1145:. The new Burmese leaders turned Burma into a Socialist Republic with isolationism, and a Burmese superiority. The newfound Burmese nationalism put the Bamar majority at the forefront, undoing the unification initiated through the Pin-Lone agreement. Additionally, the growing disdain was enhanced through the forced coexistence between members of different religions. Bamar kingdoms were almost exclusively Buddhist in the past. Most ethnic groups within the Shan, Kayin, Kayar, and Chin state practiced their own versions of Animism, while people of the Islamic faith lived alongside the Buddhists in the Arakan (now Rakhine) state. The annexation of all the diverse groups into the British India deepened the religious polarization. The movement of people across the border caused by the colonization added a large group of Hindu followers to the mix. The strenuous conversion campaigns by the Catholic Christians and their competition with the Methodist colonialists additionally divided minority groups such as the Karen and Kachin within themselves. The colonial departure unleashed the animosity that has been building towards one other. The death of
1103:, a coalition of mostly members of the Bamar ethnic group volunteered to fight alongside the Japanese in hope of overthrowing the occupying British forces. Meanwhile, many other ethnic groups supported the Allied forces against the Bamar-backed Japanese forces. This conflict would come to be very significant in the aftermath of World War II when Burma was granted its independence from Great Britain in 1948. Prior to the end of their colonization, the British government had created a novel map of the country with new borders that included some previously sovereign ethnicities. Many groups of racially and culturally diverse people suddenly found themselves as part of a country that was named after the Bamar, a group they did not identify with. The division created during World War II only exacerbated the growing resentment towards the Bamar. By granting independence to Burma, the British government handed the control of all the containing ethnicities over to the Bamar.
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1118:, which was signed by every ethnic leader in support of the newfound union. Aung San's unprecedented assassination prior to the absolute fulfillment of the Pin-Lone agreement undid the unification he led. His death marked the short lived period of peace within the new nation, unleashing a power vacuum that has not been filled properly since. A period of instability with leaders that failed to represent every ethnicity's best interest followed.
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3576:) with on an equal number of representatives elected from Regions and States. The People's Assembly consists of 440 representatives, with 110 being military personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services. The House of Nationalities consists of 224 representatives with 56 being military personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services.
1246:
November 2020. While the military contested the results of the election claiming fraudulent without any proof or investigation. This situation was followed by the military performing coup d'état on 1 February 2021, taking the presidential powers from the NLD government by brute force. Shortly after taking control of the government, the military began breaking the
3628:’s command, by monks from the writings of earlier Mon scholars preserved in the monasteries of his kingdom. (Wareru seized Martaban in 1281 and obtained the recognition of China as the ruler of Lower Burma and founded a kingdom which lasted until 1539. Martaban was its first capital, and remained so until 1369. It stretched southwards as far as Tenasserim.)
1482:. The US government banned all imports from Burma as part of the "Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act" of 2003. Sanctions have been criticised for their adverse effects on the civilian population. However, Burmese democracy movement leader Aung San Suu Kyi has repeatedly credited sanctions for putting pressure on the ruling military regime.
1667:, which was only re-registered for the by-elections on 13 December 2011 won in 43 of the 44 seats they contested (out of 46). Significantly, international observers were invited to monitor the elections, although the government was criticised for placing too many restrictions on election monitors, some of whom were denied visas.
1416:
US and
European government sanctions against the military government, combined with consumer boycotts and shareholder pressure organised by Free Burma activists, have succeeded in forcing most western corporations to withdraw from Burma. However, some western oil companies remain due to loopholes in
1614:
would end 5 decades of military rule, as the new charter gives the military an automatic 25% of seats in parliament. NLD spokesman Nyan Win, inter alia, criticised the referendum: "This referendum was full of cheating and fraud across the country. In some villages, authorities and polling station
1058:
collapsed following recurring Mongol invasions, leading to 250 years of political divide. In the time period between 1510 and 1752, the area was united as Burma by the
Toungoo dynasty, which was the largest Southeast Asian empire in the 16th century. From 1752 to 1885, the Toungoo administrative
1245:
and members of the governing party, National League for
Democracy, had been arrested and detained by the military. Spokesman for the NLD, Myo Nyunt said "he military seems to take control of the capital now." These conflicts arose after the NLD had claimed victory after a successful election in
1518:
In 2001, the government permitted NLD office branches to re-open throughout Burma. However, they were shut down or heavily restricted beginning 2004, as part of a government campaign to prohibit such activities. In 2006, many members resigned from NLD, citing harassment and pressure from the
1674:
on poll irregularities, voter intimidation, and purported campaign incidents that involved
National League for Democracy members and supporters, while the National League for Democracy also sent an official complaint to the commission, regarding ballots that had been tampered with.
1201:. This displacement of peoples led, and continues to lead to human rights violations as well as the exploitation of minority ethnic groups at the hands of the dominant Bamar group. The primary actors in these ethnic struggles include, but are not limited to, the military, the
1441:
The United States and
European clothing and shoe industry became the target of Free Burma activists for buying from factories in Burma that were wholly or partly owned by the government or the military. Many stopped sourcing from Burma after protests, starting with
1534:
under house arrest again on 31 May 2003, following an attack on her convoy in northern Burma by a mob reported to be in league with the military. The regime extended her house arrest for yet another year in late
November 2005. Despite a direct appeal by
1274:
In late 1946 Aung San became Deputy
Chairman of the Executive Council of Burma, a transitional government. But on 19 July 1947, political rivals assassinated Aung San and several cabinet members. On 4 January 1948, the nation became an independent
1228:
system, although problems remained, including outsized influence by the military under the 2008 constitution, as well as economic and ethnic issues. In 2015 the military began taking steps to make peace with various ethnic armed groups calling a
1734:
According to the results announced by the Union
Election Commission on 13 November 2015, the NLD won 238 seats in the lower house and 348 seats in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, exceeding the required number to form a government and elect a president.
1558:
and calling for Aung San Suu Kyi's release—80 countries voting for the resolution, 25 against and 45 abstentions. Other nations, such as China and Russia, have been less critical of the regime and prefer to co-operate on economic matters.
3584:
Burma's judicial system is limited. British-era laws and legal systems remain much intact, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial. The judiciary is not independent of the executive branch. Burma does not accept compulsory
1114:, who led the fight for independence, was able to convince the leaders of the other ethnic groups that fought alongside the Burmese to remain as one country. The formation of the new Burmese constitution in 1948 was cemented by the
1429:
from Burma to
Thailand. TotalEnergies (formerly TotalFinaElf) is the subject of a lawsuit in French and Belgian courts for alleged complicity in human rights abuses along the gas pipeline. Before it was acquired by Chevron,
1648:
declared victory, winning 259 of the 330 contested seats. The United
Nations and many Western countries have condemned the elections as fraudulent, although the decision to hold elections was praised by China and Russia.
3642:(1472–92) was the greatest of the Mon rulers of Wareru's line. He was famous for his wisdom and the collection of his rulings were recorded in the Kalyani stone inscriptions and known as the Dammazedi pyatton.
1366:, or economic isolation. The Burmese Was to Socialism emphasized that the military was to have a central role in governing the country, and that the Burmese language and Buddhism were central to identity.
4027:
1338:; he was the first non-Westerner to head any international organisation and would serve as UN Secretary-General for ten years. Among the Burmese to work at the UN when he was Secretary-General was a young
4652:
1500:, formed in 2002 to raise awareness among the people of Burma about their human rights, claims that on 18 April 2007, several of its members were met by approximately a hundred people led by a local
5484:
BURMA, D. G. E. HALL, M.A., D.LIT., F.R.HIST.S. Professor Emeritus of the University of London and formerly professor of history in the University of Rangoon, Burma. Third edition 1960. Page 35-36
1727:
The resounding victory of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy in 2015 general elections raised hopes for a successful political transition from a closely held military rule to a free
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BURMA, D. G. E. HALL, M.A., D.LIT., F.R.HIST.S., Professor Emeritus of the University of London and formerly professor of history in the University of Rangoon, Burma. Third edition 1960. Page 34
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remarked that the by-elections were conducted "in a very successful manner", and many foreign countries have indicated willingness to lift or loosen sanctions on Burma and its military leaders.
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in 2000. There are reportedly 600,000 of these internally displaced peoples living in Burma today. Many are trying to escape forced labour in the military or for one of the many state-sponsored
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There were sporadic protests against military rule during the Ne Win years and these were almost always violently suppressed. On 7 July 1962, the government broke up demonstrations at
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3777:. In particular, what does "participation" mean here? How are these organizations relevant to the politics of Myanmar? A bit of prose before the list may be enough to clarify.
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The United Nations urged the country to move towards inclusive national reconciliation, the restoration of democracy, and full respect for human rights. In December 2008, the
1753:
The Tatmadaw, under the leadership of Min Aung Hlaing, seized power from the civilian government after detaining Aung San Suu Kyi and other democratically elected leaders in
1042:
The first known city-states emerged in central Myanmar in the second century AD. They were founded by Tibeto-Burman-speaking migrants from present-day Yunnan. The history of
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began with its official recognition on the colonial map that marks its new borders containing over 100 ethnicities. It was named Burma after the dominant ethnic group
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5363:"စစ်ကိုင်း၊ တနင်္သာရီနှင့် ဧရာဝတီ တိုင်းဒေသကြီး စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ ဥက္ကဋ္ဌများအား တာဝန်မှ အနားယူခွင့်ပြုခဲ့ပြီး ပြည်ထောင်စု ဝန်ကြီးဌာနအချို့ကို ပြင်ဆင်ဖွဲ့စည်း"
1377:. Student protests in 1975, 1976 and 1977 were quickly suppressed by overwhelming force. The military government of General Ne Win was deposed following the massive
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in 1992. From 1992 to 2003, Free Burma activists successfully forced dozens of clothing and shoe companies to stop sourcing from Burma. These companies included
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Beginning in the late 1950s, and continuing through at least 2024, Myanmar's military has played a major role in shaping or directing the country's politics.
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to limit the materials citizens can access on-line, including free email services, free web hosting and most political opposition and pro-democracy pages.
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Myanmar general elections were held on 8 November 2015. These were the first openly contested elections held in Myanmar since 1990. The results gave the
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junta which took power in 1988 had been responsible for the displacement of several hundred thousand citizens, both inside and outside of Burma. The
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in 1962. The uncertainty and chaos paved the way for a Burmese nationalist government to take over. From 1962 to 1988, the country was ruled by the
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An election was held in 2010, with 40 parties approved to contest the elections by the Electoral Commission. some of which are linked to
1598:
was overwhelmingly approved (by 92.4% of the 22 million voters with alleged voter turnout of 99%) on 10 May 2008 in the first phase of a
1310:. The geographical area Burma encompasses today can be traced to the Panglong Agreement, which combined Burma proper, which consisted of
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of seats in both chambers of the national parliament, enough to ensure that its candidate would become president, while NLD leader
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in Burma and the military government suppresses political activity. The government uses software-based filtering from US company
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3720:. There are also five Self-administrated zones and a Self-administrated Division "for National races with suitable population"
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1181:, where they are also abused by an unfriendly and unsympathetic government. These groups are perhaps more fortunate than the
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Kipgen, Nehginpao. "Democracy Movement in Myanmar: Problems and Challenges". New Delhi: Ruby Press & Co., 2014. Print.
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1547:, the Burmese government extended Aung San Suu Kyi's house arrest another year on 27 May 2006. She was released in 2010.
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3502:) has the right to appoint 25% of the members in all legislative assembly which means that legislations cannot obtain
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1334:, Burma's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and former secretary to the Prime Minister, was elected
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as its first prime minister. Unlike almost all other former British colonies, it did not become a member of the
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Saw Eh Htoo and Tony Waters (2024). General Ne Win's Legacy of Burmanization in Myanmar. Palgrave MacMillan.
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1149:, and the following leaderships ensured the lasting conflicts between every cultural and religious group. The
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1373:, killing 15 students. In 1974, the military violently suppressed anti-government protests at the funeral of
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1570:, including permitting multiple political parties to contest elections in 2010 and 2012 and the release of
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360:
5381:"နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ စီမံခန့်ခွဲရေး ကော်မတီကို အိမ်စောင့်အစိုးရအဖွဲ့ အဖြစ် ပြင်ဆင်ဖွဲ့စည်း"
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Secretary U Nyunt Oo and beaten up. The HRDP believes that this attack was condoned by the authorities.
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without support from Tatmadaw, thus preventing democratically elected members from amending the
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3620:) was the earliest law-book in Burma. It consists of laws ascribed to the ancient Indian sage,
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settled a similar lawsuit for a reported multimillion-dollar amount. Asian businesses, such as
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Wa Selfadministrated division (Hopang, Mongmao, Panwai, Pangsang, Naphan and Metman townships)
7637:
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5288:"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ အမိန့်အမှတ် ၁၇၇ / ၂၀၂၁"
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On 31 January 2021, it was reported by multiple media and news outlets that the military had
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who held the title of "Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council". His appointed
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3570:) elected on the basis of township as well as population, and the House of Nationalities (
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The Union Solidarity and Development Party said it would lodge official complaints to the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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cemented the social, political, and civil unrests that have plagued the country since.
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allege continued human rights abuses in ongoing conflicts in border regions such as
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1362:". The military expropriated private businesses and followed an economic policy of
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Head of State and Government, Deputy Head of Government, and Deputy Head of State
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officials ticked the ballots themselves and did not let the voters do anything".
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in 1988 when thousands died, but immediately replaced by another military junta.
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4957:"Myanmar leader praises by-elections that put Suu Kyi in office as 'successful'"
4092:"Myanmar coup: Protesters undeterred by police killings | DW | 21 February 2021"
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which controls Myanmar police forces and the administration of the country and
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1731:. This transition was widely believed to be determining the future of Myanmar.
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5205:"Myanmar Junta Leader Reshuffles Cabinet Days After Extending Emergency Rule"
4566:
4406:"Burma's push for freedom is held back by its institutionally corrupt courts"
4065:
3713:
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The military gave up some of its power in 2011, leading to the creation of a
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abuses by the military government. Civil liberties are severely restricted.
1438:, continue to invest in Burma, particularly in natural resource extraction.
7103:
6984:
4376:"Active Citizens under Political Wraps: Experiences from Burma and Vietnam"
3697:
2826:
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2584:
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1995:
1915:
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4054:"What is going on in Myanmar after military coup removes Aung San Suu Kyi"
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and established a socialist military government that sought to create a "
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achieved independence from Britain, and became a democracy based on the
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5323:
5305:
5287:
4017:"Electing Presidents in Presidential and Semi-Presidential Democracies"
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1971:
1902:
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by taking aggressive actions in territories controlled by its signers.
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488:
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3624:, and brought to Burma by Hindu colonists. The collection was made at
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5273:
5037:"EU likely to further eased sanctions on Myanmar : spokeswoman"
976:
195:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
64:
7274:
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2039:
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2010:
1986:
1922:
1520:
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1276:
1178:
1146:
1111:
1064:
952:
5503:
page 2 of the Burma Policy Briefing by the Transnational Institute
5067:"Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy Wins Majority in Myanmar"
1641:
but were never allowed to take power, decided not to participate.
6548:
5820:
5811:
5588:
4717:
3656:
Burma is divided into seven regions (previously called divisions-
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until 19 October 2004, when he was forcibly deposed in favour of
1374:
1363:
1331:
1264:
1043:
921:
264:
5932:
Acting Cabinet of the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
5175:
Myanmar Military Appoints Ex-Generals, USDP Members to New Govt
3948:
3938:
3625:
1435:
1431:
1351:
1054:
founded the first unified Myanmar state at Bagan. In 1287, the
4024:
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
5247:. The Global New Light of Myanmar. 1 February 2023. p. 6
4518:
UN Secretary Repeats Call for Release of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi
4183:
The Ripple Effect: China's Complex Presence in Southeast Asia
3953:
3887:
3837:
1544:
4463:"Suu Kyi's Detention Extended, Supporters likely to Protest"
2631:
Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation
3973:
3943:
3928:
3877:
3862:
3857:
3751:
3664:), classified by ethnic composition. The seven regions are
1288:
1046:
as a unified entity, formerly called Burma, began with the
3338:
1738:
4843:"Myanmar Election Observation Encouraging But Inadequate"
3968:
3958:
3918:
3897:
3842:
1322:, which had been administered separately by the British.
1193:
in their own state since being removed from lands by the
6204:
Union Government Office (1), Union Government Office (2)
5521:
The River of Lost Footsteps: A Personal History of Burma
5007:"ASEAN leaders call for sanctions on Burma to be lifted"
4584:"China calls for all Myanmar sanctions to go after poll"
4346:"Reuters Belgian group seeks Total boycott over Myanmar"
3868:
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
1663:
In by-elections held in 2012, the main opposition party
4931:"NLD files official complaint against ballot tampering"
3898:
International Monetary Fund Organization (IMO) -see IMF
3550:
the legislative power of the Union is shared among the
4436:"Internet Filtering in Burma in 2005: A Country Study"
3526:
which is the largest economic corporation in Myanmar.
3498:
The Commander-in-Chief of the Myanmar Defense Forces (
1566:, Burma's military government agreed to embark upon a
7681:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5193:
2319:
Minister of Investment and Foreign Economic Relations
5346:
Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
5328:
Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
5310:
Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
5292:
Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
4707:
Suu Kyi party splits, faction to run in Myanmar poll
1079:
After 1885, the country was administered as part of
5927:
National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma
5754:
National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma
5541:
General Ne Win's Legacy of Burmanization in Myanmar
4736:"The Slow Thaw of Burma's Notorious Military Junta"
4240:. London and New Jersey: Zed Books. pp. 42–43.
3589:jurisdiction. The highest court in the land is the
3099:
Minister of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement
1417:the sanctions. For example, the French oil company
1129:Democracy was suspended in the country following a
89:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6564:
5274:"ပြည်ထောင်စုဝန်ကြီးတာဝန် ပြောင်းရွှေ့ခန့်အပ်ခြင်း"
5236:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5190:
4764:
4645:"Cyclone-hit Myanmar says 92 percent back charter"
4900:"Myanmar ruling party claims poll irregularities"
4874:"Australian monitors denied visas ahead of polls"
4676:"Burma bans marching and chanting during rallies"
3372:Vice Chairman of the State Administration Council
2508:Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation
1872:Vice Chairman of the State Administration Council
1177:ethnic groups have sought asylum in neighbouring
7705:
6169:Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation
5457:
5445:
5421:
5409:
4817:"China praises much-criticised Myanmar election"
4560:Myanmar breaks own law holding Suu Kyi: UN panel
1724:is constitutionally barred from the presidency.
5837:Gazette of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
5433:
5399:"ပြည်ထောင်စုဝန်ကြီးတာဝန်မှ အနားယူခွင့်ပြုခြင်း"
5225:
4906:. InterAksyon.com. 6 April 2012. Archived from
4767:"Burmese election won by military-backed party"
4733:
4238:Burma -Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity
3741:Pao (Hopong, Hshihseng and Pinlaung townships),
5518:
5242:"State Administration Council Order No 6/2023"
4758:
3518:which controls border affairs of the country,
7290:
6533:
5794:
5569:
4460:
3615:
3514:which in turn controls Myanmar Armed Forces,
2552:Minister of Cooperative and Rural Development
902:
3783:. There might be a discussion about this on
3593:. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is
3510:. He can also directly appoint ministers in
3489:Chairman of the State Administration Council
3355:Chairman of the State Administration Council
1841:Chairman of the State Administration Council
1525:Union Solidarity and Development Association
1091:, who make up 68 percent of the population.
4980:"Singapore welcomes Myanmar's progress: PM"
4876:. Democratic Voice of Burma. Archived from
4014:
3873:International Development Association (IDA)
3645:
1606:. It was the first national vote since the
1236:
1005:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
7297:
7283:
6540:
6526:
6275:National Planning and Economic Development
6265:Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development
5801:
5787:
5576:
5562:
4378:. Heinrich Böll Foundation. Archived from
909:
895:
6225:Communications and Information Technology
6154:Investment and Foreign Economic Relations
6016:Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
4871:
4399:
4397:
4253:"Can Another Asian Fill U Thant's Shoes?"
3803:Learn how and when to remove this message
3597:, and the Attorney General is also named
2482:Minister of Religious Affairs and Culture
1764:
1345:
1325:
1025:Learn how and when to remove this message
792:Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
312:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
149:Learn how and when to remove this message
5642:Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
5268:
5266:
5264:
5262:
4673:
4486:
4211:"The Constitution of the Union of Burma"
3752:International organisation participation
3533:
2578:Minister of Transport and Communications
1703:
1695:
1637:, which overwhelmingly won the previous
289:of all important aspects of the article.
6245:Environmental Conservation and Forestry
6189:Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement
5583:
5153:tatmadaw-names-new-government-officials
5004:
4928:
4612:
4316:"How Best to Rid the World of Monsters"
4282:
3997:United Nations Special Envoy on Myanmar
3823:Association of South East Asian Nations
3727:Naga (Leshi, Lahe and Namyun townships)
3479:The president is the head of state and
2213:Minister of Union Government Office (2)
2119:Minister of Union Government Office (1)
1739:2021 military coup and subsequent junta
1413:offices are held by military officers.
1336:Secretary-General of the United Nations
966:
7706:
6255:Labour, Employment and Social Security
6069:Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation
5539:Eh Htoo, Saw and Tony Waters (2024).
5357:
5355:
5121:
4977:
4971:
4765:Reuters in Rangoon (9 November 2010).
4700:
4655:from the original on 15 September 2017
4394:
4203:
3738:Kokang (Konkyan and Laukkai townships)
3735:Palaung (Namshan and Manton townships)
3469:Union Solidarity and Development Party
2758:Minister of Immigration and Population
1646:Union Solidarity and Development Party
1233:which was signed by many such groups.
285:Please consider expanding the lead to
7278:
6521:
6444:Myanma Investment and Commercial Bank
6347:National Defence and Security Council
5782:
5557:
5259:
5134:from the original on 11 February 2017
5124:"Hundred days of Myanmar's democracy"
5103:from the original on 11 February 2017
5077:from the original on 13 November 2015
4777:from the original on 11 November 2010
4356:from the original on 14 November 2019
4313:
4295:from the original on 11 February 2021
4235:
4102:from the original on 21 February 2021
4072:from the original on 12 February 2021
3744:Danu (Ywangan and Pindaya townships),
3631:
3529:
3483:head of government, and oversees the
2371:Minister of International Cooperation
1124:
1106:
736:Ministry of International Cooperation
693:Self-Administered Zones and Divisions
688:States, Regions and Union Territories
379:National Defence and Security Council
7304:
7240:
6547:
6488:
6449:Myanma Agricultural Development Bank
5523:. London: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
5324:"Reorganization of union ministries"
4537:UN General Assembly condemns Myanmar
4438:. OpenNet Initiative. Archived from
4403:
4283:Horsley, William (20 October 2004).
4250:
4015:Abebe, Adem; Bulmer, Elliot (2019).
3755:
3604:
3516:Ministry of Border Affairs (Myanmar)
3029:Minister of Sports and Youth Affairs
1652:
1498:Human Rights Defenders and Promoters
1063:. The thousand-year line of Burmese
1003:adding citations to reliable sources
970:
258:
222:
160:
87:adding citations to reliable sources
58:
17:
6699:State Peace and Development Council
6476:
5352:
5342:"appointment of new union minister"
4180:
4174:
4033:from the original on 10 August 2023
3564:consists of the People's Assembly (
3319:
1757:. A military junta, officially the
1589:
1554:passed a resolution condemning the
1258:
13:
6395:Securities and Exchange Commission
6260:Labour, Immigration and Population
6089:Cooperatives and Rural Development
5509:
5017:from the original on 27 March 2014
4949:
4872:Hindstrom, Hanna (30 March 2012).
4621:. Associated Press. Archived from
4416:from the original on 28 March 2012
4132:from the original on 11 April 2021
4051:
3579:
3520:Ministry of Home Affairs (Myanmar)
3287:Minister of Electricity and Energy
2970:Minister of Science and Technology
2414:2 February 2021 and 30 August 2021
1937:
14:
7730:
5306:"formation of new union ministry"
5005:Murdoch, Lindsay (5 April 2012).
4853:from the original on 6 April 2012
4734:Andrew Marshall (11 April 2011).
4727:
4674:Buncombe, Andrew (23 June 2010).
4615:"Abuses in Burma Despite Reforms"
4326:from the original on 19 July 2005
4162:from the original on 20 June 2023
3828:Chittagong City Corporation (CCC)
3652:Administrative divisions of Burma
1749:Provisional Government of Myanmar
1574:. However, organizations such as
1215:Restoration Council of Shan State
33:This article has multiple issues.
7691:
7665:
7656:
7655:
7251:
7239:
7228:
7227:
6500:
6499:
6487:
6475:
6463:
6385:National Human Rights Commission
5810:
5709:Republic of the Union of Myanmar
5550:. Singapore: Palgrave MacMillan.
4959:. Associated Press. 6 April 2012
4847:Asian Network for Free Elections
3883:Irrawaddy Flotilla Company (IFC)
3760:
3337:
3328:
2291:Minister of Planning and Finance
1685:
1618:
1156:
1037:
975:
947:presidential republic under its
869:
851:National Human Rights Commission
338:
263:
227:
165:
63:
22:
5494:New administrative map of Burma
5487:
5478:
5469:
5391:
5373:
5334:
5316:
5298:
5280:
5168:
5146:
5115:
5089:
5059:
5029:
4998:
4922:
4892:
4865:
4835:
4809:
4667:
4637:
4613:Pittman, Todd (20 March 2012).
4606:
4594:from the original on 8 May 2013
4576:
4553:
4530:
4511:
4480:
4454:
4428:
4368:
4338:
4307:
4285:"Dilemma of dealing with Burma"
4276:
4267:
3914:International Olympic Committee
1556:human rights situation in Burma
1552:United Nations General Assembly
1530:The military government placed
1189:ethnic groups, who have become
1135:Burma Socialist Programme Party
1094:
1074:
277:may be too short to adequately
74:needs additional citations for
41:or discuss these issues on the
7623:British Indian Ocean Territory
5043:. 3 April 2012. Archived from
4244:
4229:
4144:
4114:
4084:
4045:
4008:
3587:International Court of Justice
3148:Minister of Hotels and Tourism
1761:was subsequently established.
1248:Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement
1231:Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement
1059:reforms were continued by the
287:provide an accessible overview
1:
6390:Myanmar Investment Commission
6179:Religious Affairs and Culture
5122:Fisher, Jonah (8 July 2016).
4487:Ba Kaung (13 November 2010).
4461:The Irrawaddy (27 May 2006).
4404:Ross, James (20 March 2012).
4152:"TOUNGOO DYNASTY (1510–1752)"
4002:
3512:Ministry of Defence (Myanmar)
1714:National League for Democracy
1692:2015 Myanmar general election
1665:National League for Democracy
1635:National League for Democracy
1625:2010 Myanmar general election
1421:and the American oil company
6908:State Administration Council
6654:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
6199:Transport and Communications
5894:State Administration Council
4819:. My Sinchew. Archived from
4314:Hiatt, Fred (23 June 2003).
3524:Myanmar Economic Corporation
3508:2008 Constitution of Myanmar
1759:State Administration Council
1745:State Administration Council
1302:was formed, consisting of a
1191:internally displaced peoples
955:took over the government in
415:State Administration Council
7:
6709:2011–2015 political reforms
4213:. DVB. 1947. Archived from
3990:
3984:Global Justice Center (GJC)
3893:International Monetary Fund
2172:Lieutenant General Soe Htut
2071:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1700:Voting at a polling station
1427:Yadana natural gas pipeline
1384:
1287:as its first president and
723:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
191:the claims made and adding
10:
7735:
7719:Politics of Southeast Asia
6380:Anti-Corruption Commission
6220:Agriculture and Irrigation
6134:Immigration and Population
6045:Revenue Appellate Tribunal
5430:, Chapter 1, Article 12(b)
5418:, Chapter 1, Article 12(a)
5097:"Myanmar under Transition"
4978:Ramesh, S (5 April 2012).
4933:. Mizzimar. Archived from
4849:. Bangkok. 22 March 2012.
3649:
3243:Minister of Ethnic Affairs
2657:Minister of Electric Power
2262:Minister of Border Affairs
1807:
1742:
1689:
1656:
1622:
1492:have documented egregious
1253:
7651:
7610:
7570:
7312:
7223:
7089:
7021:
7012:
6960:
6951:
6829:
6820:
6743:
6734:
6577:
6565:Myanmar is also known as
6563:
6559:
6457:
6439:Myanma Foreign Trade Bank
6419:
6403:
6375:Union Election Commission
6367:
6355:Union Civil Service Board
6337:
6316:
6307:
6212:
6149:International Cooperation
6061:
6052:
6028:
6008:
6000:State and Region Hluttaws
5956:
5949:
5937:National Unity Government
5919:
5852:
5845:
5827:
5764:National Unity Government
5746:
5715:
5708:
5667:
5641:
5595:
4122:"Myanmar country profile"
3964:World Health Organization
3723:Within the Sagain Region
3616:
3558:State and Region Hluttaws
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3381:Vice President of Myanmar
3363:Prime Minister of Myanmar
3285:
3241:
3146:
3097:
3053:
3027:
2994:
2968:
2940:
2868:
2812:
2756:
2728:
2681:
2655:
2629:
2576:
2550:
2506:
2480:
2429:
2403:Minister of Legal Affairs
2397:
2369:
2317:
2289:
2260:
2211:
2117:
2069:
2016:
1963:
1958:
1909:
1906:
1888:
1875:
1844:
1824:
1821:
1799:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1672:Union Election Commission
1659:2012 Myanmar by-elections
933:
797:National Unity Government
236:This article needs to be
7372:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
6834:Administrative divisions
6194:Sports and Youth Affairs
5988:House of Representatives
5533:10 February 2021 at the
5466:, Chapter 1, Article 141
5454:, Chapter 1, Article 109
5187:, accessed 24 March 2021
5180:23 February 2021 at the
5165:, accessed 24 March 2021
4929:Ko Pauk (1 April 2012).
4712:22 November 2020 at the
4684:. London. Archived from
4352:. Reuters. 10 May 1999.
4255:. The Irrawaddy Sep 2006
3979:World Trade Organization
3646:Administrative divisions
3614:or the Manu dhammathat (
3055:Minister of Construction
2018:Minister of Home Affairs
1708:Ballot papers and stamps
1507:There is no independent
1425:continue to operate the
1395:Senior General Than Shwe
1360:Burmese Way to Socialism
1308:Chamber of Nationalities
1237:2021 Myanmar coup d'état
1207:Kachin Independence army
1143:Burmese Way to Socialism
681:Administrative divisions
553:House of Representatives
7633:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
7204:Twelve Auspicious Rites
6985:Myanmar kyat (currency)
6290:State Counsellor Office
6036:Constitutional Tribunal
5832:Constitution of Myanmar
5519:Myint-U, Thant (2008).
5464:Constitution of Myanmar
5452:Constitution of Myanmar
5442:, Chapter 1, Article 74
5440:Constitution of Myanmar
5428:Constitution of Myanmar
5416:Constitution of Myanmar
5403:Ministry of Information
5158:1 February 2021 at the
5041:Deutsche Presse Agentur
4982:. Today. Archived from
4571:Daily Times of Pakistan
4489:"Suu Kyi Freed at Last"
4187:Oxford University Press
3692:; the seven states are
2431:Minister of Information
1594:Myanmar's army-drafted
1564:international isolation
1523:(Armed Forces) and the
1472:Burlington Coat Factory
1211:United League of Arakan
1069:Third Anglo-Burmese War
596:Constitutional Tribunal
366:Constitutional Tribunal
6184:Science and Technology
6104:Electricity and Energy
5976:House of Nationalities
5759:Acting Cabinet of CRPH
5738:Provisional Government
4236:Smith, Martin (1991).
3833:Central Provinces (CP)
3818:Asian Development Bank
3731:Within the Shan State
3543:
1830:Second Vice President
1765:Heads and deputy heads
1709:
1701:
1346:Military socialist era
1326:AFPFL/Union government
951:. On 1 February 2021,
752:Diplomatic missions of
541:House of Nationalities
518:Provisional Government
5964:Assembly of the Union
4542:30 April 2011 at the
3540:Assembly of the Union
3537:
2942:Minister of Education
1890:Deputy Prime Minister
1707:
1699:
1490:Amnesty International
479:Deputy Prime Minister
98:"Politics of Myanmar"
7547:United Arab Emirates
7041:Environmental issues
7000:Units of measurement
6647:First Toungoo Empire
6434:Myanma Economic Bank
6411:Myanmar Police Force
6351:Financial Commission
6280:Planning and Finance
6174:Planning and Finance
5073:. 13 November 2015.
4904:Agence France-Presse
4688:on 25 September 2015
3773:confusing or unclear
3686:Tanintharyi Division
3660:) and seven states (
3495:head of government.
3391:Main office-holders
3269:Jeng Phang Naw Taung
2870:Minister of Commerce
2730:Minister of Industry
1644:The military-backed
1600:two-stage referendum
1269:parliamentary system
1203:Karen National Union
999:improve this section
967:Political conditions
945:assembly-independent
810:Mahn Win Khaing Than
83:improve this article
7714:Politics of Myanmar
7574:limited recognition
6679:Japanese occupation
6632:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
6285:Rail Transportation
5546:26 May 2024 at the
5499:12 May 2015 at the
4499:on 19 November 2010
4442:on 19 November 2008
3905:(nonsignatory user)
3781:clarify the section
3392:
2267:Lieutenant General
2148:Lieutenant General
2124:Lieutenant General
2047:Lieutenant General
2023:Lieutenant General
1965:Minister of Defence
1943:
1678:However, President
1572:political prisoners
1568:programme of reform
1304:Chamber of Deputies
1263:On 4 January 1948,
600:Chairman: Than Kyaw
331:Politics of Myanmar
7264:Outline of Myanmar
6980:Telecommunications
6896:commander-in-chief
6689:Socialist Republic
6637:Kingdom of Mrauk U
6470:Myanmar portal
6129:Hotels and Tourism
5872:President's Office
5528:CIA World Factbook
4880:on 7 November 2012
4801:has generic name (
4550:. 26 December 2008
4523:4 May 2012 at the
4382:on 30 October 2007
4181:Han, Enze (2024).
3633:Dhammazedi pyatton
3562:Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
3553:Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
3544:
3530:Legislative branch
3485:Cabinet of Myanmar
3390:
3248:Saw Tun Aung Myint
2996:Minister of Health
2814:Minister of Labour
2683:Minister of Energy
1942:
1710:
1702:
1576:Human Rights Watch
1562:Facing increasing
1543:and pressure from
1486:Human Rights Watch
1371:Rangoon University
1125:Socialist republic
1116:Pin-Lone agreement
1107:Panglong Agreement
961:anti-coup protests
959:, causing ongoing
953:Myanmar's military
876:Myanmar portal
176:possibly contains
7679:
7678:
7616:other territories
7306:Politics of Asia
7272:
7271:
7219:
7218:
7056:Human trafficking
7008:
7007:
6947:
6946:
6915:Political parties
6854:Foreign relations
6816:
6815:
6607:Myinsaing Kingdom
6573:
6572:
6515:
6514:
6363:
6362:
6303:
6302:
6250:Health and Sports
6024:
6023:
5945:
5944:
5906:Naypyidaw Council
5776:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5185:www.irrawaddy.com
5047:on 3 January 2014
4823:on 3 January 2014
4565:16 April 2013 at
4196:978-0-19-769659-0
4156:Facts and details
3813:
3812:
3805:
3678:Mandalay Division
3666:Ayeyarwady Region
3612:Wareru dhammathat
3606:Wareru dhammathat
3477:
3476:
3314:
3313:
3001:Health and Sports
2925:25 September 2023
2907:24 September 2023
2199:25 September 2023
2179:24 September 2023
1956:Left office
1953:Took office
1935:
1934:
1729:democratic system
1718:absolute majority
1653:2012 by-elections
1631:ethnic minorities
1612:elections in 2010
1350:In 1962, General
1050:in 849. In 1057,
1035:
1034:
1027:
949:2008 constitution
919:
918:
786:Exiled government
769:Visa requirements
716:Foreign relations
668:Political parties
361:2008 Constitution
322:
321:
314:
304:
303:
257:
256:
221:
220:
213:
178:original research
159:
158:
151:
133:
56:
7726:
7696:
7695:
7687:
7669:
7659:
7658:
7628:Christmas Island
7314:Sovereign states
7299:
7292:
7285:
7276:
7275:
7255:
7243:
7242:
7231:
7230:
7189:National symbols
7019:
7018:
6975:Opium production
6958:
6957:
6827:
6826:
6741:
6740:
6659:Konbaung dynasty
6561:
6560:
6542:
6535:
6528:
6519:
6518:
6503:
6502:
6491:
6490:
6479:
6478:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6329:Attorney General
6314:
6313:
6059:
6058:
5954:
5953:
5884:State Counsellor
5850:
5849:
5815:
5814:
5803:
5796:
5789:
5780:
5779:
5713:
5712:
5668:Union of Myanmar
5578:
5571:
5564:
5555:
5554:
5524:
5504:
5491:
5485:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5467:
5461:
5455:
5449:
5443:
5437:
5431:
5425:
5419:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5359:
5350:
5349:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5270:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5246:
5238:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5201:
5188:
5172:
5166:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5099:. Asian Review.
5093:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4926:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4746:on 15 April 2011
4742:. Archived from
4731:
4725:
4723:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4625:on 21 March 2012
4610:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4590:. 5 April 2012.
4580:
4574:
4557:
4551:
4534:
4528:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4495:. Archived from
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4401:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4185:. New York, NY:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4128:. 6 April 2011.
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4021:
4012:
3808:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3788:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3682:Sagaing Division
3619:
3618:
3487:. Currently the
3473:1 February 2021
3453:2 February 2021
3433:2 February 2021
3393:
3389:
3341:
3332:
3320:Executive branch
3291:
3003:
2953:16 February 2021
2822:
2766:
2399:Attorney General
2131:10 February 2020
2077:Wunna Maung Lwin
1944:
1941:
1907:1 February 2023
1881:2 February 2021
1850:2 February 2021
1805:1 February 2021
1778:Term of service
1769:
1768:
1722:Aung San Suu Kyi
1590:New constitution
1532:Aung San Suu Kyi
1468:Children's Place
1340:Aung San Suu Kyi
1259:Independence era
1061:Konbaung dynasty
1030:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1010:
979:
971:
935:
911:
904:
897:
874:
873:
872:
814:Vice President:
808:Prime Minister:
342:
326:
325:
317:
310:
299:
296:
290:
267:
259:
252:
249:
243:
231:
230:
223:
216:
209:
205:
202:
196:
193:inline citations
169:
168:
161:
154:
147:
143:
140:
134:
132:
91:
67:
59:
48:
26:
25:
18:
7734:
7733:
7729:
7728:
7727:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7704:
7703:
7702:
7690:
7682:
7680:
7675:
7647:
7615:
7606:
7587:Northern Cyprus
7573:
7566:
7308:
7303:
7273:
7268:
7215:
7194:Public holidays
7085:
7081:Sex trafficking
7004:
6943:
6881:Law enforcement
6812:
6788:Protected areas
6730:
6642:Toungoo dynasty
6617:Sagaing Kingdom
6592:Pyu city-states
6569:
6555:
6546:
6516:
6511:
6464:
6462:
6453:
6421:
6415:
6404:Law enforcement
6399:
6359:
6339:
6333:
6324:Auditor General
6309:
6299:
6208:
6114:Foreign Affairs
6048:
6020:
6004:
5941:
5915:
5911:Chief Ministers
5841:
5823:
5809:
5807:
5777:
5768:
5742:
5704:
5663:
5654:Maung Maung Kha
5637:
5591:
5582:
5548:Wayback Machine
5535:Wayback Machine
5512:
5510:Further reading
5507:
5501:Wayback Machine
5492:
5488:
5483:
5479:
5474:
5470:
5462:
5458:
5450:
5446:
5438:
5434:
5426:
5422:
5414:
5410:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5361:
5360:
5353:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5272:
5271:
5260:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5226:
5216:
5214:
5213:. 4 August 2023
5203:
5202:
5191:
5182:Wayback Machine
5173:
5169:
5163:www.mmtimes.com
5160:Wayback Machine
5151:
5147:
5137:
5135:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5080:
5078:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5050:
5048:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5020:
5018:
5003:
4999:
4989:
4987:
4986:on 7 April 2012
4976:
4972:
4962:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4940:
4938:
4937:on 1 April 2012
4927:
4923:
4913:
4911:
4910:on 7 April 2012
4898:
4897:
4893:
4883:
4881:
4870:
4866:
4856:
4854:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4826:
4824:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4798:
4797:
4788:
4787:
4780:
4778:
4763:
4759:
4749:
4747:
4732:
4728:
4721:
4714:Wayback Machine
4705:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4681:The Independent
4672:
4668:
4658:
4656:
4651:. 15 May 2008.
4643:
4642:
4638:
4628:
4626:
4611:
4607:
4597:
4595:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4573:. 25 March 2009
4558:
4554:
4544:Wayback Machine
4535:
4531:
4525:Wayback Machine
4516:
4512:
4502:
4500:
4485:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4459:
4455:
4445:
4443:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4419:
4417:
4402:
4395:
4385:
4383:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4359:
4357:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4320:Washington Post
4312:
4308:
4298:
4296:
4281:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4258:
4256:
4249:
4245:
4234:
4230:
4220:
4218:
4217:on 15 June 2006
4209:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4179:
4175:
4165:
4163:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4135:
4133:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4105:
4103:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4058:Washington Post
4050:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4019:
4013:
4009:
4005:
3993:
3988:
3809:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3778:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3690:Yangon Division
3674:Magway Division
3654:
3648:
3636:
3609:
3582:
3580:Judicial system
3573:Amyotha Hluttaw
3546:Under the 2008
3532:
3424:Min Aung Hlaing
3417:
3413:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3351:Min Aung Hlaing
3344:
3343:
3342:
3334:
3333:
3322:
3316:
3299:8 February 2021
3296:
3289:
3273:1 February 2023
3270:
3255:1 February 2023
3252:3 February 2021
3249:
3223:
3221:Thet Thet Khine
3203:1 February 2023
3200:
3185:1 February 2023
3179:
3159:7 February 2021
3156:
3154:Maung Maung Ohn
3128:
3110:4 February 2021
3107:
3105:Thet Thet Khine
3085:1 February 2023
3082:
3067:1 February 2023
3064:2 February 2021
3061:
3035:
3012:1 February 2021
3009:
3008:Thet Khaing Win
2998:
2976:
2950:
2922:
2901:
2881:3 February 2021
2878:
2850:
2832:1 February 2021
2829:
2816:
2794:
2773:
2760:
2738:
2710:
2689:
2663:
2640:2 February 2021
2637:
2611:
2590:3 February 2021
2587:
2558:
2538:1 February 2023
2535:
2520:1 February 2023
2517:3 February 2021
2514:
2491:1 February 2021
2488:
2462:
2460:Maung Maung Ohn
2442:1 February 2021
2439:
2411:
2382:1 February 2021
2379:
2351:
2330:1 February 2021
2327:
2302:1 February 2021
2299:
2274:1 February 2021
2271:
2242:
2221:
2196:
2173:
2152:
2128:
2105:1 February 2023
2102:
2085:1 February 2023
2082:1 February 2021
2079:
2051:
2030:1 February 2021
2027:
1998:
1977:1 February 2021
1974:
1940:
1938:Cabinet members
1846:Min Aung Hlaing
1767:
1751:
1743:Main articles:
1741:
1694:
1688:
1661:
1655:
1627:
1621:
1592:
1387:
1348:
1328:
1261:
1256:
1239:
1226:semi-democratic
1159:
1139:one-party state
1127:
1109:
1097:
1077:
1067:ended with the
1040:
1031:
1020:
1014:
1011:
996:
980:
969:
915:
886:
882:Other countries
870:
868:
863:
862:
831:
823:
822:
787:
779:
778:
760:
748:
718:
708:
707:
683:
673:
672:
664:
642:
617:
606:
605:
587:Chief Justice:
578:
570:
569:
536:
525:
524:
470:Min Aung Hlaing
424:Min Aung Hlaing
407:Min Aung Hlaing
392:
384:
383:
356:
333:
318:
307:
306:
305:
300:
294:
291:
284:
272:This article's
268:
253:
247:
244:
241:
232:
228:
217:
206:
200:
197:
182:
170:
166:
155:
144:
138:
135:
92:
90:
80:
68:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
7732:
7722:
7721:
7716:
7701:
7700:
7677:
7676:
7674:
7673:
7663:
7652:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7619:
7617:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7578:
7576:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7318:
7316:
7310:
7309:
7302:
7301:
7294:
7287:
7279:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7266:
7261:
7249:
7237:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7211:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7095:
7093:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7022:
7016:
7010:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6997:
6995:Transportation
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6961:
6955:
6949:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6939:
6932:Prime Minister
6929:
6928:
6927:
6917:
6912:
6911:
6910:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6893:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6869:Women's rights
6866:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6830:
6824:
6818:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6744:
6738:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6684:Union of Burma
6681:
6676:
6671:
6669:Karenni States
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6622:Kingdom of Ava
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6597:Thaton Kingdom
6594:
6589:
6583:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6557:
6556:
6545:
6544:
6537:
6530:
6522:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6497:
6485:
6473:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6425:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6407:
6405:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6352:
6349:
6343:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6320:
6318:
6311:
6308:Constitutional
6305:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6235:Electric Power
6232:
6227:
6222:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6109:Ethnic Affairs
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6074:Border Affairs
6071:
6065:
6063:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6038:
6032:
6030:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6018:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5960:
5958:
5951:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5914:
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5908:
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5891:
5886:
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5879:Vice President
5876:
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5593:
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4771:guardian.co.uk
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4044:
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3650:Main article:
3647:
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3567:Pyithu Hluttaw
3531:
3528:
3504:super-majority
3475:
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3459:Vice President
3455:
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2975:Myo Thein Kyaw
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2904:19 August 2022
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2227:19 August 2022
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2031:
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2020:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1960:
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1954:
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1932:
1926:
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1918:
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1911:
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1894:1 August 2021
1892:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:1 August 2021
1861:
1859:Prime Minister
1855:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:Henry Van Thio
1831:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:30 March 2016
1820:
1818:Vice President
1813:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1766:
1763:
1740:
1737:
1690:Main article:
1687:
1684:
1657:Main article:
1654:
1651:
1639:1990 elections
1623:Main article:
1620:
1617:
1610:. Multi-party
1604:Cyclone Nargis
1591:
1588:
1399:prime minister
1386:
1383:
1347:
1344:
1327:
1324:
1320:Frontier Areas
1285:Sao Shwe Thaik
1281:Union of Burma
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1238:
1235:
1195:military junta
1158:
1155:
1141:guided by the
1126:
1123:
1108:
1105:
1096:
1093:
1076:
1073:
1052:King Anawrahta
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
983:
981:
974:
968:
965:
926:formerly Burma
917:
916:
914:
913:
906:
899:
891:
888:
887:
885:
884:
878:
865:
864:
861:
860:
855:
854:
853:
843:
838:
832:
830:Related topics
829:
828:
825:
824:
821:
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819:
818:
812:
806:
794:
788:
785:
784:
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733:
732:
731:
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714:
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709:
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705:
700:
695:
690:
684:
679:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
665:
663:
662:
657:
652:
648:Presidential:
645:
643:
641:
640:
633:
628:
621:
618:
612:
611:
608:
607:
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603:
602:
601:
593:
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579:
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568:
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561:
560:
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549:
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537:
531:
530:
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522:
521:
520:
509:
508:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
475:
474:
473:
472:
460:Prime Minister
456:
455:
454:
453:
452:Second: Vacant
450:
442:Vice-President
438:
437:
436:
435:
426:
412:
411:
410:
393:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
376:
375:
374:
363:
357:
352:
351:
348:
347:
344:
343:
335:
334:
329:
320:
319:
302:
301:
281:the key points
271:
269:
262:
255:
254:
235:
233:
226:
219:
218:
173:
171:
164:
157:
156:
71:
69:
62:
57:
31:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7731:
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7613:
7609:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7597:South Ossetia
7595:
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7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7046:Ethnic groups
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
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7029:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7011:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
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6918:
6916:
6913:
6909:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6901:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6891:military rule
6889:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6861:
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6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
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6825:
6823:
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6809:
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6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6763:Deforestation
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6733:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6704:2007 protests
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6694:8888 Uprising
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6627:Prome Kingdom
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6612:Pinya Kingdom
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6602:Pagan Kingdom
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6568:
6562:
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6508:
6507:
6498:
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6427:
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6418:
6412:
6409:
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6402:
6396:
6393:
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6388:
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6353:
6350:
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6330:
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6325:
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6319:
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6312:
6306:
6296:
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6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6205:
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6200:
6197:
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6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6164:Legal Affairs
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6051:
6044:
6042:
6041:Supreme Court
6039:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6007:
6001:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:In government
5955:
5952:
5948:
5938:
5935:
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5918:
5912:
5909:
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5904:
5900:
5897:
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5895:
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5890:
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5880:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:In government
5851:
5848:
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5804:
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5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5723:Thein Sein II
5721:
5720:
5718:
5716:In government
5714:
5711:
5707:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
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5688:
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5472:
5465:
5460:
5453:
5448:
5441:
5436:
5429:
5424:
5417:
5412:
5405:(in Burmese).
5404:
5400:
5394:
5387:(in Burmese).
5386:
5382:
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5369:(in Burmese).
5368:
5364:
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5212:
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5210:The Irrawaddy
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4567:archive.today
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4493:The Irrawaddy
4490:
4483:
4468:
4467:The Irrawaddy
4464:
4457:
4441:
4437:
4431:
4415:
4411:
4407:
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4398:
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3796:
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3785:the talk page
3782:
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3769:This section
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3714:Rakhine State
3711:
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3670:Bago Division
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3591:Supreme Court
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3439:Vice Chairman
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3226:3 August 2023
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3206:2 August 2023
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3038:1 August 2021
3037:
3034:Min Thein Zan
3032:
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2899:Aung Naing Oo
2896:
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2269:Tun Tun Naung
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2245:3 August 2023
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2224:1 August 2021
2223:
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2194:Aung Naing Oo
2191:
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2176:3 August 2023
2175:
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2054:3 August 2023
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2035:
2033:3 August 2023
2032:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2001:3 August 2023
2000:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1985:
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1980:3 August 2023
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1962:
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1686:2015 election
1683:
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1632:
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1619:2010 election
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:1990 election
1605:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1584:Rakhine State
1581:
1577:
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1560:
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1464:JoS. A. Banks
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:Liz Claiborne
1449:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1419:TotalEnergies
1414:
1412:
1409:. Almost all
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:head of state
1382:
1380:
1379:8888 Uprising
1376:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1343:
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1323:
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1272:
1270:
1266:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:staged a coup
1234:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1219:Mong Tai Army
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1157:1988 Uprising
1154:
1152:
1151:1988 Uprising
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:British Burma
1082:
1081:British India
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1056:Bagan kingdom
1053:
1049:
1048:Pagan Kingdom
1045:
1038:Early history
1029:
1026:
1018:
1015:February 2023
1008:
1004:
1000:
994:
993:
989:
984:This section
982:
978:
973:
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962:
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905:
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890:
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877:
867:
866:
859:
858:Naming issues
856:
852:
849:
848:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
827:
826:
817:
816:Duwa Lashi La
813:
811:
807:
804:
803:Duwa Lashi La
800:
799:
798:
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790:
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783:
782:
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770:
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619:
616:
610:
609:
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597:
594:
590:
586:
585:
584:
583:Supreme Court
581:
580:
574:
573:
566:
563:
559:
556:
555:
554:
551:
547:
544:
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542:
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468:
467:
465:
461:
458:
457:
451:
449:
445:
444:
443:
440:
439:
434:
430:
429:Vice Chairman
427:
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418:
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416:
413:
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248:February 2021
239:
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174:This article
172:
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121:
117:
114:
110:
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103:
100: –
99:
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94:Find sources:
88:
84:
78:
77:
72:This article
70:
66:
61:
60:
55:
53:
46:
45:
40:
39:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
7612:Dependencies
7542:Turkmenistan
7507:Saudi Arabia
7471:
7256:
7244:
7232:
7076:Prostitution
7031:Demographics
6970:Central bank
6859:Human rights
6839:Constitution
6821:
6674:British rule
6566:
6504:
6492:
6480:
6461:
6429:Central Bank
6230:Cooperatives
6124:Home Affairs
6084:Construction
5864:
5816:
5700:Thein Sein I
5685:Than Shwe II
5520:
5489:
5480:
5471:
5459:
5447:
5435:
5423:
5411:
5402:
5393:
5384:
5375:
5366:
5345:
5336:
5327:
5318:
5309:
5300:
5291:
5282:
5249:. Retrieved
5215:. Retrieved
5208:
5184:
5170:
5162:
5148:
5136:. Retrieved
5127:
5117:
5105:. Retrieved
5091:
5079:. Retrieved
5070:
5061:
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3295:Aung Than Oo
2979:17 June 2021
2849:Dr Pwint San
2827:Myint Kyaing
2793:Myint Kyaing
2736:Charlie Than
2709:Myo Myint Oo
2585:Tin Aung San
2561:24 June 2021
2377:Ko Ko Hlaing
1996:Tin Aung San
1916:Tin Aung San
1786:Left office
1783:Took office
1752:
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1199:drug cartels
1160:
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1101:World War II
1098:
1095:World War II
1083:until 1937.
1078:
1075:British rule
1041:
1021:
1012:
997:Please help
985:
937:
920:
846:Human rights
742:Ko Ko Hlaing
659:
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589:Htun Htun Oo
494:Tin Aung San
354:Constitution
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81:Please help
76:verification
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32:
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7671:Asia portal
7572:States with
7492:Philippines
7432:South Korea
7427:North Korea
7322:Afghanistan
6965:Agriculture
6803:Earthquakes
6664:Shan States
6482:WikiProject
6420:State-owned
6368:Commissions
6144:Information
5950:Legislative
5680:Than Shwe I
5385:Eleven News
5367:Eleven News
5081:13 November
4827:11 November
4781:11 November
4750:1 September
4692:8 September
4503:14 November
4106:22 February
4076:22 February
4037:14 February
3706:Kayah State
3702:Kayin State
3309:Independent
3290:(dissolved)
3262:Independent
3213:Independent
3192:Independent
3169:Independent
3141:Independent
3074:Independent
3048:Independent
3022:Independent
2989:Independent
2963:Independent
2935:Independent
2914:Independent
2891:Independent
2863:Independent
2842:Independent
2807:Independent
2751:Independent
2741:22 May 2021
2723:Independent
2702:Independent
2676:Independent
2650:Independent
2571:Independent
2527:Independent
2513:Tin Htut Oo
2501:Independent
2475:Independent
2452:Independent
2424:Independent
2392:Independent
2364:Independent
2340:Independent
2312:Independent
2255:Independent
2241:Ko Ko Naing
2234:Independent
2202:27 May 2024
2155:11 May 2021
2134:11 May 2021
1448:Eddie Bauer
1389:The former
1356:coup d'état
1316:Upper Burma
1312:Lower Burma
936:) operates
801:President:
774:Visa policy
535:(dissolved)
533:Legislature
7708:Categories
7552:Uzbekistan
7527:Tajikistan
7442:Kyrgyzstan
7422:Kazakhstan
7342:Bangladesh
7332:Azerbaijan
7174:Literature
7129:Censorship
7109:State Seal
6903:Parliament
6844:Corruption
6768:Ecoregions
6587:Prehistory
6054:Ministries
5817:Government
5690:Khin Nyunt
5251:8 February
5138:9 February
5107:9 February
4773:. London.
4299:2 November
4251:Aung Zaw.
4003:References
3793:March 2023
3775:to readers
3718:Shan State
3694:Chin State
3640:Dhammazedi
3617:မနုဓမ္မသတ်
3302:2 May 2022
3127:Dr Soe Win
2692:2 May 2022
2688:Thaung Han
2666:2 May 2022
2662:Thaung Han
2609:Mya Tun Oo
2437:Chit Naing
2219:Chit Naing
1972:Mya Tun Oo
1903:Mya Tun Oo
1808:Incumbent
1680:Thein Sein
1537:Kofi Annan
1403:Khin Nyunt
1318:, and the
1300:parliament
1217:, and the
841:Federalism
756:in Myanmar
740:Minister:
727:Minister:
565:Opposition
489:Mya Tun Oo
391:Government
370:Chairman:
295:March 2023
201:March 2021
185:improve it
139:March 2021
109:newspapers
38:improve it
7638:Hong Kong
7592:Palestine
7517:Sri Lanka
7512:Singapore
7392:Indonesia
7199:Tattooing
7159:Festivals
7154:Etymology
7061:Languages
7036:Education
6920:President
6849:Elections
6808:Volcanoes
6783:Mountains
6736:Geography
6724:Civil war
6714:2021 coup
6295:Transport
6099:Education
6029:Judiciary
5860:President
5846:Executive
5733:Win Myint
5728:Htin Kyaw
5675:Saw Maung
5633:Ne Win II
4791:cite news
4066:0190-8286
3710:Mon State
3638:Mon King
3464:Myint Swe
3415:President
3377:Myint Swe
3359:President
3276:Incumbent
3229:Incumbent
3199:Aung Thaw
3177:Htay Aung
3134:Incumbent
3088:Incumbent
3081:Myo Thant
3041:Incumbent
3015:Incumbent
2982:Incumbent
2956:Incumbent
2928:Incumbent
2876:Pwint San
2856:Incumbent
2800:Incumbent
2744:Incumbent
2716:Incumbent
2669:Incumbent
2643:Incumbent
2617:Incumbent
2564:Incumbent
2541:Incumbent
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2468:Incumbent
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2305:Incumbent
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2277:Incumbent
2248:Incumbent
2108:Incumbent
2057:Incumbent
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1947:Portfolio
1930:Win Shein
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1796:President
1755:Naypyidaw
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1509:judiciary
1330:In 1961,
1297:bicameral
1071:in 1885.
986:does not
703:Townships
698:Districts
624:General:
615:elections
577:Judiciary
499:Win Shein
448:Myint Swe
397:President
372:Than Kyaw
279:summarize
189:verifying
44:talk page
7698:Politics
7661:Category
7582:Abkhazia
7532:Thailand
7487:Pakistan
7467:Mongolia
7462:Maldives
7457:Malaysia
7357:Cambodia
7234:Category
7209:Weddings
7169:Folklore
7139:Clothing
7119:Calendar
7114:Capitals
7066:Religion
6886:Military
6876:Conflict
6822:Politics
6798:Wildlife
6719:Protests
6553:articles
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6079:Commerce
6062:Existing
6009:In exile
5920:In exile
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5623:Ne Win I
5618:U Nu III
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5531:Archived
5497:Archived
5217:5 August
5178:Archived
5156:Archived
5132:Archived
5128:BBC News
5101:Archived
5075:Archived
5071:BBC News
5015:Archived
4857:24 March
4851:Archived
4775:Archived
4710:Archived
4653:Archived
4629:22 March
4592:Archived
4563:Archived
4540:Archived
4521:Archived
4420:22 March
4414:Archived
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4324:Archived
4293:Archived
4289:BBC News
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4126:BBC News
4100:Archived
4070:Archived
4028:Archived
3991:See also
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2817:(former
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2100:Than Swe
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2040:Tatmadaw
2025:Soe Htut
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1994:Admiral
1987:Tatmadaw
1970:General
1950:Minister
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1277:republic
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729:Than Swe
504:Than Swe
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7382:Georgia
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7327:Armenia
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7144:Cuisine
7091:Culture
7014:Society
6990:Tourism
6953:Economy
6773:Islands
6758:Climate
6748:Borders
6579:History
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6494:Commons
6338:Meeting
6317:Offices
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5993:Speaker
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7149:Dance
7071:Women
7026:Crime
6778:Lakes
6567:Burma
6270:Mines
5245:(PDF)
4740:Times
4722:7 May
4031:(PDF)
4020:(PDF)
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3888:IFRCS
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1775:Name
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940:as a
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6937:list
6925:list
6864:LGBT
5866:list
5253:2023
5219:2023
5140:2017
5109:2017
5083:2015
5053:2012
5023:2012
4992:2012
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4803:help
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