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and H. Pelzer in 1955. R.H Ritchie predicted surface plasmons in 1957, then
Ritchie and H.B. Eldridge published experiments and predictions of emitted photons from irradiated metal foils in 1962. Otto first published on surface plasmon-polaritons in 1968. Room-temperature superfluidity of polaritons
915:
Whenever the polariton picture is valid (i.e., when the weak coupling limit is an invalid approximation), the model of photons propagating freely in crystals is insufficient. A major feature of polaritons is a strong dependency of the propagation speed of light through the crystal on the
1426:
Lerario, Giovanni; Fieramosca, Antonio; Barachati, Fábio; Ballarini, Dario; Daskalakis, Konstantinos S.; Dominici, Lorenzo; De Giorgi, Milena; Maier, Stefan A.; Gigli, Giuseppe; Kéna-Cohen, Stéphane; Sanvitto, Daniele (2017). "Room-temperature superfluidity in a polariton condensate".
956:, was adopted. Coupled states of electromagnetic waves and phonons in ionic crystals and their dispersion relation, now known as phonon polaritons, were obtained by Tolpygo in 1950 and, independently, by
1836:
103:. Red curves are the uncoupled phonon and photon dispersion relations, black curves are the result of coupling (from top to bottom: upper polariton, LO phonon, lower polariton).
1049:
1933:
786:
61:
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1608:
Eradat, N.; et al. (2002). "Evidence for braggoriton excitations in opal photonic crystals infiltrated with highly polarizable dyes".
1093:
pi-tons result from coupling of alternating charge or spin fluctuations with light, distinctly different from magnon or exciton polaritons;
892:
of a given material or structure arising from the strong coupling of the bare modes, which are the photon and the dipolar oscillation. The
1578:
1283:
1661:
Yuen-Zhou, Joel; Saikin, Semion K.; Zhu, Tony; Onbasli, Mehmet C.; Ross, Caroline A.; Bulovic, Vladimir; Baldo, Marc A. (2016-06-09).
1252:
2707:
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779:
1383:
Otto, A. (1968). "Excitation of nonradiative surface plasma waves in silver by the method of frustrated total reflection".
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of the photon. For exciton-polaritons, a wealth of experimental results on various aspects have been gained in the case of
1987:
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978:
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79:
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1904:
Hopfield, J. J. (1958). "Theory of the
Contribution of Excitons to the Complex Dielectric Constant of Crystals".
524:
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699:
179:
1832:"The Interaction of Radio-Frequency Fields With Dielectric Materials at Macroscopic to Mesoscopic Scales"
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at room temperature. In
February 2018, scientists reported the discovery of a new three-photon form of
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Description of the experimental research on polariton fluids at the
Institute of Nanotechnologies.
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1980:
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Tolpygo, K.B. (1950). "Physical properties of a rock salt lattice made up of deformable ions".
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944:. They were termed light-excitons in Soviet scientific literature. That name was suggested by
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Kauch, A.; et al. (2020). "Generic
Optical Excitations of Correlated Systems: pi-tons".
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1934:"New type of supercomputer could be based on 'magic dust' combination of light and matter"
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Huang, Kun (1951). "On the interaction between the radiation field and ionic crystals".
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K.B. Tolpygo, "Physical properties of a rock salt lattice made up of deformable ions",
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Fano, U. (1956). "Atomic Theory of
Electromagnetic Interactions in Dense Materials".
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1482:"Physics Creates New Form Of Light That Could Drive The Quantum Computing Revolution"
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YouTube animation explaining what is polariton in a semiconductor micro-resonator.
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with a polar excitation in a material. The following are types of polaritons:
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Huang, Kun (1951). "Lattice vibrations and optical waves in ionic crystals".
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Institute of
Nanotechnology, using an organic microcavity supporting stable
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989:, which may involve polaritons, that could be useful in the development of
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Journal of
Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
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1510:"Observation of three-photon bound states in a quantum nonlinear medium"
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with light (the wavelength depends on the substance and its geometry);
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888:. To this extent polaritons can also be thought of as the new
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1246:. vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 497–509 (1950), English translation:
940:
in 1929. Polaritons were first considered theoretically by
868:-carrying excitation. They are an expression of the common
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Bragg polaritons ("Braggoritons") result from coupling of
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1844:. National Institute of Science and Technology: 1–60.
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quasiparticle), which is an electron plus an attached
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was observed in 2016 by
Giovanni Lerario et al., at
960:
in 1951. Collective interactions were published by
845:
830:
821:
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900:quasiparticle, and should not be confused with the
818:
52:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
1001:A polariton is the result of the combination of a
3050:
932:Oscillations in ionized gases were observed by
1663:"Plexciton Dirac points and topological modes"
1508:Liang, Qi-Yu; et al. (16 February 2018).
1981:
1168:
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1936:. University of Cambridge. 25 September 2017
1826:
1507:
1501:
1169:Tonks, Lewi; Langmuir, Irving (1929-02-01).
27:Quasiparticles arising from EM wave coupling
1988:
1974:
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1342:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
1086:Magnon polaritons result from coupling of
880:. Polaritons describe the crossing of the
787:
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1621:
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80:Learn how and when to remove this message
64:, without removing the technical details.
1995:
1903:
91:
1480:Hignett, Katherine (16 February 2018).
1479:
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14:
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1601:
1282:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1969:
1803:(4 ed.). Springer. p. 105.
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62:make it understandable to non-experts
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1214:
36:
1797:Klingshirn, Claus F. (2012-07-06).
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860:resulting from strong coupling of
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1949:
1250:, vol. 53, special issue (2008);
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3032:
2925:Timeline of particle discoveries
808:
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1570:
1171:"Oscillations in Ionized Gases"
1768:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.047401
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884:of light with any interacting
13:
1:
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864:with an electric or magnetic
2941:History of subatomic physics
1580:Optical Properties of Solids
1248:Ukrainian Journal of Physics
972:were described in silver by
7:
1100:
1040:result from coupling of an
1012:result from coupling of an
10:
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1056:Surface plasmon polaritons
983:Frenkel exciton-polaritons
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878:avoided crossing principle
330:Spin gapless semiconductor
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1229:(6): 497–509, in Russian.
942:Kirill Borisovich Tolpygo
270:Electronic band structure
2958:mathematical formulation
2553:Eta and eta prime mesons
1926:10.1103/PhysRev.112.1555
1897:10.1103/PhysRev.103.1202
1058:result from coupling of
1026:result from coupling of
996:
946:Solomon Isaakovich Pekar
180:Bose–Einstein condensate
111:Condensed matter physics
99:of phonon polaritons in
30:Not to be confused with
2620:Double-charm tetraquark
1585:Oxford University Press
1546:10.1126/science.aao7293
1152:Oxford University Press
1050:intersubband excitation
1038:Intersubband polaritons
1016:photon with an optical
1362:10.1098/rspa.1951.0166
1195:10.1103/PhysRev.33.195
104:
3017:Wave–particle duality
3007:Relativistic particle
2144:Electron antineutrino
1667:Nature Communications
1148:UK English Dictionary
1079:result from coupling
862:electromagnetic waves
325:Topological insulator
95:
2247:Faddeev–Popov ghosts
1997:Particles in physics
1850:10.6028/jres.117.001
1800:Semiconductor Optics
1117:Polariton superfluid
876:, also known as the
872:phenomenon known as
343:Electronic phenomena
190:Fermionic condensate
3022:Particle chauvinism
2965:Subatomic particles
1918:1958PhRv..112.1555H
1889:1956PhRv..103.1202F
1760:2020PhRvL.124d7401K
1697:10.1038/ncomms11783
1689:2016NatCo...711783Y
1632:2002ApPhL..80.3491E
1538:2018Sci...359..783L
1451:2017NatPh..13..837L
1397:1968ZPhy..216..398O
1354:1951RSPSA.208..352H
1311:1951Natur.167..779H
1187:1929PhRv...33..195T
350:Quantum Hall effect
97:Dispersion relation
1577:Fox, Mark (2010).
1405:10.1007/BF01391532
1096:Cavity polaritons.
1067:Bragg photon modes
1024:Exciton polaritons
747:Physics portal
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3002:Massless particle
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2154:Muon antineutrino
2139:Electron neutrino
1640:10.1063/1.1479197
1522:(6377): 783–786.
1459:10.1038/nphys4147
1348:(1094): 352–365.
1305:(4254): 779–780.
1244:Zh. Eks.Teor. Fiz
1010:Phonon polaritons
991:quantum computers
797:
796:
495:Granular material
263:Electronic phases
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16:(Redirected from
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3012:Virtual particle
2783:Mesonic molecule
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2558:Bottom eta meson
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2429:W′ and Z′ bosons
2419:Sterile neutrino
2404:Majorana fermion
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1154:. Archived from
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1429:Nature Physics
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2149:Muon neutrino
2147:
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2081:Bottom (quark
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1744:(4): 047401.
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1265:on 2015-12-08
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1028:visible light
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1008:
1007:
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1004:
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992:
988:
984:
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975:
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968:in 1952, and
967:
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954:John Hopfield
951:
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541:
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531:
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525:Van der Waals
523:
522:
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506:
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347:
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331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
320:Ferroelectric
318:
316:
315:Piezoelectric
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
290:Semiconductor
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
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268:
267:
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259:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
230:
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218:
216:
213:
211:
210:Superfluidity
208:
206:
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109:
108:
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98:
94:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
50:This article
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3037:
2873:
2708:Hypothetical
2656:Exotic atoms
2525:Omega baryon
2515:Sigma baryon
2505:Delta baryon
2257:Hypothetical
2239:Ghost fields
2225:Higgs boson
2159:Tau neutrino
2051:Charm (quark
1940:28 September
1938:. Retrieved
1909:
1905:
1880:
1876:
1841:
1835:
1799:
1792:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1616:(19): 3491.
1613:
1609:
1603:
1579:
1572:
1519:
1513:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1485:
1475:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1267:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1247:
1243:
1226:
1222:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1156:the original
1144:
1135:
1122:Polaritonics
1000:
952:proposed by
949:
931:
914:
893:
890:normal modes
804:
798:
655:von Klitzing
447:
360:Kondo effect
220:Time crystal
200:Fermi liquid
76:
67:
51:
2990:Quark model
2758:Theta meson
2661:Positronium
2573:Omega meson
2568:J/psi meson
2498:Antineutron
2409:Dark photon
2374:Graviphoton
2333:Stop squark
2041:Down (quark
1493:17 February
1141:"Polariton"
1090:with light;
979:CNR NANOTEC
962:David Pines
477:Soft matter
398:Ferromagnet
2732:Heptaquark
2693:Superatoms
2626:Pentaquark
2616:Tetraquark
2598:Quarkonium
2488:Antiproton
2389:Leptoquark
2324:Neutralino
2086:antiquark)
2076:antiquark)
2071:Top (quark
2066:antiquark)
2056:antiquark)
2046:antiquark)
2036:antiquark)
2005:Elementary
1751:1902.09342
1680:1509.03687
1529:1709.01478
1442:1609.03153
1269:2015-10-15
1128:References
1077:Plexcitons
1069:with bulk
966:David Bohm
950:polariton,
934:Lewi Tonks
882:dispersion
805:polaritons
620:Louis Néel
610:Schrieffer
518:Scientists
412:Spin glass
407:Metamagnet
389:Paramagnet
205:Supersolid
70:April 2018
18:Polaritons
2970:Particles
2915:Particles
2874:Polariton
2864:Plasmaron
2834:Dropleton
2727:Hexaquark
2698:Molecules
2686:Protonium
2563:Phi meson
2548:Rho meson
2520:Xi baryon
2452:Composite
2288:Gravitino
2031:Up (quark
1784:119215630
1705:2041-1723
1673:: 11783.
1648:119077076
1467:119298251
1413:119934323
1046:terahertz
958:Huang Kun
918:frequency
906:fermionic
894:polariton
886:resonance
720:Wetterich
700:Abrikosov
615:Josephson
585:Van Vleck
575:Luttinger
448:Polariton
380:Diamagnet
300:Conductor
295:Semimetal
280:Insulator
195:Fermi gas
3053:Category
2946:timeline
2798:R-hadron
2753:Glueball
2737:Skyrmion
2671:Tauonium
2384:Inflaton
2379:Graviton
2359:Curvaton
2329:Sfermion
2319:Higgsino
2314:Chargino
2275:Gauginos
2134:Neutrino
2119:Antimuon
2109:Positron
2104:Electron
2014:Fermions
1868:26900513
1830:(2012).
1776:32058776
1723:27278258
1564:29449489
1487:Newsweek
1370:97746500
1327:30926099
1278:cite web
1101:See also
1081:plasmons
1071:excitons
1042:infrared
1030:with an
1014:infrared
970:plasmons
760:Category
705:Ginzburg
680:Laughlin
640:Kadanoff
595:Shockley
580:Anderson
535:von Laue
185:Bose gas
2934:Related
2905:Baryons
2879:Polaron
2869:Plasmon
2844:Fracton
2839:Exciton
2793:Diquark
2788:Pomeron
2763:T meson
2720:Baryons
2681:Pionium
2666:Muonium
2593:D meson
2588:B meson
2493:Neutron
2478:Nucleon
2470:Baryons
2461:Hadrons
2424:Tachyon
2399:Majoron
2364:Dilaton
2293:Photino
2129:Antitau
2096:Leptons
1914:Bibcode
1885:Bibcode
1859:4553869
1756:Bibcode
1714:4906226
1685:Bibcode
1628:Bibcode
1555:6467536
1534:Bibcode
1515:Science
1447:Bibcode
1393:Bibcode
1385:Z. Phys
1350:Bibcode
1307:Bibcode
1204:1085653
1183:Bibcode
1032:exciton
928:History
912:cloud.
902:polaron
898:bosonic
870:quantum
801:physics
710:Leggett
685:Störmer
670:Bednorz
630:Giaever
600:Bardeen
590:Hubbard
565:Peierls
555:Onsager
505:Polymer
490:Colloid
453:Polaron
444:Plasmon
439:Exciton
56:Please
32:Polaron
2910:Mesons
2859:Phonon
2854:Magnon
2776:Others
2746:Mesons
2639:Others
2535:Mesons
2483:Proton
2347:Others
2302:Others
2283:Gluino
2217:Scalar
2197:Photon
2180:Bosons
2023:Quarks
1866:
1856:
1807:
1782:
1774:
1721:
1711:
1703:
1646:
1591:
1562:
1552:
1465:
1411:
1368:
1325:
1299:Nature
1201:
1146:Lexico
1088:magnon
1018:phonon
1003:photon
910:phonon
866:dipole
758:
725:Perdew
715:Parisi
675:Müller
665:Rohrer
660:Binnig
650:Wilson
645:Fisher
605:Cooper
570:Landau
458:Magnon
434:Phonon
275:Plasma
175:Plasma
165:Liquid
130:Phases
2898:Lists
2889:Trion
2884:Roton
2824:Anyon
2651:Atoms
2414:Preon
2354:Axion
2309:Axino
2202:Gluon
2189:Gauge
1780:S2CID
1746:arXiv
1675:arXiv
1644:S2CID
1618:arXiv
1524:arXiv
1463:S2CID
1437:arXiv
1409:S2CID
1366:S2CID
1344:. A.
1323:S2CID
1263:(PDF)
1256:(PDF)
997:Types
987:light
896:is a
625:Esaki
550:Bloch
545:Debye
540:Bragg
530:Onnes
463:Roton
160:Solid
2849:Hole
2676:Onia
2583:Kaon
2543:Pion
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