59:
91:
2209:
2195:
2101:
Fermented foods (such as tempeh), nori, spirulina, chlorella algae, and unfortified nutritional yeast cannot be relied upon as adequate or practical sources of B-12.39,40 Vegans must regularly consume reliable sourcesā meaning B-12 fortified foods or B-12 containing supplementsāor they could become
1714:(2012). Porphyra. In: Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2017). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2050:
A nutritional analysis of six vegan children who had consumed vegan diets including brown rice and dried purple laver (nori) for 4ā10 years suggested that the consumption of nori may prevent
Vitamin B12 deficiency in
571:
and one study suggests that it is the most suitable non-meat source of this essential vitamin. In the view of the
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, however, it may not provide an adequate source of B12 for
197:
339:) which settle, then bore into shells, germinate and form a filamentous stage. This stage was originally thought to be a different species of alga, and was referred to as
1165:
913:
1304:
327:
are formed on the one thallus. The female gametes while still on the thallus are fertilized by the released male gametes, which are non-motile. The fertilized, now
1182:
1071:
857:
1383:
1535:
1435:
1264:
1247:
1058:
1011:
930:
900:
1625:
1581:
1118:
956:
1608:
1509:
1342:
1320:
1195:
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1088:
1041:
1422:
1409:
1274:
1212:
1131:
1028:
943:
742:
1594:
1561:
1354:
1291:
1105:
977:
1796:
1522:
1367:
990:
870:
1548:
887:
2409:
792:
788:
2448:
905:
1050:
633:
1810:
1330:
1157:
2537:
1153:
1080:
2383:
1076:
207:
2336:
2422:
1376:
1313:
1938:
2427:
1739:
1003:
969:
2148:
Sutherland; et al. (October 2011). "A New Look at an
Ancient Order: Generic Revision of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta)".
1586:
1475:
982:
2331:
1901:
1877:
1785:
1765:
1283:
1204:
862:
2484:
2127:
1953:
Aoki, Y. and Kamei, Y. 2006 Preparation of recombinant polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from the marine bacterium,
2453:
1930:
1110:
999:
965:
836:
508:
is harvested from the coasts of Great
Britain and Ireland, where it has a variety of culinary uses, including
386:
use it as a food or somehow in the diet, making it perhaps the most domesticated of the marine algae, known as
2435:
1187:
892:
1427:
1401:
704:
660:
1617:
1020:
935:
2305:
2292:
1634:
1093:
1033:
922:
879:
832:
2310:
1926:
1359:
537:
308:
275:
worldwide and seven around
Britain and Ireland, where it has been traditionally used to produce edible
2512:
2489:
2463:
2199:
2115:
1826:
Drew, Kathleen M. (1949). "Conchocelis-phase in the life-history of
Porphyra umbilicalis (L.) KĆ¼tz".
809:
687:
647:
90:
1715:
995:
961:
58:
2522:
1252:
1170:
1046:
849:
763:
359:
323:
which grow to replicate the original thallus. It can also reproduce sexually. Both male and female
1326:
844:
827:
783:
734:
2517:
2232:
1540:
1501:
628:
2414:
2532:
2284:
1807:
1673:
1235:
805:
730:
641:
2476:
2344:
1835:
1440:
1396:
1372:
1309:
1256:
1221:
1217:
1174:
1123:
1016:
948:
817:
754:
368:
67:
1643:
Following a major reassessment of the genus in 2011, many species previously included in
8:
1566:
1527:
1488:
1279:
1200:
1136:
771:
759:
691:
668:
655:
620:
397:
2375:
1839:
2270:
2213:
2173:
2092:
2036:
2009:
1851:
1483:
1149:
725:
712:
603:
185:
162:
85:
616:
2527:
2471:
2318:
2165:
2161:
2084:
2041:
1934:
1897:
1873:
1781:
1761:
1735:
1661:
1229:
699:
681:
598:
529:
455:
407:
285:
252:
73:
2323:
2177:
2157:
2096:
2076:
2031:
2021:
1855:
1843:
1711:
1496:
1470:
611:
445:
2297:
1918:
1814:
1667:
1457:
1334:
918:
875:
800:
431:
244:
2440:
2255:
2080:
1753:
1655:
1388:
541:
475:
276:
105:
2221:
2506:
1756:
1991. Cultivation of attached seaweeds. in Guiry, M.D. and
Blunden, G. 1992.
1462:
125:
24:
2064:
1982:
2169:
2102:
deficient, as shown in case studies of vegan infants, children, and adults.
2088:
2045:
1892:
as food: cultivation and economics. in Lembi, C.A. and
Waaland, J.R. 1988.
533:
493:
2396:
2264:
1690:
568:
248:
1797:
The
Chlamydomonas Sourcebook: Organellar and Metabolic Processes Volum 2
2388:
1983:"Laver Seaweed ā A Foraging Guide to Its Food, Medicine and Other Uses"
509:
426:
387:
336:
267:
240:
145:
78:
2401:
2065:"Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets"
2026:
27:. For species previously in this genus that have been reclassified as
2370:
2357:
2279:
1847:
1553:
1514:
1063:
776:
673:
549:
356:
280:
236:
135:
115:
39:
2226:
587:
currently contains 57 confirmed species and 14 unconfirmed species.
2249:
2208:
1630:
1613:
1600:
1573:
1414:
1347:
1239:
1097:
747:
717:
232:
2362:
1716:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=143808
1649:
553:
332:
312:
290:
256:
228:
32:
2194:
1296:
545:
484:
363:
348:
328:
324:
316:
293:
1778:
A Check-list and Atlas of the
Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland.
478:
used to wrap the rice and fish that compose the Japanese food
2349:
573:
479:
372:. It was later shown for species from other regions as well.
320:
224:
2010:"Vitamin Bāā-containing plant food sources for vegetarians"
471:
402:
261:
1677:, leaving only five species out of seventy still within
271:(in Korea). There are considered to be 60ā70 species of
243:), comprising approximately 70 species. It grows in the
2007:
247:, typically between the upper intertidal zone and the
1921:(1989). Lembi, Carole A.; Waaland, J. Robert (eds.).
1734:
Volume 1 Part 3b. The Natural History Museum, London.
319:generation; it can reproduce asexually by forming
2008:Watanabe F, Yabuta Y, Bito T, Teng F (May 2014).
1770:
2504:
2113:
2062:
1758:Seaweed Resources in Europe: Uses and Potential.
391:
255:oceans. In East Asia, it is used to produce the
2056:
1957:sp. ND137 for the production of protoplasts of
523:
411:
556:peoples of the North American Pacific coast.
449:
435:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1726:
1724:
513:
499:
381:
2147:
239:phylum of laver species (from which comes
57:
2035:
2025:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1882:
1749:
1747:
2222:Video footage of Laverbread or Bara Lawr
1970:
1925:(Food and food products from seaweeds).
1862:
1721:
470:has been cultivated extensively in many
1947:
1896:Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
1707:
1705:
355:was discovered in 1949 by the British
2505:
2107:
1917:
1906:
1780:British Phycological Society, London.
1744:
528:". Porphyra was also harvested by the
2231:
2230:
488:. In Japan, the annual production of
2464:ec9f382e-03b2-4044-9a64-65ba365c9412
1872:The Natural History Museum, London.
1825:
1730:Brodie, J.A. and Irvine, L.M. 2003.
1702:
2063:Melina V, Craig W, Levin S (2016).
1665:, and the species from New Zealand
380:Most human cultures with access to
235:. More specifically, it belongs to
13:
1776:Hardy, F.G. and Guiry, M.D. 2006.
14:
2549:
2187:
522:is considered a delicacy, called
492:species is valued at 100 billion
2538:Taxa named by Carl Adolph Agardh
2207:
2193:
2162:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01052.x
2128:World Register of Marine Species
1760:John Wiley and Sons, Chichester
89:
19:For the color known in Greek as
2141:
2001:
1931:Phycological Society of America
1888:Mumford, T.F. and Miura, A. 4.
1819:
1801:
1790:
1732:Seaweeds of the British Isles.
1449:
559:
1:
1696:
299:
590:
177:
7:
1684:
231:that grow in cold, shallow
10:
2554:
2081:10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025
1927:Cambridge University Press
1166:Porphyra oligospermatangia
579:
512:. In Hawaii, "the species
309:alternation of generations
37:
18:
2239:
2114:Michael D. Guiry (2024).
1647:have been transferred to
914:Porphyra kanyakumariensis
450:
436:
412:
307:displays a heteromorphic
191:
184:
175:
170:
86:Scientific classification
84:
65:
56:
49:
1894:Algae and Human Affairs.
360:Kathleen Mary Drew-Baker
38:Not to be confused with
1923:Algae and human affairs
1305:Porphyra schistothallus
845:Porphyra guangdongensis
828:Porphyra grateloupicola
784:Porphyra dentimarginata
524:
375:
331:, carposporangia after
296:known, with 251 genes.
289:has one of the largest
1183:Porphyra plocamiestris
1072:Porphyra monosporangia
858:Porphyra inaequicrassa
822:Zhang & Wang, 1993
629:Porphyra argentinensis
514:
500:
466:. The marine red alga
392:
382:
1674:Pyropia virididentata
1384:Porphyra tristanensis
852:& T.J.Chang, 1978
642:Porphyra atropurpurea
2204:at Wikimedia Commons
1536:Porphyra microphylla
1436:Porphyra woolhouseae
1397:Porphyra umbilicalis
1269:Pan & Wang, 1982
1265:Porphyra ramosissima
1248:Porphyra qingdaoensi
1059:Porphyra microphylla
1012:Porphyra malvanensis
931:Porphyra ledermannii
901:Porphyra irregularis
818:Porphyra fujianensis
755:Porphyra corallicola
482:and the Korean food
369:Porphyra umbilicalis
68:Porphyra umbilicalis
1840:1949Natur.164..748D
1808:Porphyra life cycle
1626:Porphyra tenuissima
1582:Porphyra reniformis
1119:Porphyra ochotensis
957:Porphyra longissima
772:Porphyra delicatula
669:Porphyra autumnalis
656:Porphyra augustinae
283:coast. The species
1959:Porphyra yezoensis
1919:Abbott, Isabella A
1813:2007-04-11 at the
1609:Porphyra subtumens
1510:Porphyra hospitans
1484:Porphyra cucullata
1343:Porphyra subtumens
1321:Porphyra segregata
1196:Porphyra pujalsiae
1145:Porphyra okhaensis
1089:Porphyra mumfordii
1042:Porphyra marginata
1004:L.Contreras-Porcia
970:L.Contreras-Porcia
726:Porphyra chauhanii
713:Porphyra ceylanica
251:in cold waters of
2500:
2499:
2472:Open Tree of Life
2233:Taxon identifiers
2198:Media related to
2075:(12): 1970ā1980.
2027:10.3390/nu6051861
1940:978-0-521-32115-0
1868:Thomas, D. 2002.
1834:(4174): 748ā749.
1712:Guiry, Michael D.
1662:Pyropia yezoensis
1638:
1621:
1604:
1590:
1577:
1570:
1557:
1544:
1531:
1518:
1505:
1492:
1479:
1466:
1444:
1431:
1423:Porphyra vulgaris
1418:
1410:Porphyra violacea
1405:
1392:
1379:
1363:
1350:
1338:
1316:
1300:
1287:
1275:Porphyra rizzinii
1270:
1260:
1243:
1230:Porphyra purpurea
1225:
1213:Porphyra punctata
1208:
1191:
1178:
1161:
1140:
1132:Porphyra okamurae
1127:
1114:
1101:
1084:
1067:
1054:
1037:
1029:Porphyra marcosii
1024:
1007:
986:
973:
952:
944:Porphyra linearis
939:
926:
909:
896:
883:
866:
853:
840:
823:
813:
796:
779:
767:
750:
743:Porphyra coccinea
738:
721:
708:
700:Porphyra capensis
695:
682:Porphyra bulbopes
677:
664:
651:
637:
624:
607:
599:Porphyra akasakae
530:Southern Kwakiutl
496:(US$ 1 billion).
341:Conchocelis rosea
286:Porphyra purpurea
216:
215:
211:
201:
166:
74:Porphyra purpurea
2545:
2513:Red algae genera
2493:
2492:
2480:
2479:
2467:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2444:
2443:
2441:NHMSYS0021059447
2431:
2430:
2418:
2417:
2405:
2404:
2392:
2391:
2379:
2378:
2366:
2365:
2353:
2352:
2340:
2339:
2327:
2326:
2314:
2313:
2301:
2300:
2288:
2287:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2228:
2227:
2212:Data related to
2211:
2197:
2182:
2181:
2156:(5): 1131ā1151.
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2069:J Acad Nutr Diet
2060:
2054:
2053:
2039:
2029:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1989:. 30 August 2018
1979:
1968:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1915:
1904:
1886:
1880:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1848:10.1038/164748a0
1823:
1817:
1805:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1774:
1768:
1751:
1742:
1728:
1719:
1709:
1629:
1612:
1598:
1595:Porphyra sericea
1585:
1572:
1565:
1562:Porphyra nobilis
1552:
1539:
1526:
1513:
1500:
1497:Porphyra grayana
1487:
1474:
1471:Porphyra cordata
1461:
1439:
1426:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1371:
1358:
1355:Porphyra tanakae
1346:
1324:
1308:
1295:
1292:Porphyra roseana
1278:
1268:
1251:
1233:
1216:
1199:
1186:
1169:
1148:
1135:
1122:
1109:
1106:Porphyra njordii
1092:
1075:
1062:
1045:
1032:
1015:
994:
981:
978:Porphyra lucasii
960:
947:
934:
917:
904:
891:
874:
861:
848:
831:
821:
804:
787:
775:
758:
746:
729:
716:
703:
685:
672:
659:
645:
632:
615:
612:Porphyra angusta
602:
527:
521:
518:
507:
504:
474:countries as an
453:
452:
439:
438:
415:
414:
395:
385:
335:produce spores (
206:
196:
161:
94:
93:
61:
47:
46:
16:Genus of seaweed
2553:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2523:Edible seaweeds
2503:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2488:
2483:
2475:
2470:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2447:
2439:
2434:
2426:
2421:
2413:
2408:
2400:
2395:
2387:
2382:
2374:
2369:
2361:
2356:
2348:
2343:
2335:
2330:
2322:
2317:
2309:
2304:
2296:
2291:
2283:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2235:
2190:
2185:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2120:C.Agardh, 1824"
2112:
2108:
2061:
2057:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1971:
1962:Eur. J. Phycol.
1952:
1948:
1941:
1933:. p. 141.
1916:
1907:
1887:
1883:
1867:
1863:
1824:
1820:
1815:Wayback Machine
1806:
1802:
1795:
1791:
1775:
1771:
1752:
1745:
1729:
1722:
1710:
1703:
1699:
1687:
1668:Pyropia rakiura
1641:
1523:Porphyra livida
1458:Porphyra carnea
1452:
1447:
1368:Porphyra tenuis
1335:V.Krishnamurthy
991:Porphyra luchea
919:V.Krishnamurthy
876:V.Krishnamurthy
871:Porphyra indica
801:Porphyra dioica
593:
582:
562:
516:
502:
378:
302:
265:(in Japan) and
245:intertidal zone
202:
160:
88:
43:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2551:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2481:
2468:
2458:
2445:
2432:
2419:
2406:
2393:
2380:
2367:
2354:
2341:
2328:
2315:
2302:
2289:
2276:
2261:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2218:at Wikispecies
2205:
2189:
2188:External links
2186:
2184:
2183:
2140:
2106:
2055:
2020:(5): 1861ā73.
2000:
1987:eatweeds.co.uk
1969:
1946:
1939:
1905:
1881:
1861:
1818:
1800:
1789:
1769:
1743:
1720:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1656:Pyropia tenera
1653:: for example
1640:
1639:
1622:
1605:
1591:
1578:
1558:
1549:Porphyra minor
1545:
1532:
1519:
1506:
1493:
1480:
1467:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1432:
1419:
1406:
1393:
1380:
1364:
1351:
1339:
1317:
1301:
1288:
1271:
1261:
1244:
1226:
1209:
1192:
1179:
1162:
1141:
1128:
1115:
1102:
1085:
1068:
1055:
1038:
1025:
1008:
987:
974:
953:
940:
927:
910:
897:
888:Porphyra ionae
884:
867:
854:
841:
824:
814:
797:
780:
768:
751:
739:
735:M.V.N.Panikkar
722:
709:
696:
678:
665:
652:
638:
625:
608:
594:
592:
589:
581:
578:
561:
558:
542:Nuu-chah-nulth
476:edible seaweed
377:
374:
315:we see is the
301:
298:
277:sea vegetables
214:
213:
189:
188:
182:
181:
173:
172:
168:
167:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
106:Archaeplastida
103:
96:
95:
82:
81:
63:
62:
54:
53:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2550:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Bangiophyceae
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
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793:Wang Su-chuan
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257:sea vegetable
254:
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227:of coldwater
226:
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124:
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107:
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55:
52:
48:
45:
41:
34:
30:
26:
25:Tyrian purple
22:
2533:Edible algae
2240:
2214:
2200:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2123:
2117:
2109:
2100:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2049:
2017:
2013:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1986:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1922:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1869:
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1831:
1827:
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1408:
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1341:
1319:
1303:
1290:
1284:E.C.Oliveira
1273:
1263:
1246:
1228:
1211:
1205:E.C.Oliveira
1194:
1181:
1164:
1143:
1130:
1117:
1111:P.M.Pedersen
1104:
1087:
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1010:
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942:
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782:
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741:
731:C.Anil Kumar
724:
711:
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680:
667:
654:
640:
627:
610:
597:
584:
583:
564:
563:
536:, Seechelt,
519:atropurpurea
498:
489:
483:
467:
463:
459:
441:
425:
421:
420:(Japanese),
417:
401:
379:
367:
352:
344:
340:
304:
303:
284:
272:
266:
260:
219:
218:
217:
203:
193:
192:
176:
156:
155:
99:
77:(front), in
72:
71:(right) and
66:
50:
44:
28:
20:
2397:iNaturalist
2265:Wikispecies
1955:Pseudomonas
1691:Green laver
1450:Unconfirmed
1034:P.A.Cordero
1000:M.E.RamĆrez
966:M.E.RamĆrez
923:M.Baluswami
880:M.Baluswami
569:vitamin B12
560:Vitamin B12
505:umbilicalis
357:phycologist
345:Conchocelis
337:carpospores
249:splash zone
194:Conchocelis
2507:Categories
1967:: 321-328.
1754:Kain, J.M.
1697:References
1635:Frauenfeld
1567:De Notaris
1528:De Notaris
1489:De Notaris
1188:R.W.Ricker
906:E.Fukuhara
893:R.W.Ricker
863:Perestenko
837:H.M.Crouan
833:P.L.Crouan
810:L.M.Irvine
510:laverbread
398:Vietnamese
300:Life cycle
241:laverbread
146:Bangiaceae
116:Rhodophyta
112:Division:
79:Heligoland
2371:FloraBase
2280:AlgaeBase
2150:J. Phycol
2014:Nutrients
1870:Seaweeds.
1618:R.M.Laing
1599:(Wulfen)
1587:Meneghini
1554:Zanardini
1515:Zanardini
1476:Meneghini
1389:Baardseth
1373:B.F.Zheng
1310:B.F.Zheng
1257:B.F.Zheng
1253:C.K.Tseng
1175:B.F.Zheng
1171:C.K.Tseng
1150:H.V.Joshi
1064:Zanardini
1051:T.J.Chang
1047:C.K.Tseng
1021:P.S.N.Rao
1017:Anilkumar
996:A.Meynard
962:A.Meynard
850:C.K.Tseng
777:Welwitsch
674:Zanardini
634:M.L.Piriz
591:Confirmed
567:contains
550:Tsimshian
538:Squawmish
525:Limu luau
393:rong biį»n
351:stage of
281:Irish Sea
259:products
253:temperate
237:red algae
136:Bangiales
40:Porphyria
2528:Seaweeds
2337:Porphyra
2332:eFloraSA
2271:Porphyra
2256:Q2104475
2250:Wikidata
2241:Porphyra
2215:Porphyra
2201:Porphyra
2170:27020195
2133:17 April
2118:Porphyra
2089:27886704
2046:24803097
1993:22 March
1890:Porphyra
1811:Archived
1685:See also
1681:itself.
1679:Porphyra
1645:Porphyra
1631:C.Agardh
1614:J.Agardh
1601:J.Agardh
1574:J.Agardh
1415:J.Agardh
1348:J.Agardh
1327:Setchell
1240:C.Agardh
1222:H.Mikami
1218:Y.Yamada
1158:A.Tewari
1098:K.M.Cole
949:Greville
806:J.Brodie
760:H.Kucera
748:J.Agardh
718:J.Agardh
646:(Olivi)
585:Porphyra
565:Porphyra
490:Porphyra
468:Porphyra
408:Japanese
383:Porphyra
366:species
364:European
362:for the
353:Porphyra
347:was the
305:Porphyra
273:Porphyra
233:seawater
229:seaweeds
220:Porphyra
204:Phyllona
186:Synonyms
178:see text
171:Species
163:C.Agardh
157:Porphyra
142:Family:
51:Porphyra
21:porphyra
2415:1311187
2389:2653483
2178:2779596
2097:4984228
2051:vegans.
2037:4042564
1856:4134419
1836:Bibcode
1650:Pyropia
1541:Reinsch
1502:Reinsch
1428:KĆ¼tzing
1402:KĆ¼tzing
1154:R.M.Oza
1081:J.Zhang
983:Levring
705:KĆ¼tzing
661:KĆ¼tzing
648:De Toni
617:Okamura
604:A.Miura
580:Species
554:Tlingit
456:karengo
446:Chinese
418:amanori
349:diploid
343:. That
333:mitosis
329:diploid
325:gametes
317:haploid
313:thallus
294:genomes
291:plastid
279:on the
198:Batters
152:Genus:
132:Order:
122:Class:
33:Pyropia
29:pyropia
2490:143808
2477:726205
2461:NZOR:
2402:123633
2298:207478
2176:
2168:
2095:
2087:
2044:
2034:
1937:
1900:
1876:
1854:
1828:Nature
1784:
1764:
1738:
1637:, 1855
1620:, 1928
1603:, 1883
1589:, 1849
1576:, 1883
1569:, 1846
1556:, 1847
1543:, 1878
1530:, 1846
1517:, 1855
1504:, 1875
1491:, 1865
1478:, 1844
1465:, 1889
1463:Grunow
1443:, 1863
1441:Harvey
1430:, 1843
1417:, 1899
1404:, 1843
1391:, 1941
1375:&
1362:, 1985
1337:, 1972
1329:&
1312:&
1299:, 1928
1297:M.Howe
1286:, 1976
1282:&
1259:, 1988
1255:&
1242:, 1824
1224:, 1956
1220:&
1207:, 1976
1203:&
1190:, 1987
1177:, 1981
1173:&
1160:, 1992
1156:&
1139:, 1932
1126:, 1941
1113:, 2011
1100:, 1992
1096:&
1083:, 1980
1079:&
1077:S.Wang
1066:, 1860
1053:, 1958
1049:&
1036:, 1976
1023:, 2005
1019:&
1006:, 2018
1002:&
985:, 1953
972:, 2018
968:&
951:, 1830
938:, 1911
936:Pilger
925:, 1984
921:&
908:, 1968
895:, 1987
882:, 1984
878:&
865:, 1980
839:, 1878
835:&
812:, 1997
808:&
795:, 1960
791:&
766:, 2012
762:&
737:, 1995
733:&
720:, 1883
707:, 1843
694:, 1932
676:, 1860
663:, 1843
650:, 1897
636:, 1981
623:, 1932
619:&
606:, 1977
574:vegans
552:, and
546:Nuxalk
517:
503:
485:gimbap
464:slukos
432:Korean
321:spores
311:. The
208:J.Hill
31:, see
23:, see
2485:WoRMS
2428:11540
2410:IRMNG
2376:26337
2363:1QQAG
2324:63PYM
2311:77836
2174:S2CID
2124:WoRMS
2093:S2CID
1852:S2CID
1124:Nagai
688:Yendo
534:Haida
480:sushi
472:Asian
460:sloke
442:zĒcĆ i
422:zakai
388:laver
225:genus
223:is a
100:Clade
2454:2784
2449:NCBI
2423:ITIS
2384:GBIF
2358:EPPO
2350:9875
2306:BOLD
2293:APNI
2166:PMID
2135:2024
2085:PMID
2042:PMID
1995:2021
1935:ISBN
1898:ISBN
1874:ISBN
1782:ISBN
1762:ISBN
1736:ISBN
1671:and
1377:J.Li
1314:J.Li
1280:Coll
1236:Roth
1201:Coll
1137:Ueda
692:Ueda
621:Ueda
403:nori
376:Food
262:nori
210:1773
200:1892
165:1824
2436:NBN
2345:EoL
2319:CoL
2158:doi
2077:doi
2073:116
2032:PMC
2022:doi
1844:doi
1832:164
1633:ex
1616:ex
1571:or
1331:Hus
494:yen
462:or
454:),
440:),
427:gim
416:),
400:),
268:gim
2509::
2487::
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2373::
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2172:.
2164:.
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2126:.
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2099:.
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2083:.
2071:.
2067:.
2048:.
2040:.
2030:.
2016:.
2012:.
1985:.
1972:^
1965:41
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501:P.
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444:(
437:ź¹
434::
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406:(
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42:.
35:.
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