169:
150:
28:
159:
140:
106:
117:
128:
591:
In 1494, King John began military preparations for a new raid, despite a three-year truce that was signed on April 6 of that year. Stephen III refused to join the Polish effort, fearing that
Moldavia would become the battleground between the Ottomans and Poles. Instead, he sought Ottoman assurance of
599:
Fearful of an alliance between
Moldavia, Muscovy and the Ottomans, the Poles sought to make a pre-emptive strike to capture Moldavia; the Lesser Poland nobles, especially the Polish Ruthenians, in particular demanded war to eliminate the Tatar raiding threat and to seize access to the eastern trade.
592:
support if the Poles invaded
Moldavia. It took Poland three years to complete their preparations. Its army was made of Polish Crown forces, aided by a number of foreign mercenaries, 400 Teutonic Knights under Grand Master
626:
The Polish raid provoked
Ottomans and Tatars, with the aid of Stephen of Moldavia, to invade the southeastern corner of Poland. This took place in spring 1498: after crossing the Dniestr, the invaders ransacked
411:
239:
646:, fearing an attack by the Ottoman Empire after his successive defeats. The walls of Kraków were strengthened and additional fortifications were built to defend the city in case of a Turkish invasion.
477:. The conflict formally lasted eighteen years, but during this time hostilities were ceased on several occasions due to temporary treaties being signed between the warring parties.
232:
225:
638:
After the battle of the Cosmic Forest, John I Albert hastily returned to Poland (suffering another major defeat on the way where 5,000 Polish soldiers were killed in
329:
826:
339:
269:
932:
593:
791:
436:
947:
658:
in which both sides agreed to co-operate against the
Ottomans. On August 15, 1499, Stephen III accepted the truce, and on October 9, 1503, King
322:
957:
952:
927:
421:
576:. In it, Casimir IV recognized the Ottomans' possession of Kilia and Akkerman, a violation of his suzerainty over Moldovia, which led
368:
363:
358:
353:
718:
History of the
Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808
406:
383:
315:
451:
441:
431:
426:
619:, which was a failure, and on October 19, they began to retreat. A week later, on October 26, the Poles were defeated in the
501:
287:
937:
775:
750:
725:
700:
470:
144:
942:
917:
901:
Ottoman-Polish
Diplomatic Relations (15th – 18th Century): An Annotated Edition of 'Ahdnames and Other Documents
922:
873:
275:
596:
and a 600-strong unit from
Mazovia. Altogether, the Polish Army was some 40,000 strong, with 200 cannons.
620:
615:
On 1497, Poland began its
Moldavian Campaign of 1497–1499. On September 24, the Poles began the siege of
485:
293:
33:
962:
892:
Roman
Grodecki, Stanislaw Zachorowski, Jan Dabrowski, Dzieje Polski Sredniowiecznej, t. 2, Kraków 1995.
557:
himself prepared an anti-Ottoman raid in 1487 but had to change the plans and sent his forces to fight
581:
281:
497:
489:
416:
263:
173:
149:
27:
671:
817:
516:
659:
536:
851:
808:
635:. In the summer of that year, the Tatars again invaded Poland, mainly Podolia and Volhynia.
515:, the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate, meanwhile tried to subdue Moldavia. After the
562:
198:
8:
865:
813:"Poland as the Bastion of Christianity and the Issue of a Union with the Orthodox Church"
391:
859:
785:
655:
545:
512:
643:
869:
771:
746:
721:
696:
577:
206:
193:
830:
481:
401:
396:
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210:
153:
189:
158:
572:
On March 23, 1489, a two-year truce was signed between Poland and Ottoman Sultan
540:
493:
445:
121:
743:
War on the Eve of Nations: Conflicts and Militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450–1500
693:
War on the Eve of Nations: Conflicts and Militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450–1500
217:
855:
550:
474:
162:
110:
105:
812:
543:. That undermined Polish eastern trade. The king promised help and called the
911:
835:
202:
168:
765:
628:
554:
549:, the royal army and mercenaries. In November 1485, the Poles commanded by
519:(1453), the Ottomans directed their expansion northwards towards the lower
57:
631:, capturing as much as a hundred thousand people and reaching as far as
580:
to renounce Poland and seek Ottoman suzerainty. On January 25, 1491 the
573:
185:
307:
852:"Poland and the Crusade in the Reign of King Jan Olbracht, 1492–1501"
632:
532:
469:
was a prolonged conflict, rather a series of conflicts, between the
639:
585:
132:
87:
83:
61:
715:
616:
609:
605:
566:
480:
In the war the Kingdom of Poland was supported by its fiefs, the
768:
An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914
558:
520:
508:
492:. The Ottoman Empire on the other hand, was allied with the
588:
took place, in which Polish forces destroyed a Tatar raid.
827:
Jesuit University of Philosophy and Education Ignatianum
662:
signed a five-year peace treaty with Sultan Bayezid II.
523:
and behind the mighty river and also threatened Poland.
654:
On July 13, 1498, John Albert signed a treaty with the
561:, allied with the Ottomans. On September 8, 1487, the
895:
Henryk Lowmianski, Polityka Jagiellonów, Poznan 2006.
766:
Suraiya Faroqhi, Bruce McGowan, Sevket Pamuk (1994).
623:. The campaign ended in 1499 in a Moldovian victory.
740:
690:
247:
909:
569:took place in which the Tatars were defeated.
553:, entered Moldavia and defeated Tatar forces.
898:
531:In 1485, the Ottomans captured the Moldavian
507:For most of the 15th century, Moldavia was a
323:
233:
790:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
608:, and in early August, the army crossed the
933:Wars involving the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
770:. Cambridge University Press. p. 291.
64:, south of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania
849:
720:. Cambridge University Press. p. 74.
716:Stanford J. Shaw, Ezel Kural Shaw (1976).
330:
316:
240:
226:
26:
834:
511:of Poland, but other states, notably the
850:Nowakowska, Natalia (14 November 2004).
807:
745:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 18.
695:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 32.
36:in 1497 (original by J. Kossak, c. 1890)
337:
910:
311:
221:
803:
801:
13:
958:16th century in the Ottoman Empire
953:15th century in the Ottoman Empire
861:Crusading in the Fifteenth Century
526:
14:
974:
928:Wars involving the Ottoman Empire
798:
604:gathered in May to June 1497 in
167:
157:
148:
138:
126:
115:
104:
903:. Leiden – Boston –Köln: Brill.
899:Kołodziejczyk, Dariusz (2000).
502:Moldavian Campaign of 1497–1499
467:Polish–Turkish War of 1485–1503
948:Polish–Ottoman War (1485–1503)
843:
759:
734:
709:
684:
21:Polish-Ottoman War (1485–1503)
1:
677:
741:Vladimir Shirogorov (2021).
691:Vladimir Shirogorov (2021).
612:River and entered Moldavia.
7:
665:
621:Battle of the Cosmin Forest
486:State of the Teutonic Order
294:Battle of the Cosmin Forest
10:
979:
886:
349:
259:
179:
97:
40:
32:Cherubin Gniewosz in the
25:
20:
938:Wars involving Wallachia
836:10.35765/pk.2022.3601.04
649:
498:Principality of Moldavia
490:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
174:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
918:Wars involving Moldavia
578:Stephen III of Moldovia
517:Fall of Constantinople
180:Commanders and leaders
923:Wars involving Poland
660:Alexander I Jagiellon
868:. pp. 128–147.
600:Polish units of the
563:Battle of Kopystrzyn
199:Casimir IV Jagiellon
943:Polish–Ottoman wars
866:Springer Publishing
818:Perspektywy Kultury
672:Polish–Ottoman Wars
341:Polish–Ottoman Wars
73:Ottoman-led victory
656:Kingdom of Hungary
602:pospolite ruszenie
594:Johann von Tieffen
546:pospolite ruszenie
513:Kingdom of Hungary
290: (1497–1499)
288:Moldavian campaign
250:Polish–Ottoman War
963:Kingdom of Poland
488:, as well as the
471:Kingdom of Poland
460:
459:
305:
304:
216:
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207:Johann von Tiefen
194:Stephen the Great
145:Kingdom of Poland
93:
92:
34:battle of Suceava
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809:Smołucha, Janusz
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732:
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707:
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642:) and built the
582:Battle of Zasław
482:Duchy of Mazovia
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644:Kraków Barbican
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527:Outbreak of war
494:Crimean Khanate
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446:Lipka rebellion
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551:Jan Karnkowski
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825:(1). Krakow:
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629:Red Ruthenia
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479:
466:
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296: (1497)
284: (1491)
278: (1487)
272: (1487)
266: (1485)
249:
98:Belligerents
555:John Albert
500:during the
496:and by the
252:(1485–1503)
78:Territorial
58:Wild Fields
912:Categories
875:0230523358
678:References
574:Bayezid II
276:Kopystrzyń
186:Bayezid II
786:cite book
633:Przeworsk
533:Black Sea
452:1683–1699
442:1672–1676
437:1666–1671
432:1633–1634
427:1620–1621
422:1615–1616
402:1593–1606
384:1502–1510
379:1485–1503
374:1443–1444
369:1437–1442
364:1415–1419
359:1389–1396
354:1375–1377
264:Cătlăbuga
48:1485–1503
811:(2022).
666:See also
640:Bukovina
586:Volhynia
537:Akkerman
484:and the
473:and the
133:Moldavia
88:Pokuttia
84:Moldavia
62:Moldavia
53:Location
887:Sources
858:(ed.).
617:Suceava
610:Dniestr
606:Podolia
567:Podolia
270:Szawrań
80:changes
872:
829:: 41.
774:
749:
724:
699:
559:Tatars
535:ports
521:Danube
509:vassal
282:Zasław
70:Result
854:. In
650:Truce
541:Kilia
86:gets
870:ISBN
792:link
772:ISBN
747:ISBN
722:ISBN
697:ISBN
539:and
465:The
417:1612
412:1607
407:1595
397:1561
392:1526
388:1524
45:Date
831:doi
584:in
565:in
914::
864:.
823:36
821:.
815:.
800:^
788:}}
784:{{
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794:)
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
