157:
2805:
220:
2797:
45:
211:. In medieval times, anyone who worked with lead was referred to as a plumber; this can be seen from an extract about workmen fixing a roof in Westminster Palace; they were referred to as plumbers: "To Gilbert de Westminster, plumber, working about the roof of the pantry of the little hall, covering it with lead, and about various defects in the roof of the little hall".
772:
In the early evening of June 17, 1971, Henry
Kissinger held forth in the Oval Office, telling his President, and John Ehrlichman and Bob Haldeman, all about Daniel Ellsberg. Kissinger's comments were recorded, of course, on the hidden White House taping system, and four years later, a portion of that
361:
Plumbing work is defined in the
Australian Standards (AS3500) Regulations 2013 and refers to any operation, work or process in connection with installation, removal, demolition, replacement, alteration, maintenance or repair to the system of pipes and fixtures that conveys clean water into and liquid
365:
To become a licensed plumber a four year apprenticeship and a
Certificate III in Plumbing is required. As part of this course, instruction in the basics of gas fitting will be undertaken. Upon completion, these basics in gas fitting will allow the plumber to not only apply for their plumbing license
378:
There are many types of dangers to a plumber. These include electric shock, strains and sprains, cuts and lacerations, bruises and contusions, fractures, burns and scalds, foreign bodies in the eye, and hernias. Working at height or in confined spaces, or working with lead and asbestos are all
308:
Program, formally known as the
Interprovincial Standards Red Seal Program, is a program that sets common standards to assess the skills of tradespeople across Canada. The Red Seal, when affixed to a provincial or territorial trade certificate, indicates that a tradesperson has demonstrated the
294:
Each state and locality may have its own licensing and taxing schemes for plumbers. Some states license journeymen and master plumbers separately, while others license only master plumbers. To become licensed, plumbers must meet standards for training and experience, and in most cases, pass a
303:
In Canada, licensing requirements differ by province; however, the provinces have pooled resources to develop an
Interprovincial Program Guide that developed and now maintains apprenticeship training standards across all provinces. The
369:
To obtain a full gas license from the
Department of Mines and Energy, the plumber will need to have worked on an interim gas license for a minimum period of twelve months and successfully completed a Certificate IV in Plumbing.
352:
In
Ireland, a four-year apprenticeship plus qualification exam was necessary for someone to practice professionally. Accreditation of businesses is of great help in order to show their credibility and experience in the job.
1847:
499:
321:) remained the main form of plumbing qualification until they were superseded in 2008 by the Qualification and Credit Framework (QCF) and then again, in 2015, into the
2352:
322:
2283:
2277:
773:
tape was listened to by the
Watergate Special Prosecution Force, which was then investigating the internal White House police unit known as the Plumbers.
2261:
1972:
2300:
729:
2418:
2334:
2249:
2423:
435:" was a popular name given to the covert White House Special Investigations Unit established on July 24, 1971, during the presidency of
227:
Years of training and/or experience are needed to become a skilled plumber; some jurisdictions also require that plumbers be licensed.
2428:
754:
506:, Michigan Department of Technology, Management, and Budget, Bureau of Labor Market Information and Strategic Initiatives (June 2013).
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1965:
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802:
387:
Plumbers risk infections when dealing with human waste while repairing sewage systems. Microbes can be excreted in the
2701:
2038:
1127:
326:
336:. There are several regulatory bodies in the United Kingdom providing accredited plumbing qualifications, including
2413:
1857:
191:. Roman roofs used lead in conduits and drain pipes and some were also covered with lead; lead was also used for
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2494:
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1958:
366:
but also an interim gas license, and carry out gas work under the supervision of a fully qualified gas fitter.
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743:"Infectious disease risks associated with occupational exposure: a systematic review of the literature"
234:
Reading drawings and specifications, to determine the layout of water supply, waste, and venting systems
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1363:
1208:
1193:
332:
Plumbers in the United
Kingdom are required to pass Level 2 and Level 3 vocational requirements of the
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395:
of the sufferer onto the toilet or sewage pipes. Human waste can contain infectious diseases such as
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2005:
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718:"Injuries and Accident Causes in Plumbing Operations" United States Department of Labor. 1949
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Detecting faults in plumbing appliances and systems, and correctly diagnosing their causes
8:
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2010:
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Measuring, cutting, bending, and threading pipes using hand and power tools or machines
602:
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1995:
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who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used for potable (drinking)
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certification exam. There is no federal law establishing licenses for plumbers.
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The history of the ancient palace and late Houses of
Parliament at Westminster
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Installing, repairing and maintaining domestic, commercial, and industrial
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1213:
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The Century Dictionary: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language
460:
416:
1848:
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
219:
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Middleton, The Remains of Ancient Rome, Vol. 2, A & C Black, 1892
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Paying attention, in all work undertaken, to legal regulations and
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129:
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Employment and Occupations in the Skilled Trades in Michigan
309:
knowledge required for the national standard in that trade.
251:
connections, passage holes, and fixtures in walls and floors
2686:
1603:
1408:
997:
887:
780:
200:
2353:
National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association
272:
Testing pipes for leaks using air or water pressure gauges
27:
This article is about the occupation. For other uses, see
318:
323:
National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom
2284:
Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering
487:
vol. 8. New York. The Century Co. 1895. 6,415. Print.
34:
Tradesperson specializing in water and sewage systems
2278:
Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
574:
EW Wedlake; J Britton (1836). "Westminster Palace".
573:
619:. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1 November 2016
187:The origin of the word "plumber" dates from the
2819:
2262:Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors
2301:Construction Management Association of America
532:. Online Etymology Dictionary. October 7, 2021
519:, New York University Press, 1888 pp. 132, 158
2335:National Association of Women in Construction
1966:
796:
2250:Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association
269:, solvent weld, crimp and push-fit fittings.
483:Whitney, William D., ed.. "Trade." Def, 7.
382:
205:
1973:
1959:
803:
789:
257:Joining pipes and fittings together using
230:Common plumbing tasks and skills include:
2290:Civil Engineering Contractors Association
2256:Associated General Contractors of America
490:
443:" in the U.S. Government relating to the
2707:List of tallest buildings and structures
2371:Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
379:on-site dangers that plumbers can face.
218:
2347:National Kitchen & Bath Association
1858:Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)
730:"9 Hazards Plumbers Should be Aware of"
281:Ensuring that all safety standards and
14:
2820:
562:Historical production and uses of lead
439:. Their job was to plug intelligence "
214:
2359:National Tile Contractors Association
2329:National Association of Home Builders
2307:Construction Specifications Institute
1954:
784:
223:Plumber exiting a sewer via a manhole
2341:National Fire Protection Association
1808:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
617:"How to Become a Plumber in the USA"
567:
317:National Vocational Qualifications (
151:
2383:Society of Construction Arbitrators
2244:American Society of Civil Engineers
697:"Plumbing Qualifications in the UK"
675:"Plumbing Qualifications in the UK"
653:"Plumbing Qualifications in the UK"
338:City and Guilds of London Institute
334:City and Guilds of London Institute
247:Locating and marking positions for
24:
2238:American Institute of Constructors
25:
2849:
2702:Lists of buildings and structures
1128:Push-to-pull compression fittings
327:Scottish Vocational Qualification
312:
2804:
2803:
2795:
1980:
289:
155:
43:
2796:
747:
736:
722:
711:
689:
667:
645:
631:
580:. J B Nichols and son. p.
2770:Sustainability in construction
2601:Modern methods of construction
609:
595:
555:
544:
522:
509:
477:
451:); hence the term "plumbers".
13:
1:
2538:Building services engineering
471:
426:
93:Industrial Training Institute
2654:Construction equipment theft
2377:Scottish Building Federation
2273:Construction History Society
1868:World Plumbing Council (WPC)
1419:Reduced pressure zone device
810:
356:
49:Residential plumber at work.
7:
2828:Construction trades workers
2085:Chartered Building Surveyor
2049:Water supply and sanitation
1863:Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
1582:Instant hot water dispenser
1384:Piping and plumbing fitting
517:Notes For a History of Lead
454:
10:
2854:
2632:List of building materials
1209:Backflow prevention device
1194:Atmospheric vacuum breaker
373:
347:
195:and for making baths. The
147:
26:
2793:
2619:
2583:
2570:Environmental engineering
2533:Architectural engineering
2525:
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2437:
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2133:
2057:
2021:
1988:
1902:
1876:
1836:
1781:
1743:
1662:
1507:
1469:Thermostatic mixing valve
1186:
1006:
818:
603:"How to Become a Plumber"
362:waste out of a building.
329:) are still widely used.
325:. The terms NVQ and SVQ (
298:
102:
86:
81:
71:
59:
54:
42:
2575:Geotechnical engineering
2553:Construction engineering
2318:Home Builders Federation
2044:Timeline of architecture
2006:Underground construction
1199:Automatic bleeding valve
838:Compatibility (chemical)
383:Infectious disease risks
132:, hot-water production,
29:Plumber (disambiguation)
2760:Real estate development
2662:Construction management
2517:Vernacular architecture
2502:Indigenous architecture
2490:Industrial architecture
2365:Railway Tie Association
1404:Pressure-balanced valve
1399:Pressure vacuum breaker
1108:Pipe (fluid conveyance)
1050:Drain-waste-vent system
1030:Chemical drain cleaners
2833:Industrial occupations
2606:Monocrete construction
2565:Earthquake engineering
2558:Structural engineering
2512:Landscape architecture
2039:Structural engineering
1925:Template:Public health
1597:water recycling shower
1567:Hot water storage tank
898:Onsite sewage facility
224:
206:
2596:Earthbag construction
2507:Interior architecture
2001:Offshore construction
1910:Fire sprinkler system
1619:Tankless water heater
1562:Garbage disposal unit
1547:Electric water boiler
1019:British Standard Pipe
515:Pulsifer, William H.
222:
2644:Construction bidding
2324:Lighting Association
2296:The Concrete Society
2172:Construction foreman
1609:Storage water heater
1178:Water heat recycling
1086:National Pipe Thread
988:Water supply network
433:White House Plumbers
283:building regulations
263:compression fittings
2775:Unfinished building
2548:Coastal engineering
2177:Construction worker
2120:Structural engineer
2011:Tunnel construction
1940:Template:Wastewater
1798:Hydrostatic testing
1439:Rooftop water tower
1035:Compression fitting
215:Plumbing activities
39:
2667:Construction waste
2649:Construction delay
2080:Building officials
2075:Building estimator
1894:Waterborne disease
1793:Hydronic balancing
1552:Evaporative cooler
1517:Accessible bathtub
1414:Radiator (heating)
1394:Pressure regulator
1289:Double check valve
1264:Concentric reducer
1065:Garden Hose Thread
958:Thermal insulation
828:Air gap (plumbing)
755:"II. The Plumbers"
732:. 15 January 2018.
639:"Red Seal Program"
502:2017-12-01 at the
225:
167:. You can help by
88:Education required
37:
2815:
2814:
2658:Construction loan
2627:Building material
2543:Civil engineering
2167:Concrete finisher
2110:Quantity surveyor
2070:Building engineer
1996:Home construction
1948:
1947:
1930:Template:Sewerage
1877:Health and safety
1853:NSF International
1663:Specialized tools
1542:Drinking fountain
1509:Plumbing fixtures
1389:Plug (sanitation)
1374:Nipple (plumbing)
1294:Eccentric reducer
1274:Coupling (piping)
1239:Chemigation valve
1092:Nominal Pipe Size
1055:Ductile iron pipe
953:Thermal expansion
413:cryptosporidiosis
267:threaded fittings
242:plumbing fixtures
185:
184:
118:
117:
16:(Redirected from
2845:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2682:Design–bid–build
2450:Construction law
1975:
1968:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1935:Template:Toilets
1700:Flare-nut wrench
1459:Submersible pump
1284:Dielectric union
1204:Automatic faucet
1163:Thread seal tape
1123:Plastic pipework
883:Hydrostatic loop
848:Drain (plumbing)
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73:Activity sectors
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2697:Interior design
2692:Heavy equipment
2615:
2579:
2521:
2464:
2433:
2387:
2226:
2135:
2129:
2105:Project manager
2095:Civil estimator
2053:
2017:
1984:
1979:
1949:
1944:
1898:
1872:
1840:
1838:
1832:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1763:Pressure sensor
1745:
1739:
1715:Plumber's snake
1658:
1639:Water dispenser
1629:Washing machine
1503:
1329:Flushing trough
1279:Diaphragm valve
1269:Condensate pump
1249:Circulator pump
1229:Butterfly valve
1182:
1153:Solvent welding
1045:Crimp (joining)
1002:
968:Trap (plumbing)
943:Surface tension
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514:
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504:Wayback Machine
495:
491:
482:
478:
474:
457:
449:Pentagon Papers
429:
421:schistosomiasis
385:
376:
359:
350:
315:
301:
292:
217:
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175:
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165:needs expansion
150:
105:
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74:
62:
61:Occupation type
50:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2785:Urban planning
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2424:United Kingdom
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2134:Trades workers
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2127:
2125:Superintendent
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2100:Clerk of works
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2090:Civil engineer
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1839:organizations
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1803:Leak detection
1800:
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1787:
1779:
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1775:
1773:Water metering
1770:
1768:Water detector
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699:. Local Heroes
688:
677:. Local Heroes
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655:. Local Heroes
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564:. ila-lead.org
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530:"plumber (n.)"
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1168:Threaded pipe
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1040:Copper tubing
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869:
868:Grade (slope)
866:
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863:Friction loss
861:
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452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:Richard Nixon
434:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:faecal matter
380:
371:
367:
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345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
310:
307:
296:
290:United States
284:
280:
278:
277:safety issues
274:
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170:
166:
163:This section
161:
158:
154:
153:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
114:
110:
107:
101:
98:
94:
91:
85:
80:
76:
70:
67:
64:
58:
53:
46:
41:
30:
19:
2780:Urban design
2765:Stonemasonry
2677:Design–build
2620:Other topics
2611:Slip forming
2470:Architecture
2206:
2115:Site manager
2034:Construction
2029:Architecture
1982:Construction
1827:
1813:Pipe marking
1786:and services
1782:Professions,
1730:Strap wrench
1670:Basin wrench
1649:Water heater
1644:Water filter
1557:Flush toilet
1532:Dehumidifier
1474:Trench drain
1454:Street elbow
1444:Safety valve
1429:Relief valve
1369:Needle valve
1354:Grinder pump
1324:Flow limiter
1309:Float switch
1244:Chopper pump
1224:Booster pump
1173:Tube bending
1118:Pipe support
983:Water hammer
963:Thermosiphon
893:Neutral axis
771:
766:17 September
764:. Retrieved
760:The Atlantic
758:
749:
738:
724:
713:
701:. Retrieved
691:
679:. Retrieved
669:
657:. Retrieved
647:
633:
621:. Retrieved
611:
597:
585:. Retrieved
576:
569:
557:
546:
534:. Retrieved
524:
511:
492:
484:
479:
430:
386:
377:
368:
364:
360:
351:
331:
316:
302:
293:
261:techniques,
229:
226:
204:
189:Roman Empire
186:
176:October 2023
173:
169:adding to it
164:
126:tradesperson
121:
119:
104:Related jobs
77:Construction
2724:Plasterwork
2714:Megaproject
2526:Engineering
2455:Site safety
2217:Steel fixer
2182:Electrician
2152:Boilermaker
2058:Professions
1758:Flow sensor
1746:and control
1744:Measurement
1735:Tap and die
1710:Pipe wrench
1695:Driving cap
1587:Laundry tub
1464:Tap (valve)
1449:Sewage pump
1434:Riser clamp
1379:Pinch valve
1349:Grease trap
1344:Globe valve
1334:Flushometer
1319:Floor drain
1314:Float valve
1234:Check valve
1219:Bleed screw
993:Water table
933:Storm sewer
819:Fundamental
703:27 February
681:27 February
659:27 February
445:Vietnam War
342:Pearson PLC
244:and systems
113:electrician
82:Description
2822:Categories
2741:Parge coat
2672:Demolition
2438:Regulation
2392:By country
2197:Millwright
2192:Ironworker
2157:Bricklayer
1818:Pipefitter
1705:Pipecutter
1685:Core drill
1572:Humidifier
1537:Dishwasher
1499:Zone valve
1494:Water tank
1339:Gate valve
1214:Ball valve
1187:Components
1007:Technology
978:Wastewater
938:Stormwater
623:1 November
536:October 7,
472:References
461:Pipefitter
447:(i.e. the
431:The term "
427:Other uses
417:ascariasis
66:Vocational
55:Occupation
2746:Roughcast
2202:Plasterer
2162:Carpenter
2065:Architect
1837:Industry
1823:Pipelayer
1680:Borescope
1675:Blowtorch
1614:Sump pump
1148:Soldering
1113:Pipe dope
1076:Hydronics
948:Tap water
913:Sewer gas
878:Heat trap
873:Greywater
843:Corrosion
405:hepatitis
357:Australia
259:soldering
144:systems.
109:Carpenter
2838:Plumbers
2809:Category
2734:Proofing
2637:Millwork
2268:Build UK
2147:Banksman
1903:See also
1889:Scalding
1577:Icemaker
1364:Manifold
923:Sewerage
903:Pressure
858:Fuel gas
833:Backflow
821:concepts
812:Plumbing
500:Archived
455:See also
306:Red Seal
285:are met.
142:plumbing
138:drainage
18:Plumbers
2801:Outline
2751:Harling
2584:Methods
2495:British
2414:Romania
2337:(NAWIC)
2286:(CIPHE)
2280:(CICES)
2207:Plumber
2187:Glazier
2022:History
1828:Plumber
1784:trades,
1725:Plunger
1634:Washlet
1522:Bathtub
1424:Reducer
1254:Cistern
1158:Swaging
1138:Sealant
1014:Brazing
587:28 June
401:typhoid
397:cholera
374:Dangers
348:Ireland
207:plumbum
148:History
122:plumber
95:(ITI),
38:Plumber
2460:Zoning
2419:Turkey
2373:(RICS)
2361:(NTCA)
2349:(NKBA)
2343:(NFPA)
2331:(NAHB)
2303:(CMAA)
2292:(CECA)
2264:(APHC)
2252:(ATAC)
2246:(ASCE)
2222:Welder
2212:Roofer
1915:Piping
1624:Urinal
1592:Shower
1098:O-ring
1071:Gasket
928:Siphon
918:Sewage
466:Piping
419:, and
299:Canada
193:piping
134:sewage
2478:Style
2409:Japan
2399:India
2379:(SBF)
2367:(RTA)
2355:(NRC)
2320:(HBF)
2313:FIDIC
2309:(CSI)
2258:(AGC)
2240:(AIC)
1989:Types
1527:Bidet
1489:Valve
1133:Putty
1103:Oakum
1094:(NPS)
1088:(NPT)
1067:(GHT)
1021:(BSP)
441:leaks
409:polio
393:vomit
197:Latin
130:water
124:is a
2729:Damp
2687:DfMA
2591:List
2483:List
2404:Iran
2138:List
1604:Sink
1409:Pump
998:Well
888:Leak
768:2013
705:2018
683:2018
661:2018
625:2016
589:2010
538:2021
340:and
249:pipe
201:lead
199:for
136:and
582:122
391:or
319:NVQ
203:is
171:.
140:in
2824::
770:.
757:.
423:.
415:,
411:,
407:,
403:,
399:,
344:.
265:,
120:A
111:,
2140:)
2136:(
1974:e
1967:t
1960:v
804:e
797:t
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