806:, on the other hand, denotes a temporary, essential group-identity used in the praxis of discourse among peoples. Furthermore, essentialism can occasionally be applied—by the so-described people—to facilitate the subaltern's communication in being heeded, heard, and understood, because strategic essentialism (a fixed and established subaltern identity) is more readily grasped, and accepted, by the popular majority, in the course of inter-group discourse. The important distinction, between the terms, is that strategic essentialism does not ignore the diversity of identities (cultural and ethnic) in a social group, but that, in its practical function, strategic essentialism temporarily minimizes inter-group diversity to pragmatically support the essential group-identity.
408:
created during colonial control have continued to support inequalities in power and injustice, which contributed to identity conflicts based on gender, class, and ethnicity. These problems are not just historical artifacts; rather, they are fundamental components of society and are expressed in current discussions about government, language, education, and cultural representation. In order to address these persistent identity problems, it is necessary to thoroughly reconsider historical narratives, acknowledge a variety of viewpoints, and work to create inclusive and equitable societies that enable people to affirm and reclaim their distinct cultural identities in the post-colonial era.
602:
existentialism, phenomenology, and hermeneutics claim that language, subjectivity, and reality are interrelated. However, the colonial situation presents a paradox: when colonial beings are forced to adopt and speak an imposed language which is not their own, they adopt and participate in the world and civilization of the colonized. This language results from centuries of colonial domination which is aimed at eliminating other expressive forms in order to reflect the world of the colonizer. As a consequence, when colonial beings speak as the colonized, they participate in their own oppression and the very structures of alienation are reflected in all aspects of their adopted language.
449:
384:." Oftentimes the term "the third World" is over-inclusive: it refers vaguely to large geographic areas comprising several continents and seas, i.e. Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania. Rather than providing a clear or complete description of the area it supposedly refers to, it instead erases distinctions and identities of the groups it claims to represent. A postcolonial critique of this term would analyze the self-justifying usage of such a term, the discourse it occurs within, as well as the philosophical and political functions the language may have. Postcolonial critiques of homogeneous concepts such as the "
296:, a horde like those of the Franks, the Lombards, or the Normans, and every man will be in his right role. Nature has made a race of workers, the Chinese race, who have wonderful manual dexterity, and almost no sense of honour; govern them with justice, levying from them, in return for the blessing of such a government, an ample allowance for the conquering race, and they will be satisfied; a race of tillers of the soil, the Negro; treat him with kindness and humanity, and all will be as it should; a race of masters and soldiers, the European race.... Let each do what he is made for, and all will be well.
776:
835:
I must write to Our Lord the King to petition that he favour me with a licence, so that I, and my said daughter, can go and reside in the said city of
Cartagena. For this, I will give an account of what is put down in this report; and of how I, Francisca de Figueroa, am a woman of sound body, and mulatta in colour.… And my daughter María is twenty-years-old, and of the said colour, and of medium size. Once given, I attest to this. I beg your Lordship to approve and order it done. I ask for justice in this.
333:
1402:
1491:
1593:) over neighboring territories (Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Ukraine), consisting in military invasion, exploitation of human and natural resources, devastation of culture, and efforts to re-educate local people in the empires' language, in many ways resembled the violent conquest of overseas territories by Western European powers, despite such factors as geographical proximity and the missing racial difference.
5403:
771:.... Many people want to claim subalternity. They are the least interesting and the most dangerous. I mean, just by being a discriminated-against minority on the university campus; they don't need the word 'subaltern'... They should see what the mechanics of the discrimination are. They're within the hegemonic discourse, wanting a piece of the pie, and not being allowed, so let them speak, use the hegemonic discourse. They should not call themselves subaltern.
9036:
10733:
9749:
252:
1350:
remains a characteristic of such societies, consequence of the imperially convenient, but arbitrary, colonial boundaries (geographic and cultural) demarcated by the
Europeans, with which they ignored the tribal and clan relations that determined the geographic borders of the Middle East countries, before the arrival of European imperialists. Hence, the postcolonial literature about the Middle East examines and analyzes the Western discourses about
242:
colonialism and globalization represents a complex battle for liberty and independence, ranging from community organizations calling for economic sovereignty and self-determination to indigenous people defending their land and culture against corporate exploitation. These initiatives, which cross continents rather than stay inside a specific area, demonstrate the interdependence of movements and the shared pursuit of justice and emancipation.
715:(p. 6), Said mentions the production of "philology , lexicography , history, biology, political and economic theory, novel-writing and lyric poetry." There is an entire industry that exploits the Orient for its own subjective purposes, one that lacks a native and intimate understanding. Such industries become institutionalized and eventually become a resource for manifest Orientalism, or for compiling misinformation about the Orient.
650:
conflated and reduced the non-Western world into the homogeneous cultural entity known as "the East." Therefore, in service to the colonial type of imperialism, the us-and-them orientalist paradigm allowed
European scholars to represent the Oriental World as inferior and backward, irrational and wild, as opposed to a Western Europe that was superior and progressive, rational and civil—the opposite of the Oriental Other.
1066:, and Iraq and links it back to the us-and-them binary relation between the Western and Eastern world. Building upon the ideas of the other and Said's work on orientalism, Gregory critiques the economic policy, military apparatus, and transnational corporations as vehicles driving present-day colonialism. Emphasizing discussion of ideas around colonialism in the present tense, Gregory utilizes modern events such as the
10743:
1358:
2572:
400:", often aim to show how such language actually does not represent the groups supposedly identified. Such terminology often fails to adequately describe the heterogeneous peoples, cultures, and geography that make them up. Accurate descriptions of the world's peoples, places, and things require nuanced and accurate terms. By including everyone under the
8505:
501:
logic remain active practices in contemporary society and are the basis of the Mother
Country's neocolonial attitude towards her former colonial subjects—an economical source of labour and raw materials. It acts as a non interchangeable term that links the independent country to its colonizer, depriving countries of their
324:, the self-ascribed 'civilizing mission' of the French Empire, proposed that some races and cultures have a higher purpose in life, whereby the more powerful, more developed, and more civilized races have the right to colonize other peoples, in service to the noble idea of "civilization" and its economic benefits.
1417:
colonialism of the
European imperial powers, yet, for the Africans, the consequences were greater than elsewhere in the colonized non–Western world. To facilitate the colonization the European empires laid railroads where the rivers and the land proved impassable. The Imperial British railroad effort
1204:
hat matters most when we want to set up and develop a colony is to make sure that those who arrive in it are as less estranged as possible, that these newcomers meet a perfect image of their homeland....the thousand colonies that the Greeks founded on the
Mediterranean coasts were all exact copies of
1156:
It was in the mid-18th century that ancient Greece became a source of admiration among the French and
British. This enthusiasm gained prominence in the late-eighteenth century. It was spurred by German Hellenist scholars and English romantic poets, who regarded ancient Greece as the matrix of Western
965:
Santiniketan artists did not believe that to be indigenous one has to be historicist either in theme or in style, and similarly to be modern one has to adopt a particular trans-national formal language or technique. Modernism was to them neither a style nor a form of internationalism. It was critical
707:
With this described binary logic, the West generally constructs the Orient subconsciously as its alter ego. Therefore, descriptions of the Orient by the
Occident lack material attributes, grounded within the land. This imaginative interpretation ascribes female characteristics to the Orient and plays
1896:
has determined it is essential to the creation and establishment of a stable nation and country in the aftermath of decolonization; yet indicates that either an indeterminate or an ambiguous national identity has tended to limit the social, cultural, and economic progress of a decolonized people. In
1349:
In the essay "Overstating the Arab State" (2001) by Nazih Ayubi, the author deals with the psychologically-fragmented postcolonial identity, as determined by the effects (political and social, cultural and economic) of
Western colonialism in the Middle East. As such, the fragmented national identity
1018:
does not accommodate the refusal of many in colonized situations to internalize inferiority. Santiniketan's artist teachers' refusal of subordination incorporated a counter vision of modernity, which sought to correct the racial and cultural essentialism that drove and characterized imperial
Western
834:
I, Francisca de Figueroa, mulatta in colour, declare that I have, in the city of Cartagena, a daughter named Juana de Figueroa; and she has written, to call for me, in order to help me. I will take with me, in my company, a daughter of mine, her sister, named María, of the said colour; and for this,
695:
Nonetheless, critics of the homogeneous "Occident–Orient" binary social relation, say that Orientalism is of limited descriptive capability and practical application, and propose instead that there are variants of Orientalism that apply to Africa and to Latin America. Said responds that the European
500:
continuation of the economic, cultural, and linguistic power relationships that controlled the colonial politics of knowledge (i.e., the generation, production, and distribution of knowledge) about the colonized peoples of the non-Western world. The cultural and religious assumptions of colonialist
1804:
Structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) calls for trade liberalization, privatization of banks, health care, and educational institutions. These implementations minimized government's role, paved pathways for companies to enter Africa for its resources. Limited to production and exportation of cash
1747:
was bound up with loss of self in socio-cultural and political life. The purportedly wild and uncivilised Irish language itself was held responsible for the ‘backwardness’ of the people. Holding tight to your own language was thought to bring death, exile and poverty. These ideas and sentiments are
1382:
says that the problems of national identity in the Middle East are a consequence of the orientalist indifference of the European empires when they demarcated the political borders of their colonies, which ignored the local history and the geographic and tribal boundaries observed by the natives, in
862:
of the European colonists and their Western ways; and rejects the depiction of subaltern peoples as the passive recipient-vessels of the imperial and colonial power of the Mother Country. Consequent to Foucault's philosophic model of the binary relationship of power and knowledge, scholars from the
857:
is problematic, because of the unrealistic opposition to the idea of studying "Others"; Spivak rejected such an anti-intellectual stance by social scientists, and about them said that "to refuse to represent a cultural Other is salving your conscience…allowing you not to do any homework." Moreover,
241:
A clear reflection of the continuous fights for independence around the world is provided by the ongoing struggles against colonialism and globalization. The harsh effects of colonial rule and the homogenizing effects of globalization have development to movements in recent years. The opposition to
1904:
Nevertheless, Kumaraswamy and Sadiki say that such a common sociological problem—that of an indeterminate national identity—among the countries of the Middle East is an important aspect that must be accounted in order to have an understanding of the politics of the contemporary Middle East. In the
1811:
uses the definition of colonialism as "enduring relationship of domination and mode of dispossession, usually (or at least initially) between an indigenous (or enslaved) majority and a minority of interlopers (colonizers), who are convinced of their own superiority, pursue their own interests, and
1369:
Most countries of the Middle East, suffered from the fundamental problems over their national identities. More than three-quarters of a century after the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, from which most of them emerged, these states have been unable to define, project, and maintain a national
681:
To the extent that Western scholars were aware of contemporary Orientals or Oriental movements of thought and culture, these were perceived either as silent shadows to be animated by the orientalist, brought into reality by them or as a kind of cultural and international proletariat useful for the
672:
are the inseparable components of the intellectual binary relationship with which Occidentals claim "knowledge of the Orient." That the applied power of such cultural knowledge allowed Europeans to rename, re-define, and thereby control Oriental peoples, places, and things, into imperial colonies.
601:
which rules every aspect of colonized peoples and their reality. Fanon reflects on colonialism, language, and racism and asserts that to speak a language is to adopt a civilization and to participate in the world of that language. His ideas show the influence of French and German philosophy, since
424:
occasionally is applied, temporally, to denote the immediate time after the period during which imperial powers retreated from their colonial territories. Such is believed to be a problematic application of the term, as the immediate, historical, political time is not included in the categories of
1387:
n places like Iraq and Jordan, leaders of the new sovereign states were brought in from the outside, tailored to suit colonial interests and commitments. Likewise, most states in the Persian Gulf were handed over to those who could protect and safeguard imperial interests in the post-withdrawal
649:
Notably, "the West" created the cultural concept of "the East," which according to Said allowed the Europeans to suppress the peoples of the Middle East, the Indian Subcontinent, and of Asia in general, from expressing and representing themselves as discrete peoples and cultures. Orientalism thus
1224:
The incorporation of ancient concepts and racial and cultural assumptions into modern imperial ideology bolstered colonial claims to supremacy and right to colonize non-Europeans. Because of these numerous ramifications between ancient representations and modern colonial rhetoric, 19th century's
1188:
In the 19th century, when Europe began to expand across the globe and establish colonies, ancient Greece and Rome were used as a source of empowerment and justification to Western civilizing mission. At this period, many French and British imperial ideologues identified strongly with the ancient
1098:
Acheraiou discusses the history of colonialist discourse and traces its spirit to ancient Greece, including Europe's claim to racial supremacy and right to rule over non-Europeans harboured by Renan and other 19th-century colonial ideologues. He argues that modern colonial representations of the
407:
One of the ongoing struggles is balancing the cultural heritage of the indigenous people with the norms and values imposed by colonizers. This can cause identity fracture and a sense of displacement in people as well as communities. In addition, the hierarchical social structures that were
1857:
scholars, Chibber focuses on and refutes the principal historical claims made by the Subaltern Studies scholars; claims that are representative of the whole of postcolonial theory. Postcolonial theory, he argues, essentializes cultures, painting them as fixed and static categories. Moreover, it
1082:
venture moved by appropriation and plundering of foreign lands and was supported by military force and a discourse that legitimized violence in the name of progress and a universal civilizing mission. This discourse is complex and multi-faceted. It was elaborated in the 19th century by colonial
982:
The brief survey of the individual works of the core Santiniketan artists and the thought perspectives they open up makes clear that though there were various contact points in the work they were not bound by a continuity of style but by a community of ideas. Which they not only shared but also
479:
is, rather, an engagement with, and contestation of, colonialism's discourses, power structures, and social hierarchies... A theory of post-colonialism must, then, respond to more than the merely chronological construction of post-independence, and to more than just the discursive experience of
344:
Postcolonial theory holds that decolonized people develop a postcolonial identity that is based on cultural interactions between different identities (cultural, national, and ethnic as well as gender and class based) which are assigned varying degrees of social power by the colonial society. In
1252:
Postcolonial literary criticism comprehends the literatures written by the colonizer and the colonized, wherein the subject matter includes portraits of the colonized peoples and their lives as imperial subjects. In Dutch literature, the Indies Literature includes the colonial and postcolonial
813:
to describe the destruction of non-Western ways of perceiving the world and the resultant dominance of the Western ways of perceiving the world. Conceptually, epistemic violence specifically relates to women, whereby the "Subaltern must always be caught in translation, never truly expressing
1278:
To perpetuate and facilitate control of the colonial enterprise, some colonized people, especially from among the subaltern peoples of the British Empire, were sent to attend university in the Imperial Motherland; they were to become the native-born, but Europeanised, ruling class of colonial
736:
These subjective fields of academia now synthesize the political resources and think-tanks that are so common in the West today. Orientalism is self-perpetuating to the extent that it becomes normalized within common discourse, making people say things that are latent, impulsive, or not fully
124:
Understanding the complex chain of political and social, economic, and cultural impacts left in the aftermath of colonial control is essential to understanding post-colonialism. A wide range of experiences are included in post-colonial discourse, from ongoing battles against colonialism and
1774:
between mostly Cathlolic and Gaelic Irish nationalists (who wish to join the Irish Republic) and mostly Protestant Scots-Irish and Anglo-Irish unionists (who are a majority of the population and wish to remain part of the United Kingdom) has been described as a post-colonial conflict. In
1714:
in 1949) to establish economic independence and its own identity in the world, and the similar struggles of other post-colonial nations; though, uniquely, Ireland had been independent, then become part of the U.K., then mostly independent again Ireland's membership of and support for the
1137:
he established a racial classification and ranked the Greeks superior to the rest. He considered them as an ideal race to rule over Asian and other 'barbarian' peoples, for they knew how to blend the spirit of the European "war-like races" with Asiatic "intelligence" and "competence."
1205:
the Greek cities on which they had been modelled. The Romans established in almost all parts of the globe known to them municipalities which were no more than miniature Romes. Among modern colonizers, the English did the same. Who can prevent us from emulating these European peoples?.
801:
denotes the perceptual dangers inherent to reviving subaltern voices in ways that might (over) simplify the cultural identity of heterogeneous social groups and, thereby, create stereotyped representations of the different identities of the people who compose a given social group.
471:—according to a too-rigid etymology—is frequently misunderstood as a temporal concept, meaning the time after colonialism has ceased, or the time following the politically determined Independence Day on which a country breaks away from its governance by another state. Not a naïve
318:, the representation of a homogeneous European identity justified colonization. Hence, Belgium and Britain, and France and Germany proffered theories of national superiority that justified colonialism as delivering the light of civilization to unenlightened peoples. Notably,
445:, and of liminalities." As in most critical theory-based research, the lack of clarity in the definition of the subject matter coupled with an open claim to normativity makes criticism of postcolonial discourse problematic, reasserting its dogmatic or ideological status.
7799:
313:
group-identity language was the cultural common-currency justifying geopolitical competition amongst the European and American empires and meant to protect their over-extended economies. Especially in the colonization of the Far East and in the late-nineteenth century
661:(1993) says that "Said's passionate thesis in that book, now an 'almost canonical study', represented Orientalism as a 'style of thought' based on the antinomy of East and West in their world-views, and also as a 'corporate institution' for dealing with the Orient."
1241:, postcolonialism deals with the literatures produced by the peoples who once were colonized by the European imperial powers (e.g. Britain, France, and Spain) and the literatures of the decolonized countries engaged in contemporary, postcolonial arrangements (e.g.
9885:
279:
was thought to affect the intellectual and moral reformation of the coloured peoples of the lesser cultures of the world. That such a divinely established, natural harmony among the human races of the world would be possible, because everyone has an assigned
821:
his permission for her to emigrate from Europe to New Granada, and reunite with her daughter, Juana de Figueroa. As a subaltern woman, Francisca repressed her native African language, and spoke her request in Peninsular Spanish, the official language of
1756:. The recorded narratives of people who starved, emigrated and died during this period reflect an understanding of the Irish language as complicit in the devastation of the economy and society. It was perceived as a weakness of a people expelled from
9240:
107:
Postcolonialism is aimed at disempowering such theories (intellectual and linguistic, social and economic) by means of which colonialists "perceive," "understand," and "know" the world. Postcolonial theory thus establishes intellectual spaces for
7845:
7833:
543:—is harmful to the mental health of the native peoples who were subjugated into colonies. Fanon writes that the ideological essence of colonialism is the systematic denial of "all attributes of humanity" of the colonized people. Such
1739:
in Ireland can be read as a "rehearsal" for their later exploits in the Americas, and argues that the English Elizabethans represent the Irish as being more alien than the contemporary European representations of Native Americans."
1392:
Moreover, "with notable exceptions like Egypt, Iran, Iraq, and Syria, most ... had to invent, their historical roots" after decolonization, and, "like its colonial predecessor, postcolonial identity owes its existence to force."
1043:, Western scholarship about non-Western peoples and cultures, by proposing that Western Europe simply be considered as culturally equal to the other cultures of the world; that is, as "one region among many" in human geography.
102:
how that Western cultural knowledge was applied to subjugate a non-European people into a colony of the European mother country, which, after initial invasion, was effected by means of the cultural identities of 'colonizer' and
8230:
1618:
from the conquering one, the systematic denigration of the culture of the earlier inhabitants, the dismantling of their social institutions and the imposition of new institutions designed to consolidate the recently arrived
1279:
satraps. Yet, after decolonization, their bicultural educations originated postcolonial criticism of empire and colonialism, and of the representations of the colonist and the colonized. In the late 20th century, after the
1577:(1772–1918) and occupation of Eastern European countries by the Soviet Union after the Second World War were forms of "white" colonialism, for long overlooked by postcolonial theorists. The domination of European empires (
1474:(1952–60) as political background, he addresses the postcolonial matters of African religious cultures, and the consequences of the imposition of Christianity, a religion culturally foreign to Kenya and to most of Africa.
2872:
In an effort to understand postcolonialism through scholarship and technology, in addition to important literature, many stakeholders have published projects about the subject. Here is an incomplete list of projects.
1901:(2001) by Nazih Ayubi, Moroccan scholar Bin 'Abd al-'Ali proposed that the existence of "a pathological obsession with...identity" is a cultural theme common to the contemporary academic field Middle Eastern Studies.
852:
of the basic ideas and investigative methods that establish a culturally superior West studying the culturally inferior non–Western peoples. Hence, the integration of the subaltern voice to the intellectual spaces of
1145:(1694–1778) was one of the most fervent admirers of Rome. He regarded highly the Roman republican values of rationality, democracy, order and justice. In early-18th century Britain, it was poets and politicians like
8472:
642:(an art-history term for Western depictions and the study of the Orient). Said's concept (which he also termed "orientalism") is that the cultural representations generated with the us-and-them binary relation are
1623:
community’s power over the ‘natives’ while keeping that settler community in its turn dependent on the ‘motherland’, then Ireland may be considered one of the earliest and most thoroughly colonized regions of the
1189:
empires and invoked ancient Greece and Rome to justify the colonial civilizing project. They urged European colonizers to emulate these "ideal" classical conquerors, whom they regarded as "universal instructors."
125:
globalization to struggles for independence. The long-lasting effects of colonialism will be faced by them, such as identity issues, structural injustices, and the elimination of indigenous knowledge and customs.
2880:, based in Naarm/Melbourne, is an independent public education project dedicated to research and addressing contemporary matters informed by postcolonial and critical inquiry. IPCS edits the well-known journal
9235:
1477:
In postcolonial countries of Africa, Africans and non–Africans live in a world of genders, ethnicities, classes and languages, of ages, families, professions, religions and nations. There is a suggestion that
266:
was presented as "the extension of civilization," which ideologically justified the self-ascribed racial and cultural superiority of the Western world over the non-Western world. This concept was espoused by
1019:
modernity and modernism. Those European modernities, projected through a triumphant British colonial power, provoked nationalist responses, equally problematic when they incorporated similar essentialisms."
7821:
554:
For Fanon, the natives must violently resist colonial subjugation. Hence, Fanon describes violent resistance to colonialism as a mentally cathartic practise, which purges colonial servility from the native
9954:
56:
of colonized people and their lands. The field started to emerge in the 1960s, as scholars from previously colonized countries began publishing on the lingering effects of colonialism, developing a
1014:
have been used to describe the kind of alternative modernity that emerged in non-European contexts. Professor Gall argues that 'Contextual Modernism' is a more suited term because "the colonial in
1328:
collapses, either into communal movements, espousing grand political goals for the postcolonial nation; or into ethnically mixed communal movements, espousing political separatism, as occurred in
9391:
9031:
8500:
9431:
7618:
8607:
848:
Moreover, Spivak further cautioned against ignoring subaltern peoples as "cultural Others", and said that the West could progress—beyond the colonial perspective—by means of introspective
10449:
9824:
3033:
292:
is our vocation. Pour forth this all-consuming activity onto countries, which, like China, are crying aloud for foreign conquest. Turn the adventurers who disturb European society into a
9836:
1229:" structure. It forms a "historical, ideological and narcissistic continuum," in which modern theories of domination feed upon and blend with "ancient myths of supremacy and grandeur."
7816:
763:
is not just a classy word for "oppressed", for The Other, for somebody who's not getting a piece of the pie... In postcolonial terms, everything that has limited or no access to the
87:), and as a political science (i.e., in its concern with affairs of the citizenry), the field of postcolonialism addresses the matters that constitute the postcolonial identity of a
9880:
9549:
8602:
8235:
7794:
1614:
If by colonization we mean the conquest of one society by another more powerful society on its way to acquiring a vast empire, the settlement of the conquered territory by way of
1418:
proved overambitious in the effort of traversing continental Africa, yet succeeded only in connecting colonial North Africa (Cairo) with the colonial south of Africa (Cape Town).
8517:
10034:
10010:
9978:
9868:
10022:
9917:
1905:
event, Ayubi asks if what 'Bin Abd al–'Ali sociologically described as an obsession with national identity might be explained by "the absence of a championing social class?"
1542:
has been developing her innovative theories about postcolonialism in various means of expression, literature, films, and teaching. She is best known for her documentary film
1405:
Colonialism in 1913: the African colonies of the European empires; and the postcolonial, 21st-century political boundaries of the decolonized countries. (Click image for key)
8621:
8218:
1805:
crops, many African nations acquired more debt, and were left stranded in a position where acquiring more loan and continuing to pay high interests became an endless cycle.
1604:(2000), followed by works of Aleksander Fiut, Hanna Gosk, Violeta Kelertas, Dorota Kołodziejczyk, Janusz Korek, Dariusz Skórczewski, Bogdan Ştefănescu, and Tomasz Zarycki.
10081:
7586:
9350:
7927:
814:
herself," because the colonial power's destruction of her culture pushed to the social margins her non–Western ways of perceiving, understanding, and knowing the world.
1760:: their native language prevented them from casting off ‘tradition’ and ‘backwardness’ and entering the ‘civilised’ world, where English was the language of modernity,
597:. In this book, Fanon discusses the logic of colonial rule from the perspective of the existential experience of racialized subjectivity. Fanon treats colonialism as a
10263:
7782:
708:
into fantasies that are inherent within the West's alter ego. It should be understood that this process draws creativity, amounting to an entire domain and discourse.
112:
to speak for themselves, in their own voices, and thus produce cultural discourses of philosophy, language, society, and economy, balancing the imbalanced us-and-them
10309:
10076:
9494:
7116:
429:
identity-discourse, which deals with over-inclusive terms of cultural representation, which are abrogated and replaced by postcolonial criticism. As such, the terms
3194:
On the power dynamics between Western cultural knowledge production and Indigenous knowledge systems, see Laurie, Timothy, Hannah Stark, and Briohny Walker. 2019. "
1973:
Some works written prior to the formal establishment of postcolonial studies as a discipline have been considered retroactively as works of postcolonialist theory.
8242:
8132:
7840:
7632:
4475:
1221:
that the role of the British Empire was 'similar to that of Rome, in which we hold the position of not merely of ruling but of an educating and civilizing race."
1196:(1805–1859), an ardent and influential advocate of la "Grande France," the classical empires were model conquerors to imitate. He advised the French colonists in
10291:
9014:
3706:
10086:
8199:
8050:
8033:
1866:
as unbridgeable, hence denying people's "universal aspirations" and "universal interests." He also criticized the postcolonial tendency to characterize all of
4567:
4407:
10583:
9149:
4010:[Indian mirror. Some Dutch writers and poets have written about Indonesia from the first year of the Company to date.] (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Querido
2849:
9376:
5154:
128:
Postcolonialism encompasses a wide variety of approaches, and theoreticians may not always agree on a common set of definitions. On a simple level, through
8294:
7507:
1924:
never affiliated himself with the postcolonial discipline and is, therefore, not "the father" of it as most would have us believe, Madiou, borrowing from
10061:
9588:
9199:
9075:
7277:
8640:
8585:
989:
930:
8657:
5029:
941:. In his catalogue essay, Kumar introduced the term Contextual Modernism, which later emerged as a postcolonial critical tool in the understanding of
361:; how such cultural resistance complicated the establishment of a colonial society; how the colonizers developed their postcolonial identity; and how
10577:
8865:
8645:
1561:
1494:
Map of French Indochina from the colonial period showing its five subdivisions: Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Cambodia and Laos. (Click image for key)
10589:
10066:
9959:
9922:
9723:
8512:
1309:
The first category of literature presents and analyzes the internal challenges inherent to determining an ethnic identity in a decolonized nation.
4146:"Extravagant Postcolonialism: Ethics and Individualism in Anglophonic, Anglocentric Postcolonial Fiction; Or, 'What was (this) Postcolonialism?'"
719:
The ideology of Empire was hardly ever a brute jingoism; rather, it made subtle use of reason and recruited science and history to serve its ends.
9902:
9637:
6858:
4008:"Oost-Indische spiegel. Wat Nederlandse schrijvers en dichters over Indonesië hebben geschreven vanaf de eerste jaren der Compagnie tot op heden"
3519:
1812:
exercise power through a mixture of coercion, persuasion, conflict and collaboration." This definition suggests that the SAPs implemented by the
10221:
10116:
9700:
9612:
7920:
1835:
1242:
1130:
is the one who articulated more thoroughly these ancient racial assumptions, which served as a source of inspiration for modern colonists. In
588:, desperate for growth at all costs, and so requires more and more human exploitation to ensure continually consistent profit-for-investment.
10439:
10211:
10071:
9858:
9355:
8110:
6232:
1942:, respectively), argues that postcolonialism is today not fit to study colonialism and is, therefore, dead "but continue to be used which is
9276:
7881:
3408:
2470:
577:
576:, Fanon's mental health analyses of colonialism and imperialism, and the supporting economic theories, were partly derived from the essay "
10198:
9804:
9473:
9175:
8626:
8100:
1662:
1646:
1253:
genres, which examine and analyze the formation of a postcolonial identity, and the postcolonial culture produced by the diaspora of the
288:
The regeneration of the inferior or degenerate races, by the superior races is part of the providential order of things for humanity....
4972:
1287:
became the literary subjects of postcolonial criticism, wherein the writers dealt with the legacies (cultural, social, economic) of the
10383:
10051:
10005:
9644:
8941:
8193:
7644:
3142:
10000:
9995:
9690:
8360:
31:
9892:
7623:
4884:
10713:
9300:
8999:
7502:
6372:
1685:
Ireland is part of the Republic of Ireland), remains a province of the United Kingdom. Many scholars have drawn parallels between:
1123:(86–34 BC), who all considered their racial others—the Persians, Scythians, Egyptians as "backward," "inferior," and "effeminate."
646:, which are mutually constitutive and cannot exist independent of each other, because each exists on account of and for the other.
9554:
1374:
Independence and the end of colonialism did not end social fragmentation and war (civil and international) in the Middle East. In
10454:
9929:
9436:
9271:
9085:
9009:
8597:
7698:
5297:
4527:
4050:
2764:
9451:
8467:
1743:
Rachel Seoighe wrote in 2017, "Ashis Nandy describes how colonisation impacts on the native’s interior life: the meaning of the
1054:
argues the long trajectory through history of British and American colonization is an ongoing process still happening today. In
217:(i.e., postcolonial studies) generally represents an ideological response to colonialist thought, rather than simply describing
10353:
10039:
10027:
10015:
9983:
9897:
9873:
9841:
9829:
9530:
9512:
9463:
9117:
8405:
7708:
6691:
1707:
by the U.K. government, analogous to the partitioning and boundary-drawing of the other future nation states by colonial powers
1354:, the existence and inconsistent nature of a postcolonial national-identity among the peoples of the contemporary Middle East.
1312:
The second category of literature presents and analyzes the degeneration of civic and nationalist unities consequent to ethnic
620:
as "the originator and inspiring patron-saint of postcolonial theory and discourse" due to his interpretation of the theory of
380:
often includes the relegating of decolonized peoples, their cultures, and their countries, to an imaginary place, such as "the
915:
establishes the philosophic value of hybrid intellectual spaces, wherein ambiguity abrogates truth and authenticity; thereby,
704:, in order to facilitate the formation of the cohesive, collective European cultural identity denoted by the term "The West."
10549:
10388:
9799:
8858:
7787:
5124:
5098:
5018:
4890:
4583:
4423:
4243:
4064:
3891:
3690:
3506:
3443:
3418:
3393:
3179:
2818:
1781:, Daniel Finn criticised journalism which portrayed the conflict as one of "ancient hatred", ignoring the imperial context.
1320:
of "protecting the nation," a variant of the us-and-them binary social relation. Civic and national unity degenerate when a
630:. To describe the us-and-them "binary social relation" with which Western Europe intellectually divided the world—into the "
10534:
10378:
10146:
9685:
9654:
9124:
9055:
8771:
8707:
8685:
8366:
7609:
6889:
4348:Ştefănescu, Bogdan (2012). "Reluctant Siblings: Notes on the Analogy between Post- communist and Postcolonial Subalterns".
3196:
Critical Approaches to Continental Philosophy: Intellectual Community, Disciplinary Identity, and the Politics of Inclusion
2907:
823:
767:
is subaltern—a space of difference. Now, who would say that's just the oppressed? The working class is oppressed. It's not
7637:
9664:
9442:
9320:
9310:
9100:
8946:
8781:
7983:
7713:
7663:
6405:
5292:
3524:
565:
259:(1871), the orientalist Ernest Renan, advocated imperial stewardship for civilizing the non–Western peoples of the world.
132:
study, it may seek to build a better understanding of colonial life—based on the assumption that the colonial rulers are
17:
9990:
8223:
10544:
9619:
9381:
8744:
8526:
8065:
5657:
5143:
4688:"The Impact of British Colonialism on Irish Catholicism and National Identity: Repression, Reemergence, and Divergence"
779:
Engaging the voice of the Subaltern: the philosopher and theoretician Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, at Goldsmith College.
225:
may suggest. As such, postcolonialism may be thought of as a reaction to or departure from colonialism in the same way
9019:
3816:
10226:
9129:
9095:
9080:
8075:
7915:
7910:
7898:
7361:
6225:
5362:
5257:
5054:
4376:
4332:
4307:
4218:
3935:
3798:
3714:
3668:
3222:
2727:
2689:
2375:
2333:
2296:
2272:
1217:(1834–1895), a history professor at Cambridge and proponent of imperialism stated in a rhetoric which echoed that of
673:
The power-knowledge binary relation is conceptually essential to identify and understand colonialism in general, and
310:
9183:
8166:
10126:
9752:
9468:
9144:
9107:
8980:
8851:
7681:
7676:
7335:
3043:
1689:
the economic, cultural and social subjugation of Ireland, and the experiences of the colonized regions of the world
9305:
9251:
9112:
7671:
7512:
5652:
10746:
10168:
9211:
9193:
9026:
8717:
7686:
7539:
7069:
6687:
5642:
5179:
5161:
4930:
2387:
2324:
2023:
1280:
8028:
10348:
10340:
10303:
10285:
10106:
9939:
9794:
9649:
9597:
9570:
9332:
8929:
8727:
8538:
8393:
8105:
8060:
8045:
7569:
4153:
966:
re-engagement with the foundational aspects of art necessitated by changes in one's unique historical position.
938:
7121:
10444:
10412:
10335:
10141:
9168:
9060:
8934:
8055:
7978:
7932:
6627:
5727:
5697:
5282:
497:
9848:
9504:
4737:
10787:
10635:
10497:
10314:
9944:
9912:
9401:
8553:
7613:
6444:
6365:
6218:
5477:
5198:
3817:
Overcoming Polarized Modernities: Counter-Modern Art Education: Santiniketan, The Legacy of a Poet's School
1670:
1324:
régime unilaterally defines what is and what is not "the national culture" of the decolonized country: the
1096:
Rethinking Postcolonialism: Colonialist Discourse in Modern Literature and the Legacy of Classical Writers,
137:
9261:
8313:
5557:
4715:
3638:
2588:
404:
concept, it ignores the why those regions or countries are considered Third World and who is responsible.
10797:
10706:
10539:
10405:
10297:
10275:
9478:
9446:
9396:
9204:
9154:
9045:
8786:
8548:
8424:
8418:
8399:
7604:
7433:
7316:
6863:
5377:
5322:
4859:
4781:
1797:
1767:
1506:
1441:, all of which were annexed by imperial powers under the belief that they required European stewardship.
1036:
921:
is the philosophic condition that most substantively challenges the ideological validity of colonialism.
747:
365:
actively employs the 'us-and-them' binary social relation to view the non-Western world as inhabited by '
354:
109:
8922:
8575:
4392:
10792:
10626:
10503:
10480:
10365:
10268:
10206:
10178:
9814:
9627:
9360:
9134:
8791:
8722:
8377:
8247:
8176:
7321:
7155:
7145:
5692:
5337:
5302:
4777:
4007:
2711:
2608:
2062:
1929:
1645:
experienced centuries of English/British colonialism between the 12th and 18th centuries - notably the
1284:
1267:
1166:
1158:
752:
9583:
8531:
8462:
8352:
1099:
colonized as "inferior," "stagnant," and "degenerate" were borrowed from Greek and Latin authors like
559:, and restores self-respect to the subjugated. Thus, Fanon actively supported and participated in the
10651:
10561:
9907:
8259:
7740:
7282:
7111:
6763:
6164:
5367:
4935:
4773:
3591:
3533:
2640:
2613:
2074:
2057:
2014:
1445:
520:
448:
8650:
4035:
3551:
883:
argues that viewing the human world as composed of separate and unequal cultures, rather than as an
10777:
10772:
10646:
9426:
9406:
8963:
8897:
8732:
8307:
7777:
7564:
7521:
7312:
7009:
5607:
4824:
2809:
2681:
2086:
1990:
1677:, Éire became fully independent of the United Kingdom in 1937; and then became a republic in 1949.
1658:
1329:
970:
In the post-colonial history of art, this marked the departure from Eurocentric unilateral idea of
775:
8761:
4575:
4415:
4167:
172:. Sub-disciplines of postcolonial studies examine the effects of colonial rule on the practice of
60:
analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of (usually European) imperial power.
10782:
10736:
10641:
10136:
9578:
8815:
8754:
8680:
8543:
8324:
8080:
7893:
7888:
7866:
7828:
7808:
7442:
7438:
7255:
7128:
7091:
7074:
6894:
6358:
5662:
5567:
4907:
3236:
3123:
2524:
2002:
1963:
1934:
1257:
peoples, the Eurasian folk who originated from Indonesia; the peoples who were the colony of the
1246:
1174:
958:
593:
441:
world is an intellectual space "of contradictions, of half-finished processes, of confusions, of
346:
181:
136:—from the point of view of the colonized people. On a deeper level, postcolonialism examines the
8953:
8917:
1525:
was conquered in 1859; and in 1887, the Indochinese Union (Union indochinoise) was established.
1365:
In his essay "Who Am I?: The Identity Crisis in the Middle East" (2006), P.R. Kumaraswamy says:
858:
postcolonial studies also reject the colonial cultural depiction of subaltern peoples as hollow
10470:
10422:
10417:
9386:
9340:
9189:
8695:
8149:
8122:
8092:
7956:
7903:
7720:
7596:
7491:
7331:
7326:
7184:
7150:
7138:
7133:
7096:
7046:
6904:
6884:
6570:
6515:
6289:
5792:
5382:
5327:
5287:
4761:
3579:
3083:
3053:
3015:
2899:
2280:
1753:
791:
643:
177:
9949:
8204:
5832:
5042:
4924:
4168:"Is the Post- in Postcolonial the Post- in Post-Soviet? Toward a Global Postcolonial Critique"
3537:
10594:
10485:
10465:
10330:
10280:
10173:
10163:
9853:
9819:
9728:
8739:
8477:
8372:
8299:
8171:
7574:
7291:
7245:
7240:
7189:
6853:
6834:
6650:
6545:
6272:
6241:
5827:
5537:
5432:
5250:
4022:
3093:
3088:
2645:
1789:
1650:
1553:
1460:
1193:
1150:
185:
173:
10398:
9809:
9345:
5088:
3361:
2889:
10681:
10158:
9499:
9216:
8571:
8411:
8144:
8020:
7991:
7762:
7424:
7398:
7345:
7179:
7106:
6951:
6916:
6870:
6838:
6716:
6430:
5732:
5707:
5687:
5667:
5512:
4490:
2882:
2428:
2319:
2263:
2218:
1867:
1813:
1719:
has often been framed as an attempt to break away from the United Kingdom's economic orbit.
1704:
1574:
1178:
1162:
1132:
1067:
867:, proposed that anti-colonial resistance always counters every exercise of colonial power.
764:
674:
540:
463:(1996), Helen Gilbert and Joanne Tompkins clarify the denotational functions, among which:
417:
149:
8452:
5762:
3780:
3063:
2404:
German edition: trans. Kathrina Menke. Vienna & Berlin: Verlag Turia & Kant. 2010.
817:
In June of the year 1600, the Afro–Iberian woman Francisca de Figueroa requested from the
547:
is achieved with physical and mental violence, by which the colonist means to inculcate a
8:
10475:
9221:
8635:
8342:
8038:
7250:
7162:
6921:
6555:
6520:
6423:
5946:
5767:
5722:
5682:
5677:
5627:
5312:
4687:
3200:
2947:
2844:
2248:
1711:
1615:
1544:
1410:
1070:
to tell spatial stories around the colonial behavior happening due to the War on Terror.
950:
560:
556:
315:
133:
44:) is the critical academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of
9973:
9543:
8958:
8662:
7270:
4670:
4494:
3707:
Interview With Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak: New Nation Writers Conference in South Africa
3263:"TRANS Nr. 11: Paul Michael Lützeler (St. Louis): From Postmodernism to Postcolonialism"
1421:
Upon arriving to Africa, Europeans encountered various African civilizations namely the
10701:
10696:
10631:
10514:
10427:
10258:
9934:
9266:
9050:
8115:
8070:
7429:
7385:
7340:
6963:
6909:
6830:
6401:
6331:
6257:
6134:
6109:
5966:
5956:
5912:
5752:
5647:
5637:
5467:
5266:
4651:
4620:
4506:
4456:
4300:
From Sovietology to Postcoloniality: Poland and Ukraine from a Postcolonial Perspective
4280:
4207:
4187:
4056:
3924:
3820:
3812:
2856:
2652:
2568:
2438:
2045:
1951:
1845:
1777:
1697:
1674:
1654:
1351:
1214:
1088:
1063:
1032:
701:
625:
452:
366:
320:
237:
itself is modeled on postmodernism, with which it shares certain concepts and methods.
148:
surrounding the colonizer and the colonized. This approach may overlap with studies of
113:
96:
7971:
5193:
2573:
Postcolonial Student: Learning the Ethics of Global Solidarity in an English Classroom
1141:
Ancient Rome was a source of admiration in Europe since the enlightenment. In France,
887:
human world, perpetuates the belief in the existence of imaginary peoples and places—"
10519:
10373:
10121:
9418:
8429:
8268:
7693:
7452:
7391:
7350:
7167:
7052:
6988:
6899:
6876:
6820:
6728:
6461:
6309:
6189:
6026:
6001:
5897:
5582:
5372:
5139:
5120:
5094:
5071:
Kumaraswamy, P. R. (March 2006). "Who Am I? The Identity Crisis in the Middle East".
5050:
5014:
4624:
4579:
4510:
4419:
4372:
4328:
4303:
4284:
4239:
4214:
4191:
4060:
3931:
3887:
3824:
3686:
3664:
3439:
3414:
3218:
3175:
3113:
3004:
2958:
2814:
2759:
2723:
2685:
2371:
2329:
2292:
2268:
2258:
2128:
1995:
1892:
1854:
1466:
1258:
892:
864:
358:
350:
337:
281:
157:
6099:
5007:
3729:
Afro-Latino Voices: Narratives from the Early Modern Ibero–Atlantic World, 1550–1812
3322:
1482:
and postcolonialism are essentially discontinuous and divergent cultural phenomena.
983:
interpreted and carried forward. Thus they do not represent a school but a movement.
841:
Afro–Latino Voices: Narratives from the Early Modern Ibero–Atlantic World: 1550–1812
10686:
10393:
10216:
10192:
10153:
9733:
8890:
8280:
8139:
8127:
7419:
7379:
7374:
7199:
7086:
7021:
6848:
6843:
6825:
6683:
6484:
6437:
6267:
6262:
6184:
6154:
6119:
6076:
6036:
5996:
5986:
5951:
5936:
5892:
5872:
5847:
5717:
5702:
5547:
5387:
5243:
4700:
4695:
4612:
4571:
4548:
4498:
4448:
4411:
4272:
4179:
3575:
3167:
2954:
2903:
2839:
New Digital Worlds: Postcolonial Digital Humanities in Theory, Praxis, and Pedagogy
2797:
2745:
2394:
2224:
2158:
2110:
2104:
1771:
1732:
1678:
1666:
1539:
1498:
1471:
1438:
912:
617:
573:
84:
8008:
4502:
10111:
9718:
9292:
8968:
8332:
8154:
7939:
7703:
7529:
7174:
6489:
6159:
6114:
6041:
6021:
6011:
5887:
5842:
5807:
5802:
5747:
5737:
5612:
5497:
5347:
5274:
5213:
4276:
3766:
3073:
3058:
3027:
2999:
2981:
2736:
2504:
2212:
2188:
2140:
1597:
1582:
1450:
1262:
1238:
830:, Christian monotheism, and servile language, in addressing her colonial master:
826:. As a subaltern woman, she applied to her voice the Spanish cultural filters of
669:
665:
610:
548:
544:
426:
169:
64:
57:
8212:
6174:
4183:
3799:"humanities underground » All The Shared Experiences Of The Lived World II"
3262:
2720:
At the Risk of Being Heard: Indigenous Rights, Identity, and Postcolonial States
1383:
the course of establishing the Western version of the Middle East. In the event:
10492:
10183:
9602:
9230:
9226:
8877:
8495:
8434:
8274:
7745:
7579:
7367:
7355:
7041:
6926:
6602:
6587:
6577:
6479:
6381:
6324:
6277:
6252:
6095:
6090:
6081:
6046:
6031:
6016:
5991:
5976:
5971:
5941:
5927:
5902:
5882:
5877:
5857:
5782:
5742:
5712:
5597:
5577:
5572:
5527:
5522:
5507:
5487:
5307:
3619:
Culture and Imperialism Representations of the Intellectual: The Reith Lectures
3383:
3381:
3108:
3098:
3009:
2953:
W.E.B. Du Bois's Data Portraits: Visualizing Black America (2019), charts from
2786:
2754:
2578:
2514:
2477:
2465:
2418:
2339:
2176:
2116:
1982:
1946:
problem." Madiou gives one clear reason for considering postcolonialism a dead
1925:
1913:
1874:. According to him, the theory will be remembered "for its revival of cultural
1744:
1728:
1716:
1625:
1586:
1549:
1521:. Cochinchina (southern Vietnam) was the first territory under French control;
1422:
1305:
the study of the nations who continue forging a postcolonial national identity.
1292:
1146:
1007:
954:
880:
854:
849:
581:
493:
438:
373:
362:
332:
218:
153:
141:
88:
10432:
6104:
5917:
4260:
2950:(2018), visualizations and scholarly journal tracking global crisis situations
1361:"The Middle East" is the Western name for the countries of South-western Asia.
10766:
10572:
10524:
9966:
9592:
7755:
7079:
7060:
7004:
6958:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6790:
6785:
6662:
6655:
6319:
6314:
6169:
6124:
6061:
5981:
5932:
5922:
5907:
5822:
5817:
5632:
5622:
5617:
5542:
5532:
5517:
5442:
5342:
4769:
4542:
3300:
3038:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2834:
2706:
2635:
A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Towards a History of the Vanishing Present
2534:
2455:
2325:"The Heathen in his Blindness..." Asia, the West, and the Dynamic of Religion
2230:
2164:
2146:
2092:
2080:
2038:
1863:
1859:
1830:
1736:
1590:
1479:
1288:
1272:
1051:
946:
934:
818:
563:(1954–62) for independence from France as a member and representative of the
226:
27:
Critical academic study of the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism
5777:
3378:
2507:. 1994. "The Angel of Progress: Pitfalls of the Term 'Postcolonialism'." In
1596:
Postcolonial studies in East-Central and Eastern Europe were inaugurated by
8690:
8337:
8159:
8002:
7858:
7307:
7265:
7194:
6931:
6816:
6770:
6758:
6701:
6667:
6299:
6294:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6129:
6066:
6056:
6006:
5961:
5867:
5772:
5602:
5587:
5472:
5392:
5357:
5332:
5317:
4977:
3656:
3529:
3118:
3103:
3078:
2971:
2917:
2824:
2363:
2206:
2194:
2134:
2122:
2028:
2007:
1875:
1871:
1850:
1749:
1693:
1490:
1426:
1414:
1401:
1379:
1333:
1325:
1313:
1218:
1084:
1040:
929:
In 1997, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of India's Independence, "
908:
900:
785:
724:
631:
532:
525:
502:
472:
268:
129:
76:
53:
4716:"Ireland's National Conflict Is About Imperialism as Well as Sectarianism"
4616:
3171:
1833:
has critiqued some foundational logics of postcolonial theory in his book
1275:
depicts the unfair and inhuman situation of people dominated by settlers.
1213:
teachers," whose lessons were invaluable for modern colonists ideologues.
1153:(1712 –1785) who were vocal advocates of these ancient republican values.
10691:
8973:
8615:
8591:
7961:
7949:
7871:
7447:
7260:
7064:
6800:
6748:
6723:
6706:
6645:
6341:
6282:
6199:
6085:
6071:
6051:
5852:
5837:
5812:
5797:
5787:
5552:
5402:
5229:
5084:
5047:
Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms
4920:
4880:
4845:
4090:
3279:
3048:
2986:
2976:
2598:
2544:
2487:
2381:
2264:
Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism
2200:
2050:
1921:
1917:
1879:
1840:
1801:
1710:
the post-independence struggle of the Irish Free State (which became the
1529:
1510:
1455:
1254:
1059:
999:
904:
896:
888:
658:
621:
613:
536:
529:
401:
393:
389:
381:
377:
276:
263:
49:
45:
9863:
4655:
4460:
284:, a social place, and an economic role within an imperial colony. Thus:
63:
Postcolonial, as in the postcolonial condition, is to be understood, as
10529:
9536:
9179:
8749:
7411:
6999:
6753:
6711:
6697:
6565:
6550:
5672:
5592:
5562:
4894:
4639:
4440:
3767:"Santiniketan: The Making of a Contextual Modernism – Asia Art Archive"
3128:
2309:
2281:
The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literature
2182:
2098:
1947:
1793:
1330:
decolonized Rwanda, the Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1321:
1226:
1182:
1170:
1079:
942:
585:
251:
210:
161:
6210:
4600:
4552:
4261:"On Colonialism, Communism and East-Central Europe - some reflections"
3617:
Madhavan, A. (1993). "Review: Edward Said: The Exile As Interpreter".
2801:
2591:. 1989 . "Calibán: Apuntes sobre la cultura de Nuestra América" . In
2407:
Japanese edition: trans. Kazuko Takemura. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. 1995.
9456:
8580:
8457:
8287:
7770:
7101:
6780:
6775:
6738:
6733:
6597:
6540:
6525:
6394:
5862:
5757:
5462:
5422:
5235:
4452:
4441:"Modern Ireland: Post-Colonial Society or Post-Colonial Pretensions?"
3558:(Spring 2019 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
3133:
3068:
3022:
2646:
Decolonizing the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature
2499:
Traditions, Tyranny, and Utopias: Essays in the Politics of Awareness
2170:
1757:
1461:
Decolonizing the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature
1317:
1210:
1127:
1112:
1104:
971:
917:
539:
as essentially destructive. Its societal effects—the imposition of a
442:
230:
165:
145:
80:
3580:"The Limits of Postcolonial Criticism: The Discourse of Edward Said"
3195:
2733:
Dhawan, N. 2005. "Postkolonial Theorie. Eine kritische Einführung" .
2423:
The Commonwealth, Comparative Literature and the World: Two Lectures
10131:
8874:
6795:
6743:
6179:
5447:
5437:
4476:"Ireland and Irishness: The Contextuality of Postcolonial Identity"
4327:. Rochester: University of Rochester Press - Boydell & Brewer.
4325:
Polish Literature and National Identity: A Postcolonial Perspective
2450:
Manichean Aesthetics: The Politics of Literature in Colonial Africa
2152:
1761:
1669:, a self-governing dominion of the British Empire. Pursuant to the
1556:
1514:
1142:
884:
755:
cautioned against assigning an over-broad connotation. She argues:
489:
206:
5219:
4048:
2923:
1157:
civilization and a model of beauty and democracy. These included:
6582:
6560:
6510:
6414:
6336:
6194:
5502:
5482:
5452:
2933:
1642:
1620:
1578:
1565:, in which she focuses on the acknowledgement of oral tradition.
1532:) wrote the first critical text against the French colonization:
1434:
1430:
1197:
1120:
859:
67:
puts it, as a reversal of colonialism but not as superseding it.
5220:
Contemporary Postcolonial and Postimperial Literature in English
5117:
The Search for Arab Democracy: Discourses and Counter-Discourses
5045:. In Makaryk, Irene Rima; Hutcheon, Linda; Perron, Paul (eds.).
4672:
It's Not Paddy: Cinematic Portrayals of Irish Colonial Conflicts
3841:
3392:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFDictionary_of_Human_Geography2007 (
1912:, Mohamed Salah Eddine Madiou argues that postcolonialism as an
1665:. Most of Ireland became independent of the U.K. in 1922 as the
1376:
The Search for Arab Democracy: Discourses and Counter-Discourses
591:
Another key book that predates postcolonial theories is Fanon's
7015:
6592:
6505:
5492:
5427:
4547:(PhD thesis). Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick.
4052:
Postcolonialisms: An Anthology of Cultural Theory and Criticism
2492:
The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism
2068:
1800:
are viewed by some postcolonialists as the modern procedure of
1522:
1502:
1116:
1100:
827:
635:
3470:
1890:
The concentration of postcolonial studies upon the subject of
1357:
1039:
history of the Indian struggle for independence, and counters
638:"—Said developed the denotations and connotations of the term
7650:
7547:
7408:
6530:
5457:
5417:
3647:, Chapter Three: Latent and Manifest Orientalism, pp. 201–25.
3387:
2992:
2893:
2810:
A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures in English
2358:
Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories
1108:
397:
385:
5209:
The Institute of Postcolonial Studies - Melbourne, Australia
4350:
Word and Text: A Journal of Literary Studies and Linguistics
2913:
2829:
The Disappointed Bridge: Ireland and the Post-Colonial World
1209:
The Greeks and Romans were deemed exemplary conquerors and "
437:
denote aspects of the subject matter that indicate that the
6535:
5224:
4118:
4116:
4114:
3829:
3685:. Manchester, United Kingdom: Manchester University Press.
3346:
Sharp, J. (2008). "Chapter 6, "Can the Subaltern Speak?"".
1518:
1200:
to follow the ancient imperial example. In 1841, he stated:
3911:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 40, 165.
3740:
3738:
3034:
An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's "Heart of Darkness"
2926:(2014), a digital archive of photos and recordings of the
2399:
Woman, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism
1784:
1752:
in his analysis of recorded memories and testimony of the
1562:
Woman, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism
1073:
924:
4148:
3974:
3282:. 2000. "Nationalism, Human Rights, and Interpretation."
3213:
Ashcroft, Bill; Griffiths, Gareth; Tiffin, Helen (2000).
1046:
8998:
4111:
1653:
to the English (later, British) government - before the
1291:
of their peoples, countries, and cultures in service to
745:
In establishing the Postcolonial definition of the term
10292:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
4889:(1st ed.), translated by J. Leinsdorf. Pentland Press.
4738:"Structural adjustment programmes and human well-being"
4555:– via MIRR – Mary Immaculate Research Repository.
3970:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 170–1.
3735:
205:
could refer either to a system of government, or to an
5208:
4860:"The Death of Postcolonialism: The Founder's Foreword"
4544:
Fanon's one big idea: Ireland and postcolonial studies
4209:
Imperial Knowledge. Russian Literature and Colonialism
3731:. Indianapolis: Hacket Publishing Company. p. 59.
2877:
2664:
Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race
2384:. 11 December 1964. "Colonialism is Doomed" (speech).
1602:
Imperial Knowledge: Russian Literature and Colonialism
584:
described colonial imperialism as an advanced form of
10584:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
4128:
4101:
4099:
2924:
Passamaquoddy People: At Home on the Oceans and Lakes
2581:. 1999. "Coloniality and Modernity/Rationality." In
1225:
colonialist discourse acquires a "multi-layered" or "
795:
to describe the social functions of postcolonialism.
508:
353:
that are the social and cultural perspectives of the
9432:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
4953:
4941:
4369:
Ideologies of Eastness in Central and Eastern Europe
3482:
2482:
Prospero and Caliban, the Psychology of Colonization
1910:
The Death of Postcolonialism: The Founder's Foreword
1370:
identity that is both inclusive and representative.
496:
control of the decolonized country, affected by the
30:
For the perspective in international relations, see
4640:"Postcolonialism and Stories of the Irish Troubles"
4473:
4258:
3711:
ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature
3362:"Postcolonialism An Historical Introduction Pdf 11"
1950:: the avoidance of serious colonial cases, such as
1696:as wild, tribal savages and the depiction of other
740:
357:colonial subjects—their creative resistance to the
309:From the mid- to the late-nineteenth century, such
9392:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
9250:
7032:
5006:
4588:– via oxford.universitypressscholarship.com.
4428:– via oxford.universitypressscholarship.com.
4206:
4096:
3923:
3861:The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq
1824:
1298:Postcolonial literary study is in two categories:
990:Santiniketan: The Making of a Contextual Modernism
931:Santiniketan: The Making of a Contextual Modernism
10050:
4858:Madiou, Mohamed Salah Eddine (11 November 2021).
4483:Annals of the American Association of Geographers
3994:The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations
3494:
3297:The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations
2850:Postcolonial Theory and the Arab–Israeli Conflict
2278:Ashcroft, B., G. Griffiths, and H. Tiffin. 1990.
10764:
5049:. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
4528:"The Irish language in postcolonial perspective"
4259:Kołodziejczyk, Dorota; Şandru, Cristina (2012).
3598:
3574:
3522:. 2005. "War and world politics." Pp. 225–39 in
1885:
152:, and may also draw examples from anthropology,
116:between the colonist and the colonial subjects.
10616:
6859:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
5073:The Middle East Review of International Affairs
4637:
3992:Evans, Graham, and Jeffrey Newnham, eds. 1998.
3462:Sharp, J. (2008). "Chapter 1, On Orientalism".
3436:Post-Colonial Drama: Theory, Practice, Politics
3433:
2657:White Mythologies: Writing History and the West
2511:, edited by M. Baker, P. Hulme, and M. Iverson.
1458:experience of colonial imperialism; as well as
1454:(1964), the first postcolonial novel about the
1332:; thus the postcolonial extremes against which
1062:of events happening in modern-day Afghanistan,
907:." To counter such linguistic and sociological
870:
535:analyzes and medically describes the nature of
513:
505:, decades after building their own identities.
461:Post-Colonial Drama: Theory, Practice, Politics
144:, including the social, political and cultural
5090:Postcolonialism: Theory, Practice, or Process?
2796:Paperson, L. 2005. "The Postcolonial Ghetto."
1836:Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital
1243:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
1232:
605:
52:, focusing on the impact of human control and
10440:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
10310:Western European colonialism and colonization
8859:
6366:
6226:
5251:
4568:"The Irish Republic as 'Postcolonial' Polity"
4474:Scanlon, Lauren A.; Satish Kumar, M. (2019).
4438:
3166:. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 38.
1920:is a "dismal failure." While explaining that
809:Spivak developed and applied Foucault's term
70:
8770:
5027:
4165:
3847:
3835:
3476:
2471:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
2368:Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction
2069:Contemporary authors of postcolonial fiction
682:orientalist's grander interpretive activity.
578:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
8873:
5070:
4322:
4122:
4049:Gaurav Gajanan Desai, Supriya Nair (2005).
3950:
3661:Imperial Fictions: Europe's Myths of Orient
2902:(2018), a research hub that highlights the
2861:Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction
2807:Poddar, Prem, and David Johnson, ed. 2008.
2519:Local Histories/Global designs: Coloniality
2443:Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World
2237:
1261:; in the literature, the notable author is
1091:, but its roots reach far back in history.
729:Imperial Fictions: Europe's Myths of Orient
411:
349:, the anti-conquest narrative analyzes the
140:relationships that sustain colonialism and
8866:
8852:
6373:
6359:
6233:
6219:
5258:
5244:
5093:. Polity Press, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
5040:
5000:. Hoboken,NJ.: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
4864:Janus Unbound: Journal of Critical Studies
4817:
4735:
4601:"Ireland and Postcolonial Theory (review)"
4347:
3980:
3410:The Pre-occupation of Postcolonial Studies
3295:Evans, Graham, and Jeffrey Newnham. 1998.
3217:. New York: Routeledge. pp. 168–173.
1957:
83:, its nature, and verifiability), ethics (
9495:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4699:
4644:New Hibernia Review / Iris Éireannach Nua
4576:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249909.001.0001
4416:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199251841.001.0001
4302:. Huddinge, Sweden: Södertörns högskola.
3906:
3881:
3549:
3457:
3455:
3434:Gilbert, Helen; Tompkins, Joanne (1996).
3273:
3136:, "The White-Savior Industrial Complex",
2813:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
1413:(1874–1914) proved to be the tail end of
1058:, Gregory traces connections between the
933:" was an important exhibition curated by
32:Postcolonialism (international relations)
10714:Historical geographic information system
7480:
5034:Ego | Europäische Geschichte Online
4668:
4540:
4406:Cleary, Joe (2005). Kenny, Kevin (ed.).
4233:
4204:
3726:
3616:
3505:sfn error: no target: CITEREFFanon1961 (
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3161:
1882:, rather than being an antidote to it."
1489:
1400:
1356:
1078:Acheraiou argues that colonialism was a
774:
475:sequence, which supersedes colonialism,
447:
331:
327:
250:
246:
6240:
5083:
5041:Hart, Jonathan; Goldie, Terrie (1993).
4995:
4959:
4947:
4522:
4520:
4366:
3926:The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain
3556:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3325:. 2000. "The Clash of Definitions." In
3215:Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts
2781:(2nd ed.). Manchester University Press.
2765:Regents of the University of California
2349:Chambers, I., and L. Curti, eds. 1996.
1785:Structural adjustment programmes (SAPs)
1074:Amar Acheraiou and Classical influences
925:R. Siva Kumar and alternative modernity
14:
10765:
10354:English historical school of economics
8406:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
6460:
5265:
5152:
5114:
4931:General Assembly of the United Nations
4857:
4808:
4598:
4405:
4134:
4105:
3965:
3921:
3744:
3680:
3674:
3452:
3406:
3327:Reflections on Exile, and Other Essays
3284:Reflections on Exile, and Other Essays
3143:Décolonisation de l'espace public (fr)
2701:Decolonial Feminist and Queer Theories
2509:Colonial Discourse/Postcolonial Theory
2433:African Philosophy: Myth & Reality
2388:General Assembly of the United Nations
1979:Le Procès de la Colonisation française
1534:Le Procès de la Colonisation française
1302:the study of postcolonial nations; and
1249:) with their former mother countries.
1047:Derek Gregory and the colonial present
10670:
10615:
10550:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
10389:Historical reliability of the Gospels
10247:
9774:
8847:
8836:
7479:
7222:
6986:
6625:
6459:
6354:
6214:
5239:
5004:
4973:"The White-Savior Industrial Complex"
4836:
4834:
4793:
4731:
4729:
4704:– via journals.openedition.org.
4685:
4297:
3955:. Paris: Flammarion. pp. 97–177.
3877:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3500:
3488:
3461:
3345:
3332:
2916:(2018), an open source collection of
2878:The Institute of Postcolonial Studies
2867:
2847:, and D. Robinson Divine, eds. 2008.
2678:Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations
2304:Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies
1981:('French Colonization on Trial'), by
1968:
1770:(1969–1998), a period of conflict in
1727:that "the "colonizing activities" of
1022:
219:a system that comes after colonialism
10742:
8837:
8367:More Irish than the Irish themselves
5153:Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty (1990).
5133:
4886:The Case Against French Colonization
4565:
4517:
3930:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
3644:
3604:
3234:
2996:(1969), directed by Gillo Pontecorvo
2886:(published with Taylor and Francis).
1878:and its acting as an endorsement of
1501:was divided into five subdivisions:
455:, located in Campeche City, Mexico.
9437:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
6626:
4686:White, Timothy J. (June 30, 2010).
4005:
3525:The Globalization of World Politics
3155:
2718:Dean, B., and J. Levi, eds. 2003.
751:, the philosopher and theoretician
302:La Réforme intellectuelle et morale
273:La Réforme intellectuelle et morale
257:La Réforme intellectuelle et morale
24:
10450:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
8394:Fourth Italian War of Independence
6380:
5658:Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
4988:
4831:
4726:
4669:Shaffrey, Bridget (May 10, 2017).
3866:
3781:"Finding an expression of its own"
3388:Dictionary of Human Geography 2007
2892:(2019), on the spatial history of
1816:is indeed an act of colonization.
509:Notable theoreticians and theories
25:
10809:
5173:
5119:. India: C. Hurst & Co. Ltd.
4766:The Dictionary of Human Geography
4675:(BA thesis). Bucknell University.
4393:"Ireland and Postcolonial Theory"
1809:The Dictionary of Human Geography
1568:
1548:(1982), in which she attempts to
1536:('French Colonization on Trial')
1444:About East Africa, Kenyan writer
974:to alternative context sensitive
783:Spivak also introduced the terms
336:Spanish colonial architecture in
213:underlying that system. However,
10741:
10732:
10731:
10248:
9748:
9747:
9589:Palestinian expulsion and flight
8101:5000-year civilization assertion
7677:Nadir of American race relations
5401:
4813:. Oxford India. pp. 82–108.
4541:Flannery, Eoin (June 21, 2004).
3044:Inversion in postcolonial theory
2934:Postcolonial Writers Make Worlds
2722:. University of Michigan Press.
2289:The Post-Colonial Studies Reader
1858:presents the difference between
1829:Indian-American Marxist scholar
1790:Structural adjustment programmes
1723:In 2003, Clare Carroll wrote in
741:Gayatri Spivak and the subaltern
664:In concordance with philosopher
10578:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
9452:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
9387:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
9194:Causes of the Armenian genocide
7503:Pyramid construction techniques
7070:Comparative historical research
6987:
6688:Library and information science
4965:
4914:
4900:
4874:
4851:
4825:"Who speaks for the Subaltern?"
4802:
4787:
4754:
4708:
4679:
4662:
4631:
4599:Cronin, Nessa (June 21, 2004).
4592:
4559:
4534:
4467:
4432:
4399:
4385:
4360:
4341:
4316:
4291:
4265:Journal of Postcolonial Writing
4252:
4227:
4198:
4159:
4140:
4079:
4042:
3999:
3986:
3968:The Expansion of England (1883)
3959:
3951:Tocqueville, Alexis de (2003).
3944:
3915:
3900:
3853:
3805:
3791:
3773:
3759:
3750:
3720:
3713:23(3):29–47. Archived from the
3699:
3650:
3629:
3610:
3568:
3543:
3513:
3427:
3400:
3354:
3237:"What is Postcolonial Studies?"
2024:The Colonizer and the Colonized
1825:Undermining of universal values
1725:Ireland and Postcolonial Theory
1635:Postcolonial writing in Ireland
99:about the colonized people; and
10590:Gunpowder and gun transmission
10540:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
10349:Historical school of economics
10286:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
9724:Gunpowder and gun transmission
9598:Zionism as settler colonialism
8603:Limpieza de sangre controversy
7570:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
4784:. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
4701:10.4000/etudesirlandaises.1743
4154:Johns Hopkins University Press
3886:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
3811:Gilroy, Paul Christopher, and
3727:McKnight, Kathryn Joy (2009).
3464:Geographies of Postcolonialism
3348:Geographies of Postcolonialism
3316:
3289:
3255:
3228:
3207:
3188:
3019:(1980), directed by John Irvin
2583:Globalizations and Modernities
1843:'s earlier critique of Said's
1559:ideology." In 1989, she wrote
1409:In the late 19th century, the
1344:
1339:
939:National Gallery of Modern Art
696:West applied Orientalism as a
488:is also applied to denote the
95:the colonizer's generation of
13:
1:
10399:Opposition to Papal supremacy
9775:
7587:Indigenous population history
5728:Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve
5698:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
5653:Anne Louise Germaine de Staël
5028:Fischer-Tiné, Harald (2011).
4998:Dictionary of Human Geography
4742:journals2.scholarsportal.info
4503:10.1080/24694452.2018.1507812
4323:Skórczewski, Dariusz (2020).
3554:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
3149:
2670:
2370:. Columbia University Press:
2360:. Princeton University Press.
1886:Fixation on national identity
1528:In 1924, Nguyen Ai Quoc (aka
566:Front de Libération Nationale
541:subjugating colonial identity
119:
10315:Desacralization of knowledge
8586:Carlism in the Francoist era
8554:Holodomor in modern politics
7223:
5199:Resources in other libraries
4277:10.1080/17449855.2012.658242
4166:Chioni Moore, David (2001).
3966:Seeley, John Robert (1971).
3164:The Settler Colonial Present
2957:in color about the lives of
2936:(2017), critical reading of
2414:Infinite Layers/Third World?
2401:. Indiana University Press.
1819:
1692:the depiction of the native
1671:Statute of Westminster, 1931
1316:, usually manifested as the
1126:Among these ancient writers
945:, specifically the works of
871:Homi K. Bhabha and hybridity
865:Subaltern Studies Collective
624:explained in his 1978 book,
514:Frantz Fanon and subjugation
372:As an example, consider how
91:people, which derives from:
7:
10707:Historiographic metafiction
10671:
10617:Organizations, publications
10406:Proto-orthodox Christianity
9356:German resistance to Nazism
9212:Persian famine of 1917–1919
8622:Islamic revolution of Spain
8549:Holodomor genocide question
8425:Revisionism of Risorgimento
8419:Rerum italicarum scriptores
8400:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
8167:Self-Strengthening Movement
7317:decolonization of knowledge
4570:. Oxford University Press.
4410:. Oxford University Press.
4298:Korek, Janusz, ed. (2007).
4184:10.1632/pmla.2001.116.1.111
3235:Raja, Masood (2019-04-02).
2964:
2920:'s 1922 collection of poems
2609:Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty
2253:The Myth of the Lazy Native
2242:
1681:, in northeastern Ireland (
1552:anthropology as a "western
1233:Postcolonial literary study
1004:counterculture of modernity
606:Edward Said and orientalism
10:
10814:
10504:Wissenschaft des Judentums
10481:Criticism of Protestantism
9361:Nazi foreign policy debate
8792:Second colonial occupation
8539:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
8177:Tibetan sovereignty debate
7721:Progressive-era historians
7156:Nationalization of history
7107:Historical-critical method
5693:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
5230:Postcolonial Interventions
5155:"Can the Subaltern Speak?"
5036:. European History Online.
4842:Overstating the Arab State
4234:Kelertas, Violeta (2006).
4087:Overstating the Arab State
3884:Rethinking Postcolonialism
3578:(November–December 1998).
3162:Veracini, Lorenzo (2015).
2712:Iran: A People Interrupted
2621:Selected Subaltern Studies
2589:Retamar, Roberto Fernández
2351:The Post-Colonial Question
2063:Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
1961:
1899:Overstating the Arab State
1792:(SAPs) implemented by the
1607:
1437:Kingdom (Uganda), and the
1285:Soviet Socialist Republics
1268:Waiting for the Barbarians
1159:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
753:Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
376:discourse of geopolitical
138:social and political power
71:Purpose and basic concepts
29:
10726:
10677:
10666:
10622:
10611:
10560:
10364:
10323:
10254:
10243:
10099:
9785:
9781:
9770:
9742:
9711:
9675:
9569:
9523:
9509:Second Sino-Japanese War
9487:
9417:
9369:
9331:
9291:
9167:
8989:
8908:
8884:
8843:
8832:
8808:
8706:
8673:
8564:
8488:
8445:
8386:
8351:
8323:
8314:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
8258:
8185:
8091:
8019:
7733:
7662:
7595:
7557:
7490:
7486:
7475:
7300:
7233:
7229:
7218:
6995:
6982:
6809:
6676:
6638:
6634:
6621:
6498:
6472:
6468:
6455:
6388:
6350:
6248:
6165:Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
5558:Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux
5410:
5399:
5368:Reader-response criticism
5273:
5194:Resources in your library
5013:. New York: Grove Press.
5009:The Wretched of the Earth
4883:(Nguyễn Ái Quốc). 2017.
4736:McGregor,S (2005-05-03).
4627:– via Project MUSE.
4205:Thompson, Ewa M. (2000).
4006:Rob, Nieuwenhuys (1978).
3922:Turner, Frank M. (1981).
3683:Beginning Postcolonialism
3663:. London: Pandora Press.
3592:Marxists Internet Archive
3413:. Duke University Press.
2791:The Idea of Latin América
2779:Beginning Postcolonialism
2772:Beginning Postcolonialism
2563:Delusions and Discoveries
2075:John Nkemngong Nkengasong
2015:The Wretched of the Earth
1754:Great Famine in the 1840s
1661:on 1 January 1801 as the
1649:, which subordinated the
1647:Statute of Drogheda, 1494
1396:
1283:in 1991, the constituent
521:The Wretched of the Earth
275:(1871), whereby imperial
114:binary power-relationship
10264:Crisis of historiography
9427:Auschwitz bombing debate
9113:Indian Rebellion of 1857
8964:Late Bronze Age collapse
8898:List of military museums
8501:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
8473:Polish People's Republic
8308:Sybel-Ficker controversy
7672:African-American history
7645:Colonial Spanish America
7434:Second Thirty Years' War
5608:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
5363:Psychoanalytic criticism
4638:Storey, Michael (1998).
4367:Zarycki, Tomasz (2014).
3882:Acheraiou, Amar (2008).
3550:Drabinski, John (2019),
2682:Indiana University Press
2614:Can the Subaltern Speak?
2593:Calibán and Other Essays
2525:Mohanty, Chandra Talpade
2238:Postcolonial non-fiction
2087:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
2058:Can the Subaltern Speak?
1991:Discourse on Colonialism
1700:as primitive and violent
1659:Kingdom of Great Britain
998:Several terms including
668:, Said established that
594:Black Skins, White Masks
412:Difficulty of definition
359:culture of the colonizer
321:la mission civilisatrice
201:, as the ambiguous term
9377:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
9236:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
8787:Porter–MacKenzie debate
8544:Causes of the Holodomor
8081:Problem of two emperors
8029:Catilinarian conspiracy
7256:Historical significance
7117:Indiscipline of history
7092:Historical anthropology
5663:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
4996:Gregory, Derek (2009).
3124:Street name controversy
2908:National Women's Caucus
2821:. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
2695:Bachetta, Paola. 2012.
2628:The Postcolonial Critic
2603:Culture and Imperialism
2539:The Invention of Africa
2344:The Location of Culture
2003:Black Skin, White Masks
1964:Postcolonial literature
1958:Postcolonial literature
1935:The Death of the Author
1673:and enactment of a new
1485:
1281:dissolution of the USSR
1247:Commonwealth of Nations
1175:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
959:Benode Behari Mukherjee
877:The Location of Culture
347:postcolonial literature
304:(1871), by Ernest Renan
10471:Protestant Reformation
10445:Second Vatican Council
10423:Succession to Muhammad
10418:Criticism of the Quran
10169:Religious perspectives
9903:Klemens von Metternich
9500:"Battle for Australia"
9382:Soviet offensive plans
9351:Broad vs. narrow front
9190:Late Ottoman genocides
8123:Century of humiliation
7904:Goguryeo controversies
7882:2,500-year celebration
7540:Double genocide theory
7327:Historical negationism
7151:Ancestral civilisation
7139:Historical materialism
7097:Historical determinism
7047:History of mentalities
5383:Sociological criticism
5353:Postcolonial criticism
5288:Biographical criticism
5138:. New York: Pantheon.
5115:Sadiki, Larbi (2004).
5043:"Post-colonial Theory"
5030:"Postcolonial Studies"
5005:Fanon, Frantz (1963).
4908:"Half of a Yellow Sun"
4811:Writing Social History
4809:Sarkar, Sumit (1997).
4566:Howe, Stephen (2002).
4439:Kennedy, Liam (1992).
4408:"Postcolonial Ireland"
4236:Baltic Postcolonialism
4030:Cite journal requires
3981:Hart & Goldie 1993
3859:Gregory, Derek. 2004.
3705:de Kock, Leon. 1992. "
3407:Naficy, Hamid (2000).
3310:"Imperialism," p. 244.
3084:Postcolonial anarchism
3054:Linguistic imperialism
2425:. Islamabad: Gulmohar.
1630:
1495:
1406:
1390:
1372:
1362:
1207:
1029:Provincializing Europe
996:
968:
846:
824:Colonial Latin America
804:Strategic essentialism
792:strategic essentialism
780:
773:
734:
693:
677:in particular. Hence,
482:
456:
341:
307:
290:Regere imperio populos
260:
10595:Torsion mangonel myth
10498:Modern Jewish history
10493:Jesuit historiography
10486:Protestant work ethic
10466:Hesychast controversy
10331:Industrial Revolution
10281:Library of Alexandria
10199:The Lord of the Rings
9849:Constantine the Great
9729:Torsion mangonel myth
9661:Sri Lankan Civil War
8740:Storm over the gentry
8641:Colonies or Provinces
8172:Sprouts of capitalism
7246:Historic preservation
7241:Change and continuity
5828:Ferdinand de Saussure
5411:Theorists and critics
5134:Said, Edward (1978).
4936:Guevara Works Archive
4925:Colonialism is Doomed
4794:Ahmad, Aijaz (1993).
4768:(5th ed.), edited by
4760:Clayton, Dan. 2009. "
4617:10.1353/nhr.2004.0054
4371:. London: Routledge.
3681:McLeod, John (2010).
3307:"Colonialism," p. 79.
3172:10.1057/9781137372475
3094:Postcolonial theology
3089:Postcolonial feminism
2448:JanMohamed, A. 1988.
2429:Hountondji, Paulin J.
2320:Balagangadhara, S. N.
2291:. London: Routledge.
1940:Death of a Discipline
1612:
1493:
1404:
1385:
1367:
1360:
1202:
1194:Alexis de Tocqueville
980:
963:
879:(1994), theoretician
832:
778:
757:
717:
679:
465:
451:
335:
328:Postcolonial identity
286:
254:
247:Colonialist discourse
10682:Commemorative plaque
9898:Juan Manuel de Rosas
9346:"Blitzkrieg" concept
9217:Powder keg of Europe
9092:Franco-Prussian War
8762:Winter of Discontent
8745:Suffragette Campaign
8412:Italiani brava gente
8378:Revolutionary period
8200:Frankish Interregnum
8133:"Chineseness" debate
8066:Byzantine succession
8051:Fall of Western Rome
7992:Executed Renaissance
7481:By country or region
7425:Age of Enlightenment
7399:Vaticinium ex eventu
7346:Modernisation theory
7180:Quantitative history
6556:Historical documents
5733:James Russell Lowell
5708:Francesco De Sanctis
5688:Percy Bysshe Shelley
5668:Wilhelm von Humboldt
5513:Lodovico Castelvetro
5298:Cultural materialism
5283:Archetypal criticism
5214:Postcolonial Studies
4840:Ayubi, Nazih. 2001.
4238:. Amsterdam: Brill.
4085:Ayubi, Nazih. 2001.
3996:. pp. 83–84, 182–83.
3536:, and S. Smith. pp.
3466:. SAGE Publications.
3350:. SAGE Publications.
2948:Torn Apart/Separados
2890:Bodies and Structure
2883:Postcolonial Studies
2770:McLeod, John. 2000.
2549:Dislocating Cultures
2480:, and P. Powesland.
2306:. London: Routledge.
2249:Alatas, Syed Hussein
1814:Washington Consensus
1705:partition of Ireland
1616:population transfers
1575:partitions of Poland
1179:Percy Bysshe Shelley
1163:Wilhelm von Humboldt
1068:September 11 attacks
1056:The Colonial Present
765:cultural imperialism
675:European colonialism
418:contemporary history
197:may be preferred to
194:postcolonial studies
150:contemporary history
134:unreliable narrators
42:post-colonial theory
10788:Africana philosophy
10511:Schools of thought
10476:Proto-Protestantism
10345:School of Thoughts
10227:William Shakespeare
10212:Robert Falcon Scott
10117:Friedrich Nietzsche
9955:Cult of personality
9940:Neville Chamberlain
9800:Alexander the Great
9682:Russo-Georgian War
9655:Sovereignty dispute
9634:Iranian Revolution
9464:"Polish death camp"
9441:In relation to the
9150:Myth of English aid
9141:War of the Pacific
8918:Albigensian Crusade
8343:Indigenous Aryanism
8039:Constantinian shift
7575:Residential schools
7332:Historian's fallacy
7251:Historic recurrence
6749:Numismatics (Money)
6521:Archaeological site
6445:theories of history
6242:Theories of history
5833:Claude Lévi-Strauss
5768:Friedrich Nietzsche
5723:Ralph Waldo Emerson
5683:Thomas Love Peacock
5678:Arthur Schopenhauer
5628:Mary Wollstonecraft
5313:Descriptive poetics
5303:Darwinian criticism
5167:on January 5, 2012.
4605:New Hibernia Review
4495:2019AAAG..109..202S
4213:. Greenwood Press.
3584:Against the Current
2857:Young, Robert J. C.
2653:Young, Robert J. C.
2569:Raja, Masood Ashraf
2556:Contesting Cultures
2439:Jayawardena, Kumari
1853:'s critique of the
1712:Republic of Ireland
1411:Scramble for Africa
1083:ideologues such as
951:Rabindranath Tagore
670:power and knowledge
561:Algerian Revolution
316:Scramble for Africa
191:At times, the term
18:Postcolonial theory
10798:Post-structuralism
10702:Historical realism
10697:Historical fiction
10642:History institutes
10632:Historical society
10627:Heritage registers
10515:Biblical criticism
10428:Islamic golden age
10379:Early Christianity
10259:Bears in antiquity
10147:Medieval Christian
9945:Pedro II of Brazil
9893:José de San Martín
9697:Syrian revolution
9609:Malayan Emergency
9584:1948 Palestine war
9317:Spanish Civil War
9267:War guilt question
9076:American Civil War
9056:Invasion of Russia
9032:New Russian School
8816:Colonial Australia
8532:October Revolution
8295:Strukturgeschichte
8231:Location of Alésia
8150:Hua–Yi distinction
8071:Moscow, third Rome
7687:Reconstruction era
7508:Black Egypt Thesis
7430:European Civil War
7386:Translatio imperii
7341:Invented tradition
6462:Historical sources
6332:List of historians
6135:Hans-Georg Gadamer
5967:Philip Wheelwright
5957:Simone de Beauvoir
5753:Charles Baudelaire
5648:William Wordsworth
5643:Friedrich Schlegel
5638:Friedrich Schiller
5468:Christine de Pizan
5378:Semiotic criticism
5323:Feminist criticism
5267:Literary criticism
5232:- academic journal
5225:Postcolonial Space
5216:- academic journal
4692:Études irlandaises
4658:– via JSTOR.
4463:– via JSTOR.
4057:Rutgers University
3907:Aristotle (1988).
3813:Dipesh Chakrabarty
3241:Postcolonial Space
2868:Scholarly projects
2845:Salzman, Philip C.
2641:wa Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ
2529:Under Western Eyes
2259:Anderson, Benedict
1969:Foundational works
1698:indigenous peoples
1675:Irish Constitution
1655:Kingdom of Ireland
1496:
1407:
1363:
1352:identity formation
1215:John-Robert Seeley
1089:Arthur de Gobineau
1033:Dipesh Chakrabarty
1023:Dipesh Chakrabarty
1016:colonial modernity
1012:Colonial modernity
811:epistemic violence
781:
580:" (1916), wherein
551:upon the natives.
457:
453:Campeche Cathedral
342:
261:
97:cultural knowledge
79:(i.e., a study of
10793:Postmodern theory
10760:
10759:
10756:
10755:
10722:
10721:
10662:
10661:
10607:
10606:
10603:
10602:
10520:Catholic theology
10374:Avestan geography
10239:
10238:
10235:
10234:
10222:Søren Kierkegaard
10095:
10094:
10006:Warren G. Harding
9766:
9765:
9762:
9761:
9565:
9564:
9443:Armenian genocide
9306:Polish–Soviet War
9301:Burning of Smyrna
9287:
9286:
9277:Reichstag inquiry
9200:Patriotic consent
9071:
9070:
9046:War in the Vendée
9010:French Revolution
8992:century conflicts
8981:Peloponnesian War
8942:Eighty Years' War
8828:
8827:
8824:
8823:
8804:
8803:
8800:
8799:
8733:Westminster Stone
8430:Southern question
8269:Alltagsgeschichte
8219:Legendary Saracen
7921:Early settlements
7729:
7728:
7709:Political history
7694:Consensus history
7471:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7453:Continuity thesis
7392:Translatio studii
7278:Theory of history
7214:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7168:Subaltern Studies
7053:Nouvelle histoire
6978:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6890:Medieval churches
6877:Geistesgeschichte
6821:Paleoanthropology
6729:Encyclopaedistics
6617:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6485:Secondary sources
6208:
6207:
6190:Oswald de Andrade
6027:Hans Robert Jauss
6002:E. D. Hirsch, Jr.
5898:John Crowe Ransom
5793:Stéphane Mallarmé
5763:Søren Kierkegaard
5583:Giambattista Vico
5373:Russian formalism
5338:Marxist criticism
5180:Library resources
5126:978-1-85065-494-0
5100:978-0-7456-1712-1
5020:978-0-8021-5083-7
4585:978-0-19-924990-9
4425:978-0-19-925184-1
4245:978-90-420-1959-1
4066:978-0-8135-3552-4
3893:978-0-230-55205-0
3848:Fischer-Tiné 2011
3836:Fischer-Tiné 2011
3756:Bhabha, 1994: 113
3747:, pp. 62–63.
3692:978-0-7190-7858-3
3477:Fischer-Tiné 2011
3445:978-0-415-09023-0
3420:978-0-8223-2521-5
3366:groups.google.com
3181:978-1-137-39404-0
3114:Robert J.C. Young
3064:Kimberlé Crenshaw
3005:Cross-culturalism
2910:from 1973 to 1979
2900:Chicana Diasporic
2819:978-0-7486-3602-0
2802:10.5070/B81110026
2760:On the Postcolony
2746:Gopal, Priyamvada
2741:Bordering Britain
2697:Cahiers du CEDREF
2676:Ankerl, G. 2000.
2460:Inventing Ireland
2395:Minh-ha, Trinh T.
2328:. Manohar books.
2316:('Eurocentrism').
2267:. London: Verso.
2219:Ngugi wa Thiong'o
2129:Abdulrazak Gurnah
2018:, by Frantz Fanon
1985:(aka Ho Chi Minh)
1932:'s death-titles (
1893:national identity
1855:Subaltern Studies
1470:(1965), with the
1467:The River Between
1446:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
1429:, the Kingdom of
1259:Dutch East Indies
1181:(1792–1822), and
1165:(1767–1835), and
1119:(106–43 BC), and
737:conscious of it.
653:Reviewing Said's
644:social constructs
616:is considered by
549:servile mentality
351:identity politics
338:Antigua Guatemala
282:cultural identity
229:is a reaction to
186:Christian thought
158:political science
110:subaltern peoples
16:(Redirected from
10805:
10745:
10744:
10735:
10734:
10687:Documentary film
10668:
10667:
10647:History journals
10613:
10612:
10586:
10458:
10394:Primacy of Peter
10341:Great Depression
10321:
10320:
10294:
10272:
10245:
10244:
10193:J. R. R. Tolkien
10048:
10047:
10043:
10031:
10019:
10001:Ulysses S. Grant
9996:Thomas Jefferson
9987:
9963:
9926:
9889:
9877:
9845:
9833:
9825:Chiang Ching-kuo
9815:Cato the Younger
9805:Amin al-Husseini
9783:
9782:
9772:
9771:
9751:
9750:
9734:War and genocide
9558:
9544:Résistancialisme
9531:Battle of France
9513:Nanjing Massacre
9367:
9366:
9248:
9247:
9244:
9208:
9158:
9040:
9023:
8996:
8995:
8923:Catharism debate
8909:pre-18th century
8891:Military history
8868:
8861:
8854:
8845:
8844:
8838:By war, conflict
8834:
8833:
8782:Cambridge School
8768:
8767:
8666:
8654:
8630:
8611:
8521:
8509:
8481:
8303:
8281:Historikerstreit
8251:
8239:
8227:
8208:
8194:Cordon sanitaire
8140:New Qing History
8128:Conquest dynasty
8119:
8034:Christianization
8017:
8016:
7936:
7849:
7837:
7825:
7803:
7791:
7783:Byzantine Empire
7638:Iquicha Royalism
7627:
7593:
7592:
7516:
7488:
7487:
7477:
7476:
7420:Age of Discovery
7409:Periodization of
7406:
7405:
7380:Transhistoricity
7375:Thirty-year rule
7286:
7274:
7231:
7230:
7220:
7219:
7200:Great Man theory
7163:People's history
7125:
7030:
7029:
7022:Three-age system
6984:
6983:
6684:Archival science
6636:
6635:
6623:
6622:
6490:Tertiary sources
6470:
6469:
6457:
6456:
6406:by area of study
6375:
6368:
6361:
6352:
6351:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6212:
6211:
6185:Yokomitsu Riichi
6155:J. Hillis Miller
6120:Geoffrey Hartman
6077:Elaine Showalter
6037:Raymond Williams
5997:Martin Heidegger
5987:Gaston Bachelard
5952:Jean-Paul Sartre
5937:Monroe Beardsley
5893:Georges Bataille
5873:Boris Eikhenbaum
5848:Viktor Shklovsky
5718:John Stuart Mill
5703:Giacomo Leopardi
5548:Pierre Corneille
5405:
5388:Source criticism
5260:
5253:
5246:
5237:
5236:
5168:
5166:
5160:. Archived from
5159:
5149:
5130:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5080:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5037:
5024:
5012:
5001:
4983:
4982:
4969:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4904:
4898:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4855:
4849:
4838:
4829:
4828:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4798:. London: Verso.
4791:
4785:
4764:." Pp. 94–98 in
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4733:
4724:
4723:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4515:
4514:
4480:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4453:10.2307/29735684
4445:The Irish Review
4436:
4430:
4429:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4212:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4163:
4157:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4123:Kumaraswamy 2006
4120:
4109:
4103:
4094:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4033:
4028:
4026:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4003:
3997:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3929:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3879:
3864:
3863:. Blackwell Pub.
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3733:
3732:
3724:
3718:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3678:
3672:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3576:E. San Juan, Jr.
3572:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3547:
3541:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3459:
3450:
3449:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3330:
3320:
3314:
3293:
3287:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3232:
3226:
3211:
3205:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3159:
2750:Insurgent Empire
2737:El-Enany, Nadine
2561:Parry, B. 1983.
2505:McClintock, Anne
2225:Cadwell Turnbull
2159:Michael Ondaatje
2111:Edwidge Danticat
2105:Giannina Braschi
1916:and critique of
1772:Northern Ireland
1679:Northern Ireland
1667:Irish Free State
1657:merged with the
1651:Irish Parliament
1638:
1600:'s seminal book
1540:Trinh T. Minh-ha
1499:French Indochina
1472:Mau Mau Uprising
1439:Kingdom of Kongo
1336:warned in 1961.
1149:(1672–1719) and
994:
844:
732:
691:
618:E. San Juan, Jr.
572:As postcolonial
486:post-colonialism
477:post-colonialism
469:post-colonialism
305:
221:, as the prefix
85:moral philosophy
21:
10813:
10812:
10808:
10807:
10806:
10804:
10803:
10802:
10778:Critical theory
10773:Postcolonialism
10763:
10762:
10761:
10752:
10751:
10718:
10673:
10658:
10618:
10599:
10582:
10565:
10556:
10452:
10360:
10336:Great Recession
10319:
10290:
10266:
10250:
10231:
10122:H. P. Lovecraft
10091:
10053:
10046:
10037:
10025:
10013:
9981:
9957:
9930:Muammar Gaddafi
9920:
9908:Leonid Brezhnev
9883:
9871:
9854:Gregory Palamas
9839:
9837:Chiang Kai Shek
9827:
9787:
9777:
9758:
9757:
9738:
9719:Conflict thesis
9707:
9671:
9561:
9552:
9519:
9483:
9413:
9365:
9327:
9293:Interwar period
9283:
9253:
9246:
9238:
9222:Schlieffen Plan
9202:
9163:
9152:
9067:
9034:
9017:
9002:
8991:
8985:
8969:Dorian invasion
8954:Fall of Babylon
8910:
8904:
8903:
8880:
8872:
8839:
8820:
8796:
8773:
8766:
8728:Kingdom of Alba
8709:
8702:
8669:
8660:
8648:
8646:Spanish decline
8624:
8605:
8560:
8515:
8503:
8484:
8475:
8441:
8382:
8347:
8333:Greater Magadha
8319:
8297:
8254:
8245:
8233:
8221:
8202:
8181:
8155:Four Barbarians
8113:
8087:
8015:
7972:Götaland theory
7940:Lusotropicalism
7930:
7911:North Macedonia
7843:
7831:
7819:
7797:
7785:
7725:
7704:Frontier thesis
7699:Cyclical theory
7682:Neoabolitionism
7658:
7621:
7591:
7553:
7530:Greater Morocco
7510:
7482:
7459:
7410:
7404:
7296:
7280:
7268:
7225:
7206:
7119:
7034:
7028:
7010:Historical eras
6991:
6970:
6805:
6702:Writing systems
6672:
6630:
6628:Fields of study
6609:
6603:Service records
6588:Religious texts
6494:
6480:Primary sources
6464:
6451:
6450:
6384:
6379:
6346:
6244:
6239:
6209:
6204:
6160:Clifford Geertz
6115:Jonathan Culler
6042:Lionel Trilling
6022:Michel Foucault
6012:Jacques Derrida
5888:Mikhail Bakhtin
5843:Walter Benjamin
5808:Antonio Gramsci
5803:Benedetto Croce
5748:Hippolyte Taine
5738:Edgar Allan Poe
5613:Joshua Reynolds
5406:
5397:
5348:New historicism
5275:Literary theory
5269:
5264:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5188:
5187:
5185:Postcolonialism
5183:
5176:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5146:
5127:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5079:(1, Article 5).
5061:
5059:
5057:
5021:
4991:
4989:Further reading
4986:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4958:
4954:
4946:
4942:
4919:
4915:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4879:
4875:
4856:
4852:
4839:
4832:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4807:
4803:
4792:
4788:
4759:
4755:
4746:
4744:
4734:
4727:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4694:(35–1): 21–37.
4684:
4680:
4667:
4663:
4636:
4632:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4564:
4560:
4539:
4535:
4530:. June 6, 2017.
4526:
4525:
4518:
4478:
4472:
4468:
4447:(13): 107–121.
4437:
4433:
4426:
4404:
4400:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4379:
4365:
4361:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4321:
4317:
4310:
4296:
4292:
4257:
4253:
4246:
4232:
4228:
4221:
4203:
4199:
4164:
4160:
4152:75(4):899–937.
4145:
4141:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4112:
4104:
4097:
4084:
4080:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4047:
4043:
4031:
4029:
4020:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4004:
4000:
3991:
3987:
3979:
3975:
3964:
3960:
3949:
3945:
3938:
3920:
3916:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3880:
3867:
3858:
3854:
3846:
3842:
3834:
3830:
3810:
3806:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3743:
3736:
3725:
3721:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3679:
3675:
3655:
3651:
3643:
3639:
3635:Said, 1978: 208
3634:
3630:
3615:
3611:
3603:
3599:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3559:
3548:
3544:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3487:
3483:
3475:
3471:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3386:
3379:
3370:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3344:
3333:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3294:
3290:
3278:
3274:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3233:
3229:
3212:
3208:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3074:Nation-building
3059:Lila Abu-Lughod
3028:Fatima Mernissi
3016:The Dogs of War
3000:Cultural cringe
2982:Anticolonialism
2967:
2959:Black Americans
2870:
2787:Mignolo, Walter
2755:Mbembe, Achille
2673:
2579:Quijano, Aníbal
2515:Mignolo, Walter
2478:Mannoni, Octave
2466:Lenin, Vladimir
2419:Hashmi, Alamgir
2356:Chatterjee, P.
2340:Bhabha, Homi K.
2314:L'eurocentrisme
2302:——, eds. 1998.
2287:——, eds. 1995.
2245:
2240:
2213:Nadine Gordimer
2189:Ousmane Sembene
2141:Jamaica Kincaid
2071:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1888:
1827:
1822:
1787:
1764:and survival."
1640:
1632:
1610:
1598:Ewa M. Thompson
1571:
1488:
1451:Weep Not, Child
1399:
1347:
1342:
1263:Tjalie Robinson
1239:literary theory
1235:
1076:
1049:
1025:
995:
987:
927:
911:, postcolonial
873:
845:
839:
743:
733:
723:
692:
690:(1978), p. 208.
686:
666:Michel Foucault
611:Cultural critic
608:
516:
511:
435:postcolonialism
422:postcolonialism
414:
330:
306:
300:
249:
235:postcolonialism
215:postcolonialism
199:postcolonialism
170:human geography
130:anthropological
122:
73:
65:Mahmood Mamdani
58:critical theory
38:Postcolonialism
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10811:
10801:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10783:Neocolonialism
10780:
10775:
10758:
10757:
10754:
10753:
10750:
10749:
10739:
10728:
10727:
10724:
10723:
10720:
10719:
10717:
10716:
10711:
10710:
10709:
10704:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10678:
10675:
10674:
10664:
10663:
10660:
10659:
10657:
10656:
10655:
10654:
10644:
10639:
10629:
10623:
10620:
10619:
10609:
10608:
10605:
10604:
10601:
10600:
10598:
10597:
10592:
10587:
10580:
10575:
10569:
10567:
10558:
10557:
10555:
10554:
10553:
10552:
10547:
10542:
10537:
10532:
10527:
10522:
10517:
10509:
10508:
10507:
10495:
10490:
10489:
10488:
10483:
10478:
10468:
10463:
10462:
10461:
10460:
10459:
10437:
10436:
10435:
10430:
10425:
10420:
10410:
10409:
10408:
10403:
10402:
10401:
10391:
10386:
10376:
10370:
10368:
10362:
10361:
10359:
10358:
10357:
10356:
10351:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10327:
10325:
10318:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10300:
10295:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10261:
10255:
10252:
10251:
10241:
10240:
10237:
10236:
10233:
10232:
10230:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10203:
10202:
10190:
10189:
10188:
10187:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10166:
10161:
10151:
10150:
10149:
10144:
10139:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10112:Charles Darwin
10109:
10103:
10101:
10097:
10096:
10093:
10092:
10090:
10089:
10084:
10082:United Kingdom
10079:
10074:
10072:Modern Germany
10069:
10064:
10058:
10056:
10045:
10044:
10032:
10020:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9991:Thomas Aquinas
9988:
9976:
9971:
9970:
9969:
9964:
9947:
9942:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9878:
9866:
9861:
9859:Horatio Nelson
9856:
9851:
9846:
9834:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9791:
9789:
9779:
9778:
9768:
9767:
9764:
9763:
9760:
9759:
9756:
9755:
9744:
9743:
9740:
9739:
9737:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9715:
9713:
9709:
9708:
9706:
9705:
9704:
9703:
9695:
9694:
9693:
9691:Responsibility
9688:
9679:
9677:
9673:
9672:
9670:
9669:
9668:
9667:
9659:
9658:
9657:
9647:
9642:
9641:
9640:
9632:
9631:
9630:
9622:
9617:
9616:
9615:
9607:
9606:
9605:
9603:New Historians
9600:
9595:
9581:
9575:
9573:
9567:
9566:
9563:
9562:
9560:
9559:
9547:
9540:
9533:
9527:
9525:
9521:
9520:
9518:
9517:
9516:
9515:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9491:
9489:
9485:
9484:
9482:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9469:Responsibility
9466:
9461:
9460:
9459:
9449:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9423:
9421:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9411:
9410:
9409:
9404:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9373:
9371:
9364:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9337:
9335:
9329:
9328:
9326:
9325:
9324:
9323:
9315:
9314:
9313:
9303:
9297:
9295:
9289:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9282:
9281:
9280:
9279:
9274:
9264:
9258:
9256:
9245:
9233:
9227:Spirit of 1914
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9197:
9187:
9184:Fischer thesis
9173:
9171:
9165:
9164:
9162:
9161:
9160:
9159:
9147:
9139:
9138:
9137:
9127:
9125:Paraguayan War
9122:
9121:
9120:
9110:
9105:
9104:
9103:
9098:
9090:
9089:
9088:
9083:
9072:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9065:
9064:
9063:
9058:
9051:Napoleonic era
9048:
9043:
9042:
9041:
9029:
9024:
9015:Pre-revolution
9006:
9004:
9000:Coalition Wars
8993:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8983:
8978:
8977:
8976:
8971:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8950:
8949:
8939:
8938:
8937:
8927:
8926:
8925:
8914:
8912:
8906:
8905:
8902:
8901:
8894:
8886:
8885:
8882:
8881:
8878:historiography
8871:
8870:
8863:
8856:
8848:
8841:
8840:
8830:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8818:
8812:
8810:
8806:
8805:
8802:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8795:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8778:
8776:
8765:
8764:
8759:
8758:
8757:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8730:
8720:
8714:
8712:
8704:
8703:
8701:
8700:
8699:
8698:
8696:Decline thesis
8693:
8686:Ottoman Empire
8683:
8677:
8675:
8671:
8670:
8668:
8667:
8655:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8632:
8631:
8612:
8600:
8595:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8568:
8566:
8562:
8561:
8559:
8558:
8557:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8536:
8535:
8534:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8513:Skeptic School
8498:
8496:Anti-Normanism
8492:
8490:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8482:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8453:Golden Liberty
8449:
8447:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8438:
8437:
8435:Neo-Bourbonism
8427:
8422:
8415:
8408:
8403:
8396:
8390:
8388:
8384:
8383:
8381:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8363:
8357:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8329:
8327:
8321:
8320:
8318:
8317:
8310:
8305:
8291:
8284:
8277:
8275:Borussian myth
8272:
8264:
8262:
8256:
8255:
8253:
8252:
8240:
8228:
8216:
8209:
8197:
8189:
8187:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8157:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8136:
8135:
8125:
8120:
8108:
8103:
8097:
8095:
8089:
8088:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8042:
8041:
8031:
8025:
8023:
8014:
8013:
8012:
8011:
8006:
7996:
7995:
7994:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7966:
7965:
7964:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7944:
7943:
7942:
7925:
7924:
7923:
7913:
7908:
7907:
7906:
7901:
7891:
7886:
7885:
7884:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7838:
7826:
7811:
7806:
7805:
7804:
7780:
7775:
7774:
7773:
7765:
7760:
7759:
7758:
7750:
7749:
7748:
7746:Dealbanisation
7737:
7735:
7731:
7730:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7723:
7718:
7717:
7716:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7690:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7668:
7666:
7660:
7659:
7657:
7656:
7655:
7654:
7642:
7641:
7640:
7630:
7629:
7628:
7616:
7610:May Revolution
7601:
7599:
7590:
7589:
7584:
7583:
7582:
7580:Staples thesis
7577:
7572:
7561:
7559:
7555:
7554:
7552:
7551:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7534:
7533:
7532:
7524:
7519:
7518:
7517:
7505:
7496:
7494:
7484:
7483:
7473:
7472:
7469:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7456:
7455:
7445:
7436:
7427:
7422:
7416:
7414:
7412:modern history
7403:
7402:
7395:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7358:
7356:Paradigm shift
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7310:
7304:
7302:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7294:
7289:
7288:
7287:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7237:
7235:
7227:
7226:
7216:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7208:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7203:
7202:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7153:
7143:
7142:
7141:
7131:
7126:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7083:
7082:
7072:
7067:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7049:
7042:Annales school
7038:
7036:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7019:
7012:
7002:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6980:
6979:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6968:
6967:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6955:
6954:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6914:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6905:Constitutional
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6881:
6880:
6868:
6867:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6841:
6828:
6823:
6813:
6811:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6781:Postage stamps
6778:
6773:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6709:
6704:
6695:
6680:
6678:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6659:
6658:
6648:
6642:
6640:
6632:
6631:
6619:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6578:Oral tradition
6575:
6574:
6573:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6476:
6474:
6466:
6465:
6453:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6441:
6434:
6427:
6419:
6418:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6390:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6382:Historiography
6378:
6377:
6370:
6363:
6355:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6238:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6215:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6100:Félix Guattari
6096:Gilles Deleuze
6093:
6091:Murray Krieger
6088:
6082:Sandra Gilbert
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6047:Julia Kristeva
6044:
6039:
6034:
6032:Georges Poulet
6029:
6024:
6019:
6017:Roland Barthes
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5992:Ernst Gombrich
5989:
5984:
5979:
5977:Roman Jakobson
5974:
5972:Theodor Adorno
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5947:Jan Mukařovský
5944:
5942:Cleanth Brooks
5939:
5930:
5928:Ernst Cassirer
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5903:R. P. Blackmur
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5883:I. A. Richards
5880:
5878:Virginia Woolf
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5858:Irving Babbitt
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5783:Anatole France
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5743:Matthew Arnold
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5713:Thomas Carlyle
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5598:Samuel Johnson
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5578:Joseph Addison
5575:
5573:Alexander Pope
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5538:Henry Reynolds
5535:
5530:
5528:Torquato Tasso
5525:
5523:Jacopo Mazzoni
5520:
5515:
5510:
5508:Wang Changling
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5488:Anandavardhana
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5308:Deconstruction
5305:
5300:
5295:
5293:Chicago school
5290:
5285:
5279:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5263:
5262:
5255:
5248:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5211:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:External links
5172:
5170:
5169:
5150:
5145:978-0394428147
5144:
5131:
5125:
5112:
5099:
5081:
5068:
5055:
5038:
5025:
5019:
5002:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4964:
4952:
4940:
4913:
4899:
4873:
4850:
4830:
4816:
4801:
4786:
4753:
4725:
4720:jacobinmag.com
4707:
4678:
4661:
4630:
4611:(3): 145–147.
4591:
4584:
4558:
4533:
4516:
4489:(1): 202–222.
4466:
4431:
4424:
4398:
4384:
4377:
4359:
4340:
4333:
4315:
4308:
4290:
4251:
4244:
4226:
4219:
4197:
4178:(1): 111–128.
4158:
4139:
4137:, p. 122.
4127:
4110:
4095:
4078:
4065:
4041:
4032:|journal=
3998:
3985:
3983:, p. 155.
3973:
3958:
3943:
3936:
3914:
3899:
3892:
3865:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3804:
3790:
3772:
3758:
3749:
3734:
3719:
3717:on 2011-07-06.
3698:
3691:
3673:
3649:
3637:
3628:
3609:
3597:
3567:
3552:"Frantz Fanon"
3542:
3520:Barkawi, Tarak
3512:
3493:
3491:, p. 250.
3481:
3469:
3451:
3444:
3426:
3419:
3399:
3390:, p. 561.
3377:
3353:
3331:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3288:
3272:
3254:
3227:
3206:
3187:
3180:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3109:Ranjit Hoskote
3106:
3101:
3099:Post-communism
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3012:
3010:Decolonization
3007:
3002:
2997:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2955:W.E.B. Du Bois
2951:
2945:
2931:
2921:
2914:Harlem Shadows
2911:
2906:Caucus of the
2897:
2896:and its empire
2887:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2842:
2835:Risam, Roopika
2832:
2825:Prine, Richard
2822:
2805:
2794:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2768:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2731:
2716:
2707:Dabashi, Hamid
2704:
2693:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2650:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2606:
2596:
2586:
2576:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2542:
2535:Mudimbe, V. Y.
2532:
2522:
2512:
2502:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2463:
2456:Kiberd, Declan
2453:
2446:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2392:
2379:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2337:
2317:
2307:
2300:
2285:
2276:
2256:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2177:Salman Rushdie
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2117:Buchi Emecheta
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2053:
2041:
2031:
2019:
2010:
1998:
1986:
1983:Nguyen Ai Quoc
1970:
1967:
1962:Main article:
1959:
1956:
1914:academic study
1887:
1884:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1786:
1783:
1748:recognised by
1745:Irish language
1721:
1720:
1717:European Union
1708:
1701:
1690:
1663:United Kingdom
1626:British Empire
1611:
1609:
1606:
1570:
1569:Eastern Europe
1567:
1487:
1484:
1423:Ashanti Empire
1398:
1395:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1293:Greater Russia
1234:
1231:
1151:Richard Glover
1147:Joseph Addison
1115:(384–322 BC),
1111:(427–327 BC),
1107:(436–338 BC),
1103:(440–380 BC),
1075:
1072:
1048:
1045:
1024:
1021:
1008:Tani E. Barlow
985:
955:Ramkinkar Baij
926:
923:
881:Homi K. Bhabha
872:
869:
855:social studies
850:self-criticism
837:
742:
739:
721:
684:
607:
604:
582:Vladimir Lenin
545:dehumanization
515:
512:
510:
507:
490:Mother Country
413:
410:
363:neocolonialism
329:
326:
298:
248:
245:
154:historiography
142:neocolonialism
121:
118:
105:
104:
100:
72:
69:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10810:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10770:
10768:
10748:
10740:
10738:
10730:
10729:
10725:
10715:
10712:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10699:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10679:
10676:
10669:
10665:
10653:
10650:
10649:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10637:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10624:
10621:
10614:
10610:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10585:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10573:Merton thesis
10571:
10570:
10568:
10563:
10559:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10525:Panbabylonism
10523:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10512:
10510:
10506:
10505:
10501:
10500:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10473:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10456:
10451:
10448:
10447:
10446:
10443:
10442:
10441:
10438:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10415:
10414:
10411:
10407:
10404:
10400:
10397:
10396:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10381:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10371:
10369:
10367:
10363:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10346:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10328:
10326:
10322:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10305:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10293:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10270:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10256:
10253:
10246:
10242:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10201:
10200:
10196:
10195:
10194:
10191:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10171:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10156:
10155:
10152:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10134:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10104:
10102:
10098:
10088:
10087:United States
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10059:
10057:
10055:
10049:
10041:
10036:
10033:
10029:
10024:
10021:
10017:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9985:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9968:
9967:Bolivarianism
9965:
9961:
9956:
9953:
9952:
9951:
9950:Simon Bolivar
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9924:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9887:
9882:
9881:Joseph Stalin
9879:
9875:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9843:
9838:
9835:
9831:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9792:
9790:
9784:
9780:
9773:
9769:
9754:
9746:
9745:
9741:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9716:
9714:
9710:
9702:
9699:
9698:
9696:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9683:
9681:
9680:
9678:
9676:Post-Cold War
9674:
9666:
9663:
9662:
9660:
9656:
9653:
9652:
9651:
9650:Falklands War
9648:
9646:
9645:Iran–Iraq War
9643:
9639:
9636:
9635:
9633:
9629:
9626:
9625:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9614:
9611:
9610:
9608:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9593:Ongoing Nakba
9590:
9587:
9586:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9576:
9574:
9572:
9568:
9556:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9545:
9541:
9539:
9538:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9528:
9526:
9524:Western Front
9522:
9514:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9506:
9505:Bengal famine
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9486:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9458:
9455:
9454:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9444:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9424:
9422:
9420:
9419:The Holocaust
9416:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9399:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9374:
9372:
9370:Eastern Front
9368:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9338:
9336:
9334:
9330:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9312:
9309:
9308:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9298:
9296:
9294:
9290:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9269:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9259:
9257:
9255:
9249:
9242:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9206:
9201:
9198:
9195:
9191:
9188:
9185:
9181:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9170:
9166:
9156:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9142:
9140:
9136:
9133:
9132:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9119:
9116:
9115:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9102:
9101:Paris Commune
9099:
9097:
9094:
9093:
9091:
9087:
9086:Turning point
9084:
9082:
9079:
9078:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9053:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9038:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9021:
9016:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9008:
9007:
9005:
9001:
8997:
8994:
8990:18th and 19th
8988:
8982:
8979:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8966:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8948:
8945:
8944:
8943:
8940:
8936:
8935:Islamic views
8933:
8932:
8931:
8928:
8924:
8921:
8920:
8919:
8916:
8915:
8913:
8907:
8900:
8899:
8895:
8893:
8892:
8888:
8887:
8883:
8879:
8876:
8869:
8864:
8862:
8857:
8855:
8850:
8849:
8846:
8842:
8835:
8831:
8817:
8814:
8813:
8811:
8807:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8779:
8777:
8775:
8769:
8763:
8760:
8756:
8753:
8752:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8715:
8713:
8711:
8705:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8688:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8678:
8676:
8672:
8664:
8659:
8658:Ser de España
8656:
8652:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8628:
8623:
8620:
8619:
8618:
8617:
8613:
8609:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8593:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8573:
8570:
8569:
8567:
8563:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8541:
8540:
8537:
8533:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8525:
8519:
8514:
8511:
8510:
8507:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8487:
8479:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8444:
8436:
8433:
8432:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8420:
8416:
8414:
8413:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8401:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8385:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8368:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8354:
8350:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8326:
8322:
8316:
8315:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8296:
8292:
8290:
8289:
8285:
8283:
8282:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8270:
8266:
8265:
8263:
8261:
8257:
8249:
8244:
8241:
8237:
8232:
8229:
8225:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8214:
8210:
8206:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8195:
8191:
8190:
8188:
8184:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8152:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8134:
8131:
8130:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8117:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8094:
8090:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8076:Ottoman claim
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8063:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8056:Prosopography
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8040:
8037:
8036:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8022:
8018:
8010:
8009:Trưng sisters
8007:
8005:
8004:
8000:
7999:
7997:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7958:
7955:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7945:
7941:
7938:
7937:
7934:
7929:
7926:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7883:
7880:
7879:
7877:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7868:
7865:
7861:
7860:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7847:
7842:
7839:
7835:
7830:
7827:
7823:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7801:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7789:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7757:
7756:Habsburg myth
7754:
7753:
7751:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7732:
7722:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7670:
7669:
7667:
7665:
7664:United States
7661:
7653:
7652:
7648:
7647:
7646:
7643:
7639:
7636:
7635:
7634:
7631:
7625:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7606:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7598:
7597:Latin America
7594:
7588:
7585:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7556:
7550:
7549:
7545:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7514:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7493:
7489:
7485:
7478:
7474:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7407:
7401:
7400:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7388:
7387:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7369:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7363:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7299:
7293:
7290:
7284:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7272:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7232:
7228:
7221:
7217:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7190:Transnational
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7144:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7123:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7081:
7080:Decoloniality
7078:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7062:
7061:Historiometry
7059:
7055:
7054:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7031:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7006:
7005:Periodization
7003:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6994:
6990:
6985:
6981:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6915:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6879:
6878:
6874:
6873:
6872:
6869:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6836:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6808:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6791:Sigillography
6789:
6787:
6786:Prosopography
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6699:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6663:Local history
6661:
6657:
6656:Human history
6654:
6653:
6652:
6651:World history
6649:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6624:
6620:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6458:
6454:
6447:
6446:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6392:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6376:
6371:
6369:
6364:
6362:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6320:Psychohistory
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6273:Environmental
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6236:
6231:
6229:
6224:
6222:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6170:Tristan Tzara
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6125:Wolfgang Iser
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6110:Hélène Cixous
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6062:Chinua Achebe
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5982:Northrop Frye
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5933:W. K. Wimsatt
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5923:Kenneth Burke
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5913:György Lukács
5911:
5909:
5908:Jacques Lacan
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5823:Sigmund Freud
5821:
5819:
5818:A. C. Bradley
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5633:William Blake
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:Immanuel Kant
5621:
5619:
5618:Denis Diderot
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5543:Thomas Hobbes
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5533:Francis Bacon
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5518:Philip Sidney
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5443:St. Augustine
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5404:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5343:New Criticism
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5261:
5256:
5254:
5249:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5163:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5141:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5118:
5113:
5102:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5069:
5058:
5056:0-8020-5914-7
5052:
5048:
5044:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5011:
5010:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4993:
4981:. 2012-03-21.
4980:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4961:
4956:
4949:
4944:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4909:
4903:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4835:
4827:. jacobinmag.
4826:
4820:
4812:
4805:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4743:
4739:
4732:
4730:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4702:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4674:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4634:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4587:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4537:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4427:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4402:
4394:
4388:
4380:
4378:9780415625890
4374:
4370:
4363:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4336:
4334:9781580469784
4330:
4326:
4319:
4311:
4309:9789189315723
4305:
4301:
4294:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4247:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4220:9780313313110
4216:
4211:
4210:
4201:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4131:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4107:
4102:
4100:
4093:. pp. 86–123.
4092:
4088:
4082:
4068:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4045:
4037:
4024:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3989:
3982:
3977:
3969:
3962:
3954:
3953:Sur l'Algérie
3947:
3939:
3937:9780300024807
3933:
3928:
3927:
3918:
3910:
3903:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3862:
3856:
3849:
3844:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3800:
3794:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3768:
3762:
3753:
3746:
3741:
3739:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3694:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3669:0-04-440911-7
3666:
3662:
3658:
3657:Kabbani, Rana
3653:
3646:
3641:
3632:
3624:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3557:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3508:
3502:
3497:
3490:
3485:
3478:
3473:
3465:
3458:
3456:
3447:
3441:
3438:. Routledge.
3437:
3430:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3349:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:Penguin Books
3298:
3292:
3286:. pp. 418–19.
3285:
3281:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3243:. Masood Raja
3242:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3223:0-203-93347-8
3220:
3216:
3210:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:Chinua Achebe
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2942:Asian British
2939:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2928:Passamaquoddy
2925:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2728:0-472-06736-2
2725:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:2-88155-004-5
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2376:0-231-11273-4
2373:
2369:
2365:
2364:Gandhi, Leela
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2334:90-04-09943-3
2331:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:0-415-09621-9
2294:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2274:
2273:0-86091-329-5
2270:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2232:
2231:Derek Walcott
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2165:Arundhati Roy
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2147:Jhumpa Lahiri
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:Ama Ata Aidoo
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2081:Chinua Achebe
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2039:Kwame Nkrumah
2036:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1908:In his essay
1906:
1902:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:Enlightenment
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1839:. Drawing on
1838:
1837:
1832:
1831:Vivek Chibber
1817:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1802:colonization.
1799:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1480:individualism
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:Russification
1286:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1273:J. M. Coetzee
1270:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:Indo-European
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1185:(1795–1821).
1184:
1180:
1177:(1772–1834),
1176:
1173:(1788–1824),
1172:
1169:(1749–1832),
1168:
1164:
1161:(1717–1768),
1160:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:Derek Gregory
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
992:
991:
984:
979:
977:
973:
967:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
947:Nandalal Bose
944:
940:
936:
935:R. Siva Kumar
932:
922:
920:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
893:Islamic World
890:
886:
882:
878:
868:
866:
861:
856:
851:
842:
836:
831:
829:
825:
820:
819:King of Spain
815:
812:
807:
805:
800:
796:
794:
793:
788:
787:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
756:
754:
750:
749:
738:
730:
726:
720:
716:
714:
709:
705:
703:
699:
689:
683:
678:
676:
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
651:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:
623:
619:
615:
612:
603:
600:
599:total project
596:
595:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
567:
562:
558:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
531:
527:
523:
522:
506:
504:
499:
495:
491:
487:
481:
478:
474:
470:
464:
462:
454:
450:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
419:
416:As a term in
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
339:
334:
325:
323:
322:
317:
312:
303:
297:
295:
291:
285:
283:
278:
274:
270:
265:
258:
253:
244:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
227:postmodernism
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
117:
115:
111:
101:
98:
94:
93:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
68:
66:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
10502:
10304:The Simpsons
10302:
10249:Other topics
10197:
10174:Christianity
10164:Resurrection
9795:Adolf Hitler
9624:Six-Day War
9620:Algerian War
9591: /
9550:Vichy France
9542:
9535:
9445: /
9333:World War II
9229: /
8896:
8889:
8691:Ghaza thesis
8614:
8590:
8576:White legend
8574: /
8572:Black legend
8527:Soviet Union
8417:
8410:
8398:
8361:Great Famine
8338:Indocentrism
8312:
8293:
8286:
8279:
8267:
8213:Grand Siècle
8211:
8192:
8160:Sinocentrism
8021:Ancient Rome
8001:
7859:Aryan Kartli
7857:
7649:
7612: /
7546:
7443:19th century
7441: /
7432: /
7397:
7390:
7389: /
7384:
7360:
7334: /
7308:Black legend
7266:Historiology
7063: /
7051:
7014:
6952:Quantitative
6875:
6871:Intellectual
6837: /
6833: /
6819: /
6817:Anthropology
6771:Phaleristics
6764:preservation
6759:Oral history
6700: /
6686: /
6668:Microhistory
6443:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6413:
6404: /
6400:
6393:
6305:Postcolonial
6304:
6300:Microhistory
6295:Macrohistory
6175:André Breton
6150:M. H. Abrams
6145:Peter Szondi
6140:Paul Ricoeur
6130:Hayden White
6067:Stanley Fish
6057:Harold Bloom
6007:Noam Chomsky
5962:Ronald Crane
5868:Leon Trotsky
5773:Walter Pater
5603:Edward Young
5588:Edmund Burke
5478:Rajashekhara
5473:Bharata Muni
5393:Thing theory
5358:Postcritique
5352:
5333:Geocriticism
5318:Ecocriticism
5184:
5162:the original
5135:
5116:
5104:. Retrieved
5089:
5085:Quayson, Ato
5076:
5072:
5060:. Retrieved
5046:
5033:
5008:
4997:
4978:The Atlantic
4976:
4967:
4962:, p. 3.
4960:Quayson 2000
4955:
4950:, p. 4.
4948:Quayson 2000
4943:
4928:
4927:" (speech).
4921:Guevara, Che
4916:
4902:
4885:
4876:
4867:
4863:
4853:
4841:
4819:
4810:
4804:
4795:
4789:
4776:, G. Pratt,
4765:
4756:
4745:. Retrieved
4741:
4719:
4710:
4691:
4681:
4671:
4664:
4650:(3): 63–77.
4647:
4643:
4633:
4608:
4604:
4594:
4561:
4543:
4536:
4486:
4482:
4469:
4444:
4434:
4401:
4387:
4368:
4362:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4324:
4318:
4299:
4293:
4268:
4264:
4254:
4235:
4229:
4208:
4200:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4147:
4142:
4130:
4125:, p. 1.
4086:
4081:
4070:. Retrieved
4051:
4044:
4023:cite journal
4012:. Retrieved
4001:
3993:
3988:
3976:
3967:
3961:
3952:
3946:
3925:
3917:
3909:The Politics
3908:
3902:
3883:
3860:
3855:
3843:
3831:
3807:
3793:
3784:
3775:
3761:
3752:
3728:
3722:
3710:
3701:
3682:
3676:
3660:
3652:
3640:
3631:
3625:(4): 183–86.
3622:
3618:
3612:
3600:
3590:– via
3587:
3583:
3570:
3560:, retrieved
3555:
3545:
3528:, edited by
3523:
3515:
3496:
3484:
3472:
3463:
3435:
3429:
3409:
3402:
3369:. Retrieved
3365:
3356:
3347:
3326:
3323:Saïd, Edward
3318:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3280:Saïd, Edward
3275:
3266:
3257:
3245:. Retrieved
3240:
3230:
3214:
3209:
3199:
3190:
3163:
3157:
3138:The Atlantic
3137:
3119:Saba Mahmood
3104:Ranajit Guha
3079:Paulo Freire
3032:
3014:
2991:
2972:Ali Shariati
2918:Claude McKay
2881:
2871:
2860:
2853:. Routledge.
2848:
2838:
2828:
2808:
2790:
2778:
2771:
2758:
2749:
2740:
2719:
2710:
2700:
2696:
2677:
2663:
2656:
2644:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2602:
2599:Said, Edward
2592:
2582:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2545:Narayan, Uma
2538:
2528:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2491:
2488:Nandy, Ashis
2481:
2469:
2459:
2449:
2442:
2432:
2422:
2413:
2398:
2385:
2382:Guevara, Che
2367:
2357:
2353:. Routledge.
2350:
2343:
2323:
2313:
2303:
2288:
2279:
2262:
2252:
2207:Wole Soyinka
2195:Bapsi Sidhwa
2135:Mohsin Hamid
2123:Amitav Ghosh
2056:
2044:
2035:Consciencism
2034:
2029:Albert Memmi
2022:
2013:
2008:Frantz Fanon
2001:
1996:Aimé Césaire
1989:
1978:
1972:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1889:
1876:essentialism
1851:Sumit Sarkar
1844:
1834:
1828:
1808:
1807:
1788:
1776:
1768:The Troubles
1766:
1750:Seamus Deane
1742:
1724:
1722:
1694:Gaelic Irish
1683:northwestern
1682:
1641:
1634:
1633:Joe Cleary,
1631:
1613:
1601:
1595:
1589:, and later
1572:
1560:
1545:Reassemblage
1543:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1497:
1476:
1465:
1459:
1456:East African
1449:
1443:
1427:Benin Empire
1420:
1415:mercantilist
1408:
1391:
1386:
1380:Larbi Sadiki
1375:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1348:
1334:Frantz Fanon
1326:nation-state
1314:parochialism
1311:
1308:
1297:
1277:
1266:
1251:
1236:
1227:palimpsestic
1223:
1208:
1203:
1191:
1187:
1155:
1140:
1133:The Politics
1131:
1125:
1095:
1093:
1085:Ernest Renan
1077:
1055:
1050:
1028:
1026:
1015:
1011:
1003:
997:
988:
981:
975:
969:
964:
928:
916:
909:reductionism
903:," and the "
901:Second World
876:
874:
847:
840:
833:
816:
810:
808:
803:
799:Essentialism
798:
797:
790:
786:essentialism
784:
782:
768:
760:
758:
746:
744:
735:
731:(1994), p. 6
728:
725:Rana Kabbani
718:
712:
710:
706:
697:
694:
687:
680:
663:
654:
652:
648:
639:
626:
609:
598:
592:
590:
571:
564:
553:
533:Frantz Fanon
526:psychiatrist
519:
517:
503:Independence
485:
483:
480:imperialism.
476:
473:teleological
468:
466:
460:
458:
434:
431:postcolonial
430:
421:
415:
406:
396:," and the "
371:
343:
319:
308:
301:
293:
289:
287:
272:
269:Ernest Renan
262:
256:
240:
239:
234:
222:
214:
202:
198:
193:
192:
190:
127:
123:
106:
103:'colonized'.
77:epistemology
74:
62:
54:exploitation
41:
37:
36:
10692:Hagiography
10453: [
10413:Early Islam
10267: [
10159:Historicity
10137:Historicity
10127:Jane Austen
10107:The Beatles
10077:Netherlands
10038: [
10035:Zhuge Liang
10026: [
10014: [
10011:Yuan Shikai
9982: [
9979:Sun Yat Tse
9958: [
9921: [
9884: [
9872: [
9869:Jiang Zemin
9840: [
9828: [
9820:Che Guevara
9553: [
9488:Pacific War
9272:Article 231
9262:Reparations
9239: [
9203: [
9180:Color books
9169:World War I
9153: [
9130:War of 1812
9035: [
9018: [
9003:(1792–1815)
8974:Sea Peoples
8959:Gallic Wars
8661: [
8649: [
8636:Revisionist
8625: [
8616:Reconquista
8606: [
8598:Inquisition
8592:Convivencia
8516: [
8504: [
8476: [
8373:Revisionism
8298: [
8246: [
8234: [
8222: [
8203: [
8145:Golden ages
8114: [
8111:Wunu School
8106:Archaeology
7979:Switzerland
7962:Kosovo Myth
7950:Great Union
7931: [
7916:Philippines
7899:Nationalist
7872:Ages of Man
7844: [
7832: [
7820: [
7798: [
7786: [
7622: [
7619:Revisionist
7511: [
7448:Renaissance
7313:Coloniality
7281: [
7269: [
7261:Historicity
7185:Revisionist
7175:Pop history
7146:Nationalist
7120: [
7065:Cliometrics
7033:Approaches,
6989:Methodology
6885:Linguistics
6835:Environment
6801:Vexillology
6724:Diplomatics
6707:Chorography
6646:Big History
6598:War diaries
6571:Illuminated
6566:Manuscripts
6551:Hieroglyphs
6431:historicity
6342:Big History
6283:Historicism
6200:Octavio Paz
6105:René Girard
6086:Susan Gubar
6072:Edward Said
6052:Paul de Man
5918:Paul Valéry
5853:T. S. Eliot
5838:T. E. Hulme
5813:Umberto Eco
5798:Leo Tolstoy
5788:Oscar Wilde
5568:John Dennis
5553:John Dryden
5136:Orientalism
5106:22 November
5062:14 November
4881:Ho Chi Minh
4846:I.B. Tauris
4782:S. Whatmore
4774:R. Johnston
4762:colonialism
4356:(1): 13–25.
4271:: 113–116.
4135:Sadiki 2004
4106:Sadiki 2004
4091:I.B. Tauris
3850:, # 10, 11.
3745:Spivak 1990
3049:Leila Ahmed
3037:(1975), by
2987:Audre Lorde
2977:Amina Wadud
2310:Amin, Samir
2233:(1930–2017)
2215:(1923–2014)
2201:Zadie Smith
2191:(1923–2007)
2185:(1923–1994)
2173:(1890–1979)
2119:(1944–2018)
2101:(1929–1981)
2095:(1940–2023)
2083:(1930–2013)
2051:Edward Said
2046:Orientalism
1922:Edward Said
1918:colonialism
1880:orientalism
1872:Eurocentric
1846:Orientalism
1841:Aijaz Ahmad
1550:deconstruct
1530:Ho Chi Minh
1511:Cochinchina
1464:(1986). In
1345:Middle East
1340:Application
1322:patriarchal
1318:demagoguery
1060:geopolitics
1041:Eurocentric
1035:charts the
1000:Paul Gilroy
905:Third World
897:First World
891:" and the "
889:Christendom
713:Orientalism
698:homogeneous
688:Orientalism
659:A. Madhavan
655:Orientalism
640:orientalism
634:" and the "
627:Orientalism
622:orientalism
614:Edward Said
537:colonialism
530:philosopher
494:neocolonial
439:decolonized
402:Third World
394:Christendom
390:First World
382:Third World
378:homogeneity
374:neocolonial
277:stewardship
264:Colonialism
233:; the term
203:colonialism
89:decolonized
50:imperialism
46:colonialism
10767:Categories
10747:Multimedia
10566:Technology
10530:Urreligion
10433:Kharijites
10384:Background
10052:Historical
10023:Zhou Enlai
9918:Mao Zedong
9913:Louis Riel
9686:Background
9537:Guilty Men
9479:Uniqueness
9402:Background
9397:Winter War
9321:Background
9254:Versailles
9108:Great Game
8755:Ricardians
8750:Tudor myth
8468:Partitions
8061:Succession
7351:Narratives
7336:Presentism
7292:Philosophy
7112:Humanistic
7000:Case study
6932:Indigenous
6910:Diplomatic
6854:Capitalism
6754:Onomastics
6712:Chronology
6541:Facsimiles
6526:Chronicles
6424:historians
6395:Historians
6315:Postmodern
6258:Conceptual
5778:Émile Zola
5673:John Keats
5593:David Hume
5563:John Locke
4923:. 2005. "
4895:B01N33WV86
4870:(1): 1–12.
4844:. Bodmin:
4778:M. J.Watts
4770:D. Gregory
4747:2016-02-10
4553:10395/2076
4089:. Bodmin:
4072:2016-02-23
4014:2016-02-23
3562:2020-08-30
3501:Fanon 1961
3489:Fanon 1963
3371:2024-05-25
3150:References
3129:Talal Asad
2944:literature
2680:. Geneva:
2671:After 2000
2183:Sam Selvon
2099:Mariama Ba
1948:discipline
1870:values as
1794:World Bank
1271:(1980) by
1183:John Keats
1171:Lord Byron
1080:capitalist
976:modernisms
943:Indian art
586:capitalism
498:legalistic
294:ver sacrum
211:world view
182:literature
162:philosophy
146:narratives
120:Approaches
10535:Perennial
10324:Economics
10276:Feudalism
10062:Australia
9810:Aurangzeb
9786:Political
9776:By person
9457:Pius Wars
9252:Treaty of
8911:conflicts
8718:Poor Laws
8581:Hispanism
8458:Sarmatism
8288:Sonderweg
8046:Expansion
7771:Litvinism
7605:Argentina
7439:Long 18th
7322:Dark Ages
7102:Historism
6900:Political
6839:Geography
6776:Philology
6739:Genealogy
6734:Epigraphy
6677:By source
6516:Artifacts
5863:Carl Jung
5758:Karl Marx
5463:Boccaccio
5423:Aristotle
5328:Formalism
4796:In Theory
4625:144238619
4511:166137125
4285:161462559
4192:233321293
3825:131768551
3815:. 2011. "
3785:The Hindu
3645:Said 1978
3605:Said 1978
3530:J. Baylis
3479:, § Lead.
3329:. p. 574.
3201:Parrhesia
3134:Teju Cole
3069:Kecia Ali
3023:Ethnology
2662:—— 1995.
2633:—— 1999.
2626:—— 1990.
2619:—— 1988.
2554:—— 1997.
2497:—— 1987.
2412:—— 1989.
2391:. Havana.
2261:. 1991.
2171:Jean Rhys
1952:Palestine
1820:Criticism
1758:modernity
1557:hegemonic
1211:heuristic
1128:Aristotle
1113:Aristotle
1105:Isocrates
1064:Palestine
1037:subaltern
972:modernism
918:hybridity
769:subaltern
761:subaltern
748:subaltern
702:The Other
484:The term
467:The term
443:hybridity
367:the other
355:subaltern
311:racialist
231:modernism
178:anarchism
166:sociology
81:knowledge
10737:Category
10652:template
10366:Religion
10217:Socrates
10132:Muhammed
10054:rankings
9935:Napoleon
9753:Category
9571:Cold War
9474:Slovakia
9061:Waterloo
8930:Crusades
8875:Military
8723:Scotland
8681:Kemalist
8003:Nam tiến
7998:Vietnam
7988:Ukraine
7946:Romania
7928:Portugal
7854:Georgia
7829:Medieval
7778:Bulgaria
7767:Belarus
7752:Austria
7558:Americas
7526:Morocco
7522:Ethiopia
7301:Specific
7224:Concepts
7129:Leninist
7087:Feminist
7075:Critical
6922:Feminism
6895:Military
6849:Business
6844:Economic
6826:Cultural
6810:By topic
6796:Toponymy
6744:Heraldry
6692:template
6639:By scale
6561:Logbooks
6546:Features
6511:Archives
6310:Politics
6268:Economic
6263:Cultural
6180:Mina Loy
5448:Boethius
5438:Plotinus
5433:Longinus
5087:(2000).
4656:20557531
4461:29735684
3715:original
3659:. 1994.
3534:P. Owens
3204:30:1–17.
2965:See also
2837:. 2018.
2827:. 2014.
2789:. 2005.
2757:. 2000.
2748:. 2019.
2739:. 2020.
2709:. 2007.
2643:. 1986.
2611:. 1988.
2601:. 1993.
2547:. 1997.
2527:. 1986.
2517:. 1999.
2490:. 1983.
2468:. 1916.
2458:. 1995.
2441:. 1986.
2421:. 1998.
2366:. 1998.
2312:. 1988.
2251:. 1977.
2243:Pre-2000
2153:Ben Okri
1762:progress
1583:Austrian
1579:Prussian
1515:Cambodia
1378:(2004),
1245:and the
1143:Voltaire
1031:(2000),
986:—
885:integral
838:—
722:—
700:form of
685:—
657:(1978),
632:Occident
524:(1961),
427:critical
388:," the "
299:—
207:ideology
174:feminism
10672:Related
10562:Science
10207:Madonna
10179:Judaism
10142:Judaism
9974:Saladin
9864:Hypatia
9788:leaders
9712:Related
9665:Origins
9628:Origins
9579:Origins
9135:Origins
9081:Origins
8947:Origins
8809:Oceania
8772:British
8710:Kingdom
8353:Ireland
8260:Germany
7968:Sweden
7841:New Age
7817:Ancient
7813:Europe
7809:Croatia
7741:Albania
7734:Eurasia
7536:Rwanda
7234:General
7134:Marxist
7035:schools
6864:Thought
6831:Ecology
6593:Scrolls
6531:Codices
6499:Sources
6438:history
6415:History
6337:History
6290:Marxist
6253:Annales
6195:Hu Shih
5503:Liu Xie
5483:Valmiki
5453:Aquinas
4491:Bibcode
4156:. 2008.
4059:Press.
3267:inst.at
3247:16 July
2904:Chicana
2227:(1987–)
2221:(1938–)
2209:(1934–)
2203:(1975–)
2197:(1938–)
2179:(1947–)
2167:(1961–)
2161:(1943–)
2155:(1959–)
2149:(1967–)
2143:(1949–)
2137:(1971–)
2131:(1948–)
2125:(1956–)
2113:(1969–)
2107:(1953–)
2089:(1977–)
2077:(1959–)
1926:Barthes
1778:Jacobin
1733:Gilbert
1729:Raleigh
1643:Ireland
1621:settler
1608:Ireland
1587:Russian
1435:Buganda
1431:Dahomey
1198:Algeria
1121:Sallust
937:at the
10298:Salons
10100:Others
10067:Canada
9701:Causes
9638:Causes
9613:Causes
9407:Spirit
9341:Causes
9311:Causes
9176:Causes
9145:Causes
9118:Causes
9096:Causes
9027:Causes
8774:Empire
8708:United
8674:Turkey
8489:Russia
8463:Deluge
8446:Poland
8186:France
7984:Taiwan
7957:Serbia
7763:Balhae
7614:Causes
7565:Canada
7499:Egypt
7492:Africa
7016:Tarikh
6937:Labour
6927:Gender
6917:Social
6717:dating
6583:Papyri
6506:Annals
6325:Social
6278:Gender
5493:Cao Pi
5428:Horace
5182:about
5142:
5123:
5097:
5053:
5017:
4893:
4780:, and
4654:
4623:
4582:
4509:
4459:
4422:
4375:
4331:
4306:
4283:
4242:
4217:
4190:
4063:
3934:
3890:
3838:, # 9.
3823:
3689:
3667:
3442:
3417:
3221:
3178:
2930:people
2859:2001.
2817:
2777:2010.
2726:
2688:
2655:1990.
2537:1988.
2431:1983.
2397:1989.
2374:
2342:1994.
2332:
2322:2005.
2295:
2271:
2055:1988.
2043:1978.
2033:1970.
2021:1965.
2012:1961.
2000:1952.
1988:1950.
1977:1924.
1930:Spivak
1928:' and
1735:, and
1637:(2012)
1591:Soviet
1523:Saigon
1517:, and
1503:Tonkin
1448:wrote
1433:, the
1425:, the
1397:Africa
1388:phase.
1167:Goethe
1117:Cicero
1101:Lysias
993:, 1997
957:, and
913:praxis
860:mimics
843:(2009)
828:sexism
636:Orient
574:praxis
557:psyche
184:, and
168:, and
75:As an
40:(also
10545:Roman
10457:]
10271:]
10184:Islam
10154:Jesus
10042:]
10030:]
10018:]
9986:]
9962:]
9925:]
9888:]
9876:]
9844:]
9832:]
9557:]
9447:Nakba
9243:]
9207:]
9157:]
9039:]
9022:]
8665:]
8653:]
8629:]
8610:]
8565:Spain
8520:]
8508:]
8480:]
8387:Italy
8325:India
8302:]
8250:]
8238:]
8226:]
8207:]
8118:]
8093:China
7935:]
7894:Korea
7889:Japan
7878:Iran
7867:Greek
7848:]
7836:]
7824:]
7802:]
7795:Early
7790:]
7651:Casta
7626:]
7548:Maafa
7515:]
7285:]
7273:]
7124:]
6964:Women
6959:Urban
6947:Rural
6942:LGBTQ
6698:Books
6536:Deeds
6473:Types
5498:Lu Ji
5458:Dante
5418:Plato
5165:(PDF)
5158:(PDF)
4929:19th
4652:JSTOR
4621:S2CID
4507:S2CID
4479:(PDF)
4457:JSTOR
4281:S2CID
4188:S2CID
3821:S2CID
2993:Burn!
2938:Black
2894:Japan
2386:19th
2061:, by
2049:, by
2037:, by
2027:, by
2006:, by
1994:, by
1737:Drake
1507:Annam
1237:As a
1219:Renan
1109:Plato
398:Ummah
386:Arabs
223:post-
10636:list
9231:1917
8243:Lyon
7714:Eras
7633:Peru
7368:list
7315:and
7195:Whig
6402:list
6098:and
6084:and
5935:and
5140:ISBN
5121:ISBN
5108:2011
5095:ISBN
5064:2011
5051:ISBN
5015:ISBN
4891:ASIN
4580:ISBN
4420:ISBN
4373:ISBN
4329:ISBN
4304:ISBN
4240:ISBN
4215:ISBN
4172:PMLA
4061:ISBN
4036:help
3932:ISBN
3888:ISBN
3687:ISBN
3665:ISBN
3540:–35.
3507:help
3440:ISBN
3415:ISBN
3394:help
3249:2019
3219:ISBN
3176:ISBN
2940:and
2815:ISBN
2724:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2372:ISBN
2330:ISBN
2293:ISBN
2269:ISBN
1938:and
1864:West
1862:and
1860:East
1849:and
1796:and
1703:the
1573:The
1554:male
1519:Laos
1486:Asia
1192:For
1087:and
1006:and
899:," "
895:", "
789:and
759:...
528:and
433:and
392:," "
48:and
7362:Pax
4696:doi
4613:doi
4572:doi
4549:hdl
4499:doi
4487:109
4449:doi
4412:doi
4273:doi
4180:doi
4176:116
4149:ELH
3819:."
3709:."
3538:231
3198:."
3168:doi
2798:doi
2699:on
2571:. "
1944:the
1798:IMF
1094:In
1027:In
1010:'s
1002:'s
875:In
711:In
518:In
492:'s
459:In
369:'.
271:in
255:In
209:or
10769::
10455:it
10269:pt
10040:zh
10028:zh
10016:zh
9984:zh
9960:es
9923:zh
9886:ru
9874:zh
9842:zh
9830:zh
9555:fr
9241:ru
9205:fr
9182:/
9155:es
9037:ru
9020:fr
8663:es
8651:es
8627:es
8608:es
8518:ru
8506:ru
8478:pl
8300:de
8248:fr
8236:fr
8224:fr
8205:fr
8116:zh
7933:pt
7846:ru
7834:ru
7822:ru
7800:ru
7788:de
7624:es
7513:es
7283:de
7271:es
7122:pt
5077:10
5075:.
5032:.
4975:.
4934:.
4866:.
4862:.
4833:^
4772:,
4740:.
4728:^
4718:.
4690:.
4646:.
4642:.
4619:.
4607:.
4603:.
4578:.
4519:^
4505:.
4497:.
4485:.
4481:.
4455:.
4443:.
4418:.
4352:.
4279:.
4269:48
4267:.
4263:.
4186:.
4174:.
4170:.
4113:^
4098:^
4055:.
4027::
4025:}}
4021:{{
3868:^
3783:.
3737:^
3623:20
3621:.
3588:77
3586:.
3582:.
3532:,
3454:^
3380:^
3364:.
3334:^
3299:.
3265:.
3239:.
3174:.
2774:.
2763:.
2684:.
2575:."
1954:.
1731:,
1628:.
1585:,
1581:,
1513:,
1509:,
1505:,
1295:.
1265:.
978:.
961:.
953:,
949:,
727:,
569:.
420:,
188:.
180:,
176:,
164:,
160:,
156:,
10638:)
10634:(
10564:/
9196:)
9192:(
9186:)
9178:(
8867:e
8860:t
8853:v
8369:"
8365:"
6694:)
6690:(
6374:e
6367:t
6360:v
6234:e
6227:t
6220:v
5259:e
5252:t
5245:v
5148:.
5129:.
5110:.
5066:.
5023:.
4938:.
4910:.
4897:.
4868:1
4848:.
4750:.
4722:.
4698::
4648:2
4615::
4609:8
4574::
4551::
4513:.
4501::
4493::
4451::
4414::
4395:.
4381:.
4354:2
4337:.
4312:.
4287:.
4275::
4248:.
4223:.
4194:.
4182::
4108:.
4075:.
4038:)
4034:(
4017:.
3940:.
3896:.
3801:.
3787:.
3769:.
3695:.
3671:.
3607:.
3594:.
3509:)
3503:.
3448:.
3423:.
3396:)
3374:.
3303:.
3269:.
3251:.
3225:.
3184:.
3170::
2863:.
2841:.
2831:.
2804:.
2800::
2793:.
2767:.
2730:.
2715:.
2703:.
2692:.
2666:.
2659:.
2649:.
2637:.
2630:.
2623:.
2605:.
2595:.
2585:.
2565:.
2558:.
2551:.
2541:.
2531:.
2521:.
2501:.
2494:.
2484:.
2474:.
2462:.
2452:.
2445:.
2435:.
2378:.
2346:.
2336:.
2299:.
2284:.
2275:.
2255:.
1135:,
340:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.