1198:"All the categories we are discussing are affected by this "dubious" assumption that there is a transhistorical essence of religion. "The most dubious" of all these categories may be Political Islam with its background assumption that "true" religion has to be privatised but ignoring that the privatised need for belief is based on a universalised dominance of Christian traditions in public discourse and institutions. Even if political Catholicism may also be regarded as dubious, the notion ignores the fundamental difference of a phenomenon that strives for political dominance (sometimes successful) in the hegemonic European context. Thus, putting majority aspirations and some strands of minority discourses and organisations at the same level is a major failure of analysis. Talking about Political Islam means that we are referring to the ongoing discussion. To rethink this category and others we should think about Islam as a practice, not a transhistorical spectre of religion called Islam that is haunting the Western imaginaire."
1174:"In recent years, political Islam has manifested itself in two diametrically opposed orientations: an increasing involvement in the democratization process by mainstream movements after the success of pro-democracy popular uprisings in toppling autocratic regimes and a growing inclination toward violence by fringe groups. Political Islam here refers to the attempts of Muslim individuals, groups and movements to reconstruct the political, economic, social and cultural basis of their society along Islamic lines. This process involves different views of the place of Shari`ah in society and the approach to bringing about change. While majorities of Islamic movements have engaged in the democratization process in their respective countries, some have embraced violence and terrorism as an ideological and strategic choice, with devastating consequences for the world and for Islam itself."
954:
1249:, when the academia of Iran was purged of Western and non-Islamic influences, (including traditionalist unpolitical Islamic doctrines) to align them with the revolutionary and political Islam. The cultural revolution sometimes involved violence in taking over the university campuses, as higher education in Iran had many secularist and leftist forces who were opposed to Ayatollah Khomeini's Islamic state in Iran. The official name used by the
1147:"Political Islam is not synonymous with violent, radical, or extremist Islamism, and it is not restricted to opposition groups. The spectrum ranges from advocates of an Islamic republic to sympathizers of an Islamic monarchy or a resuscitated caliphate, and from self-declared liberals to uncompromising conservatives. Some Islamists are commonly classified as moderate or pragmatic, others as radical, militant, or extremist."
943:
1002:
as a source of political identity and action. It can refer to a wide range of individuals or groups who advocate the formation of state and society according to their understanding of
Islamic principles. It may also refer to use of Islam as a source of political positions and concepts. Not all forms
1212:
was a seismic event that created many aftershocks. The region experienced turbulence for many years as Arab countries fell within the cultural and colonial sphere of
European nations. Under increasing cultural pressures Muslims asserted their national identities and cultural heritage, and some
1207:
Some factions in the Middle East have come to associate the idea of modernities with the intrusions of colonial imperialism. In some Muslim countries, especially Egypt and
Pakistan, political counter-movements with religious ideological leanings took root. The reasons are multifaceted. The
1274:
set up the
Documentation Centre Political Islam, an organization to research "religiously motivated political extremism" related to political Islam and to monitor related networks and social media. It was financed by the Austrian Foundation and through the 2015 Fund Act.
1013:
to describe the same phenomenon or use the two terms interchangeably. There are new attempts to distinguish between
Islamism as religiously based political movements and political Islam as a national modern understanding of Islam shared by secular and Islamist actors.
1190:"Political Islam is a modern phenomenon that seeks to use religion to shape the political system. Its origins lie in the perceived failure of the secular ideologies of nationalism and socialism to deliver on their promises of anti-imperialism and prosperity."
1992:
1217:, European culture was materialistic, immoral and based on class selfishness and usury. Other contributing factors may have been opposition to modernizing influences, overall poor governance and low levels of education in the population.
2080:
2014:
1989:
1952:
1298:. In 2022, the organization also investigated the Islamic Association in Austria, an organization that runs a mosque in Vienna's Jewish neighbourhood that is allegedly responsible for propagating
1073:
has been used in connection with foreign communities, referring to the movements or groups which have invested in a broad fundamentalist revival that is connected to a certain political agenda.
1111:, a retired professor of physics and critic of political Islam, defines political Islam as that part of the text of the primary Islamic doctrine (Koran, Sira, Hadith) that affect non-Muslims (
2058:
1711:
1405:
1753:
2077:
1381:
410:
118:
2011:
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1290:
to exert influence abroad in the cultural, religious and educational sectors in Europe through foundations and religious centres, including the
Islamic Center in
1949:
1401:
Krämer, Gudrun. "Political Islam." In
Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 6. Edited by Richard C. Martin, 536–540. New York: Macmillan, 2004.
1048:, pointing out the same set of occurrences or they confuse both terms. Dekmejian was among the first of the experts who made remarks on politicisation of
4172:
405:
113:
1508:
3329:
3147:
2055:
527:
494:
3606:
3345:
1925:
539:
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incorporates into political Islam all the
Islamic movements promoting a political system based solely on Islam which must be followed by every
829:
3931:
3505:
3091:
479:
3135:
564:
489:
1548:
Dekmejian, R. Hrair (1980). "The
Anatomy of Islamic Revival: Legitimacy Crisis, Ethnic Conflict and the Search for Islamic Alternatives".
2197:
Tausch, Arno (2023). Political Islam and
Religiously Motivated Political Extremism. SpringerBriefs in Political Science. Springer, Cham.
515:
4250:
3418:
1584:
982:
819:
207:
1003:
of political activity by Muslims are discussed under the rubric of political Islam, Political Islam can represent one aspect of the
3118:
1745:
1475:
1402:
1213:
factions emphasized religious dimensions. In Egypt the weakness of Muslims was blamed on poor adherence to scripture. According to
1081:. Some of the experts also use other descriptive terms in order to distinguish various ideological courses within political Islam:
484:
4178:
2547:
824:
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1271:
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4296:
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2210:
2161:
2147:
2129:
2111:
1972:
1889:
1864:
1839:
1814:
1686:
1646:
1469:
1880:
Lohlker, Rüdiger (2023). "Islamic Fundamentalism: Beyond Islamism, Extremism, and Political Islam". In Marko, Joseph (ed.).
1775:
3815:
1713:
The Darkest Sides of Politics, II: State Terrorism, "Weapons of Mass Destruction," Religious Extremism, and Organized Crime
2167:
Ankerl, G.(2000): Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations. Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. (INU PRESS, Geneva.)
1614:
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1427:
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3171:
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2489:
1338:
676:
464:
4310:
3680:
3643:
3377:
3285:
1163:
3795:
3479:
3181:
2557:
2156:: Political Islam. In: Richard C. Martin (Hrsg.): . 2. Auflage. Macmillan Reference USA, Farmington Hills 2016,
1194:
In another paper, Rüdiger Lohlker criticizes numerous assumptions surrounding the discussion on Political Islam:
4738:
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3520:
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2445:
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1209:
975:
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1500:
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4102:
4081:
3157:
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1333:
1234:
1227:
1120:
151:
1365:
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3510:
2941:
2527:
1323:
796:
459:
273:
75:
20:
2078:‘Cursed Zionists’: Austrian Authorities Order Investigation into Rampant Antisemitism at Vienna Mosque
1933:
4645:
3905:
3022:
2368:
1140:
968:
923:
238:
4575:
4823:
4805:
4794:
4057:
3965:
3937:
3398:
3012:
2572:
2532:
1250:
1178:
The Routledge Handbook of Political Islam provides the following definition by political scientist
3746:
4789:
4011:
2655:
2567:
2562:
2522:
2452:
2171:
1855:
Akbarzadeh, Shahram (2021). "Political Islam under the Spotlight". In Akbarzadeh, Shahram (ed.).
1183:
866:
2680:
608:
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3096:
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741:
157:
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4349:
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4004:
3800:
3771:
3536:
3413:
3199:
2665:
2462:
2177:
1155:
814:
643:
449:
1907:"Forerunners of "Political Islam":An inquiry into the Ideologies of Al-Banna and Al-Mawdudi"
1576:
4540:
4410:
3997:
3731:
3690:
3615:
3438:
3408:
3214:
3209:
2971:
2725:
2597:
1279:
1108:
1022:
The terminology which is used for the phenomenon of political Islam differs among experts.
731:
648:
520:
80:
2710:
1441:
1422:
8:
4756:
4698:
4437:
4245:
4140:
4096:
3960:
3950:
3926:
3921:
3810:
3756:
3741:
3716:
3484:
3369:
2919:
2805:
2326:
1263:
1074:
911:
861:
60:
19:
This article is about a Islamic political ideology. For politics in Islam generally, see
1457:
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4033:
4019:
3825:
3776:
3761:
3736:
3428:
3403:
3361:
3260:
3234:
2892:
2660:
2467:
2316:
2183:
2135:
1557:
1311:
1246:
1179:
836:
681:
666:
454:
429:
339:
187:
4073:
3955:
4870:
4703:
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4595:
4533:
4504:
4445:
4391:
4328:
4318:
4275:
4260:
4145:
4125:
4115:
3984:
3945:
3726:
3708:
3695:
3515:
3353:
3270:
3265:
3244:
3239:
2966:
2785:
2745:
2720:
2695:
2685:
2628:
2402:
2336:
2223:
2206:
2157:
2143:
2125:
2107:
1885:
1860:
1835:
1810:
1717:
1692:
1682:
1652:
1642:
1465:
1377:
916:
846:
781:
746:
721:
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613:
574:
550:
299:
251:
212:
197:
173:
130:
125:
70:
32:
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3916:
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3820:
3790:
3667:
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3469:
3176:
2897:
2790:
2602:
2351:
2346:
2331:
2198:
1436:
1373:
1287:
1238:
1097:
786:
736:
329:
227:
222:
202:
4270:
2153:
1976:
1136:
4875:
4474:
4280:
4110:
4091:
4025:
3805:
3489:
3219:
3204:
3128:
3072:
2961:
2829:
2690:
2675:
2537:
2457:
2288:
2283:
2117:
2084:
2062:
2040:
2018:
1996:
1956:
1409:
1214:
1004:
958:
891:
696:
603:
434:
344:
108:
103:
65:
2202:
1052:
in the context of the failure of secular Islamic governments while he uses both
4660:
4559:
4421:
4383:
4206:
4043:
3876:
3866:
3845:
3656:
3433:
3290:
3224:
3101:
2981:
2864:
2760:
2705:
2650:
2587:
2435:
1606:
1058:
904:
851:
761:
711:
671:
638:
598:
532:
444:
424:
395:
370:
324:
4813:
1696:
1656:
1115:) and non-Muslim societies. He has been criticised for identifying Islam with
4864:
4615:
4608:
4570:
4333:
4201:
4162:
4150:
4038:
3871:
3830:
3766:
3651:
3443:
3111:
2986:
2907:
2902:
2770:
2755:
2700:
2670:
2582:
2397:
2380:
2341:
1328:
1151:
1023:
856:
771:
756:
706:
691:
633:
618:
544:
439:
280:
217:
4580:
4845:
4724:
4708:
4499:
4489:
4357:
4130:
3474:
2914:
2854:
2800:
2780:
2715:
2375:
2363:
1299:
1124:
1035:
947:
928:
886:
881:
791:
776:
716:
593:
390:
375:
334:
263:
234:
1950:
Austria takes 'pioneering' approach to tackle influence of political Islam
4731:
4590:
4484:
4367:
4157:
4135:
4120:
3685:
3661:
3453:
3448:
3229:
3017:
2991:
2765:
2750:
2740:
2618:
1159:
871:
766:
751:
628:
557:
1926:"State-University Power Struggle at Times of Revolution and War in Iran"
1809:(2nd ed.). Farmington Hills: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 895.
953:
16:
Any interpretation of Islam as a source of political identity and action
4622:
4523:
4479:
3840:
3835:
3584:
3280:
3152:
3140:
2976:
2859:
2775:
2358:
2276:
1805:
Krämer, Gudrun (2016). "Political Islam". In Martin, Richard C. (ed.).
1561:
841:
623:
385:
142:
4655:
1830:
Esposito, John L. (2013). "Introduction". In Esposito, John L. (ed.).
1676:
1636:
4585:
3881:
2946:
2887:
2869:
2795:
2517:
400:
192:
1906:
1286:, the Austrian organization produced a report on the efforts of the
4601:
4459:
4362:
4343:
3886:
3721:
3701:
3166:
3049:
3045:
2577:
2430:
2266:
2246:
1116:
1103:
1091:
1044:
1039:
1009:
1007:
that began in the 20th century. Most academic authors use the term
380:
256:
98:
40:
2033:
4528:
4515:
4377:
4255:
3123:
3067:
2951:
2623:
2507:
2311:
2271:
1291:
365:
137:
4290:
2385:
2012:
Dokumentationsstelle sieht Einflussnahme des Iran in Österreich
1303:
1295:
1078:
286:
179:
1267:
3275:
3106:
2512:
2407:
2391:
1917:
1307:
1112:
1049:
999:
305:
293:
245:
55:
2215:
1283:
2104:
Political Islam: Religion an Politics in the Arab World.
1975:. Dokumentationsstelle Politischer Islam. Archived from
1990:
Dokumentationsstelle Politischer Islam nimmt Arbeit auf
1746:"A Push to Deny Muslims Religious Freedom Gains Steam"
1034:
can also be seen as tautology because nowhere in the
1026:
was one of the first experts to start using the term
4173:
Relations between the Catholic Church and the state
4862:
2056:Austria launches probe into ‘antisemitic’ mosque
1859:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 1.
1834:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1.
1501:"Coming to Terms: Fundamentalists or Islamists?"
1245:: Enqelābe Farhangi) was a period following the
1455:
3044:
2034:Dokumentationsstelle sieht iranischen Einfluss
1923:
1911:Uludag Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi
3904:
3600:
2231:
976:
528:Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
3607:
3593:
3419:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
2238:
2224:
1945:
1943:
1854:
1807:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
1716:. Apple Academic Press. pp. 217–231.
1529:Kramer, Martin (1980). "Political Islam".
1017:
983:
969:
4688:
4558:
1965:
1832:The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics
1547:
1440:
1168:The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics
998:is seen by some as any interpretation of
820:Liberal and reform movements within Islam
4409:
3614:
2124:Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder 2018,
1829:
1363:
2548:Justice and Development Party (Morocco)
1940:
1879:
1674:
4863:
4233:
2553:Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
2142:2. Auflage. Routledge, New York 2023,
2140:Routledge Handbook of Political Islam.
1804:
1528:
1498:
1202:
1119:and for his methodology. In 2011, the
4778:
4687:
4557:
4408:
4232:
3903:
3626:
3588:
3311:
3043:
3008:International propagation of Salafism
2827:
2219:
1857:Routledge Handbook of Political Islam
1773:
1442:10.1146/annurev-polisci-082112-141250
1420:
1370:Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets
1257:
1226:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
3816:Religious views on same-sex marriage
3627:
3112:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
2205:, Published 16 February 2023, Print
2170:Hamid, S. & McCants, W. (2016).
1767:
1743:
1709:
1574:
1494:
1492:
1364:Voll, John O.; Sonn, Tamara (2009).
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
2828:
2322:Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists
2188:Islamism in Maritime Southeast Asia
1882:Religious Diversity, State, and Law
1242:
1166:) give the following definition in
13:
2096:
1904:
1604:
1428:Annual Review of Political Science
540:Principles of State and Government
516:The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate
14:
4887:
3424:Popular Arab and Islamic Congress
1634:
1489:
1395:
1350:
1339:List of Islamic political parties
1127:hardliners in the United States.
1030:in 1980. In 2003, he stated that
465:List of Islamic political parties
3681:Constitutional references to God
3644:Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry
3312:
1786:from the original on 10 May 2019
1681:. Lexington Books. p. 264.
1678:Jihadism : past and present
952:
941:
3796:Religious rejection of politics
3480:Contemporary Islamic philosophy
2071:
2049:
2027:
2005:
1983:
1898:
1873:
1848:
1823:
1798:
1782:. Southern Poverty Law Center.
1756:from the original on 2022-04-17
1737:
1703:
1668:
1628:
1617:from the original on 2022-11-16
1587:from the original on 2020-08-20
1511:from the original on 2015-01-01
1478:from the original on 2023-01-06
1384:from the original on 2020-02-23
4739:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3859:Separation of church and state
3414:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
2543:Justice and Construction Party
1930:International Higher Education
1924:Shahrzad Mojab (Summer 2004),
1884:. Leiden: Brill. p. 342.
1776:"THE ANTI-MUSLIM INNER CIRCLE"
1598:
1568:
1541:
1522:
1449:
1414:
1378:10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0063
1210:collapse of the Ottoman Empire
1130:
1123:included him in a list of ten
1062:at the same time (rather than
1042:. Some experts use terms like
1:
3485:Islamic response to modernity
1607:"Learn about Political Islam"
1575:Khan, Muqtedar (2014-03-10).
1499:Kramer, Martin (2003-03-01).
1344:
1038:is a religion separated from
687:Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani
3991:German Christians (movement)
3977:Evangelical environmentalism
2245:
1464:. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
1164:American University in Cairo
7:
4829:Religious aspects of Nazism
4082:Christian reconstructionism
3088:Militant Islamism based in
2731:Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi
2203:10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2_2
1334:Islam Yes, Islamic Party No
1317:
1294:and the Imam Ali Center in
1228:Cultural Revolution in Iran
1121:Southern Poverty Law Center
476:Militant Islamism based in
10:
4892:
4495:Jewish political movements
3971:Christian environmentalism
3783:Religion and peacebuilding
3542:Political aspects of Islam
2942:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
2528:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
2173:Rethinking Political Islam
1744:Khan, Aysha (2019-07-16).
1638:Sharia Law for Non-Muslims
1577:"What is Political Islam?"
1324:Political aspects of Islam
1225:
797:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
460:Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan
119:Salafism by country/region
21:Political aspects of Islam
18:
4785:
4779:
4774:
4694:
4683:
4566:
4553:
4417:
4404:
4241:
4228:
3912:
3906:Christianity and politics
3899:
3633:
3622:
3563:
3529:
3498:
3462:
3399:Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
3389:
3322:
3318:
3307:
3253:
3192:
3081:
3060:
3056:
3039:
3000:
2957:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
2932:
2878:
2847:
2840:
2836:
2823:
2641:
2611:
2498:Freedom and Justice Party
2488:
2423:
2416:
2304:
2257:
2253:
1710:Bale, Jeffrey M. (2017).
1581:E-International Relations
1458:"What Is Political Islam"
1423:"Political Islam: Theory"
1421:March, Andrew F. (2015).
1253:is "Cultural Revolution".
1141:Free University of Berlin
924:Islam and other religions
877:Muhammad Sa'id al-Ashmawi
406:International propagation
114:International propagation
4795:Disestablishmentarianism
4058:Christian libertarianism
3966:Christian egalitarianism
3927:Christian anti-communism
3373:(Izetbegović, 1969-1970)
3172:in the Arabian Peninsula
3013:Islamic religious police
2573:Prosperous Justice Party
2533:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
2122:What Is Political Islam?
1675:Mohanty, Nirode (2018).
1456:Jocelyne Cesari (2018).
1306:hatred, and support for
568:Governance of the Jurist
4790:American civil religion
4699:Buddhist anti-communism
4012:Protestant Reich Church
2656:Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
2568:Malaysian Islamic Party
2563:National Iraqi Alliance
2523:Islamic Salvation Front
2453:Islamic Defenders Front
2090:, Retrieved 2023-01-10.
2068:, Retrieved 2023-01-10.
2046:, Retrieved 2023-01-10.
2024:, Retrieved 2023-01-10.
2002:, Retrieved 2023-01-10.
1962:, Retrieved 2023-01-10.
1750:religionandpolitics.org
1220:
1184:University of Melbourne
1018:Development of the term
677:Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
4641:Hindu environmentalism
4467:Revisionist Maximalism
3946:Christian anti-Zionism
3932:Christian anti-Masonry
3752:Religious anti-Zionism
3747:Religious anti-Masonry
3097:Egyptian Islamic Jihad
2811:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
2736:Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani
2593:State of Law Coalition
2503:Green Algeria Alliance
1200:
1192:
1176:
1149:
742:Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani
158:Islamic fundamentalism
4834:Creativity (religion)
4689:Buddhism and politics
4560:Hinduism and politics
4251:Human Rights in Islam
4168:Political Catholicism
4074:Christian peacemaking
4063:Christian nationalism
4005:Positive Christianity
3956:Christian corporatism
3801:Religious segregation
3772:Religious nationalism
3200:Hibatullah Akhundzada
3023:Sufi–Salafi relations
2666:Hibatullah Akhundzada
2178:Brookings Institution
1531:The Washington Papers
1505:Middle East Quarterly
1196:
1188:
1182:, a professor at the
1172:
1156:Georgetown University
1145:
1139:, a professor at the
815:Criticism of Islamism
809:Criticism of Islamism
727:Necip Fazıl Kısakürek
644:Hibatullah Akhundzada
4824:Neopaganist feminism
4719:Buddhist nationalism
4541:World Agudath Israel
4411:Judaism and politics
4271:Islamic anti-Zionism
4266:Islamic anti-Masonry
3998:National Catholicism
3806:Religious separatism
3732:Organized secularism
3691:Engaged Spirituality
3616:Religion in politics
3439:September 11 attacks
3409:Grand Mosque seizure
3215:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
3210:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
2972:Muhammad Al-Munajjid
2681:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2598:Islamic Action Front
2066:The Jewish Chronicle
1403:via Encyclopedia.com
1280:Mahsa Amini protests
649:Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi
609:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
566:Islamic Government:
4757:Humanistic Buddhism
4432:Jewish anti-Zionism
4246:Hui pan-nationalism
4141:Liberation theology
4097:Christian socialism
3961:Christian democracy
3951:Christian communism
3922:Christian anarchism
3811:Religious socialism
3757:Religious communism
3742:Religious anarchism
3717:Freedom of religion
3371:Islamic Declaration
2920:Young Kashgar Party
1774:Steinback, Robert.
1550:Middle East Journal
1278:In the wake of the
1264:Austrian government
1235:Cultural Revolution
1203:In Muslim countries
1075:M. A. Muqtedar Khan
959:Politics portal
912:Islam and modernity
570:("Velayat-e faqih")
552:Ma'alim fi al-Tariq
4819:Khalistan movement
4747:Buddhist socialism
4714:Buddhist modernism
4671:Uniform civil code
4373:Political quietism
4235:Islam and politics
4213:Neo-ultramontanism
4187:Sphere sovereignty
4087:Christian republic
4068:Christian pacifism
4034:Christian humanism
4020:Christian feminism
3826:Secular liberalism
3777:Religious pacifism
3762:Religious humanism
3737:Political religion
3429:Algerian Civil War
3404:Iranian Revolution
3363:Islamic Government
3261:Islam and violence
3235:Juhayman al-Otaybi
3148:Sub-Saharan Africa
2893:Authenticity Party
2661:Qazi Hussain Ahmad
2468:Muslim Brotherhood
2317:Islamic governance
2184:Hoover Institution
2136:Shahram Akbarzadeh
2083:2023-02-06 at the
2061:2023-01-12 at the
2039:2023-02-06 at the
2017:2023-01-13 at the
1995:2023-02-03 at the
1955:2023-01-12 at the
1408:2018-07-13 at the
1312:Muslim Brotherhood
1262:In July 2020, the
1258:Research in Europe
1247:Iranian Revolution
1180:Shahram Akbarzadeh
1160:Emad El-Din Shahin
837:Khaled Abu al-Fadl
682:Qazi Hussain Ahmad
667:Abu Hamza al-Masri
495:Sub-Saharan Africa
455:Muslim Brotherhood
430:Iranian Revolution
340:Islamic Golden Age
208:Islamic liberalism
188:Islamic governance
4858:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4808:
4770:
4769:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4704:Buddhist feminism
4679:
4678:
4651:Indigenous Aryans
4646:Integral humanism
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4596:Hindu nationalism
4549:
4548:
4518:
4505:Jewish secularism
4469:
4462:
4446:Jewish Autonomism
4440:
4400:
4399:
4392:Two-nation theory
4386:
4352:
4329:Islamic socialism
4313:
4306:
4299:
4276:Islamic democracy
4261:Islamic anarchism
4224:
4223:
4215:
4181:
4146:Maronite politics
4126:Dominion Theology
4116:Christian Zionism
4105:
4076:
4052:
4028:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3985:Christian fascism
3979:
3940:
3895:
3894:
3861:
3854:
3785:
3727:Identity politics
3711:
3709:Womanist theology
3704:
3696:Feminist theology
3670:
3646:
3582:
3581:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3271:Islamic terrorism
3266:Islamic extremism
3245:Ayman al-Zawahiri
3240:Omar Abdel-Rahman
3046:Militant Islamism
3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
2967:Rabee al-Madkhali
2928:
2927:
2819:
2818:
2786:Haji Shariatullah
2746:Yusuf al-Qaradawi
2726:Abul A'la Maududi
2721:Ruhollah Khomeini
2711:Alija Izetbegović
2696:Rached Ghannouchi
2686:Necmettin Erbakan
2643:Political leaders
2637:
2636:
2629:Islamic modernism
2558:National Congress
2490:Political parties
2403:Two-nation theory
2337:Islamic socialism
2327:Islamic democracy
2211:978-3-031-24853-5
2192:The Caravan, 1715
2162:978-0-02-866269-5
2148:978-0-367-68099-2
2130:978-1-62637-692-2
2112:978-1-134-84970-3
1960:The National News
1891:978-90-04-51585-7
1866:978-1-138-35389-3
1841:978-0-19-539589-1
1816:978-0-02-866269-5
1688:978-1-4985-7597-3
1648:978-1-936659-37-1
1471:978-1-62637-692-2
1366:"Political Islam"
993:
992:
847:Abdelwahab Meddeb
782:Haji Shariatullah
747:Yusuf al-Qaradawi
732:Abul A'la Maududi
722:Ruhollah Khomeini
702:Rached Ghannouchi
614:Ruhollah Khomeini
521:Rashīd Rīďha 1922
411:by country/region
300:Two-nation theory
252:Islamic terrorism
213:Islamic socialism
198:Islamic democracy
174:Apostasy in Islam
131:Deobandi jihadism
126:Deobandi movement
4883:
4841:Personality cult
4804:
4776:
4775:
4762:Secular Buddhism
4752:Engaged Buddhism
4737:
4730:
4723:
4685:
4684:
4636:Hindu revivalism
4631:Hindu revolution
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4555:
4554:
4514:
4510:Jewish socialism
4465:
4458:
4451:Jewish democracy
4436:
4427:Jewish anarchism
4406:
4405:
4382:
4348:
4324:Islamic republic
4319:Islamic pacifism
4309:
4302:
4295:
4286:Islamic feminism
4230:
4229:
4211:
4177:
4101:
4072:
4050:Evangelical left
4048:
4024:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3975:
3936:
3917:Blaine Amendment
3901:
3900:
3857:
3852:Secular religion
3850:
3821:Secular humanism
3791:Religious police
3781:
3707:
3700:
3668:Clerical fascism
3666:
3642:
3638:Anti-clericalism
3628:General concepts
3624:
3623:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3470:Anti-imperialism
3365:(Khomeini, 1970)
3341:(Khomeini, 1940)
3320:
3319:
3309:
3308:
3058:
3057:
3041:
3040:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2824:
2791:Hassan Al-Turabi
2603:United Arab List
2421:
2420:
2352:Islamic republic
2347:Islamic monarchy
2332:Islamic feminism
2255:
2254:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2106:Routledge 1991,
2091:
2075:
2069:
2053:
2047:
2031:
2025:
2009:
2003:
2000:Bundeskanzleramt
1987:
1981:
1980:
1969:
1963:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1932:, archived from
1921:
1915:
1914:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1418:
1412:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1361:
1288:Islamic Republic
1251:Islamic Republic
1244:
1152:John L. Esposito
1135:Islamic scholar
985:
978:
971:
957:
956:
948:Islam portal
946:
945:
944:
830:in North America
787:Hassan Al-Turabi
737:Abul Hasan Nadwi
330:Anti-imperialism
228:Islamic republic
223:Islamic monarchy
203:Islamic feminism
43:
37:
36:
26:
25:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4850:
4781:
4766:
4690:
4675:
4591:Hindu modernism
4562:
4545:
4490:Jewish pacifism
4475:Jewish feminism
4455:Jewish fascism
4413:
4396:
4339:Islamic Zionism
4281:Islamic fascism
4237:
4220:
4111:Christian state
4092:Christian right
4026:Mormon feminism
3908:
3891:
3676:Confessionalism
3629:
3618:
3613:
3583:
3578:
3551:
3547:Political Islam
3525:
3494:
3490:Islamic revival
3458:
3391:
3385:
3381:(Gaddafi, 1975)
3314:
3295:
3249:
3220:Osama bin Laden
3205:Anwar al-Awlaki
3188:
3182:in North Africa
3129:Lashkar-e-Taiba
3077:
3073:Salafi jihadism
3052:
3027:
2996:
2962:Safar al-Hawali
2924:
2874:
2832:
2830:Salafi movement
2815:
2691:Muammar Gaddafi
2676:Hassan al-Banna
2644:
2633:
2607:
2538:Jamiat-e Islami
2484:
2458:Jamaat-e-Islami
2446:in Central Asia
2424:Socio-political
2412:
2300:
2289:Salafi jihadism
2249:
2244:
2118:Jocelyne Cesari
2099:
2097:Further reading
2094:
2085:Wayback Machine
2076:
2072:
2063:Wayback Machine
2054:
2050:
2041:Wayback Machine
2032:
2028:
2019:Wayback Machine
2010:
2006:
1997:Wayback Machine
1988:
1984:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1957:Wayback Machine
1948:
1941:
1922:
1918:
1905:Ataman, Kemal.
1903:
1899:
1892:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1772:
1768:
1759:
1757:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1708:
1704:
1689:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1659:
1649:
1635:Bill., Warner,
1633:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1573:
1569:
1546:
1542:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1497:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1472:
1462:www.rienner.com
1454:
1450:
1419:
1415:
1410:Wayback Machine
1400:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1362:
1351:
1347:
1320:
1266:made up of the
1260:
1255:
1254:
1231:
1223:
1215:Hassan al-Banna
1205:
1133:
1071:political Islam
1064:political Islam
1032:political Islam
1028:political Islam
1020:
1005:Islamic revival
996:Political Islam
989:
951:
942:
940:
934:
933:
907:
897:
896:
892:Magnus Ranstorp
810:
802:
801:
697:Hassan al-Banna
662:
654:
653:
604:Muammar Gaddafi
589:
581:
580:
567:
510:
502:
501:
435:Jamaat-e-Islami
358:
350:
349:
345:Islamic revival
320:
312:
311:
269:Political Islam
169:
161:
160:
154:
109:Salafi jihadism
104:Salafi movement
94:
86:
85:
51:
39:
38:
30:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4889:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4661:Saffronisation
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4576:Hindu feminism
4573:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4526:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4429:
4424:
4422:Halachic state
4418:
4415:
4414:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4384:Talibanization
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4207:Ultramontanism
4204:
4199:
4197:Temporal power
4194:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4044:Christian left
4041:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3877:State religion
3874:
3869:
3867:Spiritual left
3864:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3846:Secularization
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3705:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3659:
3657:Civil religion
3654:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3620:
3619:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3589:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3530:Related topics
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3521:United Kingdom
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3434:Faith campaign
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3379:The Green Book
3375:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3333:(Iqbal, 1930s)
3331:Reconstruction
3326:
3324:
3316:
3315:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3291:Talibanization
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3225:Akhtar Mansour
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3136:Southeast Asia
3133:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:Fatah al-Islam
3099:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3054:
3053:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2982:Salman al-Ouda
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2865:Sahwa movement
2862:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2833:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2761:Ata Abu Rashta
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:Muhammad Iqbal
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2651:Muhammad Abduh
2647:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2588:Fatah Alliance
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2436:Hizb ut-Tahrir
2433:
2427:
2425:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2195:
2181:
2168:
2165:
2151:
2133:
2115:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2070:
2048:
2026:
2004:
1982:
1979:on 2023-03-28.
1964:
1939:
1916:
1897:
1890:
1872:
1865:
1847:
1840:
1822:
1815:
1797:
1766:
1736:
1723:978-1138785625
1722:
1702:
1687:
1667:
1647:
1627:
1605:Warner, Bill.
1597:
1567:
1540:
1521:
1488:
1470:
1448:
1435:(1): 103–123.
1413:
1394:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1259:
1256:
1232:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1204:
1201:
1132:
1129:
1059:fundamentalism
1019:
1016:
991:
990:
988:
987:
980:
973:
965:
962:
961:
936:
935:
932:
931:
926:
921:
920:
919:
908:
905:Related topics
903:
902:
899:
898:
895:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
852:Maryam Namazie
849:
844:
839:
834:
833:
832:
827:
817:
811:
808:
807:
804:
803:
800:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
762:Ata Abu Rashta
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
712:Muhammad Iqbal
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
672:Muhammad Abduh
669:
663:
661:Key ideologues
660:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
646:
641:
639:House of Thani
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
599:Omar al-Bashir
596:
590:
588:Heads of state
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
561:
554:("Milestones")
548:
536:
524:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
498:
497:
492:
490:Southeast Asia
487:
482:
468:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
445:Salafist Front
442:
437:
432:
427:
425:Hizb ut-Tahrir
416:
415:
414:
413:
408:
398:
396:Sahwa movement
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
371:Dawat-e-Islami
368:
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
325:Anti-communism
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
309:
302:
297:
290:
283:
278:
277:
276:
266:
261:
260:
259:
254:
242:
232:
231:
230:
225:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
184:
183:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:
156:
155:
148:
147:
146:
145:
135:
134:
133:
123:
122:
121:
116:
111:
101:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
49:
48:
45:
44:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4888:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4800:Imperial cult
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4777:
4773:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4686:
4682:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4616:Panun Kashmir
4613:
4610:
4609:Hindu Rashtra
4606:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4571:Akhand Bharat
4569:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4552:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4334:Islamic state
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4312:
4311:In South Asia
4308:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:Theodemocracy
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:Pillarisation
4161:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4151:Phoenicianism
4149:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4039:Christian law
4037:
4035:
4032:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3872:State atheism
3870:
3868:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3831:Secular state
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:Religious law
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3652:Caesaropapism
3650:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3605:
3603:
3598:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3444:War on terror
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3306:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:Major figures
3191:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:Ali al-Tamimi
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2934:Major figures
2931:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2908:Islamist Bloc
2906:
2905:
2904:
2903:Al-Nour Party
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Navvab Safavi
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:Tariq Ramadan
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Safwat Hegazi
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:Muhammad Asad
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:Welfare Party
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:Turkish model
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:Post-Islamism
2379:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2342:Islamic state
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2296:Shia Islamism
2294:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2154:Gudrun Krämer
2152:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2102:Nazih Ayubi:
2101:
2100:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1936:on 2004-06-22
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1631:
1616:
1612:
1611:www.cspii.org
1608:
1601:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1493:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:Post-Islamism
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1252:
1248:
1243:انقلاب فرهنگی
1240:
1236:
1229:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1137:Gudrun Krämer
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:Martin Kramer
1015:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
997:
986:
981:
979:
974:
972:
967:
966:
964:
963:
960:
955:
950:
949:
938:
937:
930:
927:
925:
922:
918:
915:
914:
913:
910:
909:
906:
901:
900:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
857:Maajid Nawaaz
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
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773:
772:Navvab Safavi
770:
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757:Tariq Ramadan
755:
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748:
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723:
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707:Safwat Hegazi
705:
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692:Muhammad Asad
690:
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664:
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634:House of Saud
632:
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629:Mohammed Omar
627:
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619:Mohamed Morsi
617:
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612:
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575:Khomeini 1970
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440:Salafist Call
438:
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281:Post-Islamism
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152:Shia Islamism
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47:
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42:
34:
28:
27:
22:
4846:State Shinto
4806:Ancient Rome
4725:969 Movement
4709:Buddhist law
4500:Jewish right
4358:Islamization
4192:Subsidiarity
4179:In Argentina
4131:Febronianism
3574:North Africa
3546:
3475:Anti-Zionism
3378:
3370:
3362:
3357:(Qutb, 1964)
3354:
3349:(Asad, 1961)
3346:
3339:Forty Hadith
3338:
3330:
3313:Other topics
2915:People Party
2855:Ahl-i Hadith
2801:Ahmed Yassin
2781:Ali Shariati
2716:Ali Khamenei
2390:
2376:Pan-Islamism
2369:of knowledge
2364:Islamization
2191:
2172:
2139:
2121:
2103:
2087:
2073:
2065:
2051:
2043:
2029:
2021:
2007:
1999:
1985:
1977:the original
1967:
1959:
1934:the original
1929:
1919:
1910:
1900:
1881:
1875:
1856:
1850:
1831:
1825:
1806:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1779:
1769:
1758:. Retrieved
1749:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1712:
1705:
1677:
1670:
1660:, retrieved
1637:
1630:
1619:. Retrieved
1610:
1600:
1589:. Retrieved
1580:
1570:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1513:. Retrieved
1504:
1480:. Retrieved
1461:
1451:
1432:
1426:
1416:
1397:
1386:. Retrieved
1369:
1300:antisemitism
1277:
1261:
1237:(1980–1983;
1206:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1150:
1146:
1134:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1083:conservative
1082:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1036:Muslim world
1031:
1027:
1021:
1008:
995:
994:
939:
929:Islamophobia
887:Shiraz Maher
882:Gilles Kepel
792:Ahmed Yassin
777:Ali Shariati
717:Ali Khamenei
594:Ali Khamenei
565:
563:
551:
538:
526:
514:
470:
469:
418:
417:
376:Ahl-i Hadith
360:
335:Anti-Zionism
304:
292:
285:
268:
264:Pan-Islamism
244:
239:of knowledge
235:Islamization
178:
50:Fundamentals
4814:Gottgläubig
4732:Nichirenism
4485:Jewish left
4368:Petro-Islam
4304:In Pakistan
4158:Papal state
4136:Gallicanism
4121:Cisalpinism
3686:Divine rule
3662:Clericalism
3454:Arab Winter
3449:Arab Spring
3230:Mullah Omar
3092:MENA region
3018:Petro-Islam
2992:Al-Uthaymin
2766:Rashid Rida
2751:Sayyid Qutb
2741:Mullah Omar
2619:Ansar Allah
2463:Millî Görüş
1790:12 February
1556:(1): 1–12.
1131:Definitions
1109:Bill Warner
1087:progressive
872:Bassam Tibi
867:Olivier Roy
767:Rashid Rida
752:Sayyid Qutb
533:Iqbal 1930s
480:MENA region
450:Millî Görüş
4865:Categories
4656:Rama Rajya
4623:Bangabhumi
4524:Poale Zion
4480:Jewish law
4297:by country
4291:Sharia law
3841:Secularity
3836:Secularism
3569:South Asia
3511:Gaza Strip
3463:Influences
3390:Historical
3355:Milestones
3347:Principles
3281:Mujahideen
3158:al-Shabaab
3153:Boko Haram
3141:Abu Sayyaf
3119:South Asia
2977:Zakir Naik
2860:Madkhalism
2848:Scholastic
2806:Zia-ul-Haq
2776:Omar Bongo
2441:in Britain
2359:Islamistan
2277:Khomeinism
2186:. (2017).
2088:Algemeiner
1973:"About us"
1760:2022-06-15
1697:1107447247
1662:2022-11-24
1657:1099523781
1621:2022-11-16
1591:2023-01-01
1515:2017-05-26
1482:2023-01-01
1388:2017-05-26
1345:References
1125:anti-Islam
862:Sam Harris
842:Farag Foda
624:Zia ul-Haq
485:South Asia
386:Madkhalism
361:Scholastic
319:Influences
143:Khomeinism
93:Ideologies
81:Secularism
4586:Hindu law
4534:Religious
4350:Criticism
3938:Papal ban
3882:Theocracy
3567:Islam in
3537:Criticism
3499:by region
3082:Movements
2947:Al-Albani
2888:Al Asalah
2880:Political
2870:Wahhabism
2841:Movements
2796:Malcolm X
2518:Hezbollah
2417:Movements
2138:(Hrsg.):
1143:, writes:
1069:The term
917:Modernism
825:in Europe
558:Qutb 1965
545:Asad 1961
509:Key texts
419:Political
401:Wahhabism
357:Movements
193:Caliphate
71:Economics
4871:Islamism
4602:Hindutva
4581:Gandhism
4460:Kahanism
4363:Khilafat
4344:Islamism
3887:Theonomy
3722:Humanism
3702:Thealogy
3167:al-Qaeda
3061:Ideology
3050:Jihadism
2898:Al-Islah
2578:Al Wefaq
2478:in Syria
2473:in Egypt
2431:Deobandi
2305:Concepts
2284:Salafism
2267:Islamism
2247:Islamism
2081:Archived
2059:Archived
2037:Archived
2015:Archived
1993:Archived
1953:Archived
1784:Archived
1780:splc.org
1754:Archived
1729:19 March
1615:Archived
1585:Archived
1509:Archived
1476:Archived
1406:Archived
1382:Archived
1318:See also
1310:and the
1270:and the
1117:Islamism
1104:jihadist
1092:militant
1054:Islamism
1045:Islamism
1040:politics
1010:Islamism
471:Militant
381:Deobandi
257:Jihadism
168:Concepts
99:Islamism
76:Politics
41:Islamism
33:a series
31:Part of
4666:Shuddhi
4529:Zionism
4516:Bundism
4438:Haredim
4378:Taliban
4256:Imamate
4103:In Utah
3506:Balkans
3286:Slavery
3254:Related
3177:in Iraq
3124:Taliban
3068:Qutbism
3001:Related
2952:Ibn Baz
2624:Taliban
2612:Related
2508:Ennahda
2312:Emirate
2272:Qutbism
2259:Outline
2022:msn.com
1562:4325967
1302:, anti-
1292:Hamburg
1239:Persian
1107:, etc.
1098:radical
366:Barelvi
274:aspects
237: (
138:Qutbism
66:Culture
61:History
4876:Sharia
3392:events
2386:Sharia
2209:
2160:
2146:
2128:
2110:
2044:orf.at
1888:
1863:
1838:
1813:
1720:
1695:
1685:
1655:
1645:
1560:
1468:
1304:Israel
1296:Vienna
1272:Greens
1158:) and
1113:Kafirs
1079:Muslim
287:Sharia
180:Takfir
4780:Other
3516:Sudan
3323:Texts
3276:Jihad
3107:Hamas
2513:Hadas
2408:Ummah
2392:Shura
1558:JSTOR
1308:Hamas
1050:Islam
1000:Islam
391:Nurcu
306:Ummah
294:Shura
246:Jihad
56:Islam
2207:ISBN
2158:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2126:ISBN
2108:ISBN
1886:ISBN
1861:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1811:ISBN
1792:2018
1731:2018
1718:ISBN
1693:OCLC
1683:ISBN
1653:OCLC
1643:ISBN
1535:VIII
1466:ISBN
1284:Iran
1233:The
1221:Iran
1056:and
2199:doi
1437:doi
1374:doi
1282:in
1268:ÖVP
1066:).
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