Supersaurus 7830:Apatosaurus 7793:Tharosaurus 7664:Nigersaurus 7615:Limaysaurus 7376:Ultrasaurus 7252:Turiasaurus 7215:Moabosaurus 7208:Mierasaurus 7177:Bellusaurus 7161:Turiasauria 7101:Qijianglong 7065:Hudiesaurus 7043:Datousaurus 6963:Cetiosaurus 6922:Shunosaurus 6866:Bellusaurus 6838:Algoasaurus 6824:Eusauropoda 6772:Sanpasaurus 6725:Gravisauria 6645:Pulanesaura 6630:Isanosaurus 6602:Amygdalodon 6468:Pulanesaura 6426:Irisosaurus 6412:Anchisaurus 6392:Anchisauria 6366:Xingxiulong 6312:Xingxiulong 6305:Sarahsaurus 6221:Riojasaurus 6187:Sarahsaurus 6173:Kholumolumo 6016:Macrocollum 5954:Asylosaurus 5890:Nhandumirim 5867:Buriolestes 5833:Mbiresaurus 5805:Buriolestes 4878:(1): 16–30. 4402:Anchisaurus 3190:: 117–123. 3020:: 155–215. 2285:series for 2283:ontogenetic 2238:rate (i.e. 2171:gastroliths 2113:moment arms 2011:lagerstätte 1995:plantigrade 1983:digitigrade 1903:Anchisauria 1739:Riojasaurus 1593:Sellosaurus 1583:Sellosaurus 1444:endothermic 1330:digitigrade 1290:Description 1148:Pachysaurus 1077:P. gracilis 1070:Sellosaurus 1032:Sellosaurus 1016:Sellosaurus 998:P. gracilis 916:Platysaurus 850:Otto Jaekel 811:P. gracilis 796:postcranium 737:within the 699:or Swabian 647:Otto Jaekel 610:, Germany; 604:Halberstadt 558:Heroldsberg 456:P. gracilis 369:Sellosaurus 309:P. gracilis 291:Fraas, 1913 10230:Categories 9759:Rocasaurus 9686:Qunkasaura 9655:Baurutitan 9417:Shingopana 9244:Baalsaurus 9091:Volgatitan 9026:Rukwatitan 8990:Nullotitan 8976:Ninjatitan 8911:Kaijutitan 8882:Gandititan 8845:Daxiatitan 8808:Baurutitan 8751:Andesaurus 8642:see below↓ 8337:Fukuititan 8281:Arkharavia 8236:Soriatitan 8186:Atlasaurus 8158:Rugocaudia 8116:Duriatitan 8052:Yuzhoulong 8000:Abrosaurus 7982:Macronaria 7969:Macronaria 7893:Kaatedocus 7886:Galeamopus 7879:Diplodocus 7865:Barosaurus 7772:Pilmatueia 7765:Lingwulong 7758:Kaatedocus 7678:Tataouinea 7590:Khebbashia 7565:Sidersaura 7295:Macronaria 7245:Tendaguria 7229:Oplosaurus 7193:Janenschia 7094:Omeisaurus 6970:Chebsaurus 6894:Janenschia 6808:Vulcanodon 6751:Kotasaurus 6702:Ledumahadi 6495:see below↓ 6454:Meroktenos 6270:Leyesaurus 6159:Gyposaurus 6023:Unaysaurus 5982:Pantydraco 5947:Arcusaurus 5913:Saturnalia 5746:see below↓ 5694:Dinosauria 5676:Sauropsida 5492:Uni Zürich 5479:: 129–160. 5453:5 February 5232:(1): 1–16. 4900:: 801–812. 4658:: 345–349. 4512:: 278–285. 4179:. 13.2.8A. 3854:: 167–183. 3827:: 119–159. 3804:: 139–171. 3514:: 278–285. 3489:Wikisource 3339:2020-11-30 3161:: 245–282. 3114:: 103–116. 2759:References 2302:cathemeral 2263:endothermy 2240:ectothermy 2234:and a low 2136:retraction 2105:metatarsus 2034:Wellnhofer 1997:feet, and 1986:bipedality 1673:Unaysaurus 1635:cladograms 1588:Unaysaurus 1559:cladistics 1517:Pachypodes 1509:type genus 1484:known as " 1482:herbivores 1383:premaxilla 1336:show that 1334:metatarsus 930:, so that 716:taphonomic 612:Trossingen 522:geological 217:Saurischia 204:Dinosauria 148:, Germany 10171:Q23901966 10102:Q96978713 9722:Bonatitan 9604:Isisaurus 9410:Punatitan 8889:Hamititan 8867:Elaltitan 8816:Bonatitan 8537:Silutitan 8494:Gobititan 8480:Euhelopus 8222:Lusotitan 7915:Tornieria 7901:Leinkupal 7786:Suuwassea 7500:Agustinia 7348:Dinodocus 7341:Cardiodon 7072:Jingiella 7021:Anhuilong 6584:Sauropoda 6571:Sauropoda 6486:Sauropoda 6461:Mussaurus 6419:Camelotia 6298:Pradhania 6138:Massopoda 5905:Panphagia 5847:Panphagia 5662:Kingdom: 5610:Sketchfab 5598:Sketchfab 5533:1932-6203 5429:140631837 5421:1867-1608 5131:0021-8782 4780:(1): 2–4. 4438:140535438 4143:129780483 4073:0272-4634 3688:0007-5167 3646:241466052 3638:0007-5167 3034:128404687 2832:: 1–186. 2462:theropods 2366:theropods 2357:taphonomy 2351:Taphonomy 2236:metabolic 2199:Mount of 2121:calcaneum 2117:extending 2109:mammalian 2101:cursorial 2069:pronating 2007:zoologist 1713:Massopoda 1631:phylogeny 1551:Theropoda 1530:Iguanodon 1436:histology 1326:clavicles 1237:G. ingens 955:Iguanodon 858:etymology 836:Etymology 785:lectotype 768:in 2021. 743:sandstone 735:North Sea 695:(Swabian 562:Nuremberg 530:taphonomy 505:herbivore 490:(Swabian 266:von Meyer 177:Kingdom: 171:Eukaryota 10165:Wikidata 10096:Wikidata 9988:Wikidata 9730:Ibirania 9396:Caieiria 9206:Inawentu 8409:Ruixinia 8250:Vouivria 8109:Astrodon 7362:Neosodon 6852:Bagualia 6695:Ingentia 6405:Aardonyx 6352:Qianlong 6180:Musankwa 6152:Gryponyx 6060:Ruehleia 5975:Nambalia 5968:Efraasia 5875:Eoraptor 5812:Eoraptor 5670:Chordata 5668:Phylum: 5664:Animalia 5551:39083447 5542:11290664 5511:PLOS ONE 5374:33253407 5366:21493820 5282:17254987 5174:87909015 4830:33390136 4737:: 1–419. 4677:: 1–24. 4629:Postilla 4609:: 1–183. 4487:20926438 4356:19132660 4348:16357257 4289:Archived 4285:54750930 4220:23630252 4212:11226016 4089:85679726 3766:: 1–361. 3740:55272856 3696:82310885 3424:61816316 3316:86801904 3217:: 1–25. 3192:Archived 3128:Der Jura 3038:Archived 2870:)]. 2838:54854853 2470:chevrons 2208:Tübingen 2003:kangaroo 1606:Mounted 1565:groups ( 1169:syntypes 1065:Efraasia 697:lindworm 628:theropod 620:clay pit 492:lindworm 464:synonyms 460:taxonomy 420:(early) 403:Triassic 399:dinosaur 352:Synonyms 239:Family: 191:Chordata 187:Phylum: 181:Animalia 167:Domain: 146:Tübingen 10198:4946925 10185:4967200 10131:4967203 10049:1409143 10036:3239102 10023:4531216 9994:Q131046 8766:Arackar 7170:Amanzia 7014:Analong 6901:Jobaria 6359:Seitaad 5674:Class: 5401:Bibcode 5346:Bibcode 5338:Science 5309:Bibcode 5273:2197205 5154:Bibcode 4870:]. 4810:Bibcode 4671:Zootaxa 4478:3049036 4416:Bibcode 4328:Bibcode 4320:Science 4123:Bibcode 4081:4524460 3294:Bibcode 2940:Bibcode 2175:gizzard 2160:carrion 2152:iguanas 1847: 1829: 1804: 1788: 1726: 1715: 1660: 1648: 1521:synonym 1507:as the 1391:dentary 1387:maxilla 957:and to 878:plateos 870:πλᾰτῠ́ς 729:of the 596:Pegnitz 502:bipedal 252:Genus: 10062:269287 9295:Vahiny 9056:Tiamat 8473:Erketu 6291:Ngwevu 5549: 5539: 5531: 5427: 5419: 5372: 5364: 5280: 5270: 5203: 5172: 5129: 5088: 5059: 5008: 4980: 4952: 4948:–258. 4828: 4708: 4485: 4475: 4436: 4404:Marsh" 4381: 4354: 4346: 4283: 4241: 4218: 4210: 4141: 4087: 4079: 4071: 3942: 3738: 3694: 3686: 3644: 3636: 3552: 3469: 3422: 3330:"PBDB" 3314: 3032: 2878:: 316. 2836: 2224:extant 2073:radius 2061:Bonnan 1967:Dorsal 1784: 1711: 1656: 1644: 1567:clades 1513:Sauria 1494:basal 1024:Keuper 936:πλατυς 928:πλατυς 924:platys 920:πλατυς 912:sauros 907:σαυρος 882:platys 781:sacrum 701:dragon 689:Swabia 592:Neckar 500:was a 484:Swabia 428:. The 406:period 388:lizard 268:, 1837 46:Norian 10211:64684 10144:54996 10075:38644 10044:IRMNG 5690:Clade 5681:Clade 5425:S2CID 5370:S2CID 5199:–78. 5170:S2CID 4918:[ 4826:S2CID 4625:(PDF) 4434:S2CID 4352:S2CID 4292:(PDF) 4281:S2CID 4263:(PDF) 4216:S2CID 4139:S2CID 4085:S2CID 4077:JSTOR 3978:[ 3736:S2CID 3692:S2CID 3642:S2CID 3598:[ 3529:[ 3414:[ 3359:[ 3312:S2CID 3195:(PDF) 3180:(PDF) 3151:(PDF) 3131:[ 3041:(PDF) 3030:S2CID 2820:[ 2480:Notes 2401:Frick 2148:crown 1428:avian 1379:naris 1371:orbit 899:Latin 895:platê 890:πλατη 600:Frick 560:near 418:basal 416:is a 392:genus 224:Clade 211:Clade 198:Clade 10180:GBIF 10126:GBIF 10031:GBIF 9597:Igai 6101:Issi 5723:see 5547:PMID 5529:ISSN 5455:2023 5417:ISSN 5362:PMID 5278:PMID 5201:ISBN 5127:ISSN 5086:ISBN 5057:ISBN 5047:and 5006:ISBN 4978:ISBN 4950:ISBN 4706:ISBN 4510:1845 4483:PMID 4379:ISBN 4344:PMID 4239:ISBN 4208:PMID 4069:ISSN 3940:ISBN 3684:ISSN 3634:ISSN 3550:ISBN 3512:1845 3420:OCLC 2876:1837 2834:OCLC 2355:The 2335:and 2133:limb 2077:ulna 2075:and 1539:and 1449:The 1442:was 1231:and 1187:and 1125:and 1107:and 1099:and 1042:and 902:pala 856:The 765:Issi 710:The 594:and 524:and 454:and 444:ICZN 59:PreꞒ 10018:EoL 7259:Zby 5608:at 5596:at 5537:PMC 5519:doi 5409:doi 5354:doi 5342:332 5317:doi 5268:PMC 5260:doi 5256:274 5162:doi 5119:doi 5115:242 4946:232 4818:doi 4679:doi 4675:690 4633:169 4564:doi 4537:doi 4473:PMC 4465:doi 4461:278 4424:doi 4336:doi 4324:310 4271:doi 4200:doi 4131:doi 4113:". 4061:doi 4051:". 4028:doi 3936:524 3883:doi 3879:216 3728:doi 3676:doi 3626:doi 3481:doi 3475:". 3302:doi 3219:doi 3022:doi 2982:". 2948:doi 2246:). 2059:by 1457:is 1453:of 1171:of 1141:or 1058:as 1054:in 848:by 614:in 606:in 494:). 432:is 394:of 48:), 10232:: 10208:: 10195:: 10182:: 10167:: 10141:: 10128:: 10113:: 10098:: 10072:: 10059:: 10046:: 10033:: 10020:: 10005:: 9990:: 5692:: 5683:: 5545:. 5535:. 5527:. 5515:19 5513:. 5509:. 5477:89 5463:^ 5445:. 5423:. 5415:. 5407:. 5397:94 5395:. 5391:. 5368:. 5360:. 5352:. 5340:. 5315:. 5303:. 5299:. 5276:. 5266:. 5254:. 5250:. 5238:^ 5230:52 5228:. 5224:. 5197:42 5168:. 5160:. 5150:16 5148:. 5125:. 5113:. 5109:. 5020:^ 4992:^ 4964:^ 4928:^ 4906:^ 4898:39 4896:. 4884:^ 4876:18 4849:68 4824:. 4816:. 4786:^ 4778:64 4772:. 4755:62 4673:. 4656:57 4631:. 4627:. 4607:22 4560:17 4558:. 4533:50 4531:. 4527:. 4481:. 4471:. 4459:. 4455:. 4432:. 4422:. 4412:53 4410:. 4406:. 4350:. 4342:. 4334:. 4322:. 4300:^ 4287:. 4279:. 4265:. 4214:. 4206:. 4196:74 4194:. 4175:. 4151:^ 4137:. 4129:. 4119:70 4117:. 4097:^ 4083:. 4075:. 4067:. 4057:25 4055:. 4024:55 4022:. 4018:. 3988:^ 3954:^ 3938:. 3913:20 3911:. 3895:^ 3877:. 3852:20 3850:. 3842:(= 3825:19 3823:. 3802:18 3800:. 3772:^ 3748:^ 3734:. 3722:. 3704:^ 3690:. 3682:. 3672:69 3670:. 3666:. 3654:^ 3640:. 3632:. 3622:76 3620:. 3616:. 3573:. 3446:. 3432:^ 3332:. 3310:. 3300:. 3290:46 3288:. 3284:. 3254:^ 3246:29 3215:32 3213:. 3188:86 3186:. 3182:. 3167:^ 3157:. 3153:. 3095:^ 3087:15 3049:^ 3036:. 3028:. 2992:^ 2960:^ 2946:. 2936:93 2934:. 2884:^ 2864:)" 2846:^ 2830:24 2766:^ 2277:. 2265:. 2187:. 2093:. 2021:. 1599:. 1533:, 1527:, 1499:. 1446:. 1235:. 1227:, 1223:, 1219:, 1215:, 1211:, 1092:. 832:. 817:. 473:, 450:, 226:: 213:: 200:: 109:Pg 53:Ma 9868:? 9853:? 9810:? 9740:? 9725:? 9717:? 9696:? 9681:? 9666:? 9658:? 9643:? 9622:? 9607:? 9575:? 9567:? 9473:? 9458:? 9329:? 9290:? 9268:? 9108:? 9051:? 9043:? 9000:? 8950:? 8935:? 8906:? 8877:? 8862:? 8819:? 8811:? 8761:? 8746:? 8620:? 8518:? 8468:? 8460:? 8376:? 8354:? 8210:? 8161:? 8047:? 8032:? 8017:? 7896:? 7840:? 7825:? 7753:? 7625:? 7553:? 7531:? 7240:? 7232:? 7196:? 7188:? 7180:? 7082:? 7046:? 7031:? 6996:? 6988:? 6980:? 6783:? 6775:? 6746:? 6670:? 6648:? 6640:? 6369:? 6340:? 6315:? 6265:? 5908:? 5900:? 5878:? 5870:? 5638:e 5631:t 5624:v 5553:. 5521:: 5457:. 5431:. 5411:: 5403:: 5376:. 5356:: 5348:: 5325:. 5319:: 5311:: 5305:2 5284:. 5262:: 5209:. 5176:. 5164:: 5156:: 5133:. 5121:: 5094:. 5065:. 5014:. 4986:. 4958:. 4832:. 4820:: 4812:: 4806:1 4735:1 4714:. 4685:. 4681:: 4635:. 4570:. 4566:: 4543:. 4539:: 4489:. 4467:: 4440:. 4426:: 4418:: 4387:. 4358:. 4338:: 4330:: 4273:: 4247:. 4222:. 4202:: 4145:. 4133:: 4125:: 4091:. 4063:: 4036:. 4030:: 3948:. 3889:. 3885:: 3764:4 3742:. 3730:: 3698:. 3678:: 3648:. 3628:: 3558:. 3491:. 3483:: 3426:. 3342:. 3318:. 3304:: 3296:: 3225:. 3221:: 3159:4 3112:1 3024:: 3018:1 2954:. 2950:: 2942:: 2840:. 2814:" 2403:. 2173:( 1183:( 922:( 910:( 893:( 343:) 331:† 318:† 305:† 282:† 256:† 243:† 230:† 114:N 104:K 99:J 94:T 89:P 84:C 79:D 74:S 69:O 64:Ꞓ 44:( 20:)

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