Knowledge

Immigration policy of the United Kingdom

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Authorised Exchange. Of the general requirements for all of these sub-categories, a major requirement is that individuals are able to come to the UK for a maximum of 12 months (except for the Youth Mobility and International Agreement Schemes where successful applicants will get 24 months) in order to seek temporary and short-term work, after which they will be expected to leave. Applicants under all Tier 5 sub-categories need to score 30 points for a valid certificate of sponsorship from a licensed UK employer (except the Youth Mobility Scheme), and 10 points for maintenance (having enough funds to support themselves in the UK) – currently this is £800.
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declined by 80% since 2012, and it argued that expanded post-study work rights for international students in Scotland should be reinstated. The British government formally replied on 19 October 2016 and rejected the committee’s proposals. The government argued that the existing visa options are sufficient for international students in Scotland, and noted that, "Applying different immigration rules to different parts of the UK would complicate the immigration system, harming its integrity, and cause difficulties for employers with a presence in more than one part of the UK."
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studies (but not necessarily attend a graduation ceremony). Some additional time is provided after the course ends to enable the student to receive results and make a decision on whether to use those to make an additional application for further leave to remain, but the additional time may or may not be sufficient to cover graduation. New restrictions were implemented on 6 April 2012.
1957:(Never used) Tier 3 was originally designed for low-skilled workers filling specific temporary labour shortages, however it is currently suspended by the UK Government. A strong supply of labour from the European Economic Area (EEA), members of which do not require visas to work in the UK, has meant it has never been required since the points-based system was implemented in 2008. 494:: As of April 2015, the Standard Visitor visa replaced the Family Visitor visa, General Visitor visa, Child Visitor visa, Business Visitor visa(including visas for academics, doctors, and dentists), Sports Visitor visa, Entertainer Visitor visa, Prospective Entrepreneur visa, Private Medical Treatment Visitor visa, and the Approved Destination Status (ADS) visa. 831:
A Science and Engineering Graduate Scheme was first introduced in 2004 especially to allow STEM graduates to remain in the UK for one year’s work experience. Over time the visa opened to graduates of all subjects as the International Graduate Scheme, the Tier 1 (Post Study Work) allowed all graduates
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International students are no longer able to apply for Tier 1 (Entrepreneur) route within the UK. Instead a separate route under Tier 1 (Graduate Entrepreneur) exists in which international graduates who have been officially endorsed by either the Department for International Trade (DIT) or a British
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The Home Secretary announced on 23 November 2010 that the Tier 1 General route will be closed. As of 23 December 2010, Tier 1 (General) was closed for overseas applications. Tier 1 (General) closed for applications in the UK (i.e. completely) on 6 April 2011. There were transitional arrangements for
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pandemic, the UK Home Office confirmed that international students forced to continue their studies through distance or blended learning would remain eligible for the Graduate Route post study work visas in 2021 upon graduation, provided they “enter the UK before 6 April 2021 and complete the final
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complaining that about 1000 applications had been rejected in six months, and anticipating that a further thousand would also be rejected. The Home Office responded by saying that over 1,400 tier 2 certificates of sponsorship had been issued to nurses since April 2015, but 600 had been 'returned
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This category comprises five sub-categories and the Youth Mobility scheme. The sub-categories are: Temporary workers – International Agreement; Temporary Workers – Charity Workers; Temporary Workers – Creative and Sporting; Temporary Workers – Religious Workers; and Temporary Workers – Government
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The Investor subcategory is for those who wish to invest capital in the United Kingdom. In November 2014 the investment thresholds were increased to £2,000,000, £5,000,000 or £10,000,000. The difference between the thresholds is the amount of time it takes a migrant to be eligible for Indefinite
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Successful applicants are granted with three years of initial leave to remain and those applying must have access to at least £200,000. Under certain circumstances, the applicants can apply if they have access to only £50,000. The funds can be shared by up to two people where they can apply as an
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described Tier 1 (Post Study Work) as "a bridge to highly skilled or skilled work. People with Post Study Work leave are expected to switch into another part of the points system as soon as they are able to do so". The route was closed to all extension applicants on 6 April 2015 and subsequently
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On 7 March 2019, the government published immigration rule changes to close the Tier 1 (Entrepreneur) and Tier 1 (Graduate Entrepreneur) routes to initial applications on 6 April 2019 and 6 July 2019 respectively. These two routes will be replaced by two new visa categories namely 'Start-up' and
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All student visas were classed under Tier 4 of the points-based system. To qualify, visa applicants must have already been offered a position at an educational institution which is licensed to sponsor migrants. The duration of Tier 4 visas varies, taking into account the time needed to conclude
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In 2011 the Home Secretary Theresa May announced that, from April 2012, the Tier 1 (Post Study Work) visa was to be closed on the grounds that the arrangement was "far too generous" and that 39,000 students and their 8,000 dependants took up the visa "at a time when one in ten UK graduates were
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In February 2016, the UK parliament’s Scottish affairs committee published an inquiry on the impacts of the closure of Tier 1 (Post Study Work) route on Scottish universities. The committee observed that the number of non-EU graduates moving on to work visas in Scotland after their studies has
714:(ILR) in the UK. The route allows the most successful entrepreneurs to apply for settlement within the first three-year under the Accelerated Route if they demonstrate that their business generated a turnover of at least £5m or created 10 full-time jobs for 10 people lasting 12 months or more. 703:
entrepreneurial team. The initial leave will be further extended by two years if the applicants demonstrate that they have invested the funds in their business (or businesses) and created at least two full-time positions that existed for at least 12 months during the three-year initial period.
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This category is intended for entrepreneurs who want to set up or take over an existing business (or businesses) in the UK. This route requires entrepreneurs to be actively involved in running of their businesses either as company directors or as self-employed. Entrepreneurs are allowed to be
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These criteria are to ensure that those working or studying in the UK do so legally. If the potential sponsor is awarded a sponsor licence, they will be given a sponsor rating - this will be an 'A rating' or a 'B rating', and will be listed on the register. Instead of an A or B rating, Tier 4
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students. The UK Home Office also confirmed that dependants of postgraduate international students with a Graduate Route post study work visa from 2021 will retain leave to remain and the right to work in the UK provided they were in the country with them during the international student’s
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because it lacks an overall cap on the number of people who can qualify under the points criteria. There have also been concerns that, in failing to provide for the possibility of low-skilled migration from outside of the EEA, the system might cause skills shortages in sectors such as the
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To prevent abuse of the route, all the applicants are subject to a Genuine Entrepreneur Test in which they must demonstrate the credibility and genuineness of their business (or businesses). In some cases, the applicants could be interviewed or asked to submit extra evidence.
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For employers sponsoring skilled migrants under the new 2021 system, the visa process would be streamlined to reduce the time it takes to bring a migrant into the UK by up to 8 weeks. The Government intends to further reduce this through additional enhancements to the system.
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and introduce an Immigration Bill with a different points-based system. This meant a single immigration policy applied to anyone who wishes to live and work in the UK. This would be the first phase of a wider multi-year programme of change, led by the
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Leave to Remain. With the £2,000,000 threshold it is 5 years, with the £5,000,000 threshold it is 3 years and with the £10,000,000 threshold it is 2 years. The funds must be invested in either share capital in British companies or in British bonds.
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In 2008, one of the justifications for the move to a new immigration system was the perceived need to restore public trust in immigration law and controls. During its introduction, the system was criticised by the then opposition
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In order to be eligible to apply under certain categories of the points-based system, the applicant must have a sponsor which is on the UKBA register of sponsors. The register of sponsors lists all organisations that the
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Net migration to the UK reached a record high of 764,000 in 2022, with immigration at 1.26 million and emigration at 493,000. Of the 1,218,000 migrants in 2023, only 10% were EU nationals. Around 250,000 people came from
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This route is for those who complete a UK degree or other eligible qualification to work in the UK for up to 2 years. During this time they can secure longer-term employment and switch to another route that allows this.
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This is an obsolete immigration route. Under the scheme, students who have successfully completed a degree at a UK institution could apply for permission to work in the UK for two years without needing a
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employment, ministers of religion; airport-based operational ground staff, overseas qualified nurse or midwife, seafarers, named researchers, agency employees, and overseas representatives (news media).
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for tier 2 certificates of sponsorship were rejected between June and September 2015. The organisation wrote on behalf of the Trust, and nine others similarly placed, to the Home Secretary,
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has licensed to employ migrant workers or sponsor migrant students. On 31 March 2009, the register of sponsors replaced the register of education and training providers published by the
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However, before a person can apply under this category they will need a valid certificate of sponsor, which can only be issued by a sponsor who is registered with the UK Border Agency.
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Skilled worker was introduced on 1 January 2021 to replace the previous Tier 2 General route which had been in place since November 2008. Tier 2 had itself replaced the provisions for
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https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/784060/CCS207_CCS0319710302-002_HC_1919_Immigration_Rules__EXPLANATORY_MEMO__PRINT_.pdf
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and had the necessary funds to ensure maintenance in the UK. Applicants did not need to have a formal job offer made by a licensed UK employer in order to apply under this category.
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From 30 May 2022, a new visa was introduced for graduates from non-British universities which feature in the top 50 of two of the three main international university rankings:
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unused.' Nurses were removed from the Shortage Occupation List on 6 April 2015, and the pay of most nurses is not sufficient to gain priority under the points based system.
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Under the new system, people require 70 points to enable them to work in the UK. These are made up of 50 Mandatory Points and 20 Tradeable Points, to work in the UK.
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The Exceptional Talent sub-category is for those who are recognised or have potential to be recognized as exceptionally talented leaders in the fields of
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Graduates who have received a qualification from the following institutions between November 2022 and October 2023 in the past 5 years are eligible:
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of any discipline and any degree class to remain in the UK for up to two years in order to search for work with no restrictions on its skill level.
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confirmed that graduates of the country’s higher education institutions will be eligible for the two-year Graduate Route visa from summer 2021.
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EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM TO THE STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN IMMIGRATION RULES PRESENTED TO PARLIAMENT ON 7 March 2019 (HC 1919) Gov.UK 7 March 2019
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from Summer 2021 can stay in the UK for 3 years after study to live and work with the Graduate Route visa, as opposed to 2 years for
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found that applications for certificates of sponsorship for doctors and nurses were refused, leaving them to rely on locum staff.
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pledged to reduce net migration to the UK (the number of people immigrating minus the number emigrating) below 250,000 per year.
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Tier 5 began in November 2008 and covers temporary workers and youth mobility. It replaced the previous schemes of
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Lowering of salary thresholds for New Entrants to UK Labour Market and those who will be employed in Jobs listed on
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The Skilled Worker route is for those offered a job by a UK employer that meets minimum levels or salary and skill.
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The scheme was phased in between 2008 and 2010. It is composed of five "tiers" which replaced all the previous
57: 2435: 4872: 4752: 4641: 4454: 4293: 4277: 3843: 3833: 3823: 3815: 2501: 1303: 143:—primarily, who has the right to visit or stay in the UK. British immigration policy is under the purview of 3858: 3848: 3838: 1930: 902: 763: 675: 539:(recognised leader in fields of science, humanities, engineering, medicine, digital technology or the arts) 2936: 5307: 4965: 4834: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4730: 3935: 3884: 3828: 4887: 4677: 4384: 3795: 3759: 2012: 1283: 711: 2335:"Would you pass the UK's points-based immigration test? Rules for getting a visa under the new system" 5155: 4839: 4631: 3941: 3805: 2827: 1905:
Tier 1 (General) applied to highly skilled potential migrants looking for a job or wishing to become
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higher education institution (HEI) can apply to remain in the UK to pursue their business ventures.
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Temporary workers and youth mobility under the points based system - (Tier 5): Statement of intent
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There are no reasons to believe that the potential sponsor is a threat to immigration control; and
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Employment in an occupation that has a shortage as designated by the Migration Advisory Committee
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Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?
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After 5 years of leave on Tier 1 Entrepreneur, the applicants could potentially apply for
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Since 2002, a points based scheme was introduced, and it has been revised several times.
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The potential sponsor is a legitimate organisation working within the law in the UK;
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Tier 4 Student Visas were replaced by New Student Route under new PBI from 2021.
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unemployed." The route was eventually closed to all applicants on 6 April 2012.
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for up to 90 days once a holder has cleared immigration in the United Kingdom.
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Permitting switching from Tier 2 Intra Company Transfer to Skilled Worker Visa
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UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Legal Continuity) (Scotland) Bill 2018
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On 11 September 2019, eight years after it was originally cancelled by then
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and introducing a points-based system, that took effect on 1 January 2021.
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were frustrated by the points-based immigration system. 85 applications by
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Education qualification: PhD in a STEM subject relevant to the employment
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Chambers, Richmond (Professional Immigration Lawyer) (19 October 2018).
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fully closed to all applicants (including settlement) on 6 April 2018.
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UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2020
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Compared to Tier 2 General, Skilled worker has some important change:
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Education qualification: PhD in a subject relevant to the employment
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European Union Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) Regulations 2016
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employed and work only in the businesses they are involved with.
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European Union Withdrawal Agreement (Public Vote) Bill 2017–19
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Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
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UK electronic visa waiver introduced for Oman, Qatar and UAE
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The UK's points-based immigration system: policy statement
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The Post Study Work scheme combined the previous one-year
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The European Union Referendum (Conduct) Regulations 2016
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Tier 1 (Entrepreneur) and Tier 1 (Graduate Entrepreneur)
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Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
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revealed that international students who complete a
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on 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom moved to end
2841:"Analysis of the Points Based System : Tier 1" 747:, engineering, medicine, digital technology or the 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5255: 3296:"Home Secretary: Immigration limit oral statement" 2285:Richard Chambers (Professional Immigration Lawyer) 1881:Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 446:the organisation will meet its sponsorship duties. 418:Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills 3469:. Border & Immigration Agency. Archived from 2181:"UK reveals US style visa waiver for EU Citizens" 892: 5345: 5111:Proposed second Scottish independence referendum 3363:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3323:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 2093: 2091: 907:Times Higher Education World University Rankings 777:Lowering education qualification levels to RQF 3 18:Points-based immigration system (United Kingdom) 3406: 3404: 3345:. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014 3207: 2269:. 2013 December 30. Retrieved 10 December 2020. 5017:Terms of Withdrawal from EU (Referendum) Bills 734: 189:. More EU nationals left the UK than arrived. 5241: 3885: 3655: 2088: 612:Domestic Workers in a Private Household visa 571:(foreign company workers in a British branch) 4154:European Communities Act 1972 (Repeal) Bills 3401: 823:International students in the United Kingdom 618:Representative of an Overseas Business visa 4799:EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) 4787:Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU 4077:United Kingdom opt-outs from EU legislation 3203: 3201: 1852:construction industry in the run-up to the 636:Croatian national registration certificates 306:Offer of employment by an approved sponsor 192: 5248: 5234: 3892: 3878: 3662: 3648: 3087:"3 year UK PSW for PhD students from 2021" 1244:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 317:Employment at the appropriate skill level 133:Immigration policies of the United Kingdom 69:"Immigration policy of the United Kingdom" 4830:2024 Northern Ireland Executive formation 3669: 2201: 1942:Fresh Talent - Working in Scotland Scheme 817:Graduate Route for international students 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 4159:European Union (Referendum) Bill 2013–14 3603:List of UK sponsors with contact details 3198: 2997:"Fact sheet: Graduate Immigration Route" 2773:"Skilled workers the point based system" 2332: 2309: 2278: 2155: 1989:Modern immigration to the United Kingdom 1902:applications undecided by 6 April 2011. 1466:Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 678:and entry schemes, including Scotland's 141:immigration system of the United Kingdom 3456: 3412:"The points-based system: How it works" 2614:from the original on 22 September 2020. 2381: 506:Visa to pass through the UK in transit 14: 5346: 3791:Migration policy of the European Union 3276:from the original on 19 September 2015 3147:"High Potential Individual (HPI) visa" 2977:from the original on 11 September 2019 2937:"Major changes to student visa system" 2394:from the original on 31 December 2019. 2279:Chambers, Richmond (19 October 2018). 899:Academic Ranking of World Universities 869:semester of their studies in the UK”. 585:(temporary work for sponsored workers) 5359:Immigration law in the United Kingdom 5229: 3873: 3643: 3272:. Workpermit.com. 17 September 2015. 2789:from the original on 23 October 2008. 2322:from the original on 21 October 2020. 2178: 2168:from the original on 28 January 2020. 1184:University of California, Los Angeles 1064:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 682:. The system was administered by the 431:Licences can only be applied for if: 328:Speaks English at a sufficient level 3250:from the original on 27 January 2008 3186:from the original on 2 November 2022 2947:from the original on 12 January 2016 2382:Collins, Annabelle (25 April 2018). 2291:from the original on 21 October 2020 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2013:Home page | UK Visas and Immigration 1606:Paris Sciences et Lettres University 915: 725: 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 4951:Notification of Withdrawal Act 2017 4433:Campaign for an Independent Britain 3566:from the original on 3 October 2013 3220:from the original on 6 October 2014 3208:Patrick Wintour (6 December 2007). 2917:from the original on 29 August 2017 2887:from the original on 29 August 2017 2363:from the original on 15 August 2021 2333:McDonald, Karl (21 February 2020). 2214:from the original on 14 April 2021. 2202:McCulloch, Adam (2 December 2019). 2156:European, Union (2 December 2019). 1896: 1891: 1204:University of California, San Diego 422:Department for Education and Skills 350:Salary between £23,040 and £25,599 339:Salary between £20,480 and £23,039 256:Points-based system and sponsorship 24: 3995:European Union Referendum Act 2015 3506:from the original on 29 March 2018 3414:. UK Border Agency. Archived from 3389:from the original on 5 August 2011 3343:webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk 3303:Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk 2857:from the original on 10 March 2017 2751:"Tier 2 Sponsored Skilled Workers" 2717:from the original on 2 April 2015. 2695:from the original on 2 April 2015. 2673:from the original on 30 July 2008. 2236:from the original on 24 April 2022 1994:UK Electronic Travel Authorisation 1164:University of California, Berkeley 944:California Institute of Technology 211:UK electronic travel authorisation 25: 5370: 5354:Immigration to the United Kingdom 4175:2014 European Parliament election 3584: 3444:from the original on 30 July 2008 3240:"Games 'may need non-EU workers'" 3067:from the original on 17 June 2020 2971:British High Commission New Delhi 2739:from the original on 14 May 2020. 2626:"Tier 1 (Graduate- Entrepreneur)" 2029: 1984:Visa policy of the United Kingdom 1863:The system was criticised by the 754: 466:Visa policy of the United Kingdom 5210: 5209: 4935:Brexit withdrawal agreement plan 4346:Unlawful campaigning allegations 3379:"Tier 1 (General) visa - GOV.UK" 3007:from the original on 21 May 2020 2761:from the original on 2020-05-26. 2632:from the original on 2020-08-01. 2604:"Guidance (Tier 1 Entrepreneur)" 2592:from the original on 2020-05-26. 2570:from the original on 2020-05-26. 2548:from the original on 2020-05-14. 2526:from the original on 2020-05-26. 2504:from the original on 2022-11-30. 2482:from the original on 2020-04-14. 2472:"Parent of Child at School Visa" 2460:from the original on 2021-11-09. 2450:"Permitted Paid Engagement Visa" 2438:from the original on 2020-04-24. 2416:from the original on 2020-06-08. 1911:Highly Skilled Migrant Programme 1811: 1791: 1771: 1751: 1731: 1711: 1691: 1671: 1651: 1631: 1611: 1591: 1586:National University of Singapore 1571: 1566:Nanyang Technological University 1551: 1531: 1511: 1491: 1471: 1451: 1426: 1419: 1412: 1405: 1398: 1391: 1384: 1377: 1370: 1349: 1329: 1309: 1289: 1269: 1264:University of Michigan-Ann Arbor 1249: 1229: 1209: 1189: 1169: 1149: 1129: 1109: 1089: 1069: 1049: 1029: 1009: 989: 969: 949: 924: 669: 471:British Visas, as of April 2015 361:Salary that is £25,600 or above 295:Tradable with other requirements 34: 5141:Voting pencil conspiracy theory 4688:Independent Alliance for Reform 4627:2016 Sleaford and North Hykeham 4133:European Economic Area Act 1993 3955:Trade and Cooperation Agreement 3548: 3518: 3488: 3430: 3371: 3331: 3262: 3232: 3168: 3157:from the original on 2023-06-26 3139: 3109: 3079: 3049: 3019: 2989: 2959: 2929: 2899: 2869: 2833: 2813: 2793: 2765: 2743: 2721: 2699: 2677: 2655: 2636: 2618: 2596: 2574: 2552: 2530: 2508: 2486: 2464: 2442: 2420: 2398: 2375: 2345: 2326: 2303: 2272: 2248: 2218: 2179:ETIAS, Info (9 December 2019). 1875:because plans to recruit more 1446:Chinese University of Hong Kong 554:(minimum £2,000,000 investment) 207:Electronic Travel Authorisation 45:needs additional citations for 5256:Policies of the United Kingdom 3635:UK Point Based System (Gov.UK) 3123:. 13 July 2020. Archived from 3033:. 16 June 2020. Archived from 2195: 2172: 2149: 2142:Office for National Statistics 2129: 2109: 2070: 2005: 1979:United Kingdom immigration law 1938:International Graduates Scheme 1686:University of British Columbia 1646:Technical University of Munich 893:High Potential Individual Visa 598:Government Authorised Exchange 500:Permitted Paid Engagement visa 406: 13: 1: 5266:Classified information policy 4981:Withdrawal Agreement Act 2020 4543:Petition to revoke Article 50 4294:Balance of Competences Review 4278:The European Union: In or Out 4237:1975 EC membership referendum 4095:European Communities Act 1972 2026:. Retrieved 10 December 2020. 1999: 1304:University of Texas at Austin 503:Parent of a Tier 4 child visa 4996:Future Relationship Act 2020 3182:. UK Visas and Immigration. 1909:in the UK, and replaced the 1841: 903:QS World University Rankings 7: 4966:Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018 4835:Brexit and the Irish border 4647:2019 Brecon and Radnorshire 4637:2017 Stoke-on-Trent Central 4149:European Union Bill 2004–05 3936:Brexit withdrawal agreement 3596:UK Border Agency - Sponsors 3093:. July 2020. Archived from 2729:"Tier 1 Exceptional Talent" 1972: 735:Tier 1 (Exceptional Talent) 624:Turkish Businessperson visa 509:Direct Airside Transit visa 10: 5375: 4678:Blue Collar Conservativism 4531:Proposed second referendum 4385:Britain Stronger in Europe 4201:2014 Heywood and Middleton 3899: 3796:European Asylum Curriculum 2707:"Tier 1 Investor (debate)" 2685:"Tier 1 Investor (Debate)" 1865:NHS Employers Organisation 1836: 1284:University of Pennsylvania 820: 712:Indefinite Leave to Remain 463: 27:British Immigration Policy 5261: 5205: 5154: 5039: 5009: 4943: 4912: 4905: 4865: 4840:Northern Ireland Protocol 4820: 4807: 4772:Prorogation of Parliament 4700: 4655: 4609: 4561: 4521: 4478: 4467: 4399: 4375: 4366: 4316: 4214: 4206:2014 Rochester and Strood 4188: 4167: 4141: 4085: 4027: 4020: 3987: 3973: 3907: 3814: 3806:Opposition to immigration 3783: 3677: 3630:UK Border Agency - Tier 5 3625:UK Border Agency - Tier 4 3620:UK Border Agency - Tier 2 3615:UK Border Agency - Tier 1 2828:UK Government Web Archive 1960: 1952: 1368: 922: 864:In June 2020, during the 793: 4991:Internal Market Act 2020 4716:Invocation of Article 50 4589:2019 European Parliament 4304:Euroscepticism in the UK 3829:Migrants' African routes 3784:Politics and legislation 3556:"Announcements - GOV.UK" 1746:University of Queensland 1324:University of Washington 1044:Johns Hopkins University 857:On 14 October 2019, the 783:Shortage Occupation List 688:UK Visas and Immigration 459: 193:Electronic documentation 165:In 2019, Prime Minister 145:UK Visas and Immigration 135:are the areas of modern 5323:Security vetting policy 5281:Cannabis classification 5189:Brexit: The Uncivil War 5067:European Research Group 4823:the Republic of Ireland 4821:on Northern Ireland and 4663:International reactions 4438:The Freedom Association 3496:"Tier 1 (General) visa" 2582:"Tier 1 (Entrepreneur)" 2560:"Tier 4 (Student Visa)" 2406:"Standard Visitor visa" 1726:University of Melbourne 1706:University of Hong Kong 1104:Northwestern University 680:Fresh Talent Initiative 601:International Agreement 591:(unpaid voluntary work) 569:Intra-company Transfer 512:Visitor in Transit visa 420:(and previously by the 5173:Postcards from the 48% 5126:Terminology (Glossary) 5062:Chaos with Ed Miliband 4883:Science and technology 4765:Operation Yellowhammer 3988:Referendum legislation 3801:Immigration Policy 2.0 3560:ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk 3383:ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk 3121:Global Education Times 3091:Global Education Times 3031:Global Education Times 889:postgraduate studies. 852:international students 650:Short-term study visa 242:Electronic Visa Waiver 5094:Northern Future Forum 5073:Enemies of the People 4391:Labour In for Britain 4299:2015–16 renegotiation 4180:2015 general election 4067:European Constitution 4042:1972 Accession Treaty 3671:Immigration to Europe 1786:University of Toronto 1224:University of Chicago 872:In July 2020, the UK 774:Removal of Annual Cap 607:Youth Mobility Scheme 595:Creative and sporting 549:Graduate Entrepreneur 497:Marriage Visitor visa 492:Standard Visitor visa 424:). During 2018, many 284:Current requirements 4748:Withdrawal agreement 4523:Opposition to Brexit 4481:leadership elections 4289:Russian interference 3440:. UK Border Agency. 3127:on 27 September 2020 3037:on 21 September 2020 2830:". UK Border Agency. 2810:". UK Border Agency. 2538:"Tier 5 (Work Visa)" 2516:"Tier 2 (Work Visa)" 2191:on 18 December 2019. 1854:2012 Summer Olympics 1506:Karolinska Institute 1124:Princeton University 800:Working Holidaymaker 575:Minister of Religion 234:United Arab Emirates 54:improve this article 5271:Conscription policy 4956:Withdrawal Act 2018 4753:Parliamentary votes 4726:Brexit divorce bill 4409:(official campaign) 4387:(official campaign) 4227:1973 EC enlargement 4047:Single European Act 3974:Referendum question 3931:Brexit negotiations 3418:on 27 December 2007 3246:. 22 January 2008. 2913:. 7 November 2016. 2782:. 23 October 2008. 2713:. 9 February 2015. 2691:. 9 February 2015. 1940:(IGS) and two-year 1806:Zhejiang University 1766:University of Tokyo 1666:Tsinghua University 1144:Stanford University 1084:New York University 964:Columbia University 722:'Innovator' visas. 686:the predecessor of 627:Turkish Worker visa 562:(sponsored workers) 537:Exceptional Talent 472: 285: 139:concerned with the 5313:Immigration policy 4906:Brexit legislation 4778:Miller II / Cherry 4622:2016 Richmond Park 4553:Bollocks to Brexit 4501:Scottish, Feb 2020 3824:African immigrants 3608:2017-02-28 at the 2826:2008-10-23 at the 2806:2011-08-24 at the 2649:2019-07-25 at the 2610:. 6 October 2021. 2261:2019-07-23 at the 2230:ComputerWeekly.com 2162:Schengen VISA Info 2057:2020-12-11 at the 2018:2014-04-25 at the 1849:Conservative Party 1024:Harvard University 984:Cornell University 470: 283: 5341: 5340: 5223: 5222: 5079:Leave Means Leave 5035: 5034: 4971:Cooper–Letwin Act 4901: 4900: 4857:Windsor Framework 4813:potential effects 4696: 4695: 4642:2019 Peterborough 4463: 4462: 4352:Brexit: The Movie 4312: 4311: 4267:Maastricht Rebels 3960:Windsor Framework 3950:Trade negotiation 3944: 3925: 3867: 3866: 3678:By target country 3536:on 29 August 2017 2883:. 21 March 2011. 2850:. December 2009. 2801:Temporary workers 2711:Immigration Media 2689:Immigration Media 2316:Richmond Chambers 2061:," Policy paper. 1833: 1832: 1824: 1823: 1626:Peking University 1546:McGill University 1362: 1361: 726:Tier 1 (Investor) 667: 666: 633: 630:UK Ancestry visa 621: 615: 592: 586: 572: 563: 555: 546: 540: 534: 404: 403: 238:Arabian peninsula 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 5366: 5318:Rationing policy 5250: 5243: 5236: 5227: 5226: 5213: 5212: 5156:Media depictions 5100:The New European 4925:Repeal Bill plan 4910: 4909: 4888:Economic effects 4852:Irish Sea border 4845:proposed changes 4818: 4817: 4809:Impact of Brexit 4792:Fish for finance 4476: 4475: 4373: 4372: 4284:Bloomberg speech 4025: 4024: 3940: 3921: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3871: 3870: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3641: 3640: 3591:UK Border Agency 3576: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3532:. Archived from 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3475: 3468: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3408: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3362: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3322: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3300: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3205: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3097:on 9 August 2020 3083: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3063:. 16 June 2020. 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2911:Monitor.icef.com 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2856: 2845: 2837: 2831: 2817: 2811: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2777: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2669:. 30 July 2008. 2667:UK Border Agency 2659: 2653: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2276: 2270: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2187:. Archived from 2176: 2170: 2169: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2095: 2086: 2085: 2074: 2068: 2048: 2027: 2009: 1946:UK Border Agency 1923:English language 1897:Tier 1 (General) 1892:Tiers not in use 1817: 1815: 1814: 1797: 1795: 1794: 1777: 1775: 1774: 1757: 1755: 1754: 1737: 1735: 1734: 1717: 1715: 1714: 1697: 1695: 1694: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1657: 1655: 1654: 1637: 1635: 1634: 1617: 1615: 1614: 1597: 1595: 1594: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1526:Kyoto University 1517: 1515: 1514: 1497: 1495: 1494: 1477: 1475: 1474: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1431: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1417: 1416: 1410: 1409: 1403: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1366: 1365: 1355: 1353: 1352: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1235: 1233: 1232: 1215: 1213: 1212: 1195: 1193: 1192: 1175: 1173: 1172: 1155: 1153: 1152: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1115: 1113: 1112: 1095: 1093: 1092: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1055: 1053: 1052: 1035: 1033: 1032: 1015: 1013: 1012: 995: 993: 992: 975: 973: 972: 955: 953: 952: 929: 928: 920: 919: 916: 684:UK Border Agency 631: 619: 613: 604:Religious Worker 590: 584: 570: 561: 553: 544: 538: 532: 473: 469: 414:UK Border Agency 286: 282: 185:and 83,000 from 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5337: 5298:Firearms policy 5257: 5254: 5224: 5219: 5201: 5150: 5146:Retained EU law 5047:Brexit 50p coin 5031: 5005: 4939: 4897: 4861: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4803: 4692: 4673:Brexit Alliance 4651: 4605: 4557: 4517: 4480: 4479:Political party 4470: 4459: 4450:Get Britain Out 4395: 4368: 4362: 4331:Opinion polling 4308: 4257:Black Wednesday 4210: 4184: 4163: 4137: 4081: 4016: 3983: 3969: 3903: 3898: 3868: 3863: 3810: 3779: 3673: 3668: 3610:Wayback Machine 3587: 3581: 3579: 3569: 3567: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3447: 3445: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3419: 3410: 3409: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3356: 3355: 3348: 3346: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3316: 3315: 3308: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3253: 3251: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3206: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3160: 3158: 3153:. Home Office. 3145: 3144: 3140: 3130: 3128: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3040: 3038: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3010: 3008: 2995: 2994: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2818: 2814: 2808:Wayback Machine 2798: 2794: 2786: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2735:. 2 July 2015. 2727: 2726: 2722: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2651:Wayback Machine 2641: 2637: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2580: 2579: 2575: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2428:"Marriage Visa" 2426: 2425: 2421: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2364: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2331: 2327: 2308: 2304: 2294: 2292: 2277: 2273: 2263:Wayback Machine 2253: 2249: 2239: 2237: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2208:Personnel Today 2200: 2196: 2177: 2173: 2154: 2150: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2097: 2096: 2089: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2059:Wayback Machine 2049: 2030: 2020:Wayback Machine 2010: 2006: 2002: 1975: 1963: 1955: 1899: 1894: 1877:Filipino nurses 1873:staffing crisis 1844: 1839: 1834: 1812: 1810: 1792: 1790: 1772: 1770: 1752: 1750: 1732: 1730: 1712: 1710: 1692: 1690: 1672: 1670: 1652: 1650: 1632: 1630: 1612: 1610: 1592: 1590: 1572: 1570: 1552: 1550: 1532: 1530: 1512: 1510: 1492: 1490: 1472: 1470: 1452: 1450: 1425: 1418: 1411: 1404: 1397: 1390: 1383: 1376: 1369: 1350: 1348: 1344:Yale University 1330: 1328: 1310: 1308: 1290: 1288: 1270: 1268: 1250: 1248: 1230: 1228: 1210: 1208: 1190: 1188: 1170: 1168: 1150: 1148: 1130: 1128: 1110: 1108: 1090: 1088: 1070: 1068: 1050: 1048: 1030: 1028: 1010: 1008: 1004:Duke University 990: 988: 970: 968: 950: 948: 923: 895: 825: 819: 796: 757: 737: 728: 696: 672: 589:Charity Worker 468: 462: 409: 258: 197:In the wake of 195: 177:, 141,000 from 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5372: 5362: 5361: 5356: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5328:Welfare policy 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5303:Foreign policy 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5284: 5283: 5273: 5268: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5253: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5230: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5217: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5193: 5185: 5177: 5169: 5160: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5136:United Ireland 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5084:Led By Donkeys 5081: 5076: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5052:Change Britain 5049: 5043: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4953: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4916: 4914: 4907: 4903: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4837: 4832: 4826: 4824: 4815: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4795: 4794: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4760:No-deal Brexit 4757: 4756: 4755: 4745: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4718: 4713: 4704: 4702: 4701:Brexit process 4698: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4668:March to Leave 4665: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4597: 4596: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4548:Led By Donkeys 4545: 4540: 4539: 4538: 4527: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4484: 4482: 4473: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4446: 4445: 4443:Better Off Out 4435: 4430: 4425: 4423:Grassroots Out 4420: 4415: 4410: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4393: 4388: 4381: 4379: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4358:Pro-EU leaflet 4355: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4322: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4182: 4177: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4143: 4142:Proposed bills 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4091: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4033: 4031: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4004: 4003: 4002: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3897: 3896: 3889: 3882: 3874: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3820: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3775:United Kingdom 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3674: 3667: 3666: 3659: 3652: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3600: 3599: 3598: 3586: 3585:External links 3583: 3578: 3577: 3547: 3517: 3502:. March 2018. 3487: 3476:on 9 June 2008 3455: 3429: 3400: 3370: 3330: 3287: 3261: 3231: 3197: 3167: 3138: 3108: 3078: 3048: 3018: 3001:UK Home Office 2988: 2958: 2941:UK Home Office 2928: 2898: 2868: 2832: 2812: 2792: 2764: 2742: 2720: 2698: 2676: 2654: 2635: 2617: 2595: 2573: 2551: 2529: 2507: 2494:"Transit Visa" 2485: 2463: 2441: 2419: 2397: 2374: 2344: 2325: 2302: 2271: 2247: 2217: 2194: 2171: 2148: 2145:. 23 May 2024. 2128: 2125:. 23 May 2024. 2108: 2105:. 23 May 2024. 2087: 2084:. 18 May 2023. 2069: 2028: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1974: 1971: 1962: 1959: 1954: 1951: 1919:qualifications 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1708: 1702: 1701: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1608: 1602: 1601: 1588: 1582: 1581: 1568: 1562: 1561: 1548: 1542: 1541: 1528: 1522: 1521: 1508: 1502: 1501: 1488: 1482: 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