2697:'s work. "She reads Moraga's statement that 'the danger lies in ranking the oppressions' to mean that we have no way of adjudicating among different kinds of oppressions—that any attempt to casually relate or hierarchize the varieties of oppressions people suffer constitutes an imperializing, colonizing, or totalizing gesture that renders the effort invalid…thus, although Butler at first appears to have understood the critiques of women who have been historically precluded from occupying the position of the 'subject' of feminism, it becomes clear that their voices have been merely instrumental to her" (Moya, 790). Moya contends that because Butler feels that the varieties of oppressions cannot be summarily ranked, that they cannot be ranked at all; and takes a short-cut by throwing out the idea of not only postmodernism, but women in general.
142:
2504:, philosophy, and universal truths in favor of embracing the differences that exist amongst women in order to demonstrate that not all women are the same. These ideologies are rejected by postmodern feminists because they believe if a universal truth is applied to all women of society, it minimizes individual experience, hence they warn women to be aware of ideas displayed as the norm in society since it may stem from masculine notions of how women should be portrayed.
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2563:, while also creating a distinction between French feminism and Anglo-American Feminism. She states that the difference between the two is that Anglo-American feminists want to find a "woman-centered perspective" and a woman identity since they were not given the chance to have one in the past. French feminists believe there is no identity for a woman but that "the feminine can be identified where difference and otherness are found."
2570:, criticized and attacked the systems that benefit men, along with widespread misogyny as a whole, more intensely than their American counterparts. Through American academics contriving their own concept of French feminism, it separated and ignored the already marginalized self-identifying feminists, while focusing on the women theorists associated with Psych et po (
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Frug's second postmodern principle is that sex is not something natural, nor is it something completely determinate and definable. Rather, sex is part of a system of meaning, produced by language. Frug argues that "cultural mechanisms ... encode the female body with meanings", and that these cultural
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movement, suggested that one "principle" of postmodernism is that human experience is located "inescapably within language". Power is exercised not only through direct coercion, but also through the way in which language shapes and restricts our reality. She also stated that because language is
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Butler criticises the distinction drawn by previous feminisms between (biological) sex and (socially constructed) gender. They ask why we assume that material things (such as the body) are not subject to processes of social construction themselves. Butler argues that this does not allow for a
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to be a section in a larger movement of postmodernism in France during the 1980s. This included the theorizing of the failure of the modernist project, along with its departure. More specifically for feminism, it meant returning to the debate of sameness and difference.
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as defined by postmodernism. Though modernist critics believe more importantly, that through abandoning the values of
Enlightenment thought, postmodern feminism "precludes the possibility of liberating political action." This concern can be seen in critics such as
2574:) and other academics who did not always identify as feminists themselves. This division ultimately ended up placing more importance on the theories of the French feminists than the political agenda and goals that groups such as radical feminists and the
2690:'s subordination has no single cause or single solution; postmodern feminism is thus criticized for offering no clear path to action. Butler rejects the term "postmodernism" as too vague to be meaningful.
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Postmodern feminists seek to analyze any notions that have led to gender inequality in society. Postmodern feminists analyze these notions and attempt to promote equality of gender through critiquing
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has also criticized feminist theory, and especially postmodernist feminist theory, as being overly academic, where discourse that is full of jargon and inaccessible is helpful to no one.
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2754:, who have argued that postmodern feminism runs the risk of undercutting the basis of a politics of action based upon gender difference, through its very anti-essentialism.
2515:. Postmodern feminists are accredited with drawing attention to dichotomies in society and demonstrating how language influences the difference in treatment of genders.
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mechanisms then go on to explain these meanings "by an appeal to the 'natural' differences between the sexes, differences that the rules themselves help to produce".
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The inclusion of postmodern theory into feminist theory is not readily accepted by all feminists—some believe postmodern thought undermines the attacks that
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always open to re-interpretation, it can also be used to resist this shaping and restriction, and so is a potentially fruitful site of political struggle.
254:
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Elaine Marks, an academic in the field of Women's
Studies, noted another difference between French and American feminists. French feminists, specifically
2762:(1995) to critique postmodernists and postmodern feminists alike, saying that there should be a return to Enlightenment values and modernist feminism.
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2686:: though recognizing that gender is a social construct, feminists assume it is always constructed in the same way. Butler's argument implies that
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norms entrenched in society that have led to gender inequality. Postmodern feminists seek to accomplish this goal through opposing
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There have been many critiques of postmodern feminism since it originated in the 1990s. Most of the criticism has been from
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As with criticism of postmodernism in general, postmodern feminism also faces criticism with its heavy focus on
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Sands, Roberta; Nuccio, Kathleen (Nov 1992). "Postmodern
Feminist Theory and Social Work: A Deconstruction".
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Digeser, Peter (September 1994). "Performativity
Trouble: Postmodern Feminism and Essential Subjects".
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Postmodern feminism's major departure from other branches of feminism is perhaps the argument that
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that rejects a universal female subject. The goal of postmodern feminism is to destabilize the
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Paula Moya argues that Butler derives this rejection to postmodernism from misreadings of
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3215:"Cyborg Liberation: Donna Haraway's Cyborg Feminism as an Emancipatory Model of Identity"
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In this book she further defined French feminism to only include a few authors such as
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Frug, Mary Joe (March 1992). "A Postmodern
Feminist Manifesto (An Unfinished Draft)".
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argues that this causes a view in which the concrete issues that women face, such as
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and feminists supporting modernist thought. They have put a focus on the themes of
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Moses, Claire
Goldberg (1998). "Made in America: "French Feminism" in Academia".
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French feminism, as it is known today, is an Anglo-American invention coined by
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The very term "postmodernism" has been criticised by some theorists who have
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Ebert, Teresa L. (Dec 1991). "The "Difference" of
Postmodern Feminism".
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attempts to create, while other feminists are in favor of the union.
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3404:
3360:"Ronald Reagan, the Modern Right, and ... the Rise of the Fem-Crits"
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Butler, Judith, "Contingent
Foundations", in Seyla Benhabib et al.,
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2547:, an academic with a focus on feminist theory, in her 1986 book
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3043:"French Feminism vs Anglo-American Feminism: A Reconstruction"
3335:
Feminist literary theory and criticism : a Norton reader
3319:
2687:
3115:
3430:. Boston: Northeastern University Press. pp. 152–153.
3337:(1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 787–797.
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3541:
Enlightened women modernist feminism in a postmodern age
3512:
3017:
Postmodern
Feminism and Educational Policy Development
3845:
3116:
Marks, Elaine; Isabelle De Courtivron, eds. (1980).
2978:
Feminist thought : a comprehensive introduction
3577:Williams, Susan; Williams, David (1 January 1996).
3513:"Studies On Contemporary Chinese Woman Development"
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3117:
2975:
3085:Sexual/textual politics: feminist literary theory
2628:" is a reflection on the politics of feminism in
4062:
3576:
2807:Postmodern philosophy § Definitional issues
16:Feminism that rejects a universal female subject
3019:. McGill Journal of Education. pp. 27–43.
2578:(women's liberation movement) had at the time.
3306:Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange
3124:. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
2982:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp.
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1069:African-American women's suffrage movement
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3212:
3120:New French feminisms : an anthology
3040:
2725:
2666:. They draw on and critique the work of
1014:Discrimination against transgender women
3538:
3463:
3440:
3308:(New York: Routledge, 1995), pp. 35–58.
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2802:been labelled as postmodern feminists.
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3583:Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
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3213:Tolliver, Nicholas D. (2022-05-16).
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
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3255:The Cambridge Companion to Foucault
3087:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
3050:European Journal of Women's Studies
13:
3579:"A Feminist Theory of Malebashing"
3358:Baumgardner, Paul (October 2019).
2576:Mouvement de liberation des femmes
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14:
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3031:
2962:
2916:
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2440:Social construction of technology
3848:
3601:'Postmodern Feminism in 3 pages'
3041:Gambaudo, Sylvie A. (May 2007).
2589:
2543:The term was further defined by
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1690:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1024:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
140:
23:
3562:. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons.
3532:
3505:
3481:"'Feminism? It's hardly begun'"
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2656:, a view notably propounded in
34:needs additional citations for
3543:. London New York: Routledge.
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2122:Women's suffrage organizations
1:
3479:Denes, Melissa (2005-01-17).
3445:The Theater of Transformation
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2435:Social construction of gender
2429:Social construction of nature
3269:Political Research Quarterly
2721:
2107:Suffragists and suffragettes
2037:American feminist literature
7:
3560:Postmodern feminist writers
3333:; Gubar, Susan Eds (2007).
3219:Columbia Social Work Review
2811:
1347:Views on transgender topics
1337:Views on sexual orientation
10:
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3558:Kottiswari, W. S. (2008).
3281:10.1177/106591299404700305
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3426:Hekman, Susan J. (1990).
3176:2027/spo.0499697.0024.203
2635:
2572:Psychanalyse et politique
2138:Women's rights by country
1044:Female genital mutilation
4050:Women's studies journals
3539:Assiter, Alison (1996).
3464:Assiter, Alison (1995).
3232:10.52214/cswr.v20i1.9646
3062:10.1177/1350506807075816
2974:Tong, Rosemarie (1989).
2849:Post-structural feminism
2790:, are seen as abstract.
2682:sufficient criticism of
2549:Sexual/Textual Politics.
2143:Feminists by nationality
2117:Women's studies journals
2112:Women's rights activists
830:Movements and ideologies
3728:International relations
3015:Wallin, Dawn C (2001).
2700:
2325:International relations
1531:International relations
392:Intersectional variants
4009:Catharine A. MacKinnon
2859:Structuralist feminism
2839:Individualist feminism
2734:
2711:Critical Legal Studies
2419:Social constructionism
2057:Conservative feminisms
1312:Bicycling and feminism
1288:Women in the workforce
1256:Violence against women
1231:Sexual objectification
1191:Opposition to feminism
448:Vegetarian ecofeminism
3989:Patricia Hill Collins
3883:Hegemonic masculinity
2729:
2423:social constructivism
2087:Feminist rhetoricians
2077:Feminist philosophers
1629:Revisionist mythology
1332:Views on prostitution
1317:Criticism of marriage
1007:Children's literature
58:"Postmodern feminism"
3468:. London: Routledge.
3441:Schmidt, K. (2005).
3428:Gender and Knowledge
2834:Feminist metaphysics
2067:Feminist art critics
2042:Feminist comic books
1999:Lists and categories
1678:By continent/country
1509:Pathways perspective
1392:Gender mainstreaming
1327:Views on pornography
1236:Substantive equality
1216:Reproductive justice
1166:Matriarchal religion
1019:Diversity (politics)
955:Political lesbianism
265:Other women's rights
43:improve this article
4076:Third-wave feminism
4071:Postmodern feminism
4024:Diana E. H. Russell
3693:Composition studies
3377:10.3390/laws8040026
3253:Gutting, G. (ed.),
3083:Moi, Toril (2002).
2902:10.1093/sw/40.6.831
2864:Third-wave feminism
2854:Standpoint feminism
2758:published the book
2486:Postmodern feminism
2165:Feminism portal
2072:Feminist economists
2062:Ecofeminist authors
1867:Trinidad and Tobago
1807:Republic of Ireland
1499:Composition studies
1266:Women's empowerment
1221:Sex workers' rights
1146:Feminist capitalism
1126:Internalized sexism
1059:Feminism in culture
167:History of feminism
3919:Simone de Beauvoir
3909:Elizabeth Anderson
3902:Feminist theorists
3703:Digital humanities
3681:Literary criticism
3393:Harvard Law Review
3317:Moya, Paula M. L.
2776:sexism in language
2735:
2730:Feminist activist
2668:Simone de Beauvoir
2626:A Cyborg Manifesto
2601:. You can help by
2526:Origins and theory
2397:Post-postmodernism
2249:Post-structuralism
1477:Literary criticism
1342:Views on sexuality
1029:Effects on society
997:Complementarianism
972:Women's liberation
727:Religious variants
701:trans-exclusionary
419:Radical lesbianism
4058:
4057:
3939:Kimberlé Crenshaw
3790:Political ecology
3466:Enlightened Women
3331:Gilbert, Susan M.
2829:Écriture féminine
2788:sexual harassment
2784:domestic violence
2770:Focus on language
2760:Enlightened Women
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2568:radical feminists
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2482:
2357:Political science
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1659:womanist theology
1602:Political ecology
1433:Écriture féminine
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1251:Triple oppression
1241:Toxic masculinity
1226:Sexual harassment
1086:Feminist stripper
1064:Feminist movement
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551:Africana womanism
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4029:Dorothy E. Smith
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3399:(5): 1045–1075.
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1984:History of women
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1271:Women-only space
1156:Likeability trap
1121:Invisible labour
1039:Female education
848:Anti-pornography
703:
702:
698:
414:Lesbian of color
397:
396:
274:Women's suffrage
250:Muslim countries
245:Women's suffrage
162:Feminist history
155:
154:
144:
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4038:
4014:Martha Nussbaum
3897:
3893:Women's studies
3888:Women's history
3878:Feminist method
3861:
3856:Feminism portal
3854:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3644:Academic fields
3639:
3637:Feminist theory
3634:
3597:
3570:
3551:
3535:
3530:
3521:
3519:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3497:
3495:
3477:
3473:
3462:
3458:
3439:
3435:
3424:
3420:
3405:10.2307/1341520
3389:
3385:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3316:
3312:
3303:
3296:
3265:
3261:
3257:(2002), p. 389.
3252:
3248:
3211:
3207:
3167:10.2307/3178697
3151:
3147:
3132:
3114:
3110:
3095:
3081:
3077:
3045:
3039:
3032:
3013:
3009:
2994:
2972:
2963:
2928:College English
2924:
2917:
2886:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2824:Cyborg feminism
2814:
2809:
2796:
2772:
2724:
2703:
2672:Michel Foucault
2638:
2624:'s 1985 essay "
2615:
2609:
2606:
2599:needs expansion
2584:
2533:
2531:French feminism
2528:
2520:feminist theory
2494:French feminism
2479:
2447:Linguistic turn
2428:
2195:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2053:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1899:Northern Cyprus
1679:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1487:Science fiction
1438:
1417:Women's studies
1382:Feminist method
1372:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1276:
1186:Oedipus complex
1176:Men in feminism
1141:Language reform
1116:Ideal womanhood
1096:Gender equality
1091:Formal equality
1054:Feminationalism
992:Cognitive labor
986:
978:
977:
976:
933:Post-structural
832:
822:
821:
820:
729:
719:
718:
717:
700:
697:Gender-critical
696:
695:
646:Femonationalism
630:
622:
621:
616:
595:Native American
535:
490:Critical theory
452:
394:
384:
383:
378:
333:Second Republic
261:
231:
198:
172:Women's history
152:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4089:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4034:Marilyn Waring
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4004:Julia Kristeva
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Sandra Harding
3981:
3976:
3974:Germaine Greer
3971:
3966:
3964:Martha Fineman
3961:
3956:
3954:Andrea Dworkin
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3773:Existentialism
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3732:Constructivism
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3640:
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3632:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3595:External links
3593:
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3531:
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3504:
3471:
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3418:
3383:
3350:
3343:
3321:CherrĂe Moraga
3310:
3294:
3275:(3): 655–673.
3259:
3246:
3225:(1): 141–153.
3205:
3161:(2): 241–274.
3145:
3131:978-0870232800
3130:
3108:
3094:978-0415280112
3093:
3075:
3030:
3007:
2992:
2961:
2940:10.2307/377692
2934:(8): 886–904.
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2836:
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2819:Alison Assiter
2815:
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2810:
2795:
2792:
2771:
2768:
2764:Gloria Steinem
2756:Alison Assiter
2752:Meaghan Morris
2732:Gloria Steinem
2723:
2720:
2705:Legal scholar
2702:
2699:
2695:CherrĂe Moraga
2663:Gender Trouble
2660:'s 1990 book,
2644:, or at least
2637:
2634:
2617:
2616:
2596:
2594:
2583:
2580:
2561:Julia Kristeva
2532:
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2345:Postpositivism
2342:
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2327:
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2307:
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2282:
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2259:
2258:
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2234:Hypermodernity
2231:
2229:Deconstruction
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2125:
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2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2082:Feminist poets
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2049:Feminist songs
2046:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2025:by nationality
2017:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2001:
1998:
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1994:
1993:
1989:
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1974:United Kingdom
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1672:
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1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:Existentialism
1582:
1581:
1580:
1578:Justice ethics
1570:
1565:
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1550:
1545:
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1539:
1538:
1536:Constructivism
1528:
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1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
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1445:
1444:
1443:Areas of study
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1387:Gender studies
1384:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1352:SCUM Manifesto
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1283:Women's rights
1280:
1277:Women's health
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1161:Male privilege
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1130:International
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1009:
999:
994:
988:
987:
984:
983:
980:
979:
975:
974:
969:
967:Technofeminism
964:
963:
962:
957:
952:
942:
941:
940:
930:
925:
924:
923:
922:
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692:
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690:
685:
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648:
643:
638:
632:
631:
629:Other variants
628:
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623:
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614:
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568:
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553:
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536:
534:
533:
528:
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511:
510:
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498:
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492:
482:
477:
476:
475:
464:
461:
460:
454:
453:
451:
450:
445:
444:
443:
433:
428:
427:
426:
421:
416:
406:
400:
395:
390:
389:
386:
385:
380:
379:
377:
376:
375:
374:
364:
363:
362:
357:
355:Cayman Islands
350:United Kingdom
347:
342:
341:
340:
335:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
281:
278:
277:
270:
269:
268:
267:
260:
259:
258:
257:
252:
241:
238:
237:
233:
232:
230:
229:
224:
219:
214:
208:
205:
204:
200:
199:
197:
196:
195:
194:
189:
184:
179:
169:
164:
158:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
137:
136:
130:
129:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4088:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Luce Irigaray
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3979:Donna Haraway
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3959:Cynthia Enloe
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Hélène Cixous
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:Judith Butler
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3846:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Technoscience
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:Postmodernism
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3671:Art criticism
3669:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3626:
3624:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3569:9788176258210
3565:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3550:9780415083386
3546:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3475:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3437:
3429:
3422:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3346:
3344:9780393927900
3340:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3314:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3250:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3112:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3056:(2): 93–108.
3055:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3035:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2993:9780429493836
2989:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2728:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2707:Mary Joe Frug
2698:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2676:Jacques Lacan
2673:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2658:Judith Butler
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2630:postmodernity
2627:
2623:
2622:Donna Haraway
2613:
2604:
2600:
2597:This section
2595:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:Luce Irigaray
2554:
2553:Hélène Cixous
2550:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2537:Alice Jardine
2523:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2490:postmodernism
2487:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Metamodernism
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2314:Picture books
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:Postmodernity
2218:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:Postmodernism
2203:
2202:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2156:
2155:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
48:
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38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4019:Val Plumwood
3969:Nancy Fraser
3799:
3763:Epistemology
3738:Legal theory
3661:Architecture
3651:Anthropology
3589:(1): 35–127.
3586:
3582:
3559:
3540:
3533:Bibliography
3520:. Retrieved
3516:
3507:
3496:. Retrieved
3485:The Guardian
3484:
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2893:
2889:
2844:Nancy Fraser
2799:
2797:
2773:
2759:
2736:
2716:
2704:
2692:
2684:essentialism
2680:
2661:
2648:, is itself
2639:
2620:
2607:
2603:adding to it
2598:
2565:
2548:
2542:
2534:
2517:
2513:subjectivity
2509:logocentrism
2506:
2502:essentialism
2488:is a mix of
2485:
2484:
2294:
2275:Architecture
2265:Anthropology
2244:Posthumanism
2239:Hyperreality
2211:Preceded by
1929:Saudi Arabia
1725:South Africa
1568:Epistemology
1543:Legal theory
1462:Architecture
1452:Anthropology
1431:
1397:Gynocentrism
1261:War on women
1196:Pro-feminism
1151:Gender-blind
1101:Gender quota
1074:Art movement
937:
843:Anti-fascist
777:Dianic Wicca
656:Postfeminism
531:Xenofeminism
514:Postcolonial
431:Sex-positive
105:
99:October 2018
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3949:Alice Crary
3929:Nancy Bauer
3924:Wendy Brown
3914:Karen Barad
3873:Ecofeminism
3778:Metaphysics
3698:Criminology
3676:Film theory
3656:Archaeology
3449:. pp.
2890:Social Work
2794:Of the name
2650:constructed
2498:patriarchal
2402:Remodernism
2285:Criminology
2270:Archaeology
1934:South Korea
1914:Philippines
1894:New Zealand
1889:Netherlands
1612:Pornography
1590:Metaphysics
1504:Criminology
1482:Film theory
1457:Archaeology
1136:Women's Day
928:Libertarian
870:Ecofeminism
787:Ecofeminist
668:Reactionary
661:Neofeminism
602:Multiracial
507:Ecofeminist
502:Materialist
345:Switzerland
325:New Zealand
4065:Categories
3994:bell hooks
3805:Psychology
3758:Empiricism
3753:Aesthetics
3748:Philosophy
3522:2023-12-12
3498:2019-03-29
3002:1041706991
2871:References
2805:See also:
2800:themselves
2743:relativism
2739:modernists
2610:March 2024
2352:Psychology
2330:Philosophy
2310:Literature
2305:Television
2130:Categories
2032:Literature
1742:Bangladesh
1617:Psychology
1563:Empiricism
1558:Aesthetics
1553:Philosophy
1427:Patriarchy
1412:Matriarchy
1132:Girl's Day
1106:Girl power
1079:In hip hop
1002:Literature
960:Separatist
938:Postmodern
904:Difference
838:Analytical
782:Reclaiming
590:Indigenous
495:Standpoint
424:Separatist
276:by country
69:newspapers
3815:Sociology
3718:Geography
3708:Economics
3493:0261-3077
3370:(4): 26.
3289:144691426
3241:2164-1250
3200:233178967
3193:A21221517
3070:144756187
3025:967130390
2948:0010-0994
2910:1545-6846
2780:Yang Feng
2722:Critiques
2545:Toril Moi
2387:Criticism
2379:Reactions
2335:Anarchism
2213:Modernism
2020:Feminists
1832:Argentina
1792:Indonesia
1782:Hong Kong
1737:Australia
1644:Sociology
1526:Geography
1516:Economics
1407:Male gaze
1402:Kyriarchy
863:Networked
745:Christian
480:Jineology
468:Anarchist
458:Socialist
338:Francoist
290:Australia
236:Timelines
3830:Womanist
3825:Theology
3810:Sexology
3743:Pedagogy
3196:ProQuest
3103:49959398
2812:See also
2747:nihilism
2654:language
2652:through
2371:Religion
2367:Theology
2295:Feminism
2015:Articles
1954:Thailand
1909:Pakistan
1879:Malaysia
1862:Paraguay
1852:Honduras
1700:Ethiopia
1654:Theology
1639:Sexology
1634:Sex wars
1548:Pedagogy
1301:Outlooks
1181:Misogyny
1049:Femicide
1034:Equality
985:Concepts
950:Cultural
909:Equality
890:Stiletto
885:Lipstick
809:Orthodox
772:Neopagan
760:Womanist
740:Buddhist
688:Embedded
683:Imperial
678:Carceral
651:Maternal
612:Womanism
300:Colombia
187:Canadian
177:American
134:Feminism
126:a series
124:Part of
3783:Science
3723:History
3688:Biology
3413:1341520
3185:3178697
3140:5051713
2896:: 489.
2582:Haraway
2410:Related
2362:Theatre
2340:Marxism
2312: (
1969:Ukraine
1964:Vietnam
1874:Lebanon
1772:Germany
1762:Finland
1757:Denmark
1732:Albania
1720:Senegal
1715:Nigeria
1622:Therapy
1595:science
1494:Biology
945:Radical
899:Liberal
875:Eugenic
799:Islamic
735:Atheist
583:Lesbian
578:Chicana
571:Ratchet
566:Lesbian
561:Hip hop
485:Marxist
409:Lesbian
285:Austria
182:British
151:History
83:scholar
3768:Ethics
3566:
3547:
3491:
3411:
3341:
3287:
3239:
3198:
3191:
3183:
3138:
3128:
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3000:
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2986:–224.
2956:377692
2954:
2946:
2908:
2674:, and
2646:gender
2636:Butler
2559:, and
2421:" and
2257:Fields
1959:Turkey
1949:Taiwan
1939:Sweden
1924:Russia
1919:Poland
1904:Norway
1857:Mexico
1837:Brazil
1812:Israel
1777:Greece
1767:France
1747:Canada
1685:Africa
1573:Ethics
1370:Theory
1211:Racism
914:Social
804:Jewish
750:Mormon
708:Victim
641:Equity
607:Romani
519:Global
372:states
329:Spain
315:Kuwait
295:Canada
227:Fourth
217:Second
192:German
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4043:Lists
3835:Asian
3453:–130.
3409:JSTOR
3328:, in
3285:S2CID
3181:JSTOR
3066:S2CID
3046:(PDF)
2952:JSTOR
2688:women
2320:Music
2290:Dance
2006:Lists
1944:Syria
1884:Nepal
1847:Haiti
1842:Chile
1822:Japan
1817:Italy
1787:India
1752:China
1705:Ghana
1695:Egypt
1171:Media
919:Labor
794:Hindu
765:Asian
713:White
673:State
556:Black
473:Queer
360:Wales
310:Japan
305:India
222:Third
212:First
203:Waves
90:JSTOR
76:books
3713:FPDA
3564:ISBN
3545:ISBN
3489:ISSN
3364:Laws
3339:ISBN
3323:and
3237:ISSN
3189:Gale
3136:OCLC
3126:ISBN
3099:OCLC
3089:ISBN
3021:OCLC
2998:OCLC
2988:ISBN
2944:ISSN
2906:ISSN
2786:and
2745:and
2701:Frug
2492:and
2369:and
2300:Film
1802:Iraq
1797:Iran
1710:Mali
1521:FDPA
1134:and
816:Sikh
62:news
3666:Art
3451:129
3401:doi
3397:105
3372:doi
3277:doi
3227:doi
3171:hdl
3163:doi
3058:doi
2984:217
2936:doi
2898:doi
2642:sex
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2280:Art
1467:Art
858:HCI
755:New
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