810:
presented that this policy was a negation of the Church's traditional stance of tolerance toward
Judaism. On 5 July 1247, Pope Innocent wrote to the Bishops of France and of Germany to say that because both ecclesiastics and lay persons were lawlessly plundering the property of the Jews, and falsely stating that at Eastertime they sacrificed and ate the hearts of little children, the bishops should see to it that the Jews not be attacked or molested for these or other reasons. That same year 1247, in a letter of 2 August to Louis IX, the Pope reversed his stance on the Talmud, ordering that the Talmud should be censored rather than burned. Despite opposition from figures such as
7269:
682:
833:
289:
798:
France, England, Aragon, Navarre, Castile and León, and
Portugal. On 20 June 1239, there was another letter, addressed to the Bishop of Paris, the Prior of the Dominicans and the Minister of the Franciscans, calling for the burning of all copies of the Talmud, and any obstructionists were to be visited with ecclesiastical censures. On the same day, the Pope wrote to the King of Portugal ordering him to see to it that all copies of the Talmud be seized and turned over to the Dominicans or Franciscans. On account of these letters, King
777:
nonetheless of an organization that could own infrastructure. Such institutions, as "fictive persons", could not be excommunicated or considered guilty of delict, that is, negligence to action that is not contractually required. This meant that punishment of individuals within an organization would reflect less on the organization itself than if the person running such an organization was said to own it rather than be a constituent of it, and hence the concept was meant to provide institutional stability.
894:
6007:
3911:
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593:
7281:
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880:
46:
508:
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Sicily. In both instances, Innocent continued Pope
Gregory IX's policy of opposition to the Hohenstaufen, supporting whatever opposing party could be found. This policy embroiled Italy in one conflict after another for the next three decades. Innocent IV himself, following the papal army which was seeking to destroy Frederick's son Manfred, died in Naples on 7 December 1254.
589:, composed of thirty-eight 'laws'. He advised civil authorities in Italy to treat heretics as criminals, and authorized torture as long as it was done "without killing them or breaking their arms or legs" to compel disclosures, "as thieves and robbers of material goods are made to accuse their accomplices and confess the crimes they have committed."
630:, the Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of All England, and the royal policy of having the income of a vacant bishopric or benefice delivered to the royal coffers, rather than handed over to a papal Administrator (usually a member of the Curia) or a Papal collector of revenue, or delivered directly to the Pope.
266:
made him a cardinal and appointed him governor of the Ancona in 1235. Fieschi was elected pope in 1243 and took the name
Innocent IV. He inherited an ongoing dispute over lands seized by the Holy Roman Emperor, and the following year he traveled to France to escape imperial plots against him in Rome.
576:
until it was safe for him to bring the papal court back to Rome. He finally saw Rome again in the first week of
October, 1253. He left Rome on 27 April 1254, for Assisi and then Anagni. He immediately dealt with the succession to the possessions of Frederick II, both as German Emperor and as King of
451:
His jest notwithstanding, Frederick's letter to the new pontiff was respectful, offering congratulations to the new Pope and wishing him success. It also expressed hope for an amicable settlement of the differences between the empire and the papacy. Negotiations began shortly afterwards but were not
444:
finally reached a unanimous decision. The choice fell upon
Cardinal Sinibaldo de' Fieschi, who very reluctantly accepted election as Pope on 25 June 1243, taking the name of Innocent IV. As a cardinal, Sinibaldo had been on friendly terms with Frederick, even after the latter's excommunication. The
776:
as it was originally written, which has led to the idea of corporate personhood. At the time, this allowed monasteries, universities and other bodies to act as a single legal entity, facilitating continuity in their corporate existence. Monks and friars pledged individually to poverty could be part
633:
In the case of the
Mongols, too, Innocent maintained that he, as Vicar of Christ, could make non-Christians accept his dominion and even exact punishment should they violate the non-God centred commands of the Ten Commandments. This policy was held more in theory than in practice and was eventually
533:
attended, along with about 150 bishops, most of them prelates from France and Spain. They came quickly, and
Innocent could rely on their help. Bishops from the rest of Europe outside Spain and France feared retribution from Frederick, while many other bishops were prevented from attending either by
567:
The council's acts inflamed the political conflict across Europe. The tension subsided only with
Frederick's death in December 1250: this removed the threat to Innocent's life and allowed his return to Italy. He departed Lyon on 19 April 1251 and arrived in Genoa on 18 May. On 1 July, he was in
828:
In April 1250 (5 Iyar), Innocent IV ordered the Bishop of Córdoba to take action against the Jews who were building a synagogue whose height was not acceptable to the local clergy. Documents from the reign of Pope
Innocent IV recorded resentment toward a prominent new congregational synagogue:
797:
in the possession of the Jews. Agents were to raid each synagogue on the first Saturday of Lent 1240, and seize the books, placing them in the custody of the Dominicans or the Franciscans. The Bishop of Paris was ordered to see to it that copies of the Pope's mandate reached all the bishops of
809:
Initially, Innocent IV continued Gregory IX's policy. In a letter of 9 May 1244, he wrote to King Louis IX, ordering the Talmud and any books with Talmudic glosses to be examined by the Regent Doctors of the University of Paris, and if condemned by them, to be burned. However, an argument was
559:, who renewed in his master's name all the promises made before, but refused to give the guarantees the pope demanded. The council ended on 17 July with the fathers solemnly deposing and excommunicating the Emperor, while absolving all his subjects from their allegiance.
424:. The Pope had called a general council to seek the deposing of the emperor with the support of Europe's Church leaders. However, hoping to intimidate the Curia, Frederick had seized two cardinals traveling to the council. Being incarcerated, the two missed the
696:
was neglected. Taxation increased in proportion to the discontent of the inhabitants. On the other hand, the spiritual condition of the Church raised concerns. Innocent attempted to give attention to the latter through a number of interventions.
1054:
Manfred had not lost his nerve, and organized resistance to papal aggression. Supported by his faithful Saracen troops, he began using military force to make rebellious barons and towns submit to his authority as Regent for his nephew.
1941:
il F(ieschi). già nella notte tra il 2 e il 3 dicembre con una ritirata precipitosa (tutte le salmerie furono abbandonate a Troia) ripiegò su Ariano, dove le sue truppe si dispersero. La legazione si risolse così in una catastrofica
1038:
for southern Italy. Innocent could therefore enjoy a moment in which he was the acknowledged sovereign, in theory at least, of most of the peninsula. Innocent overplayed his hand, however, by accepting the fealty of the city of
841:
The Jews of Cordoba are rashly presuming to build a new synagogue of unnecessary height thereby scandalizing faithful Christians, wherefore ... we command ... to enforce the authority of your office against the Jews in this
609:
As Innocent III had before him, Innocent IV saw himself as the Vicar of Christ, whose power was above earthly kings. Innocent, therefore, had no objection to intervening in purely secular matters. He appointed
463:
The Emperor's machinations aroused a good deal of anti-papal feelings in Italy, particularly in the Papal States, and imperial agents encouraged plots against papal rule. Realizing to be increasingly unsafe in
491:
Innocent was now safe and out of the reach of Frederick II. In a sermon on 27 December 1244, he summoned as many bishops as could get to Lyon (140 bishops eventually came) to attend what became the
398:, elected on 25 October 1241, whose reign lasted only fifteen days. The events of Innocent IV's pontificate are therefore inextricably linked to the policies dominating the reigns of popes
1034:, had been entrusted to Papal tutelage by King Conrad's testament. Manfred submitted, although probably only to gain time and counter the menace from Edmund, and accepted the title of
4683:
4520:
328:, for a time, at Bologna. The fact is disputed, though, as others pointed out, there is no documentary evidence of his teaching position. From 1216 to 1227 he was a canon of the
7057:
572:. He stayed there until mid-September, when he began an inspection tour of Lombardy, heading for Bologna. On 5 November he reached Perugia. From 1251–53 the Pope stayed at
1083:, the Pope's nephew. The tidings are said to have precipitated Pope Innocent's death on 7 December 1254 in Naples. From triumph to disaster had taken only a few months.
495:
of the Church, the first to be held in Lyon. The bishops met for three public sessions: 28 June, 5 July, and 17 July 1245. Their principal purpose was to win over the
646:
sought his consent for the suppression of the Prussian rebellion and for their struggle against the Lithuanians. In response the Pope issued on 23 September 1243 the
6946:
4275:
999:, the natural son of Frederick II, whom the towns and the nobility had for the most part received as his father's successor. Innocent aimed to incorporate the whole
1867:
6043:
5690:
745:
In August 1253, after much worry about the order's insistence on absolute poverty, Innocent finally approved the rule of the Second Order of the Franciscans, the
7253:
7248:
4305:
1932:
5610:
1026:, but the latter died a few days after the investiture of Edmund. Innocent spent the spring of 1254 in Assisi and then, at the beginning of June, moved to
4708:
6597:
6077:
3859:
452:
successful. Innocent refused to back down from his demands and Frederick refused to acquiesce. The dispute continued mostly about the restitution of
7351:
6972:
5175:
387:
in 1235, but later sources disputed this claim. There is no attestation of this in any of the contemporary sources while there is evidence that the
814:, Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum and former Chancellor of the University of Paris, Innocent IV's policy was nonetheless continued by subsequent popes.
7047:
3961:
692:
The papal preoccupation with imperial matters and secular princes caused other matters to suffer. On the one hand, the internal governance of the
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1705:(New York : Behrman House 1979), 231–238. J.E. Rembaum, "The Talmud and the Popes: Reflections on the Talmud Trials of the 1240s,"
995:
Despite other concerns, the later years of Innocent's life were largely directed to political schemes for encompassing the overthrow of
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6311:
5883:
4912:
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1727:
960:
in 1247. The reply of Baichu was in accordance with that of Güyük, but it was accompanied by two Mongolian envoys to the Papal seat in
432:. The conclave reconvened after Celestine's death split into factions supporting contrasting policies about how to treat the Emperor.
5848:
5710:
4628:
1063:
Realizing that Manfred had no intention of submitting to the Papacy or to anyone else, Innocent and his papal army headed south from
448:
Following the election, the witty Frederick remarked that he had lost the friendship of a cardinal but gained the enmity of a pope.
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353:
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254:. He was considered in his own day and by posterity as a fine canonist. On the strength of this reputation, he was called to the
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2020:, Vol. 14: The popes at the Height of their Temporal Influence: Innocent IV, The Magnificent, 1243–1254. London: Keegan Paul.
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directly to the Papacy instead of to the Kingdom of Sicily on 23 October. Manfred immediately, on 26 October, fled from
976:”. In 1248 the envoys met with Innocent, who again issued an appeal to the Mongols to stop their killing of Christians.
356:(from 31 May to 23 September 1227), though he retained the office and the title for a time after he was named Cardinal.
7169:
6471:
6222:
5464:
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468:, Innocent IV secretly and hurriedly withdrew, fleeing Rome on 7 June 1244. Traveling in disguise, he made his way to
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1926:
1783:
569:
806:, which ultimately found the Talmud guilty of 35 alleged charges; 24 cartloads of copies of the Talmud were burned.
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5207:
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4548:
4333:
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1128:
520:
496:
421:
268:
54:
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5970:
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5212:
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3991:
3947:
2240:
2174:
667:. The bull was reissued by Innocent and his successors in October 1243, March 1256, August 1256 and August 1257.
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823:
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1091:
1064:
1027:
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The warlike tendencies of the Mongols also concerned the Pope, and in 1245, he issued bulls and sent a papal
45:
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730:
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4819:
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714:
529:
of 1245 had the fewest participants of any previous General Council. However, three patriarchs and the
488:, where he arrived on 29 November 1244, Innocent was greeted cordially by the magistrates of the city.
1067:
on 8 October, intending to confront Manfred's forces. On 27 October 1254 the Pope entered the city of
445:
Emperor greatly admired the cardinal's wisdom, having enjoyed discussions with him from time to time.
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6876:
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5926:
5597:
5547:
5237:
5192:
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1007:, but he lacked the necessary economic and political power. Therefore, after a failed agreement with
793:(1227–1241), had issued letters on 9 June 1239, ordering all the bishops of France to confiscate all
2081:
968:. In the letter, Guyuk demanded that the Pope appear in person at the Mongol imperial headquarters,
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6099:
6010:
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5839:
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5217:
5202:
5044:
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4755:
4673:
4497:
4474:
4425:
4098:
2144:
Der Kampf zwischen Papst Innocenz IV. und Kaiser Friedrich II, bis zur Flucht des Papstes nach Lyon
1837:
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5931:
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4937:
4917:
4785:
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4613:
4392:
4193:
4133:
2274:
718:
611:
2068:
Pavoni, Romeo (1997). "L'ascesa dei Fieschi tra Genova e Federico II," in D. Calcagno (editor),
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5297:
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4285:
4173:
3927:
2076:
1030:, where he awaited Manfred's reaction to the event, especially considering that Conrad's heir,
861:
980:
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6992:
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6690:
6547:
6454:
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6237:
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4738:
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1719:
1561:
1549: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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321:
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58:
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1450:
Antonelli, Valerio; Coronella, Stefano; Cordery, Carolyn; Verona, Roberto (November 2021).
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8:
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2951:
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1988:
984:
832:
681:
597:
317:
304:) in an unknown year, Sinibaldo was the son of Beatrice Grillo and Ugo Fieschi, Count of
288:
247:
2028:
Innocenzo IV: la concezione e l'esperienza della cristianità come regimen unius personae
1201:
Romeo Pavoni, "L'ascesa dei Fieschi tra Genova e Federico II," in D. Calcagno (editor),
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388:
384:
329:
51:
6851:
2061:
Paravicini-Bagliani, Agostino (2002b). "Innocent IV," in Philippe Levillain (editor),
1400:
Bullarum, Diplomatum, et Privilegiorum Sanctorum Romanorum Pontificum Taurensis editio
352:, from 11 November 1226 to 30 May 1227. He was then quickly promoted to the office of
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1779:
1754:
1471:
1417:
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Innocent IV would also send other missions to the Mongols in 1245, including that of
918:
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was Sancho's status as a minor upon inheriting the throne from his father Afonso II.
769:
754:
656:
651:
429:
395:
341:
259:
205:
184:
106:
2095:
Piergiovanni, W. (1967). "Sinibaldo dei Fieschi decretalista. Ricerche sulla vita,"
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1285:
I (Berlin 1874), no. 8039 (23 September 1227). As Vice-Chancellor he used the title
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5022:
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3633:
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3593:
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3497:
3447:
3377:
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3312:
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3211:
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3021:
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1974:
Ius imperii ad regnum. Königreich Sizilien, Imperium Romanum und Römisches Papsttum
1463:
1008:
934:
713:(died 1240), was declared a saint. In 1250 Innocent similarly proclaimed the pious
556:
4980:
1993:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus 1 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
1515:
480:, his birthplace, where he arrived on 7 July. On 5 October, he fled from there to
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3392:
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3242:
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3111:
3096:
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3056:
3006:
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2800:
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2705:
2690:
2685:
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2585:
2575:
2560:
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2540:
2404:
2349:
2253:
2184:
2023:
2007:
1936:
1698:
1691:
942:
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receiving a letter from Pope Innocent IV, and remitting it to the Mongol general
750:
722:
676:
377:
373:
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236:
70:
2000:
Kaiser Friedrich II und Papst Innocenz IV. Ihr Kampf in den Jahren 1244 und 1245
1264:
Capellani papae et Apostolicae Sedis Auditores causarum sacri palatii apostolici
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7242:
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2218:
1175:"1243-1254 – SS Innocentius IV – Bulla 'Ad_Extirpanda' [AD 1252-05-15]"
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425:
217:
37:
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on 2 December against the Papal forces, led by the new Papal Legate, Cardinal
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3136:
3071:
3031:
3011:
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2906:
2815:
2770:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2665:
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2504:
2484:
2439:
2399:
2384:
2364:
2306:
2264:
1793:
1550:
1494:
1475:
1227:
Agostino Paravicini-Bagliani, "Innocent IV," in Philippe Levillain (editor),
1123:
1099:
929:
ruler to become a Christian and stop his aggression against Europe. The Khan
926:
626:
against both nobles and bishops of England, despite the king's harassment of
585:
473:
276:
25:
2070:
I Fieschi tra Papato e Impero, Atti del convegno (Lavagna, 18 dicembre 1994)
1249:
V. Piergiovanni, "Sinibaldo dei Fieschi decretalista. Ricerche sulla vita,"
1203:
I Fieschi tra Papato e Impero, Atti del convegno (Lavagna, 18 dicembre 1994)
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6967:
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2765:
2700:
2620:
2545:
2459:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2374:
2193:
2080:
1004:
546:
in Russia, Peter, attended and provided information on the Mongols via the
403:
399:
333:
240:
96:
1289:. A successor appears in the records on 9 December 1227: Potthast, p. 939.
7037:
6866:
6841:
6816:
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6274:
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2740:
2735:
2605:
2429:
2379:
2334:
2128:
Papst Innocenz IV. Versuch einer Gesamptcharakteristik aus seiner Wirkung
1035:
972:, so that “we might cause him to hear every command that there is of the
957:
948:
In 1245 Innocent had sent another mission, through another route, led by
893:
887:
786:
746:
726:
706:
693:
685:
627:
539:
417:
345:
255:
785:
Possibly prompted by the persistence of heretical movements such as the
6821:
6406:
5650:
5645:
5469:
5396:
5012:
4932:
4563:
3762:
3437:
2956:
2941:
2755:
2730:
2565:
2469:
2389:
2339:
2281:
945:, demanding the submission of the Pope and the other rulers of Europe.
930:
902:
865:
790:
647:
581:
413:
407:
280:
authorizing torture against heretics, equated with ordinary criminals.
149:
1834:
International Conference on the Dialogue of Civilizations 31 July 2001
1575:
John Dewey, “The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality,”
5755:
5750:
5720:
5416:
5179:
5163:
5148:
4992:
4882:
4760:
4750:
4618:
4397:
2499:
1516:"Women and Liturgical Reform: The Case of Queen Margaret of Scotland"
1098:, Cardinal Deacon of S. Andriano. Ottobuono was subsequently elected
1023:
969:
325:
1499:
Butler, Alban. “Saint Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, Confessor”.
1452:"Fraud and incompetence: Accounting in the Papal States (1831–1859)"
1022:
In the same year, Innocent excommunicated Frederick II's other son,
7280:
6635:
6389:
6377:
5995:
5903:
5730:
4829:
4198:
2301:
1902:
Historia diplomatica Regni Siciliae inde ab anno 1250 ad annum 1266
1031:
879:
453:
301:
180:
3939:
1778:. Vol. 18. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University. pp. 31–41.
592:
507:
6892:
6506:
6128:
5700:
4538:
4412:
4355:
1493:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1094:. In December 1251 Innocent IV himself appointed another nephew,
768:
Innocent IV is often credited with helping to create the idea of
664:
660:
619:
573:
535:
313:
309:
305:
856:
Innocent IV was responsible for the eventual deposition of King
440:
After a year and a half of contentious debate and coercion, the
7058:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
6501:
6411:
6316:
5853:
5158:
5143:
5087:
5054:
2169:
2107:
L'attività politica di Innocenzo IV e I Francescani (1243–1254)
1751:
The Golden Age: Synagogues of Spain in History and Architecture
1449:
1076:
1068:
1048:
1040:
953:
910:
794:
481:
201:
2035:
Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinalizie. Dal 1227 al 1254
952:, also bearing letters. The mission met with the Mongol ruler
383:
Sources from the 17th century onwards reported that he became
5951:
5119:
5083:
2058:(ed. Mario Simonetti et al.) I (Roma 2000), pp. 384–393.
1044:
973:
596:
Innocent IV (1243–1254) was probably the first pope who used
477:
469:
391:
was occupied by a certain Bishop Simon from 1230 until 1255.
297:
246:
Fieschi was born in Genoa and studied at the universities of
176:
555:
During the session, Frederick II's position was defended by
5124:
4843:
2249:
2200:
1047:, where he had established his headquarters, and headed to
961:
485:
465:
316:. Sinibaldo received his education at the universities of
6947:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
2012:. Vol. V, part 1 (second ed.). London: G. Bell.
864:). One of the arguments he used against Sancho II in the
580:
While in Perugia, on 15 May 1252, Innocent IV issued the
2121:
La documentation pontificia de Innocencio IV (1243–1254)
642:
Shortly after Innocent IV's election to the papacy, the
511:
14th century miniature depicting the excommunication of
340:, a commentary on papal decrees. He was called to serve
1830:"Studying the History of Intercivilizational Dialogues"
2054:
Paravicini-Bagliani, Agostino (2000). "Innocenzo IV,"
1086:
Shortly after Innocent's election as pope, his nephew
1071:. It was there, on a sick bed, that Innocent heard of
614:
administrator of Portugal, and lent his protection to
538:(Tartars) in the Far East or Muslim incursions in the
376:(1227–1241). He later served as papal governor of the
6978:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
348:
where he rapidly rose through the hierarchy. He was
484:, where he was joyously welcomed. Making his way to
2063:
The Papacy: An Encyclopedia Volume 2: Gaius-Proxies
1692:
Rabbi Yair Hoffman, "The Pope who saved the Talmud"
1501:
Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Principal Saints
1389:
Tomus 23 (Venice 1779), pp. 613–619 (17 July 1245).
568:Milan, accompanied by only three cardinals and the
267:He returned to Rome in 1250 after the death of the
6051:
1565:. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
416:had demanded the return of lands belonging to the
2091:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). pp. 579–580.
1917:I (Napoli: Raffaele di Stefano 1837), pp. 49–101.
1742:
1411:
1387:Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio
1374:Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio
1216:De claris Archigymnasii Bononiensis professoribus
860:at the request of his brother Afonso (later King
7298:
7048:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
2248:
851:
364:While vice-Chancellor, Fieschi was soon created
2018:The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages
1753:. Israel: Urim Publications. pp. 149–161.
1402:Tomus III (Turin 1858), pp. 552–558, no. XXVII.
760:
2009:History of the city of Rome in the Middle Ages
1774:Cohen-Mushlin, Aliza, ed. (1992). "Sepharad".
824:Córdoba Synagogue § Building Restrictions
6037:
3955:
2234:
2051:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2000) .
1915:Storia di Manfredi, re di Sicilia e di Puglia
1850:
1773:
1629:La controverse sur le Talmud sous saint Louis
1503:, 1866. CatholicSaints.Info. 18 November 2013
1105:Upon his death, Innocent IV was succeeded by
604:
16:Head of the Catholic Church from 1243 to 1254
1823:
1821:
1438:The Popes and the Baltic Crusades: 1147–1254
874:
2005:
1853:"Some Reflections on Chinggis Qan's Jasagh"
1280:
1218:Tomus I pars I (Bologna 1769), pp. 344–348.
1156:Eubel, p. 7. Butler, Alban and Paul Burns,
1134:The clash between the Church and the Empire
780:
7063:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
7013:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
6044:
6030:
5884:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
3962:
3948:
2241:
2227:
1554:
1416:(3 édition ed.). Picard. p. 49.
1172:
817:
274:On May 15, 1252, he promulgated the bull
44:
2164:Pope Innocent IV on Catholic Encyclopedia
1818:
1703:Church, State, and Jew in the Middle Ages
1680:Sancti Thomae Summa suo auctori vindicata
1328:I editio altera (Monasterii 1913), p. 81.
435:
7352:Christians of the Second Swedish Crusade
2075:
1767:
1302:I editio altera (Monasterii 1913), p. 6.
892:
878:
831:
729:heretics in 1252, was canonized, as was
680:
591:
506:
502:
354:Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
292:Square in Manarola named for Innocent IV
287:
243:from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254.
120:Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina
2133:
2065:(NY: Routledge 2002), pp. 790–793.
1928:Biography of Cardinal Guglielmo Fieschi
1748:
1682:(Paris 1708), pp. 592–600. Loeb, p. 60.
1513:
933:replied in 1246 in a letter written in
921:) to the "Emperor of the Tartars". The
846:
338:Apparatus in quinque libros decretalium
7299:
4343:
2047:Paravicini-Bagliani, Agostino (1994).
2040:Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino (1995).
2033:Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino (1972),
1730:from the original on 10 September 2019
6025:
3943:
2222:
1986:
1967:Sinibaldo Fieschi, vescovo di Albenga
1827:
1720:"This Month in Jewish History – Iyar"
1579:, Vol. XXXV, April 1926, pp. 655–673.
394:Innocent's immediate predecessor was
1376:Tomus 23 (Venice 1779), pp. 606–686.
1168:
1166:
1019:, with that kingdom on 14 May 1254.
983:and the possibly aborted mission of
637:
332:. He was considered one of the best
6917:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
3969:
2149:Wolter, L. and H. Holstein (1966),
1262:Pavoni, p. 6. Emmanuele Cerchiari,
836:The courtyard of Córdoba Synagogue.
380:, from 17 October 1235 until 1240.
13:
7347:Christians of the Prussian Crusade
6472:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1873:from the original on 2 August 2019
1315:Volume I (Berlin 1874), no. 10032.
670:
14:
7378:
2157:
2042:La cour des papes au XIIIe siècle
1618:I (Berlin 1874), no. 10767–10768.
1559:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1163:
1058:
990:
740:
570:Latin Patriarch of Constantinople
493:13th General (Ecumenical) Council
7279:
7267:
6598:Fourth Council of Constantinople
6553:Second Council of Constantinople
6006:
6005:
5994:
5962:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
5510:Criticism of the Catholic Church
3921:
3910:
3909:
2168:
1544:
1488:
1275:Pavoni, p. 6. Cerchiari, p. 10.
1160:, (Liturgical Press, 2000), 131.
1129:Cardinals created by Innocent IV
1015:, the nine-year-old son of King
721:, a saint. The Dominican priest
700:
622:. The Pope even sided with King
521:Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem
312:were a noble merchant family of
6568:Third Council of Constantinople
6492:First Council of Constantinople
4129:First seven ecumenical councils
2006:Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1906).
1959:
1947:
1920:
1907:
1894:
1885:
1844:
1809:
1800:
1712:
1685:
1669:
1660:
1647:
1634:
1621:
1608:
1595:
1582:
1569:
1538:
1507:
1482:
1443:
1430:
1405:
1392:
1379:
1366:
1353:
1340:
1337:Paravicini Bagliani, pp. 64–65.
1331:
1326:Hierarchia catholica medii aevi
1318:
1305:
1300:Hierarchia catholica medii aevi
1292:
941:that is still preserved in the
531:Latin emperor of Constantinople
6807:Dissolution of the monasteries
6073:History of the Catholic Church
4704:Separation of church and state
2082:"Innocent § Innocent IV"
2072:(Lavagna 1997), pp. 3–44.
1440:, Brill, Leiden, 2007, p. 225.
1269:
1256:
1243:
1234:
1221:
1208:
1195:
1150:
1065:his summer residence at Anagni
1051:to rejoin his Saracen troops.
1:
6681:Fourth Council of the Lateran
6656:Second Council of the Lateran
6265:Apostles in the New Testament
2126:Puttkamer, Gerda von (1930).
1987:Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913).
1436:Cf. Iben Fonnesberg-Schmidt,
1266:Volumen II (Roma 1920), p. 9.
1139:
852:Relations with the Portuguese
562:
420:which had been seized by the
283:
225:
168:
7337:University of Bologna alumni
6795:Catholic Counter-Reformation
6661:Third Council of the Lateran
6651:First Council of the Lateran
6107:Catholic ecumenical councils
2119:Prieto, A. Quintana (1987).
2112:Podestà, Ferdinando (1928).
1981:Les registres d' Innocent IV
1976:... (Köln-Weimar-Wien 1993).
1851:de Rachewiltz, Igor (1993).
1655:Regesta pontificum Romanorum
1642:Regesta pontificum Romanorum
1616:Regesta pontificum Romanorum
1603:Regesta pontificum Romanorum
1590:Regesta pontificum Romanorum
1361:Regesta pontificum Romanorum
1348:Regesta pontificum Romanorum
1313:Regesta pontificum Romanorum
1282:Regesta pontificum Romanorum
1231:Volume 2 (NY 2002), pp. 790.
1158:Butler's lives of the Saints
1144:
915:Giovanni da Pian del Carpine
634:repudiated centuries later.
549:Tractatus de ortu Tartarorum
50:Innocent IV excommunicating
7:
1657:I (Berlin 1874), no. 12596.
1644:I (Berlin 1874), no. 11376.
1605:I (Berlin 1874), no. 10760.
1592:I (Berlin 1874), no. 10759.
1229:The Papacy: An Encyclopedia
1112:
359:
300:(although some sources say
10:
7383:
7332:University of Parma alumni
6141:History of the Roman Curia
6001:Catholic Church portal
2146:(Berlin: E. Ebering 1900).
1412:Michel Pastoureau (1997).
1092:Latin Patriarch of Antioch
1024:Conrad IV, King of Germany
821:
717:(died 1093), wife of King
674:
605:Ruler of princes and kings
518:
336:of his time, He wrote the
7262:
7162:
7028:
6955:
6890:
6877:European wars of religion
6774:
6709:
6611:
6533:
6424:
6347:
6207:
6196:
6188:Eastern Catholic Churches
6063:
5989:
5927:Aid to the Church in Need
5917:
5774:
5587:
5548:Vatican Television Center
5523:
5433:
5323:
5193:Eastern Catholic Churches
5174:
5063:
4956:
4903:
4828:
4799:
4724:
4649:
4584:
4529:
4448:
4318:
4232:
4164:
4109:
4028:
4005:
3977:
3905:
3832:
3772:
3711:
3702:
3516:
3230:
2829:
2533:
2327:
2260:
2207:
2198:
2190:
2183:
2134:Rendina, Claudio (1983).
1983:4 vols (Paris 1884–1921).
1514:Nichols, Bridget (2008).
1468:10.1177/10323732211003685
1385:Ioannes Dominicus Mansi,
1372:Ioannes Dominicus Mansi,
1363:II (Berlin 1875), p. 969.
1350:II (Berlin 1875), p. 943.
1205:(Lavagna 1997), pp. 3–44.
1182:Documenta Catholica Omnia
875:Contacts with the Mongols
618:, the son of the King of
231:– 7 December 1254), born
191:
160:
155:
142:
134:
129:
112:
102:
92:
84:
76:
66:
43:
36:
23:
7008:Mary of the Divine Heart
6631:Clash against the empire
6583:Second Council of Nicaea
6477:Old St. Peter's Basilica
5869:Communion and Liberation
5333:Eastern Catholic liturgy
4498:Mystici Corporis Christi
4426:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
2136:I papi. Storia e segreti
2044:(Paris: Hachette, 1995).
2037:, Padua 1972. 2 volumes.
2030:, Genoa: Marietti, 1990.
2016:Mann, Horace K. (1928).
1398:A. Tomassetti (editor),
804:a trial in Paris in 1240
781:Compromise on the Talmud
731:Stanislaus of Szczepanów
711:Archbishop of Canterbury
472:and then to the port of
372:on 18 September 1227 by
7274:Vatican City portal
6626:Investiture Controversy
6482:First Council of Nicaea
4684:Philosophy of canon law
4614:Mariology of the saints
4194:Investiture Controversy
3723:During the Roman Empire
2138:. Rome: Newton Compton.
2088:Encyclopædia Britannica
2077:Phillips, Walter Alison
1979:Berger, Elie (editor),
1900:Bartholomaeus Capasso,
1836:. Tokyo. Archived from
1806:H. Fernandes, 2006, 82.
1697:22 October 2014 at the
1555:O'Hara, Edwin (1911). "
818:Relations with the Jews
719:Malcolm III of Scotland
7286:Catholicism portal
7097:Second Vatican Council
6983:Our Lady of La Salette
6790:Protestant Reformation
6777:Protestant Reformation
6696:Second Council of Lyon
6085:Ecclesiastical history
5937:Catholic Charities USA
5571:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
5559:Vatican Polyglot Press
4609:Mariology of the popes
4247:Protestant Reformation
3928:Catholic Church Portal
3788:Conflicts with the HRE
2185:Catholic Church titles
2123:(Rome 1987) 2 volumes.
1965:Accame, Paolo (1923).
1904:(Neapoli 1874), p. 82.
1749:Ben-Dov, Meir (2009).
1281:
906:
890:
862:Afonso III of Portugal
844:
837:
689:
601:
516:
436:New pope, same emperor
428:which quickly elected
293:
221:
6993:First Vatican Council
6691:First Council of Lyon
6455:Constantine the Great
6151:Christian monasticism
5691:Good Shepherd Sisters
5533:Holy See Press Office
4771:Doctors of the Church
4604:Immaculate Conception
4559:Anointing of the Sick
4094:History of the papacy
3704:History of the papacy
2099:14 (1967), 126–154 .
2056:Enciclopedia dei Papi
1998:Folz, August (1905).
1562:Catholic Encyclopedia
1109:(Rinaldo de' Conti).
896:
882:
858:Sancho II of Portugal
839:
835:
749:nuns, founded by St.
684:
595:
534:the invasions of the
527:First Council of Lyon
510:
503:First Council of Lyon
458:Patrimony of St Peter
370:San Lorenzo in Lucina
291:
7170:Sexual abuse scandal
7079:Mit brennender Sorge
6922:Age of Enlightenment
6701:Bernard of Clairvaux
6578:Byzantine Iconoclasm
6517:Council of Chalcedon
6297:Council of Jerusalem
6166:Role in civilization
6146:Religious institutes
6078:By country or region
5564:L'Osservatore Romano
5502:Role in civilisation
5228:Croatian and Serbian
4976:Episcopal conference
4938:St. Peter's Basilica
4296:Sexual abuse scandal
4252:Catholic Reformation
3866:Revolutionary Papacy
3860:Age of Enlightenment
2177:at Wikimedia Commons
2142:Weber, Hans (1900).
1990:Hierarchia catholica
1935:5 March 2016 at the
1913:Giuseppe di Cesare,
1324:Cf. Conradus Eubel,
1017:Henry III of England
950:Ascelin of Lombardia
884:Ascelin of Lombardia
847:Diplomatic relations
735:Archbishop of Cracow
513:Emperor Frederick II
497:Emperor Frederick II
476:, and from there to
422:Emperor Frederick II
324:and may have taught
269:Emperor Frederick II
6998:Papal infallibility
6988:Our Lady of Lourdes
6937:Shimabara Rebellion
6781:Counter-Reformation
5899:Neocatechumenal Way
5864:Charismatic Renewal
5578:Annuario Pontificio
5176:Particular churches
4852:Ecumenical councils
4624:Perpetual virginity
4459:Communitas perfecta
4403:Sermon on the Mount
3713:Antiquity and Early
3517:17th–21st centuries
3231:13th–16th centuries
2105:Pisanu, L. (1969).
1972:Baaken, G. (1993).
1953:Eubel I, pp. 7, 48.
1709:13 (1982), 203–223.
1653:Augustus Potthast,
1640:Augustus Potthast,
1631:(Paris: Baer 1881).
1614:Augustus Potthast,
1601:Augustus Potthast,
1588:Augustus Potthast,
1414:Traité d'Héraldique
1359:Augustus Potthast,
1346:Augustus Potthast,
1311:Augustus Potthast,
1253:14 (1967), 125–154.
1090:had been appointed
985:Laurent de Portugal
981:André de Longjumeau
905:to Pope Innocent IV
869:Grandi non immerito
789:, an earlier pope,
515:by Pope Innocent IV
7362:13th-century popes
7342:Bishops of Albenga
7043:Our Lady of Fátima
6832:Ignatius of Loyola
6756:Catherine of Siena
6724:Pope Boniface VIII
6543:Benedict of Nursia
6512:Council of Ephesus
6349:Ante-Nicene period
6302:Split with Judaism
6136:Crusading movement
5736:Premonstratensians
4119:Ante-Nicene period
3997:Lists of Catholics
3848:Reformation Papacy
3842:Renaissance Papacy
3784:(1012–1044 / 1048)
3737:Ostrogothic Papacy
2830:9th–12th centuries
2002:(Strassburg 1905).
1891:Potthast, p. 1268.
1860:East Asian History
1840:on 9 January 2005.
1828:Wilkinson, David.
1456:Accounting History
1214:Maurus Fattorini,
907:
891:
838:
812:Odo of Châteauroux
800:Louis IX of France
690:
602:
544:bishop of Belgorod
517:
330:Cathedral of Parma
294:
235:, was head of the
7322:Clergy from Genoa
7294:
7293:
7254:COVID-19 pandemic
7232:Pope Benedict XVI
7137:Pope John Paul II
6912:Pope Benedict XIV
6898:French Revolution
6882:Thirty Years' War
6872:Robert Bellarmine
6857:John of the Cross
6761:Pope Alexander VI
6746:Council of Vienne
6676:Francis of Assisi
6666:Pope Innocent III
6535:Early Middle Ages
6529:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6467:Arian controversy
6420:
6419:
6368:Apostolic Fathers
6019:
6018:
5429:
5428:
4822:
4645:
4644:
4337:
4314:
4313:
4306:COVID-19 pandemic
4276:French Revolution
4266:Thirty Years' War
4174:Islamic conquests
4087:Apostolic fathers
4022:
3937:
3936:
3901:
3900:
3793:Wandering Papacy
3756:Saeculum obscurum
3729:Under Constantine
2534:5th–8th centuries
2328:1st–4th centuries
2312:papal resignation
2217:
2216:
2208:Succeeded by
2173:Media related to
2151:Lyon I et Lyon II
1815:Roux, pp. 312–313
1701:. Robert Chazan,
1423:978-2-7084-0520-2
1277:Augustus Potthast
1107:Pope Alexander IV
1081:Guglielmo Fieschi
1073:Manfred's victory
1013:Edmund Crouchback
1001:Kingdom of Sicily
997:Manfred of Sicily
919:Benedict the Pole
913:in the person of
770:legal personality
652:Qui iustis causis
638:Northern Crusades
396:Pope Celestine IV
385:Bishop of Albenga
342:Pope Honorius III
260:Pope Honorius III
239:and ruler of the
233:Sinibaldo Fieschi
211:
210:
206:Kingdom of Sicily
199:(aged 58–59)
185:Republic of Genoa
165:Sinibaldo Fieschi
146:18 September 1227
7374:
7307:Pope Innocent IV
7284:
7283:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7249:Patriarch Kirill
7122:Pope John Paul I
6927:Anti-clericalism
6907:Pope Innocent XI
6827:Society of Jesus
6812:Council of Trent
6766:Age of Discovery
6711:Late Middle Ages
6613:High Middle Ages
6603:East–West Schism
6487:Pope Sylvester I
6433:
6432:
6422:
6421:
6332:General epistles
6327:Pauline epistles
6260:John the Baptist
6243:Great Commission
6205:
6204:
6156:Catholic culture
6046:
6039:
6032:
6023:
6022:
6009:
6008:
5999:
5998:
5741:Redemptoristines
5589:Religious orders
5515:Anti-Catholicism
5465:Church buildings
5325:Catholic liturgy
5065:Consecrated life
4923:Apostolic Palace
4890:Synod of Bishops
4826:
4825:
4802:
4408:Ten Commandments
4341:
4340:
4323:
4224:Age of Discovery
4058:Great Commission
4026:
4025:
4010:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3941:
3940:
3925:
3913:
3912:
3833:Early Modern and
3743:Byzantine Papacy
3709:
3708:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2191:Preceded by
2181:
2180:
2172:
2139:
2102:
2092:
2084:
2024:Melloni, Alberto
2013:
1994:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1872:
1857:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1825:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1760:978-965-524-0160
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1716:
1710:
1689:
1683:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1651:
1645:
1638:
1632:
1625:
1619:
1612:
1606:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1577:Yale Law Journal
1573:
1567:
1566:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1520:Priscilla Papers
1511:
1505:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1447:
1441:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1409:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1357:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1298:Conradus Eubel,
1296:
1290:
1284:
1273:
1267:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1225:
1219:
1212:
1206:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1173:Innocentius IV.
1170:
1161:
1154:
1009:Charles of Anjou
966:Aïbeg and Serkis
917:(accompanied by
753:, the friend of
737:, both in 1253.
557:Taddeo of Suessa
350:Auditor causarum
230:
227:
214:Pope Innocent IV
198:
173:
170:
156:Personal details
143:Created cardinal
113:Previous post(s)
48:
21:
20:
7382:
7381:
7377:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7372:
7371:
7297:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7278:
7268:
7266:
7258:
7180:World Youth Day
7158:
7147:World Youth Day
7091:Pacem in terris
7085:Pope John XXIII
7024:
6951:
6942:Edict of Nantes
6900:
6896:
6886:
6852:Teresa of Ávila
6847:Tridentine Mass
6783:
6779:
6770:
6751:Knights Templar
6705:
6607:
6563:Gregorian chant
6521:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6428:
6416:
6343:
6212:
6200:
6192:
6059:
6057:Catholic Church
6050:
6020:
6015:
5993:
5985:
5964:
5947:Relief Services
5913:
5859:Catholic Action
5849:Military orders
5786:Confraternities
5778:of the faithful
5777:
5770:
5592:
5583:
5519:
5425:
5319:
5178:
5170:
5103:Prior, Prioress
5059:
4952:
4948:Vatican Museums
4899:
4832:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4720:
4674:Social teaching
4641:
4580:
4525:
4480:One true church
4444:
4421:Sixtine Vulgate
4417:Official Bible
4331:
4327:
4322:
4310:
4228:
4160:
4105:
4075:Petrine primacy
4018:
4014:
4009:
4001:
3973:
3971:Catholic Church
3968:
3938:
3933:
3897:
3880:(1929–present)
3834:
3828:
3782:Tusculan Papacy
3774:
3768:
3749:Frankish Papacy
3714:
3698:
3512:
3226:
2825:
2529:
2323:
2256:
2254:Catholic Church
2247:
2213:
2204:
2196:
2160:
2130:(Münster 1930).
2100:
2097:Studia Gratiana
2049:The Pope's Body
1969:(Albenga 1923).
1962:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1937:Wayback Machine
1925:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1786:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1699:Wayback Machine
1690:
1686:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1652:
1648:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1622:
1613:
1609:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1545:
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1539:
1529:
1527:
1512:
1508:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1306:
1297:
1293:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1251:Studia Gratiana
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1222:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1115:
1061:
993:
943:Vatican Library
877:
854:
849:
826:
820:
783:
766:
761:The concept of
751:Clare of Assisi
743:
723:Peter of Verona
703:
679:
677:Vicar of Christ
673:
671:Vicar of Christ
655:, authorizing
640:
607:
565:
523:
505:
438:
378:March of Ancona
374:Pope Gregory IX
366:Cardinal-Priest
362:
286:
264:Pope Gregory IX
237:Catholic Church
228:
200:
196:
195:7 December 1254
187:
174:
171:
167:
166:
147:
125:
88:7 December 1254
71:Catholic Church
62:
59:Council of Lyon
32:
29:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7380:
7370:
7369:
7367:Fieschi family
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7288:
7276:
7263:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7177:
7172:
7166:
7164:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7087:
7082:
7075:
7070:
7068:Lateran Treaty
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7034:
7032:
7026:
7025:
7023:
7022:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6959:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6903:
6901:
6893:Baroque period
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6862:Peter Canisius
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6837:Francis Xavier
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6801:Exsurge Domine
6797:
6792:
6786:
6784:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6741:Pope Clement V
6738:
6737:
6736:
6734:Avignon Papacy
6729:Western Schism
6726:
6721:
6719:Thomas Aquinas
6715:
6713:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6617:
6615:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6573:Saint Boniface
6570:
6565:
6560:
6558:Pope Gregory I
6555:
6550:
6545:
6539:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6497:Biblical canon
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6451:
6449:
6430:
6426:Late antiquity
6418:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6373:Pope Clement I
6363:Church Fathers
6360:
6354:
6352:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6219:
6217:
6202:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6124:Biblical canon
6119:Catholic Bible
6116:
6115:
6114:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6081:
6080:
6069:
6067:
6061:
6060:
6049:
6048:
6041:
6034:
6026:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6003:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5965:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5923:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5894:Legion of Mary
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5832:
5831:
5830:
5823:Lay Carmelites
5820:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5782:
5780:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5671:Conceptionists
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5606:Assumptionists
5602:
5600:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5535:
5529:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5439:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5329:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5308:Syro-Malankara
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5258:Italo-Albanian
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5146:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5112:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5076:
5069:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4967:
4965:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4928:Lateran Treaty
4925:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4854:
4849:
4840:
4838:
4823:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4730:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4689:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4664:Moral theology
4661:
4655:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4494:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4454:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4428:
4423:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4347:
4345:
4338:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4249:
4238:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4179:Pope Gregory I
4176:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4151:Biblical canon
4148:
4146:Late antiquity
4143:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4082:Church fathers
4079:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4034:
4032:
4023:
4016:Ecclesiastical
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3944:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3919:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3887:
3875:
3872:Roman Question
3869:
3863:
3862:(c. 1640–1740)
3857:
3854:Baroque Papacy
3851:
3845:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3823:Western Schism
3820:
3817:Avignon Papacy
3814:
3813:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3791:
3785:
3778:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3763:Crescentii era
3760:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3719:
3717:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
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4835:List of popes
4831:
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4619:Mother of God
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4504:People of God
4502:
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4492:Infallibility
4490:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4368:Body and soul
4366:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4271:Enlightenment
4269:
4267:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4242:Protestantism
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:Scholasticism
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:Schism (1378)
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4189:Schism (1054)
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3831:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:High and Late
3771:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3589:Benedict XIII
3587:
3585:
3584:Innocent XIII
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3549:Alexander VII
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:Innocent VIII
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Callixtus III
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:Boniface VIII
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Celestine III
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:Alexander III
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:Anastasius IV
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3082:Sylvester III
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:Benedict VIII
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:Anastasius II
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:Pope emeritus
2305:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2265:List of popes
2263:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2153:(Paris 1966).
2152:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2116:(Milan 1928).
2115:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1888:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1822:
1812:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1785:965-391-003-5
1781:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1663:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1551:public domain
1541:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1495:public domain
1485:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1425:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1395:
1388:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1343:
1334:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1265:
1259:
1252:
1246:
1240:Pavoni, p. 6.
1237:
1230:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1124:List of popes
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1100:Pope Adrian V
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
988:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
904:
900:
895:
889:
885:
881:
872:
870:
867:
863:
859:
843:
834:
830:
825:
815:
813:
807:
805:
801:
796:
792:
788:
778:
775:
774:persona ficta
771:
764:
763:Persona ficta
758:
756:
752:
748:
738:
736:
733:, the Polish
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
701:Canonizations
698:
695:
687:
683:
678:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:
649:
645:
635:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
599:
598:personal arms
594:
590:
588:
587:
586:Ad extirpanda
583:
578:
575:
571:
560:
558:
553:
551:
550:
545:
541:
537:
532:
528:
522:
514:
509:
500:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:Civitavecchia
471:
467:
461:
459:
455:
449:
446:
443:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
290:
281:
279:
278:
277:Ad extirpanda
272:
270:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
223:
219:
215:
207:
203:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
163:
159:
154:
151:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
121:
118:
117:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
60:
56:
53:
47:
42:
39:
35:
27:
22:
19:
7312:1190s births
7241:
7237:Pope Francis
7163:21st century
7112:Pope Paul VI
7089:
7077:
7030:20th century
7017:
6968:Pope Pius IX
6956:19th century
6932:Pope Pius VI
6799:
6671:Latin Empire
6641:Universities
6593:Pope Leo III
6460:Christianity
6445:state church
6437:Great Church
6238:Resurrection
6201:(30–325/476)
6198:Early Church
6183:Latin Church
6178:Papal States
6173:Vatican City
5981:Universities
5813:Third orders
5776:Associations
5766:Visitandines
5761:Trinitarians
5711:Mercedarians
5696:Hieronymites
5641:Camaldoleses
5626:Benedictines
5616:Augustinians
5576:
5569:
5562:
5543:Vatican News
5497:Distinctions
5303:Syro-Malabar
5188:Latin Church
5110:Grand master
5008:Metropolitan
4905:Vatican City
4800:Organisation
4679:Philosophers
4544:Confirmation
4521:In canon law
4515:Subsistit in
4513:
4509:Three states
4496:
4457:
4450:Ecclesiology
4432:Nova Vulgata
4430:
4388:Original sin
4383:Nicene Creed
4373:Divine grace
4332:
4214:Universities
4184:Papal States
4111:Great Church
4053:Resurrection
4030:Early Church
3926:
3914:
3884:World War II
3878:Vatican City
3754:
3725:(until 493)
3689:Benedict XVI
3684:John Paul II
3604:Clement XIII
3599:Benedict XIV
3574:Innocent XII
3508:Clement VIII
3483:Gregory XIII
3463:Marcellus II
3423:Alexander VI
3373:Innocent VII
3338:Benedict XII
3293:Nicholas III
3258:Alexander IV
3252:
3248:Celestine IV
3238:Honorius III
3222:Innocent III
3207:Gregory VIII
3167:Celestine II
3152:Callixtus II
3122:Alexander II
3047:Sylvester II
3027:Benedict VII
2987:Stephen VIII
2872:Benedict III
2726:Adeodatus II
2671:Boniface III
2525:Anastasius I
2211:Alexander IV
2199:
2194:Celestine IV
2150:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2120:
2114:Innocenzo IV
2113:
2109:(Rome 1969).
2106:
2101:(in Italian)
2096:
2086:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1989:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1960:Bibliography
1949:
1940:
1930:(in Italian)
1927:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1863:
1859:
1846:
1838:the original
1833:
1811:
1802:
1775:
1769:
1750:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1723:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1666:Loeb, p. 61.
1662:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1636:
1628:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1602:
1597:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1571:
1560:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1523:
1519:
1509:
1500:
1484:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1437:
1432:
1413:
1407:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1355:
1347:
1342:
1333:
1325:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1271:
1263:
1258:
1250:
1245:
1236:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1210:
1202:
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1181:
1157:
1152:
1104:
1085:
1062:
1053:
1021:
1005:Papal States
994:
978:
947:
908:
868:
855:
840:
827:
808:
787:Albigensians
784:
773:
767:
762:
744:
704:
694:Papal States
691:
650:
641:
632:
608:
584:
579:
566:
554:
547:
524:
490:
462:
450:
447:
439:
430:Celestine IV
418:Papal States
412:
404:Honorius III
400:Innocent III
393:
382:
363:
349:
337:
295:
275:
273:
245:
241:Papal States
232:
213:
212:
197:(1254-12-07)
138:28 June 1243
135:Consecration
107:Alexander IV
97:Celestine IV
85:Papacy ended
80:25 June 1243
77:Papacy began
55:Frederick II
18:
7317:1254 deaths
7243:Laudato si'
7038:Pope Pius X
6867:Philip Neri
6842:Pope Pius V
6817:Thomas More
6686:Inquisition
6588:Charlemagne
6548:Monasticism
6358:Persecution
6250:Holy Spirit
6233:Crucifixion
6112:First seven
5971:Health care
5957:Pax Christi
5909:Schoenstatt
5874:Sant'Egidio
5706:Legionaries
5686:Franciscans
5661:Cistercians
5656:Carthusians
5611:Annonciades
5470:Altarpieces
5363:West Syriac
5358:East Syriac
5338:Alexandrian
4962:Holy orders
4943:Swiss Guard
4883:Dicasteries
4878:Roman Curia
4776:Evangelists
4734:Holy Family
4669:Personalism
4659:Natural law
4637:Josephology
4571:Holy orders
4209:Inquisition
4166:Middle Ages
4156:Monasticism
4124:Constantine
4048:Crucifixion
3892:(1945–1991)
3886:(1939–1945)
3874:(1870–1929)
3868:(1775–1848)
3856:(1585–1689)
3850:(1534–1585)
3844:(1417–1534)
3825:(1378–1417)
3819:(1309–1378)
3811:, 1228–1304
3805:, 1262–1297
3799:, 1257–1281
3790:(1048–1257)
3775:Middle Ages
3715:Middle Ages
3679:John Paul I
3654:Benedict XV
3634:Gregory XVI
3609:Clement XIV
3594:Clement XII
3564:Innocent XI
3503:Innocent IX
3498:Gregory XIV
3448:Clement VII
3378:Gregory XII
3368:Boniface IX
3348:Innocent VI
3323:Benedict XI
3313:Celestine V
3308:Nicholas IV
3303:Honorius IV
3253:Innocent IV
3212:Clement III
3162:Innocent II
3157:Honorius II
3147:Gelasius II
3127:Gregory VII
3117:Nicholas II
3077:Benedict IX
3022:Benedict VI
2997:Agapetus II
2972:Stephen VII
2947:Sergius III
2937:Benedict IV
2927:Theodore II
2912:Boniface VI
2811:Stephen III
2791:Gregory III
2781:Constantine
2746:Benedict II
2681:Adeodatus I
2676:Boniface IV
2656:Pelagius II
2616:Boniface II
2556:Celestine I
2495:Sylvester I
2480:Marcellus I
2475:Marcellinus
2410:Callixtus I
2395:Eleutherius
2370:Telesphorus
2360:Alexander I
2282:Papal names
1557:Poor Clares
1036:papal vicar
958:Caspian Sea
899:1246 letter
755:St. Francis
747:Poor Clares
727:Albigensian
707:Edmund Rich
686:Papal bulla
628:Edmund Rich
540:Middle East
346:Roman Curia
256:Roman Curia
229: 1195
172: 1195
122:(1227–1243)
93:Predecessor
31:Innocent IV
7301:Categories
7116:coronation
6822:Pope Leo X
6407:Tertullian
6337:Revelation
6312:Background
5726:Oratorians
5681:Dominicans
5651:Carmelites
5646:Camillians
5594:institutes
5407:Tridentine
5343:Antiochian
5263:Macedonian
5208:Belarusian
5098:Provincial
5013:Archbishop
4933:Roman Rota
4895:Properties
4820:By country
4816:Precedence
4781:Confessors
4761:Archangels
4751:Patriarchs
4651:Philosophy
4629:Veneration
4594:Assumption
4564:Last rites
4531:Sacraments
4475:Four marks
4286:Vatican II
4234:Modern era
4070:Succession
3835:Modern Era
3765:(974–1012)
3669:John XXIII
3579:Clement XI
3554:Clement IX
3544:Innocent X
3539:Urban VIII
3534:Gregory XV
3458:Julius III
3393:Nicholas V
3358:Gregory XI
3343:Clement VI
3278:Innocent V
3268:Clement IV
3243:Gregory IX
3197:Lucius III
3177:Eugene III
3142:Paschal II
3132:Victor III
3112:Stephen IX
3097:Damasus II
3092:Clement II
3087:Gregory VI
3062:Sergius IV
3057:John XVIII
3007:Benedict V
2992:Marinus II
2917:Stephen VI
2897:Adrian III
2877:Nicholas I
2862:Sergius II
2857:Gregory IV
2837:Stephen IV
2801:Stephen II
2786:Gregory II
2706:Theodore I
2691:Honorius I
2686:Boniface V
2651:Benedict I
2641:Pelagius I
2626:Agapetus I
2586:Gelasius I
2576:Simplicius
2561:Sixtus III
2551:Boniface I
2541:Innocent I
2405:Zephyrinus
2319:Pope-elect
2295:non-extant
1877:1 December
1866:: 91–104.
1776:Jewish Art
1724:Torah Tots
1530:26 October
1526:(1): 23–27
1140:References
925:asked the
842:regard....
791:Gregory IX
648:papal bull
612:Afonso III
582:papal bull
563:After Lyon
519:See also:
414:Gregory IX
408:Gregory IX
284:Early life
150:Gregory IX
7132:Communism
7102:Ecumenism
6448:(380–451)
6440:(180–451)
6429:(313–476)
6351:(100–325)
5967:See also:
5919:Charities
5828:Discalced
5756:Trappists
5751:Theatines
5721:Olivetans
5666:Clarisses
5636:Blue nuns
5621:Basilians
5598:societies
5506:See also:
5392:Mozarabic
5382:Ambrosian
5368:Malankara
5353:Byzantine
5313:Ukrainian
5288:Ruthenian
5253:Hungarian
5238:Ethiopian
5213:Bulgarian
5180:sui iuris
5164:Postulant
5073:Religious
5028:Auxiliary
5023:Coadjutor
4993:Patriarch
4861:Cardinals
4808:Canon law
4804:Hierarchy
4786:Disciples
4709:Relations
4697:Evolution
4688:See also:
4633:See also:
4586:Mariology
4576:Matrimony
4549:Eucharist
4470:Ecumenism
4398:Salvation
4334:Catechism
4329:Tradition
4291:Communism
4139:Chalcedon
3759:(904–964)
3751:(756–857)
3745:(537–752)
3739:(493–537)
3731:(312–337)
3629:Pius VIII
3559:Clement X
3493:Urban VII
3443:Adrian VI
3433:Julius II
3413:Sixtus IV
3388:Eugene IV
3333:John XXII
3328:Clement V
3298:Martin IV
3273:Gregory X
3202:Urban III
3187:Adrian IV
3172:Lucius II
3107:Victor II
3052:John XVII
3042:Gregory V
3017:John XIII
2902:Stephen V
2892:Marinus I
2887:John VIII
2882:Adrian II
2852:Valentine
2847:Eugene II
2842:Paschal I
2776:Sisinnius
2761:Sergius I
2696:Severinus
2661:Gregory I
2631:Silverius
2601:Hormisdas
2596:Symmachus
2581:Felix III
2515:Damasus I
2490:Miltiades
2465:Eutychian
2455:Dionysius
2450:Sixtus II
2445:Stephen I
2435:Cornelius
2355:Evaristus
2350:Clement I
2345:Anacletus
2275:canonised
2270:graphical
1794:0792-0660
1476:1032-3732
1145:Citations
1102:in 1276.
1096:Ottobuono
1003:into the
970:Karakorum
956:near the
709:, former
624:Henry III
334:canonists
326:canon law
103:Successor
7142:HIV/AIDS
6636:Crusades
6390:Irenaeus
6383:Ignatius
6378:Polycarp
6228:Ministry
6216:(30–100)
6090:Timeline
6011:Category
5904:Opus Dei
5889:Scouting
5879:Focolare
5746:Servites
5731:Piarists
5676:Crosiers
5412:Anglican
5348:Armenian
5278:Romanian
5268:Maronite
5243:Georgian
5233:Eritrean
5218:Chaldean
5203:Armenian
5198:Albanian
5079:Superior
5038:Emeritus
5018:Diocesan
4871:Advisers
4830:Holy See
4756:Prophets
4714:Politics
4485:Catholic
4465:Councils
4320:Theology
4199:Crusades
4134:Nicaea I
4065:Apostles
4043:Ministry
4012:Timeline
3992:Glossary
3916:Category
3890:Cold War
3664:Pius XII
3644:Leo XIII
3619:Pius VII
3488:Sixtus V
3453:Paul III
3428:Pius III
3383:Martin V
3363:Urban VI
3288:John XXI
3283:Adrian V
3263:Urban IV
3137:Urban II
3072:John XIX
3032:John XIV
3012:Leo VIII
3002:John XII
2907:Formosus
2816:Adrian I
2771:John VII
2721:Vitalian
2716:Eugene I
2711:Martin I
2666:Sabinian
2646:John III
2636:Vigilius
2611:Felix IV
2571:Hilarius
2520:Siricius
2510:Liberius
2505:Julius I
2485:Eusebius
2440:Lucius I
2400:Victor I
2385:Anicetus
2365:Sixtus I
2302:Antipope
2205:1243–54
2079:(1911).
2026:(1990).
1942:disfatta
1933:Archived
1868:Archived
1728:Archived
1695:Archived
1287:Magister
1187:14 April
1113:See also
1032:Conradin
705:In 1246
657:crusades
454:Lombardy
426:conclave
360:Cardinal
302:Manarola
296:Born in
181:Manarola
7107:Judaism
6507:Vulgate
6317:Gospels
6292:Stephen
6209:Origins
6129:Vulgate
6065:General
6055:of the
6053:History
5976:Schools
5932:Caritas
5840:Secular
5806:Workers
5701:Jesuits
5487:Museums
5482:Library
5460:Writers
5455:Artists
5435:Culture
5402:Paul VI
5283:Russian
5273:Melkite
5115:Brother
5093:General
5033:Titular
5003:Primate
4981:Eparchy
4971:Diocese
4918:Outline
4857:College
4847:Francis
4791:Virgins
4766:Martyrs
4692:Science
4599:History
4554:Penance
4539:Baptism
4440:Worship
4413:Vulgate
4361:Kingdom
4356:Trinity
4344:General
4099:Primacy
4007:History
3987:Outline
3809:Perugia
3803:Orvieto
3797:Viterbo
3694:Francis
3674:Paul VI
3659:Pius XI
3639:Pius IX
3624:Leo XII
3614:Pius VI
3473:Pius IV
3468:Paul IV
3408:Paul II
3403:Pius II
3353:Urban V
3037:John XV
2982:Leo VII
2977:John XI
2932:John IX
2922:Romanus
2821:Leo III
2796:Zachary
2766:John VI
2701:John IV
2621:John II
2546:Zosimus
2460:Felix I
2425:Anterus
2420:Pontian
2415:Urban I
2375:Hyginus
2252:of the
1553::
935:Persian
923:message
795:Talmuds
665:Prussia
661:Livonia
620:Bohemia
616:Ottokar
574:Perugia
536:Mongols
456:to the
344:in the
322:Bologna
314:Liguria
310:Fieschi
306:Lavagna
252:Bologna
57:at the
52:emperor
7073:Nazism
6895:to the
6502:Jerome
6412:Origen
6095:Papacy
5854:Fimcap
5796:Marian
5716:Minims
5448:Marian
5298:Syriac
5293:Slovak
5223:Coptic
5159:Oblate
5154:Master
5149:Novice
5144:Hermit
5132:Sister
5088:Abbess
5055:Deacon
5050:Priest
5045:Parish
4988:Bishop
4958:Polity
4744:Joseph
4726:Saints
4393:Saints
4281:Nazism
3649:Pius X
3529:Paul V
3524:Leo XI
3478:Pius V
3102:Leo IX
2967:Leo VI
2962:John X
2867:Leo IV
2806:Paul I
2751:John V
2741:Leo II
2736:Agatho
2606:John I
2430:Fabian
2380:Pius I
2290:extant
2286:Tombs
1792:
1782:
1757:
1707:Viator
1497::
1474:
1420:
1088:Opizzo
1077:Foggia
1069:Naples
1049:Lucera
1041:Amalfi
1028:Anagni
954:Baichu
939:Turkic
937:mixed
927:Mongol
911:nuncio
542:. The
482:France
308:. The
202:Naples
130:Orders
67:Church
7357:Popes
7175:Islam
6443:Roman
6402:Canon
6275:Peter
6223:Jesus
5952:CIDSE
5801:Youth
5525:Media
5492:Music
5417:Zaire
5397:Roman
5387:Braga
5377:Latin
5248:Greek
5120:Friar
5084:Abbot
4998:Major
4913:Index
4812:Laity
4378:Dogma
4325:Bible
4301:Islam
4257:Trent
4038:Jesus
4020:Legal
3982:Index
3438:Leo X
2957:Lando
2942:Leo V
2756:Conon
2731:Donus
2566:Leo I
2470:Caius
2390:Soter
2340:Linus
2335:Peter
2250:Popes
1871:(PDF)
1856:(PDF)
1734:6 May
1178:(PDF)
1045:Teano
974:jasaq
931:Güyük
903:Güyük
888:Baiju
802:held
478:Genoa
470:Sutri
318:Parma
298:Genoa
248:Parma
218:Latin
177:Genoa
7225:2023
7220:2019
7215:2016
7210:2013
7205:2011
7200:2008
7195:2005
7190:2002
7185:2000
7152:1995
6322:Acts
6285:Paul
6280:John
6255:Mary
5477:Folk
5125:Monk
4866:List
4844:Pope
4739:Mary
2500:Mark
2201:Pope
1879:2019
1790:ISSN
1780:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1736:2022
1532:2022
1472:ISSN
1418:ISBN
1189:2024
962:Lyon
897:The
866:Bull
663:and
525:The
486:Lyon
466:Rome
406:and
320:and
250:and
192:Died
161:Born
26:Pope
6211:and
6161:Art
5791:Lay
5443:Art
5137:Nun
4859:of
4351:God
1464:doi
1075:at
901:of
659:in
368:of
258:by
179:or
148:by
7303::
5596:,
5086:,
2085:.
1939::
1862:.
1858:.
1832:.
1820:^
1788:.
1726:.
1722:.
1678:,
1524:22
1522:.
1518:.
1470:.
1460:26
1458:.
1454:.
1279:,
1180:.
1165:^
987:.
964:,
772:,
757:.
552:.
499:.
460:.
410:.
402:,
271:.
262:.
226:c.
224:;
220::
204:,
183:,
169:c.
7118:)
7114:(
6045:e
6038:t
6031:v
5591:,
5075::
4964:)
4960:(
4837:)
4833:(
3963:e
3956:t
3949:v
2242:e
2235:t
2228:v
1995:.
1944:.
1881:.
1864:6
1796:.
1763:.
1738:.
1534:.
1478:.
1466::
1426:.
1191:.
600:.
216:(
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