Popular music of Birmingham

3826:'s later wistful laments "What kind of World", "Guardian Angel" and "Real Love". Most significant was the track "Dred Bass", released in 1994 by Asend & Ultravibe under the name Dead Dred, which managed to be highly innovative while remaining focused on the essence of jungle; its backwards bassline and skittering snare sound "constituted a landmark in jungle's development into a rhythmic psychedelia" and established the ultra-heavy bass sound that would dominate jungle for the next two years – "as complex and intelligent as any drum 'n' bass track ever made". Later Back 2 Basics work continued this trend with sparse bottom-heavy tracks such Northern Connexion's "Spanish Guitar" and Murphy's Law's even more pared-back "20 Seconds", while a set of releases placing 2632:

to 30,000 cassettes a week, often outselling mainstream top 40 acts. Groups usually featured between 5 and 8 musicians, often freely exchanging members, making one-off recordings and performing at Asian nights and weddings, with only the most successful being able to build longer-term recording and performing careers. A network of late night and weekend events at local nightclubs was supplemented by "All-dayers" that could appeal to younger fans. Bhangra musicians began experimenting with recording technology and with tracks such as Apna Sangeet's 1988 "Soho Road Utey" and DCS's 1991 "Rule Britannia" started to locate their songs within a distinctive British South Asian experience.

1381: 13442: 3800: 13394: 1377:– that would provide Led Zeppelin's harder edge and focus, and bring a more eclectic range of stylistic influences. While it remained based in blues and rock and roll conventions, the music of Led Zeppelin blended these with extreme volume and a highly experimental melodic and rhythmic approach, forging a much harder and heavier sound. This combination of intensity and finesse in Led Zeppelin's output redefined both mainstream and alternative rock music for the 1970s, particularly in the United States, where they remain the fourth-best-selling act in music history. 527: 1230: 3313:. Followed shortly after by Snapper club at the same venue, which was Jock Lee and John Maher's Friday night, along with Jock and John, DJ's such as Martin & Bear, Pretty Boy B, amongst others. This span off into bank holiday all-dayers with guests including Lee Fisher, Sacha, Carl Cox etc. Although illegal acid house parties had been popping up in Birmingham before, the first proper legal all night acid party/rave was at The Hummingbird also, and was called Biology, which was a London organisation. 1087: 1736: 3398: 1340: 3945:. All were however united by their interest in old musical technology that had previously been thought of as modern, and its use to create an ironic sense of "nostalgia for a time when people were optimistic about the future". Tim Felton of Broadcast described how they would "take that from the past, move it forward and present it", though insisting that "it's not a true realisation of the past. It's all perception and reality, which are completely different" The American 960: 730: 656: 13627: 1152: 4204: 2174:. Distancing themselves form the wider punk movement – claiming "Bands like The Fall and Subway Sect are all dead serious... and we're a laugh" – their "incredibly prescient and self-effacing sense of humor" saw them "satirize the commodification of punk with clarity, precision, and humor long before anyone else had even realized the limitations of the so-called movement." Describing the "legendary Birmingham group" the journalist 4463:, where up to 30,000 revellers of all ages listen to popular chart music. Now it has become a day for the unsigned of all genres and was brought back to life in 2013 as unsigned acts decided it was time for them to do a day of their own. The group Birmingham Promotions, a non-profit group made up of musicians, agents and promoters have come together to invest their own time and money into a day for the whole family. There is also 2696: 2316: 4086: 4132: 2831: 2241:'s successor as the voice of punk protest, but Rowland was already expressing dissatisfaction with punk's uniformity, complaining that "The original idea of punk was to be different and say what you wanted ... not just to copy everybody else". By 1978, in an early sign of the uncompromising eccentricity of Rowland's later career, the Killjoys were inspiring the hatred of punk audiences by performing 779:, who signed a contract with him as his manager, agent, publisher and producer, later recalling "The clarity and strength of his talent were striking ... his guitar technique was so clean it took a while to realize how complex it was. Influences were detectable here and there, but the heart of the music was mysteriously original". Over the following two years Drake recorded and released two albums – 1827: 4407: 2781: 3787:: an "archive of overlapping sounds from Goldie's past: Jamaican dub, Brit-soul, Detroit techno, hip-hop, and developments in jungle/drum 'n' bass", with Goldie himself crediting these eclectic musical tastes to his rootless Midlands upbringing: "in one room a kid would be playing Steel Pulse, while through the wall someone else had a Japan record on and another guy would be spinning Human League." 3721: 3091: 565:, and songs documented by other folk music collectors over the previous 70 years. These included songs of social protest and songs of everyday life referring to places in and around the city, and reflected the area's underlying native rural traditions, its industrial culture and the influence of successive waves of incomers bringing and assimilating musical traditions from elsewhere. 876: 2276:, one of the three dominant bands of the second wave of British punk, which emerged at the start of the 1980s and "took it from the art schools and into the council estates", reacting against the perceived commercialisation of earlier punk to produce music that was "brutal, fast and very aggressive". G. B. H.'s influence helped codify the raw sound that would become known as 1632: 952:-influenced but based on a set of "fairy stories for adults" he had written while still at school, and were intended as "songs about going mad, or just being a bit bonkers". The Move were notorious for their highly confrontational live act, smashing up televisions and setting off fireworks on stage, and for a period featuring a life-sized effigy of Prime Minister 2598:, and it was Bhujhangy Group's early 1970 single "Bhabiye Akh Larr Gayee" that first took the momentous step of combining traditional Asian sounds with modern western musical instruments and influences. Over the following years a network of local musicians and distributors emerged, recording in studios such as Zella in Edgbaston and distributing their work on 4572:, a record label established in 2005, which became a community organisation in 2008, and since then has concentrated on music workshops and events alongside online broadcasting. Street Soul Productions is aimed at an Alternative UK Hip Hop. It embraces a wide range of different styles, and incorporating emcees, singers, DJs, Producers and session musicians. 3509:, both of whom would briefly relocate to Birmingham. Sandwell District's sound built upon the minimalism that the earlier Birmingham sound had established as the dominant techno aesthetic of the early 2000s, but also challenged it, being characterised by a greater degree of subtlety and refinement and showing influences from wider musical genres including 28:. Birmingham's tradition of combining a highly collaborative culture with an open acceptance of individualism and experimentation dates back as far back as the 18th century, and musically this has expressed itself in the wide variety of music produced within the city, often by closely related groups of musicians, from the "rampant eclecticism" of the 3700:, dropping the drums and rhythm loops that characterised Scorn to focus entirely on looped tones and evolving textures, with songs drifting in and out as slow, steady progressions of tones, chimes and drones. Harris also released ambient and dub influenced albums under his own name in collaboration with musicians such as New York City's 2827:, which had an unusually strong gospel influence for a 1980s soul record and was to prove both a critical and commercial success. Over the next 11 years she got 8 singles in to the UK charts, and in 1990 her single "It's Gonna Be Alright" reached number 1 in the US R&B charts, an extremely rare achievement for a non-American artist. 2624:, another Birmingham bhangra band formed the late 1970s, combined bhangra with reggae, ragga, early hip-hop, soul, rock, and dance influences. By the late 1970s bhangra had become well established as a significant and distinctive cultural industry among South Asian communities both in Birmingham and in 2631:

The late 1980s and early 1990s marked the heyday of the grassroots bhangra scene. Although the music remained largely underground, with sales of bhangra albums excluded from the British charts due to the scene's separate and often informal distribution networks, successful bhangra bands could sell up

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since the age of 15 and 16. One of Britain's greatest reggae bands in terms of both critical and commercial success, and one of very few bands from outside the island to have a significant impact on reggae within Jamaica itself, Steel Pulse were also the most militant of Britain's reggae bands of the

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also marked Black Sabbath's commercial breakthrough, reaching number 1 in the UK album charts and number 8 in the US. Black Sabbath's influence is universal throughout heavy metal and its many subgenres, but their musical significance extends well beyond metal: their discovery that guitar-based music

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showcasing the breadth of the Birmingham music scene. The sleeve notes to the Decca compilation emphasised that Birmingham's characteristic musical diversity was already becoming clear: "But is there a Brum sound? This album surely proves beyond doubt that the answer is no. The reason: all the city's

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writing that "Birmingham is fast becoming the best place in the UK to look to for the most exciting new music". Although many of the scene's leading bands don't sound very similar, critics have identified a common element as how the bands "all incorporate a slightly flippant attitude to their music,

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has also highlighted the importance of Birmingham's tradition of interaction between eclectic musical cultures: "It's such a thriving place for music, it's very sort of inspirational in that sense to produce music with the mixture of different cultures in the city. I mean I was brought up in a white

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Publicity for blues parties was largely through word of mouth or over pirate radio stations and generally did not include precise details of addresses or locations, so sound systems attracted loyal but highly localised followings. Sounds would also often "play out" in neighbouring areas or challenge

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stance. The industrial basis of Birmingham society in the 1960s and 1970s was also significant: early heavy metal artists described the mechanical monotony of industrial life, the bleakness of the post-war urban environment and the pulsating sound of factory machinery as influences on the sound they

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introduced musical textures and layers previously unknown to rock through their multi-instrumental line-up and their incorporation of jazz, folk and Indian influences, becoming one of the most successful bands of the early seventies internationally, with four US Top 10 albums. The band was formed at

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as one of the most recognisable voices in British music. Although at this stage still within the R&B tradition, the music of the early Moody Blues already showed signs of the more experimental approach that would characterise their later career, with highly original musical compositions by Laine

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By this point Napalm Death had already developed the fusion of punk and metal styles described by Bullen as their objective: "we wanted that hardcore energy meeting slowed down, primitive metal riffs, and to basically marry that to a political message". The final characteristic of what would become

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influence, their appeal transcended cultural barriers to a then-unprecedented degree and although they refused to sing secular music their audience extended to white non-churchgoers across Europe. In 1969 they became the first Gospel Group to be recorded by a major record company when their classic

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was a "melting pot of styles", its "shopping list of genres" encompassing Mod, funk, Motown, classic British pop, R&B, punk, rock, and disco, while tying them all together into artful contemporary pop. to form "the perfect balance between artistic and commercial, organic and synthetic, past and

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over the course of the early and mid 1970s with Sudden later recalling that when he first saw the Sex Pistols in April 1976 "my reaction was that they sounded the same as what we were doing". Swell Maps "took punk's no-rules, do-it-yourself, destruction-of-rock promises literally" and "proceeded to

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House had been played in the City from the mid-1980s, DJ's such as Constructive Trio, Rhythm Doctor at the Powerhouse. Rhythm Doctor worked in one of the shops selling a lot of the early house 12"'s, Tempest. Frenchy (Constructive Trio) also worked in a record shop selling house – Summit Records

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in 2003 to seek a record deal in Birmingham, with the band acknowledging the city's "neon late nights" and "the romantic attraction of dark, imposing structures" as formative influences on the dark, angular atmosphere of their music. Dubbed "dark disco" for its "groove-inflected post-punk sound",

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as it was by the pioneers of American techno. Downwards would become one of the most important labels in world techno, and the "darkly reductionist" influence of its "huge slabs of unrelentingly unchanging minimalism" would be unmistakable in the development of the later techno scenes in New York

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that combined experimental music with catchy pop melodies, describing his carnivalesque vision: "I wanted to be in a band that was like a travelling circus, I didn't want to be in a band where everybody looks the same and listens to the same music... I wanted to get a band together that would be

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strain of jungle in 1993 with their stripped-down early tracks "Back 2 Basics" and "Horns 4 '94". The label and its associated producers continued to maintain their faith in "the kind of phat beats and oleaginous basslines that would harden your arteries" over the following years while the wider

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was the first drum and bass record to achieve substantial mainstream success. Moving the genre from hardcore's low-brow populism into more progressive musical territory, it was "almost universally hailed as a masterpiece upon release" and left Goldie as the genre's unofficial figurehead, for the

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There were places such as 49er's, Roccoco, Willies T Pot, Mojo, Dial B, Salvation..which played a mixture, from funk, jazz, soul through to house via hip hop and all sorts of everything. Bill, Dick used to do 49ers bar and Roccoco, and earlier Anthony's, along with Ean and Aidan, who did Mjo and

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concert in Birmingham in October 1976, later joining their band and bringing the name and several members from his previous band with him. The new band's first public gig in 1976 ended in a riot when they performed their first song "Birmingham's a Shithole", but by May 1977 they were opening The

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first developed in the mid-1950s. By the early 1960s the city's music scene had emerged as one of the largest and most vibrant in the country; a "seething cauldron of musical activity", with over 500 bands constantly exchanging members and performing regularly across a well-developed network of

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help publicise the music and parties, which help expand the scene in Birmingham. West End Bar was a major meeting place before parties, with Steve Wells and Steve Griffiths and was another important venue throughout this period of time. Electribe 101 hit the charts in 1988 with 'talking with

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of those) who'd known him in whatever way, I'd got used to thinking of him as a private thing, an artist relegated to the exclusive periphery, one for the connoisseur." By the 1980s Drake's work had gained a cult audience, which grew throughout the 1990s and by the 2000s has reached a point of

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was soon persuaded to start writing original material, and his eccentric, melodically inventive songwriting and dark, ironic sense of humour saw their first five singles all reach the UK Top 5. With their sound "placing everything in pop to date in one ultra-eclectic sonic blender", The Move

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nights such as Spectrum took place in Tamworth and at The Hummingbird in Birmingham. Land of Oz at The Dome with Paul Oakenfold and Trevor Fung in 1989 which occurred on a Wednesday night, the same night The Happy Mondays played at The Hummingbird. Pirate stations such as Fresh FM and

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and the intention "to bring to the black choir genre something that was peculiarly British." In 1978 the Irish recording engineer Les Moir first heard the "astonishingly accomplished" work of lead singer Maxine Simpson and pianist Steve Thompson, subsequently recording the 1979 album

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school, I work in a black area, and I play for a bhangra band so I've seen a lot of different cultures, and that does help the music a lot. I think that is why Birmingham is thriving musically ... because you got a lot of different cultures musically, and in everyday life."

1868:, but who came to prominence on the Birmingham music scene in 1978, holding a weekly residency at the Golden Eagle pub on Hill Street and playing as a support act for visiting punk acts playing in Birmingham. The Specials first attracted wider attention after standing in for 3125:. Although their new, ultra-fast style initially met bemusement amongst their fans, by March 1986 it had become established with a triumphant series of concerts, and in August 1986 the band recorded the demos that would later emerge as the A-side of their debut album 3534:

was one of the formative influences on early UK techno, pioneering the combination of the form and techniques of electronic dance music with the more "composerly" models of classical, industrial and experimental jazz music to form what would later become known as

4445:, and pub and bar venues including The Rainbow (Digbeth), The Bull's Head (in the suburb of Moseley), The Cross (Moseley), the Ceol Castle (Moseley), the Hare and Hounds (Kings Heath), Scruffy Murphy's, the Jug of Ale, The Queen's Arms (city centre), a branch of 3985:. It was an important early meeting place, introducing key figures to seminal influences such as the late 1960s Californian band the United States of America. The term Retro-futurism was first applied to music by Brian Duffy, who used it to refer to the music of 928:

performed across an enormous range of styles, including blues, 1950s rock 'n' roll and country and western with a particularly strong influence from hard-edged rhythmic soul, and with some of their material approaching the sound that would later be identified as

3961:, recalled how "coming to Birmingham, you suddenly realise that there's life outside of your pop or punk, and other influences start to feed in". An early review of Broadcast from 1996 described them as "laughing in the face of genres". The architectural critic 1888:". With its eerie wailing noises, stabbing brass, doom-laden middle eastern musical motifs and dub-style breaks laid over a loping reggae beat, "Ghost Town" marked the birth of the tradition of sinister-sounding British pop that would later lead to the rise of 3144:

would prove genre-defining, its "staggeringly intense" sound providing "a rallying call for what seemed like millions of bands to follow". Its influence would also extend well beyond the extreme metal and hardcore subcultures: its extensive radio airplay from

2381:, but deliberately undermining its seriousness with self-deprecating humour and jocular, punning titles. Despite being a challenging free jazz instrumental, their 1982 single "Papa's Got a Brand New Pigbag" was a major mainstream hit, reaching number 3 in the 3932:

subculture, producing music which was far more experimental in its sound, and whose relationship with the recent past was more ambiguous. The bands associated with the movement were highly varied in their style, ranging from the catchy and ethereal pop of

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observed, Birmingham was "one of the few places left in Britain where it's still possible for a white man to get into a shebeen without wearing a blue uniform and kicking the door down". The result was a free exchange of influence and support between the

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later recalled that it was Degville's influence that led to his own relocation to the West Midlands in 1978: "he wasn't like the other punks, he was wearing stiletto heels and had a massive bleached quiff and huge padded shoulders. He looked brilliant."

1503:, who moved beyond the early sound of the metal genre in the later 1970s, combining the doom-laden gothic feel of Black Sabbath with the fast, riff-based sound of Led Zeppelin, while adding their own distinctive two-guitar cutting edge. Their 1978 album 2574:. By the 1980s Birmingham was well-established as the global centre of bhangra music production and bhangra culture, which despite remaining on the margins of the British mainstream has grown into a global cultural phenomenon embraced by members of the 3543:, Germ later developed into a collaboration with other musicians including trombonist Hilary Jeffrey, double-bassist Matt Miles, and producer John Dalby. In 1998 Wright and Jeffreys became founder members of the Birmingham-based spin-off project 2814:

female artist of all time, and the first to have six consecutive Top 20 hits. Success in the United States followed with her single "Ain't Nobody" spending five weeks at number 1 in the US dance charts in 1994. Also brought up in Handsworth was

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calculated that in 1964 there were over 500 groups operating within the city. Birmingham was a bigger and more diverse city than Liverpool, however, that was never subject to a single controlling influence such as that exercised by Liverpool's

1683:, who met at a blues party, later recalled "Blues would took place everywhere. You only had to go out in Lozells or down the Soho Rd, there was loads going on, you could stand and listen to the music coming out of the houses, pubs and clubs." 886:

In the late 1960s the extreme eclecticism of Birmingham's musical culture saw the emergence of several highly original bands who would each develop new and distinctive pop sonorities, between them establishing many of the archetypes of the

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While there is a thriving music scene in the city and a number of rehearsal studios such as Robannas, Rich Bitch and Madhouse (many of which have their own demo recording studios) there are very few working at a professional level. Until

3298:& Tapes as well as being involved in radio. Pretty B Boy (constructive Trio) had his own record shop opposite St Martin's Church. Mixmaster (constructive Trio) was, as his name suggests, a master of the mix, and also worked in radio. 4545:

opened its 3,000-square-foot (280 m) facility in 2007, aside from private studios in the hands of UB40 and Ocean Colour Scene and smaller studios such as Artisan Audio, there was no high-end recording studio operating in Birmingham.

3453:, which differed from the techno of Detroit and Berlin through being stripped almost entirely of its bassline funk, leaving only the cold mechanical drive of its metallic percussion arrangements. Most closely identified with the city's 1395:, whose origins lay as a band playing blues and rock and roll covers within the mainstream Birmingham music scene of the 1960s. From 1969 onwards they moved away from the traditional structures of rock and roll music entirely, using 3131:

in an overnight session at Selly Oak's Rich Bitch studios. By the time the B-side of the album was recorded 7 months later the band's personnel had changed almost completely, with Bullen and Broadrick leaving and being replaced by

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Oscillate was more about live electronic music performances than DJs playing records and it quickly became the centre of a network of producers and other musical collaborators. The group most closely associated with the club was

4065:, while continuing to produce identifiable pop songs. Although they largely eschewed mainstream commercial success, they acquired a large and international cult following and were cited as an influence by artists as diverse as 791:– of understated but harmonically complex songs that owed as much to jazz as to folk traditions, but which sold poorly, partly due to his acute shyness and increasing reluctance to perform live. Drake slipped into a period of 422:", which knocked The Beatles off the number 1 position in the UK in January 1966. Two more UK hit singles followed during 1966 alongside two highly successful albums, before the November 1966 release of their own composition " 2036:

create some of the most challenging, foreign, distinctive, and truly rebellious music of recent decades". Although never more than a cult success, they were to be highly influential in the emergence of the next generation of

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in the United Kingdom during the 1960s, and certainly the largest, attracting an audience that regularly reached 500 people a week. Other notable Birmingham folk clubs during the mid-1960s included the Eagle Folk Club at the

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achieved greater recognition for their highly individual and experimental sound, influenced by jazz, soul and French orchestral pop, with their 1984 single "Soul Train" reaching the Top 20 and becoming a classic of its day.

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It was in 1963 and 1964 that Birmingham's existing largely underground music scene began to attract national and international attention. The first single to be released commercially by a Birmingham band was "Sugar Baby" by

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as "an ambassador between the parallel worlds of what happened and what might have been", noting that she was "interested in memory less for nostalgic reasons and more for the world and lives it distorted and rewrote."

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they brought the new sound decisively into the commercial mainstream. Judas Priest came to epitomise heavy metal more than any other band, with the look of motorbikes, leather, studs and spikes adopted by lead singer

3438:, that would be instrumental in introducing Detroit techno to British and European audiences over the following years. The importance of Rushton to the emergence of techno was acknowledged in 2011 by Detroit pioneer 1900:, and the song's despairing portrait of the collapse of Britain's cities come to symbolise the era, with its nihilistic line "can't go on no more ... the people getting angry" seeming retrospectively prophetic. 1719:

scenes. A close-knit core community of musicians emerged, combining varied musical influences with a commitment to a common goal. Birmingham bands were showing the influence of Jamaican music as early as 1968, when

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techniques. Oscillate incorporated these new sounds with surrounding visual effects to create what it called "heliocentric atmospheres", becoming "The club of the moment, making waves far beyond the Midlands".

1596:. Blues parties were unlicensed gatherings usually held in empty private houses, where visitors paid on the door and electricity was often wired in from outside street lighting. Early Birmingham blues played 12298:""Synaesthetic jumbles of sights and sounds: nursery rhymes and test card music refracted through the rainy daytime, off-school ennui of pre-Freeview Britain." Broadcast, Pram, Plone and Novak in the 1990s." 3965:

has also linked the scene to Birmingham's unique recent history, as the booming economy and futuristic rebuilding of the postwar era gave way to the economic collapse and melancholic cityscape of the 1980s.

3087:, and performing at The Mermaid for the first time in October 1985. Napalm Death soon became almost the house band at the Mermaid, with their growing local following ensuring good crowds for visiting bands. 2974:

poll. Although her debut album has been commended for being "full blown soul" rather than "pop with the occasional soul leanings", it has brought in a far wider range of influences, including the hook-laden

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in the size of its global following, and which bears many hallmarks of its Birmingham origins. The city's location in the centre of England meant that its music scene was influenced both by the London-based

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grow as a musical influence. British bhangra became increasingly important within India itself, influencing both traditional folk music of the Punjab and wider cultural phenomena such as the music of the

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in 1966, but soon including a business importing and selling recordings of traditional music from India and Pakistan. In 1969 OSA established a record label to record the work of local Birmingham bands

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signed the band on the spot after hearing them at the Golden Eagle pub on Hill Street in April 1964, and after four minor hits in late 1964 and early 1965 they broke through with their late 1965 single

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joined as the bass player later in 1969, and by 1972 the two Birmingham musicians were the band's only remaining members, holding the group together over the following years of rapid personnel change.

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record label, which quickly grew an international roster of artists to become "the premier outlet for forward-thinking dub productions", building links with wider scenes including German and Austrian

3521:. Sandwell District would in turn to create a major shift in world techno and influence another generation of techno musicians. By the time that it announced its "glorious death" in 2012 the American 1003:" as the best psychedelic single of the 1960s. The Craig dissolved later that year, but Palmer was to become the leading drummer of the progressive rock era worldwide as a member of groups including 3688:, creating "a dark digital domain where fancy danceable beats pop under thick clouds of textured samples, deep bass and minimal muted vocals"; that redefined ambient dub by moving away from generic 24:

venues and promoters. By 1963 the city's music was also already becoming recognised for what would become its defining characteristic: the refusal of its musicians to conform to any single style or

10173: 2078:. Although only loosely connected with punk they were considered to be Birmingham's finest live band of the era and built a strong local following, becoming the subject of a legendary epidemic of 775:. Having had a musical childhood, with a mother who wrote songs and performed them on the piano, at Cambridge Drake began to write and perform his own compositions. In 1968 he was discovered by 3539:, becoming "one of the most influential, under-recognized forces of innovation in the European experimental electronic music scene". Originally a solo project of the Birmingham-born musician 2769:, which would prove groundbreaking for UK Gospel music. The Majestic Singers were instrumental in developing the culture of Gospel music nationwide, promoting the formation groups in London, 5520: 2221:, perversely moving in an increasingly punk direction for their series of singles, that were re-released on three compilation albums in 2001 and 2002. Of wider long term significance were 1276:, allowing it to apply Liverpool's harmonically inventive approach to London's high-volume guitar-dominated style, in the process moving beyond the conventions of both. Birmingham's local 683:, generally considered the most important album both of Fairport Convention as a band and of the folk rock genre as a whole. Swarbrick's former colleague from the Ian Campbell Folk Group 12407: 43:

This diversity and culture of experimentation has made Birmingham a fertile birthplace of new musical styles, many of which have gone on to have a global influence. During the 1960s the

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bands at the venue in late 1984 and it quickly become an essential stop for touring punk bands and a focal point for fans from all over the country. Napalm Death was formed in nearby

3893:, who commented that it was "impossible to imagine how that decade might have sounded without it", and he would make four further albums over the following years, including the 2004 1647:, allowing the more prominent outfits to attract wider attention – during the 1970s and 1980s the better-known Handsworth sounds would attract visitors from as far afield as London, 2802:

was one of the most popular British R&B acts of the 1980s with a string of hits including "Could It Be I'm Falling in Love," "Round and Round" and "Set Me Free". Brought up in

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cutting machine. The style of music also had precedents among earlier local bands: aggressive performing styles had been a characteristic of the wild and destructive stage shows of

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mixed the influence of English pop, American soul and European dance music and met critical acclaim and some commercial success within the UK, but it was their 1989 second album,

636: 449: 195: 2937:, released after taking time away from music to raise her first daughter, which catapulted her to stardom, being accompanied by three Top 5 hit singles and seeing her win four 822:

wrote how "During the eighties I drifted away from the music scene. When I returned, I was surprised to find that Nick Drake was becoming famous. Like most of those (make that

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made the Top 50 in September 1964 with "I Didn't Mean to Hurt You" and reached number 3 in October with "He's in Town", both songs featuring the distinctive falsetto vocals of

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released a single EP in 1979, their self-deprecating style illustrated by their two most popular songs: the self-explanatory "We're Crap", and "W.M.P.T.E." – a tribute to the

9686: 12974: 2312:, Birmingham produced a far more varied range of music that while often successful, influential and highly original, showed few signs of forming a single cohesive movement. 3031:

later remembered: "it was really just a shitty pub in a really shitty area, which just meant that you could get away with a lot more." Promoter Daz Russell started booking

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was formed in 1991 by the former punk Richard "DJ Dick" Whittingham and former rock & roller Glyn Bush, who'd both fallen under the influence of Jamaican dub pioneers

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as "something approaching drum 'n' bass as played live and acoustic by idiot savants". Dangerfield belongs in the tradition of genre-defying Birmingham bands such as the

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that would later emerge in the 1980s. The Prefects had no interest in making records, their sole recorded output being a single released after they had split up, and two

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the city was a "seething cauldron of musical activity", with several hundred groups whose memberships, names and musical activities were in a constant state of flux. The

11045: 2158:" tour at London's Rainbow Theatre, perfecting a "shambling, improvisational" repertoire that included the 10-second "I've got VD", a highly original interpretation of " 9647: 4496:, first piloted in March 2006 and now annual on the first weekend of November in Digbeth. It was a festival celebrating local independent music from the West Midlands. 445: 227: 183: 12018: 3603:, established at Oscillate by its founder Bobby Bird in May 1992 to improvise live tracks between records, releasing their first track on Beyond's first compilation 3442:: "The guy discovered us. We were making music, but he brought us together and unified us and gave us the opportunity to attack the world and send our message out." 2992: 441: 437: 2233:

and grew out of an earlier band called Lucy and the Lovers in 1976. The success of their wild and snarling first single "Johnny won't go to Heaven" in 1977 saw the

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in 1980 they attracted little attention beyond the city and broke up a year later, but in carrying the influence of glam through the punk era they would influence

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Birmingham's divergence from the national mainstream was partly driven by the city's inherently eclectic musical culture. Rosie Cuckston of Pram, originally from

2610:, bands such as Bhujhangy Group continued to experiment with integrating western music such as guitars into their sound. Newer groups began to take this further: 1365:, marking an explicit combination of the musical influences of the two cities. The Yardbirds had extended the instrumental textures of the blues through extended 6858: 4464: 3810: 1435:, their second album, refined and focused this model, and in the process "defined the sound and style of heavy metal more than any other album in rock history". 11934: 8217: 4557:, which is the original 'dance music finder' in the UK and now trades as one of the largest vinyl record and DJ shops in the world. Summit Records sells mainly 3769:

and the following year released "Angel", the track which marked the start of the demise of the dark sound he had earlier epitomised, incorporating samples from

13476: 12750: 11999: 4554: 4392: 3823: 1690:

music that was unique, remaining far less segregated from the white music scene than was the case in London. White and black musicians could routinely be seen

4045:, who formed in 1995 and of all the Birmingham retrofuturist bands were the most directly influenced by 1960s psychedelia. Fronted by the ethereal vocals of 2983:

Broadcast as well as the Gospel sound inherited from her time with Black Voices, creating a "sonic space all of her own" that has been dubbed "Gospeldelia".

2591: 3781:

in a more musical direction without losing its essence. In 1995 he took this fusion approach to its ultimate conclusion with the release of his debut album

2731:, whose resulting documentary "The Colony" was to give the first media exposure to black working-class music in Britain. With their repertoire ranging from 1711:

of the city's Jamaican-influenced musical culture and local bands of all races and genres, with particularly close relationships growing between the city's

11095: 4530: 4353: 3639: 2397:-revival sound between 1984 and 1986, briefly establishing a reputation as "one of England's most exciting bands of the '80s" and recording a high-profile 649: 430:" were top 10 hits on both sides of the Atlantic selling over a million copies and adding a huge fanbase in America to their existing European popularity. 3079:

while Napalm Death temporarily ground to a halt. The band resumed activities in 1985 with Broadrick on guitar, increasingly coming under the influence of

989:'s unpredictable and angular drumming. This record has since come to be recognised as one of the earliest examples of British psychedelia, being voted by 4516: 4512: 3466: 3347: 818:

Virtually unknown at his death, Drake has since become one of the greatest examples of an artist achieving posthumous fame and influence. The journalist

393:

sound that "stood with any of the gritty hardcore soul music coming out of the American South". Driven by the "astoundingly soulful" vocals of the young

203: 2472:

was designing and selling clothes from his own stall on Birmingham's Oasis fashion market and had become a legendary figure on Birmingham's club scene.

12111: 2757: 9745: 5357: 2949:

stood out from other contemporary British R&B albums in its acknowledgment its British cultural roots and context, and included the title track "

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include Swordfish Records, Tempest Records, Jibbering Records, Punch Records, Old School Daze, Dance Music Finder Records, Three Shades Records and

2640:

in particular developed a global cultural resonance, symbolising the specific cultural social and political space occupied by British South Asians.

2468:, whose influence was to ensure that Birmingham didn't wholly conform to the uniform punk aesthetic that dominated the rest of the country. By 1977 1823:'s edgy, unique take on reggae that combined British and Jamaican influences as "revolutionary, their sound unlike anything else on either island". 10962: 9143: 4542: 4333: 4041:

elements and unusual instrumentation including glockenspiels, toy pianos and a Hawaiian bubble machine. The best known exponents of the scene were

506:

on 13 January 1963. The show was best known for its catchphrase "Oi'll give it foive!", which entered nationwide consciousness as sixteen-year-old

11689: 3153:

Top 10 and the textures of its "unrelenting, intense sound" would attract the attention of exponents of wider experimental musical styles such as

1019:; developing a drumming style of a speed, dexterity and complexity that completely transcended the more traditional rock drumming of artists like 12167: 4187:, on an album that featured an orchestra, a colliery band, a guitar being played with an electric drill, a brass section and a song described by 3611:

and began to take their experimental live act around the country. Also associated with Beyond Records and performing regularly at Oscillate were

2679: 2674:

Birmingham's importance in worldwide Bhangra is partly a result of its widespread connections to other areas of South Asian culture, both on the

2575: 166:

Many performers who would be influential in the later growth of Birmingham music emerged during this era. Danny King had been receiving American

13316: 10074: 2334: 11737: 3867:

to imitate their more successful American counterparts, by rapping about the everyday details of English suburban existence in a recognisable

2870:" was also a major international hit. He followed this with two further multi-platinum selling records over the course of the decade – 1986's 2145:, originally calling themselves the Church of England, later The Gestapo and finally – on the suggestion of Royston – The Prefects. Lloyd met 13650: 11280: 4524: 4260:

not concentrating on polishing their records to perfection, but playing for the joy of creating music and for entertaining their audiences."

3986: 3335: 2810:, she was spotted by a talent scout singing for a jazz-funk band in.1983. By the end of the 1980s she was established as the most successful 1581: 13383: 4768: 3970: 3547:

which sought to combine electronic music with organic instrumentation. Wright has also released more dancefloor focused work as Tube Jerk.

2194: 1660: 10836: 2931:

in 2000, which met with modest commercial success and was accompanied by four singles which each made the Top 40. It was her second album

9113: 4442: 3819: 2190: 2178:

later wrote "The Prefects were always one of the most hermetic and confrontational groups. They spared no one, least of all the public."

1051:. By 1967 Lynne was clearly the band's leader, shaping its sound and direction and writing its original material. Their 1968 debut album 974: 427: 11778: 6125: 1724:

had a minor UK hit with the ska single "Rudi's in Love", and, by 1969, ska nights at Birmingham City Centre clubs were attracting early

12858: 3023:. The Mermaid was a run-down inner-city pub whose upstairs room would host bands that would not be booked by more commercial venues in 2443:

that propelled them to international stardom, reaching number 1 in the UK, the US and Australia and producing two US number 1 singles.

12697: 3887:, while featuring a characteristically Brummie self-deprecating humour. His debut album was declared to be the album of the 2000s by 2614:

successfully fused bhangra music with rock, using only keyboards, electric guitar and a western drum kit in place of the traditional

2197:

in 1978 called them "a shambles", concluding "every town should have one band like The Sussed. Any town with two is in dead trouble"

1672: 456:", which reached number 1 in the UK and number 10 in the US, and whose "soulful, agonized" vocal performance established lead singer 371: 12785: 6721:"Factory Music: How the Industrial Geography and Working-Class Environment of Post-War Birmingham Fostered the Birth of Heavy Metal" 1349:

Critics disagree over which band can be thought of as the first true heavy metal band, with American commentators tending to favour

174:

recordings by mail order from the United States since 1952, and soon afterwards began to perform covers of songs by artists such as

12511: 11310: 5692: 1841:

In the late 1970s, under the influence of punk rock, the casually multi-ethnic ska culture emerged into a coherent movement called

1221:

worked for that company and it is one of the reasons why he introduced that instrument in the band, giving its very typical sound.

1053: 12989: 10988: 9173: 13588: 13527: 9772: 9519: 4520: 2662:

The late 1990s and early 21st century saw DJs, sampling and remixing gradually increase in importance in Birmingham bhangra and

632: 347: 1035:, the most important Birmingham band of the 1960s not to achieve significant commercial success, who formed from the remains of 9950: 3422: 10024: 3203:

In 1991 Mick Harris also left Napalm Death to pursue more experimental musical directions, teaming up with Nik Bullen to form

1923:

music as well as rock, ska and reggae, creating an atmosphere of jittery tension and paranoia that aligned it more closely to

12606: 3761:

tracks in the early 1990s, including 1992's "Terminator", arguably the pivotal track of the entire scene. In 1992 he founded

1788:

stood out from its peers in its political commitment and is still considered one of the landmark releases of British reggae.

419: 13441: 13361: 1576:

immigrants from 1948 and throughout the 1950s. With black music and black audiences often excluded from mainstream clubs in

12459: 12047: 11563: 2761: 12259: 11510: 9828: 5093: 4648: 3647:

and "redefined dub for the acid house generation", going some way to establish the sound that would later become known as

3172:, but again grew to feel increasingly constrained by their one-dimensional approach. In 1988 he left to form his own band 2201:

were best known for their classic debut single, the "double b side" "N.M.E."/"The Only Sound", that became a favourite of

13466: 13426: 9205: 7599: 4562: 1517:

from the metal sound and taking it to new levels of power, speed, malevolence and musicality. By 1979 and the release of

677:

joined the band in 1969, his knowledge of traditional music becoming the biggest single influence on the following album

502:

between 1961 and 1966, was a major showcase for British pop music of the period, hosting the network television debut of

12381: 8025: 4007:

were the scene's first major group, forming in 1988, with their early sound being limited to vocals and an accompanying

3566:. While the rest of Britain was dominated by rave, Birmingham developed an underground scene combining the practices of 3426:

that first identified techno as a distinct musical genre, also being responsible for giving the genre its name, and his

1073:, but little commercial auccess, being too ambitious to gain mass popularity. When their more accessible 1969 follow-up 436:

were also originally primarily an R&B band, formed in May 1964 with musicians from other Birmingham bands including

13630: 13301: 13276: 13249: 13229: 13202: 13178: 13153: 13106: 13088: 13070: 13045: 13016: 12948: 12583: 11837: 10813: 10776: 10684: 10324: 10287: 9396: 8864: 8840: 8809: 8776: 8528: 8480: 8194: 8161: 8112: 8002: 7803: 7746: 7701: 7668: 7574: 7541: 7508: 7475: 7388: 7365: 7305: 7275: 7244: 7211: 7178: 7141: 6942: 6697: 6652: 6591: 6541: 6466: 6435: 6402: 6369: 6336: 6303: 6270: 6237: 6102: 6065: 5950: 5863: 5830: 5670: 5633: 5554: 5479: 5421: 5334: 5218: 5194: 5164: 4976: 4927: 4877: 4815: 4369: 3445:

Over the following decade Birmingham would become synonymous with British techno and established alongside Detroit and

2300:

During the late 1970s and early 1980s Birmingham was the home of a "vibrant but infamously fragmented and undervalued"

490: 426:" – the group's masterpiece and one of the great recordings of the 1960s. This and its 1967 Winwood-written follow up " 316: 10912: 10711: 10251: 2304:

scene. While other English cities produced identifiable scenes with unified sounds, such as the synth-pop pioneers of

1896:. More significant still were the song's lyrics: the day before "Ghost Town" reached number 1, Britain's inner cities 12193: 3778: 2895: 2032: 1884:", which quickly became an underground hit and started a run of seven consecutive top 10 hits culminating in 1981's " 1762:

1970s with a reputation for uncompromising political ferocity. During their early years their music carried distinct

3562:

for their series of compilation albums documenting the music of the scene that had grown around the Birmingham club

13603: 13376: 4470: 2882:– and series of singles between 1986 and 1990 that all reached number 1 in the American singles charts, including " 2082:

throughout the city and surrounding area and regularly selling out Friday nights at the city's leading punk venue

7270:, The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Rock History, vol. 6, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, pp. 201–202, 231, 2899: 2439: 2162:", and their most well-regarded track, the 10-minute "The Bristol Road leads to Dachau", an early example of the 1510: 1004: 13325: 12073: 11974: 9359: 6720: 6029: 3302:

Willie's T pot. Nathan dj'd at 49er's around this time, playing everything from Prince to House and Balearic.

13608: 13573: 13431: 13421: 13416: 12646: 9022: 6768: 6148: 4396: 3898: 3757:, London, New York City and Miami. He first built his reputation as a producer with a series of groundbreaking 3692:

synthesiser elements and creating a sound much darker than that associated with Oscilllate. Harris' records as

1885: 481:

at the time; and the zen-like repetition and rhythmic complexity of their piano parts prefiguring their future

409:, the band started off playing R&B covers but achieved their greatest success with their own compositions. 363: 10147: 1120:

at the height of their success to pursue more adventurous musical directions, joining together with guitarist

739:

Of all of the folk musicians from the Birmingham area, the one with the greatest long-term influence would be

13553: 13522: 12631: 10225: 4527: 3540: 3469:, Birmingham techno's characteristic hard, fast and uncompromising style was influenced as much by the local 2515: 844: 10861: 4218:

Another Birmingham band whose music is characterised by complex arrangements and unusual instrumentation is

694:

was the first British woman to have significant commercial success in the field of folk music and the first

271:. Instead the city's music was characterised by a "rampant eclecticism", its style ranging from traditional 267:; and as a result Birmingham's bands never conformed to a single homogenous sound comparable to Liverpool's 13563: 13517: 9751: 7035: 5365: 4365: 4062: 3431: 2606:

receptive to musical innovation and experiencing a wide range of music in multi-cultural districts such as

2434: 2393:

also stood outside the post-punk mainstream, marrying witty and highly political lyrics to a stripped-down

1845:, which featured politically charged lyrics, multi-racial bands, and musical influences including Jamaican 665:

Two Birmingham musicians from the Ian Campbell Folk Group would become key exponents in the development of

627:

recording ever to be released, and in 1965 they were the first group outside the United States to record a

568: 12297: 12236: 12219: 8243: 5358:"Clint Warwick – Bassist with the original line-up of the Moody Blues on their transatlantic hit 'Go Now'" 3527:

magazine could write that "Sandwell District's influence on underground techno can hardly be overstated."

13456: 13369: 11341: 5722: 2891: 2130: 343: 9856: 9151: 7327: 5886: 3792:

first time establishing an English figure with a profile that could match that of the stars of American

3290:, Roc1, Mad Flow, Creative Habits, Lord Laing, Fraudulent Movements, and DJ Sparra (twice winner of the 2917:

and a half-brother later convicted of a gangland murder. Signed to a record deal at 15 after sending an

2727:

group to make an impact in Britain. In 1964 they came to the attention of the Birmingham radio producer

2659:'s 1994 single "Chura Liya" was the first Asian language record to enter the British mainstream top 20. 13543: 13461: 11700: 11405: 11046:"Silent Servant on the making of his new album and 'the feeling that shit could blow up at any minute'" 4473:

has been in Birmingham annually since 2003, hosting experimental and unusual music, with bands such as

4426: 3630: 3600: 3310: 3196:, and paving the way for the later mainstream success of more accessible examples of the genre such as 2206: 1656: 1133: 904: 219: 140: 11429: 10199: 9927: 5260: 3501:, initially a label and later an international production collective that included the New York-based 2602:

through local pubs and electrical goods shops. With a young and culturally self-confident audience of

51:

sound that "stood with any of the gritty hardcore soul music coming out of the American South", while

8544: 4478: 3127: 2933: 2803: 2728: 2716: 2633: 2607: 2246: 1956: 1695: 1585: 1380: 982: 967: 933: 796: 703: 550: 9880: 9722: 9046: 2460:

scene – "the only one outside of London that ever really mattered" – lay in the 1975 opening of the

1907:, who formed in 1978 with the intention of mixing punk's "high energy" with the "fluid movement" of 1403:

forms and creating an entirely new set of musical codes based on multi-sectional design, unresolved

13578: 13497: 10001: 9978: 6005: 5794: 4429:, The CBSO Centre, The Glee Club, The Adrian Boult Hall at Birmingham Conservatoire, The Yardbird, 4192: 3855: 3435: 3331: 2950: 2652: 2461: 1572:

Birmingham's booming post-war economy made it the main area alongside London for the settlement of

1195: 1156: 1012: 718: 308: 11288: 9384: 3619:, who built on an ambient dub foundation with samples and elements from Eastern and Arabic music. 3558:

was born as a genre in Birmingham in 1992, when the term was used by the city's independent label

1803:, is still considered to be one of the biggest and most popular songs within the subgenre. Later, 452:. By November they had secured a major international hit with their multi-million selling single " 13512: 13502: 13481: 10634: 9070: 8631: 6203: 5521:"Ian Campbell: Musician whose politically charged band led the British folk revival of the 1960s" 4569: 4361: 4167:

as marking "the rebirth of sweeping, experimental British rock music", combining influences from

4074: 3850: 3835: 3799: 3783: 3536: 2887: 2740: 2422: 2414: 1932: 1904: 1708: 1613: 1541: 1117: 772: 588: 386: 382:

groups, including those heard on this LP, are striving to achieve some degree of individuality."

359: 12408:"Trish Keenan: Singer who made beguiling, bewitching music with the experimental band Broadcast" 10099: 10050: 9229: 8496: 3211:

influence to bear on music that resembled Napalm Death slowed down to a crawl, forming a hybrid

2953:", a cathartic song about surviving domestic violence that peaked at number 2 in the UK charts. 2585:, established by Muhammad Ayub as a small shop selling transistor radios on the Moseley Road in 1357:. Led Zeppelin formed in 1968 and was made up of two London-based musicians, one of whom was in 799:, returning to his parents’ home in Tanworth, from where he was to record his bleak final album 307:, released by Decca on 23 March 1962. The first Birmingham-based band to have a Top 10 hit were 13598: 12975:"Cultural Production in the British Bhangra Music Industry: Music-Making, Locality, and Gender" 11868: 10310: 9774:

I'm still here darlin ... Celebrating over 30 years in the music industry with Jaki Graham

6638: 6227: 4373: 4196: 4159: 3750: 3486: 3439: 3291: 3036: 3024: 2910: 2867: 2582: 2496: 2481: 2226: 2222: 1577: 584: 389:, which fused its members' varied backgrounds in folk, blues, jazz and soul into a wholly new 367: 324: 144: 88: 12569: 11829: 11823: 10799: 10670: 10277: 9121: 8657: 8472: 8466: 8184: 8147: 7736: 7691: 7564: 7465: 7351: 7291: 7170: 7164: 6581: 6359: 6326: 6088: 6055: 5853: 5656: 5411: 5186: 5180: 4917: 4801: 1920: 1540:

coming to define heavy metal's visual style. They were to form the essential link between the

13558: 13507: 13411: 13391: 13188: 12671: 11786: 11480: 10766: 9456: 8102: 7992: 7793: 7654: 7531: 7498: 7234: 7197: 7131: 6932: 6687: 6425: 6392: 6293: 6260: 5938: 5820: 5623: 5324: 4867: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4114: 3946: 3916:

While the music of the rest of Britain during the 1990s was dominated by the straightforward

3570:

with the influence of local black and Asian music, particularly the production techniques of

3327: 3068: 2963:

came to national attention in 2013, being nominated for both the Critics Choice award at the

2927: 2872: 2603: 2063: 1784: 1531: 1525: 1413: 768: 355: 304: 148: 12934: 11456: 11232: 10888: 9805: 8880: 5912: 5700: 5569: 4843: 4613: 4417:

Birmingham's current music venues – large and small – include Symphony Hall at the ICC, The

4103:

that spread across Europe and America during the first years of the 21st century. Formed in

465:; live four-part harmonies that were far more expansive than anything used by bands such as 12705: 12485: 11662: 11638: 10936: 7441: 7417: 4992: 4325: 4025:

that dominated alternative music at the time, instead anticipating later developments like

3994: 3697: 3587: 3523: 3382: 2878: 2838: 2534:

were other notable rock bands founded in the city and its surrounding area in this period.

2410: 2323: 2185:" in October 1976 led to a wave of punk bands in Birmingham as in the rest of the country. 1971:

and who was recruited to the band after being discovered playing jazz in a Handsworth pub.

1916: 1842: 708: 698:

woman to enjoy international success in any musical genre. Born on the Caribbean island of

576: 336: 250:

By the 1960s Birmingham had become the home of a popular music scene comparable to that of

10174:"Laura Mvula might be about to play Glastonbury but she's never been to a festival before" 8051: 7968: 7329:

Exclusive interview - DJ Muggs on Getting Robbed at Gunpoint and Getting Banned From 'SNL'

6507: 5387: 4467:(since 2006), which takes place in Moseley Park and mixes new with established folk acts. 2790:

During the 1980s the West Midlands lay at the centre of the development of a recognisably

8: 13613: 13583: 13292:

Toynbee, Jason (2005), "Birmingham", in Shepherd, John; Horn, David; Laing, Dave (eds.),

12726: 11591: 8075: 5745: 4381: 4119: 3998: 3904: 3502: 3059:. First adopting their name and a settled line-up in late 1981, they produced and traded 2849: 2795: 2675: 2543: 2535: 1767: 1205:

Birmingham-based tape recorder company, Bradmatic Ltd helped develop and manufacture the

920: 670: 538: 478: 259: 44: 12519: 11316: 9418: 9333: 8301: 3309:

scene with Lee Fisher and John Slowly's Hypnosis on a Thursday night at the Hummingbird

3259:

The hip hop scene dates back to at least 1980, and has produced popular performers like

3019:, the most influential and commercially successful band of all of the various genres of 899:, formed in December 1965 by musicians from several existing Birmingham bands including 397:, accompanied by his own searing keyboard style, the pounding bass riffs of his brother 13568: 11256: 10996: 10123: 9181: 6743: 4317: 4269: 4124: 3462: 3402: 3370: 3366: 2531: 2409:

The most successful of Birmingham's eclectic soul- and jazz-influenced post-punks were

2186: 1897: 1655:. Notable Birmingham sound systems whose reputations extended beyond the city included 864: 723: 612: 554: 470: 239: 12433: 11614: 9781: 7826: 7107: 1316:'s loss of the ends of two fingers on his right hand in an industrial accident with a 652:

on Hill Street and the Skillet Pot Club above the Old Contemptibles on Livery Street.

526: 13548: 13310: 13297: 13272: 13245: 13225: 13219: 13198: 13174: 13149: 13102: 13084: 13066: 13041: 13012: 12944: 12625: 12579: 11833: 10809: 10772: 10739: 10680: 10320: 10283: 9688:

The Majestic Singers: The British gospel choir who paved the way for others to follow

9392: 8939: 8860: 8836: 8805: 8772: 8524: 8476: 8190: 8157: 8108: 7998: 7799: 7742: 7697: 7664: 7570: 7537: 7504: 7471: 7361: 7301: 7271: 7240: 7207: 7174: 7137: 6938: 6747: 6693: 6648: 6587: 6537: 6462: 6431: 6398: 6365: 6332: 6299: 6266: 6233: 6098: 6061: 5946: 5859: 5826: 5666: 5629: 5550: 5502: 5475: 5417: 5330: 5214: 5190: 5160: 4972: 4923: 4873: 4811: 4550: 4456: 4341: 4184: 4142: 4135: 4100: 4013: 3978: 3974: 3660: 3575: 3498: 3454: 3240: 3189: 2976: 2856:, returned as a solo artist in the 1980s with a hugely successful synthesiser-driven 2508: 2182: 2159: 1721: 1679:, the most influential British toaster of the 1980s. The founders of the reggae band 1621: 1252: 1180: 1137: 1075: 945: 929: 888: 748: 640: 423: 378: 179: 60: 59:

by "putting everything in pop up to that point in one ultra-eclectic sonic blender".

56: 11163: 11071: 9956: 4222:

whose lo-fi folk-influenced indie music is inspired by its founder Lawrence Becko's

4033:, and their musical palette broadened rapidly over subsequent releases to encompass 3969:

The roots of Birmingham's retro-futurist scene lay in the mid 1980s. The club night

2848:, who had been one of the leading figures of Birmingham music in the 1960s with the 1179:. Their lone eponymous album was released in January 1969, and re-released on CD by 12330: 11123: 11021: 9903: 8435: 6735: 5233: 4677: 4460: 4438: 4430: 4285: 4154: 4042: 3990: 3934: 3709: 3567: 3470: 3458: 3450: 3406: 3355: 3224: 3220: 3193: 3185: 3140:, and only Harris remaining from the earlier line up. Despite this, the release of 3098: 3094: 3076: 3072: 3064: 3052: 3028: 2964: 2732: 2712: 2700: 2599: 2402: 2390: 2382: 2265: 2218: 2037: 2012: 1948: 1601: 1431: 1400: 1168: 892: 828: 781: 744: 691: 659: 558: 482: 390: 370:, had three UK hits in 1965: "Funny How Love Can Be", "That's Why I'm Crying" and " 320: 280: 234:

around the same time, spending the summer of 1957 busking on pleasure boats on the

191: 160: 156: 120: 112: 48: 37: 12808: 11209: 11186: 10586: 9980:

Steve Winwood – While You See a Chance – Composed by Steve Winwood / Will Jennings

7012: 5771: 3859:

marked a major change in British music, moving beyond both the retro guitar-based

3219:, however, Scorn's work had lost its metal elements and was increasingly based on 1229: 944:, with establishing the childlike pastoral vision that would characterise English 63:

was born in the city in the early 1970s by combining the melodic pop influence of

13266: 13239: 13192: 13143: 13035: 12938: 12573: 10803: 10674: 10314: 8799: 8766: 8151: 7658: 7355: 7295: 7201: 6642: 6092: 5660: 4805: 4500: 4434: 4255: 4188: 3531: 3427: 3351: 3283: 3271: 3260: 3197: 3184:– sounded unlike any other music up to that point, establishing the new genre of 3040: 2749: 2736: 2644: 2595: 2559: 2555: 2504: 2487:

played a significant role in rock music in the city, particularly in the case of

2469: 2214: 2091: 2083: 2049: 1960: 1873: 1754: 1519: 1499:

Also crucial to the emergence of heavy metal as an international phenomenon were

1477: 1145: 811: 679: 433: 410: 218:

as a popular phenomenon in 1956 saw the birth of a new wave of Birmingham bands.

84: 76: 11569: 11540: 11518: 8337: 5978: 1795:, would often be heard at blues parties during the 1970s and 1980s. The emotive 1616:, who would try to stand out from their competitors through the strength of the 959: 10717: 9834: 9649:

The Singing Stewarts: Recalling the pioneering work of the Midlands harmonizers

4656: 4180: 4096: 4089: 3962: 3929: 3868: 3612: 3559: 3506: 3449:

as one of the major centres of techno worldwide as the home of the distinctive

3386: 3060: 3044: 2980: 2862: 2857: 2853: 2760:, who formed in Handsworth in 1974 with 26 carefully selected singers from the 2683: 2621: 2527: 2261: 2138: 2087: 2067: 2057: 1968: 1944: 1877: 1800: 1774:, later returning to a rootsier sound that showed that reflected the growth of 1680: 1465: 1329: 1305: 1296: 1105: 1100: 1094: 1008: 674: 562: 530: 495: 414: 339: 175: 116: 83:

area in the 1960s and 1970s with the addition of western musical influences to

47:

combined influences from folk, jazz, blues and soul and to create a wholly new

12074:"Downloads – "When You Wasn't Famous", The Streets (remix by Professor Green)" 8606: 7352:"Welcome to tha D: Making and Remaking Hip Hop Culture in Post-Motown Detroit" 5549:, vol. 1 (2nd ed.), Enfield: Guinness Publishing, pp. 675–676, 1963:

was a 60-year-old Jamaican who had played with first-wave ska artists such as

13644: 13471: 11975:"Streets life: stories from Mike Skinner about the Birmingham garage project" 10545: 8568: 7630: 4534: 4474: 4446: 4345: 4329: 4321: 4309: 4164: 4054: 4050: 3894: 3876: 3872: 3734: 3701: 3689: 3622: 3616: 3378: 3279: 3212: 3169: 3154: 3032: 3020: 3012: 3004: 2914: 2845: 2811: 2663: 2586: 2500: 2465: 2273: 2238: 2230: 2167: 2020: 1964: 1952: 1928: 1853: 1804: 1770:

influences, but during the 1980s they brought in synthesisers and touches of

1699: 1687: 1597: 1589: 1545: 1505: 1392: 1369:

sessions, but it was the influence of the Midlands-based musicians – drummer

1358: 1354: 1343: 1325: 1301: 1265: 1256: 1210: 1176: 1113: 1090: 1086: 1066: 1044: 1032: 1028: 953: 819: 806: 787: 760: 713: 695: 515: 507: 406: 394: 312: 276: 264: 199: 187: 152: 136: 104: 100: 80: 20: 12112:"Getting a handle on Pram; Is Pram the most influential band in Birmingham?" 11379: 7857: 5506: 4092:

were the second-biggest British band of the first decade of the 21st century

3397: 3164:

Justin Broadrick initially left Napalm Death in 1986 to play drums with the

1735: 579:

during the early 1960s. During the 1950s he fell under the influence of the

139:

developed in Birmingham in the mid-1950s, after American recordings such as

12964:

Cotton, Ross (1 May 2012), "Retro-futurism: Birmingham's imaginary world",

11147: 8986: 6798: 4377: 4313: 4293: 4281: 4277: 4238: 4207: 4046: 3950: 3942: 3889: 3884: 3818:

jungle genre came to embrace more melodic forms. Notable releases included

3746: 3705: 3675: 3667: 3579: 3482: 3478: 3413: 3232: 3204: 3084: 3080: 3016: 2791: 2724: 2704: 2519: 2488: 2457: 2398: 2281: 2210: 2110: 2103: 2041: 2016: 1988: 1861: 1830: 1703: 1664: 1617: 1557: 1500: 1489: 1449: 1422: 1408: 1396: 1384: 1374: 1350: 1309: 1281: 1241: 1233: 1164: 1148:" highlighted the groups instrumental virtuosity and reached the UK Top 5. 1129: 1000: 991: 856: 805:. On 25 November 1974 he died in his sleep in Tanworth from an overdose of 792: 756: 752: 398: 332: 328: 235: 12914: 12884: 12578:(4th ed.), Edinburgh: Canongate Books (published 2007), p. 734, 8903: 6739: 4919:

Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World

4701: 1529:

they had effectively redefined the whole genre, and with their 1980 album

1440:

could be fundamentally alienating would lead directly to the sound of the

1391:

More radical in their departure from established musical conventions were

1288:

characteristic of the city's culture was to influence the genre's typical

10509:"Loops Extract: Napalm Death & The Possibility of Life's Destruction" 9952:

STEVE WINWOOD SEES A CHANCE, AND TAKES IT, TO RE-RELEASE "ARC OF A DIVER"

7655:"Introduction – Charting the genealogy of Black British cultural studies" 4357: 4349: 4301: 4289: 4273: 4223: 4108: 4070: 4066: 4004: 3982: 3938: 3864: 3846: 3827: 3803: 3774: 3738: 3693: 3684: 3671: 3644: 3555: 3544: 3474: 3374: 3339: 3287: 3228: 3150: 3110: 3063:

internationally, and first performed in public in April 1981. Bullen met

3056: 3008: 2971: 2960: 2956: 2938: 2883: 2834: 2820: 2816: 2799: 2784: 2756:. Continuing Birmingham's tradition of pioneering gospel groups were the 2753: 2656: 2563: 2539: 2523: 2492: 2430: 2378: 2374: 2319: 2277: 2257: 2242: 2150: 2122: 2099: 2071: 2053: 2024: 2000: 1984: 1816: 1796: 1792: 1750: 1743: 1739: 1691: 1644: 1592:

as the urban equivalent of the all-night communal "tea parties" of rural

1573: 1561: 1553: 1549: 1537: 1481: 1473: 1453: 1448:; and their influence would be felt by bands as diverse as the post-punk 1441: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1317: 1292: 1245: 1237: 1218: 1214: 1125: 1058: 1024: 1016: 986: 963: 937: 908: 764: 699: 616: 503: 474: 466: 462: 457: 292: 255: 25: 12833: 3997:

sequenced live on stage – "We were kind of doing this mix of Kraftwerk,

3326:

Brothers and Sisters took place in the 'Coast to Coast' club in the old

2086:

by the end of 1978. Despite releasing a single in 1979 and appearing on

1628:, often going to great lengths to disguise the source of their records. 1429:

and crushingly high volume that would come to characterise heavy metal.

655: 13397: 13393: 11365:

Tredre, Roger (20 May 1994) "Chilling out to ambient-dub-ethno-trance"

6689:

Running with the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music

5116: 4385: 4337: 4297: 4250: 4219: 4150: 4022: 3860: 3814: 3762: 3754: 3626: 3518: 3343: 3314: 3306: 3137: 3133: 3122: 2922: 2918: 2823:

to Birmingham at the age of nine. In 1986 she released her debut album

2770: 2611: 2473: 2362: 2342: 2309: 2175: 2155: 2126: 2095: 2028: 2008: 1992: 1857: 1758: 1648: 1514: 1426: 1339: 1313: 1269: 1184: 1172: 1121: 1062: 1048: 1020: 996: 941: 860: 848: 740: 733: 604: 596: 546: 296: 284: 268: 171: 96: 16: 12778:"INTRODUCING: The Next Wave Of B-town Bands To Get Your Blood Shaking" 12260:"60s theme club Sensateria returns to Birmingham after 18-year hiatus" 9088: 7738:

The Art of Being Black: The Creation of Black British Youth Identities

7693:

The Art of Being Black: The Creation of Black British Youth Identities

6614: 5283: 4769:"Brum Punch: FACT meets Napalm Death and Scorn legend Nicholas Bullen" 2905:

The most notable Birmingham soul artist of the early 21st century was

2819:, the granddaughter of a noted Jamaican Gospel singer, who moved from 1151: 863:, his work is now revered as one of the greatest achievements both of 13349: 13221:

Secret History of Rock: The Most Influential Bands You've Never Heard

4482: 4242: 4168: 4058: 4030: 3958: 3880: 3842: 3830:

samples over "incredibly evil basslines" laid the foundations of the

3770: 3679: 3571: 3563: 3510: 3420:

sound in the late 1980s. It was Rushton's mid-1988 compilation album

3248: 3244: 3236: 3208: 3158: 3146: 3118: 3114: 3000: 2996: 2830: 2668: 2484: 2426: 2386: 2354: 2350: 2305: 2301: 2285: 2269: 2202: 2118: 2114: 2075: 2004: 1996: 1980: 1940: 1927:. Like The Specials, the members of The Beat had varied backgrounds: 1924: 1908: 1881: 1869: 1812: 1775: 1716: 1686:

During the 1960s and 1970s, the West Midlands developed a culture of

1625: 1609: 1445: 1273: 1206: 1141: 1070: 978: 912: 852: 840: 832: 801: 684: 666: 644: 628: 624: 534: 402: 351: 335:

had their 1964 recording "Caroline" adopted as its theme song by the

288: 251: 207: 124: 92: 91:

grew out of the West Midlands uniquely multi-racial musical culture.

64: 33: 29: 11096:"Respect: Techno Stars Talk About Their Sandwell District Favorites" 6482: 6154: 4962: 4960: 4537:, in the Custard Factory, run street dance and DJ training courses. 1826: 809:, with the only media coverage being a personal announcement in the 729: 13099:

Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore

12048:"Albums of the decade No 1: The Streets – Original Pirate Material" 9562: 9552: 9550: 7166:

Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal

6557: 6179: 4508: 4450: 4401: 4131: 4104: 4008: 3917: 3871:. Skinner's songwriting connected the production values of garage, 3766: 3758: 3720: 3648: 3633:

in the Birmingham club scene of the mid 1980s. Their debut single "

3514: 3491: 3362: 3173: 3102: 2942: 2807: 2774: 2720: 2695: 2637: 2625: 2418: 2315: 2250: 2163: 2146: 2134: 2079: 1936: 1889: 1865: 1834: 1725: 1469: 1321: 1251:

Birmingham in the late 1960s and early 1970s was the birthplace of

1163:

Also in the late 1960s, there were psychedelic rock bands, such as

1080: 1057:

gained critical recommendations from musical figures as diverse as

1040: 924: 896: 879: 776: 572: 342:, and followed this with three major international hits in 1965 – " 231: 223: 71:

sound of London and compositional techniques from Birmingham's own

52: 5179:

Hardy, Phil; Laing, Dave; Barnard, Stephen; Perretta, Don (1988),

4085: 3113:

replaced Ratledge on drums in November 1985, introducing the fast

3090: 2060:

writing that "The Swell Maps had a lot to do with my upbringing".

1031:. Also performing in the style later identified as freakbeat were 911:; initially performing covers of American West Coast acts such as 702:, she was brought up from the age of 7 in the Brookfields area of 385:

The most consistently successful Birmingham group of this era was

8962: 4957: 4504: 4493: 4305: 4230: 4203: 4146: 4038: 3921: 3793: 3742: 3656: 3275: 2906: 2866:

was a platinum seller in the United States and its first single "

2571: 2401:, but failing to break through to widespread commercial success. 2394: 1893: 1779: 1729: 1676: 1652: 1636: 1593: 1457: 1404: 1289: 1260: 1199: 771:, from where he won a scholarship to study English literature at 592: 580: 215: 13352:

Celebrating, Preserving and Sharing Birmingham's Music Heritage.

13194:

World music: the rough guide. Africa, Europe and the Middle East

13191:, in Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; Trillo, Richard (eds.), 12382:"Broadcast: Berberian Sound Studio Original Soundtrack – review" 9830:

Biography and career history : Music, TV, Films and Theatre

9586: 9574: 9547: 9535: 7017:, Cleveland, OH: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, 1995 4453:

is a soul jazz and funk night that has featured on BBC Radio 1.

510:-born Janice Nicholls gave her verdict on the week's singles in 354:

achieved a sizeable Australian hit, "Wake Up My Mind," in 1965.

13135:

No More Heroes: A Complete History of UK Punk from 1976 to 1980

12305: 7533:

Sells Like Teen Spirit: Music, Youth Culture, and Social Crisis

6459:

Endless enigma: a musical biography of Emerson, Lake and Palmer

4558: 4486: 4268:

Successful Birmingham singer-songwriters and musicians include

4237:

scene has attracted widespread attention, led by bands such as

4234: 4211: 4018: 3831: 3730: 3724: 3591: 3446: 3417: 3165: 2643:

The city's cultural diversity also contributed to the blend of

2567: 2370: 2338: 2330: 2289: 2280:, becoming a prime influence on the mid-1980s emergence of the 2129:

to the north of the city, where a group of musicians including

2045: 1850: 1771: 1712: 1493: 1461: 1280:

tradition was to influence heavy metal's characteristic use of

916: 836: 608: 600: 553:

as late as the 1960s, including songs being performed by local

453: 211: 108: 40:

produced in the city from the 1980s to the early 21st century.

12019:"The Streets will make only one more album, says Mike Skinner" 7941: 7929: 7893: 7869: 4971:, vol. 10, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 114, 4406: 3416:

was one of the first outsiders to discover Detroit's emerging

2780: 1213:

music and is a trademark sound of the progressive rock bands.

1209:. Over the next 15 years, the Mellotron had a major impact on 639:, originally at The Crown in Station Street, but later at the 13116: 13029:(Kindle ed.), London: Cherry Red Books, ASIN: B008P1GXWU 10837:"Electronic Enigma: The myths and messages of Detroit techno" 10771:, Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, pp. 72–75, 9301: 9299: 9174:"Classic Tracks: Fine Young Cannibals' "She Drives Me Crazy"" 7917: 7881: 7136:, Berkeley Heights, N.J.: Enslow Publishers, pp. 40–41, 7040:, Washington, D.C.: Recording Industry Association of America 5625:

Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music

4892: 4263: 4176: 4026: 3925: 3048: 2648: 1580:

the 1960s and 1970s saw a distinctive West Indian culture of

1485: 1418: 1333: 1285: 1109: 936:" has been credited, alongside near-simultaneous releases by 669:

over the next decade through their involvement with the band

545:

Research by folk music scholars recorded a rich tradition of

499: 272: 167: 68: 36:

scene, to the "astonishing range" of distinctive and radical

13137:(Kindle ed.), London: Cherry Red Books, ASIN B008X42GAW 11690:"Rumble in the Jungle: The Invisible History of Drum'n'Bass" 10963:"Downwards is the Only Way Forward: An interview with Regis" 7716: 7206:, Continuum International Publishing Group, pp. 40–41, 3753:, he spent his early adult life in various cities including 575:

as a teenager, was one of the most important figures of the

13355: 10602: 10525: 10440: 10368: 9472: 6800:

Judas Priest British Steel: 30th Anniversary Edition Review

6586:, New York: Sterling Publishing Company, pp. 282–284, 4947: 4945: 4172: 4034: 3973:

ran from 1984 to 1994 in various Birmingham venues playing

3583: 3319: 3231:. Harris also joined up with New York City-based musicians 2715:, a family of five brothers and three sisters who moved to 2616: 2369:, reaching levels of musical experimentalism comparable to 2358: 2142: 1912: 1837:, rose to prominence on the Birmingham music scene in 1978. 1820: 1808: 1763: 1668: 1277: 875: 72: 10882: 10880: 9296: 9260: 8280: 8278: 8276: 7236:

We Owe You Nothing: Punk Planet – the Collected Interviews

5301: 1194:

In the 1970s members of The Move and The Uglys formed the

722:, which reached the top 20 and which included top 10 hit " 299:, with its influence extending into the 1970s and beyond. 13040:, New York: Taylor & Francis Group (published 2005), 13007:

Dudrah, Rajinder Kumar; Chana, Boy; Talwar, Ammo (2007),

12357:, no. 286, London: The Wire Magazine Ltd, p. 39 12168:"Remembering Trish Keenan, Singer for the Band Broadcast" 11956: 11954: 11914: 11904: 11902: 11889: 11887: 11850: 11848: 11805: 11803: 11738:"Goldie Talks New Album, 'EDM' and His Bass-Devoted Life" 10808:, vol. 3, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, p. 942, 10464: 10346: 10344: 10342: 9489: 9487: 9250: 9248: 8127: 7847: 7845: 7300:, Continuum International Publishing Group, p. 199, 6826: 5590: 5588: 5441: 5439: 5178: 5138: 5136: 4916:

Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian A. (2005),

4246: 3412:

The Birmingham-based journalist, DJ and record collector

2968: 2366: 2234: 1903:

Even more eclectic in their influences were Handsworth's

1846: 1631: 1605: 949: 643:

on Thursday nights. This was arguably the most important

12353:

Moline, Keith (December 2007), "Pram – Domestic Bliss",

12149: 12147: 12134: 12132: 11450: 11448: 11211:

Substance with Tim Wright Aka Tube Jerk at Henrys Cellar

9002: 8919: 8418: 8416: 8295: 8293: 7411: 7409: 6692:, Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, p. x, 6427:

Pop Goes to Court: Rock 'n' Pop's Greatest Court Battles

5545:

Larkin, Colin, ed. (1995), "Campbell, Ian, Folk Group",

5451: 5058: 5046: 5034: 5022: 4942: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4586: 4584: 3879:

with the English observational songwriting tradition of

2690: 2511:

also emanated from the city's music scene at this time.

1955:

had played drums with a Birmingham punk band as well as

1876:

on Cumberland Street, and in 1979 established their own

1548:

that would follow, their sound laying the basis for the

981:-influenced single that showcased the sophistication of 716:, but her commercial breakthrough in Britain was 1976's 11717: 10877: 10650: 10614: 10563: 10488: 10476: 10452: 10416: 10380: 9627: 9617: 9615: 9613: 8273: 7773: 7761: 7594: 7592: 7566:

Colonial Immigrants in a British City: A Class Analysis

6331:, Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard Corporation, p. 189, 6089:"Exiled from Heaven: the unheard message of Nick Drake" 5773:

Citation for Joan Armatrading, honorary Doctor of Music

2329:

Refusing to conform to a conventional post-punk sound,

1757:

in 1975 from a group of musicians who had been playing

755:– the son of the chairman and managing director of the 12518:, Montreal: Communications Gratte-Ciel, archived from 11951: 11899: 11884: 11845: 11800: 11755: 11335: 11333: 10428: 10404: 10392: 10356: 10339: 9780:, Terrell Isaacs Associates, p. 6, archived from 9598: 9499: 9484: 9311: 9284: 9272: 9245: 9024:

Terry & Gerry – Let's Get the Hell Back to Lubbock

8261: 7905: 7842: 7795:

Blood and Fire: The Autobiography of the UB40 Brothers

7087: 7075: 6461:, Chicago: Open Court Publishing Co., pp. 90–93, 5855:

Darker Than the Deepest Sea: The Search for Nick Drake

5822:

Darker Than the Deepest Sea: The Search for Nick Drake

5699:, Fairport Convention Official Website, archived from 5585: 5436: 5133: 4750: 4748: 4393:

Category:Musical groups from Birmingham, West Midlands

4001:

and Marc Bolan ... it was synthesiser glam rock"

3047:, influenced initially by hardcore punk bands such as 956:

which was torn to shreds over the course of the show.

13189:"Bhangra/Asian Beat - one-way ticket to British Asia" 12361: 12277: 12144: 12129: 12091: 11828:, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, pp. 11445: 11015: 11013: 10706: 10704: 10702: 9702: 8746: 8698: 8586: 8413: 8401: 8389: 8377: 8365: 8353: 8318: 8290: 7406: 6993: 6888: 6876: 6536:, vol. 4, Oxford University Press, p. 450, 5980:

Various Artists: Way to Blue: The Songs of Nick Drake

5329:, Van Nuys, CA: Alfred Music Publishing, p. 79, 5070: 5010: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4718: 4581: 3643:

marked the first fusion of the influences of dub and

2554:

In the 1960s Birmingham was the birthplace of modern

2217:

started in 1978 with a post-punk sound influenced by

2170:

eventually released in 2004 as the compilation album

1663:, which was founded in 1966 and featured the toaster 867:

and of the entire singer-songwriter genre worldwide.

13294:

Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World

12968:, Birmingham: Something in the Water, pp. 22–39 12751:"Forget Madchester, it's all about the B-Town scene" 12041: 12039: 9663: 9610: 9328: 9326: 8734: 8722: 8710: 8104:

Ska'd for Life: A Personal Journey with The Specials

8067: 7589: 6859:"Praise the Sabbath: now Birmingham shows its metal" 5413:

Mods, Rockers, and the Music of the British Invasion

5364:, London: Independent News and Media, archived from 5087: 5085: 4872:, Edinburgh: Canongate Books, pp. 83, 102–103, 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4153:

raised singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist

3941:

and the enigmatically precise instrumental music of

3849:, led by the vocalist, producer and instrumentalist 1749:

Birmingham's first major home-grown reggae band was

595:

group, but from 1958 performing politically charged

12563: 12561: 12547:, Birmingham: Trinity Mirror Midlands, 17 July 2007 12238:

Forwards Not Forgetting: Owen Hatherley Interviewed

11505: 11503: 11501: 11330: 10200:"Laura Mvula – The Next Great British Soul Singer?" 10025:"Jamelia: People think I have everything – I don't" 9872: 9436: 9360:"Muhammad Ayub ~ Founder of Oriental Star Agencies" 9114:"80sObscurities presents: Swans Way – 'Soul Train'" 8686: 8674: 8218:"Ghost Town: The song that defined an era turns 30" 7962: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7063: 7051: 6499: 6173: 6171: 5628:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 89–91, 5607:Fisher, Trevor (2 April 1981), "Requiem for Folk", 4745: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4459:was Birmingham's largest annual music festival, at 3822:'s extremely rough cut-up 1994 track "The Way" and 1608:and from the late 1960s the scene was dominated by 1079:also failed to reach the charts Lynne left to join 870: 405:and the then-unique electric fuzz guitar effect of 377:In early 1964 Dial Records and Decca both released 13037:Cut 'n' Mix: Culture, Identity and Caribbean Music 12266:, Birmingham: Trinity Mirror Midlands, 25 May 2012 11664:Mick Harris & Eraldo Bernocchi – Total Station 11010: 10699: 6981: 6969: 6957: 6912: 6900: 6838: 5492: 5490: 4915: 4904: 4210:in 2013, at the forefront of the emergence of the 4141:Also nominated for the Mercury Prize in 2006 were 3777:and becoming the first track to successfully take 2558:, a form of music which combines the influence of 1259:over subsequent decades has been rivalled only by 827:widespread fame. With an influence extending from 673:, which had formed in London in 1967. The fiddler 55:laid the way for the distinctive sound of English 13006: 12575:The Mojo Collection: the ultimate music companion 12036: 11117: 11115: 10760: 10758: 10580: 10578: 9592: 9580: 9568: 9556: 9541: 9323: 9089:"Swans Way: The Fugitive Kind – Expanded Edition" 8857:Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980–1984 8833:Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980–1984 8569:"The Prefects – The Prefects Are Amateur Wankers" 6814: 6667: 6328:Sonic Cool: The Life & Death of Rock 'n' Roll 5999: 5997: 5416:, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 131–133, 5318: 5316: 5082: 4631: 4049:, Broadcast combined influences as varied as the 3841:The most notable act to emerge from Birmingham's 3659:. They later also launched the Different Drummer 2542:and consisted of Birmingham band members, as did 2031:. The group produced hours of home recordings on 1332:had pushed the boundaries of loud and aggressive 13642: 12558: 12221:The New Ruins Of Great Britain by Owen Hatherley 11683: 11681: 11498: 7953: 7791: 7741:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 109, 7696:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 108, 7660:Black British Culture and Society: A Text-Reader 6937:, Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, pp. 14–15, 6364:, Edinburgh: Canongate Books, pp. 102–103, 6168: 4596: 4433:(Midlands Arts Centre) at Cannon Hill Park, The 4402:Contemporary venues, festivals and organisations 3733:was the first recognisable star of the genre of 3715: 3530:Away from the style that bears the city's name, 1911:, but whose sound also included influences from 1175:was a member in mid-1968, but soon left to form 977:released "I Must be Mad", a furiously energetic 12940:Black Sabbath and the rise of heavy metal music 12613:, archived from the original on 8 December 2013 12324: 12322: 10768:Techno Rebels: The Renegades of Electronic Funk 9955:, Detroit: WCSX, 22 August 2012, archived from 9521:British Bhangra conquers adversity to go global 9389:Companion to Contemporary Black British Culture 9231:Fine Young Cannibals – The Raw & the Cooked 9200: 9198: 9071:"Swans way – History and Image : Bushwah!" 8026:"Reggae: the sound that revolutionised Britain" 7624: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7191: 7189: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5487: 2999:district lay at the centre of the emergence of 2413:, established in 1984 by two former members of 2209:and was later learned to have been produced by 1947:had a background in reggae and had drummed for 1513:that would follow, removing the last traces of 635:" reached the UK top 50. Campbell also ran the 13079:Hornsby, Laurie (2003), Lavender, Mike (ed.), 13061:Hornsby, Laurie (1999), Lavender, Mike (ed.), 11640:Mick Harris & Bill Laswell – Somnific Flux 11112: 11063: 10755: 10575: 8460: 8458: 8456: 7994:Dubwise: Reasoning from the Reggae Underground 6619:, Brumbeat – West Midlands Groups of the 1960s 6060:, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, p. 215, 5994: 5474:, London: British Film Institute, p. 80, 5469: 5313: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4080: 2986: 2913:, with an absent father with a conviction for 2181:The release of the Sex Pistols' first single " 2109:The Midlands' most important early punks were 1983:bands preceded the late 1976 emergence of the 751:– five miles outside the city's boundaries in 13377: 13145:Rip it Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984 12915:"Built On Sand: A Birmingham Sampler '78–'86" 11678: 9207:Fine Young Cannibals – The Raw and the Cooked 5472:Teen Television: Genre, Consumption, Identity 5288:Brum Beat – West Midlands Groups of the 1960s 5121:Brum Beat – West Midlands Groups of the 1960s 5095:Brum Beat: the Story of the 60s Midland Sound 4122:, and both this album and its 2006 follow-up 1819:found commercial success. AllMusic described 12935:"Birmingham: The Cradle of All Things Heavy" 12319: 10279:Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge 10180:, London: Independent Digital News and Media 10081:, London: Independent Digital News and Media 9195: 7615: 7562: 7503:, Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, p. 17, 7360:, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, p. 412, 7186: 6647:, London: Rough Guides, pp. 1095–1097, 6532:Larkin, Colin, ed. (2006), "The Idle Race", 6487:Brum Beat – West Midlands Bands of the 1960s 6127:What Nick Drake Taught Me About Art And Love 5965: 5887:"Nick Drake: in search of his mother, Molly" 5654: 5574:, Birmingham Music Archive, 25 November 2012 5527:, London: Independent Digital News and media 5154: 3749:and local authority institutions across the 3678:project severed its last sonic links to its 3207:, whose first three albums brought a strong 2333:were formed in 1980 by Birmingham musicians 1860:. At the forefront of this development were 346:", a top 10 hit in both the UK and the US, " 210:and on Sundays at the Bilberry Tea Rooms in 13296:, vol. 7, New York, pp. 354–355, 12943:, Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, pp. 7–41, 12194:"Broadcast: Laughing in the face of genres" 11825:Sounds English: Transnational Popular Music 11339: 10275: 9747:Jaki Graham performs live in Clacton on Sea 9111: 9086: 9068: 8453: 7268:The grunge and post-grunge years: 1991–2005 5858:, London: Da Capo Press, pp. 111–113, 4967:Larkin, Colin, ed. (2006), "Napalm Death", 4830: 4011:. Their minimalist and abrasive 1992 debut 3993:in 1984 and whose performances involved 15 3989:, which he established with Robert Shaw of 3937:, to the more sinister and angular work of 2191:West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive 1991:, instead being influenced directly by the 1959:over Birmingham sound systems. Saxophonist 1353:and British commentators tending to favour 1191:called "Britain's Greatest Unknown Group". 32:era, to the city's "infamously fragmented" 13384: 13370: 13315:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12017:McNulty, Bernardette (25 September 2008), 11772: 11770: 11616:Mick Harris & James Plotkin – Collapse 11400: 11398: 10866:, Amsterdam: TrouwAmsterdam, 25 March 2013 10679:, London: Rough Guides, pp. 908–909, 9680: 9678: 8488: 8215: 8189:, London: Random House, pp. 106–107, 8156:, London: Rough Guides, pp. 988–989, 8096: 8094: 6397:, Edinburgh: Canongate Books, p. 97, 6324: 6298:, Edinburgh: Canongate Books, p. 82, 6265:, Edinburgh: Canongate Books, p. 83, 6097:, London: Random House, pp. 211–212, 5547:The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music 5254: 5252: 4810:, London: Rough Guides, pp. 271–272, 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4499:Notable dance music record labels include 4264:List of notable historical musical artists 3977:and experimental music by artists such as 3696:went further into the ambient extremes of 3651:. In 1993 Whittingham and Bush formed the 3607:. In 1993 they released their debut album 3254: 2052:all citing the group as an influence, and 1047:led to their replacement by a 19-year-old 948:, though Wood's songs were in not in fact 895:that would follow. The first of these was 254:: despite producing no one band as big as 13027:Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–1989 12859:"Mogwai lined up for Supersonic festival" 12607:"90. Guillemots – Through the Windowpane" 12605:Orme, Mike (2010), Southall, Nick (ed.), 12509: 12234: 12000:"The Streets, 'Original Pirate Material'" 11019: 10960: 10843:, no. 45, New York: Wax Poetics Inc. 10543: 9425:, Touring exhibition, Punch Records, 2007 9340:, Touring exhibition, Punch Records, 2007 8801:Dexys Midnight Runners: Young Soul Rebels 8768:Dexys Midnight Runners: Young Soul Rebels 8566: 8107:, London: Pan Macmillan, pp. 30–37, 7734: 7689: 7496: 7386: 6930: 6612: 6555: 6480: 6177: 6086: 6053: 5936: 5825:, London: Da Capo Press, pp. 83–84, 5752:, London: National Portrait Gallery, 2007 5611:, vol. 105, London: BBC, p. 458 4646: 3737:, the first indigenously British form of 3215:sound. By the time of their fourth album 3176:, whose first two releases – the 1988 EP 3011:to form arguably the most extreme of all 2578:worldwide from Los Angeles to Singapore. 2349:was a highly avant-garde work that mixed 13141: 12644: 12379: 12295: 12191: 12045: 11932: 10986: 10910: 10668: 10506: 10316:1001 Albums you must hear before you die 10226:"Laura Mvula: Sing to the Moon – review" 10223: 9858:Ruby Turner – Women Hold Up Half the Sky 9645: 9517: 9008: 8542: 8284: 8241: 7129: 6856: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6766: 6718: 6636: 6423: 6394:The Act You've Known for All These Years 6361:The Act You've Known for All These Years 6295:The Act You've Known for All These Years 6262:The Act You've Known for All These Years 5910: 5884: 5211:The Virgin Encyclopedia of Sixties Music 4869:The Act You've Known for All These Years 4775:, Uxbridge: The Vinyl Factory, p. 4 4405: 4202: 4200:totally different, a bunch of misfits." 4130: 4084: 3798: 3719: 3396: 3373:producer Enarjay 808 the Terminator and 3089: 2829: 2779: 2694: 2581:The origins of British bhangra lie with 2314: 1825: 1734: 1630: 1620:produced by their equipment; and by DJs 1379: 1338: 1228: 1150: 1085: 958: 874: 728: 654: 525: 13330:, Birmingham: Birmingham Music Heritage 13291: 13237: 13096: 13078: 13060: 13033: 13024: 12982:International Journal of Punjab Studies 12912: 12695: 12483: 12405: 12016: 11972: 11960: 11920: 11908: 11893: 11854: 11809: 11767: 11761: 11723: 11478: 11407:Biography of Higher Intelligence Agency 11395: 11093: 10656: 10620: 10608: 10569: 10531: 10494: 10482: 10470: 10458: 10446: 10434: 10422: 10410: 10398: 10386: 10374: 10362: 10350: 10308: 10121: 9854: 9675: 8925: 8854: 8830: 8629: 8523:, Harmondsworth: Penguin, p. 200, 8267: 8133: 8091: 8023: 7911: 7851: 7792:Campbell, Ali; Campbell, Robin (2006), 7601:Handsworth Evolution: music documentary 7536:, New York: NYU Press, pp. 93–94, 7463: 7389:"How Judas Priest invented heavy metal" 7239:, New York: Akashic Books, p. 55, 7162: 6201: 6003: 5594: 5501:, Wakefield: EP Publishing, p. v, 5457: 5445: 5355: 5322: 5307: 5249: 5142: 5076: 5064: 5052: 5040: 5028: 5016: 4951: 4786: 4754: 4739: 4590: 4410:Birmingham's largest indoor venue, the 3863:of the early 2000s and the attempts of 2794:style as a series of locally inflected 1584:emerge in Birmingham districts such as 1544:of the 1970s and the various genres of 1509:established the sonic template for the 706:. In 1972 she released her debut album 163:" began to appear on British airwaves. 119:with the influence of Birmingham's own 99:from fusing the separate influences of 13643: 13168: 13114: 12972: 12963: 12647:"Guillemots – Through the Window Pane" 12367: 12352: 12283: 12153: 12138: 12097: 11821: 11248: 11043: 10835:Thomas, Andy (January–February 2011), 10834: 10805:Encyclopedia of African American Music 10716:, Record Label Records, archived from 10249: 10148:"Jamelia: Respect for single mothers!" 10075:"Jamelia: 'Don't call me a celebrity'" 9684: 9604: 9505: 9493: 9478: 9357: 9317: 9305: 9290: 9278: 9266: 9254: 9141: 8984: 8878: 8655: 8521:Babylon's burning: from punk to grunge 8518: 8464: 8100: 7990: 7779: 7767: 7722: 7500:Heavy Metal: The Music and Its Culture 7470:, New York: Cleis Press, p. 161, 7332:, Fuse, Fuse Networks, 14 January 2013 7289: 7232: 7195: 7133:Black Sabbath: Pioneers of Heavy Metal 6934:Heavy Metal: The Music and Its Culture 6685: 6531: 6390: 6357: 6291: 6258: 6225: 6123: 5983:, The Graham Weekly Album Review #1724 5976: 5769: 5621: 5606: 5544: 5496: 5409: 5208: 4966: 4865: 4549:Independent shops in the city selling 4324:(guitarist for Ocean Colour Scene and 3423:Techno! The New Dance Sound of Detroit 2125:. The group's earliest origins lay in 1864:, who were formed and based in nearby 1694:together in pubs in districts such as 1604:, but the early 1960s saw the rise of 835:, and including figures as diverse as 743:, who was brought up from 1952 in the 130: 13365: 13358:West Midlands Pop Groups of the 1960s 13264: 13217: 12775: 12570:"Guillemots – Through the Windowpane" 12567: 12510:Carpenter, Lorraine (1 August 2006), 12457: 12118:, Birmingham: Trinity Mirror Midlands 12109: 12071: 11785:, New York, p. 2, archived from 11735: 11687: 11315:, Ambient Music Guide, archived from 11254: 11145: 10987:Otasevic, Dragan (22 February 2011), 10934: 10797: 10764: 10224:Petridis, Alexis (28 February 2013), 10197: 10145: 10072: 9976: 9708: 9669: 9633: 9621: 9382: 9171: 9087:Scott-Bates, Paul (26 October 2012), 8988:Pigbag Volume One / Volume Two Review 8797: 8764: 8371: 8324: 8299: 8182: 7663:, London: Routledge, pp. 10–11, 7652: 7529: 7349: 7265: 6796: 6785: 6719:Harrison, Leigh Michael (Fall 2010), 6579: 6456: 6027: 5665:, London: Rough Guides, p. 354, 5326:Learn from the Legends: Rock Keyboard 5155:Rees, Dafydd; Crampton, Luke (1991), 4990: 4799: 4699: 4099:were one of the leading bands of the 3741:. Born to the north of Birmingham in 2691:Gospel, soul and contemporary R&B 2562:with western popular music and urban 1880:label to record their first single, " 1643:other sound systems in a competitive 763:. Drake completed his education at a 315:in late 1963 and whose debut single " 178:in pubs such as The Gunmakers in the 13651:Culture in Birmingham, West Midlands 13323: 13186: 12932: 12806: 12748: 12672:"Fyfe Dangerfield – Fly Yellow Moon" 12604: 12414:, London: Independent News and Media 12217: 12165: 11776: 11278: 10252:"Ones to watch in 2013: Laura Mvula" 9750:, Zeta Tickets, 2011, archived from 9442: 8632:"The Prefects 'Are Amateur Wankers'" 8494: 8224:, London: Independent News and Media 8145: 8049: 7947: 7935: 7923: 7899: 7887: 7875: 7863: 7798:, London: Random House, p. 60, 7563:Rex, John; Tomlinson, Sally (1979), 7415: 7357:Hip Hop in America: A Regional Guide 7093: 7081: 7069: 7057: 6999: 6987: 6975: 6963: 6918: 6906: 6894: 6882: 6865:, London: Independent News and Media 6844: 6832: 6820: 6673: 6153:, Bryter Music, 2013, archived from 5851: 5818: 5518: 5470:Davis, Glyn; Dickinson, Kay (2004), 5185:, New York: Schirmer Books, p. 4898: 4145:, the multinational band led by the 3192:and the more sonically experimental 1612:. Music would be provided by mobile 1361:, and two from the Birmingham-based 1312:partly resulted from lead guitarist 1224: 712:and recorded the first of her eight 230:also emerging as a skiffle group in 13132: 12406:Perrone, Pierre (20 January 2011), 12380:Petridis, Alexis (3 January 2013), 12235:Sutcliffe, Jamie (20 August 2012), 11636: 11589: 11538: 11348:, Cambridge: SOS Publications Group 10737: 10584: 10171: 9720: 9069:Wisenheimer, Walter (1 July 2013), 8937: 8908:, Melbourne, Victoria: JB Hi-Fi NOW 8752: 8740: 8728: 8716: 8704: 8692: 8680: 8592: 8422: 8407: 8395: 8383: 8359: 7467:The Secret History of Rock 'n' Roll 4922:, New York: Springer, p. 282, 4766: 3109:the grindcore style was added when 3071:in 1983 and the two started making 1939:had originally formed a punk band; 1255:, whose international success as a 561:and George Dunn entirely within an 194:covers in local clubs and cinemas. 13: 13101:, Port Townsend, WA: Feral House, 12669: 12431: 12328: 12296:Paphides, Pete (21 January 2013), 12046:Thompson, Ben (29 November 2009), 11511:"Label Profile: Different Drummer" 11308: 11121: 11069: 10886: 10798:Price, Emmett George, ed. (2010), 10073:Mugan, Chris (22 September 2006), 10048: 9454: 9391:, London: Routledge, p. 239, 9227: 9044: 9020: 8859:, Cherry Red Books, pp. 8–9, 8567:Zimpleman, Tom (31 January 2005), 8073: 7569:, London: Routledge, p. 105, 4647:Partridge, Rob (26 January 1974), 3582:by stretching the music out using 3405:, one of the pioneers of techno's 3003:, which combined the influence of 2133:, P. J. Royston, Graham Blunt and 2074:but remaining heavily indebted to 2066:formed in 1975, influenced of the 401:, the jazz-influenced drumming of 115:combined the established sound of 14: 13662: 13343: 12492:, London: Guardian News and media 12388:, London: Guardian News and Media 12218:King, Richard (13 October 2010), 12054:, London: Guardian News and Media 11981:, London: Guardian News and Media 11736:Morse, Katie (25 February 2013), 11568:, Earache Records, archived from 11369:, London: Guardian News and Media 11044:Colley, Jon (16 September 2012), 10961:Finlayson, Angus (1 March 2013), 10911:Rothlein, Jordan (14 June 2012), 10632: 10258:, London: Guardian News and Media 10250:Lester, Paul (31 December 2012), 10232:, London: Guardian News and Media 10154:, London: Guardian News and Media 10146:Paton, Maureen (20 August 2011), 9685:Timmis, Peter (17 October 2010), 9112:Van Isacker, B. (11 April 2013), 8804:, Omnibus Press, pp. 11–12, 8604: 8471:, London: Rough Guides, pp. 8250:, London: Guardian News and Media 8242:Petridis, Alexis (8 March 2002), 8186:The Eighties: One Day, One Decade 8032:, London: Guardian News and Media 8024:Spencer, Neil (30 January 2011), 7395:, London: Guardian News and Media 7169:, London: HarperCollins, p. 6767:Trilling, Daniel (26 July 2007), 6534:The Encyclopedia of Popular Music 6430:, Music Sales Group, p. 37, 6232:, London: Constable, p. 39, 5919:, London: Guardian News and Media 5911:Paphides, Peter (25 April 2004), 5893:, London: Guardian News and Media 5885:Paphides, Peter (22 March 2013), 4969:The Encyclopedia of Popular Music 4568:Birmingham was the birthplace of 4492:A short lived music festival was 4063:Czechoslovakian surrealist cinema 3911: 2137:formed in 1975 influenced by the 1702:and, as the cultural commentator 1624:over the newest and most obscure 1567: 1417:first saw the pattern of angular 1328:'s pioneering use of high volume 901:Mike Sheridan and The Nightriders 362:-born songwriting partnership of 13626: 13625: 13440: 13392: 12877: 12851: 12826: 12807:Hann, Louisa (17 January 2013). 12800: 12769: 12749:King, Alison (13 October 2012). 12742: 12719: 12696:Gourlay, Dom (11 October 2010), 12689: 12663: 12638: 12598: 12533: 12503: 12477: 12451: 12425: 12399: 12373: 12346: 12289: 12252: 12211: 12185: 12159: 12103: 12065: 11992: 11966: 11926: 11866: 11860: 11815: 11729: 11660: 11654: 11630: 11607: 11583: 11556: 11532: 11472: 11458:Rockers Hi-Fi – Artist Biography 11454: 11427: 11421: 11372: 11359: 11302: 11272: 11225: 11202: 11179: 11139: 11087: 11037: 11020:Finlayson, Angus (17 May 2013), 10980: 10954: 10928: 10904: 10854: 10828: 10791: 10731: 10662: 10626: 10537: 10500: 10302: 10269: 10243: 10217: 10191: 10165: 10139: 10115: 10092: 10066: 10042: 10017: 9994: 9970: 9943: 9925: 9919: 9896: 9878: 9848: 9833:, RubyTurner.com, archived from 9821: 9798: 9765: 9738: 9714: 9646:Cummings, Tony (15 April 2012), 9639: 9511: 9448: 9411: 9376: 9351: 9221: 9165: 9135: 9105: 9062: 9038: 9014: 8978: 8955: 8931: 8896: 8872: 8848: 8835:, Cherry Red Books, p. 44, 8824: 8791: 8758: 8649: 8623: 8598: 8560: 8536: 8512: 8428: 8330: 8235: 8216:Montgomery, Hugh (3 July 2011), 8209: 8176: 8139: 8043: 8017: 7984: 7966: 7824: 7818: 7785: 7728: 7683: 7646: 7556: 7523: 7490: 7457: 7439: 7433: 7380: 7343: 7320: 7283: 7259: 7226: 7156: 7123: 7105: 7099: 7028: 7005: 6505: 5720: 5385: 5258: 5091: 4841: 4611: 3578:downtempo sound that reinvented 3274:visited Britain he inspired new 2921:recording to representatives of 2451: 2172:The Prefects are Amateur Wankers 1295:lyrical style and its defiantly 1039:in 1966, after the departure of 871:Psychedelia and progressive rock 214:in early 1956. The emergence of 13265:Smith, Steve Alexander (2009), 12973:Dudrah, Rajinder Kumar (2002), 12905: 12885:"Supersonic Festival - Line up" 12458:Mehta, Asha (8 February 2005), 12192:Attridge, John (23 July 2003), 11973:Skinner, Mike (25 March 2012), 10507:Franklin, Dan (16 March 2012), 10282:, New York: Berg, p. 110, 10198:Smith, Cameron (2 March 2013), 10031:, London: MGN, 21 December 2010 9908:, One Fifteen Artist Management 9593:Dudrah, Chana & Talwar 2007 9581:Dudrah, Chana & Talwar 2007 9569:Dudrah, Chana & Talwar 2007 9557:Dudrah, Chana & Talwar 2007 9542:Dudrah, Chana & Talwar 2007 9358:Farooq, Aisha (21 April 2013), 8543:Clarkson, John (23 June 2012), 7997:, Insomniac Press, p. 24, 7297:The A to X of Alternative Music 7203:The A to X of Alternative Music 6924: 6857:Beanland, Chris (3 June 2011), 6850: 6760: 6712: 6679: 6630: 6606: 6573: 6549: 6525: 6474: 6450: 6417: 6384: 6351: 6318: 6285: 6252: 6219: 6195: 6141: 6117: 6080: 6047: 6021: 5930: 5904: 5878: 5845: 5812: 5787: 5770:Hudson, Lucian (9 April 2013), 5763: 5738: 5714: 5685: 5648: 5615: 5600: 5562: 5538: 5512: 5463: 5403: 5379: 5356:Perrone, Pierre (3 June 2004), 5349: 5276: 5226: 5213:, London: Virgin, p. 248, 5202: 5172: 5148: 5109: 4984: 4859: 3765:with fellow Birmingham-born DJ 3305:The city embraced the national 2925:, she released her first album 2798:artists emerged from the area. 2560:traditional Punjabi dance music 1811:(the first truly mixed-race UK 1511:new wave of British heavy metal 1005:The Crazy World of Arthur Brown 571:, who moved to Birmingham from 521: 305:Jimmy Powell and The Dimensions 67:, the high volume guitar-based 13241:Drum 'n' Bass: The Rough Guide 13009:Bhangra: Birmingham and Beyond 12645:Southall, Nick (7 July 2006), 12611:The Stylus Decade – Top Albums 12484:Simpson, Dave (22 June 2007), 12166:Hart, Otis (14 January 2011), 12110:Cowen, Andrew (11 July 2001), 12072:Dolan, Casey (29 April 2006), 11342:"Mike Barnett: Beyond Records" 11094:Stolman, Elissa (1 May 2013), 11023:Sandwell District: Where Next? 10172:Orr, Gillian (12 April 2013), 8658:"... are amateur wankers" 8302:"Swell Maps: Sweep the Desert" 7866:, part 2, 5:30; part 3, 11.27. 7628:and reggae pioneers "Reality". 7387:Wilkinson, Roy (20 May 2010), 6030:"The sad ballad of Nick Drake" 4760: 4693: 4670: 4397:List of songs about Birmingham 4249:comparing Digbeth to London's 3924:, Birmingham developed a more 3550: 3497:In 2002 Regis went on to form 3457:label and its local producers 3338:, held for many years beneath 3334:in the early 1990s. Then came 2464:boutique of fashion designers 2102:and the birth of Birmingham's 222:started as a skiffle group in 1: 13224:, New York: Billboard Books, 13148:, London: Faber & Faber, 13011:, Birmingham: Punch Records, 12834:"Supersonic Festival - About" 11933:Reynolds, Simon (June 1995), 10544:Patterson, Dayal (May 2012), 8771:, Omnibus Press, p. 11, 8630:Witzman, Sean (25 May 2005), 8546:Nightingales : Interview 8436:"Misspent Youth – Birmingham" 7735:Alexander, Claire E. (1996), 7690:Alexander, Claire E. (1996), 7464:Knowles, Christopher (2010), 6124:Powers, Ann (18 April 2013), 5519:Hunt, Ken (4 December 2012), 4702:"The great toyshop of Europe" 4575: 4356:(bass guitarist/composer for 3716:Jungle, drum, bass and garage 2744:and now extremely rare album 2249:at punk venues like London's 2011:, formed in 1972 by brothers 1659:, which was founded in 1965; 1132:and flautist and saxophonist 633:The Times They Are a-Changin' 450:Gerry Levene and the Avengers 202:covers on Saturday nights at 196:Tex Detheridge and the Gators 12782:Hooting And Howling Magazine 12776:Riley, Mark (2 April 2013). 12757:. Independent News and Media 12241:, The Quietus: TheQietus.com 11149:Sand Still Born Alive Review 10935:Sande, Kiran (9 June 2010), 10552:, London: Diamond Publishing 10311:"Scum – Napalm Death (1987)" 9387:, in Donnell, Alison (ed.), 8855:Glasper, Ian (2004), "GBH", 8831:Glasper, Ian (2004), "GBH", 8656:Savage, Jon (January 2005), 6028:Brown, Mick (12 July 1997), 5945:, New York, pp. 39–40, 4991:Sande, Kiran (9 June 2010), 4700:Plant, Sadie (2 June 2003), 3682:roots with its 1994 release 3473:scene that developed around 2604:second generation immigrants 2456:The genesis of Birmingham's 2341:while both were students in 2295: 1974: 245: 7: 12921:, London: The Vinyl Factory 12670:Monger, James Christopher, 11777:Barr, Tim (17 March 2013), 11517:, BBC, 2003, archived from 11479:Haslett, Tim (April 1997), 11340:Humberstone, Nigel (1994), 11255:Muggs, Joe (24 July 2012), 11052:, London: The Vinyl Factory 10943:, London: The Vinyl Factory 10673:, in Buckley, Peter (ed.), 10313:, in Dimery, Robert (ed.), 10276:Kahn-Harris, Keith (2006), 10206:, Wigan: First Active Media 9172:Daley, Dan (1 March 2001), 9120:, Side-Line, archived from 8244:"Ska for the madding crowd" 8150:, in Buckley, Peter (ed.), 7350:Gholz, Carleton S. (2009), 7290:Taylor, Steve, ed. (2006), 7196:Taylor, Steve, ed. (2006), 6641:, in Buckley, Peter (ed.), 6613:Woodhouse, John R. (2012), 6556:Woodhouse, John R. (2012), 6481:Woodhouse, John R. (2011), 6325:Harrington, Joe S. (2002), 6178:Woodhouse, John R. (2012), 6054:Humphries, Patrick (1998), 5746:"Joan Armatrading (b.1950)" 5659:, in Buckley, Peter (ed.), 5323:Krieger, Karen Ann (1999), 4999:, London: The Vinyl Factory 4804:, in Buckley, Peter (ed.), 4101:indie and post-punk revival 4081:Indie and post-punk revival 3899:A Grand Don't Come for Free 3853:. The Streets' first album 3361:Electronic artists include 2987:Grindcore and extreme metal 2892:Back in the High Life Again 2762:New Testament Church of God 2433:as a vocalist. The group's 2385:after it was championed by 2308:or the sombre post-punk of 1728:dressed in tonic suits and 1304:'s use of loosely stringed 1140:. Their first two singles " 637:Jug o' Punch Folk Song Club 631:song, when their cover of " 141:Bill Haley & His Comets 10: 13667: 13115:Murray, Enda, ed. (1994), 11688:Quinn, Steven (May 2002), 10669:Fontenoy, Richard (2003), 9524:, University of Manchester 9180:, New York, archived from 7635:, Birmingham Music Archive 7416:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas, 6797:Doran, John (6 May 2010), 6057:Nick Drake – The Biography 5937:Petrusich, Amanda (2007), 5238:, Birmingham Music Archive 4767:Nix, Peter (6 June 2013), 4682:, Birmingham Music Archive 4427:National Exhibition Centre 4390: 4057:, the children's music of 3813:marked the birth of a new 3663:, which toured worldwide. 3601:Higher Intelligence Agency 3537:electronic listening music 3505:and the Los Angeles-based 3311:Carling Academy Birmingham 2825:Women Hold Up Half the Sky 2549: 2480:As the 1980s arrived, the 2149:'s Apperley brothers at a 1244:from the Birmingham-based 968:Emerson, Lake & Palmer 905:Carl Wayne and The Vikings 619:. The group's 1962 record 350:" and "This Golden Ring". 319:" reached number 7 in the 13622: 13536: 13490: 13449: 13438: 13404: 13271:, Oxford: Monarch Books, 13173:, London: Omnibus Press, 12988:: 197–229, archived from 12913:Burnham, Anthony (2009), 12630:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 12512:"Cutting-room dancefloor" 11487:, Boulder, CO, p. 50 9807:Biography for Jaki Graham 7657:, in Owuso, Kwesi (ed.), 7497:Weinstein, Deena (2009), 7354:, in Hess, Mickey (ed.), 7292:"Queens of the Stone Age" 6931:Weinstein, Deena (2009), 6728:Journal of Social History 6637:Haggerty, Martin (2003), 6457:Macan, Edward L. (2006), 5410:Perone, James E. (2009), 5284:"The Spencer Davis Group" 5157:Rock Movers & Shakers 4901:, pp. 9, 12, 16, 25. 4802:"The Spencer Davis Group" 3902:and his final 2011 album 3392: 3121:that became known as the 2247:country and western music 2225:, who were led by future 2117:to be better than either 1782:. Their 1978 debut album 1667:who later became part of 934:I Can Hear the Grass Grow 488:The television programme 226:in the spring 1957, with 85:traditional Punjabi music 13350:Birmingham Music Archive 13244:, London: Rough Guides, 13197:, London: Rough Guides, 13142:Reynolds, Simon (2009), 13097:Mudrian, Albert (2004), 12933:Cope, Andrew L. (2010), 12568:Irvin, Jim, ed. (2006), 12541:"No.24 Fyfe Dangerfield" 12006:, New York, 18 July 2011 11261:, Red Bull Music Academy 11214:, Resident Advisor, 2007 10937:"Regis: blood into gold" 10309:Agarwal, Manish (2011), 9385:"Oriental Star Agencies" 9118:Side Line Music Magazine 8638:, Seattle, WA: Digitalis 8519:Heylin, Clinton (2007), 7130:Aberback, Brian (2010), 6424:Southall, Brian (2009), 6391:Heylin, Clinton (2007), 6358:Heylin, Clinton (2007), 6292:Heylin, Clinton (2007), 6259:Heylin, Clinton (2007), 6226:Heylin, Clinton (2012), 5939:"Nick Drake's Pink Moon" 5159:, ABC-CLIO, p. 36, 4993:"Regis: blood into gold" 4866:Heylin, Clinton (2007), 4193:Electric Light Orchestra 3856:Original Pirate Material 2909:, who was brought up in 2739:and carrying a distinct 2723:in 1961, were the first 2703:, Britain's first major 2445:The Raw & the Cooked 2440:The Raw & the Cooked 2007:. The earliest were the 1284:, and the dark sense of 1196:Electric Light Orchestra 1157:Electric Light Orchestra 1013:Emerson, Lake and Palmer 759:company in Birmingham's 587:and in 1956 founded the 446:Danny King and the Dukes 438:El Riot & the Rebels 344:You've Got Your Troubles 228:Pat Wayne and the Deltas 184:Danny King and the Dukes 13238:Shapiro, Peter (1999), 13171:New Romantics: The Look 11822:Zuberi, Nabeel (2001), 11281:"Birmingham And Beyond" 11165:Sand – Still Born Alive 11125:Germ – Artist Biography 10914:LWE Interviews Function 10863:Forward thinking techno 10676:The Rough Guide to Rock 10319:, London: Hachette UK, 9905:Ruby Turner – Soul Diva 9518:Addelman, Mike (2008), 9423:Soho Road to the Punjab 9338:Soho Road to the Punjab 8798:White, Richard (2007), 8765:White, Richard (2007), 8468:The Rough Guide to Punk 8153:The Rough Guide to Rock 8101:Panter, Horace (2009), 7604:, BBC, 21 December 2010 7233:Sinker, Daniel (2008), 6686:Walser, Robert (1993), 6644:The Rough Guide to Rock 6087:MacDonald, Ian (2003), 5977:Graham, George (2013), 5913:"Stranger to the world" 5693:"1970s – major changes" 5662:The Rough Guide to Rock 5655:O' Brien, Paul (2003), 5622:Sweers, Britta (2004), 5571:Ian Campbell: In Memory 5262:The Spencer Davis Group 4807:The Rough Guide to Rock 4570:Street Soul Productions 4330:Stephen "Tin Tin" Duffy 4112:their 2005 first album 4107:in 2002, they moved to 4061:and the soundtracks of 3294:mixing championships). 3270:When hip hop performer 3255:Hip hop and Dance music 3188:from the influences of 2777:as well as Birmingham. 2435:self-titled debut album 2347:Dr Heckle & Mr Jive 1799:song "Men Cry Too" by 1542:traditional heavy metal 1270:melodic pop songwriting 1118:The Spencer Davis Group 589:Ian Campbell Folk Group 442:Denny and the Diplomats 387:The Spencer Davis Group 13034:Hebdige, Dick (1987), 12966:Something in the Water 12464:BBC Birmingham – Music 11699:(3): 2, archived from 10917:, Little White Earbuds 10003:Steve Winwood – Awards 9419:"Bhangra breakthrough" 9383:Zahir, Samina (2013), 9144:"Fine Young Cannibals" 8985:Stubbs, David (2010), 8339:Swell Maps – Biography 8300:Neate, Wilson (1995), 7991:Walker, Klive (2005), 7014:Led Zeppelin Biography 5209:Larkin, Colin (1997), 4511:, Urban Dubz Records, 4414: 4308:, Kelli Dayton of The 4215: 4197:Dexys Midnight Runners 4160:Through the Windowpane 4138: 4118:was nominated for the 4093: 3806: 3727: 3409: 3330:television studios on 3168:-based grindcore band 3105: 3025:Birmingham City Centre 2868:While You See a Chance 2860:sound. His 1980 album 2842: 2787: 2708: 2583:Oriental Star Agencies 2497:Dexys Midnight Runners 2326: 2237:declare Rowland to be 2227:Dexys Midnight Runners 1979:Birmingham's earliest 1838: 1746: 1639: 1578:Birmingham City Centre 1484:, and even the rap of 1388: 1346: 1248: 1160: 1097: 970: 966:performing as part of 883: 859:and the film director 736: 662: 542: 491:Thank Your Lucky Stars 145:Shake, Rattle and Roll 13467:Parks and open spaces 13427:Science and invention 13169:Rimmer, Dave (2003), 13121:(Film), Firbolg Films 13025:Glasper, Ian (2012), 12698:"Shady Bard – Trials" 12224:, Caught by the River 11935:"Sounds Of Blackness" 11779:"Precious Metalheadz" 11485:CMJ New Music Monthly 11285:Trance Europe Express 11146:Marsh, Peter (2002), 10546:"Napalm Death – Scum" 10104:, Performing Artistes 9855:Unterberger, Richie, 9210:, Sputnik Music, 2010 8183:Jones, Dylan (2013), 8146:Luke, George (2003), 7653:Owusu, Kwesi (1999), 7163:Christe, Ian (2004), 6835:, pp. 9, 12, 16. 6740:10.1353/jsh.2010.0015 6580:Miles, Barry (2009), 6202:Unterberger, Richie, 6004:Unterberger, Richie, 5852:Dann, Trevor (2006), 5819:Dann, Trevor (2006), 5657:"Fairport Convention" 5499:Songs of the Midlands 4465:Moseley Folk Festival 4423:O2 Academy Birmingham 4419:National Indoor Arena 4412:National Indoor Arena 4409: 4206: 4134: 4088: 3995:analogue synthesisers 3947:National Public Radio 3824:Asend & Ultravibe 3802: 3723: 3574:, to create a highly 3400: 3227:, moving deeply into 3093: 2873:Back in the High Life 2833: 2783: 2698: 2318: 2064:Misspent Youth (band) 1829: 1785:Handsworth Revolution 1738: 1634: 1526:Unleashed in the East 1383: 1342: 1232: 1154: 1089: 962: 932:. Their 1966 single " 878: 732: 658: 529: 149:Rock Around the Clock 13327:Handsworth Evolution 13324:Valk, Robin (2010), 13268:British Black Gospel 13218:Sarig, Roni (1998), 13187:Ritu, D. J. (1999), 12708:on 26 September 2013 12172:All Songs Considered 11319:on 22 September 2013 11291:on 22 September 2013 9977:Greenwald, Matthew, 7530:Moore, Ryan (2009), 6583:The British Invasion 6150:Nick Drake Biography 5497:Palmer, Roy (1972), 5182:Encyclopedia of Rock 4800:Lynch, Phil (2003), 4555:Hard To Find Records 4284:(former vocalist of 4157:. Their debut album 3834:-based direction of 3751:West Midlands county 3605:Ambient Dub Volume 1 3383:Mistys Big Adventure 3265:Brothers and Sisters 3243:, whose sound mixed 3045:Miles "Rat" Ratledge 2796:contemporary R&B 2411:Fine Young Cannibals 2345:. Their first album 2324:Fine Young Cannibals 1791:The reggae subgenre 1011:and the supergroups 923:classics. Guitarist 757:Wolseley Engineering 621:Ceilidh at the Crown 607:songs, and songs of 577:British folk revival 498:from its studios in 337:pirate radio station 182:. In 1957 he formed 13083:, Birmingham: TGM, 13065:, Birmingham: TGM, 12889:Supersonic Festival 12838:Supersonic Festival 12023:The Daily Telegraph 11572:on 10 November 2013 11521:on 15 November 2013 11168:, Soul Jazz Records 10999:on 7 September 2013 10989:"Sandwell District" 10765:Sicko, Dan (2010), 10588:Napalm Death – Scum 10125:Jamelia – Thank You 9481:, p. 201, 203. 9308:, pp. 206–207. 9269:, pp. 105–106. 9184:on 10 February 2005 9124:on 6 September 2013 8879:Birchmeier, Jason, 8549:, Penny Black Music 8465:Spicer, Al (2006), 7266:Gulla, Bob (2005), 7037:Top-selling artists 6769:"Rocking the world" 6034:The Daily Telegraph 5697:History of Fairport 5310:, pp. 120–121. 4659:on 12 November 2006 4653:New Musical Express 4471:Supersonic Festival 4449:and the Hibernian. 4382:Peter Overend Watts 4120:Mercury Music Prize 4017:stood out from the 3999:The Walker Brothers 3905:Computers and Blues 3631:Lee "Scratch" Perry 3180:and the 1990 album 2945:for "Best Single". 2850:Spencer Davis Group 2678:and throughout the 2676:Indian subcontinent 2592:Anari Sangeet Party 2544:Neds Atomic Dustbin 2536:Pop Will Eat Itself 2113:, considered by DJ 1523:and the live album 1411:. Their 1970 album 1268:Revival and by the 1112:in April 1967 when 671:Fairport Convention 623:was the first live 555:traditional singers 539:Fairport Convention 479:The Dave Clark Five 372:Tossing And Turning 348:Here It Comes Again 325:The Rockin' Berries 260:New Musical Express 131:Early rock and roll 45:Spencer Davis Group 13133:Ogg, Alex (2006), 12995:on 12 October 2013 12788:on 14 October 2013 12460:"Meet the Editors" 12308:on 20 October 2013 11593:Lull – Cold Summer 11410:, Resident Advisor 11188:Artist: tim wright 11026:, Resident Advisor 10720:on 7 February 2009 9959:on 20 October 2013 9787:on 20 October 2013 9754:on 20 October 2013 9334:"Bhangra Business" 8571:, Dusted reviews, 8495:Crow, Joe (2005), 6157:on 3 November 2017 6094:The People's Music 5795:"Joan Armatrading" 4561:and doubles as an 4531:Munchbreak Records 4415: 4354:John Henry Rostill 4216: 4139: 4125:An End Has a Start 4094: 3807: 3745:and brought up in 3728: 3640:Rockers to Rockers 3637:" and debut album 3410: 3371:Experimental music 3367:Bentley Rhythm Ace 3106: 2843: 2788: 2709: 2532:Ocean Colour Scene 2429:-born former punk 2327: 2033:reel-to-reel tapes 1898:erupted in rioting 1856:and white English 1839: 1747: 1640: 1452:, the avant-garde 1427:down-tuned guitars 1389: 1347: 1306:down-tuned guitars 1249: 1161: 1098: 1054:The Birthday Party 971: 884: 865:British folk music 815:three days later. 737: 724:Love and Affection 690:Singer-songwriter 663: 641:Digbeth Civic Hall 613:industrial workers 583:Birmingham writer 543: 471:The Rolling Stones 379:compilation albums 323:in February 1964. 13638: 13637: 13457:Constituent areas 12486:"Violently happy" 12078:Los Angeles Times 11923:, pp. 17–18. 11783:Do Androids Dance 11279:Corrigan, Susan, 11070:Wilson, Richard, 10473:, pp. 34–35. 9636:, pp. 86–87. 9571:, pp. 73–74. 9048:Terry & Gerry 8136:, pp. 92–93. 7096:, pp. 20–21. 7084:, pp. 19–21. 7002:, pp. 23–24. 6897:, pp. 30–32. 6885:, pp. 27–28. 5776:, Open University 5460:, pp. 24–25. 5067:, pp. 19–20. 5055:, pp. 18–19. 5043:, pp. 10–11. 5031:, pp. 17–18. 4954:, pp. 96–97. 4517:Jibbering Records 4513:Badger Promotions 4509:Different Drummer 4457:Party in the Park 4342:Christine Perfect 4292:), Keith Law (of 4163:was described by 3979:Captain Beefheart 3653:Different Drummer 3499:Sandwell District 3455:Downwards Records 3348:The Psychonaughts 3149:saw it reach the 3055:and Birmingham's 2991:In the mid 1980s 2977:psychedelic music 2538:formed in nearby 2391:Terry & Gerry 2205:and his producer 2183:Anarchy in the UK 2160:Bohemian Rhapsody 1675:, which featured 1444:and the birth of 1401:three-chord blues 1336:to new extremes. 1282:modal composition 1253:heavy metal music 1225:Early heavy metal 1181:Sanctuary Records 749:Tanworth-in-Arden 709:Whatever's for Us 591:, initially as a 424:Gimme Some Loving 358:, founded by the 198:began performing 180:Jewellery Quarter 155:'s 1956 singles " 79:emerged from the 13658: 13629: 13628: 13574:Listed buildings 13444: 13422:Military history 13417:Economic history 13396: 13386: 13379: 13372: 13363: 13362: 13338: 13337: 13335: 13320: 13314: 13306: 13288: 13287: 13285: 13261: 13260: 13258: 13234: 13214: 13213: 13211: 13183: 13165: 13164: 13162: 13138: 13129: 13128: 13126: 13111: 13093: 13075: 13057: 13056: 13054: 13030: 13021: 13003: 13002: 13000: 12994: 12979: 12969: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12895: 12881: 12875: 12874: 12872: 12870: 12855: 12849: 12848: 12846: 12844: 12830: 12824: 12823: 12821: 12819: 12804: 12798: 12797: 12795: 12793: 12784:. Archived from 12773: 12767: 12766: 12764: 12762: 12746: 12740: 12739: 12738: 12736: 12723: 12717: 12716: 12715: 12713: 12704:, archived from 12702:Drowned in Sound 12693: 12687: 12686: 12685: 12683: 12667: 12661: 12660: 12659: 12657: 12642: 12636: 12635: 12629: 12621: 12620: 12618: 12602: 12596: 12595: 12594: 12592: 12565: 12556: 12555: 12554: 12552: 12537: 12531: 12530: 12529: 12527: 12507: 12501: 12500: 12499: 12497: 12481: 12475: 12474: 12473: 12471: 12455: 12449: 12448: 12447: 12445: 12429: 12423: 12422: 12421: 12419: 12403: 12397: 12396: 12395: 12393: 12377: 12371: 12365: 12359: 12358: 12350: 12344: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12326: 12317: 12316: 12315: 12313: 12304:, archived from 12293: 12287: 12281: 12275: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12256: 12250: 12249: 12248: 12246: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12215: 12209: 12208: 12207: 12205: 12189: 12183: 12182: 12181: 12179: 12163: 12157: 12151: 12142: 12136: 12127: 12126: 12125: 12123: 12107: 12101: 12095: 12089: 12088: 12087: 12085: 12069: 12063: 12062: 12061: 12059: 12043: 12034: 12033: 12032: 12030: 12014: 12013: 12011: 11996: 11990: 11989: 11988: 11986: 11970: 11964: 11958: 11949: 11948: 11947: 11945: 11930: 11924: 11918: 11912: 11906: 11897: 11891: 11882: 11881: 11880: 11878: 11864: 11858: 11852: 11843: 11842: 11819: 11813: 11807: 11798: 11797: 11796: 11794: 11774: 11765: 11759: 11753: 11752: 11751: 11749: 11733: 11727: 11721: 11715: 11714: 11713: 11711: 11705: 11694: 11685: 11676: 11675: 11674: 11672: 11658: 11652: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11634: 11628: 11627: 11626: 11624: 11611: 11605: 11604: 11603: 11601: 11587: 11581: 11580: 11579: 11577: 11560: 11554: 11553: 11552: 11550: 11536: 11530: 11529: 11528: 11526: 11507: 11496: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11476: 11470: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11452: 11443: 11442: 11441: 11439: 11425: 11419: 11418: 11417: 11415: 11402: 11393: 11392: 11391: 11389: 11376: 11370: 11363: 11357: 11356: 11355: 11353: 11337: 11328: 11327: 11326: 11324: 11312:Waveform Records 11306: 11300: 11299: 11298: 11296: 11287:, archived from 11276: 11270: 11269: 11268: 11266: 11258:Drug Dub 1989–94 11252: 11246: 11245: 11244: 11242: 11229: 11223: 11222: 11221: 11219: 11206: 11200: 11199: 11198: 11196: 11183: 11177: 11176: 11175: 11173: 11160: 11159: 11157: 11143: 11137: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11119: 11110: 11109: 11108: 11106: 11091: 11085: 11084: 11083: 11081: 11067: 11061: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11041: 11035: 11034: 11033: 11031: 11017: 11008: 11007: 11006: 11004: 10995:, archived from 10984: 10978: 10977: 10976: 10974: 10967:Electronic Beats 10958: 10952: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10932: 10926: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10908: 10902: 10901: 10900: 10898: 10887:Glazer, Joshua, 10884: 10875: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10858: 10852: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10832: 10826: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10795: 10789: 10788: 10787: 10785: 10762: 10753: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10735: 10729: 10728: 10727: 10725: 10708: 10697: 10696: 10695: 10693: 10666: 10660: 10654: 10648: 10647: 10646: 10644: 10630: 10624: 10618: 10612: 10606: 10600: 10599: 10598: 10596: 10582: 10573: 10567: 10561: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10550:Record Collector 10541: 10535: 10529: 10523: 10522: 10521: 10519: 10504: 10498: 10492: 10486: 10480: 10474: 10468: 10462: 10456: 10450: 10444: 10438: 10432: 10426: 10420: 10414: 10408: 10402: 10396: 10390: 10384: 10378: 10372: 10366: 10360: 10354: 10348: 10337: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10306: 10300: 10299: 10298: 10296: 10273: 10267: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10247: 10241: 10240: 10239: 10237: 10221: 10215: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10195: 10189: 10188: 10187: 10185: 10169: 10163: 10162: 10161: 10159: 10143: 10137: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10119: 10113: 10112: 10111: 10109: 10096: 10090: 10089: 10088: 10086: 10070: 10064: 10063: 10062: 10060: 10046: 10040: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10021: 10015: 10014: 10013: 10011: 9998: 9992: 9991: 9990: 9988: 9974: 9968: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9947: 9941: 9940: 9939: 9937: 9923: 9917: 9916: 9915: 9913: 9900: 9894: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9876: 9870: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9852: 9846: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9825: 9819: 9818: 9817: 9815: 9802: 9796: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9786: 9779: 9769: 9763: 9762: 9761: 9759: 9742: 9736: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9718: 9712: 9706: 9700: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9682: 9673: 9667: 9661: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9643: 9637: 9631: 9625: 9619: 9608: 9602: 9596: 9590: 9584: 9578: 9572: 9566: 9560: 9554: 9545: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9531: 9529: 9515: 9509: 9503: 9497: 9491: 9482: 9476: 9470: 9469: 9468: 9466: 9452: 9446: 9440: 9434: 9433: 9432: 9430: 9415: 9409: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9380: 9374: 9373: 9372: 9370: 9355: 9349: 9348: 9347: 9345: 9330: 9321: 9315: 9309: 9303: 9294: 9288: 9282: 9276: 9270: 9264: 9258: 9252: 9243: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9228:Greene, Jo-Ann, 9225: 9219: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9202: 9193: 9192: 9191: 9189: 9169: 9163: 9162: 9161: 9159: 9150:, archived from 9142:Nimmervoll, Ed, 9139: 9133: 9132: 9131: 9129: 9109: 9103: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9084: 9083: 9081: 9066: 9060: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9018: 9012: 9006: 9000: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8959: 8953: 8952: 8951: 8949: 8935: 8929: 8928:, pp. 3, 5. 8923: 8917: 8916: 8915: 8913: 8900: 8894: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8876: 8870: 8869: 8852: 8846: 8845: 8828: 8822: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8795: 8789: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8762: 8756: 8750: 8744: 8738: 8732: 8726: 8720: 8714: 8708: 8702: 8696: 8690: 8684: 8678: 8672: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8653: 8647: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8627: 8621: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8602: 8596: 8590: 8584: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8540: 8534: 8533: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8462: 8451: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8442:, Detour records 8432: 8426: 8420: 8411: 8405: 8399: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8369: 8363: 8357: 8351: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8334: 8328: 8322: 8316: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8297: 8288: 8282: 8271: 8265: 8259: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8239: 8233: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8213: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8143: 8137: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8098: 8089: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8074:Greene, Jo-Ann, 8071: 8065: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8050:Anderson, Rick, 8047: 8041: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8013: 8011: 7988: 7982: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7964: 7951: 7950:, part 2 – 4.30. 7945: 7939: 7938:, part 2 – 3.02. 7933: 7927: 7921: 7915: 7909: 7903: 7902:, part 1, 11:40. 7897: 7891: 7885: 7879: 7878:, part 3, 11:55. 7873: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7840: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7831:, AllMusic, Ravi 7822: 7816: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7789: 7783: 7777: 7771: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7732: 7726: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7650: 7644: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7626: 7613: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7596: 7587: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7560: 7554: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7527: 7521: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7494: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7413: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7230: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7193: 7184: 7183: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7119: 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6115: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6084: 6078: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6051: 6045: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6001: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5974: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5816: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5767: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5724:Joan Armatrading 5718: 5712: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5583: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5494: 5485: 5484: 5467: 5461: 5455: 5449: 5443: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5320: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5256: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5176: 5170: 5169: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5117:"The Applejacks" 5113: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5089: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5006: 5004: 4988: 4982: 4981: 4964: 4955: 4949: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4913: 4902: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4839: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4797: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4743: 4737: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4655:, archived from 4644: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4609: 4594: 4588: 4461:Cannon Hill Park 4439:Drum Arts Centre 4376:(guitar/vocals, 4336:(keyboardist of 4316:(guitarist with 4155:Fyfe Dangerfield 3710:Eraldo Bernocchi 3568:electronic music 3490:City and at the 3471:industrial music 3451:Birmingham sound 3434:in Birmingham's 3430:label, based in 3407:Birmingham sound 3401:DJ and producer 3356:Scratch Perverts 3225:electronic music 3194:industrial music 3186:industrial metal 3099:industrial metal 3097:performing with 3095:Justin Broadrick 3077:industrial music 3067:in Birmingham's 3065:Justin Broadrick 3029:Justin Broadrick 2995:in Birmingham's 2965:2013 BRIT Awards 2888:The Finer Things 2806:and educated in 2758:Majestic Singers 2748:was recorded by 2733:negro spirituals 2713:Singing Stewarts 2701:Singing Stewarts 2425:– who recruited 2383:UK Singles Chart 2260:were, alongside 2219:Public Image Ltd 2038:alternative rock 2013:Epic Soundtracks 1949:Joan Armatrading 1753:, who formed in 1602:rhythm and blues 1169:psychedelic rock 1116:decided to quit 1093:performing with 893:progressive rock 829:alternative rock 782:Five Leaves Left 767:in Birmingham's 765:tutorial college 745:commuter village 719:Joan Armatrading 692:Joan Armatrading 680:Liege & Lief 660:Joan Armatrading 559:Cecilia Costello 537:performing with 391:rhythm and blues 321:UK Singles Chart 311:, who signed to 281:rhythm and blues 192:rhythm and blues 161:Blue Suede Shoes 143:' 1954 singles " 121:industrial music 113:Birmingham sound 49:rhythm and blues 38:electronic music 13666: 13665: 13661: 13660: 13659: 13657: 13656: 13655: 13641: 13640: 13639: 13634: 13618: 13554:Classical music 13532: 13486: 13445: 13436: 13400: 13390: 13346: 13341: 13333: 13331: 13308: 13307: 13304: 13283: 13281: 13279: 13256: 13254: 13252: 13232: 13209: 13207: 13205: 13181: 13160: 13158: 13156: 13124: 13122: 13109: 13091: 13081:Brum rocked on! 13073: 13052: 13050: 13048: 13019: 12998: 12996: 12992: 12977: 12955: 12953: 12951: 12924: 12922: 12908: 12903: 12893: 12891: 12883: 12882: 12878: 12868: 12866: 12857: 12856: 12852: 12842: 12840: 12832: 12831: 12827: 12817: 12815: 12805: 12801: 12791: 12789: 12774: 12770: 12760: 12758: 12755:The Independent 12747: 12743: 12734: 12732: 12725: 12724: 12720: 12711: 12709: 12694: 12690: 12681: 12679: 12668: 12664: 12655: 12653: 12651:Stylus Magazine 12643: 12639: 12623: 12622: 12616: 12614: 12603: 12599: 12590: 12588: 12586: 12566: 12559: 12550: 12548: 12545:Birmingham Post 12539: 12538: 12534: 12525: 12523: 12522:on 30 June 2012 12516:Montreal Mirror 12508: 12504: 12495: 12493: 12482: 12478: 12469: 12467: 12456: 12452: 12443: 12441: 12432:Ankeny, Jason, 12430: 12426: 12417: 12415: 12412:The Independent 12404: 12400: 12391: 12389: 12378: 12374: 12366: 12362: 12351: 12347: 12338: 12336: 12329:Ankeny, Jason, 12327: 12320: 12311: 12309: 12294: 12290: 12282: 12278: 12269: 12267: 12264:Birmingham Mail 12258: 12257: 12253: 12244: 12242: 12227: 12225: 12216: 12212: 12203: 12201: 12190: 12186: 12177: 12175: 12164: 12160: 12152: 12145: 12137: 12130: 12121: 12119: 12116:Birmingham Post 12108: 12104: 12096: 12092: 12083: 12081: 12070: 12066: 12057: 12055: 12044: 12037: 12028: 12026: 12009: 12007: 11998: 11997: 11993: 11984: 11982: 11971: 11967: 11959: 11952: 11943: 11941: 11931: 11927: 11919: 11915: 11907: 11900: 11892: 11885: 11876: 11874: 11865: 11861: 11853: 11846: 11840: 11820: 11816: 11808: 11801: 11792: 11790: 11789:on 10 July 2014 11775: 11768: 11760: 11756: 11747: 11745: 11734: 11730: 11722: 11718: 11709: 11707: 11706:on 9 April 2011 11703: 11697:Transformations 11692: 11686: 11679: 11670: 11668: 11659: 11655: 11646: 11644: 11635: 11631: 11622: 11620: 11613: 11612: 11608: 11599: 11597: 11588: 11584: 11575: 11573: 11562: 11561: 11557: 11548: 11546: 11545:, Trouser Press 11537: 11533: 11524: 11522: 11509: 11508: 11499: 11490: 11488: 11481:"Rockers Hi-Fi" 11477: 11473: 11464: 11462: 11453: 11446: 11437: 11435: 11426: 11422: 11413: 11411: 11404: 11403: 11396: 11387: 11385: 11378: 11377: 11373: 11364: 11360: 11351: 11349: 11338: 11331: 11322: 11320: 11307: 11303: 11294: 11292: 11277: 11273: 11264: 11262: 11253: 11249: 11240: 11238: 11231: 11230: 11226: 11217: 11215: 11208: 11207: 11203: 11194: 11192: 11185: 11184: 11180: 11171: 11169: 11162: 11155: 11153: 11144: 11140: 11131: 11129: 11120: 11113: 11104: 11102: 11092: 11088: 11079: 11077: 11068: 11064: 11055: 11053: 11042: 11038: 11029: 11027: 11018: 11011: 11002: 11000: 10985: 10981: 10972: 10970: 10959: 10955: 10946: 10944: 10933: 10929: 10920: 10918: 10909: 10905: 10896: 10894: 10885: 10878: 10869: 10867: 10860: 10859: 10855: 10846: 10844: 10833: 10829: 10820: 10818: 10816: 10796: 10792: 10783: 10781: 10779: 10763: 10756: 10747: 10745: 10744:, Trouser Press 10736: 10732: 10723: 10721: 10710: 10709: 10700: 10691: 10689: 10687: 10667: 10663: 10655: 10651: 10642: 10640: 10631: 10627: 10619: 10615: 10607: 10603: 10594: 10592: 10583: 10576: 10568: 10564: 10555: 10553: 10542: 10538: 10530: 10526: 10517: 10515: 10505: 10501: 10493: 10489: 10481: 10477: 10469: 10465: 10457: 10453: 10445: 10441: 10433: 10429: 10421: 10417: 10409: 10405: 10397: 10393: 10385: 10381: 10373: 10369: 10361: 10357: 10349: 10340: 10331: 10329: 10327: 10307: 10303: 10294: 10292: 10290: 10274: 10270: 10261: 10259: 10248: 10244: 10235: 10233: 10222: 10218: 10209: 10207: 10196: 10192: 10183: 10181: 10178:The Independent 10170: 10166: 10157: 10155: 10144: 10140: 10131: 10129: 10120: 10116: 10107: 10105: 10098: 10097: 10093: 10084: 10082: 10079:The Independent 10071: 10067: 10058: 10056: 10049:Cordor, Cyril, 10047: 10043: 10034: 10032: 10023: 10022: 10018: 10009: 10007: 10000: 9999: 9995: 9986: 9984: 9975: 9971: 9962: 9960: 9949: 9948: 9944: 9935: 9933: 9924: 9920: 9911: 9909: 9902: 9901: 9897: 9888: 9886: 9877: 9873: 9864: 9862: 9853: 9849: 9840: 9838: 9827: 9826: 9822: 9813: 9811: 9804: 9803: 9799: 9790: 9788: 9784: 9777: 9771: 9770: 9766: 9757: 9755: 9744: 9743: 9739: 9730: 9728: 9719: 9715: 9707: 9703: 9694: 9692: 9691:, Cross Rhythms 9683: 9676: 9668: 9664: 9655: 9653: 9652:, Cross Rhythms 9644: 9640: 9632: 9628: 9620: 9611: 9603: 9599: 9591: 9587: 9579: 9575: 9567: 9563: 9555: 9548: 9540: 9536: 9527: 9525: 9516: 9512: 9504: 9500: 9492: 9485: 9477: 9473: 9464: 9462: 9455:Harris, Craig, 9453: 9449: 9441: 9437: 9428: 9426: 9417: 9416: 9412: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9381: 9377: 9368: 9366: 9356: 9352: 9343: 9341: 9332: 9331: 9324: 9316: 9312: 9304: 9297: 9289: 9285: 9277: 9273: 9265: 9261: 9253: 9246: 9237: 9235: 9226: 9222: 9213: 9211: 9204: 9203: 9196: 9187: 9185: 9170: 9166: 9157: 9155: 9140: 9136: 9127: 9125: 9110: 9106: 9097: 9095: 9093:Louder than War 9079: 9077: 9067: 9063: 9054: 9052: 9045:Harris, Craig, 9043: 9039: 9030: 9028: 9019: 9015: 9007: 9003: 8994: 8992: 8983: 8979: 8970: 8968: 8961: 8960: 8956: 8947: 8945: 8938:Kellman, Andy, 8936: 8932: 8924: 8920: 8911: 8909: 8902: 8901: 8897: 8888: 8886: 8877: 8873: 8867: 8853: 8849: 8843: 8829: 8825: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8796: 8792: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8763: 8759: 8751: 8747: 8739: 8735: 8727: 8723: 8715: 8711: 8703: 8699: 8691: 8687: 8679: 8675: 8666: 8664: 8654: 8650: 8641: 8639: 8628: 8624: 8615: 8613: 8603: 8599: 8591: 8587: 8578: 8576: 8573:Dusted Magazine 8565: 8561: 8552: 8550: 8541: 8537: 8531: 8517: 8513: 8504: 8502: 8498:A Knot of Truth 8493: 8489: 8483: 8463: 8454: 8445: 8443: 8440:Bored Teenagers 8434: 8433: 8429: 8421: 8414: 8406: 8402: 8394: 8390: 8382: 8378: 8370: 8366: 8358: 8354: 8345: 8343: 8336: 8335: 8331: 8323: 8319: 8310: 8308: 8298: 8291: 8283: 8274: 8266: 8262: 8253: 8251: 8240: 8236: 8227: 8225: 8222:The Independent 8214: 8210: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8181: 8177: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8144: 8140: 8132: 8128: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8099: 8092: 8083: 8081: 8072: 8068: 8059: 8057: 8048: 8044: 8035: 8033: 8022: 8018: 8009: 8007: 8005: 7989: 7985: 7976: 7974: 7965: 7954: 7946: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7926:, part 2, 1:04. 7922: 7918: 7910: 7906: 7898: 7894: 7890:, part 2, 0:30. 7886: 7882: 7874: 7870: 7862: 7858: 7850: 7843: 7834: 7832: 7823: 7819: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7790: 7786: 7778: 7774: 7766: 7762: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7733: 7729: 7721: 7717: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7688: 7684: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7651: 7647: 7638: 7636: 7629: 7627: 7616: 7607: 7605: 7598: 7597: 7590: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7561: 7557: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7528: 7524: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7495: 7491: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7462: 7458: 7449: 7447: 7438: 7434: 7425: 7423: 7414: 7407: 7398: 7396: 7385: 7381: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7348: 7344: 7335: 7333: 7326: 7325: 7321: 7312: 7310: 7308: 7288: 7284: 7278: 7264: 7260: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7231: 7227: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7198:"Black Sabbath" 7194: 7187: 7181: 7161: 7157: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7128: 7124: 7115: 7113: 7104: 7100: 7092: 7088: 7080: 7076: 7068: 7064: 7056: 7052: 7043: 7041: 7034: 7033: 7029: 7020: 7018: 7011: 7010: 7006: 6998: 6994: 6986: 6982: 6974: 6970: 6962: 6958: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6929: 6925: 6917: 6913: 6905: 6901: 6893: 6889: 6881: 6877: 6868: 6866: 6863:The Independent 6855: 6851: 6843: 6839: 6831: 6827: 6819: 6815: 6806: 6804: 6795: 6786: 6777: 6775: 6765: 6761: 6752: 6750: 6723: 6717: 6713: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6684: 6680: 6672: 6668: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6635: 6631: 6622: 6620: 6611: 6607: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6578: 6574: 6565: 6563: 6554: 6550: 6544: 6530: 6526: 6517: 6515: 6504: 6500: 6491: 6489: 6479: 6475: 6469: 6455: 6451: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6422: 6418: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6389: 6385: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6356: 6352: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6323: 6319: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6290: 6286: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6257: 6253: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6229:All the Mad Men 6224: 6220: 6211: 6209: 6200: 6196: 6187: 6185: 6176: 6169: 6160: 6158: 6147: 6146: 6142: 6133: 6131: 6122: 6118: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6085: 6081: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6052: 6048: 6039: 6037: 6026: 6022: 6013: 6011: 6002: 5995: 5986: 5984: 5975: 5966: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5935: 5931: 5922: 5920: 5909: 5905: 5896: 5894: 5883: 5879: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5850: 5846: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5817: 5813: 5804: 5802: 5799:Keeping it Peel 5793: 5792: 5788: 5779: 5777: 5768: 5764: 5755: 5753: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5730: 5728: 5719: 5715: 5706: 5704: 5703:on 4 March 2012 5691: 5690: 5686: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5653: 5649: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5620: 5616: 5605: 5601: 5593: 5586: 5577: 5575: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5557: 5543: 5539: 5530: 5528: 5525:The Independent 5517: 5513: 5495: 5488: 5482: 5468: 5464: 5456: 5452: 5444: 5437: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5408: 5404: 5395: 5393: 5384: 5380: 5371: 5369: 5368:on 2 April 2015 5362:The Independent 5354: 5350: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5321: 5314: 5306: 5302: 5293: 5291: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5268: 5266: 5257: 5250: 5241: 5239: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5207: 5203: 5197: 5177: 5173: 5167: 5153: 5149: 5141: 5134: 5125: 5123: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5101: 5099: 5090: 5083: 5075: 5071: 5063: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5039: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5002: 5000: 4989: 4985: 4979: 4965: 4958: 4950: 4943: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4914: 4905: 4897: 4893: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4864: 4860: 4851: 4849: 4840: 4831: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4798: 4787: 4778: 4776: 4765: 4761: 4753: 4746: 4738: 4719: 4710: 4708: 4698: 4694: 4685: 4683: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4662: 4660: 4645: 4632: 4623: 4621: 4614:"The Idle Race" 4610: 4597: 4593:, pp. 8–9. 4589: 4582: 4578: 4501:Network Records 4435:Custard Factory 4404: 4399: 4296:& Jardine) 4266: 4256:The Independent 4229:Since 2012 the 4189:Stylus Magazine 4128:sold platinum. 4083: 3914: 3865:British rappers 3718: 3553: 3487:Eyeless in Gaza 3432:Stratford House 3428:Network Records 3395: 3352:Andy Weatherall 3346:, and bringing 3284:Moorish Delta 7 3272:Afrika Bambaata 3261:Moorish Delta 7 3257: 3198:Nine Inch Nails 3015:; and the band 2989: 2981:retro-futurists 2750:Cyril Stapleton 2737:Southern gospel 2735:to traditional 2693: 2680:Indian Diaspora 2671:film industry. 2655:in Handsworth. 2596:Bhujhangy Group 2576:Indian diaspora 2552: 2470:Martin Degville 2454: 2298: 2215:Dangerous Girls 2213:. The all-male 2199:Dansette Damage 2092:Martin Degville 1987:and mainstream 1977: 1755:Handsworth Wood 1570: 1520:Killing Machine 1478:Alice in Chains 1330:Marshall Stacks 1300:developed, and 1227: 1167:a cult British 1146:Hole in My Shoe 1037:The Nightriders 995:second only to 873: 812:Birmingham Post 807:antidepressants 524: 494:, broadcast by 434:The Moody Blues 420:Keep on Running 411:Chris Blackwell 248: 133: 12: 11: 5: 13664: 13654: 13653: 13636: 13635: 13623: 13620: 13619: 13617: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13566: 13564:Food and drink 13561: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13540: 13538: 13534: 13533: 13531: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13494: 13492: 13488: 13487: 13485: 13484: 13479: 13477:Tall buildings 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13453: 13451: 13447: 13446: 13439: 13437: 13435: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13408: 13406: 13402: 13401: 13389: 13388: 13381: 13374: 13366: 13360: 13359: 13353: 13345: 13344:External links 13342: 13340: 13339: 13321: 13303:978-0826474360 13302: 13289: 13278:978-1854248961 13277: 13262: 13251:978-1858284330 13250: 13235: 13231:978-0823076697 13230: 13215: 13204:978-1858286358 13203: 13184: 13180:978-0711993969 13179: 13166: 13155:978-0571252275 13154: 13139: 13130: 13112: 13108:978-1932595048 13107: 13094: 13090:978-0953695157 13089: 13076: 13072:978-0953695102 13071: 13058: 13047:978-0203359280 13046: 13031: 13022: 13018:978-0709302568 13017: 13004: 12970: 12961: 12950:978-0754668817 12949: 12930: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12901: 12876: 12865:. 2 April 2007 12850: 12825: 12809:"B-Town Bands" 12799: 12768: 12741: 12718: 12688: 12662: 12637: 12597: 12585:978-1847676436 12584: 12557: 12532: 12502: 12476: 12450: 12424: 12398: 12372: 12360: 12345: 12318: 12288: 12276: 12251: 12210: 12200:, inthemix Pty 12184: 12158: 12143: 12128: 12102: 12090: 12064: 12035: 11991: 11965: 11950: 11925: 11913: 11898: 11883: 11859: 11844: 11839:978-0252026201 11838: 11814: 11799: 11766: 11754: 11728: 11726:, p. 155. 11716: 11677: 11653: 11637:Raggett, Ned, 11629: 11606: 11590:Raggett, Ned, 11582: 11555: 11539:Christe, Ian, 11531: 11497: 11471: 11444: 11420: 11394: 11371: 11358: 11346:Sound on Sound 11329: 11309:Watson, Mike, 11301: 11271: 11247: 11224: 11201: 11178: 11138: 11122:Cooper, Sean, 11111: 11086: 11062: 11036: 11009: 10993:Altered States 10979: 10953: 10927: 10903: 10890:Disintegration 10876: 10853: 10827: 10815:978-0313341991 10814: 10790: 10778:978-0814337127 10777: 10754: 10738:Christe, Ian, 10730: 10698: 10686:978-1843531050 10685: 10661: 10649: 10625: 10613: 10601: 10585:Raggett, Ned, 10574: 10562: 10536: 10524: 10499: 10487: 10475: 10463: 10451: 10439: 10427: 10415: 10403: 10391: 10379: 10367: 10355: 10338: 10326:978-1844037148 10325: 10301: 10289:978-0857852212 10288: 10268: 10242: 10216: 10190: 10164: 10138: 10122:O'Brien, Jon, 10114: 10091: 10065: 10041: 10016: 9993: 9969: 9942: 9918: 9895: 9871: 9847: 9837:on 14 May 2011 9820: 9797: 9764: 9737: 9721:Demalon, Tom, 9713: 9711:, p. 110. 9701: 9674: 9662: 9638: 9626: 9609: 9607:, p. 209. 9597: 9585: 9573: 9561: 9546: 9534: 9510: 9508:, p. 204. 9498: 9496:, p. 203. 9483: 9471: 9458:Chirag Pehchan 9447: 9435: 9410: 9398:978-1134700240 9397: 9375: 9350: 9322: 9320:, p. 199. 9310: 9295: 9293:, p. 197. 9283: 9281:, p. 106. 9271: 9259: 9257:, p. 100. 9244: 9220: 9194: 9164: 9154:on 1 July 2015 9134: 9104: 9061: 9037: 9021:Deming, Mark, 9013: 9011:, p. 218. 9001: 8977: 8954: 8930: 8918: 8895: 8871: 8866:978-1901447248 8865: 8847: 8842:978-1901447248 8841: 8823: 8811:978-0857120663 8810: 8790: 8778:978-0857120663 8777: 8757: 8745: 8733: 8721: 8709: 8697: 8685: 8673: 8648: 8636:Foxy Digitalis 8622: 8607:"The Prefects" 8597: 8585: 8559: 8535: 8530:978-0670916061 8529: 8511: 8487: 8482:978-1843534730 8481: 8452: 8427: 8412: 8400: 8388: 8376: 8374:, p. 224. 8364: 8352: 8342:, Amoeba Music 8329: 8327:, p. 244. 8317: 8289: 8272: 8260: 8234: 8208: 8196:978-1409052258 8195: 8175: 8163:978-1843531050 8162: 8148:"The Specials" 8138: 8126: 8114:978-0330508216 8113: 8090: 8066: 8042: 8016: 8004:978-1897414606 8003: 7983: 7952: 7940: 7928: 7916: 7904: 7892: 7880: 7868: 7856: 7841: 7817: 7805:978-0099476542 7804: 7784: 7772: 7760: 7748:978-0198279822 7747: 7727: 7715: 7703:978-0198279822 7702: 7682: 7670:978-0415178464 7669: 7645: 7614: 7588: 7576:978-0710001429 7575: 7555: 7543:978-0814796030 7542: 7522: 7510:978-0786751037 7509: 7489: 7477:978-1573445641 7476: 7456: 7432: 7405: 7379: 7367:978-0313343216 7366: 7342: 7319: 7307:978-0826482174 7306: 7282: 7277:978-0313329814 7276: 7258: 7246:978-1933354323 7245: 7225: 7213:978-0826482174 7212: 7185: 7180:978-0380811274 7179: 7155: 7143:978-0766033795 7142: 7122: 7098: 7086: 7074: 7072:, pp. 19. 7062: 7060:, pp. 15. 7050: 7027: 7004: 6992: 6980: 6968: 6956: 6944:978-0786751037 6943: 6923: 6911: 6899: 6887: 6875: 6849: 6837: 6825: 6813: 6784: 6759: 6711: 6699:978-0819562609 6698: 6678: 6666: 6654:978-1843531050 6653: 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122. 5132: 5108: 5081: 5069: 5057: 5045: 5033: 5021: 5009: 4983: 4978:978-0195313734 4977: 4956: 4941: 4929:978-0306483219 4928: 4903: 4891: 4879:978-1841959559 4878: 4858: 4829: 4817:978-1843531050 4816: 4785: 4759: 4744: 4742:, p. 354. 4717: 4692: 4669: 4630: 4595: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4563:Afro-Caribbean 4543:Circle Studios 4479:Richard Dawson 4403: 4400: 4334:Fritz Mcintyre 4265: 4262: 4082: 4079: 3963:Owen Hatherley 3930:retro-futurist 3913: 3912:Retro-futurism 3910: 3869:Brummie accent 3717: 3714: 3613:Leamington Spa 3560:Beyond Records 3552: 3549: 3507:Silent Servant 3394: 3391: 3282:DJs including 3256: 3253: 3061:cassette tapes 3013:musical genres 2988: 2985: 2979:of Birmingham 2863:Arc of a Diver 2858:blue-eyed soul 2729:Charles Parker 2692: 2689: 2622:Chirag Pehchan 2551: 2548: 2528:The Lilac Time 2453: 2450: 2297: 2294: 2262:Stoke-on-Trent 2193:. A review of 2139:New York Dolls 2088:BBC Television 2068:New York Dolls 2058:Thurston Moore 2019:, inspired by 1976: 1973: 1969:Desmond Dekker 1945:Everett Morton 1943:-born drummer 1878:2 Tone Records 1833:, from nearby 1569: 1568:Ska and reggae 1566: 1564:of the 1980s. 1480:, Californian 1226: 1223: 1183:in 2002. Also 1106:The Elbow Room 1009:Atomic Rooster 872: 869: 675:Dave Swarbrick 585:George Thomson 563:oral tradition 531:Dave Swarbrick 523: 520: 496:ABC Weekend TV 415:Island Records 356:The Ivy League 340:Radio Caroline 309:The Applejacks 247: 244: 176:Big Joe Turner 132: 129: 117:Detroit techno 19:'s culture of 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13663: 13652: 13649: 13648: 13646: 13633: 13632: 13621: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13594:Popular music 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13541: 13539: 13535: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13495: 13493: 13489: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13472:Redevelopment 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13454: 13452: 13448: 13443: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13409: 13407: 13403: 13399: 13395: 13387: 13382: 13380: 13375: 13373: 13368: 13367: 13364: 13357: 13354: 13351: 13348: 13347: 13329: 13328: 13322: 13318: 13312: 13305: 13299: 13295: 13290: 13280: 13274: 13270: 13269: 13263: 13253: 13247: 13243: 13242: 13236: 13233: 13227: 13223: 13222: 13216: 13206: 13200: 13196: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13182: 13176: 13172: 13167: 13157: 13151: 13147: 13146: 13140: 13136: 13131: 13120: 13119: 13113: 13110: 13104: 13100: 13095: 13092: 13086: 13082: 13077: 13074: 13068: 13064: 13059: 13049: 13043: 13039: 13038: 13032: 13028: 13023: 13020: 13014: 13010: 13005: 12991: 12987: 12983: 12976: 12971: 12967: 12962: 12952: 12946: 12942: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12920: 12919:FACT Magazine 12916: 12911: 12910: 12890: 12886: 12880: 12864: 12863:Business Live 12860: 12854: 12839: 12835: 12829: 12814: 12810: 12803: 12787: 12783: 12779: 12772: 12756: 12752: 12745: 12730: 12729: 12722: 12707: 12703: 12699: 12692: 12677: 12673: 12666: 12652: 12648: 12641: 12633: 12627: 12612: 12608: 12601: 12587: 12581: 12577: 12576: 12571: 12564: 12562: 12546: 12542: 12536: 12521: 12517: 12513: 12506: 12491: 12487: 12480: 12465: 12461: 12454: 12439: 12435: 12428: 12413: 12409: 12402: 12387: 12383: 12376: 12370:, p. 30. 12369: 12364: 12356: 12349: 12334: 12333: 12325: 12323: 12307: 12303: 12302:Hidden Tracks 12299: 12292: 12286:, p. 32. 12285: 12280: 12265: 12261: 12255: 12240: 12239: 12223: 12222: 12214: 12199: 12195: 12188: 12173: 12169: 12162: 12156:, p. 28. 12155: 12150: 12148: 12141:, p. 31. 12140: 12135: 12133: 12117: 12113: 12106: 12100:, p. 22. 12099: 12094: 12080:, Los Angeles 12079: 12075: 12068: 12053: 12049: 12042: 12040: 12024: 12020: 12005: 12004:Rolling Stone 12001: 11995: 11980: 11976: 11969: 11963:, p. 18. 11962: 11957: 11955: 11940: 11936: 11929: 11922: 11917: 11911:, p. 36. 11910: 11905: 11903: 11896:, p. 17. 11895: 11890: 11888: 11872: 11871: 11863: 11857:, p. 81. 11856: 11851: 11849: 11841: 11835: 11831: 11827: 11826: 11818: 11812:, p. 80. 11811: 11806: 11804: 11788: 11784: 11780: 11773: 11771: 11764:, p. 79. 11763: 11758: 11743: 11739: 11732: 11725: 11720: 11702: 11698: 11691: 11684: 11682: 11666: 11665: 11657: 11642: 11641: 11633: 11618: 11617: 11610: 11595: 11594: 11586: 11571: 11567: 11566: 11559: 11544: 11543: 11535: 11520: 11516: 11512: 11506: 11504: 11502: 11486: 11482: 11475: 11460: 11459: 11451: 11449: 11433: 11432: 11431:Banco de Gaia 11424: 11409: 11408: 11401: 11399: 11383: 11382: 11375: 11368: 11362: 11347: 11343: 11336: 11334: 11318: 11314: 11313: 11305: 11290: 11286: 11282: 11275: 11260: 11259: 11251: 11236: 11235: 11228: 11213: 11212: 11205: 11190: 11189: 11182: 11167: 11166: 11151: 11150: 11142: 11127: 11126: 11118: 11116: 11101: 11097: 11090: 11075: 11074: 11066: 11051: 11050:FACT Magazine 11047: 11040: 11025: 11024: 11016: 11014: 10998: 10994: 10990: 10983: 10968: 10964: 10957: 10942: 10941:FACT Magazine 10938: 10931: 10916: 10915: 10907: 10892: 10891: 10883: 10881: 10865: 10864: 10857: 10842: 10838: 10831: 10817: 10811: 10807: 10806: 10801: 10794: 10780: 10774: 10770: 10769: 10761: 10759: 10743: 10742: 10734: 10719: 10715: 10714: 10707: 10705: 10703: 10688: 10682: 10678: 10677: 10672: 10665: 10658: 10653: 10638: 10637: 10633:Prato, Greg, 10629: 10622: 10617: 10610: 10605: 10590: 10589: 10581: 10579: 10571: 10566: 10551: 10547: 10540: 10533: 10528: 10514: 10510: 10503: 10496: 10491: 10484: 10479: 10472: 10467: 10460: 10455: 10448: 10443: 10437:, p. 31. 10436: 10431: 10424: 10419: 10413:, p. 28. 10412: 10407: 10401:, p. 27. 10400: 10395: 10388: 10383: 10376: 10371: 10365:, p. 33. 10364: 10359: 10353:, p. 32. 10352: 10347: 10345: 10343: 10328: 10322: 10318: 10317: 10312: 10305: 10291: 10285: 10281: 10280: 10272: 10257: 10253: 10246: 10231: 10227: 10220: 10205: 10201: 10194: 10179: 10175: 10168: 10153: 10149: 10142: 10127: 10126: 10118: 10103: 10102: 10095: 10080: 10076: 10069: 10054: 10053: 10045: 10030: 10026: 10020: 10005: 10004: 9997: 9982: 9981: 9973: 9958: 9954: 9953: 9946: 9931: 9930: 9929:Steve Winwood 9926:Huey, Steve, 9922: 9907: 9906: 9899: 9884: 9883: 9879:Eder, Bruce, 9875: 9860: 9859: 9851: 9836: 9832: 9831: 9824: 9809: 9808: 9801: 9783: 9776: 9775: 9768: 9753: 9749: 9748: 9741: 9726: 9725: 9717: 9710: 9705: 9690: 9689: 9681: 9679: 9672:, p. 87. 9671: 9666: 9651: 9650: 9642: 9635: 9630: 9624:, p. 86. 9623: 9618: 9616: 9614: 9606: 9601: 9595:, p. 73. 9594: 9589: 9583:, p. 75. 9582: 9577: 9570: 9565: 9559:, p. 14. 9558: 9553: 9551: 9544:, p. 31. 9543: 9538: 9523: 9522: 9514: 9507: 9502: 9495: 9490: 9488: 9480: 9475: 9460: 9459: 9451: 9445:, p. 84. 9444: 9439: 9424: 9420: 9414: 9400: 9394: 9390: 9386: 9379: 9365: 9361: 9354: 9339: 9335: 9329: 9327: 9319: 9314: 9307: 9302: 9300: 9292: 9287: 9280: 9275: 9268: 9263: 9256: 9251: 9249: 9233: 9232: 9224: 9209: 9208: 9201: 9199: 9183: 9179: 9175: 9168: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9138: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9108: 9094: 9090: 9076: 9072: 9065: 9050: 9049: 9041: 9026: 9025: 9017: 9010: 9009:Reynolds 2009 9005: 8990: 8989: 8981: 8966: 8965: 8958: 8943: 8942: 8934: 8927: 8922: 8907: 8906: 8899: 8884: 8883: 8875: 8868: 8862: 8858: 8851: 8844: 8838: 8834: 8827: 8813: 8807: 8803: 8802: 8794: 8780: 8774: 8770: 8769: 8761: 8754: 8749: 8742: 8737: 8730: 8725: 8718: 8713: 8706: 8701: 8694: 8689: 8682: 8677: 8663: 8659: 8652: 8637: 8633: 8626: 8612: 8608: 8605:Marko, Paul, 8601: 8594: 8589: 8574: 8570: 8563: 8548: 8547: 8539: 8532: 8526: 8522: 8515: 8500: 8499: 8491: 8484: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8469: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8441: 8437: 8431: 8424: 8419: 8417: 8409: 8404: 8397: 8392: 8385: 8380: 8373: 8368: 8361: 8356: 8341: 8340: 8333: 8326: 8321: 8307: 8303: 8296: 8294: 8287:, p. 94. 8286: 8285:Reynolds 2009 8281: 8279: 8277: 8270:, p. 94. 8269: 8264: 8249: 8245: 8238: 8223: 8219: 8212: 8198: 8192: 8188: 8187: 8179: 8165: 8159: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8142: 8135: 8130: 8116: 8110: 8106: 8105: 8097: 8095: 8079: 8078: 8070: 8055: 8054: 8046: 8031: 8027: 8020: 8006: 8000: 7996: 7995: 7987: 7972: 7971: 7967:Huey, Steve, 7963: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7949: 7944: 7937: 7932: 7925: 7920: 7914:, p. 92. 7913: 7908: 7901: 7896: 7889: 7884: 7877: 7872: 7865: 7860: 7854:, p. 97. 7853: 7848: 7846: 7830: 7829: 7825:Huey, Steve, 7821: 7807: 7801: 7797: 7796: 7788: 7781: 7776: 7769: 7764: 7750: 7744: 7740: 7739: 7731: 7724: 7719: 7705: 7699: 7695: 7694: 7686: 7672: 7666: 7662: 7661: 7656: 7649: 7634: 7633: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7603: 7602: 7595: 7593: 7578: 7572: 7568: 7567: 7559: 7545: 7539: 7535: 7534: 7526: 7512: 7506: 7502: 7501: 7493: 7479: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7460: 7445: 7444: 7443:Stained Class 7440:Huey, Steve, 7436: 7421: 7420: 7412: 7410: 7394: 7390: 7383: 7369: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7346: 7331: 7330: 7323: 7309: 7303: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7286: 7279: 7273: 7269: 7262: 7248: 7242: 7238: 7237: 7229: 7215: 7209: 7205: 7204: 7199: 7192: 7190: 7182: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7167: 7159: 7145: 7139: 7135: 7134: 7126: 7111: 7110: 7106:Huey, Steve, 7102: 7095: 7090: 7083: 7078: 7071: 7066: 7059: 7054: 7039: 7038: 7031: 7016: 7015: 7008: 7001: 6996: 6990:, p. 23. 6989: 6984: 6978:, p. 22. 6977: 6972: 6966:, p. 24. 6965: 6960: 6946: 6940: 6936: 6935: 6927: 6921:, p. 17. 6920: 6915: 6909:, p. 26. 6908: 6903: 6896: 6891: 6884: 6879: 6864: 6860: 6853: 6847:, p. 25. 6846: 6841: 6834: 6829: 6822: 6817: 6802: 6801: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6774: 6773:New Statesman 6770: 6763: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6701: 6695: 6691: 6690: 6682: 6675: 6670: 6656: 6650: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6633: 6618: 6617: 6609: 6595: 6589: 6585: 6584: 6576: 6561: 6560: 6559:The Idle Race 6552: 6545: 6539: 6535: 6528: 6513: 6509: 6508:"Carl Palmer" 6506:Eder, Bruce, 6502: 6488: 6484: 6477: 6470: 6464: 6460: 6453: 6439: 6433: 6429: 6428: 6420: 6406: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6387: 6373: 6367: 6363: 6362: 6354: 6340: 6334: 6330: 6329: 6321: 6307: 6301: 6297: 6296: 6288: 6274: 6268: 6264: 6263: 6255: 6241: 6235: 6231: 6230: 6222: 6207: 6206: 6198: 6183: 6182: 6174: 6172: 6156: 6152: 6151: 6144: 6129: 6128: 6120: 6106: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6083: 6069: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6050: 6035: 6031: 6024: 6009: 6008: 6000: 5998: 5982: 5981: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5954: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5933: 5918: 5914: 5907: 5892: 5888: 5881: 5867: 5861: 5857: 5856: 5848: 5834: 5828: 5824: 5823: 5815: 5800: 5796: 5790: 5775: 5774: 5766: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5726: 5725: 5721:Huey, Steve, 5717: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5688: 5674: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5651: 5637: 5631: 5627: 5626: 5618: 5610: 5603: 5596: 5591: 5589: 5573: 5572: 5565: 5558: 5552: 5548: 5541: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5493: 5491: 5483: 5477: 5473: 5466: 5459: 5454: 5447: 5442: 5440: 5425: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5406: 5391: 5390: 5386:Eder, Bruce, 5382: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5352: 5338: 5332: 5328: 5327: 5319: 5317: 5309: 5304: 5289: 5285: 5279: 5264: 5263: 5255: 5253: 5237: 5236: 5235:The Strangers 5229: 5222: 5216: 5212: 5205: 5198: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5183: 5175: 5168: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5144: 5139: 5137: 5122: 5118: 5112: 5097: 5096: 5092:Eder, Bruce, 5088: 5086: 5079:, p. 22. 5078: 5073: 5066: 5061: 5054: 5049: 5042: 5037: 5030: 5025: 5019:, p. 10. 5018: 5013: 4998: 4997:FACT Magazine 4994: 4987: 4980: 4974: 4970: 4963: 4961: 4953: 4948: 4946: 4931: 4925: 4921: 4920: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4900: 4895: 4881: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4862: 4847: 4846: 4845:Steve Winwood 4842:Huey, Steve, 4838: 4836: 4834: 4819: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4774: 4770: 4763: 4756: 4751: 4749: 4741: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4707: 4706:New Statesman 4703: 4696: 4681: 4680: 4679:The Strangers 4673: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4619: 4615: 4612:Eder, Bruce, 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4592: 4587: 4585: 4580: 4573: 4571: 4566: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4544: 4538: 4536: 4535:Punch Records 4532: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4475:The Pop Group 4472: 4468: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4408: 4398: 4394: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4346:Fleetwood Mac 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4322:Steve Cradock 4319: 4315: 4311: 4310:Sneaker Pimps 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4270:Steve Gibbons 4261: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4165:Mojo Magazine 4162: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4117: 4116: 4115:The Back Room 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4091: 4087: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4055:Basil Kirchin 4052: 4051:library music 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3895:concept album 3892: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3812: 3811:Back 2 Basics 3809:Birmingham's 3805: 3801: 3797: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3735:drum and bass 3732: 3726: 3722: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3702:James Plotkin 3699: 3695: 3691: 3690:Roland TR-808 3687: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3623:Rockers Hi-Fi 3620: 3618: 3617:Banco de Gaia 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3596: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3495: 3493: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3379:Electribe 101 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3359: 3358:to the city. 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3324: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3213:ambient metal 3210: 3206: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3182:Streetcleaner 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170:Head of David 3167: 3162: 3160: 3156: 3155:ambient music 3152: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3129: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3086: 3083:acts such as 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3033:hardcore punk 3030: 3026: 3022: 3021:extreme metal 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3005:hardcore punk 3002: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2972:Sound of 2013 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2915:armed robbery 2912: 2908: 2903: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2846:Steve Winwood 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2812:Black British 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2670: 2665: 2664:drum and bass 2660: 2658: 2654: 2653:Apache Indian 2651:pioneered by 2650: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2587:Balsall Heath 2584: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2501:Stephen Duffy 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2466:Kahn and Bell 2463: 2459: 2452:New Romantics 2449: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2339:Roger Freeman 2336: 2332: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2274:The Exploited 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2256:Birmingham's 2254: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239:Johnny Rotton 2236: 2232: 2231:Kevin Rowland 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2168:Peel Sessions 2165: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1965:Prince Buster 1962: 1958: 1954: 1953:Ranking Roger 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1929:Dave Wakeling 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1854:northern soul 1852: 1848: 1844: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1805:Musical Youth 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1709:sound systems 1705: 1701: 1700:Balsall Heath 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688:Black British 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1614:sound systems 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1590:Balsall Heath 1587: 1583: 1582:blues parties 1579: 1575: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1546:extreme metal 1543: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1532:British Steel 1528: 1527: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1506:Stained Class 1502: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1414:Black Sabbath 1410: 1409:Aeolian riffs 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1393:Black Sabbath 1386: 1382: 1378: 1376: 1373:and vocalist 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1359:The Yardbirds 1356: 1355:Black Sabbath 1352: 1345: 1344:Black Sabbath 1341: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1326:Chicken Shack 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1302:Black Sabbath 1298: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1266:British blues 1262: 1258: 1257:musical genre 1254: 1247: 1243: 1240:, who joined 1239: 1235: 1231: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1190: 1189:Rolling Stone 1186: 1182: 1178: 1177:Black Sabbath 1174: 1170: 1166: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1114:Steve Winwood 1111: 1107: 1102: 1096: 1092: 1091:Steve Winwood 1088: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1067:Kenny Everett 1064: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1045:Mike Sheridan 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033:The Idle Race 1030: 1029:Charlie Watts 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 993: 988: 984: 980: 976: 969: 965: 961: 957: 955: 954:Harold Wilson 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 926: 922: 921:rock 'n' roll 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 881: 877: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 851:, the actors 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 825: 821: 820:Ian MacDonald 816: 814: 813: 808: 804: 803: 798: 794: 790: 789: 788:Bryter Layter 784: 783: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 761:Adderley Park 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 735: 731: 727: 725: 721: 720: 715: 714:Peel Sessions 711: 710: 705: 701: 697: 696:Black British 693: 688: 686: 682: 681: 676: 672: 668: 661: 657: 653: 651: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 564: 560: 556: 552: 551:West Midlands 548: 540: 536: 532: 528: 519: 517: 516:Black Country 514:in her broad 513: 509: 508:West Bromwich 505: 501: 497: 493: 492: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 429: 425: 421: 416: 412: 408: 407:Spencer Davis 404: 400: 396: 395:Steve Winwood 392: 388: 383: 380: 375: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 300: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 277:rock and roll 274: 270: 266: 265:Brian Epstein 261: 257: 253: 243: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 200:Hank Williams 197: 193: 190:, performing 189: 188:Clint Warwick 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 164: 162: 158: 154: 153:Elvis Presley 150: 146: 142: 138: 137:rock and roll 128: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 105:hardcore punk 102: 101:extreme metal 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 81:Balsall Heath 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 41: 39: 35: 31: 27: 22: 21:popular music 18: 13624: 13593: 13544:Architecture 13528:Water supply 13332:, retrieved 13326: 13293: 13282:, retrieved 13267: 13255:, retrieved 13240: 13220: 13208:, retrieved 13193: 13170: 13159:, retrieved 13144: 13134: 13123:, retrieved 13118:Sound System 13117: 13098: 13080: 13063:Brum rocked! 13062: 13053:21 September 13051:, retrieved 13036: 13026: 13008: 12997:, retrieved 12990:the original 12985: 12981: 12965: 12954:, retrieved 12939: 12923:, retrieved 12918: 12906:Bibliography 12892:. Retrieved 12888: 12879: 12867:. Retrieved 12862: 12853: 12841:. Retrieved 12837: 12828: 12816:. Retrieved 12812: 12802: 12790:. Retrieved 12786:the original 12781: 12771: 12759:. Retrieved 12754: 12744: 12733:, retrieved 12727: 12721: 12710:, retrieved 12706:the original 12701: 12691: 12680:, retrieved 12675: 12665: 12654:, retrieved 12650: 12640: 12615:, retrieved 12610: 12600: 12589:, retrieved 12574: 12549:, retrieved 12544: 12535: 12524:, retrieved 12520:the original 12515: 12505: 12494:, retrieved 12490:The Guardian 12489: 12479: 12468:, retrieved 12463: 12453: 12442:, retrieved 12437: 12427: 12416:, retrieved 12411: 12401: 12390:, retrieved 12386:The Guardian 12385: 12375: 12363: 12354: 12348: 12337:, retrieved 12331: 12310:, retrieved 12306:the original 12301: 12291: 12279: 12268:, retrieved 12263: 12254: 12243:, retrieved 12237: 12226:, retrieved 12220: 12213: 12202:, retrieved 12197: 12187: 12176:, retrieved 12171: 12161: 12120:, retrieved 12115: 12105: 12093: 12082:, retrieved 12077: 12067: 12056:, retrieved 12052:The Guardian 12051: 12027:, retrieved 12022: 12008:, retrieved 12003: 11994: 11983:, retrieved 11979:The Observer 11978: 11968: 11961:Shapiro 1999 11942:, retrieved 11938: 11928: 11921:Shapiro 1999 11916: 11909:Shapiro 1999 11894:Shapiro 1999 11875:, retrieved 11869: 11867:Bush, John, 11862: 11855:Shapiro 1999 11824: 11817: 11810:Shapiro 1999 11791:, retrieved 11787:the original 11782: 11762:Shapiro 1999 11757: 11746:, retrieved 11741: 11731: 11724:Shapiro 1999 11719: 11708:, retrieved 11701:the original 11696: 11669:, retrieved 11663: 11661:Love, Bret, 11656: 11645:, retrieved 11639: 11632: 11621:, retrieved 11615: 11609: 11598:, retrieved 11592: 11585: 11574:, retrieved 11570:the original 11564: 11558: 11547:, retrieved 11541: 11534: 11525:21 September 11523:, retrieved 11519:the original 11514: 11491:21 September 11489:, retrieved 11484: 11474: 11465:21 September 11463:, retrieved 11457: 11455:Bush, John, 11436:, retrieved 11430: 11428:Bush, John, 11423: 11414:21 September 11412:, retrieved 11406: 11388:18 September 11386:, retrieved 11380: 11374: 11367:The Observer 11366: 11361: 11350:, retrieved 11345: 11323:21 September 11321:, retrieved 11317:the original 11311: 11304: 11295:21 September 11293:, retrieved 11289:the original 11284: 11274: 11265:21 September 11263:, retrieved 11257: 11250: 11241:21 September 11239:, retrieved 11233: 11227: 11216:, retrieved 11210: 11204: 11193:, retrieved 11187: 11181: 11170:, retrieved 11164: 11154:, retrieved 11148: 11141: 11130:, retrieved 11124: 11103:, retrieved 11099: 11089: 11078:, retrieved 11072: 11065: 11054:, retrieved 11049: 11039: 11028:, retrieved 11022: 11001:, retrieved 10997:the original 10992: 10982: 10971:, retrieved 10969:, Berlin: EB 10966: 10956: 10945:, retrieved 10940: 10930: 10919:, retrieved 10913: 10906: 10895:, retrieved 10889: 10868:, retrieved 10862: 10856: 10845:, retrieved 10840: 10830: 10819:, retrieved 10804: 10793: 10782:, retrieved 10767: 10746:, retrieved 10740: 10733: 10722:, retrieved 10718:the original 10712: 10690:, retrieved 10675: 10664: 10657:Glasper 2012 10652: 10641:, retrieved 10635: 10628: 10621:Glasper 2012 10616: 10609:Glasper 2012 10604: 10593:, retrieved 10587: 10570:Glasper 2012 10565: 10554:, retrieved 10549: 10539: 10532:Glasper 2012 10527: 10516:, retrieved 10512: 10502: 10495:Glasper 2012 10490: 10483:Glasper 2012 10478: 10471:Mudrian 2004 10466: 10459:Glasper 2012 10454: 10447:Glasper 2012 10442: 10435:Mudrian 2004 10430: 10423:Glasper 2012 10418: 10411:Mudrian 2004 10406: 10399:Mudrian 2004 10394: 10387:Glasper 2012 10382: 10375:Glasper 2012 10370: 10363:Mudrian 2004 10358: 10351:Mudrian 2004 10330:, retrieved 10315: 10304: 10293:, retrieved 10278: 10271: 10260:, retrieved 10256:The Guardian 10255: 10245: 10234:, retrieved 10230:The Guardian 10229: 10219: 10208:, retrieved 10204:Female First 10203: 10193: 10182:, retrieved 10177: 10167: 10156:, retrieved 10152:The Guardian 10151: 10141: 10130:, retrieved 10124: 10117: 10106:, retrieved 10100: 10094: 10083:, retrieved 10078: 10068: 10057:, retrieved 10051: 10044: 10033:, retrieved 10029:Daily Mirror 10028: 10019: 10008:, retrieved 10002: 9996: 9985:, retrieved 9979: 9972: 9961:, retrieved 9957:the original 9951: 9945: 9934:, retrieved 9928: 9921: 9910:, retrieved 9904: 9898: 9887:, retrieved 9881: 9874: 9863:, retrieved 9857: 9850: 9839:, retrieved 9835:the original 9829: 9823: 9812:, retrieved 9806: 9800: 9789:, retrieved 9782:the original 9773: 9767: 9756:, retrieved 9752:the original 9746: 9740: 9729:, retrieved 9723: 9716: 9704: 9693:, retrieved 9687: 9665: 9654:, retrieved 9648: 9641: 9629: 9600: 9588: 9576: 9564: 9537: 9526:, retrieved 9520: 9513: 9501: 9474: 9463:, retrieved 9457: 9450: 9438: 9427:, retrieved 9422: 9413: 9402:, retrieved 9388: 9378: 9367:, retrieved 9363: 9353: 9342:, retrieved 9337: 9313: 9286: 9274: 9262: 9236:, retrieved 9230: 9223: 9212:, retrieved 9206: 9186:, retrieved 9182:the original 9177: 9167: 9156:, retrieved 9152:the original 9147: 9137: 9126:, retrieved 9122:the original 9117: 9107: 9096:, retrieved 9092: 9078:, retrieved 9074: 9064: 9053:, retrieved 9047: 9040: 9029:, retrieved 9023: 9016: 9004: 8993:, retrieved 8987: 8980: 8969:, retrieved 8963: 8957: 8946:, retrieved 8940: 8933: 8926:Burnham 2009 8921: 8910:, retrieved 8904: 8898: 8887:, retrieved 8881: 8874: 8856: 8850: 8832: 8826: 8815:, retrieved 8800: 8793: 8782:, retrieved 8767: 8760: 8748: 8736: 8724: 8712: 8700: 8688: 8676: 8665:, retrieved 8661: 8651: 8640:, retrieved 8635: 8625: 8614:, retrieved 8610: 8600: 8588: 8577:, retrieved 8572: 8562: 8551:, retrieved 8545: 8538: 8520: 8514: 8503:, retrieved 8497: 8490: 8467: 8444:, retrieved 8439: 8430: 8403: 8391: 8379: 8367: 8355: 8344:, retrieved 8338: 8332: 8320: 8309:, retrieved 8305: 8268:Hebdige 1987 8263: 8252:, retrieved 8248:The Guardian 8247: 8237: 8226:, retrieved 8221: 8211: 8200:, retrieved 8185: 8178: 8167:, retrieved 8152: 8141: 8134:Hebdige 1987 8129: 8118:, retrieved 8103: 8082:, retrieved 8076: 8069: 8058:, retrieved 8052: 8045: 8034:, retrieved 8030:The Observer 8029: 8019: 8008:, retrieved 7993: 7986: 7975:, retrieved 7969: 7943: 7931: 7919: 7912:Hebdige 1987 7907: 7895: 7883: 7871: 7859: 7852:Hebdige 1987 7833:, retrieved 7827: 7820: 7809:, retrieved 7794: 7787: 7775: 7763: 7752:, retrieved 7737: 7730: 7725:, 1:18–1:41. 7718: 7707:, retrieved 7692: 7685: 7674:, retrieved 7659: 7648: 7637:, retrieved 7631: 7606:, retrieved 7600: 7580:, retrieved 7565: 7558: 7547:, retrieved 7532: 7525: 7514:, retrieved 7499: 7492: 7481:, retrieved 7466: 7459: 7448:, retrieved 7442: 7435: 7424:, retrieved 7419:Judas Priest 7418: 7397:, retrieved 7393:The Guardian 7392: 7382: 7371:, retrieved 7356: 7345: 7334:, retrieved 7328: 7322: 7311:, retrieved 7296: 7285: 7267: 7261: 7250:, retrieved 7235: 7228: 7217:, retrieved 7202: 7165: 7158: 7147:, retrieved 7132: 7125: 7114:, retrieved 7108: 7101: 7089: 7077: 7065: 7053: 7042:, retrieved 7036: 7030: 7019:, retrieved 7013: 7007: 6995: 6983: 6971: 6959: 6948:, retrieved 6933: 6926: 6914: 6902: 6890: 6878: 6867:, retrieved 6862: 6852: 6840: 6828: 6823:, p. 5. 6816: 6805:, retrieved 6799: 6776:, retrieved 6772: 6762: 6751:, retrieved 6731: 6727: 6714: 6703:, retrieved 6688: 6681: 6676:, p. 7. 6669: 6658:, retrieved 6643: 6632: 6621:, retrieved 6615: 6608: 6597:, retrieved 6582: 6575: 6564:, retrieved 6558: 6551: 6533: 6527: 6516:, retrieved 6511: 6501: 6490:, retrieved 6486: 6476: 6458: 6452: 6441:, retrieved 6426: 6419: 6408:, retrieved 6393: 6386: 6375:, retrieved 6360: 6353: 6342:, retrieved 6327: 6320: 6309:, retrieved 6294: 6287: 6276:, retrieved 6261: 6254: 6243:, retrieved 6228: 6221: 6210:, retrieved 6204: 6197: 6186:, retrieved 6180: 6159:, retrieved 6155:the original 6149: 6143: 6132:, retrieved 6126: 6119: 6108:, retrieved 6093: 6082: 6071:, retrieved 6056: 6049: 6038:, retrieved 6033: 6023: 6012:, retrieved 6006: 5985:, retrieved 5979: 5956:, retrieved 5942: 5932: 5921:, retrieved 5917:The Observer 5916: 5906: 5895:, retrieved 5891:The Guardian 5890: 5880: 5869:, retrieved 5854: 5847: 5836:, retrieved 5821: 5814: 5803:, retrieved 5798: 5789: 5778:, retrieved 5772: 5765: 5754:, retrieved 5749: 5740: 5729:, retrieved 5723: 5716: 5705:, retrieved 5701:the original 5696: 5687: 5676:, retrieved 5661: 5650: 5639:, retrieved 5624: 5617: 5609:The Listener 5608: 5602: 5595:Hornsby 2003 5576:, retrieved 5570: 5564: 5546: 5540: 5529:, retrieved 5524: 5514: 5498: 5471: 5465: 5458:Hornsby 2003 5453: 5446:Toynbee 2005 5427:, retrieved 5412: 5405: 5394:, retrieved 5388: 5381: 5370:, retrieved 5366:the original 5361: 5351: 5340:, retrieved 5325: 5308:Hornsby 1999 5303: 5292:, retrieved 5287: 5278: 5267:, retrieved 5261: 5259:Dahl, Bill, 5240:, retrieved 5234: 5228: 5210: 5204: 5181: 5174: 5156: 5150: 5143:Hornsby 1999 5124:, retrieved 5120: 5111: 5100:, retrieved 5094: 5077:Hornsby 1999 5072: 5065:Hornsby 1999 5060: 5053:Hornsby 1999 5048: 5041:Hornsby 1999 5036: 5029:Hornsby 1999 5024: 5017:Hornsby 1999 5012: 5001:, retrieved 4996: 4986: 4968: 4952:Hebdige 1987 4933:, retrieved 4918: 4894: 4883:, retrieved 4868: 4861: 4850:, retrieved 4844: 4821:, retrieved 4806: 4777:, retrieved 4772: 4762: 4757:, p. 1. 4755:Burnham 2009 4740:Toynbee 2005 4709:, retrieved 4705: 4695: 4684:, retrieved 4678: 4672: 4661:, retrieved 4657:the original 4652: 4622:, retrieved 4617: 4591:Hornsby 1999 4567: 4548: 4539: 4519:, Iron Man, 4498: 4491: 4469: 4455: 4416: 4378:Wishbone Ash 4370:Roger Taylor 4362:Mike Skinner 4314:Martin Barre 4294:Velvett Fogg 4282:Blaze Bayley 4278:Spooky Tooth 4267: 4254: 4228: 4217: 4158: 4140: 4123: 4113: 4095: 4075:Danger Mouse 4047:Trish Keenan 4012: 4003: 3968: 3956: 3951:Trish Keenan 3915: 3903: 3897: 3890:The Guardian 3888: 3885:The Specials 3854: 3851:Mike Skinner 3840: 3808: 3788: 3782: 3747:foster homes 3729: 3708:and Italy's 3706:Bill Laswell 3698:isolationism 3683: 3668:Napalm Death 3665: 3661:sound system 3638: 3621: 3608: 3604: 3597: 3580:trance music 3554: 3529: 3522: 3496: 3483:Martyn Bates 3479:Napalm Death 3444: 3421: 3414:Neil Rushton 3411: 3360: 3332:Broad Street 3325: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3269: 3258: 3233:Bill Laswell 3216: 3202: 3181: 3177: 3163: 3141: 3126: 3107: 3085:Celtic Frost 3081:thrash metal 3017:Napalm Death 2990: 2967:and for the 2955: 2946: 2932: 2926: 2904: 2896:Roll With It 2879:Roll with It 2877: 2871: 2861: 2844: 2824: 2792:British soul 2789: 2767:Free at Last 2766: 2746:Oh Happy Day 2745: 2710: 2673: 2661: 2642: 2630: 2615: 2580: 2553: 2513: 2505:The Au Pairs 2489:New Romantic 2479: 2462:Hurst Street 2458:New Romantic 2455: 2444: 2438: 2423:David Steele 2421:and bassist 2417:– guitarist 2408: 2399:Peel Session 2346: 2335:Chris Hamlin 2328: 2299: 2282:thrash metal 2255: 2223:The Killjoys 2211:Robert Plant 2207:John Walters 2180: 2171: 2131:Robert Lloyd 2111:The Prefects 2108: 2104:New Romantic 2084:Barbarella's 2062: 2042:Dinosaur Jr. 2017:Nikki Sudden 1989:British punk 1978: 1933:David Steele 1917:West African 1902: 1874:Barbarella's 1862:The Specials 1849:, bluebeat, 1840: 1831:The Specials 1790: 1783: 1748: 1704:Dick Hebdige 1685: 1641: 1571: 1558:thrash metal 1530: 1524: 1518: 1504: 1501:Judas Priest 1498: 1490:Cypress Hill 1450:Joy Division 1436: 1430: 1423:power chords 1412: 1399:rather than 1390: 1385:Judas Priest 1375:Robert Plant 1351:Led Zeppelin 1348: 1310:power chords 1250: 1242:Led Zeppelin 1234:Robert Plant 1204: 1193: 1188: 1165:Velvett Fogg 1162: 1130:The Hellions 1124:and drummer 1099: 1074: 1052: 1001:Arnold Layne 992:The Observer 990: 972: 885: 857:Heath Ledger 823: 817: 810: 800: 793:introversion 786: 780: 753:Warwickshire 738: 717: 707: 689: 678: 664: 650:Golden Eagle 620: 569:Ian Campbell 567: 544: 522:Folk revival 511: 489: 487: 432: 399:Muff Winwood 384: 376: 333:The Fortunes 329:Geoff Turton 317:Tell Me When 301: 249: 236:River Severn 165: 135:Interest in 134: 95:was born in 42: 15: 13125:17 November 12813:York Vision 12368:Cotton 2012 12284:Cotton 2012 12154:Cotton 2012 12139:Cotton 2012 12098:Cotton 2012 11944:10 November 11671:10 November 11647:10 November 11623:10 November 11600:10 November 11576:10 November 11549:10 November 11438:10 November 11234:Ambient Dub 10841:Wax Poetics 10513:The Quietus 9882:Ruby Turner 9724:Jaki Graham 9605:Dudrah 2002 9506:Dudrah 2002 9494:Dudrah 2002 9479:Dudrah 2002 9318:Dudrah 2002 9306:Dudrah 2002 9291:Dudrah 2002 9279:Rimmer 2003 9267:Rimmer 2003 9255:Rimmer 2003 8991:, BBC Music 8120:8 September 8077:Signing Off 8053:Steel Pulse 7970:Steel Pulse 7835:17 November 7811:17 November 7780:Murray 1994 7768:Murray 1994 7754:17 November 7723:Murray 1994 7709:17 November 7676:17 November 7639:17 November 7608:17 November 7582:17 November 6803:, BBC Music 6660:8 September 6623:8 September 6599:8 September 6562:, Brum Beat 6443:1 September 6410:8 September 6377:8 September 6344:7 September 6311:8 September 6278:7 September 6245:8 September 6212:8 September 6188:1 September 6184:, Brum Beat 5801:, BBC, 2006 5389:Denny Laine 5003:30 December 4885:30 December 4779:30 December 4711:30 December 4686:30 December 4649:"Brum Beat" 4366:John Taylor 4358:The Shadows 4350:Nick Rhodes 4326:Paul Weller 4318:Jethro Tull 4302:Phil Lynott 4290:Iron Maiden 4274:Mike Kellie 4245:, with the 4224:synesthesia 4185:psychedelia 4109:Kings Heath 4071:Paul Weller 3987:Stylophonic 3983:Frank Zappa 3975:psychedelic 3861:indie bands 3847:The Streets 3828:gangsta rap 3804:The Streets 3775:David Byrne 3739:dance music 3685:Evanescence 3672:Mick Harris 3645:house music 3576:psychedelic 3556:Ambient dub 3551:Ambient dub 3494:in Berlin. 3475:Mick Harris 3440:Derrick May 3375:Electronica 3340:House music 3336:Fungle Junk 3288:Juice Aleem 3229:ambient dub 3217:Evansecence 3190:heavy metal 3111:Mick Harris 3039:in 1979 by 3009:death metal 2993:The Mermaid 2961:Laura Mvula 2957:Kings Heath 2939:MOBO Awards 2884:Higher Love 2876:and 1988's 2839:Glastonbury 2835:Laura Mvula 2821:Montego Bay 2817:Ruby Turner 2800:Jaki Graham 2785:Ruby Turner 2754:PYE Records 2657:Bally Sagoo 2628:in London. 2564:black music 2540:Stourbridge 2493:Duran Duran 2491:supergroup 2431:Roland Gift 2389:. Ex-punks 2379:Steve Reich 2320:Roland Gift 2278:street punk 2258:Charged GBH 2245:covers and 2243:Bobby Darin 2187:The Accused 2151:Patti Smith 2123:Sex Pistols 2100:Duran Duran 2072:The Stooges 2054:Sonic Youth 2025:The Stooges 2003:and German 2001:garage rock 1999:, American 1995:of British 1985:Sex Pistols 1951:, vocalist 1817:Pato Banton 1815:band), and 1797:Lovers rock 1793:lovers rock 1751:Steel Pulse 1744:Steel Pulse 1740:David Hinds 1657:Quaker City 1645:sound clash 1574:West Indian 1562:black metal 1554:death metal 1550:speed metal 1538:Rob Halford 1482:stoner rock 1474:Soundgarden 1454:Sonic Youth 1442:Sex Pistols 1371:John Bonham 1363:Band of Joy 1318:sheet metal 1293:horror film 1246:Band of Joy 1238:John Bonham 1219:Moody Blues 1215:Mike Pinder 1126:Jim Capaldi 1059:The Beatles 1025:John Bonham 987:Carl Palmer 964:Carl Palmer 946:psychedelia 938:The Beatles 930:heavy metal 909:Mayfair Set 889:psychedelia 700:Saint Kitts 617:farmworkers 512:Spin-a-Disc 504:The Beatles 483:psychedelic 475:The Hollies 467:The Beatles 463:Mike Pinder 458:Denny Laine 364:John Carter 360:Small Heath 293:psychedelia 283:through to 256:The Beatles 220:The Vikings 204:The Mermaid 89:ska revival 75:tradition. 61:Heavy metal 57:psychedelia 13604:Public Art 13579:Literature 13498:Government 13491:Government 13462:Demography 13398:Birmingham 13284:13 October 13257:3 November 13161:12 October 12894:6 February 12869:6 February 12843:6 February 12731:, AllMusic 12728:Shady Bard 12335:, AllMusic 12198:In the Mix 12084:25 January 12058:25 January 12029:25 January 12010:25 January 11985:25 January 11877:3 November 11873:, AllMusic 11793:1 November 11748:1 November 11744:, New York 11710:1 November 11667:, AllMusic 11643:, AllMusic 11619:, AllMusic 11596:, AllMusic 11515:Collective 11461:, AllMusic 11434:, AllMusic 11384:, Modulate 11237:, AllMusic 11128:, AllMusic 11076:, AllMusic 10893:, AllMusic 10748:9 November 10741:Painkiller 10724:9 November 10692:9 November 10643:30 October 10639:, AllMusic 10611:, 427–434. 10595:21 October 10591:, AllMusic 10556:21 October 10534:, 359–366. 10518:12 October 10449:, 226–233. 10377:, 233–240. 10262:19 October 10236:19 October 10210:19 October 10158:20 October 10132:20 October 10128:, AllMusic 10108:20 October 10085:20 October 10059:20 October 10055:, AllMusic 10035:20 October 10010:19 October 10006:, AllMusic 9987:19 October 9983:, AllMusic 9963:19 October 9936:19 October 9932:, AllMusic 9912:19 October 9885:, AllMusic 9865:19 October 9861:, AllMusic 9841:19 October 9814:19 October 9791:19 October 9758:19 October 9727:, AllMusic 9709:Smith 2009 9695:21 October 9670:Smith 2009 9656:21 October 9634:Smith 2009 9622:Smith 2009 9461:, AllMusic 9238:26 January 9234:, AllMusic 9214:26 January 9188:26 January 9158:26 January 9128:26 January 9098:26 January 9080:26 January 9055:26 January 9051:, AllMusic 9031:26 January 9027:, AllMusic 8995:24 October 8971:26 January 8948:26 January 8944:, AllMusic 8912:3 November 8889:3 November 8885:, AllMusic 8817:30 October 8784:30 October 8667:19 October 8642:19 October 8616:19 October 8579:19 October 8575:, New York 8505:12 October 8446:27 October 8372:Sarig 1998 8346:19 October 8325:Sarig 1998 8306:PopMatters 8254:9 November 8228:9 November 8202:9 November 8169:9 November 8084:15 October 8080:, AllMusic 8056:, AllMusic 7973:, AllMusic 7446:, AllMusic 7422:, AllMusic 7112:, AllMusic 6734:(1): 145, 6566:20 October 6208:, AllMusic 6161:12 October 6110:12 October 6010:, AllMusic 6007:Nick Drake 5987:12 October 5750:Devotional 5727:, AllMusic 5707:14 October 5678:14 October 5641:14 October 5392:, AllMusic 5265:, AllMusic 5242:20 October 5098:, AllMusic 4848:, AllMusic 4663:17 October 4576:References 4391:See also: 4386:Dave Mason 4374:Ted Turner 4338:Simply Red 4298:Jeff Lynne 4251:Shoreditch 4220:Shady Bard 4151:Bromsgrove 4143:Guillemots 4136:Guillemots 4023:shoegazing 3991:Swan's Way 3971:Sensateria 3949:described 3918:revivalism 3845:scene was 3815:minimalist 3763:Metalheadz 3755:Birmingham 3627:King Tubby 3609:Colourform 3541:Tim Wright 3519:death rock 3365:musicians 3315:Acid house 3307:acid house 3286:Elements, 3241:Painkiller 3138:Bill Steer 3134:Lee Dorian 3123:blast beat 3115:64th notes 3073:electronic 3069:Rag Market 3041:Nik Bullen 2923:Parlophone 2919:a cappella 2900:Holding On 2804:Handsworth 2771:Manchester 2717:Handsworth 2634:Handsworth 2608:Handsworth 2516:Charlatans 2509:The Bureau 2482:Rum Runner 2474:Boy George 2448:present". 2343:Cheltenham 2310:Manchester 2195:The Sussed 2176:Jon Savage 2156:White riot 2127:Hednesford 2096:Boy George 2009:Swell Maps 1993:proto-punk 1921:Afro-Cuban 1886:Ghost Town 1858:music hall 1759:dub plates 1722:Locomotive 1696:Handsworth 1661:Duke Alloy 1649:Manchester 1586:Handsworth 1515:blues rock 1314:Tony Iommi 1185:Bachdenkel 1173:Tony Iommi 1138:Locomotive 1134:Chris Wood 1122:Dave Mason 1063:Marc Bolan 1049:Jeff Lynne 1021:Keith Moon 997:Pink Floyd 983:Handsworth 942:Pink Floyd 919:and early 915:alongside 861:Sam Mendes 849:Beth Orton 845:David Gray 797:depression 741:Nick Drake 734:Nick Drake 704:Handsworth 599:including 597:folk songs 547:folk-songs 269:Merseybeat 97:Sparkbrook 17:Birmingham 13513:Education 13482:Transport 13450:Geography 13356:Brum Beat 12434:"Editors" 12418:29 August 12392:29 August 12245:17 August 12228:17 August 12178:17 August 11742:Billboard 11381:Oscillate 11352:24 August 11218:30 August 11195:30 August 11172:30 August 11156:30 August 11132:30 August 11100:Billboard 10921:31 August 10847:31 August 10332:18 August 10295:18 August 9443:Ritu 1999 9364:DESIblitz 9148:Billboard 7948:Valk 2010 7936:Valk 2010 7924:Valk 2010 7900:Valk 2010 7888:Valk 2010 7876:Valk 2010 7864:Valk 2010 7094:Cope 2010 7082:Cope 2010 7070:Cope 2010 7058:Cope 2010 7000:Cope 2010 6988:Cope 2010 6976:Cope 2010 6964:Cope 2010 6919:Cope 2010 6907:Cope 2010 6895:Cope 2010 6883:Cope 2010 6845:Cope 2010 6833:Cope 2010 6821:Cope 2010 6748:143932938 6674:Cope 2010 6639:"Traffic" 6134:7 October 6073:6 October 6040:6 October 6014:6 October 5958:6 October 5943:Continuum 5923:6 October 5897:6 October 5871:6 October 5838:6 October 5805:17 August 5780:17 August 5756:17 August 5731:17 August 4899:Cope 2010 4565:barbers. 4483:Wolf Eyes 4443:Jam House 4286:Wolfsbane 4243:Swim Deep 4181:swingbeat 4169:indie pop 4059:Carl Orff 4043:Broadcast 4031:post-rock 3959:Yorkshire 3935:Broadcast 3881:The Kinks 3820:DJ Taktix 3771:Brian Eno 3680:grindcore 3635:Push Push 3564:Oscillate 3524:Billboard 3511:post-punk 3436:Camp Hill 3323:myself'. 3249:free jazz 3245:grindcore 3237:John Zorn 3159:free jazz 3147:John Peel 3119:bass drum 3101:pioneers 3053:Discharge 3001:grindcore 2997:Sparkhill 2951:Thank You 2947:Thank You 2934:Thank You 2741:Caribbean 2669:Bollywood 2638:Soho Road 2485:nightclub 2427:Sparkhill 2403:Swans Way 2387:John Peel 2355:free jazz 2306:Sheffield 2302:post-punk 2296:Post-punk 2286:Metallica 2270:Edinburgh 2266:Discharge 2203:John Peel 2154:Clash's " 2119:The Clash 2115:John Peel 2076:glam-rock 2005:krautrock 1997:glam-rock 1981:punk rock 1975:Punk rock 1941:St. Kitts 1925:post-punk 1882:Gangsters 1870:The Clash 1776:dancehall 1726:skinheads 1626:dubplates 1274:Liverpool 1207:Mellotron 1142:Paper Sun 1076:Idle Race 1071:John Peel 979:freakbeat 975:The Craig 913:The Byrds 853:Brad Pitt 841:Radiohead 833:free jazz 802:Pink Moon 773:Cambridge 769:Five Ways 685:Dave Pegg 667:folk rock 645:folk club 629:Bob Dylan 625:folk club 549:from the 535:Dave Pegg 428:I'm a Man 403:Pete York 368:Ken Lewis 352:The Uglys 289:folk rock 252:Liverpool 246:Brum Beat 240:Worcester 208:Sparkhill 157:Hound Dog 127:culture. 125:post-punk 93:Grindcore 65:Liverpool 34:post-punk 30:Brum beat 13645:Category 13631:Category 13599:Religion 13432:Timeline 13311:citation 12676:AllMusic 12626:citation 12438:AllMusic 12355:The Wire 12025:, London 11939:The Wire 11056:9 August 10800:"Techno" 10636:Godflesh 10184:12 April 8967:, Pigbag 8755:, 10434. 8753:Ogg 2006 8741:Ogg 2006 8729:Ogg 2006 8717:Ogg 2006 8707:, 20352. 8705:Ogg 2006 8693:Ogg 2006 8681:Ogg 2006 8595:, 14180. 8593:Ogg 2006 8501:, Punk77 8425:, 12120. 8423:Ogg 2006 8410:, 12082. 8408:Ogg 2006 8398:, 12142. 8396:Ogg 2006 8386:, 12083. 8384:Ogg 2006 8362:, 20379. 8360:Ogg 2006 7109:Paranoid 6512:AllMusic 6205:The Move 6181:The Move 6036:, London 5507:48869635 4618:AllMusic 4451:Leftfoot 4105:Stafford 4009:theremin 3928:-tinged 3789:Timeless 3784:Timeless 3779:hardcore 3767:Kemistry 3759:darkcore 3670:drummer 3649:trip hop 3515:shoegaze 3503:Function 3492:Berghain 3363:Big beat 3354:and the 3239:to form 3221:sampling 3178:Godflesh 3174:Godflesh 3103:Godflesh 2941:and the 2808:Ladywood 2775:Aberdeen 2721:Trinidad 2626:Southall 2620:; while 2600:cassette 2566:such as 2419:Andy Cox 2415:The Beat 2251:100 Club 2164:art-punk 2147:Harborne 2135:Joe Crow 2080:graffiti 2050:Pavement 1957:toasting 1937:Andy Cox 1905:The Beat 1890:trip hop 1866:Coventry 1835:Coventry 1635:Toaster 1622:toasting 1470:Mudhoney 1437:Paranoid 1432:Paranoid 1405:tritones 1387:in 1981. 1322:The Move 1297:outsider 1159:in 1978. 1081:The Move 1041:Roy Wood 973:In 1966 925:Roy Wood 907:and the 897:The Move 880:The Move 777:Joe Boyd 605:Jacobite 573:Aberdeen 557:such as 518:accent. 232:Ladywood 224:Nechells 53:The Move 13559:Culture 13537:Culture 13523:Schools 13508:Economy 13503:Council 13412:History 13405:History 13334:30 June 13210:23 June 12999:15 June 12925:28 June 12818:20 July 12792:20 July 12761:20 July 12682:30 June 12656:30 June 12617:30 June 12591:30 June 12551:30 June 12526:30 June 12496:30 June 12470:30 June 12444:29 June 12339:13 July 12312:10 July 12204:20 July 11830:175–176 11105:13 July 11080:13 July 11030:13 July 10671:"Scorn" 10101:Jamelia 10052:Jamelia 9889:19 July 9731:19 July 9528:23 June 9465:23 June 9429:15 June 9404:15 June 9369:15 June 9344:15 June 9075:Bushwah 8964:History 8743:, 6585. 8731:, 6578. 8719:, 6603. 8611:Punk 77 8473:248–249 8060:30 June 8036:30 June 8010:30 June 7977:30 June 7828:Macka B 7782:, 0:20. 7770:, 0:37. 7632:Eclipse 7373:29 June 7336:29 June 7313:28 June 7252:29 June 7219:28 June 7149:28 June 7116:28 June 7044:23 June 7021:23 June 6950:16 June 6616:Traffic 6483:"Craig" 5578:25 June 5531:13 July 5429:13 July 5396:13 July 5372:13 July 5342:20 June 5294:21 June 5269:20 June 5126:17 June 4935:15 June 4852:20 June 4823:20 June 4551:records 4507:fame), 4505:Altern8 4494:Gigbeth 4306:Jamelia 4233:-based 4231:Digbeth 4147:Moseley 4097:Editors 4090:Editors 4039:hip-hop 3922:Britpop 3836:jump-up 3794:hip-hop 3743:Walsall 3666:Former 3657:nu-jazz 3615:-based 3463:Surgeon 3403:Surgeon 3387:Avrocar 3280:hip hop 3276:rappers 3117:on the 3037:Meriden 2959:-based 2943:Q Award 2911:Hockley 2907:Jamelia 2898:" and " 2854:Traffic 2841:in 2013 2684:Achanak 2645:bhangra 2572:hip-hop 2556:bhangra 2550:Bhangra 2395:skiffle 2229:singer 2121:or the 2106:scene. 2040:, with 1894:dubstep 1801:Beshara 1780:hip-hop 1772:R&B 1730:loafers 1692:jamming 1681:Eclipse 1677:Macka B 1673:Wassifa 1653:Bristol 1637:Macka B 1598:calypso 1594:Jamaica 1466:Nirvana 1460:-based 1458:Seattle 1367:jamming 1290:b-movie 1261:hip-hop 1217:of the 1200:Wizzard 1171:band. 1144:" and " 1101:Traffic 1095:Traffic 882:in 1967 593:skiffle 581:Marxist 541:in 1972 485:style. 216:skiffle 159:" and " 151:"; and 147:" and " 77:Bhangra 13589:People 13300: 13275: 13248: 13228: 13201: 13177: 13152: 13105: 13087: 13069: 13044: 13015: 12956:2 June 12947: 12735:1 July 12712:1 July 12678:, Rovi 12582: 12440:, Rovi 12270:8 July 12122:8 July 11870:Goldie 11836: 11191:, 2008 11003:7 July 10973:7 July 10947:7 July 10897:7 July 10870:7 July 10821:6 July 10812: 10784:6 July 10775: 10683: 10659:, 539. 10623:, 366. 10572:, 427. 10497:, 297. 10485:, 285. 10461:, 248. 10425:, 190. 10389:, 197. 10323: 10286: 9810:, IMDb 9395: 8941:Pigbag 8905:G.B.H. 8882:G.B.H. 8863: 8839: 8808: 8775: 8695:, 708. 8683:, 716. 8553:1 July 8527: 8479: 8311:1 June 8193: 8160: 8111: 8001: 7802: 7745: 7700: 7667: 7573: 7549:2 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