533:
793:
1088:
40:
820:
831:
1103:
1073:
169:
1141:. His power was relatively greater in Slavic society than those of Danish or Swedish kings in their kingdoms, although it was not absolute. He was the general leader of his tribe and was foremost among its nobles, holding much of the forested
1390:. The priesthood was an important class which developed images and objects of worship. Polabian towns often included elaborate temples often visited for offerings and pilgrimages. In contrast, priests in the countryside often lived meagerly.
586:-type in Northeastern Germany was found to be from 590s. However, palynology and other evidence show that the land in Germany became forested and not well resettled by the Slavs, with most material and sites dating since the 8th century.
972:
to rule as a
Christian Danish vassal. After Valdemar refused to share Rugia with Henry, the Saxon duke enlisted the aid of the Obotrite confederacy and the Liutizi against the Danes; Valdemar ended the conflict by paying Henry in 1171.
928:
settlers. The 1164 Obotrite revolt led by Niklot's son
Pribislav convinced Henry the Lion that keeping the Slavs as allies would be less troublesome. The duke returned the Christian Pribislav to power as Prince of
776:
expanded their realm by unifying the
Obotrite tribes and conquering some Liutizi tribes in the 11th century. They encouraged the establishments of bishoprics to support Christian missionary activity. However,
1450:
1967:
944:
Tactics and weaponry were decisive in
Denmark's campaigns against the eastern Polabian Slavs. The Danes utilized quick coastal and river raids, tactics similar to those of the
1386:
Religion was an important aspect of
Polabian society. Much of their territory was dotted with holy places in nature to which the Slavs could pray and make offerings to Slavic
1212:
was situated at the highest altitude of the town and held a barracks, citadel, and princely residence. It was often protected by a moat, walls, and wooden towers. Below the
2138:
160:
are spoken by approximately 22,000–30,000 inhabitants of the region and the languages are regarded by the government of
Germany as official languages of the region.
948:. Although they lacked siege experience, the Danes were able to cripple Slavic regions by burning crops and unwalled suburbs. Slav counterattacks were repulsed by
753:
retained only nominal control over the Slavic territories between the Elbe and the Oder. Despite the efforts of
Christian missionaries, most Polabian Slavs saw
2031:
1960:
2635:
1356:
From a distance, Polabian fleets resembled those of the
Scandinavians, although targets would recognize the Slavs' closely cropped hair and shrieking
451:) and Nisanen who lived along the upper Elbe, while the Chutici, Plisni, Gera, Puonzowa, Tucharin, Weta, and groups of Nelětici lived near the Saale.
1341:
ensured military service from the warriors and taxes from the peasantry. While the countryside provided land forces, the towns were known for their
1953:
1025:, but upon his death the links with the Franks were broken. In a series of bloody wars between 929 and 963 their lands were conquered by King
405:
1937:
2870:
2858:
2829:
2783:
2688:
2453:
2441:
2133:
1081:
2664:
2623:
2470:
2336:
2250:
2218:
2092:
2026:
924:
After conquering Wagria and
Polabia during the 1140s, Saxon nobles attempted to expel the "native" Slavs and replace them with Saxon and
1145:
and expecting reverence from his warriors. However, his authority largely extended only to the territory controlled by his governor, or
745:(Mstivoj) destroyed Hamburg. Some Slavs advanced across the Elbe into Saxon territory, but retreated when the Christian Duke of Poland,
2967:
2900:
2817:
2700:
2676:
2606:
2274:
2262:
1651:
412:. Along the lower Havel and near the confluence of the Elbe and the Havel lived the Nelětici, the Liezizi, the Zemzizi, the Smeldingi (
2795:
2754:
2652:
2521:
2509:
2482:
2409:
894:, however. The Obotrites were largely at peace with the Saxons during the following decade, although Slavic pirates raided Denmark.
455:
considered that the core
Sorbian tribes surely were Colodici, Siusler and Glomaci, and that they also settled and influenced around
2771:
2561:
2846:
1903:
Die Slawen in Deutschland: Geschichte und Kultur der slawischen Stämme westlich von Oder und Neisse vom 6. bis 12. Jahrhundert
1671:
913:, in 1160. The two Christian lords distributed much of the conquered territory among their vassals. When Niklot's exiled son,
3049:
1842:
1409:
1064:
The Slavic language was spoken by the descendants of the Drevani in the area of the lower Elbe until the early 18th century.
980:
deposed the Saxon duke and redistributed his lands in 1180/81. The withdrawal of Saxon support left the Liutizi and their
2972:
2863:
1888:
1869:
1699:
1268:(poultry, cattle). Some villagers were fishermen, beekeepers, or trappers. Farmland was divided into a unit called a
1898:
452:
119:
2097:
1252:, the Polabian towns were relatively large for the Baltic region, such as in comparison to those of Scandinavia.
977:
1320:. Polabian society became militarized and its leaders began organizing armed forces and defenses. Many Polabian
1976:
3198:
1536:
989:
532:
969:
773:
1244:
were built near the shore, out of concern for pirates and raiders. While not highly populated compared to
984:
supporters vulnerable to the Danish fleet. A Slavic fleet attempting to reclaim Rugia was crushed at the
851:
722:
2788:
1030:
1011:
999:
981:
703:
663:
1331:
The magnates often raided Germanic territories or engaged in piracy. In times of large-scale war, the
447:
confederation in the Elbe-Saale region included Citici, Serimunt, Colodici, Siusler, Nizici, Glomaci (
1361:
792:
213:
17:
1774:
1224:, which held the residences for the nobility and merchants. The towns often held wooden temples for
968:. Similar to Henry's reinstatement of Pribislav as a Saxon vassal, Valdemar allowed the Rani prince
1208:
1203:
1077:
914:
778:
1945:
3188:
1159:
786:
662:
attacked the Slavs in several campaigns with his cavalry. During the reigns of Henry and his son
1162:
was able to maintain a sizable army ca. 1100 at the expense of the towns, and the importance of
1430:
711:
707:
579:
1861:
1854:
3157:
1313:
988:
on 19 May 1184. Danish monks engaged in missionary activity in Pomeranian abbeys, and Prince
769:
758:
583:
134:
2851:
1194:
The power of the prince and his governors was often restricted by the river towns, known to
149:
are the only descendants of the Polabian Slavs to have retained their identity and culture.
993:
298:
8:
2942:
2295:
1919:
1830:
961:
746:
177:
48:
2989:
2640:
1202:, especially within the territory of the Veleti. Polabian towns were centered on small
1124:
1034:
898:
695:
606:
563:
1087:
459:, Havelland, Thuringia and northeast Bavaria. To the East possibly later included the
3193:
2807:
2736:
2588:
2378:
1884:
1865:
1838:
1620:
1293:
1292:
Polabian society developed during the 9th and 10th centuries under pressure from the
985:
891:
882:, was largely unsuccessful, resulting in devastation to the Liutizi lands and forced
859:
855:
750:
627:
538:
507:
268:
157:
153:
138:
31:
3059:
2235:
2082:
1675:
1442:
1381:
1265:
1225:
1026:
800:
762:
699:
687:
683:
659:
655:
559:
475:, while to the East of them were the Selpoli and the Besunzanen, and on the middle
51:. The territory of the Polabian Slavs is outlined in purple near the top, with the
666:, several marches were established to guard the eastern acquisitions, such as the
3064:
2834:
2822:
2328:
1703:
1647:
1464:
1454:
1365:
1007:
957:
906:
875:
726:
555:
547:
115:
93:
2414:
1364:
which were effective in quick raiding campaigns, but less effective against the
440:
rivers. Small tribes on the middle Elbe included the Morizani and the Zerwisti.
372:, are sometimes considered to be part of the Veleti. South of the Rani were the
2800:
2446:
2159:
1478:
1350:
1273:
1108:
1018:
925:
902:
879:
824:
691:
679:
240:
185:
106:
44:
2669:
2657:
909:
against the Slavs; their cooperation led to the death of the Obotrite prince,
3182:
3129:
2717:
2255:
2223:
2196:
1399:
1369:
1346:
1038:
871:
835:
812:
671:
667:
614:
515:
472:
464:
444:
437:
433:
401:
201:
142:
130:
111:
3124:
1624:
3053:
2997:
2905:
2744:
2721:
2693:
2628:
2566:
2526:
2487:
2475:
2465:
2458:
2353:
2341:
2267:
2164:
2043:
1996:
1912:
Outlines of comparative philology, with a sketch of the languages of Europe
1404:
1232:. Outside of the walls were homes for the peasantry. With the exception of
1167:
715:
483:
361:
39:
2681:
1881:
Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict Under Louis the German, 817-876
1696:
3022:
2957:
2926:
2875:
2759:
2514:
2431:
2318:
2279:
2087:
1325:
1301:
1233:
1179:
1054:
1022:
1021:
remained independent to a large extent. They were temporarily subdued by
965:
930:
819:
808:
632:
590:
428:, a tribe loosely connected to the Veleti. East of the Hevelli lived the
353:
3119:
1264:
in small villages who engaged in agriculture (rich in grains, flax) and
3084:
3032:
3017:
2618:
2611:
2426:
2421:
2358:
2303:
2240:
2187:
2070:
1984:
1357:
1324:
lived in forest fortresses, while towns were inhabited by warriors and
1241:
1175:
1166:
within the Obodrites only increased after his death. The prince of the
1142:
874:, Saxons began calling for a crusade against their Slav neighbors. The
830:
575:
313:
279:). Other tribes associated with the confederation include the Linones (
236:
181:
97:
85:
635:
himself, in 798. The Veleti noted as Wilzi (referred to themselves as
3099:
3094:
3089:
3079:
3012:
2947:
2882:
2776:
2705:
2573:
2546:
2538:
2363:
2348:
2313:
2245:
2230:
2169:
2128:
2077:
2006:
2001:
1195:
1120:
1102:
917:, engineered an Obotrite rebellion, the pair retaliated by occupying
867:
804:
742:
594:
567:
519:
456:
421:
397:
329:
264:
232:
217:
197:
52:
393:
3114:
3007:
3002:
2952:
2812:
2494:
2308:
2213:
2151:
2123:
2038:
2021:
2011:
1975:
1342:
1317:
1245:
1117:
1096:
1037:. By the 14th century, the majority of Slavs living there had been
949:
843:
644:
602:
429:
349:
337:
248:
244:
133:
since the 9th century and were subsequently included and gradually
81:
1237:
1158:
Princely power often differed between tribes. The Obodrite prince
1072:
365:
3164:
3068:
3027:
2962:
2912:
2892:
2841:
2766:
2712:
2647:
2583:
2551:
2499:
2373:
2368:
2208:
2065:
2053:
1321:
1309:
1305:
1261:
1199:
1147:
1092:
1050:
1046:
1003:
953:
945:
938:
883:
863:
796:
781:
led to the murder of Gottschalk and his replacement by the pagan
738:
734:
730:
647:
lands, with the Obodrites being allies of the Franks against the
622:
543:
527:
495:
491:
487:
468:
460:
425:
369:
360:. The Redarier were the most important of the Veleti tribes. The
325:
302:
294:
281:
252:
209:
205:
193:
188:
to the east of the Elbe. Among other tribes it lists the Uuilci (
168:
3104:
3074:
2985:
2749:
2556:
2504:
2436:
2401:
2397:
2016:
1337:
1297:
1171:
1113:
1058:
934:
918:
910:
887:
847:
654:
German campaigns against the Slavs began in earnest during the
648:
640:
610:
598:
571:
523:
341:
309:
286:
260:
221:
189:
126:
56:
589:
Slavic settlement area was largely stable by the 8th century.
3153:(ethnicity is undefined): = supposedly Eastern Slavic tribes
3109:
2598:
2578:
1488:
1387:
1249:
1137:
1042:
850:
to permanently settle in the lands of the pagan Wagri. Count
782:
754:
618:
511:
417:
409:
381:
357:
345:
290:
272:
225:
146:
101:
76:
60:
1010:
upon his death, thereby leading to the establishment of the
976:
Alarmed at the expansion of Henry the Lion's power, Emperor
348:
Rivers; the Tollenser east and south of the Peene along the
2145:
741:
destroyed the Bishoprics of Havelberg and Brandenburg, and
675:
476:
373:
276:
89:
1625:
The beginnings of Slavic settlement east of the river Elbe
172:
Polabian Slavic Tribes, green is uninhabited forested area
3169:= generally considered synonym for early medieval Slovaks
312:, also known as the Liutizians or Wilzians, included the
27:
Collective term applied to a number of West Slavic tribes
3163:= some of the Silesian tribes are Germanic, for example
1155:
governed small territories based around fortifications.
678:'s death in 965, the Marca Geronis was divided into the
231:
The main tribes of the Obotritic confederation were the
216:
classifies the Polabian Slavs in three main tribes, the
1656:
Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online
714:
were founded to support the conversion of the Slavs to
605:. Many of the Slavic tribes became dependencies of the
479:
the Leubuzzi who were associated with medieval Poland.
1345:, which were lighter and lower than those used by the
574:
in Czechia in the first-third of the 6th century, and
631:
describes an expedition into Slavic territory led by
1186:
was essentially first among the tribe's landowners.
1049:
and the Lusici, have retained their identity within
578:
of Northeast Bavaria in 568. The earliest dating of
582:-type pottery and sites between Elbe and Saale and
1853:
597:as allies in his campaign against the rebellious
536:Primary source about history of Polabian Slavs -
3180:
1977:Early Slavic ethnic groups (7th–12th centuries)
1053:, a region divided between the German states of
566:, the first Slavs reached Southwestern Hungary,
558:who had emigrated by the 6th century during the
145:and assimilated in the following centuries; the
1883:. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
690:, the latter being divided into the marches of
400:. Smaller tribes included the Došane along the
96:. The approximate territory stretched from the
30:"Polabians" redirects here. For the tribe, see
1616:
1614:
1280:), for which peasants paid grain taxes to the
1170:, on the other hand, was limited by the local
921:and warding off Pribislav's Liutizian allies.
352:River; and the Redarier south and east of the
80:, is a collective term applied to a number of
1961:
729:in 982, the pagan Slavs rebelled against the
643:because of their continuous expeditions into
368:, not to be confused with the older Germanic
180:, an anonymous medieval document compiled in
125:The Polabian Slavs were largely conquered by
1938:Map of the lands inhabited by Polabian Slavs
1851:
1534:
1360:when they grew close. Polabian cavalry used
996:in 1185 to become the Danish king's vassal.
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1611:
1216:, but still within the town walls, was the
886:. The campaign did secure Saxon control of
1968:
1954:
1926:(in German). Munich: Ignaz Joseph Lentner.
1905:(in German). Berlin: Akademie-Verlag GmbH.
1666:
1664:
1829:
184:in 830, contains a list of the tribes in
1897:
1878:
1634:
1101:
1086:
1071:
829:
818:
791:
531:
482:Small groups of West Slavs lived on the
167:
38:
1909:
1661:
1123:, established about 810 in present-day
554:The Polabian Slavs partly replaced the
88:) tribes who lived scattered along the
14:
3181:
1751:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1441:
1949:
1581:
1579:
1410:Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps
834:Reconstruction of Slavic gord at the
1918:
1652:Archaeology of the Slavic Migrations
1595:
1593:
1591:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1260:The majority of Polabian Slavs were
1006:, bequeathed his lands to the Saxon
901:of Denmark enlisted the aid of Duke
870:. Impressed with the success of the
546:from the 12th century translated to
396:; the former gave their name to the
1924:Die Deutschen und die Nachbarstämme
1914:. New York: University of Virginia.
1910:De Vere, Maximilian Schele (1853).
1810:
1801:
1792:
1758:
1746:
1734:
1718:
1631:, Volume 78, Issue 300. pp. 314–329
1335:took overall command. The prince's
823:Reconstruction of Slavic gord near
749:, attacked them from the east. The
212:) with 14 civitates and so on. The
208:) with 30 civitates, the Hehfeldi (
24:
1835:Słowianie połabscy. Dzieje zagłady
1672:"Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne"
1576:
1519:
1206:arranged in circles or ovals. The
897:Beginning in the late 1150s, King
204:) with 50 civitates, the Milzane (
25:
3210:
1931:
1860:. London: Penguin Books. p.
1588:
1556:
1135:A Polabian prince was known as a
1091:Reconstruction of Slavic gord in
789:eventually killed Kruto in 1093.
416:), and the Bethenici. The middle
156:is now extinct. However, the two
1837:(in Polish). Warszawa: Bellona.
1304:. They were often forced to pay
200:) with 53 civitates, the Surbi (
1823:
1767:
1709:
1690:
1033:and were incorporated into the
408:, and the Rěčanen on the upper
1879:Goldberg, Eric Joseph (2006).
1602:
1547:
1528:
1510:
1422:
1041:and assimilated. However, the
941:, and a vassal of the Saxons.
13:
1:
1503:
324:) along the lower Warnow and
1443:[ˈpɔwɔpskɛˈswɔwʲanɨ]
1255:
1240:, few Polabian towns on the
1002:, a Christian prince of the
785:of Wagria. Gottschalk's son
141:. The tribes were gradually
7:
1852:Christiansen, Erik (1997).
1393:
1375:
1287:
878:of 1147, concurrent to the
10:
3215:
1379:
1130:
1067:
1012:Margraviate of Brandenburg
505:
501:
29:
3146:
3045:
3041:
2983:
2934:
2925:
2891:
2735:
2597:
2537:
2396:
2387:
2327:
2294:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2119:
2112:
2061:
2052:
1992:
1983:
1076:Reconstruction of Slavic
1045:, the descendants of the
550:by Jan Papłoński in 1862.
289:, the Travnjane near the
214:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
163:
1415:
1189:
960:in 1168, conquering the
733:the following year; the
570:in Western Slovakia and
59:groups in white and the
1434:
1174:, which was led by the
1082:Groß Raden, Mecklenburg
92:river in what is today
1482:
1468:
1458:
1316:bishops, and imperial
1277:
1127:
1099:
1084:
839:
827:
816:
639:) were invaded by the
617:to defend against the
551:
173:
64:
63:groups colored purple.
1856:The Northern Crusades
1702:12 April 2016 at the
1537:"Peinliches Hickhack"
1105:
1090:
1075:
846:nobles advanced into
833:
822:
799:destroys the idol of
797:Danish Bishop Absalon
795:
702:. Bishoprics such as
670:to the north and the
535:
404:, the Zamzizi in the
171:
47:from 919 to 1125, by
42:
3199:Slavic ethnic groups
1831:Barkowski, Robert F.
1706:at the Latin Library
992:surrendered to King
978:Frederick Barbarossa
768:The Obotrite prince
721:After the defeat of
674:to the south. After
424:were settled by the
271:proper (between the
74:and more broadly as
2943:Seven Slavic tribes
1658:. BRILL, pp. 13–16.
1608:Herrmann, 26–27, 32
1112:border between the
299:Hanoverian Wendland
196:, the Nortabtrezi (
178:Bavarian Geographer
49:William R. Shepherd
2948:Southern Severians
1715:Barkowski, 152–155
1621:Brather, Sebastian
1535:Heinz Kannenberg.
1469:Słowianie połabscy
1128:
1125:Schleswig-Holstein
1100:
1085:
1035:Kingdom of Germany
899:Valdemar the Great
842:From 1140 to 1143
840:
828:
817:
607:Carolingian Empire
564:radiocarbon dating
552:
494:, in northeastern
174:
118:in the south, and
100:in the north, the
65:
3176:
3175:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3069:Pannonian Dulebes
2921:
2920:
2731:
2730:
2290:
2289:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2108:
2107:
1997:Carpathian Croats
1899:Herrmann, Joachim
1844:978-83-11-13741-7
1678:on 9 October 2014
1435:Połobske Słowjany
1294:Holy Roman Empire
986:Bay of Greifswald
856:Henry of Badewide
811:in a painting by
751:Holy Roman Empire
628:Vita Karoli Magni
539:Chronica Slavorum
508:Chronica Slavorum
301:and the northern
158:Sorbian languages
154:Polabian language
139:Holy Roman Empire
110:in the west, the
32:Polabians (tribe)
16:(Redirected from
3206:
3060:Asia Minor Slavs
3043:
3042:
2976:
2935:Bulgarian tribes
2932:
2931:
2909:
2879:
2867:
2855:
2838:
2826:
2804:
2792:
2780:
2767:Bohemian Dulebes
2763:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2673:
2661:
2644:
2632:
2615:
2570:
2530:
2518:
2491:
2479:
2462:
2450:
2418:
2394:
2393:
2345:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2227:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2142:
2117:
2116:
2101:
2059:
2058:
2035:
1990:
1989:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1927:
1915:
1906:
1894:
1875:
1859:
1848:
1817:
1816:Christiansen, 35
1814:
1808:
1807:Christiansen, 34
1805:
1799:
1798:Christiansen, 15
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1771:
1765:
1764:Christiansen, 29
1762:
1756:
1755:Christiansen, 33
1753:
1744:
1743:Christiansen, 32
1741:
1732:
1731:Christiansen, 28
1729:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1674:. Archived from
1668:
1659:
1645:
1632:
1618:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1586:
1585:Christiansen, 27
1583:
1574:
1571:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1532:
1526:
1525:Christiansen, 18
1523:
1517:
1514:
1497:
1483:Polabští Slované
1453:
1445:
1440:
1426:
1382:Slavic mythology
1308:to the kings of
1266:animal husbandry
1027:Henry the Fowler
858:took control of
854:of Holstein and
779:a revolt in 1066
688:Thuringian March
684:March of Lusatia
660:Henry the Fowler
656:Ottonian dynasty
560:migration period
453:Joachim Herrmann
384:and the Morici (
70:, also known as
21:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3134:
3065:Pannonian Slavs
3037:
2979:
2970:
2917:
2903:
2887:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2832:
2820:
2798:
2786:
2774:
2757:
2745:Bohemian Croats
2727:
2703:
2691:
2679:
2667:
2655:
2638:
2626:
2609:
2593:
2564:
2533:
2524:
2512:
2485:
2473:
2456:
2444:
2412:
2389:Polabian tribes
2383:
2354:Silesian Croats
2339:
2329:Silesian tribes
2323:
2286:
2277:
2265:
2253:
2221:
2174:
2136:
2113:Northern tribes
2104:
2095:
2048:
2029:
1979:
1974:
1940:
1934:
1891:
1872:
1845:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1747:
1742:
1735:
1730:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1704:Wayback Machine
1697:Full Latin text
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1648:Michel Kazanski
1646:
1635:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1572:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1493:Slavi Polabicae
1449:
1438:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1396:
1384:
1378:
1290:
1258:
1192:
1133:
1070:
1008:Albert the Bear
876:Wendish Crusade
862:settlements at
761:" and remained
727:Battle of Stilo
562:. According to
556:Germanic tribes
548:Polish language
530:
506:Main articles:
504:
420:region and the
166:
116:Western Sudetes
94:eastern Germany
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3212:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3189:Polabian Slavs
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3062:
3057:
3046:
3039:
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3030:
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3015:
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2994:
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2965:
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2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2839:
2827:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2793:
2781:
2769:
2764:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2715:
2710:
2698:
2686:
2674:
2662:
2650:
2645:
2633:
2621:
2616:
2603:
2601:
2595:
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2497:
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2391:
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2272:
2260:
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2205:
2199:
2190:
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2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1932:External links
1930:
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1380:Main article:
1377:
1374:
1289:
1286:
1257:
1254:
1191:
1188:
1132:
1129:
1109:Limes Saxoniae
1069:
1066:
1031:Otto the Great
1019:Lusatian Sorbs
964:stronghold of
958:occupied Rugia
952:and Norwegian
903:Henry the Lion
880:Second Crusade
825:Neubrandenburg
680:Northern March
503:
500:
336:) between the
241:Schweriner See
226:Lusatian Sorbs
186:Central Europe
165:
162:
107:Limes Saxoniae
68:Polabian Slavs
45:Central Europe
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3211:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
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3187:
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3162:
3159:
3156:= supposedly
3155:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3131:
3130:Praedenecenti
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
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2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:Union of the
2940:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2893:Slovak tribes
2890:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2857:
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2845:
2843:
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2702:
2699:
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2622:
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2617:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2408:
2407:
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2403:
2399:
2395:
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2377:
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2367:
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2355:
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2326:
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2239:
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2225:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2197:Polish tribes
2194:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2099:
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2086:
2084:
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2079:
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2037:
2033:
2028:
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1890:0-8014-3890-X
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1871:0-14-026653-4
1867:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1776:
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1761:
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1740:
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1728:
1726:
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1722:
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1705:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1677:
1673:
1667:
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1653:
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1626:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1605:
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1582:
1580:
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1568:
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1562:
1560:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1509:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1431:Lower Sorbian
1429:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Leipzig group
1398:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1370:heavy cavalry
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
942:
940:
936:
932:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
872:First Crusade
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
838:(Gord Island)
837:
836:Burgwallinsel
832:
826:
821:
814:
813:Laurits Tuxen
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
788:
784:
780:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:Marca Geronis
669:
668:Billung March
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:
624:
620:
616:
615:Sorbian March
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
593:enlisted the
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
549:
545:
541:
540:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
516:Sorbian March
513:
509:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
473:Upper Lusatia
470:
466:
465:Lower Lusatia
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
432:of the lower
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
356:on the upper
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:) (the upper
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
170:
161:
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
122:in the east.
121:
117:
113:
112:Ore Mountains
109:
108:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3150:
3105:Diokletlians
3054:Carantanians
3050:Alpine Slavs
2998:Drougoubitai
2737:Czech tribes
2388:
2044:Bolokhovians
1923:
1920:Zeuß, Kaspar
1911:
1902:
1880:
1855:
1834:
1824:Bibliography
1812:
1803:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1769:
1760:
1711:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:the original
1655:
1628:
1604:
1549:
1540:
1530:
1521:
1516:De Vere, 353
1512:
1492:
1472:
1424:
1405:Tornow group
1385:
1362:small horses
1358:battle cries
1355:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1291:
1281:
1269:
1259:
1242:Baltic coast
1229:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1193:
1183:
1163:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1107:
1095:- Raddusch,
1063:
1029:and his son
1016:
998:
975:
956:. The Danes
943:
923:
896:
841:
772:and his son
767:
720:
716:Christianity
653:
636:
626:
613:created the
588:
553:
537:
481:
448:
442:
413:
392:) along the
389:
385:
380:) along the
377:
333:
321:
317:
307:
280:
256:
230:
175:
151:
124:
105:
75:
71:
67:
66:
43:Map of West-
36:
3158:Finno-Ugric
3125:Branichevci
3090:Zachlumians
3023:Belegezites
2971: [
2958:Strymonites
2927:South Slavs
2904: [
2874: [
2862: [
2850: [
2833: [
2821: [
2799: [
2787: [
2775: [
2758: [
2722:White Serbs
2704: [
2692: [
2680: [
2668: [
2656: [
2639: [
2627: [
2610: [
2565: [
2525: [
2513: [
2486: [
2474: [
2457: [
2445: [
2432:Tollensians
2413: [
2340: [
2319:Slovincians
2296:Pomeranians
2278: [
2266: [
2254: [
2222: [
2137: [
2096: [
2088:Dregoviches
2030: [
1941:(in Polish)
1784:16 December
1599:Herrmann, 9
1573:Herrmann, 8
1553:Herrmann, 7
1368:and Danish
1302:Scandinavia
1228:within the
1226:Slavic gods
1196:chroniclers
1182:; the Rani
1180:Cape Arkona
1176:high priest
1055:Brandenburg
1023:Charlemagne
931:Mecklenburg
708:Brandenburg
637:Welatabians
633:Charlemagne
591:Charlemagne
449:Daleminzier
406:Ruppin Land
354:Tollensesee
267:); and the
137:within the
135:assimilated
86:West Slavic
3183:Categories
3095:Travunians
3085:Narentines
3033:Rhynchinoi
3018:Baiounitai
2871:Lupiglians
2859:Domazhlici
2830:Sedlichans
2784:Litomerici
2689:Neletiches
2619:Glomatians
2454:Neletyches
2442:Morzyczans
2427:Kessinians
2422:Circipania
2359:Dadosesani
2304:Kashubians
2241:Sieradzans
2188:West Slavs
2071:Volhynians
1985:East Slavs
1780:. Utlib.ee
1504:References
1473:Połabianie
1439:pronounced
1204:earthworks
1143:hinterland
1039:Germanized
990:Bogislaw I
982:Pomeranian
774:Gottschalk
759:German god
686:, and the
576:Regensburg
414:Smeldinger
334:Zirzipanen
314:Kessinians
293:, and the
237:Wismar Bay
224:, and the
192:) with 95
182:Regensburg
143:Germanized
98:Baltic Sea
72:Elbe Slavs
3120:Timochans
3100:Kanalites
3080:Guduscani
3013:Sagudates
2990:Macedonia
2883:Znetalici
2808:Moravians
2665:Zhirmunts
2636:Lusatians
2624:Koledices
2599:Lusatians
2589:Polabians
2574:Smeldingi
2547:Bethenici
2539:Obotrites
2471:Redariers
2379:Silesians
2364:Golensizi
2337:Bezunzans
2314:Wolinians
2251:Kujawians
2246:Vistulans
2231:Masovians
2219:Lubuszans
2129:Polochans
2093:Narevyans
2078:Drevlians
2027:Don Slavs
2007:Severians
2002:Radimichs
1682:4 January
1650:(2020). "
1629:Antiquity
1623:(2004). "
1459:Elbslawen
1451:‹See Tfd›
1343:longships
1318:margraves
1256:Peasantry
1222:suburbium
1200:civitates
1121:Obotrites
1000:Pribislav
994:Canute VI
950:crossbows
915:Pribislav
868:Racisburg
844:Holsatian
805:Svantevit
747:Mieszko I
743:Obotrites
712:Havelberg
704:Magdeburg
696:Merseburg
595:Obotrites
568:Suchohrad
520:Obotrites
457:Magdeburg
422:Havelland
398:Uckermark
330:Circipani
269:Polabians
265:Mildenitz
247:(eastern
233:Obotrites
218:Obotrites
198:Obotrites
194:civitates
18:Polabians
3194:Lechites
3115:Moravens
3008:Melingoi
3003:Ezeritai
2968:Milcovci
2953:Smolyani
2901:Nitrians
2818:Pshovans
2813:Merehani
2701:Nizhices
2677:Zhitices
2607:Khutices
2495:Sprevane
2349:Bobrzans
2309:Prissani
2275:Thafnezi
2263:Wiercans
2214:Lendians
2160:Slovenes
2152:Smolensk
2124:Krivichs
2039:Zeriuani
2022:Vyatichi
2012:Tivertsi
1922:(1837).
1901:(1970).
1833:(2015).
1700:Archived
1394:See also
1376:Religion
1326:burghers
1322:magnates
1314:Catholic
1296:and the
1288:Military
1262:peasants
1246:Flanders
1118:Lechites
1116:and the
1097:Vetschau
954:longbows
884:baptisms
860:Polabian
852:Adolf II
645:Obodrite
609:and the
603:Holstein
486:and the
467:and the
430:Sprevane
390:Müritzer
386:Morizani
350:Tollense
338:Recknitz
322:Chyzzini
318:Kessiner
275:and the
257:Warnower
249:Holstein
245:Wagrians
235:proper (
114:and the
104:and the
82:Lechitic
53:Obotrite
3165:Silings
3028:Berziti
2963:Moratsi
2913:Slovaks
2842:Zlicans
2796:Luchans
2755:Dechans
2713:Nishans
2653:Suslowi
2648:Milceni
2584:Warnabi
2552:Drevani
2522:Zemcici
2510:Zamcici
2500:Hevelli
2483:Rechans
2410:Brizans
2374:Selpoli
2369:Opolans
2209:Goplans
2134:Pskov's
2083:Polans
2066:Buzhans
2054:Dulebes
1775:"p. 85"
1310:Denmark
1306:tribute
1298:Vikings
1151:. Each
1131:Princes
1093:Lusatia
1068:Society
1051:Lusatia
1047:Milceni
1004:Hevelli
970:Jaromar
946:Vikings
939:Rostock
926:Flemish
892:Polabia
864:Liubice
739:Liutizi
735:Hevelli
731:Germans
725:at the
723:Otto II
700:Meissen
623:Einhard
544:Helmold
528:Hevelli
502:History
496:Bavaria
492:Bamberg
488:Regnitz
469:Milceni
426:Hevelli
378:Ukranen
370:Rugians
326:Rostock
303:Altmark
297:in the
295:Drevani
285:) near
282:Linonen
253:Warnabi
251:); the
243:); the
239:to the
210:Hevelli
206:Milceni
3160:tribes
3075:Croats
2986:Greece
2772:Lemuzi
2750:Czechs
2562:Reregs
2557:Linons
2505:Ukrani
2466:Rujani
2437:Doxani
2402:Lutici
2398:Veleti
2236:Polans
2170:Muroma
2017:Ulichs
1887:
1868:
1841:
1541:moz.de
1465:Polish
1455:German
1351:Swedes
1338:voivot
1282:voivot
1270:kuritz
1234:Arkona
1172:senate
1160:Henryk
1153:voivod
1148:voivod
1114:Saxons
1059:Saxony
966:Arkona
937:, and
935:Kessin
919:Demmin
911:Niklot
907:Saxony
888:Wagria
848:Wagria
809:Arkona
801:Slavic
757:as a "
710:, and
698:, and
682:, the
664:Otto I
649:Saxons
641:Franks
611:Franks
599:Saxons
580:Prague
572:Prague
526:, and
524:Veleti
461:Lusici
394:Müritz
344:, and
342:Trebel
328:; the
310:Veleti
287:Lenzen
261:Warnow
222:Veleti
220:, the
190:Veleti
164:Tribes
127:Saxons
120:Poland
57:Veleti
3151:Notes
3110:Serbs
2975:]
2908:]
2878:]
2866:]
2854:]
2847:Hbans
2837:]
2825:]
2803:]
2791:]
2779:]
2762:]
2718:Sorbs
2708:]
2696:]
2684:]
2672:]
2660:]
2643:]
2631:]
2614:]
2579:Wagri
2569:]
2529:]
2517:]
2490:]
2478:]
2461:]
2449:]
2417:]
2344:]
2282:]
2270:]
2258:]
2226:]
2165:Merya
2141:]
2100:]
2034:]
1778:(PDF)
1489:Latin
1479:Czech
1416:Notes
1366:Saxon
1347:Danes
1278:uncus
1274:Latin
1250:Italy
1238:Rügen
1190:Towns
1043:Sorbs
787:Henry
783:Kruto
763:pagan
755:Jesus
692:Zeitz
619:Sorbs
584:Sukow
512:Sorbs
490:near
445:Sorbs
438:Spree
434:Dahme
418:Havel
410:Havel
402:Dosse
382:Ucker
366:Rügen
358:Havel
346:Peene
291:Trave
273:Trave
202:Sorbs
147:Sorbs
131:Danes
102:Saale
77:Wends
2988:and
2400:and
2146:Tver
1885:ISBN
1866:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1786:2013
1684:2014
1388:gods
1349:and
1333:knes
1230:urbs
1218:urbs
1214:gord
1209:gord
1184:knez
1168:Rani
1164:knez
1138:knez
1106:The
1078:gord
1057:and
1017:The
962:Rani
890:and
866:and
803:god
737:and
676:Gero
484:Main
477:Oder
443:The
436:and
374:Ucri
362:Rani
308:The
277:Elbe
263:and
176:The
152:The
129:and
90:Elbe
61:Sorb
55:and
2984:in
1862:287
1654:".
1627:".
1300:of
1248:or
1236:on
1220:or
1198:as
1178:at
1080:in
905:of
807:at
770:Udo
625:in
601:of
542:of
471:of
463:of
364:of
3185::
2973:ru
2906:pl
2876:pl
2864:ru
2852:uk
2835:pl
2823:cs
2801:cs
2789:pl
2777:cs
2760:pl
2706:pl
2694:pl
2682:pl
2670:pl
2658:pl
2641:pl
2629:pl
2612:pl
2567:pl
2527:pl
2515:pl
2488:pl
2476:pl
2459:pl
2447:pl
2415:pl
2342:de
2280:pl
2268:pl
2256:pl
2224:pl
2154:'s
2148:'s
2139:ru
2098:ru
2032:ru
1864:.
1748:^
1736:^
1720:^
1663:^
1636:^
1613:^
1590:^
1578:^
1558:^
1539:.
1491::
1481::
1471:,
1467::
1457::
1437:,
1433::
1372:.
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1284:.
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621:.
522:,
518:,
514:,
510:,
498:.
388:,
340:,
320:,
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3056:)
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2724:)
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1955:v
1893:.
1874:.
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1485:;
1475:;
1461:;
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