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Pontifical Academy of Sciences

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1947:"Amongst the many consolations with which divine Goodness has wished to make happy the years of our Pontificate, I am happy to place that of our having being able to see not a few of those who dedicate themselves to the studies of the sciences mature their attitude and their intellectual approach towards religion. Science, when it is real cognition, is never in contrast with the truth of the Christian faith. Indeed, as is well known to those who study the history of science, it must be recognized on the one hand that the Roman Pontiffs and the Catholic Church have always fostered the research of the learned in the experimental field as well, and on the other hand that such research has opened up the way to the defense of the deposit of supernatural truths entrusted to the Church.... We promise again that it is our strongly-held intention, that the 'Pontifical Academicians', through their work and our Institution, work ever more and ever more effectively for the progress of the sciences. Of them we do not ask anything else, since this praiseworthy intent and this noble work in the service of the truth is what we expect of them." 1963:"The existence of this Pontifical Academy of Sciences, of which in its ancient ancestry Galileo was a member and of which today eminent scientists are members, without any form of ethnic or religious discrimination, is a visible sign, raised amongst the peoples of the world, of the profound harmony that can exist between the truths of science and the truths of faith.... The Church of Rome together with all the Churches spread throughout the world attributes a great importance to the function of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. The title of 'Pontifical' given to the Academy means, as you know, the interest and the commitment of the Church, in different forms from the ancient patronage, but no less profound and effective in character.... How could the Church have lacked interest in the most noble of the occupations which are most strictly human – the search for truth?" 1968:"Both believing scientists and non-believing scientists are involved in deciphering the palimpsest of nature which has been built in a rather complex way, where the traces of the different stages of the long evolution of the world have been covered over and mixed up. The believer, perhaps, has the advantage of knowing that the puzzle has a solution, that the underlying writing is in the final analysis the work of an intelligent being, and that thus the problem posed by nature has been posed to be solved and that its difficulty is without doubt proportionate to the present or future capacity of humanity. This, perhaps, will not give him new resources for the investigation engaged in. But it will contribute to maintaining him in that healthy optimism without which a sustained effort cannot be engaged in for long." 1980:"Dialogue and cooperation between faith and science are urgently needed for building a culture that respects people and the planet.... Without faith and science informing each other, the great questions of humanity leave the domain of reason and truth, and are abandoned to the irrational, to myth, or to indifference, with great damage to humanity itself, to world peace and to our ultimate destiny.... (As people strive to) unlock the mysteries of man and the universe, I am convinced of the urgent need for continued dialogue and cooperation between the worlds of science and of faith in building a culture of respect for man, for human dignity and freedom, for the future of our human family, and for the long-term sustainable development of our planet." 1851: 1925: 4498: 3375: 1559: 1615: 167: 1701: 36: 4871: 4510: 3387: 1754: 1571: 4859: 1740:
character of its membership. The Academy is an independent body within the Holy See and enjoys freedom of research. The statutes of 1976 express its goal: "The Pontifical Academy of Sciences has as its goal the promotion of the progress of the mathematical, physical, and natural sciences, and the study of related epistemological questions and issues."
1858:
Since the Academy and its membership is not influenced by factors of a national, political, or religious character it represents a valuable source of objective scientific information which is made available to the Holy See and to the international scientific community. Today the work of the Academy
1989:
The new members of the Academy are elected by the body of Academicians and chosen from men and women of every race and religion based on the high scientific value of their activities and their high moral profile. They are then officially appointed by the Roman Pontiff. The Academy is governed by a
1739:
Since 1936, the Pontifical Academy of Sciences has been concerned both with investigating specific scientific subjects belonging to individual disciplines and with the promotion of interdisciplinary co-operation. It has progressively increased the number of its academicians and the international
1882:
The disciplines involved are sub-divided into eight fields: the disciplines of physics and related disciplines; astronomy; chemistry; the earth and environmental sciences; the life sciences (botany, agronomy, zoology, genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, the neurosciences, surgery);
1994:
raised the number of members for life to 80, side by side with a limited number of Honorary Academicians chosen because they are highly qualified figures, and others who are Academicians because of the posts they hold, including: the Chancellor of the Academy, the Director of the
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With the goal of promoting scientific research, the Pius XI Medal is awarded by the Academy every two years to a young scientist who is under the age of 45 and shows exceptional promise. A few of the winners have also become members of the Academy.
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Cesi wanted his academicians to adhere to a research methodology based upon observation, experimentation, and the inductive method. He thus called his academy "dei lincei" because its members had "eyes as sharp as
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President, appointed from its members by the Pope, who is helped by a scientific Council and by the Chancellor. Initially made up of 80 Academicians, 70 who were appointed for life. In 1986
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problems. The Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei ("Pontifical Academy of the New Lynxes") was founded in 1847 as a more closely supervised successor to the
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in 1847 and given the name Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei ("Pontifical Academy of the New Lynxes"). It was later re-founded in 1936 by
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once again emphasized the role and goals of the Academy, on the 100th anniversary (centenary) of the birth of
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The president of the Academy is appointed from its members by the Pope. The current president is
2004: 1764: 1546: 1490: 1355: 1315: 1250: 1205: 960: 943: 883: 512: 463: 373: 243: 194: 3614: 4370: 4263: 3733: 2716: 2283:"Sustainability, the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and the Catholic Church's Ecological Turn" 1614: 1525: 1320: 1114: 433: 406: 340: 79: 4556: 4325: 4290: 4196: 4057: 3996: 3909: 3885: 3841: 3836: 3718: 3625: 3538: 3504: 3196: 2969: 2825: 2653: 2165: 1455: 1325: 1310: 1295: 1255: 1195: 1119: 1109: 1092: 640: 581: 531: 506: 494: 356: 294: 175: 54: 6214: 5633: 5616: 5417: 4440: 4295: 4283: 3931: 3924: 3713: 3603: 3563: 3558: 1664: 1465: 1400: 1365: 1170: 1097: 1075: 1023: 647: 91: 4146: 8: 5427: 5009: 4918: 4502: 4377: 4239: 3991: 3793: 3763: 3379: 3177: 2721: 2088: 1996: 1646: 1563: 1390: 808: 803: 616: 332: 4555: 4268: 2062: 4875: 4752: 4722: 4514: 4141: 4069: 3858: 3803: 3620: 3553: 3391: 3258: 3061: 1681: 1575: 1335: 1190: 995: 681: 50: 5115: 1720:
Academy of Lynxes was dissolved after the death of its founder, but was re-created by
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as its president. The Accademia dei Lincei survives as a wholly separate institution.
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mathematics; the applied sciences; and the philosophy and history of sciences.
1669:("Academy of Lynxes") established in Rome in 1603 by the learned Roman Prince, 1638: 1520: 1425: 1265: 870: 774: 573: 361: 261: 249: 2529: 6339: 5821: 5099: 4347: 4337: 3826: 3738: 3703: 2910:
Activities of Public Juridical Persons of the Church in the Healthcare Sector
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Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church
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College for the review of appeals by clergy accused of delicta reservata
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Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion
1911:– notes and memoirs as well as special studies on scientific subjects. 4079: 2615: 2026:
The list of all current and past presidents of the Academy is below:
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Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy
2186:"New head of Pontifical Academy of Science a natural Francis choice" 1753: 4870: 4656: 4509: 4392: 3458: 3386: 2708: 2564: 1886:
Principal among the many publications produced by the Academy are:
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Article about inner workings and relationship to other councils
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Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church
2783:
Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff
2501: 2486: 2322: 1045: 3594: 4564: 4018: 3470: 1710: 728: 2509:
Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences on Evolution
4151: 1866:
the science and technology of global questions and issues
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The Pontifical Academy of Sciences: A Historical Profile
5145: 3274:
Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters
2867:
Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia
153: 2019:, as of 21 June 2017, who assumed the position after 1932:
The goals and hopes of the Academy were expressed by
2753:
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
2257:"Vatican City State, Pontifical Academy of Sciences" 1976:
told members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences:
986:
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
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Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici
2644:
Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
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science in favor of the problems of the Third World
1381:
Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici
991:
Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
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Vatican Bank 244:Prisoner in the Vatican 4955:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4876:Catholicism portal 4700:Sacred Ambrosian Music 4515:Catholicism portal 4477:National football team 4471:National football team 4371:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 4063:For Vatican City State 3392:Catholicism portal 3191:Reform by John Paul II 2717:Apostolic Penitentiary 2669:Laity, Family and Life 1929: 1855: 1705: 1642: 1634: 1622: 1576:Catholicism portal 1526:Sistine Chapel ceiling 1321:Vatican Climate Forest 1246:Saint Peter's Basilica 1115:Vatican Christmas Tree 434:Pontifical Swiss Guard 407:1983 Code of Canon Law 341:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 4919:Academies of Sciences 4815:Immaculate Conception 4715:Autonomous institutes 4690:Christian Archaeology 4326:Holy See Press Office 4111:Corps of Firefighters 3886:Paul VI Audience Hall 3837:Domus Sanctae Marthae 3609:St. Peter's Baldachin 3539:Cortile del Belvedere 3505:History of the papacy 3254:Congregation of Rites 3102:Immaculate Conception 3016:Culture and Education 2945:Doctrine of the Faith 2861:Consecrated Religious 2826:Fabric of Saint Peter 2684:Culture and Education 2629:Doctrine of the Faith 2166:Science and the Popes 1999:, the Prefect of the 1927: 1853: 1703: 1621:, home of the academy 1617: 1456:Cortile del Belvedere 1361:St. Peter's Baldachin 1296:Paul VI Audience Hall 1196:Domus Sanctae Marthae 1120:Sport in Vatican City 1110:Women in Vatican City 1093:Music of Vatican City 582:Fabric of Saint Peter 532:Vatican Radio lawsuit 507:Holy See Press Office 495:Pontifical Commission 357:Crime in Vatican City 295:History of the Papacy 133:41.90417°N 12.45250°E 55:Pontifical University 4864:Education portal 4559:and institutions of 4387:L'Osservatore Romano 4296:Sistine Chapel Choir 4100:Corps of Gendarmerie 3925:Porta San Pellegrino 3876:Sant'Egidio in Borgo 3604:Chair of Saint Peter 3596:St. Peter's Basilica 3564:Piazza Scossacavalli 3097:Saint Thomas Aquinas 3050:Pontifical academies 3034:L'Osservatore Romano 2580:Secretariat of State 2225:translate.google.com 1941:"In multis solaciis" 1772:improve this article 1688:in the heart of the 1682:Pontifical academies 1665:Accademia dei Lincei 1466:Porta San Pellegrino 1401:Bibliotheca Palatina 1251:Saint Peter's Square 1171:Apostolic nunciature 1098:Sistine Chapel Choir 648:College of Cardinals 564:Secretariat of State 513:L'Osservatore Romano 4839:Pontifical Colleges 4378:Annuario Pontificio 4230:Academy of Sciences 3789:Gregoriano Egiziano 3178:Immensa Aeterni Dei 2921:Other organizations 2887:Historical Sciences 2855:Particular Churches 2722:Apostolic Signatura 2300:10.3390/rel11100488 2089:Carlos Chagas Filho 2031: 1997:Vatican Observatory 1972:On 8 November 2012 1863:fundamental science 1391:Vatican Observatory 1165:Buildings/geography 1029:List of Papal flags 617:Papal apocrisiarius 129: /  23: 5326:Dominican Republic 4797:St. Thomas Aquinas 4634:Regina Apostolorum 4142:Vatican euro coins 3937:Saint John's Tower 3910:St. Peter's Square 3859:Collegio Teutonico 3842:Holy Spirit Chapel 3804:Bramante Staircase 3784:Gregoriano Etrusco 3626:Saint Peter's tomb 3621:Vatican Necropolis 3480:List of sovereigns 3351:Catholic Education 3346:New Evangelization 3299:New Evangelization 3259:Apostolic Chancery 2904:Financial Security 2634:Service of Charity 2465:on 6 October 2012. 2441:"Rinunce e nomine" 2388:www.casinapioiv.va 2370:www.casinapioiv.va 2352:www.casinapioiv.va 2243:www.casinapioiv.va 2221:"Google Translate" 2204:www.casinapioiv.va 2029: 1930: 1856: 1706: 1647:scientific academy 1623: 1336:Vatican Necropolis 1306:Torre San Giovanni 1256:Saint Peter's tomb 1191:Bramante Staircase 1154:, 1941 documentary 996:Vatican euro coins 777:(Papal elections) 682:Dominique Mamberti 675:Court of Cassation 138:41.90417; 12.45250 51:Research institute 21: 6333: 6332: 5113: 5112: 4884: 4883: 4523: 4522: 4483:Vatican Athletics 4449: 4448: 4401: 4400: 4257:Apostolic Archive 4212: 4211: 4119: 4118: 3982:Foreign relations 3960: 3959: 3932:Ricciolo d'Italia 3900:Passetto di Borgo 3864:Teutonic Cemetery 3817: 3816: 3675:Borgia Apartments 3656: 3655: 3636:Tomb of the Julii 3400: 3399: 3364: 3363: 3326:Justice and Peace 3264:Apostolic Dataria 3197:Reform by Francis 3185:Reform by Paul VI 3171:Roman Inquisition 3136:Papal See of Rome 3130: 3129: 2694:Legislative Texts 2639:Oriental Churches 2610: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2152: 2151: 2141:Joachim von Braun 2017:Joachim von Braun 1974:Pope Benedict XVI 1848: 1847: 1840: 1822: 1734:Pope John Paul II 1704:Academy courtyard 1612: 1611: 1532:The Last Judgment 1461:Passetto di Borgo 1451:Teutonic Cemetery 1301:Tomb of the Julii 1236:Palazzi Pontifici 1186:Borgia Apartments 918:Visa requirements 890:Antoine Camilleri 844:Foreign relations 789:Recent conclaves 489:Giuseppe Bertello 310:Vatileaks scandal 255:Law of Guarantees 208:Donation of Pepin 160: 159: 97:Joachim von Braun 6383: 5228:Republika Srpska 5140: 5133: 5126: 5117: 5116: 4911: 4904: 4897: 4888: 4887: 4874: 4873: 4862: 4861: 4561:higher education 4550: 4543: 4536: 4527: 4526: 4513: 4512: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4360:Vatican News App 4314: 4313: 4223: 4222: 4130: 4129: 4053:Apostolic Camera 3971: 3970: 3947:Vatican Pharmacy 3892:The Resurrection 3709:Niccoline Chapel 3699:Cappella Paolina 3685:Papal apartments 3662:Apostolic Palace 3643:Vatican Grottoes 3592: 3591: 3583: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3427: 3420: 3413: 3404: 3403: 3390: 3389: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3204: 3203: 2925: 2924: 2788:Apostolic Camera 2649:Causes of Saints 2585: 2584: 2576: 2575: 2554: 2547: 2540: 2531: 2530: 2505: 2504: 2502:Official website 2467: 2466: 2461:. Archived from 2455: 2449: 2448: 2445:press.vatican.va 2437: 2431: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2401: 2392: 2391: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2302: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2217: 2208: 2207: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2182: 2132:20 December 2010 2096:30 October 1988 2083:15 January 1972 2063:Georges Lemaître 2047:Agostino Gemelli 2032: 2028: 1854:Academy entrance 1843: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1823: 1821: 1780: 1756: 1748: 1668: 1667: 1604: 1597: 1590: 1574: 1573: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1411:Cappella Paolina 1396:Vatican Pharmacy 1326:Vatican Heliport 1276:Niccoline Chapel 1261:Lateran Basilica 1241:Papal Apartments 1176:Apostolic Palace 1061:Papal coronation 799: 690:Court of Appeals 658: 423: 273: 169: 162: 161: 156: 144: 143: 141: 140: 139: 134: 130: 127: 126: 125: 122: 74: 72: 67: 38: 24: 20: 6391: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6336: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6167: 6161: 5949: 5943: 5891: 5885: 5827:British Academy 5800:Science Academy 5706:Slovak Republic 5607:North Macedonia 5155: 5149: 5144: 5114: 5109: 4921: 4915: 4885: 4880: 4868: 4856: 4848: 4817: 4803: 4769: 4767:Social Sciences 4747: 4709: 4671: 4638: 4615: 4567: 4554: 4524: 4519: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4487: 4445: 4419: 4415:Catholic Church 4397: 4312: 4308:Public holidays 4208: 4180: 4115: 4086: 4034: 4007: 4002:Fundamental Law 3956: 3822:Gregorian Tower 3813: 3751:Vatican Museums 3745: 3680:Clementine Hall 3652: 3568: 3491: 3440: 3431: 3401: 3396: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3360: 3208: 3202: 3157: 3126: 3117:Social Sciences 3045: 2992:Christian Unity 2916: 2870: 2844: 2841:Domus Vaticanae 2799: 2766: 2731: 2703: 2674:Christian Unity 2602: 2567: 2558: 2500: 2499: 2496: 2476: 2471: 2470: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2429:Wayback Machine 2420: 2416: 2403: 2402: 2395: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2366:"Pius XI Medal" 2364: 2363: 2359: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2331: 2329: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2255: 2254: 2250: 2239:"Casina Pio IV" 2237: 2236: 2232: 2219: 2218: 2211: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2188:. 23 June 2017. 2184: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2157: 2122:16 August 2010 2106:31 October 1988 2093:9 November 1972 2080:15 January 1968 2054:28 October 1936 2013: 1987: 1957:Albert Einstein 1922: 1844: 1833: 1827: 1824: 1781: 1779: 1769: 1757: 1746: 1715:Galileo Galilei 1698: 1690:Vatican Gardens 1675:Galileo Galilei 1659:epistemological 1608: 1568: 1558: 1556: 1539: 1538: 1534:by Michelangelo 1486:Vatican Museums 1481: 1479:Vatican Museums 1471: 1470: 1406:Cappella Giulia 1216:Gregorian Tower 1166: 1158: 1157: 1088:Vatican Library 1083:Vatican Museums 1078: 1068: 1067: 1019: 1011: 1010: 946: 936: 935: 927: 909: 896: 846: 836: 835: 824:Papal Gentleman 819:Papal household 813: 797: 758:Diocese of Rome 741:Catholic Church 724: 714: 713: 708: 696: 684: 656: 576: 491: 459: 449: 448: 416: 383:Doe v. Holy See 335: 325: 324: 271: 237:Capture of Rome 197: 187: 152: 137: 135: 131: 128: 123: 120: 118: 116: 115: 114: 113: 108: 70: 68: 65: 29: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6389: 6379: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6171: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5953: 5951: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5895: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5829: 5822:United Kingdom 5819: 5814: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5802: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 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4286: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4264:Climate Forest 4261: 4260: 4259: 4249: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4226: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4199: 4188: 4186: 4185:Infrastructure 4182: 4181: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4157:Poste Vaticane 4154: 4147:Communications 4144: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4113: 4107: 4102: 4096: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4083: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4066: 4065: 4055: 4044: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4032: 4030:Pietro Parolin 4024: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3896: 3895: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3861: 3851: 3846: 3845: 3844: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3774:Pio-Clementino 3771: 3766: 3761: 3755: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3724:Sistine Chapel 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3666: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3618: 3611: 3606: 3600: 3598: 3589: 3587:Major basilica 3576: 3570: 3569: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3549:Lateran Treaty 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3530: 3529: 3519: 3517:Circus of Nero 3514: 3507: 3501: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3489: 3484: 3483: 3482: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3456: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3430: 3429: 3422: 3415: 3407: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3394: 3382: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3212: 3210: 3201: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3174: 3173:(16th century) 3167: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3144: 3140: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3067:Ecclesiastical 3064: 3059: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3046: 3044: 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2475: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2450: 2432: 2414: 2393: 2375: 2357: 2348:"Publications" 2339: 2314: 2273: 2248: 2230: 2209: 2191: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2115:Nicola Cabibbo 2111: 2110: 2109:29 March 1993 2107: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2012: 2009: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1949: 1948: 1921: 1918: 1913: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1846: 1845: 1760: 1758: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1697: 1694: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1606: 1599: 1592: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1566: 1554: 1549: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1528: 1523: 1521:Sistine Chapel 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1482: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1426:Circus of Nero 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1266:Lateran Palace 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1090: 1085: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1053: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 947: 942: 941: 938: 937: 934: 933: 926: 925: 920: 915: 908: 907: 902: 895: 894: 893: 892: 886: 884:Paul Gallagher 875: 874: 873: 871:Lateran Treaty 863: 858: 853: 847: 842: 841: 838: 837: 834: 833: 828: 827: 826: 816: 815: 814: 812: 811: 806: 801: 792: 787: 786: 785: 775:Papal conclave 772: 767: 766: 765: 760: 750: 749: 748: 738: 737: 736: 725: 720: 719: 716: 715: 712: 711: 710: 709: 706: 699: 698: 697: 694: 687: 686: 685: 679: 672: 667: 666: 665: 660: 645: 644: 643: 633: 632: 631: 621: 620: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 584: 579: 578: 577: 574:Pietro Parolin 568: 561: 560: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 517: 509: 499: 498: 497: 492: 483: 481: 471: 466: 460: 455: 454: 451: 450: 447: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 425: 424: 414: 409: 399: 394: 389: 388: 387: 378: 364: 362:Lateran Treaty 359: 354: 349: 344: 336: 331: 330: 327: 326: 323: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 286: 285: 280: 265: 262:Lateran Treaty 259: 258: 257: 252: 250:Roman Question 246:" (1870–1929) 240: 234: 233: 232: 227: 222: 211: 205: 198: 193: 192: 189: 188: 183: 180: 179: 171: 170: 158: 157: 150: 146: 145: 106: 104: 100: 99: 94: 88: 87: 82: 76: 75: 62: 58: 57: 44: 40: 39: 31: 30: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6388: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6164: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5946: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5890:Transnational 5888: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5839:United States 5837: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5306:Côte d'Ivoire 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5160: 5158: 5152: 5148: 5141: 5136: 5134: 5129: 5127: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4912: 4907: 4905: 4900: 4898: 4893: 4892: 4889: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4728:Augustinianum 4726: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4674: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4551: 4546: 4544: 4539: 4537: 4532: 4531: 4528: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4504: 4494: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4452: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4348:Vatican Radio 4346: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4339: 4338:Vatican Media 4336: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4289: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4193: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4163: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4149: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4075:Congregations 4073: 4071: 4068: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3987:Vicar General 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3888: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3827:Casina Pio IV 3825: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3794:Pio Cristiano 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3740: 3739:Room of Tears 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3704:Raphael Rooms 3702: 3700: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3559:Borgo Vecchio 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3485: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3428: 3423: 3421: 3416: 3414: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3381: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3244: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3205: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030:Vatican Press 3029: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2990: 2985: 2984: 2983: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2769: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2497: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2446: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2426: 2423: 2418: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2398: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2371: 2367: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2328: 2324: 2318: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2277: 2262: 2258: 2252: 2244: 2240: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2216: 2214: 2205: 2201: 2200:"Magisterium" 2195: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2135:20 June 2017 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2119:30 March 1993 2118: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2070:20 June 1966 2069: 2067:19 March 1960 2066: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2057:15 July 1959 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1979: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1935: 1926: 1917: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1897:Scripta Varia 1895: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1852: 1842: 1839: 1831: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1789: –  1788: 1784: 1783:Find sources: 1777: 1773: 1767: 1766: 1761:This section 1759: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1741: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1702: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1686:Casina Pio IV 1683: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1671:Federico Cesi 1666: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1620: 1619:Casina Pio IV 1616: 1605: 1600: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1586: 1585: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1506:Raphael Rooms 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1475: 1474: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1421:Casina Pio IV 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1153: 1152: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1015: 1014: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 948: 945: 940: 939: 932: 929: 928: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 910: 906: 903: 901: 898: 897: 891: 887: 885: 881: 880: 879: 876: 872: 869: 868: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 848: 845: 840: 839: 832: 829: 825: 822: 821: 820: 817: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 794: 793: 791: 790: 788: 784: 783: 779: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 764: 761: 759: 756: 755: 754: 751: 747: 744: 743: 742: 739: 735: 732: 731: 730: 727: 726: 723: 718: 717: 705: 704: 703: 700: 693: 692: 691: 688: 683: 678: 677: 676: 673: 671: 670:Vical General 668: 664: 661: 659: 657:(Chamberlain) 655: 651: 650: 649: 646: 642: 639: 638: 637: 634: 630: 627: 626: 625: 622: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 589: 588: 585: 583: 580: 575: 571: 567: 566: 565: 562: 558: 555: 553: 552:Vatican Radio 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 522: 518: 515: 514: 510: 508: 505: 504: 503: 500: 496: 493: 490: 486: 482: 480: 477: 476: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 461: 458: 453: 452: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 422: 421: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 404: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 385: 384: 379: 376: 375: 370: 369: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 342: 338: 337: 334: 329: 328: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 284: 281: 279: 276: 275: 269: 266: 263: 260: 256: 253: 251: 248: 247: 245: 241: 238: 235: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 217: 215: 212: 209: 206: 203: 202:Duchy of Rome 200: 199: 196: 191: 190: 186: 182: 181: 177: 173: 172: 168: 164: 163: 155: 151: 147: 142: 112: 107:Casina Pio IV 105: 101: 98: 95: 93: 89: 86: 85:Peter Turkson 83: 81: 77: 63: 59: 56: 52: 48: 45: 41: 37: 32: 25: 19: 5950:associations 5854:Vatican City 5853: 5716:South Africa 5681:Saudi Arabia 5257:Burkina Faso 5105:Vatican City 5104: 4805: 4804: 4771: 4770: 4762: 4723:Alphonsianum 4705:Sacred Music 4695:John Paul II 4596:Lateranensis 4573:Universities 4466:Cricket team 4436:Coat of arms 4385: 4376: 4369: 4343:Vatican News 4269:Demographics 4247:Architecture 4235:AT telescope 4229: 3952:Vatican Hill 3890: 3799:Ethnographic 3689: 3613: 3534:Leonine City 3434:Vatican City 3319: 3242: 3176: 3076: 2900:Disciplinary 2895:Swiss Guards 2489:(in English) 2463:the original 2453: 2444: 2435: 2422:Benedict XVI 2417: 2409:www.ewtn.com 2408: 2387: 2378: 2369: 2360: 2351: 2342: 2330:. 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