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333:. The threatening Muslim military presence (which he believed was God's punishment against "bad Christians"), coupled with alliances they formed with the local Christians, prompted John to promote "a new and uncompromisingly hostile view of the Saracens." This included a ban on forming alliances with the Muslims. However, his efforts proved unsuccessful, partly because Christian leaders viewed his calls for unity as an excuse to assert papal authority in southern Italy.
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John VIII was assassinated in 882 by his own clerics; he was first poisoned, and then clubbed to death. The motives may have been his exhaustion of the papal treasury, his lack of support among the
Carolingians, his gestures towards the Byzantines, and his failure to stop the Saracen raids. Without
368:
against Muslim raids. By 877, all five cities sent delegates to
Traietto to formalize an alliance. Pope John VIII urged Charles to come to his defence in Italy. Charles again crossed the Alps, but this expedition was received with little enthusiasm by the nobles, and even by his regent in Lombardy,
55:
408:. Photius had been condemned in 869 by Adrian II. This was undertaken mainly to appease the Byzantines, since in them he saw the only hope of removing the Arabs from Italy. It was commonly believed that some time afterward John VIII re-confirmed the
448:
the protection of powerful magnates or the
Carolingian emperor, the papacy after John VIII's reign became increasingly subject to the machinations and greedy ambition of the rival clans of the local nobility.
277:
visited Rome, John inquired about the whereabouts of the missing
Methodius, but Anno lied to him. In the summer of 873, John finally learned the truth. Furious, he forbade the celebration of
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392:, and had been damaged in a Saracen raid, the pope fortified the basilica, the monastery, and the nearby dwellings of the peasants. He also founded a papal fleet.
377:, entered northern Italy. Charles, ill and in great distress, started on his way back to Gaul, but died while crossing the pass of Mont Cenis on 6 October 877.
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Obtaining relatively little support from outside sources, John fell back on what resources he could command. He reinforced the walls previously restored by
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and their march northwards. When his efforts to obtain assistance from either the Franks or the
Byzantines failed, John strengthened the defences of
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439:, for returning Croatia to papal jurisdiction. In return, John recognized Croatian independence from the Carolingians.
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in
Bavaria until Methodius was released. After his release, Methodius came to Rome and convinced John to allow him to
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as archbishop and supported his mission to the Slavs. Unbeknownst to Rome, Methodius was imprisoned in 870 by the
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has demonstrated this to be a Latin myth, as
Photius died in visible perfect communion within the Roman Church.
223:. John's pontificate ended with his assassination, and the papacy became significantly weaker in the aftermath.
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to
Slavonic as well as to perform liturgy in Slavonic. John wrote: "He who made three main languages –
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to move against
Photius. However, modern scholarship particularly influenced by Catholic scholar
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1989:
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1009:
940:
877:
817:
770:
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696:
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638:
330:
848:"AD879 Croatia Recognised as Independent State – Pope John VIII and Prince Branimir"
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2214:
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2159:
2149:
2129:
2119:
2079:
2024:
1999:
1974:
1949:
1939:
1929:
1914:
1813:
1793:
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2536:
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2245:
2199:
2179:
2144:
2134:
2114:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2064:
2059:
2009:
1994:
1919:
1899:
1879:
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1256:
1187:
1072:
1048:
1027:
1003:
992:
978:
974:
604:, Transl. Michael Idomir Allen, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), p. 203.
417:
409:
286:
72:
737:, British School at Rome Studies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 196–234,
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2019:
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2014:
2004:
1909:
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1442:
1402:
1387:
1367:
1309:
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954:
900:
821:
530:
34:
180:
from 14 December 872 to his death. He is often considered one of the ablest
6239:
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5970:
5934:
5673:
5595:
5439:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5163:
4763:
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3746:
3517:
3434:
3390:
3385:
3375:
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3113:
2880:
2696:
2676:
2661:
2641:
2626:
2616:
2475:
2470:
2410:
2405:
2355:
2039:
1984:
1979:
1934:
1924:
1823:
1798:
1768:
1703:
1623:
1548:
1462:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1377:
1068:
318:
310:
177:
128:
1050:
Struggle for Empire: Kingship and
Conflict Under Louis the German, 817–876
6040:
5869:
5844:
5819:
5792:
5779:
5688:
5590:
5277:
4959:
4815:
4688:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4643:
3945:
3880:
3736:
3661:
3639:
3487:
3249:
3211:
2651:
2531:
2526:
2480:
2104:
1969:
1964:
1869:
1808:
1753:
1743:
1738:
1608:
1432:
1382:
1337:
381:
250:
204:
969:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 434.
533:
Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. retrieved 10 June 2007.
5824:
5409:
4653:
4648:
4472:
4399:
4015:
3935:
3566:
2765:
2440:
1959:
1944:
1758:
1733:
1568:
1472:
1392:
1342:
1284:
1108:
958:
805:
620:, Vol. 2, Ed. John Bagnell Bury, (The Macmillan Company, 1913), p. 387.
309:. Their expansion into Italy was severely affecting the economy of the
4758:
4753:
4723:
4419:
4182:
4166:
4151:
3995:
3885:
3763:
3753:
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1502:
1213:
1196:
511:
401:
108:
98:
24:
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5392:
5380:
4998:
4906:
4733:
3832:
3201:
1304:
1094:
Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
899: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
874:
Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
767:
Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
692:
Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
345:
314:
231:
187:
John devoted much of his papacy attempting to halt and reverse the
2942:
661:
Islamophobia/Islamophilia: Beyond the Politics of Enemy and Friend
19:
This article is about the Catholic pope. For the Coptic pope, see
5895:
5509:
5131:
4703:
3541:
3415:
3358:
473:
349:
266:
262:
637:(illustrated ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 35.
6061:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
5504:
5414:
5319:
4856:
4161:
4146:
4090:
4057:
365:
357:
297:– also made all other languages to sing his praise and glory."
1129:
Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes
791:"The Errors of the Greeks Condemned in Three General Councils"
4954:
4122:
4086:
361:
353:
329:. His efforts failed and he was forced to pay tribute to the
200:
1142:
Repertorium "Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages" (
584:
582:
580:
578:
269:. Adrian II died in 872, and John VIII, a Roman native, was
4127:
3846:
1252:
1203:
633:
John Victor Tolan; Gilles Veinstein; Henry Laurens (2013).
536:
192:
181:
124:
54:
369:
Boso, and they refused to join his army. At the same time
5950:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
575:
531:
Mann, Horace. "Pope John VIII." The Catholic Encyclopedia
939:. Studi e documenti, 19 (in Italian). Roma: Edilazio.
563:
553:
551:
5981:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
806:"The Photian Schism in Western and Eastern Tradition"
348:
in an effort to form an alliance among the cities of
257:
and Bavarian bishops, who objected to his use of the
876:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 59–60.
828:
455:
905:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope John VIII".
548:
215:. John also extended diplomatic recognition to the
5054:
1029:A History of the Popes: From Peter to the Present
871:
764:
6301:
6051:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
1251:
1074:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
1005:The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy
769:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 60.
695:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 58.
321:, Pope John asked for military aid from Emperor
207:rulers and Bavarian clergy, and authorized the
657:
265:and his encroachment on their jurisdiction in
5040:
2958:
1237:
717:The Carolingians:The Family who forged Europe
400:In 879, John recognised the reinstatement of
1145:Geschichtsquellen des deutschen Mittelalters
1143:
1022:
602:The Carolingians: A family who forged Europe
588:
987:
735:Rome in the Ninth Century: A History in Art
614:The Expansion of Saracens:Africa and Europe
16:Head of the Catholic Church from 872 to 882
6066:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
6016:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
5047:
5033:
4887:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
2965:
2951:
1244:
1230:
1001:
904:
719:. 1983. University of Pennsylvania Press
395:
53:
1046:
983:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
953:
936:Giovanni VIII: papa medioevale (872–882)
932:
569:
542:
386:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
335:
230:
973:
803:
728:
635:Europe and the Islamic World: A History
628:
626:
6302:
3346:
1158:Literature by and about Johannes VIII.
1109:"Pope John the Eighth and the Arabs,"
1091:
980:The Photian Schism: History and Legend
688:
557:
344:In 876, John VIII traveled throughout
5028:
2946:
1225:
1067:
921:
834:
731:"The Last Hurrah: John VIII (872–82)"
412:of Photius, which eventually enabled
300:
23:. For the legendary female pope, see
911:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
623:
5920:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
2972:
1096:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
1002:Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010).
435:in 879, John thanked the new duke,
305:As a young man, John witnessed the
226:
13:
5475:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1101:
14:
6356:
1122:
928:(in Italian). Roma: Tip. di Roma.
6282:
6270:
5601:Fourth Council of Constantinople
5556:Second Council of Constantinople
5009:
5008:
4997:
4965:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
4513:Criticism of the Catholic Church
2924:
2913:
2912:
894:
486:
472:
458:
172:; died 16 December 882) was the
6345:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica
5571:Third Council of Constantinople
5495:First Council of Constantinople
3132:First seven ecumenical councils
925:Il pontificato di Giovanni VIII
915:
865:
840:
797:
783:
758:
722:
709:
682:
502:Council of Constantinople (879)
5810:Dissolution of the monasteries
5076:History of the Catholic Church
3707:Separation of church and state
1077:. Cambridge University Press.
1047:Goldberg, Eric Joseph (2006).
994:History of the Byzantine State
651:
618:The Cambridge Medieval History
607:
594:
524:
189:Muslim gains in southern Italy
1:
5684:Fourth Council of the Lateran
5659:Second Council of the Lateran
5268:Apostles in the New Testament
852:Knights of the Precious Blood
517:
427:would follow in the steps of
6335:9th-century writers in Latin
5798:Catholic Counter-Reformation
5664:Third Council of the Lateran
5654:First Council of the Lateran
5110:Catholic ecumenical councils
1053:. Cornell University Press.
273:to succeed him. When Bishop
21:Pope John VIII of Alexandria
7:
6340:9th-century Italian writers
1092:Kreutz, Barbara M. (1996).
1008:. Oxford University Press.
729:Osborne, John, ed. (2023),
451:
406:patriarch of Constantinople
203:, defended him against the
10:
6361:
5144:History of the Roman Curia
5004:Catholic Church portal
1177:; accessed 27 August 2016.
997:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
872:Barbara M. Kreutz (2011).
765:Barbara M. Kreutz (2011).
423:John was anxious that the
313:. After the raids against
63:of John VIII, 14th century
18:
6265:
6165:
6031:
5958:
5893:
5880:European wars of religion
5777:
5712:
5614:
5536:
5427:
5350:
5210:
5199:
5191:Eastern Catholic Churches
5066:
4992:
4930:Aid to the Church in Need
4920:
4777:
4590:
4551:Vatican Television Center
4526:
4436:
4326:
4196:Eastern Catholic Churches
4177:
4066:
3959:
3906:
3831:
3802:
3727:
3652:
3587:
3532:
3451:
3321:
3235:
3167:
3112:
3031:
3008:
2980:
2908:
2835:
2775:
2714:
2705:
2519:
2233:
1832:
1536:
1330:
1263:
1210:
1201:
1193:
1186:
1032:. Government Institutes.
933:Cariello, Nicola (2002).
743:10.1017/9781009415422.008
247:Methodius of Thessalonica
197:Methodius of Thessalonica
152:
135:
119:
114:
104:
94:
86:
78:
68:
52:
45:
32:
6011:Mary of the Divine Heart
5634:Clash against the empire
5586:Second Council of Nicaea
5480:Old St. Peter's Basilica
4872:Communion and Liberation
4336:Eastern Catholic liturgy
3501:Mystici Corporis Christi
3429:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
1118:(1945), pp. 318–330
689:Kreutz, Barbara (1991).
666:Indiana University Press
442:
388:was located outside the
340:An 876 bull of John VIII
209:translation of the Bible
6325:9th-century archbishops
6277:Vatican City portal
5629:Investiture Controversy
5485:First Council of Nicaea
3687:Philosophy of canon law
3617:Mariology of the saints
3197:Investiture Controversy
2726:During the Roman Empire
1162:German National Library
966:Encyclopædia Britannica
658:Andrew Shryock (2010).
396:Constantinople problems
154:Other popes named John
6289:Catholicism portal
6100:Second Vatican Council
5986:Our Lady of La Salette
5793:Protestant Reformation
5780:Protestant Reformation
5699:Second Council of Lyon
5088:Ecclesiastical history
4940:Catholic Charities USA
4574:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
4562:Vatican Polyglot Press
3612:Mariology of the popes
3250:Protestant Reformation
2931:Catholic Church Portal
2791:Conflicts with the HRE
1188:Catholic Church titles
1144:
922:Balan, Pietro (1880).
810:The Review of Politics
507:List of murdered popes
341:
307:Arab raid against Rome
239:
237:Svatopluk I of Moravia
235:John VIII's letter to
199:in his mission to the
169:
5996:First Vatican Council
5694:First Council of Lyon
5458:Constantine the Great
5154:Christian monasticism
4694:Good Shepherd Sisters
4536:Holy See Press Office
3774:Doctors of the Church
3607:Immaculate Conception
3562:Anointing of the Sick
3097:History of the papacy
2707:History of the papacy
1175:Enciclopedia dei Papi
908:Catholic Encyclopedia
339:
234:
6173:Sexual abuse scandal
6082:Mit brennender Sorge
5925:Age of Enlightenment
5704:Bernard of Clairvaux
5581:Byzantine Iconoclasm
5520:Council of Chalcedon
5300:Council of Jerusalem
5169:Role in civilization
5149:Religious institutes
5081:By country or region
4567:L'Osservatore Romano
4505:Role in civilisation
4231:Croatian and Serbian
3979:Episcopal conference
3941:St. Peter's Basilica
3299:Sexual abuse scandal
3255:Catholic Reformation
2869:Revolutionary Papacy
2863:Age of Enlightenment
1138:"Iohannes VIII papa"
804:Dvornik, F. (1948).
545:, pp. 300, 319.
184:of the 9th century.
6001:Papal infallibility
5991:Our Lady of Lourdes
5940:Shimabara Rebellion
5784:Counter-Reformation
4902:Neocatechumenal Way
4867:Charismatic Renewal
4581:Annuario Pontificio
4179:Particular churches
3855:Ecumenical councils
3627:Perpetual virginity
3462:Communitas perfecta
3406:Sermon on the Mount
2716:Antiquity and Early
2520:17th–21st centuries
2234:13th–16th centuries
989:Ostrogorsky, George
480:Christianity portal
371:Carloman of Bavaria
283:translate the Bible
6046:Our Lady of Fátima
5835:Ignatius of Loyola
5759:Catherine of Siena
5727:Pope Boniface VIII
5546:Benedict of Nursia
5515:Council of Ephesus
5352:Ante-Nicene period
5305:Split with Judaism
5139:Crusading movement
4739:Premonstratensians
3122:Ante-Nicene period
3000:Lists of Catholics
2851:Reformation Papacy
2845:Renaissance Papacy
2787:(1012–1044 / 1048)
2740:Ostrogothic Papacy
1833:9th–12th centuries
960:"John VIII."
793:. 17 January 2018.
404:as the legitimate
342:
301:Saracen incursions
240:
148:Rome, Papal States
6330:9th-century popes
6297:
6296:
6257:COVID-19 pandemic
6235:Pope Benedict XVI
6140:Pope John Paul II
5915:Pope Benedict XIV
5901:French Revolution
5885:Thirty Years' War
5875:Robert Bellarmine
5860:John of the Cross
5764:Pope Alexander VI
5749:Council of Vienne
5679:Francis of Assisi
5669:Pope Innocent III
5538:Early Middle Ages
5532:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5470:Arian controversy
5423:
5422:
5371:Apostolic Fathers
5022:
5021:
4432:
4431:
3825:
3648:
3647:
3340:
3317:
3316:
3309:COVID-19 pandemic
3279:French Revolution
3269:Thirty Years' War
3177:Islamic conquests
3090:Apostolic fathers
3025:
2940:
2939:
2904:
2903:
2796:Wandering Papacy
2759:Saeculum obscurum
2732:Under Constantine
1537:5th–8th centuries
1331:1st–4th centuries
1315:papal resignation
1220:
1219:
1211:Succeeded by
1107:Fred E. Engreen,
1024:O'Malley, John W.
946:978-88-87485-34-9
752:978-1-009-41542-2
702:978-0-8122-1587-8
331:Emirate of Sicily
259:Slavonic language
219:and resolved the
176:and ruler of the
159:
158:
6352:
6287:
6286:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6252:Patriarch Kirill
6125:Pope John Paul I
5930:Anti-clericalism
5910:Pope Innocent XI
5830:Society of Jesus
5815:Council of Trent
5769:Age of Discovery
5714:Late Middle Ages
5616:High Middle Ages
5606:East–West Schism
5490:Pope Sylvester I
5436:
5435:
5425:
5424:
5335:General epistles
5330:Pauline epistles
5263:John the Baptist
5246:Great Commission
5208:
5207:
5159:Catholic culture
5049:
5042:
5035:
5026:
5025:
5012:
5011:
5002:
5001:
4744:Redemptoristines
4592:Religious orders
4518:Anti-Catholicism
4468:Church buildings
4328:Catholic liturgy
4068:Consecrated life
3926:Apostolic Palace
3893:Synod of Bishops
3829:
3828:
3805:
3411:Ten Commandments
3344:
3343:
3326:
3227:Age of Discovery
3061:Great Commission
3029:
3028:
3013:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2928:
2916:
2915:
2836:Early Modern and
2746:Byzantine Papacy
2712:
2711:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1194:Preceded by
1184:
1183:
1180:
1167:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1133:
1097:
1088:
1064:
1043:
1019:
998:
984:
975:Dvornik, Francis
970:
962:
950:
929:
912:
898:
897:
888:
887:
869:
863:
862:
860:
859:
844:
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534:
528:
496:
491:
490:
489:
482:
477:
476:
468:
466:Biography portal
463:
462:
461:
425:Duchy of Croatia
375:Louis the German
327:Boso of Provence
325:and later Count
323:Charles the Bald
275:Anno of Freising
255:Louis the German
227:Slavonic liturgy
217:Duchy of Croatia
145:
143:
115:Personal details
57:
30:
29:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6354:
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6351:
6350:
6349:
6300:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6281:
6271:
6269:
6261:
6183:World Youth Day
6161:
6150:World Youth Day
6094:Pacem in terris
6088:Pope John XXIII
6027:
5954:
5945:Edict of Nantes
5903:
5899:
5889:
5855:Teresa of Ávila
5850:Tridentine Mass
5786:
5782:
5773:
5754:Knights Templar
5708:
5610:
5566:Gregorian chant
5524:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5431:
5419:
5346:
5215:
5203:
5195:
5062:
5060:Catholic Church
5053:
5023:
5018:
4996:
4988:
4967:
4950:Relief Services
4916:
4862:Catholic Action
4852:Military orders
4789:Confraternities
4781:of the faithful
4780:
4773:
4595:
4586:
4522:
4428:
4322:
4181:
4173:
4106:Prior, Prioress
4062:
3955:
3951:Vatican Museums
3902:
3835:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3723:
3677:Social teaching
3644:
3583:
3528:
3483:One true church
3447:
3424:Sixtine Vulgate
3420:Official Bible
3334:
3330:
3325:
3313:
3231:
3163:
3108:
3078:Petrine primacy
3021:
3017:
3012:
3004:
2976:
2974:Catholic Church
2971:
2941:
2936:
2900:
2883:(1929–present)
2837:
2831:
2785:Tusculan Papacy
2777:
2771:
2752:Frankish Papacy
2717:
2701:
2515:
2229:
1828:
1532:
1326:
1259:
1257:Catholic Church
1250:
1216:
1207:
1199:
1178:
1165:
1152:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1104:
1102:Further reading
1085:
1061:
1040:
1016:
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833:
829:
802:
798:
789:
788:
784:
777:
763:
759:
753:
727:
723:
715:Riche, Pierre.
714:
710:
703:
687:
683:
676:
656:
652:
645:
631:
624:
616:, C.H. Becker,
612:
608:
599:
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587:
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568:
564:
556:
549:
541:
537:
529:
525:
520:
492:
487:
485:
478:
471:
464:
459:
457:
454:
445:
418:Francis Dvornik
410:excommunication
398:
303:
229:
195:. He supported
147:
146:16 December 882
141:
139:
131:
90:16 December 882
82:14 December 872
73:Catholic Church
64:
41:
38:
37:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6358:
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6337:
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6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6090:
6085:
6078:
6073:
6071:Lateran Treaty
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6037:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5906:
5904:
5896:Baroque period
5894:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5865:Peter Canisius
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5840:Francis Xavier
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5804:Exsurge Domine
5800:
5795:
5789:
5787:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5744:Pope Clement V
5741:
5740:
5739:
5737:Avignon Papacy
5732:Western Schism
5729:
5724:
5722:Thomas Aquinas
5718:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
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5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
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5626:
5620:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5576:Saint Boniface
5573:
5568:
5563:
5561:Pope Gregory I
5558:
5553:
5548:
5542:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5500:Biblical canon
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5454:
5452:
5433:
5429:Late antiquity
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5376:Pope Clement I
5366:Church Fathers
5363:
5357:
5355:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
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5285:
5280:
5275:
5265:
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5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5222:
5220:
5205:
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5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5127:Biblical canon
5122:Catholic Bible
5119:
5118:
5117:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5072:
5070:
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5019:
5017:
5016:
5006:
4993:
4990:
4989:
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4971:
4968:
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4957:
4952:
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4942:
4937:
4932:
4926:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4897:Legion of Mary
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4826:Lay Carmelites
4823:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4785:
4783:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4674:Conceptionists
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4609:Assumptionists
4605:
4603:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4442:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4332:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4311:Syro-Malankara
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4261:Italo-Albanian
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4149:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4079:
4072:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3970:
3968:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3931:Lateran Treaty
3928:
3923:
3918:
3912:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3857:
3852:
3843:
3841:
3826:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
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3761:
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3750:
3749:
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3725:
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3722:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3692:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3667:Moral theology
3664:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3585:
3584:
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3529:
3527:
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3521:
3514:
3509:
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3497:
3492:
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3485:
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3465:
3457:
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3449:
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3408:
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3398:
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3306:
3301:
3296:
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3286:
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3262:
3252:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3182:Pope Gregory I
3179:
3173:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3154:Biblical canon
3151:
3149:Late antiquity
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
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1123:External links
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1044:
1039:978-1580512299
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1015:978-0195372045
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971:
957:, ed. (1911).
955:Chisholm, Hugh
951:
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883:978-0812205435
882:
864:
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827:
816:(3): 310–331.
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675:978-0253004543
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668:. p. 32.
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600:Pierre Riche,
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6056:Pope Pius XII
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6006:Pope Leo XIII
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3839:
3838:List of popes
3834:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3790:
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3625:
3623:
3622:Mother of God
3620:
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3513:
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3508:
3507:People of God
3505:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3496:
3495:Infallibility
3493:
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3399:
3397:
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3379:
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3374:
3372:
3371:Body and soul
3369:
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3362:
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3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
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3277:
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3274:Enlightenment
3272:
3270:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3245:Protestantism
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3222:Scholasticism
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3207:Schism (1378)
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:Schism (1054)
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
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3175:
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2807:
2804:
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2798:
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2780:
2776:High and Late
2774:
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2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:Benedict XIII
2590:
2588:
2587:Innocent XIII
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:Alexander VII
2550:
2548:
2545:
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2538:
2535:
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2424:
2422:
2421:Innocent VIII
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Callixtus III
2399:
2397:
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2321:Boniface VIII
2319:
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2239:
2238:
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2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Celestine III
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:Alexander III
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Anastasius IV
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:Sylvester III
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Benedict VIII
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
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1918:
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1911:
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1597:
1595:
1594:Anastasius II
1592:
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1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:Pope emeritus
1308:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:List of popes
1266:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1069:Curta, Florin
1066:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1000:
996:
995:
990:
986:
982:
981:
976:
972:
968:
967:
961:
956:
952:
948:
942:
938:
937:
931:
927:
926:
920:
919:
913:
910:
909:
902:
901:public domain
885:
879:
875:
868:
853:
849:
843:
836:
831:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
800:
792:
786:
778:
776:9780812205435
772:
768:
761:
754:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
725:
718:
712:
704:
698:
694:
693:
685:
677:
671:
667:
663:
662:
654:
646:
640:
636:
629:
627:
619:
615:
610:
603:
597:
591:, p. 79.
590:
589:O'Malley 2009
585:
583:
581:
579:
571:
570:Goldberg 2006
566:
560:, p. 57.
559:
554:
552:
544:
543:Goldberg 2006
539:
532:
527:
523:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
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495:
484:
481:
475:
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467:
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421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
393:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
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308:
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296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
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272:
268:
264:
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233:
224:
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202:
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185:
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171:
167:
163:
155:
151:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
110:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
62:
56:
51:
48:
44:
36:
31:
26:
22:
6244:
6240:Pope Francis
6166:21st century
6115:Pope Paul VI
6092:
6080:
6033:20th century
6020:
5971:Pope Pius IX
5959:19th century
5935:Pope Pius VI
5802:
5674:Latin Empire
5644:Universities
5596:Pope Leo III
5463:Christianity
5448:state church
5440:Great Church
5241:Resurrection
5204:(30–325/476)
5201:Early Church
5186:Latin Church
5181:Papal States
5176:Vatican City
4984:Universities
4816:Third orders
4779:Associations
4769:Visitandines
4764:Trinitarians
4714:Mercedarians
4699:Hieronymites
4644:Camaldoleses
4629:Benedictines
4619:Augustinians
4579:
4572:
4565:
4546:Vatican News
4500:Distinctions
4306:Syro-Malabar
4191:Latin Church
4113:Grand master
4011:Metropolitan
3908:Vatican City
3803:Organisation
3682:Philosophers
3547:Confirmation
3524:In canon law
3518:Subsistit in
3516:
3512:Three states
3499:
3460:
3453:Ecclesiology
3435:Nova Vulgata
3433:
3391:Original sin
3386:Nicene Creed
3376:Divine grace
3335:
3217:Universities
3187:Papal States
3114:Great Church
3056:Resurrection
3033:Early Church
2929:
2917:
2887:World War II
2881:Vatican City
2757:
2728:(until 493)
2692:Benedict XVI
2687:John Paul II
2607:Clement XIII
2602:Benedict XIV
2577:Innocent XII
2511:Clement VIII
2486:Gregory XIII
2466:Marcellus II
2426:Alexander VI
2376:Innocent VII
2341:Benedict XII
2296:Nicholas III
2261:Alexander IV
2251:Celestine IV
2241:Honorius III
2225:Innocent III
2210:Gregory VIII
2170:Celestine II
2155:Callixtus II
2125:Alexander II
2050:Sylvester II
2030:Benedict VII
1990:Stephen VIII
1889:
1875:Benedict III
1729:Adeodatus II
1674:Boniface III
1528:Anastasius I
1202:
1179:(in Italian)
1174:
1141:
1115:
1110:
1093:
1073:
1049:
1028:
1004:
993:
979:
964:
935:
924:
916:Bibliography
906:
893:
873:
867:
856:. Retrieved
854:. 2020-11-08
851:
842:
830:
813:
809:
799:
785:
766:
760:
734:
724:
716:
711:
691:
684:
660:
653:
634:
617:
613:
609:
601:
596:
565:
538:
526:
446:
422:
399:
379:
343:
319:Sabine Hills
311:Papal States
304:
245:consecrated
241:
186:
178:Papal States
170:Ioannes VIII
161:
160:
129:Papal States
87:Papacy ended
79:Papacy began
6246:Laudato si'
6041:Pope Pius X
5870:Philip Neri
5845:Pope Pius V
5820:Thomas More
5689:Inquisition
5591:Charlemagne
5551:Monasticism
5361:Persecution
5253:Holy Spirit
5236:Crucifixion
5115:First seven
4974:Health care
4960:Pax Christi
4912:Schoenstatt
4877:Sant'Egidio
4709:Legionaries
4689:Franciscans
4664:Cistercians
4659:Carthusians
4614:Annonciades
4473:Altarpieces
4366:West Syriac
4361:East Syriac
4341:Alexandrian
3965:Holy orders
3946:Swiss Guard
3886:Dicasteries
3881:Roman Curia
3779:Evangelists
3737:Holy Family
3672:Personalism
3662:Natural law
3640:Josephology
3574:Holy orders
3212:Inquisition
3169:Middle Ages
3159:Monasticism
3127:Constantine
3051:Crucifixion
2895:(1945–1991)
2889:(1939–1945)
2877:(1870–1929)
2871:(1775–1848)
2859:(1585–1689)
2853:(1534–1585)
2847:(1417–1534)
2828:(1378–1417)
2822:(1309–1378)
2814:, 1228–1304
2808:, 1262–1297
2802:, 1257–1281
2793:(1048–1257)
2778:Middle Ages
2718:Middle Ages
2682:John Paul I
2657:Benedict XV
2637:Gregory XVI
2612:Clement XIV
2597:Clement XII
2567:Innocent XI
2506:Innocent IX
2501:Gregory XIV
2451:Clement VII
2381:Gregory XII
2371:Boniface IX
2351:Innocent VI
2326:Benedict XI
2316:Celestine V
2311:Nicholas IV
2306:Honorius IV
2256:Innocent IV
2215:Clement III
2165:Innocent II
2160:Honorius II
2150:Gelasius II
2130:Gregory VII
2120:Nicholas II
2080:Benedict IX
2025:Benedict VI
2000:Agapetus II
1975:Stephen VII
1950:Sergius III
1940:Benedict IV
1930:Theodore II
1915:Boniface VI
1814:Stephen III
1794:Gregory III
1784:Constantine
1749:Benedict II
1684:Adeodatus I
1679:Boniface IV
1659:Pelagius II
1619:Boniface II
1559:Celestine I
1498:Sylvester I
1483:Marcellus I
1478:Marcellinus
1413:Callixtus I
1398:Eleutherius
1373:Telesphorus
1363:Alexander I
1285:Papal names
1166:(in German)
1153:(in German)
558:Kreutz 1996
382:Pope Leo IV
251:Carolingian
205:Carolingian
95:Predecessor
59:Posthumous
6320:882 deaths
6304:Categories
6119:coronation
5825:Pope Leo X
5410:Tertullian
5340:Revelation
5315:Background
4729:Oratorians
4684:Dominicans
4654:Carmelites
4649:Camillians
4597:institutes
4410:Tridentine
4346:Antiochian
4266:Macedonian
4211:Belarusian
4101:Provincial
4016:Archbishop
3936:Roman Rota
3898:Properties
3823:By country
3819:Precedence
3784:Confessors
3764:Archangels
3754:Patriarchs
3654:Philosophy
3632:Veneration
3597:Assumption
3567:Last rites
3534:Sacraments
3478:Four marks
3289:Vatican II
3237:Modern era
3073:Succession
2838:Modern Era
2768:(974–1012)
2672:John XXIII
2582:Clement XI
2557:Clement IX
2547:Innocent X
2542:Urban VIII
2537:Gregory XV
2461:Julius III
2396:Nicholas V
2361:Gregory XI
2346:Clement VI
2281:Innocent V
2271:Clement IV
2246:Gregory IX
2200:Lucius III
2180:Eugene III
2145:Paschal II
2135:Victor III
2115:Stephen IX
2100:Damasus II
2095:Clement II
2090:Gregory VI
2065:Sergius IV
2060:John XVIII
2010:Benedict V
1995:Marinus II
1920:Stephen VI
1900:Adrian III
1880:Nicholas I
1865:Sergius II
1860:Gregory IV
1840:Stephen IV
1804:Stephen II
1789:Gregory II
1709:Theodore I
1694:Honorius I
1689:Boniface V
1654:Benedict I
1644:Pelagius I
1629:Agapetus I
1589:Gelasius I
1579:Simplicius
1564:Sixtus III
1554:Boniface I
1544:Innocent I
1408:Zephyrinus
1322:Pope-elect
1298:non-extant
1164:catalogue
1132:(in Latin)
1084:0521815398
1060:080143890X
858:2024-06-07
835:Curta 2006
518:References
6135:Communism
6105:Ecumenism
5451:(380–451)
5443:(180–451)
5432:(313–476)
5354:(100–325)
4970:See also:
4922:Charities
4831:Discalced
4759:Trappists
4754:Theatines
4724:Olivetans
4669:Clarisses
4639:Blue nuns
4624:Basilians
4601:societies
4509:See also:
4395:Mozarabic
4385:Ambrosian
4371:Malankara
4356:Byzantine
4316:Ukrainian
4291:Ruthenian
4256:Hungarian
4241:Ethiopian
4216:Bulgarian
4183:sui iuris
4167:Postulant
4076:Religious
4031:Auxiliary
4026:Coadjutor
3996:Patriarch
3864:Cardinals
3811:Canon law
3807:Hierarchy
3789:Disciples
3712:Relations
3700:Evolution
3691:See also:
3636:See also:
3589:Mariology
3579:Matrimony
3552:Eucharist
3473:Ecumenism
3401:Salvation
3337:Catechism
3332:Tradition
3294:Communism
3142:Chalcedon
2762:(904–964)
2754:(756–857)
2748:(537–752)
2742:(493–537)
2734:(312–337)
2632:Pius VIII
2562:Clement X
2496:Urban VII
2446:Adrian VI
2436:Julius II
2416:Sixtus IV
2391:Eugene IV
2336:John XXII
2331:Clement V
2301:Martin IV
2276:Gregory X
2205:Urban III
2190:Adrian IV
2175:Lucius II
2110:Victor II
2055:John XVII
2045:Gregory V
2020:John XIII
1905:Stephen V
1895:Marinus I
1890:John VIII
1885:Adrian II
1855:Valentine
1850:Eugene II
1845:Paschal I
1779:Sisinnius
1764:Sergius I
1699:Severinus
1664:Gregory I
1634:Silverius
1604:Hormisdas
1599:Symmachus
1584:Felix III
1518:Damasus I
1493:Miltiades
1468:Eutychian
1458:Dionysius
1453:Sixtus II
1448:Stephen I
1438:Cornelius
1358:Evaristus
1353:Clement I
1348:Anacletus
1278:canonised
1273:graphical
1214:Marinus I
1197:Adrian II
822:0034-6705
512:Pope Joan
402:Photios I
384:. As the
373:, son of
142:882-12-16
109:Marinus I
105:Successor
99:Adrian II
61:miniature
40:John VIII
25:Pope Joan
6145:HIV/AIDS
5639:Crusades
5393:Irenaeus
5386:Ignatius
5381:Polycarp
5231:Ministry
5219:(30–100)
5093:Timeline
5014:Category
4907:Opus Dei
4892:Scouting
4882:Focolare
4749:Servites
4734:Piarists
4679:Crosiers
4415:Anglican
4351:Armenian
4281:Romanian
4271:Maronite
4246:Georgian
4236:Eritrean
4221:Chaldean
4206:Armenian
4201:Albanian
4082:Superior
4041:Emeritus
4021:Diocesan
3874:Advisers
3833:Holy See
3759:Prophets
3717:Politics
3488:Catholic
3468:Councils
3323:Theology
3202:Crusades
3137:Nicaea I
3068:Apostles
3046:Ministry
3015:Timeline
2995:Glossary
2919:Category
2893:Cold War
2667:Pius XII
2647:Leo XIII
2622:Pius VII
2491:Sixtus V
2456:Paul III
2431:Pius III
2386:Martin V
2366:Urban VI
2291:John XXI
2286:Adrian V
2266:Urban IV
2140:Urban II
2075:John XIX
2035:John XIV
2015:Leo VIII
2005:John XII
1910:Formosus
1819:Adrian I
1774:John VII
1724:Vitalian
1719:Eugene I
1714:Martin I
1669:Sabinian
1649:John III
1639:Vigilius
1614:Felix IV
1574:Hilarius
1523:Siricius
1513:Liberius
1508:Julius I
1488:Eusebius
1443:Lucius I
1403:Victor I
1388:Anicetus
1368:Sixtus I
1305:Antipope
1208:872–882
1111:Speculum
1071:(2006).
1026:(2009).
991:(1956).
977:(1948).
452:See also
437:Branimir
429:Bulgaria
346:Campania
317:and the
315:Campania
271:selected
213:Slavonic
6110:Judaism
5510:Vulgate
5320:Gospels
5295:Stephen
5212:Origins
5132:Vulgate
5068:General
5058:of the
5056:History
4979:Schools
4935:Caritas
4843:Secular
4809:Workers
4704:Jesuits
4490:Museums
4485:Library
4463:Writers
4458:Artists
4438:Culture
4405:Paul VI
4286:Russian
4276:Melkite
4118:Brother
4096:General
4036:Titular
4006:Primate
3984:Eparchy
3974:Diocese
3921:Outline
3860:College
3850:Francis
3794:Virgins
3769:Martyrs
3695:Science
3602:History
3557:Penance
3542:Baptism
3443:Worship
3416:Vulgate
3364:Kingdom
3359:Trinity
3347:General
3102:Primacy
3010:History
2990:Outline
2812:Perugia
2806:Orvieto
2800:Viterbo
2697:Francis
2677:Paul VI
2662:Pius XI
2642:Pius IX
2627:Leo XII
2617:Pius VI
2476:Pius IV
2471:Paul IV
2411:Paul II
2406:Pius II
2356:Urban V
2040:John XV
1985:Leo VII
1980:John XI
1935:John IX
1925:Romanus
1824:Leo III
1799:Zachary
1769:John VI
1704:John IV
1624:John II
1549:Zosimus
1463:Felix I
1428:Anterus
1423:Pontian
1418:Urban I
1378:Hyginus
1255:of the
1171:Profile
1160:in the
903::
433:Zdeslav
350:Salerno
267:Moravia
263:liturgy
261:in the
6076:Nazism
5898:to the
5505:Jerome
5415:Origen
5098:Papacy
4857:Fimcap
4799:Marian
4719:Minims
4451:Marian
4301:Syriac
4296:Slovak
4226:Coptic
4162:Oblate
4157:Master
4152:Novice
4147:Hermit
4135:Sister
4091:Abbess
4058:Deacon
4053:Priest
4048:Parish
3991:Bishop
3961:Polity
3747:Joseph
3729:Saints
3396:Saints
3284:Nazism
2652:Pius X
2532:Paul V
2527:Leo XI
2481:Pius V
2105:Leo IX
1970:Leo VI
1965:John X
1870:Leo IV
1809:Paul I
1754:John V
1744:Leo II
1739:Agatho
1609:John I
1433:Fabian
1383:Pius I
1293:extant
1289:Tombs
1081:
1057:
1036:
1012:
943:
880:
820:
773:
749:
699:
672:
641:
366:Amalfi
358:Naples
293:, and
287:Hebrew
69:Church
6310:Popes
6178:Islam
5446:Roman
5405:Canon
5278:Peter
5226:Jesus
4955:CIDSE
4804:Youth
4528:Media
4495:Music
4420:Zaire
4400:Roman
4390:Braga
4380:Latin
4251:Greek
4123:Friar
4087:Abbot
4001:Major
3916:Index
3815:Laity
3381:Dogma
3328:Bible
3304:Islam
3260:Trent
3041:Jesus
3023:Legal
2985:Index
2441:Leo X
1960:Lando
1945:Leo V
1759:Conon
1734:Donus
1569:Leo I
1473:Caius
1393:Soter
1343:Linus
1338:Peter
1253:Popes
443:Death
362:Gaeta
354:Capua
295:Roman
291:Greek
253:King
211:into
201:Slavs
182:popes
166:Latin
6228:2023
6223:2019
6218:2016
6213:2013
6208:2011
6203:2008
6198:2005
6193:2002
6188:2000
6155:1995
5325:Acts
5288:Paul
5283:John
5258:Mary
4480:Folk
4128:Monk
3869:List
3847:Pope
3742:Mary
1503:Mark
1204:Pope
1079:ISBN
1055:ISBN
1034:ISBN
1010:ISBN
941:ISBN
878:ISBN
818:ISSN
771:ISBN
747:ISBN
697:ISBN
670:ISBN
639:ISBN
364:and
279:mass
193:Rome
136:Died
125:Rome
120:Born
35:Pope
5214:and
5164:Art
4794:Lay
4446:Art
4140:Nun
3862:of
3354:God
739:doi
6306::
4599:,
4089:,
1173:,
1140:.
1116:20
1114:,
963:.
850:.
814:10
812:.
808:.
745:,
733:,
664:.
625:^
577:^
550:^
360:,
356:,
352:,
289:,
168::
127:,
6121:)
6117:(
5048:e
5041:t
5034:v
4594:,
4078::
3967:)
3963:(
3840:)
3836:(
2966:e
2959:t
2952:v
1245:e
1238:t
1231:v
1150:.
1148:)
1087:.
1063:.
1042:.
1018:.
949:.
886:.
861:.
824:.
779:.
741::
705:.
678:.
647:.
164:(
144:)
140:(
27:.
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