615:(handicapped) games. It is a strategic game for two players in which each player is assigned one of the corner pockets on the table. This is the only pocket into which that player can legally pocket balls. The first player to pocket the majority of the balls (8) into their pocket wins the game. The game requires far more defensive strategy than offensive strategy, much unlike eight-ball, nine-ball, or straight pool. Most times, accomplished players choose to position balls near their pocket instead of trying to actually pocket them. This allows them to control the game by forcing their opponent to be on defense instead of taking a low percentage shot that could result in a loss of game. These low percentage shots are known as "flyers" by one-pocket aficionados.
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their suit, and without sinking the 8 ball early by accident. In the United
Kingdom the game is commonly played in pubs, and it is competitively played in leagues on both sides of the Atlantic. The most prestigious tournaments including the World Open are sponsored and sanctioned by the International Pool Tour. Rules vary widely from place to place (and between continents to such an extent that British-style
1184:
215:"a game in which each player uses a cue ball of a distinctive colour to pocket the balls of the other player(s) in a certain order, the winner taking all the stakes submitted at the start of the contest" is now obsolete, and its other specific definitions are all for games that originate in the United States. In the
1637:
214:
in the sense of combining objects or stakes. The oldest use of the word "pool" to describe a billiards-like game was made in 1797 in a
Virginia newspaper. The OED defines it as generally "any of various types of billiards for two or more players" but goes on to note that the first specific meaning of
209:
a game that is thought to have been played during the Middle Ages. Supposedly, participants would put an equal amount of money into a pot and throw stones at a live chicken, and the person who successfully hit the chicken first would win the pooled money. Alternatively the term could derive from the
349:
weigh from 5.5 to 6 oz (160 to 170 g) and have a diameter of 2.25 inches (57 mm), plus or minus 0.005 inches (0.13 mm). Modern coin-operated pool tables generally use one of three methods to distinguish and return the cue ball to the front of the table while the numbered balls
580:
The goal of eight-ball, which is played with a full rack of fifteen balls and the cue ball, is to claim a suit (commonly stripes or solids in the US, and reds or yellows in the UK), pocket all of them, then legally pocket the 8 ball, while denying one's opponent opportunities to do the same with
633:
game), but is more typically played with nine balls (frequently called "nine-ball bank"). The balls are racked in nine-ball formation, but in no particular order. The object of the game is simple: to be the first player to bank five balls in any order (eight balls when played with a full rack).
357:
are generally 58.5 inches (148.6 cm) long for pool while cues prior to 1980 were designed for straight pool and had an average length of 57.5 inches (146.1 cm). By comparison, carom billiards cues are generally shorter with larger tips, and snooker cues longer with smaller tips.
768:"Pool billiards" is sometimes hyphenated and/or spelled with a singular "billiard". The WPA itself uses "pool-billiard" in its logo but "pool-billiards" in its legal notices. The organization compounds the words to result in an acronym of "WPA", "WPBA" having already been taken by the
568:
The most commonly played pool game is eight-ball, which appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century. It is often thought of as synonymous with "pool". The game has numerous variations, mostly regional. It is the second most played professional pool game, after
597:"), typically played on smaller, coin-operated tables and in a "winner keeps the table" manner, can differ significantly even between two venues in the same city. The growth of local, regional and national amateur leagues may alleviate this confusion eventually.
500:, another offshoot of fifteen-ball pool. The shooter may attempt to shoot at any object ball on the table. The goal is to reach a set number of points determined by agreement before the game. One point is scored for each object ball pocketed where no
250:
definition no longer even provides the obsolete meaning found in the print edition, and refers only to the typical game "using two sets of seven coloured and numbered balls ... with one black ball and a white cue ball" on a table with pockets.
314:. The distinctive appearance of pool balls with their many colors and division between solid and striped balls came about by 1889. Prior to this, object balls were uniformly deep-red and differentiated only by numbers. English pyramid pool and
451:. Of these, nine-ball is the most popular and the predominant professional game with ten-ball as the second-most prominent. There are many local and regional tours and tournaments that are contested with nine-ball. The
665:
are games involving only a few balls which are placed at specific spots on the table. Elements of their games go back to the eighteenth century before balls needed to be racked. Bottle pool shares traits with
238:
later stuck to all new games of pocket billiards as the sport gained in popularity in the United States, and so outside the cue sports industry, which has long favored the more formal term
283:. American four-ball tournaments tried switching to carom tables in the 1870s but this did not save it from being doomed to obscurity; the last professional tournament was held in 1876.
634:
Penalties and fouls are similar to one pocket in that the player committing the foul must spot a ball for each foul. This must be done before the incoming player shoots.
508:
is made. A typical game might require a player to score 100 points to win. In professional competition, straight pool is usually played to 125 points. Straight pool is a
694:(WPA), which has multi-national, regional affiliates comprising the All Africa Pool Association (AAPA), Asian Pocket Billiard Union (APBU, including the Middle East),
455:(WPA) publishes the world standardized rules. The European professional circuit has instituted rules changes to make it more difficult to achieve a legal break shot.
423:
Rotation games require players to make legal contact with the lowest numbered ball on the table or a foul is called. The earliest rotation game, originally known as
706:(EPBF, including Russia and the Near East), and Oceania Pocket Billiard Association (OPBA, Australia, New Zealand, Pacific islands). The WPA represents pool in the
350:
return to an inaccessible receptacle until paid for again: the cue ball is larger and heavier than the other balls, or denser and heavier, or has a magnetic core.
2060:
812:
263:, games typically called "pool" today are descended from two English games imported to the United States during the 19th century. The first was
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1923:
1901:
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nine-ball matches over a period of several days. The
Mosconi Cup games are played under the more stringent European rules, as of 2007.
135:
is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as
431:
during the mid-nineteenth century. The name "rotation" came from how the balls were placed around the table in its unracked offshoot
279:
to increase scoring opportunities. It was the most popular billiards game in the mid-19th century until dethroned by the carom game
1008:
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338:. Modern pool tables generally range in size from 3.5 by 7 feet (1.07 by 2.13 m), to 4.5 by 9 feet (1.37 by 2.74 m).
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is properly regarded as a separate game in its own right). Pool halls in North
America are increasingly settling upon the
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128:. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".
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Varner, Nick (February 2008). "Killing Me Softly? The
Outbreak of the Soft Break Threatens the Game of 9-ball".
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due to the large number of them on the table. Of the other pyramid traditions of
Continental Europe, only
147:, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and
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2000:
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650:. Played on pool or snooker tables, players must complete a set number of shots of varying difficulty.
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A general rules booklet on pool games in general, including eight-ball, nine-ball and several others.
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911:
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players were the first to adopt balls with different colors. The stripes were the last addition.
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The etymologicon : a circular stroll through the hidden connections of the
English language
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game, meaning the player must indicate the intended object ball and pocket on every shot.
8:
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speculates that "pool" and other games with collective stakes is derived from the French
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1967:
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470:, which pits invitational European and U.S. teams against each other in one-on-one and
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391:, originally known as snooker's pool, can be considered a member of this family.
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1359:
The Sport of Pool
Billiards 1: Techniques and Training Based on PAT Part 1
1307:
The Sport of Pool
Billiards 1: Techniques and Training Based on PAT Part 1
1197:
1015:. British and World English. Oxford University Press. 2016. Archived from
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1408:
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International
Standardized Rules. But tavern eight-ball (also known as "
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1159:. Vol. 30, no. 3. Chicago: Luby Publishing. pp. 34–35.
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are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include:
1988:
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1636:
1536:
1508:
1133:. Vol. 30, no. 3. Chicago: Luby Publishing. pp. 4–35.
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306:(1910). New games introduced at the turn of the 20th century include
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As a competitive sport, pool is governed internationally by the
1805:
371:
These are games descended from the early 19th century games of
1443:
1366:
835:"pool | Etymology, origin and meaning of pool by etymonline"
219:
for most of the nineteenth through early twentieth century,
743:
546:
rack: Full rack of fifteen balls, ready for the break shot
466:
for men and women. A hotly contested event is the annual
772:. Normal English grammar would not hyphenate here, and
403:
One of many correct nine-ball racks: the 1 ball at the
37:"Pocket billiards" redirects here. For other uses, see
903:
2119:
are standardized by international sanctioning bodies.
1155:
Panozzo, Mike (February 2008). "Long Live the Cup!".
1150:
1148:
1074:"WPA Tournament Table & Equipment Specifications"
789:. Amityville, New York: U.S. Billiards, Inc. c. 1970.
744:"The Official Website for the Governing Body of Pool"
2061:
World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association
1179:
1124:
1122:
435:. 61 has spawned many variations of its own such as
30:"Pool (sports)" redirects here. For other uses, see
1096:
682:is a similar game played with different equipment.
629:Bank pool can be played with a full rack (can be a
496:, this game originated as a slight modification of
1217:
1145:
1042:
980:
271:, essentially the same game but with an extra red
1119:
653:
2128:
1279:The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards
230:Although skittle pool is played on a pocketless
1334:Byrne's New Standard Book of Pool and Billiards
642:Artistic pool is the competitive discipline of
2054:International Billiards and Snooker Federation
1099:Billiards: The Official Rules and Records Book
1036:
1034:
298:became popular. Both games were supplanted by
287:is a surviving member of this group of games.
1459:
1220:The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards
983:The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards
971:
969:
967:
965:
779:
242:, the common name for the sport has remained
1067:
754:(WPA). 2011. banner, copyright notice, etc.
611:One-pocket owes its origins to 18th century
573:, and for the last several decades ahead of
1244:Byrne's Standard Book of Pool and Billiards
1031:
201:(literally translated "hen"), in which the
1466:
1452:
962:
770:Women's Professional Billiards Association
458:The largest nine-ball tournaments are the
191:The etymology of "pool" is uncertain. The
1303:
1275:
870:(Berkley trade pbk. ed.). New York:
345:(WPA) official equipment specifications,
290:The second and more influential game was
205:is the collected prize, originating from
710:, which in turn represents all forms of
398:
325:
174:
60:
45:
2039:World Confederation of Billiards Sports
1154:
1090:
863:
708:World Confederation of Billiards Sports
14:
2129:
1397:
1355:
1212:
1128:
975:
799:
797:
1887:Artistic Billiards World Championship
1447:
1398:Leider, Nicholas (12 February 2010).
1327:
1238:
302:in 1888, the immediate forerunner of
223:referred specifically to the game of
1892:UMB World Three-cushion Championship
914:from the original on 11 January 2008
758:from the original on 11 October 2007
702:(CPB, Latin America and Caribbean),
700:Confederación Panamericana de Billar
794:
704:European Pocket Billiard Federation
685:
24:
1914:World Women's Snooker Championship
1269:
947:from the original on 22 April 2024
736:
25:
2153:
1946:WPA World Eight-ball Championship
845:from the original on 7 April 2023
815:from the original on 24 July 2021
674:. Cowboy pool is a descendant of
394:
187:in New York City, 1 January 1859.
72:is the name given to a series of
39:Pocket billiards (disambiguation)
2104:
1941:World Straight Pool Championship
1919:WPA World Nine-ball Championship
1635:
1304:Alciatore, David G. (May 2017).
1196:
1182:
1040:
774:the term is actually a Germanism
637:
551:
536:
481:
464:WPA World Nine-ball Championship
2049:World Pool-Billiard Association
1936:WPA World Ten-ball Championship
1085:World Pool-Billiard Association
752:World Pool-Billiard Association
724:International Olympic Committee
692:World Pool-Billiard Association
587:World Pool-Billiard Association
453:World Pool-Billiard Association
366:
343:World Pool-Billiard Association
1473:
1401:Pool and Billiards For Dummies
1313:. Union Square & Company.
1101:. Colorado Springs, Colorado:
1001:
926:
896:
857:
827:
654:Hybrid carom or obstacle games
460:US Open Nine-ball Championship
427:, started off as a variant of
13:
1:
1973:Cue sports at the World Games
1435:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1389:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1234:– via Internet Archive.
1175:
997:– via Internet Archive.
805:"History of Snooker and Pool"
600:
521:
361:
1356:Eckert, Ralph (8 May 2015).
1339:Harcourt Brace & Company
1276:Alciatore, David G. (2017).
1103:Billiard Congress of America
1097:BCA Rules Committee (2004).
696:Billiard Congress of America
618:
321:
269:American four-ball billiards
170:
153:American four-ball billiards
7:
2001:European Pool Championships
379:which required balls to be
294:. By 1850 a variant called
10:
2158:
1909:Six-red World Championship
1897:World Snooker Championship
1287:Union Square & Company
787:Game Rules for… Six-pocket
698:(BCA, Canada and the US),
622:
604:
525:
485:
254:
65:A player racking the balls
56:European Pool Championship
36:
29:
2100:
2069:
2044:Union Mondiale de Billard
2031:
1981:
1875:
1824:
1752:
1707:
1644:
1633:
1481:
1252:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
1224:. New York: Lyons Press.
987:. New York: Lyons Press.
936:Oxford English Dictionary
908:Oxford English Dictionary
583:eight-ball pool/blackball
194:Oxford English Dictionary
179:Historic print depicting
1867:Comparison of cue sports
1079:18 February 2011 at the
729:
32:Pool#Sports and gambling
958:(subscription required)
941:Oxford University Press
2115:The rules of games in
1013:OxfordDictionaries.com
864:Forsyth, Mark (2012).
809:Sky HISTORY TV channel
420:
331:
259:With the exception of
248:OxfordDictionaries.com
188:
66:
58:
2111:Cue sports portal
1041:Shamos, Mike (1994).
904:"entry for Pool, n.3"
750:. Sydney, Australia:
402:
329:
178:
64:
49:
1781:Danish pin billiards
955:– via OED.com.
672:Danish pin billiards
590:
510:
501:
471:
412:
404:
334:Pool is played on a
330:A pool table diagram
272:
85:
80:. The table has six
27:Family of cue sports
943:. September 2011 .
558:Correct set up for
1968:World Pool Masters
1688:Artistic billiards
1500:British eight-ball
1009:"pool, 2, noun, 2"
939:(Third ed.).
839:www.etymonline.com
421:
411:centered over the
332:
189:
67:
59:
50:Dutch pool player
2137:Pool (cue sports)
2124:
2123:
1958:World Cup of Pool
1763:English billiards
1739:Brazilian snooker
1112:978-1-878493-14-9
1049:. New York City:
933:"pool, n., 3.2".
881:978-0-425-26079-1
676:English billiards
437:American rotation
429:fifteen-ball pool
377:fifteen-ball pool
296:fifteen-ball pool
265:English billiards
165:English billiards
131:The generic term
16:(Redirected from
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2109:
2108:
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2032:Governing bodies
1811:Ground billiards
1734:American snooker
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1087:, November 2001.
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686:Governing bodies
648:carom equivalent
646:inspired by its
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475:
416:
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336:six pocket table
276:
240:pocket billiards
234:table, the term
207:jeu de la poule,
133:pocket billiards
89:
21:
18:Pool (billiards)
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1270:Further reading
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1081:Wayback Machine
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1019:on 24 July 2012
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385:Russian pyramid
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300:continuous pool
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232:carom billiards
185:billiard saloon
173:
149:carom billiards
141:Russian pyramid
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217:British Empire
181:Michael Phelan
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78:billiard table
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2092:Competitions
1982:Other events
1768:
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1729:Snooker plus
1721:
1714:
1686:
1679:
1667:
1660:
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1607:Pyramid pool
1577:Fifteen-ball
1529:
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1214:Shamos, Mike
1204:Games portal
1156:
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1021:. Retrieved
1017:the original
1012:
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977:Shamos, Mike
951:30 September
949:. Retrieved
935:
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916:. Retrieved
907:
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859:
847:. Retrieved
838:
829:
817:. Retrieved
808:
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760:. Retrieved
748:WPA-Pool.com
747:
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689:
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612:
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579:
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422:
373:pyramid pool
370:
367:Racked games
352:
340:
333:
292:pyramid pool
289:
258:
247:
243:
239:
235:
229:
220:
211:
206:
202:
198:
192:
190:
132:
130:
76:played on a
69:
68:
54:at the 2008
52:Niels Feijen
43:
1963:Mosconi Cup
1880:tournaments
1786:Bumper pool
1754:Other games
1662:One-cushion
1562:Cowboy pool
1547:Bottle pool
1409:For Dummies
918:15 February
714:(including
663:bottle pool
659:Cowboy pool
644:trick shots
513:call-pocket
468:Mosconi Cup
285:Cowboy pool
275:object ball
161:cowboy pool
157:bottle pool
2131:Categories
2077:Cue sports
2070:Categories
1837:Techniques
1627:Three-ball
1622:Speed pool
1617:Seven-ball
1602:One-pocket
1592:Kelly pool
1552:Bowlliards
1493:Eight-ball
1475:Cue sports
1176:References
762:4 November
712:cue sports
607:One-pocket
601:One-pocket
544:Eight-ball
528:Eight-ball
522:Eight-ball
449:Kelly pool
387:survives.
362:Game types
355:cue sticks
347:pool balls
312:eight-ball
308:Kelly pool
261:one-pocket
151:, such as
122:one-pocket
114:seven-ball
98:eight-ball
84:along the
74:cue sports
2142:Pub games
2006:U.S. Open
1989:Euro Tour
1951:champions
1929:champions
1902:champions
1857:Cue stick
1825:Resources
1791:Bagatelle
1744:Shoot Out
1699:Goriziana
1694:Four-ball
1681:Five-pins
1572:Cutthroat
1537:Bank pool
1509:Nine-ball
1431:cite book
1385:cite book
1165:0164-761X
1139:0164-761X
890:775418832
722:) in the
625:Bank pool
619:Bank pool
571:nine-ball
560:blackball
441:nine-ball
415:foot spot
322:Equipment
316:life pool
225:life pool
171:Etymology
126:bank pool
106:nine-ball
102:blackball
1832:Glossary
1796:Boccette
1669:Balkline
1612:Rotation
1587:Honolulu
1567:Cribbage
1542:Baseball
1523:Ten-ball
1331:(1998).
1242:(1978),
1216:(1999).
1077:Archived
979:(1999).
945:Archived
912:Archived
843:Archived
813:Archived
756:Archived
593:bar pool
462:and the
445:ten-ball
110:ten-ball
2117:italics
2082:Players
1924:Women's
1716:Snooker
1708:Snooker
1557:Chicago
1405:(ebook)
1363:(ebook)
1311:(ebook)
1283:(ebook)
1023:15 July
849:7 April
819:6 April
720:snooker
433:Chicago
389:Snooker
353:Modern
255:History
212:to pool
137:snooker
82:pockets
2021:9-Ball
2016:8-Ball
1994:events
1806:Novuss
1597:Killer
1419:
1373:
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1293:
1258:
1248:London
1228:
1163:
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1057:
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888:
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447:, and
381:racked
341:Under
246:. The
163:, and
143:, and
124:, and
1876:Major
1816:Slosh
1776:Kaisa
1485:games
1413:Wiley
1367:Litho
730:Notes
680:Kaisa
613:cramp
210:verb
203:poule
199:poule
145:kaisa
94:balls
88:rails
1862:Rack
1582:Golf
1483:Pool
1437:link
1417:ISBN
1391:link
1371:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1291:ISBN
1256:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1161:ISSN
1135:ISSN
1107:ISBN
1055:ISBN
1045:Pool
1025:2016
989:ISBN
953:2011
920:2018
886:OCLC
876:ISBN
851:2023
821:2022
764:2011
718:and
661:and
631:long
504:foul
407:apex
375:and
310:and
244:pool
236:pool
221:pool
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