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The main eyes focus accurately on an object at distances from approximately 2 centimetres (0.79 in) to infinity, and in practice can see up to about 75 centimetres (30 in). Like all jumping spiders, its main eyes can take in only a small visual field at one time, as the most acute part of a
633:
has been observed to perform vibratory behavior for three days until the victim decided to investigate. They time invasions of webs to coincide with light breezes that blur the vibrations that their approach causes in the target's web; and they back off if the intended victim responds belligerently.
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can also rely on movement cues to locate prey. In this specific strategy, when potential prey knows it's been seen and stands still to avoid detection, undirected leaps occur in the vicinity of the prey. As a result, the prey will then react to this visual cue, believing itself to have been seen,
806:
species have complex eyes that support exceptional spatial acuity. They have eight eyes. Three pairs of eyes positioned along the sides of the cephalothorax (called the secondary eyes) have a combined field-of-view of almost 360Β° and serve primarily as movement detectors. A pair of forward-facing
1048:
male shows off his legs and extends them stiffly and shakes them to attract the female. The female then drums on the web. After the male mounts her, the female drops a dragline and they mate in mid-air. Mating with Portia spiders can occur off or on the web. The spider also practices
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species have a slow, "choppy" gait that preserves their concealment: pausing often and at irregular intervals; waving their legs continuously and their palps jerkily up and down; moving each appendage out of time with the others; and continuously varying the speed and timing.
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that feeds on other spiders (i.e., they are araneophagic or arachnophagic). They are remarkable for their intelligent hunting behaviour, which suggests that they are capable of learning and problem solving, traits normally attributed to much larger animals.
1057:, however, is an exception; it does not usually exhibit such behavior.) If the male is killed before completing copulation, the male sperm is removed and the male is then eaten. If the male finishes mating before being killed, the sperm is kept for
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species are known to leap upwards about 100 to 150 millimetres (4 to 6 in) often from the cryptic rest pose, and often over a wide trajectory. Usually the spider then either freezes or runs about 100 millimetres (4 in) and then freezes.
953:
species adopt a special posture, called the "cryptic rest posture", pulling their legs in close to the body and their palps back beside the chelicerae ("jaws"), which obscures the outlines of these appendages. When walking, most
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of this species do this the first time they encounter a spitting spider. On the other hand, they will use a head-on approach against spitting spiders that are carrying eggs. However, experiments that pitted
756:
of familiar and unfamiliar individuals of the same species and between their own draglines and those of conspecifics. The ability to recognize individuals is a necessary prerequisite for social behavior.
707:
use different combat tactics against different prey spiders. On the other hand, when attacking unarmed prey, such as flies, they simply stalk and rush, and they also capture prey by means of sticky webs.
848:
s eyes may be as small as 2.4 minutes of arc, which is only six times worse than in humans, and is six times better than in the most acute insect eye. It is also clearer in daylight than a
1663:
548:
have instinctive hunting tactics for their most common prey, but can improvise by trial and error against unfamiliar prey or in unfamiliar situations, and then remember the new approach.
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Nonetheless, they seem to be relatively slow thinkers, as is to be expected since they solve tactical problems by using brains vastly smaller than those of mammalian predators.
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1723:
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takes a relatively long time to see objects, possibly because getting a good image out of such small eyes is a complex process and requires a lot of scanning. This makes a
2545:
Clark, R.J.; Jackson, R.R. (1994). "Self recognition in a jumping spider: Portia labiata females discriminate between their own draglines and those of conspecifics".
2475:
Jackson, Robert R.; Pollard, Simon D.; Salm, Kathryn (2008). "Observations of Portia
Africana , an araneophagic jumping spider, living together and sharing prey".
2392:
Harland, D.P. & Jackson, R.R. (April 2006). "A knife in the back: use of prey-specific attack tactics by araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)".
559:, and are capable of trying out a behavior to obtain feedback regarding success or failure, and they can plan ahead (as it seems from their detouring behavior).
3470:
1159:
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3307:
D.Harland and R.Jackson. Portia
Perceptions: the Umwelt of an Araneophagic Jumping Spider / Complex Worlds from Simpler Nervous Systems. MIT Press, 2004
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1231:
1182:
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Harland, D.P.; Jackson, R.R. (2006). "A knife in the back: use of prey-specific attack tactics by araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)".
1361:
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Harland, D.P & Jackson R.R. (2000): 'Eight-legged cats' and how they see - a review of recent research on jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae).
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the struggle of a trapped insect or the courtship signals of a male spider, repeating any pattern that induces the intended prey to move towards the
1347:
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exhibits a mating behavior and strategy different from that of other jumping spiders. In most jumping spiders, males mount females to mate. The
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s accurate visual recognition of potential prey is an important part of its hunting tactics. For example, in one part of the
Philippines, local
1397:
1336:
1245:
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can distinguish their own draglines from conspecifics', recognizing self from others, and also discriminate between known and unknown spiders.
3461:
2598:"Comparative ultrastructure of Layer I receptor mosaics in principal eyes of jumping spiders: The evolution of regular arrays of light guides"
2510:
Clark, R.J.; Jackson, R.R. (1995). "Araneophagic jumping spiders discriminate between the draglines of familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics".
3664:
1617:, areanophagic, web-building jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) utilisation of webs, predatory versatility, and intraspecfic interactions"
1307:
2657:
3319:
2063:
1375:
2635:
Harland, D.P.; Li, D.; Jackson, R.R. (2012). "How jumping spiders see the world". In
Lazareva, O.; Shimizu, T.; Wasserman, E.A. (eds.).
2013:
2681:
1762:"Scipinia is a genus of true bugs in the family assassin bugs." Encyclopedia of Life. Scipinia StΓ₯l 1861. Scipinia rapax Miller 1941.
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1946:
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s palps and legs break off very easily, which may be a defense mechanism, and
Portias are often seen with missing legs or palps.
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2795:
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2298:
2079:
2028:
1989:
1956:
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2335:
Wilcox, S. & Jackson, R. (2002). "Jumping Spider
Tricksters". In Bekoff, M.; Allen, C. & Burghardt, G.M. (eds.).
657:
learns very quickly how to overcome web-building spiders that neither it nor its ancestors would have met in the wild.
3312:
2770:
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3075:"Cues by which Portia fimbriata, an araneophagic jumping spider, distinguishes jumping-spider prey from other prey"
1002:
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relies on visual features of general morphology and colour (or relative brightness) when identifying prey types.
565:
species can make detours to find the best attack angle against dangerous prey, even when the best detour takes a
1006:
3048:
2732:
2419:
Clark, R. J.; Harland, D. P.; Jackson, R.R (2000). "Speculative hunting by an araneophagic salticid Spider".
1883:""Eight-legged cats" and how they see - a review of recent research on jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)"
1724:""Eight-legged cats" and how they see - a review of recent research on jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)"
1505:"Salticid spider phylogeny revisited, with the discovery of a large Australasian clade (Araneae: Salticidae)"
3405:
2818:
2314:
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2231:"The remarkable, yet not extraordinary, human brain as a scaled-up primate brain and its associated cost"
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anterior median eyes (called the principal eyes) are adapted for colour vision and high spatial acuity.
3738:
3733:
3578:
941:
776:
3245:
2463:
3210:, a webβbuilding jumping spider (Araneae, Salticidae) from Queensland: intraspecific interactions".
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against "convincing" artificial spiders with arbitrary but consistent behavior patterns showed that
3743:
1418:
991:
831: in) wide at 30 centimetres (12 in) away. Jumping spiders' main eyes can see from red to
55:
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caught in a web, and this is often enough to fool web-building spiders, which have poor eyesight.
2119:
Cross, Fiona R.; Carvell, Georgina E.; Jackson, Robert R.; Grace, Randolph C. (14 October 2020).
1250:
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group, in which the apophysis of each palp in the males has a joint separated by a membrane. The
3049:"Ecology and Behavior in Portia schultzii, With Notes on Related Species (Areneae, Salticidae)I"
641:
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often cannot identify because of the predator's size. Some insects prey on Portia, for example,
3490:
2787:
2781:
1352:
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Their favorite prey appears to be web-building spiders between 10% and 200% of their own size.
592:(for comparison, a mouse brain has about 70 million neurons and a human brain has 86 billion).
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down a silk thread and biting the prey from behind. Such detours may take up to an hour, and a
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1973:
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Animal cognition in nature: the convergence of psychology and biology in laboratory and field
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Animal cognition in nature: the convergence of psychology and biology in laboratory and field
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1982:
Animal cognition in nature: the convergence of psychology and biology in laboratory and field
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s hunting is stimulated only by vision, and prey close by but hidden causes no response.
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50:
2700:"A qualitative analysis of hunting behaviour in jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)"
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1985:
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3118:, an araneophagic jumping spider, distinguishes jumping-spider prey from other prey"
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42:
32:
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Prey capture and mating behavior in jumping spiders belonging to the genus Portia
2637:
How animals see the world: comparative behavior, biology, and evolution of vision
1318:
1104:
911:
869:
use visual cues to distinguish members of the same species from other salticids.
735:
693:
669:
3000:"Specialised use of working memory by Portia africana, a spider-eating salticid"
2971:
2339:
The
Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition
2021:
The
Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition
1110:
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and the male is eaten. A majority of males are killed during sexual encounters.
3542:
1931:
1273:
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The secondary eyes have low spatial resolving power, but a wide field of view.
577:
usually picks the best route even if it needs to walk past an incorrect route.
552:
351:
242:
137:
3555:
3475:
3015:
2913:"A Comparative Analysis of the Camera-like Eyes of Jumping Spiders and Humans"
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2137:
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out of visual contact with the prey, and sometimes the planned route leads to
3722:
3513:
3290:
3282:
3231:
1915:
1811:
1642:
1528:
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may also scavenge corpses of dead arthropods they found, and consume nectar.
315:
127:
3133:
3090:
2432:
2255:
2196:
821: in) wide at 20 centimetres (8 in) away, or up to 18 millimetres (
3141:
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2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2274:
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1829:
1414:
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As of
October 2022 it contains 21 species, found in Africa, Asia, and
876:
is capable of mentally rotating visual objects held in its working memory.
638:
is unusual in its readiness to use long detours that break visual contact.
471:
307:
286:(i.e. quite similar to the ancestors of all jumping spiders), and that the
208:
173:
3565:
2929:
2856:
3625:
3522:
1916:"Jumping spiders: An exceptional group for comparative cognition studies"
1803:
1502:
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832:
753:
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may mimic fragments of leaf litter detritus. When close to biting range,
433:
300:
147:
97:
2321:
1777:"Specialized prey selection behavior of two East African assassin bugs,
3617:
2613:
2293:. Princeton, New Jersey 08540: Princeton University Press. p. 60.
2291:
Beyond The Brain: How Body and
Environment Shape Animal and Human Minds
1482:
1330:
413:
1948:
Super Fly: The Unexpected Lives of the World's Most Successful Insects
3630:
2783:
Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals
2289:
Barrett, Louise (24 April 2011). "The Implausible Nature of Portia".
1487:
Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals
1300:
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67:
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1874:
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980:
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male meets a sub-mature female, he will try to cohabitate with her.
3507:
3246:
The life cycle of three species of Portia (Salticidae, Spartaeinae)
2879:"A review of the ethology of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)"
2464:
http://galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au/~ximena/Jackson%20et%20al%202001.pdf
1852:"A revision of the spider genus Portia (Araneae : Salticidae)"
1120:
673:
611:
489:
Portia are relatively small spiders. For example, adult females of
417:
326:
223:
107:
2444:
2442:
1869:
1326:
1256:
699:
Against other jumping spiders, which also have excellent vision,
584:
has a brain significantly smaller than the size of the head of a
513: in) in body length and adult males are 5 to 7 millimetres (
445:
421:
397:
2962:
Land, M. F. (1985). "The Morphology and Optics of Spider Eyes".
1763:
1503:
Maddison, Wayne P.; Melissa R. Bodner; Karen M. Needham (2008).
3604:
1463:
1369:
1175:
896:
799:
Diagram of the visual fields of the spider as viewed from above
672:, which themselves hunt jumping spiders. This appears to be an
589:
467:
441:
401:
117:
77:
2439:
2101:
Complex Worlds from Simpler Nervous Systems. MIT Press, 2004.
1413:
Portia jumping spiders as the dominant species evolving on a
1239:
1220:
1216:
1053:. The female usually twists and lunges at the mounted male. (
621:
try to make different patterns of vibrations in the web that
429:
425:
409:
381:
323:
283:
238:
2724:
2579:
Jerome Casas. Spider Physiology and: Behaviour. 2011. p.56
892:
888:
459:
455:
2391:
1880:
1774:
1721:
254:
The genus was established in 1878 by German arachnologist
2693:
2691:
2019:. In Bekoff, M.; Allen, C. & Burghardt, G.M. (eds.).
1594:
849:
585:
544:
often hunt in ways that seem intelligent. All members of
271:
3161:
3155:
3111:
2876:
2730:
2596:
Blest, A. D.; O'Carroll, D. C.; Carter, Margrit (1990).
2595:
2169:
2118:
2057:
2055:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1565:
Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology
1417:
planet feature prominently in the science fiction novel
1078:
can regenerate a lost limb about 7 days after moulting.
668:
spiders attack from the rear against the very dangerous
3317:
2170:
Herculano-Houzel, S.; Mota, B.; Lent, R. (2006-07-31).
2061:
2005:
1971:
1590:
1588:
1586:
811:
main eye can see all of a circle up to 12 millimetres (
3105:
2737:, with notes on related species (Araneae, Salticidae)"
2688:
2639:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 133β164.
1913:
903:
often cannot identify because of the predator's size.
696:
approach from which these spiders learn very quickly.
3320:"Cognitive Abilities of Araneophagic Jumping Spiders"
2334:
2064:"Cognitive Abilities of Araneophagic Jumping Spiders"
2052:
2011:
1974:"Cognitive Abilities of Araneophagic Jumping Spiders"
1706:
692:
s instinctive tactics are only starting points for a
2834:"The distances at which a primitive jumping spider,
1914:
Aguilar-Arguello, Samuel; Nelson, Ximena J. (2021).
1583:
358:
At least some species of Portia are in the state of
3112:Harland, D. P.; Robert R. Jackson (November 2000).
2993:
2991:
2418:
370:but no eggs were laid; during all cases the female
2474:
2831:
3720:
2988:
2786:. Westport, CT 06881: Greenwood Press. pp.
2634:
2228:
739:were observed living together and sharing prey.
2235:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2176:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1595:Jackson, Robert R.; Susan E. A. Hallas (1986).
3369:
3318:Wilcox, R. Stimson; Robert R. Jackson (1998).
3072:
2062:Wilcox, R. Stimson; Robert R. Jackson (1998).
1972:Wilcox, R. Stimson; Robert R. Jackson (1998).
1775:Jackson, R. R.; K. Salm; X. N. Nelson (2010).
3162:Harland, Duane P.; Robert R. Jackson (2004).
3073:Jackson, R. R.; Harland, D. P. (2000-11-15).
2877:Richman, David B.; Robert R. Jackson (1992).
2121:"Arthropod Intelligence? The Case for Portia"
1072:species have a life span of about 1.5 years.
2997:
2544:
2509:
887:vulnerable to much larger predators such as
3206:Jackson, Robert R. (1982). "The biology of
3176:Complex worlds from simpler nervous systems
2886:Bulletin of the British Arachnology Society
2731:Forster, Lyn M.; Frances M. Murphy (1986).
2282:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1009:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
454:are vulnerable to larger predators such as
391:
2449:Zealand, The Royal Society of New (1986).
2172:"Cellular scaling rules for rodent brains"
1881:Harland, D.P. & Jackson, R.R. (2000).
1722:Harland, D.P. & Jackson, R.R. (2000).
775:
374:twisted and lunged in an attempt to bite.
322:group, in which males' palps have a fixed
222:
31:
3023:
2938:
2928:
2910:
2904:
2715:
2264:
2254:
2205:
2195:
2146:
2136:
1819:
1632:
1029:Learn how and when to remove this message
249:
3257:
3046:
1944:
1785:sp. that prey on social jumping spiders"
1597:"Comparative biology of jumping spiders
1435:
1408:
910:
794:
640:
634:Other jumping spiders take detours, but
3205:
2697:
2448:
2288:
1849:
1551:
1051:cannibalism before and after copulation
3721:
2680:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1698:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1547:
1545:
937:Portia schultzi moving on a human hand
872:Cross and Jackson (2014) suggest that
588:, and it likely has less than 100,000
3489:
3488:
2768:
2012:Wilcox, S. & Jackson, R. (2002).
1458:. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019.
949:When not hunting for prey or a mate,
752:females can discriminate between the
601:
3258:Robinson, Martyn (31 January 2017).
2961:
1007:adding citations to reliable sources
974:
617:When stalking web-building spiders,
3406:Guide to Common Singapore Spiders:
3122:The Journal of Experimental Biology
3047:Foster, Lyn M.; Murphy, Frances M.
1542:
13:
3301:
3248:. Ir.canterbury.ac.nz, 1987. p. 69
3224:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1982.tb03505.x
2832:Jackson, R.R.; A.D. Blest (1982).
1945:Balcombe, Jonathan (25 May 2021).
1325:β Central, East, Southern Africa,
728:
304:genera are its closest relatives.
14:
3755:
3391:
3172:of an Aranephagic Jumping Spider"
2229:Herculano-Houzel, Suzana (2012).
1850:Wanless, F.R (21 December 1978).
1456:World Spider Catalog Version 20.0
3706:urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:03169
3467:(with distribution in Australia)
3384:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00112.x
2512:Ethology Ecology & Evolution
2451:"New Zealand Journal of Zoology"
2406:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00112.x
1859:Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool
1554:"A revision of the spider genus
979:
930:
768:
377:Some specimens found trapped in
270:, a technique that compares the
54:
3251:
3238:
3199:
3174:. In Frederick R. Prete (ed.).
3079:Journal of Experimental Biology
3066:
3040:
2998:Cross, FR; Jackson, RR (2014).
2955:
2870:
2845:Journal of Experimental Biology
2838:, makes visual discriminations"
2825:
2762:
2643:
2628:
2589:
2573:
2538:
2503:
2468:
2457:
2412:
2385:
2361:
2222:
2163:
2112:
2095:
1965:
1938:
1907:
1843:
1284:β Sri Lanka to China, Vietnam,
970:
676:behavior, as laboratory-reared
536:
2704:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
2477:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
1768:
1756:
1656:
1634:10.1080/03014223.1986.10422978
1621:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
1496:
1476:
384:were identified as related to
274:of organisms to construct the
258:. The fringed jumping spider (
1:
2717:10.1080/03014223.1977.9517936
2567:10.1080/08927014.1994.9522987
2532:10.1080/08927014.1995.9522964
2023:. MIT Press. pp. 27β34.
1764:https://eol.org/pages/9003840
1428:
1164:(Peckham & Peckham, 1907)
841:The inter-receptor angles of
715:providing motion that allows
653:Laboratory studies show that
484:
3178:. MIT Press. pp. 5β40.
2698:Forster, Lyndsay M. (1977).
918:photographed during movement
481:(that is, Scipinia rapax ).
215:
7:
2972:10.1007/978-3-642-70348-5_4
2014:"Jumping Spider Tricksters"
906:
10:
3760:
3400:Diagnostic Drawing Library
3056:The Journal of Arachnology
2744:The Journal of Arachnology
2733:"Ecology and behaviour in
1932:10.3758/s13420-020-00445-2
1452:"Gen. Portia Karsch, 1878"
1090:
3497:
3362:- vision and behavior in
3016:10.1007/s10071-013-0675-2
2964:Neurobiology of Arachnids
2489:10.1080/03014220809510119
2138:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568049
1792:Journal of Insect Science
1737:: 231β240. Archived from
1521:10.11646/zootaxa.1893.1.3
1402:Peng, Li & Chen, 2003
1391:(Xu, Peng & Li, 2021)
1297:Murphy & Murphy, 1983
1198:(Xu, Peng & Li, 2021)
1187:(Xu, Peng & Li, 2021)
1153:(Xu, Peng & Li, 2021)
1064:
929:
924:
760:
493:are 5 to 10 millimetres (
221:
214:
207:
200:
195:
179:
172:
51:Scientific classification
49:
39:
30:
23:
3326:; Alan C. Kamil (eds.).
2817:: CS1 maint: location (
2602:Cell and Tissue Research
2369:"Fringed Jumping Spider"
2313:: CS1 maint: location (
2241:(Suppl 1): 10661β10668.
2070:; Alan C. Kamil (eds.).
1980:; Alan C. Kamil (eds.).
392:Distribution and ecology
362:: in a laboratory, male
3324:Irene Maxine Pepperberg
3322:. In Russell P. Balda;
3134:10.1242/jeb.203.22.3485
3091:10.1242/jeb.203.22.3485
2433:10.1163/156853900502736
2256:10.1073/pnas.1201895109
2197:10.1073/pnas.0604911103
2125:Frontiers in Psychology
2068:Irene Maxine Pepperberg
2066:. In Russell P. Balda;
1978:Irene Maxine Pepperberg
1976:. In Russell P. Balda;
1920:Learning & Behavior
733:Members of the species
282:is a member of a basal
264:) is the type species.
2911:Shepeleva, IP (2022).
2343:. MIT Press. pp.
1558:(Araneae: Salticidae)"
1552:Wanless, F.R. (1978).
919:
800:
719:to see and attack it.
650:
366:copulated with female
360:reproductive isolation
250:Taxonomy and evolution
2930:10.3390/vision6010002
2857:10.1242/jeb.97.1.441a
2771:"The Quest for Food:
2373:The Australian Museum
1409:In popular literature
1341:Tang & Yang, 1997
1227:, Taiwan to Australia
962:When disturbed, some
914:
798:
644:
3271:Invertebrate Rearing
3128:(Pt 22): 3485β3494.
2769:Piper, Ross (2007).
1804:10.1673/031.010.8201
1366:Zhang & Li, 2005
1267:Song & Zhu, 1998
1003:improve this section
3480:hunting web spiders
3398:Description in the
2559:1994EtEcE...6..371C
2524:1995EtEcE...7..185C
2247:2012PNAS..10910661H
2188:2006PNAS..10312138H
2182:(32): 12138β12143.
1380:Peng & Li, 2002
1236:Xie & Yin, 1991
1160:Portia crassipalpis
1144:β India to Malaysia
268:Molecular phylogeny
182:Salticus fimbriatus
3462:Information about
3372:Journal of Zoology
3330:. Academic Press.
3212:Journal of Zoology
2966:. pp. 53β78.
2614:10.1007/BF00305241
2394:Journal of Zoology
2074:. Academic Press.
1984:. Academic Press.
1423:Adrian Tchaikovsky
1209:(Doleschall, 1859)
1133:β India to Vietnam
920:
801:
651:
623:aggressively mimic
602:Hunting techniques
310:divided the genus
3739:Spiders of Africa
3734:Salticidae genera
3716:
3715:
3678:Open Tree of Life
3491:Taxon identifiers
3337:978-0-12-077030-4
3185:978-0-262-66174-4
3168:Perceptions: The
3085:(22): 3485β3494.
2981:978-3-642-70350-8
2797:978-0-313-33922-6
2427:(12): 1601β1612.
2354:978-0-262-52322-6
2300:978-0-691-12644-9
2081:978-0-12-077030-4
2030:978-0-262-52322-6
1991:978-0-12-077030-4
1958:978-0-525-50604-1
1403:
1392:
1381:
1367:
1356:
1342:
1324:
1313:
1298:
1293:Portia orientalis
1283:
1268:
1254:
1237:
1232:Portia heteroidea
1210:
1199:
1188:
1183:Portia erlangping
1165:
1154:
1143:
1138:Portia assamensis
1132:
1114:
1039:
1038:
1031:
947:
946:
557:object permanence
396:The 17 described
278:, indicates that
230:
229:
168:
3751:
3709:
3708:
3696:
3695:
3686:
3685:
3673:
3672:
3660:
3659:
3647:
3646:
3634:
3633:
3621:
3620:
3608:
3607:
3595:
3594:
3582:
3581:
3569:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3546:
3545:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3486:
3485:
3454:Frontal view of
3387:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3295:
3294:
3268:
3262:Portia fimbriata
3255:
3249:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3208:Portia fimbriata
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3116:Portia fimbriata
3109:
3103:
3102:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3027:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2942:
2932:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2883:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2842:
2836:Portia fimbriata
2829:
2823:
2822:
2816:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2779:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2741:
2735:Portia schultzii
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2656:. Archived from
2655:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2593:
2587:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2547:Ethology Ecology
2542:
2536:
2535:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2472:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2342:
2332:
2319:
2318:
2312:
2304:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2268:
2258:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2150:
2140:
2116:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2033:. Archived from
2018:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1887:
1878:
1867:
1866:
1856:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1823:
1789:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1744:on 18 March 2009
1743:
1728:
1719:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1673:. Archived from
1668:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1636:
1592:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1562:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1500:
1494:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1448:
1419:Children of Time
1401:
1390:
1379:
1365:
1362:Portia taiwanica
1351:
1340:
1322:
1314:β China, Vietnam
1311:
1296:
1277:
1266:
1249:
1235:
1208:
1205:Portia fimbriata
1197:
1186:
1163:
1155:β China (Hainan)
1152:
1141:
1130:
1108:
1086:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1014:
983:
975:
938:
934:
933:
922:
921:
916:Portia fimbriata
864:
847:
830:
829:
825:
820:
819:
815:
779:
772:
691:
670:spitting spiders
663:
631:Portia fimbriata
610:looks like leaf
533: in) long.
532:
531:
527:
522:
521:
517:
512:
511:
507:
502:
501:
497:
261:Portia fimbriata
256:Friedrich Karsch
226:
163:
59:
58:
43:Portia fimbriata
35:
21:
20:
16:Genus of spiders
3759:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3744:Spiders of Asia
3719:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3704:
3699:
3691:
3689:
3681:
3676:
3668:
3663:
3655:
3650:
3642:
3637:
3629:
3624:
3616:
3611:
3603:
3598:
3590:
3585:
3577:
3572:
3564:
3562:
3554:
3549:
3541:
3536:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3493:
3446:Photographs of
3438:Photographs of
3430:Photographs of
3422:Photographs of
3414:Photographs of
3394:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3304:
3302:Further reading
3299:
3298:
3266:
3256:
3252:
3244:S.E.A. Hallas,
3243:
3239:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3114:"Cues by which
3110:
3106:
3071:
3067:
3051:
3045:
3041:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2960:
2956:
2909:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2881:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2840:
2830:
2826:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2777:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2739:
2729:
2725:
2696:
2689:
2673:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2651:"Archived copy"
2649:
2648:
2644:
2633:
2629:
2594:
2590:
2578:
2574:
2543:
2539:
2508:
2504:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2458:
2447:
2440:
2417:
2413:
2390:
2386:
2377:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2333:
2322:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2287:
2283:
2227:
2223:
2168:
2164:
2117:
2113:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2060:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2016:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1943:
1939:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1885:
1879:
1870:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1787:
1779:Scipinnia repax
1773:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1707:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1680:on 10 June 2016
1677:
1671:agro.icm.edu.pl
1666:
1664:"Archived copy"
1662:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1599:Portia africana
1593:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1560:
1550:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1501:
1497:
1491:Greenwood Press
1481:
1477:
1468:
1466:
1450:
1449:
1436:
1431:
1411:
1319:Portia schultzi
1263:Portia jianfeng
1127:Portia albimana
1105:Portia africana
1093:
1084:
1067:
1035:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1000:
984:
973:
936:
931:
925:External videos
909:
862:
845:
827:
823:
822:
817:
813:
812:
793:
792:
791:
789:Portia schultzi
786:
781:
780:
773:
763:
736:Portia africana
731:
729:Social behavior
694:trial-and-error
689:
661:
604:
539:
529:
525:
524:
519:
515:
514:
509:
505:
504:
499:
495:
494:
491:Portia africana
487:
479:Scipinnia repax
477:sp. indet. and
394:
337:group includes
252:
191:
185:
162:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3757:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3697:
3687:
3674:
3661:
3648:
3635:
3622:
3609:
3596:
3583:
3570:
3560:
3547:
3534:
3519:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3483:
3482:
3473:
3468:
3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3393:
3392:External links
3390:
3389:
3388:
3378:(3): 285β290.
3367:
3349:
3336:
3315:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3250:
3237:
3218:(2): 295β305.
3198:
3184:
3154:
3104:
3065:
3039:
2987:
2980:
2954:
2917:Vision (Basel)
2903:
2869:
2824:
2796:
2761:
2723:
2687:
2642:
2627:
2608:(3): 445β460.
2588:
2572:
2553:(3): 371β375.
2537:
2518:(2): 185β190.
2502:
2483:(3): 237β242.
2467:
2456:
2438:
2411:
2400:(3): 285β290.
2384:
2360:
2353:
2320:
2299:
2281:
2221:
2162:
2111:
2094:
2080:
2051:
2029:
2004:
1990:
1964:
1957:
1937:
1926:(3): 276β291.
1906:
1868:
1842:
1767:
1755:
1705:
1655:
1627:(4): 423β489.
1582:
1541:
1495:
1475:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1421:by the writer
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1383:
1372:
1358:
1348:Portia strandi
1344:
1333:
1315:
1304:
1289:
1274:Portia labiata
1270:
1259:
1242:
1228:
1201:
1190:
1179:
1156:
1145:
1134:
1123:
1117:Central Africa
1092:
1089:
1066:
1063:
1037:
1036:
987:
985:
978:
972:
969:
945:
944:
927:
926:
908:
905:
783:
782:
774:
767:
766:
765:
764:
762:
759:
730:
727:
603:
600:
553:spatial memory
538:
535:
486:
483:
393:
390:
316:species groups
251:
248:
243:jumping spider
228:
227:
219:
218:
212:
211:
205:
204:
198:
197:
193:
192:
186:
177:
176:
170:
169:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3756:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3339:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3313:9780262162234
3310:
3306:
3305:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3247:
3241:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3158:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3108:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3010:(2): 435β44.
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2837:
2828:
2820:
2814:
2799:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2776:
2774:
2765:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2692:
2683:
2677:
2663:on 2016-06-16
2659:
2652:
2646:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2586:
2585:9780124159198
2582:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2465:
2460:
2452:
2445:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2356:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2316:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2107:9780262162234
2104:
2098:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2056:
2040:on 2011-07-21
2036:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1701:
1695:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
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1591:
1589:
1587:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1548:
1546:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
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1488:
1484:
1479:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1387:Portia xishan
1384:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1302:
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1287:
1281:
1276:
1275:
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1264:
1260:
1258:
1252:
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1234:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1194:Portia fajing
1191:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1149:Portia bawang
1146:
1142:Wanless, 1978
1140:
1139:
1135:
1131:(Simon, 1900)
1129:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1060:
1059:fertilization
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1030:
1022:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
997:
993:
988:This section
986:
982:
977:
976:
968:
965:
960:
957:
952:
943:
939:
928:
923:
917:
913:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
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875:
870:
868:
861:
857:
853:
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839:
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808:
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790:
785:
778:
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755:
751:
747:
745:
740:
738:
737:
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718:
713:
709:
706:
702:
697:
695:
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684:
679:
675:
671:
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643:
639:
637:
632:
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624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
599:
597:
593:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
558:
554:
551:They exhibit
549:
547:
543:
534:
492:
482:
480:
476:
473:
472:assassin bugs
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
400:are found in
399:
389:
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375:
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369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
353:
348:
344:
340:
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189:
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161:
160:
156:
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143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:Araneomorphae
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
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83:
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79:
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69:
66:
63:
62:
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52:
48:
45:
44:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
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3498:
3477:
3464:P. fimbriata
3463:
3456:P. fimbriata
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3424:P. fimbriata
3423:
3415:
3407:
3399:
3375:
3371:
3363:
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3327:
3274:
3270:
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3175:
3169:
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3125:
3121:
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3078:
3068:
3059:
3055:
3042:
3007:
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2889:
2885:
2872:
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2848:
2844:
2835:
2827:
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2782:
2772:
2764:
2752:. Retrieved
2747:
2743:
2734:
2726:
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2703:
2665:. Retrieved
2658:the original
2645:
2636:
2630:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2575:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2515:
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2470:
2459:
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2420:
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2387:
2376:. Retrieved
2372:
2363:
2338:
2290:
2284:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2179:
2175:
2165:
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2114:
2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2071:
2042:. Retrieved
2035:the original
2020:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1981:
1967:
1947:
1940:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1898:. Retrieved
1893:
1889:
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1862:
1858:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1798:(82): 1β19.
1795:
1791:
1782:
1778:
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1758:
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1739:the original
1734:
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1675:the original
1670:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1624:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1607:P. fimbriata
1606:
1602:
1598:
1573:. Retrieved
1568:
1564:
1555:
1532:. Retrieved
1512:
1508:
1498:
1486:
1478:
1467:. Retrieved
1455:
1412:
1398:Portia zhaoi
1396:
1385:
1374:
1360:
1346:
1337:Portia songi
1335:
1323:Karsch, 1878
1317:
1306:
1291:
1272:
1261:
1246:Portia hoggi
1244:
1230:
1203:
1192:
1181:
1158:
1147:
1136:
1125:
1103:
1094:
1081:
1080:
1076:P. fimbriata
1075:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1055:P. fimbriata
1054:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1025:
1016:
1001:Please help
989:
971:Reproduction
963:
961:
955:
950:
948:
915:
900:
884:
880:
878:
873:
871:
867:P. fimbriata
866:
859:
855:
854:
842:
840:
837:
809:
803:
802:
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749:
748:
743:
742:If a mature
741:
734:
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722:
721:
716:
711:
710:
704:
700:
698:
686:
682:
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665:
658:
654:
652:
647:P. fimbriata
646:
635:
630:
626:
618:
616:
607:
605:
595:
594:
581:
579:
574:
566:
562:
561:
550:
545:
541:
540:
537:Intelligence
490:
488:
478:
474:
463:
451:
450:
395:
385:
376:
371:
367:
363:
357:
350:
347:P. fimbriata
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
319:
311:
306:
299:
293:
287:
279:
276:tree of life
266:
259:
253:
233:
232:
231:
201:
180:
174:Type species
158:
157:
124:Infraorder:
41:
24:
18:
3626:iNaturalist
3523:Wikispecies
3440:P. africana
3432:P. schultzi
2851:: 441β445.
2754:9 September
1951:. Penguin.
1835:11 November
1615:P. schultzi
1603:P. albimana
1571:(3): 83β124
1483:Piper, Ross
1415:terraformed
1312:Zabka, 1985
1308:Portia quei
1286:Philippines
879:However, a
874:P. africana
860:P. schultzi
856:P. africana
852:'s vision.
833:ultraviolet
674:instinctive
434:Philippines
364:P. africana
343:P. africana
339:P. schultzi
301:Holcolaetis
148:Spartaeinae
144:Subfamily:
98:Chelicerata
94:Subphylum:
3729:Salticidae
3723:Categories
3416:P. labiata
3408:P. labiata
3358:: 231-240
3353:Cimbebasia
3277:(1): 5β9.
2892:(2): 33β37
2667:2016-05-14
2378:2022-01-06
1900:2014-10-21
1890:Cimbebasia
1731:Cimbebasia
1611:P. labiata
1575:24 October
1469:2019-09-11
1464:10.24436/2
1429:References
1376:Portia wui
1357:β Ethiopia
1353:Caporiacco
1331:Madagascar
899:, which a
750:P. labiata
485:Appearance
462:, which a
414:Madagascar
372:P. labiata
368:P. labiata
352:P. labiata
329:; and the
216:21 species
188:Doleschall
138:Salticidae
88:Arthropoda
3476:Video of
3291:2042-6321
3283:2042-633X
3260:"Raising
3232:0952-8369
3004:Anim Cogn
2813:cite book
2710:: 51β62.
2421:Behaviour
2309:cite book
1896:: 231β240
1812:1536-2442
1643:0301-4223
1529:1175-5334
1515:: 49β64.
1301:Hong Kong
1299:β China (
1225:Sri Lanka
1172:Indonesia
1168:Singapore
1097:Australia
990:does not
754:draglines
571:abseiling
438:Sri Lanka
406:Australia
379:Oligocene
327:apophysis
314:into two
295:Phaeacius
289:Spartaeus
209:Diversity
202:See text
108:Arachnida
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
3563:BioLib:
3508:Wikidata
3366:spiders.
3191:12 April
3142:11044386
3099:11044386
3062:: 29β42.
3034:23982622
2949:35076633
2923:(1): 2.
2803:31 March
2676:cite web
2622:41397424
2497:84796264
2275:22723358
2216:16880386
2157:33154726
1830:20673067
1694:cite web
1485:(2007),
1121:Ethiopia
1115:β West,
1019:May 2016
907:Movement
897:mantises
787:Eyes of
649:in a web
612:detritus
468:mantises
418:Malaysia
335:schultzi
320:schultzi
196:Species
134:Family:
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
3693:4307849
3644:1379513
3618:2177327
3514:Q135025
3448:P. quei
3025:3946049
2940:8788500
2775:spider"
2750:: 29β42
2555:Bibcode
2520:Bibcode
2266:3386878
2243:Bibcode
2207:1567708
2184:Bibcode
2148:7591756
1821:3383424
1783:Nagusta
1534:14 June
1509:Zootaxa
1404:β China
1393:β China
1382:β China
1343:β China
1327:Mayotte
1288:, India
1282:, 1887)
1280:Thorell
1269:β China
1257:Vietnam
1200:β China
1189:β China
1113:, 1886)
1091:Species
1011:removed
996:sources
942:YouTube
826:⁄
816:⁄
645:Female
590:neurons
528:⁄
518:⁄
508:⁄
498:⁄
475:Nagusta
446:Vietnam
422:Myanmar
398:species
308:Wanless
154:Genus:
118:Araneae
114:Order:
104:Class:
3690:uBio:
3683:602882
3670:243368
3657:872856
3605:114428
3566:490990
3556:Portia
3543:Portia
3529:Portia
3499:Portia
3478:Portia
3364:Portia
3343:23 May
3334:
3311:
3289:
3281:
3230:
3182:
3170:Umwelt
3166:Portia
3140:
3097:
3032:
3022:
2978:
2947:
2937:
2896:12 May
2862:12 May
2794:
2788:98β100
2773:Portia
2620:
2583:
2495:
2351:
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2273:
2263:
2214:
2204:
2155:
2145:
2105:
2087:23 May
2078:
2044:12 May
2027:
1997:23 May
1988:
1955:
1828:
1818:
1810:
1684:22 May
1648:17 May
1641:
1556:Portia
1527:
1370:Taiwan
1355:, 1941
1253:, 1985
1176:Borneo
1082:Portia
1070:Portia
1065:Health
1046:Portia
1042:Portia
964:Portia
956:Portia
951:Portia
901:Portia
885:Portia
881:Portia
843:Portia
804:Portia
761:Vision
744:Portia
723:Portia
717:Portia
712:Portia
705:Portia
701:Portia
687:Portia
683:Portia
678:Portia
666:Portia
659:Portia
655:Portia
636:Portia
627:Portia
619:Portia
608:Portia
596:Portia
582:Portia
575:Portia
567:Portia
563:Portia
546:Portia
542:Portia
470:, the
464:Portia
452:Portia
444:, and
442:Taiwan
432:, the
402:Africa
386:Portia
349:, and
324:tibial
318:: the
312:Portia
298:, and
280:Portia
234:Portia
190:, 1859
167:, 1878
165:Karsch
159:Portia
25:Portia
3639:IRMNG
3631:51934
3279:eISSN
3267:(PDF)
3147:4 May
3052:(PDF)
2882:(PDF)
2841:(PDF)
2778:(PDF)
2740:(PDF)
2661:(PDF)
2654:(PDF)
2618:S2CID
2493:S2CID
2347:β34.
2109:| p.5
2038:(PDF)
2017:(PDF)
1886:(PDF)
1855:(PDF)
1788:(PDF)
1748:5 May
1742:(PDF)
1727:(PDF)
1678:(PDF)
1667:(PDF)
1561:(PDF)
1251:Zabka
1240:China
1221:India
1217:Nepal
1111:Simon
1085:'
893:frogs
889:birds
863:'
846:'
690:'
662:'
460:frogs
456:birds
430:India
426:Nepal
410:China
382:amber
331:kenti
284:clade
239:genus
237:is a
40:Male
3665:NCBI
3652:ITIS
3613:GBIF
3592:6V2D
3579:7610
3574:BOLD
3345:2011
3332:ISBN
3309:ISBN
3287:ISSN
3228:ISSN
3193:2011
3180:ISBN
3149:2011
3138:PMID
3095:PMID
3030:PMID
2976:ISBN
2945:PMID
2898:2011
2864:2011
2819:link
2805:2011
2792:ISBN
2756:2010
2682:link
2581:ISBN
2349:ISBN
2315:link
2295:ISBN
2271:PMID
2212:PMID
2153:PMID
2103:ISBN
2089:2011
2076:ISBN
2046:2011
2025:ISBN
1999:2011
1986:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1837:2011
1826:PMID
1808:ISSN
1781:and
1750:2011
1700:link
1686:2022
1650:2011
1639:ISSN
1613:and
1577:2011
1536:2011
1525:ISSN
1513:1893
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1213:type
994:any
992:cite
895:and
555:and
458:and
3701:WSC
3600:EoL
3587:CoL
3551:AFD
3538:ADW
3380:doi
3376:269
3360:PDF
3220:doi
3216:196
3130:doi
3126:203
3087:doi
3083:203
3020:PMC
3012:doi
2968:doi
2935:PMC
2925:doi
2853:doi
2712:doi
2610:doi
2606:262
2563:doi
2528:doi
2485:doi
2429:doi
2425:137
2402:doi
2398:269
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2251:doi
2239:109
2202:PMC
2192:doi
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2143:PMC
2133:doi
1928:doi
1816:PMC
1800:doi
1629:doi
1517:doi
1460:doi
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940:on
850:cat
586:pin
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1109:(
1032:)
1026:(
1021:)
1017:(
1013:.
999:.
828:4
824:3
818:2
814:1
526:3
520:5
516:1
510:5
506:2
500:5
496:1
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