1339:
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128:
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83:
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48:
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1023:. A major oil reserve has been discovered near Jhelum in Punjab, opening up a new area for exploitation of hydrocarbon potential (e.g., Meyal Field). With an estimated production of 5,500 barrels per day, the Ghauri X-1 oil well is expected to be the country’s largest oil-producing well and is likely to start contributing its output to the system by the end of June 2014.
837:. Owing to its strategic location, Taxila has changed hands many times over the centuries, with many polities vying for its control. When the great ancient trade routes connecting these regions ceased to be important, the city sank into insignificance and was finally destroyed in the 5th century by the invading
1100:
The main ruins of Taxila include four major cities, each belonging to a distinct time period, at three different sites. The earliest settlement at Taxila is found in the
Hathial section, which yielded pottery shards that date from as early as the late 2nd millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE. The
2293:
This caste of
Brahmins trace their origins to the Gandhara region, located in contemporary northwest Pakistan between Peshawar and Taxila. The region has long been associated with governmental administrative and military service. In addition to being referred to as "Husaini" Brahmins for their
2196:
Rajputs Kokhar were the domiciles of India and were originally followers of
Hinduism, later on they embraced Islam and with the passage of time most of them settled near Jehlam, Pindadan Khan, Ahmed Abad and Pothar. In Rajouri District, Khokhars are residing in various
2947:
As Buddha offers his body to appease the hunger of the seven starving tiger - cubs , so Râsâlu offers himself instead of the woman's only son who was destined to ... Lastly , the scene of both legends is laid at
Manikpur or
1942:. Thus the various centres of learning in different parts of the country became affiliated, as it were, to the educational centre, or the central university, of Taxila which exercised a kind of intellectual
1010:
in 1915 and Dhuliān in 1935; the Tut field was discovered in 1968, Missa Keswal was discovered in 1992 and exploration continued in the area in the 1990s. The oil fields are connected by pipeline to the
2959:
1455:
1085:. Taxila, however, is most famous for ruins of several settlements, the earliest dating from around 1000 BCE. It is also known for its collection of Buddhist religious monuments, including the
2174:
Gujars of this tract are wholly
Muslims, and so are the Khokhar who have only a few Hindu families. In early stages the converted Rajputs continued with preconversion practices.
1898:
of
Politics and Economics at Taxila University. Taxila University is one of the oldest known universities in the world and it was the chief learning centre in ancient India."
999:
The plateau covers about 7 percent of all the cultivated land of
Pakistan and most of it is very fertile, but the region does not have any proper irrigation system, with the
1101:
Bhir Mound ruins at the site date from the 6th century BCE, and are adjacent to
Hathial. The ruins of Sirkap date to the 2nd century BCE, and were built by the region's
2474:
2186:
Malik, M. Mazammil
Hussain (1 November 2009). "Socio-Cultural and Economic Changes among Muslims Rajputs: A Case Study of Rajouri District in J&K".
1973:, p. 479. This shows that Taxila was a seat not of elementary, but higher, education, of colleges or a university as distinguished from schools."
3293:
1105:
kings who ruled in the region following
Alexander the Great's invasion of the region in 326 BCE. The third and most recent settlement is that of
2013:
865:
is considered to be one of the earliest universities in the world. Because of the extensive preservation efforts and upkeep, Taxila is one of
3041:
437:
397:
161:
1984:
2998:
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82:
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The vast archaeological site includes neolithic remains dating to 3360 BCE, and Early Harappan remains dating to 2900–2600 BCE at
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120:
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1844:
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1591:
3318:
1610:Öztürk, Münir Ahmet; Khan, Shujaul Mulk; Altay, Volkan; Efe, Recep; Egamberdieva, Dilfuza; Khassanov, Furkat O. (2022).
3308:
2534:
1551:
1365:, and is a major tourist attraction, drawing up to 250,000 visitors a year. Its history dates back to its discovery by
602:
3034:
2913:
2727:
2680:
2342:
2286:
2220:
1937:
928:, named after the region itself, is a dialect that is spoken here. Other major dialects spoken in the region include
2332:
1169:
The fort is known for its large defensive walls and several monumental gateways. Rohtas Fort was declared a UNESCO
2607:
1613:
Biodiversity, Conservation and Sustainability in Asia: Volume 2: Prospects and Challenges in South and Middle Asia
3014:
2069:
884:"The land is beautiful, its scented air is that of spring, and the Pothwar is an appealing and beautiful garden."
1957:
1909:
1860:
1731:
921:
3313:
1075:
2904:
Ultimate Journey: Retracing the Path of an Ancient Buddhist Monk who Crossed Asia in Search of Enlightenment
3027:
2034:
English: Lahore Subah of the Mughal Empire, established during Akbar's administrative reforms of 1572–1580.
862:
401:
154:
784:
developed between 774,000 BC and 11,700 BC. This period goes back to the first interglacial period in the
2769:
1546:
1027:
866:
2294:
rituals of devotion to Imam Husain, which will be discussed below, this caste is more formally known as
1581:
1338:
2526:
2272:
1985:"Feature: Pakistan in efforts to rejuvenate Taxila, one of most important archaeological sites in Asia"
1501:
2550:
2349:
The surname — Mehta — is actually a title granted to the more erudite and better educated amongst the
1785:
1125:
1070:'s archaeological sites lie near modern Taxila about 35 km (22 mi) northwest of the city of
329:
2650:
1173:
in 1997, as an "exceptional example of the Muslim military architecture of Central and South Asia."
2317:
1874:
Muniapan, Balakrishnan; Shaikh, Junaid M. (2007). "Lessons in corporate governance from Kautilya's
1708:
426:
215:
2408:"2D Seismic Interpretation of the Meyal Area, Northern Potwar Deform Zone, Potwar Basin, Pakistan"
2392:
2070:"'PUNJABISATION' IN THE BRITISH INDIAN ARMY 1857–1947 AND THE ADVENT OF MILITARY RULE IN PAKISTAN"
1370:
1006:
The plateau is the location of major Pakistani oil fields, the first of which were discovered at
300:
1709:
A partial hominoid innominate from the Miocene of Pakistan: Description and preliminary analyses
1541:
944:
595:
422:
353:
198:
2940:
2867:
2210:
1992:
1720:
1611:
2976:
2637:
1923:
1903:
1435:
412:
388:
1292:
Tilla Jogian is an abandoned Hindu temple and monastic complex located on the summit of the
2116:"Two dialects one region : a sociolinguistic approach to dialects as identity markers"
1491:
1215:
850:
792:
1849:. In the early centuries the centre of Buddhist scholarship was the University of Taxila."
1218:. The pond occupies an area of two kanals and 15 marlas, with a maximum depth of 20 feet.
845:'s kingdom who had conquered most of Punjab from the Delhi Sultanate. In mid-19th century
8:
2115:
1467:
1366:
1170:
1152:
858:
810:
348:
277:
1197:
temples connected to one another by walkways. The temple complex surrounds a pond named
3253:
2902:
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1854:
1830:
1767:
1666:
1385:
1055:
976:
826:
757:
407:
358:
2992:
736:
of the plateau range from an average height of 1200 to 1900 feet above the sea level.
3188:
3007:
Potwar Plateau – Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service
2909:
2873:
2809:
2775:
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2704:
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2603:
2530:
2372:
2338:
2282:
2278:
2253:
2243:
2216:
2163:
2140:
1951:
1933:
1840:
1806:
1759:
1727:
1691:
1658:
1617:
1587:
1513:
1190:
1020:
818:
717:
588:
393:
371:
336:
324:
243:
2844:
3141:
3122:
2479:
2463:
2419:
1887:
1650:
1536:
1416:
1347:
1305:
1265:
1223:
1148:
917:
663:
620:
514:
378:
312:
290:
260:
255:
250:
108:
102:
2866:
Sarina Singh; Lindsay Brown; Lindsay Brown; Rodney Cocks; John Mock (1 May 2008).
2865:
2498:
3183:
3163:
2743:
2670:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2366:
1927:
1834:
1495:
1012:
925:
901:, and a large proportion of these soldiers came from the Pothohar as well as the
877:
702:
505:
432:
417:
383:
1151:
province of Pakistan. The fort is one of the largest and most formidable in the
3208:
3203:
3006:
2617:(1). The Indian Trust for Rural Heritage and Development: 55–57. Archived from
2483:
2090:
1891:
1798:
1519:
1443:
1362:
1351:
1273:
1227:, where the temples are traditionally believed to have been the site where the
1163:
1155:. Rohtas Fort was never taken by force, and it has remained remarkably intact.
1102:
1016:
984:
929:
830:
817:; it was founded around 1000 BCE. Some ruins at Taxila date to the time of the
721:
460:
47:
2468:
1419:
province. The stupa was built to commemorate the spot, where according to the
1241:
3287:
3238:
3168:
3132:
2257:
2144:
2014:"Taxila: an illustration of fascinating influences of multiple civilisations"
1826:
1763:
1695:
1662:
1643:
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography
1479:
1473:
1428:
1398:
1361:
The mine is famous for its production of pink Khewra salt, often marketed as
1110:
1031:
933:
873:
834:
822:
638:
578:
573:
231:
176:
163:
3137:
2368:
People, the Environment and Responsibility: Case Studies from Rural Pakistan
752:
510:
3258:
3193:
3178:
3112:
1875:
1420:
1310:
1284:
1268:. The fort was built to defend the Pothohar plateau from the forces of the
1094:
1086:
956:
898:
814:
741:
709:
698:
675:
3011:
2439:
2424:
2407:
2237:
795:
fossil skull of an extinct ape species was discovered in Potohar plateau.
3263:
3248:
3173:
3149:
3062:
1461:
1439:
1355:
1136:
1129:
1035:
1000:
846:
838:
806:
777:
765:
733:
729:
713:
671:
522:
475:
1880:
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development
1771:
1747:
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3223:
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3075:
3071:
3067:
2618:
2032:
1670:
1638:
1485:
1374:
1327:
1297:
1261:
1249:
1214:, after he wandered the Earth inconsolable after the death of his wife
1071:
902:
785:
725:
560:
556:
544:
540:
536:
2406:
Riaz, Muhammad; Nuno, Pimentel; Zafar, Tehseen; Ghazi, Shahid (2019).
3157:
3153:
3145:
3107:
3083:
3079:
2744:"Inside Pakistan's Khewra, the second largest salt mine in the world"
2573:
2134:
1895:
1743:
1685:
1507:
1159:
1039:
552:
548:
530:
526:
518:
495:
2975:
2334:
The Burning Chaffees: A Soldier's First-Hand Account of the 1971 War
1654:
1015:
in Rawalpindi. Major reserves of oil and gas has been discovered at
849:, ancient Taxila's ruins were rediscovered by British archaeologist
3102:
3019:
1943:
1412:
1301:
1269:
1257:
1253:
1140:
1114:
913:
802:
667:
490:
272:
223:
1185:
The complex consists of several temples and associated structures.
1181:
3228:
3127:
3117:
1323:
1319:
1229:
1106:
1090:
1060:
972:
968:
781:
737:
659:
500:
485:
203:
1078:, who worked at Taxila over a period of twenty years from 1913.
1042:
and gas exploration, the area is becoming devoid of vegetation.
788:, from which remnants of stone and flint tools have been found.
3050:
1532:
1438:
in 1830. The relics were then removed from the site during the
1424:
1315:
1206:
1144:
1067:
980:
964:
960:
948:
854:
842:
798:
773:
761:
694:
686:
267:
60:
3273:
3012:
Regional Studies of the Potwar Plateau Area, Northern Pakistan
2829:
2702:
1308:
province. The complex was the most important centre for Hindu
3213:
3198:
2991:
1411:
near the village of Tope Mankiala, in the Pothohar region of
1408:
1211:
1194:
1007:
988:
470:
465:
455:
740:
in the Salt Range is the highest mountain of the region and
2091:"Population Profile Punjab | Population Welfare Department"
952:
991:
were also present in large numbers throughout the region.
2077:
School of History & Classics University of Edinburgh
1326:
for its association with the founder of the Sikh faith,
1964:
1132:
was built upon a hill overlooking the Pothohar Plateau.
2843:. Privatisation Commission of Pakistan. Archived from
1458:-Great-grandson of sultan of pothohar muqarab Ali Khan
1233:
brothers spent a significant portion of their exile.
841:. In the 15th century, Pothohar became part of Malik
2057:(in English and Persian). The Panjabi Adabi Academy.
1867:
1713:
1476:- Former Cricketer known as "The Rawalpindi Express"
1431:
sacrificed himself to feed seven hungry tiger cubs.
1221:
The temples play a role in the Hindu epic poem, the
897:
The Punjab played a major role in the war effort of
869:, attracting up to one million tourists every year.
728:. The southern end of the plateau is bounded by the
2337:. Penguin Random House India Pvt. Ltd. p. 32.
1803:
Within the Four Seas: The Dialogue of East and West
1434:Mankiala stupa's relic deposits were discovered by
3002:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 713.
2986:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 413.
2901:
2467:
2405:
2162:. Anthropological Survey of India. p. xxiii.
1932:(4th ed.), Motilal Banarsidass, p. 478,
1609:
1193:also known as Qila Katas, is a complex of several
1113:empire, who ruled from nearby Purushapura (modern
2942:Four Reports Made During the Years, 1862-63-64-65
2767:
1583:Across the Wagah: An Indian's Sojourn in Pakistan
3285:
2869:Lonely Planet Pakistan and the Karakoram Highway
2353:community, originating from the Gandhara region.
916:are the native people of the Pothohar, speaking
1825:
708:Pothohar Plateau is bounded on the east by the
2522:The rise of civilization in India and Pakistan
2511:
2440:"Taxila | ancient city, Pakistan | Britannica"
1873:
1722:The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan
3035:
2364:
1982:
772:The earliest evidence of human habitation in
596:
27:
2872:(7th ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 138.
2859:
2478:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1210:to have been created from the teardrops of
3042:
3028:
2938:
2893:
2672:Deva Bhumi: The Abode of the Gods in India
1752:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1403:
1318:prior to 1947, and had housed hundreds of
643:
625:
603:
589:
37:
35:
29:
2945:. Government Central Press. p. 155.
2899:
2801:
2795:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2423:
2331:Mehta, Balram Singh (December 27, 2021).
2242:. W. H. McLeod. Lanham: Scarecrow Press.
1946:over the wide world of letters in India."
1498:, the highest military award of Pakistan.
1373:in 320 BC, but it started trading in the
3294:Archaeological sites in Punjab, Pakistan
2841:Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation
2598:
2596:
2594:
1970:
1922:
1690:. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors.
1683:
1636:
1384:
1342:Khewra Salt Mine tunnel (Crystal Valley)
1337:
1283:
1240:
1180:
1124:
1054:
947:of the region (Punjabi: برادری) include
751:
693:
685:
127:
89:
2774:(1st ed.). Springer. p. 347.
2761:
2475:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2469:"Marshall, Sir John Hubert (1876–1958)"
2132:
1797:
1726:Cambridge University Press, 1982 p.127
1586:. Bibliophile South Asia. p. 180.
1579:
1201:which is regarded as sacred by Hindus.
805:, situated on the eastern shore of the
3286:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2602:
2561:
2365:Amalric, F.; Banuri, T. (1995-10-15).
2270:
2264:
2235:
2208:
2139:. "Civil and Military Gazette" Press.
2030:
1791:
1456:Shah Mohkam Din Khan Bahadur 1880-1946
3023:
2717:
2591:
2330:
2324:
2185:
2179:
2157:
2151:
2052:
1839:(4th ed.). New York: Routledge.
1252:is an early 16th century fort in the
1003:being largely dependent on rainfall.
3049:
2768:Stanley J. Lefond (1 January 1969).
2703:Directorate General of Archaeology.
2160:People of India: Jammu & Kashmir
2136:Gazetteer of the Rawalpindi district
2113:
1605:
1603:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1389:Restored view of the Manikyala Stupa
1176:
1074:. The sites were first excavated by
2696:
2668:
2657:
2462:
2271:Ruffle, Karen G. (April 20, 2021).
2067:
1976:
1784:UNESCO World Heritage Site, 1980.
1742:
1504:- 8th recipient of Nishan-e-Haider.
1470:, Former prime minister of Pakistan
1402:
1333:
1109:, which was built by rulers of the
642:
13:
2939:Cunningham, Sir Alexander (1871).
2543:
2212:Advanced History of Medieval India
2053:Chand, Raizada Diwan Duni (1965).
1719:Raymond Allchin, Bridget Allchin,
1552:List of Rulers of Pothohar Plateau
1045:
230:
14:
3330:
2968:
1929:Chandragupta Maurya and his times
1600:
1564:
1449:
1380:
1288:An abandoned pond at Tilla Jogian
1204:The temples' pond is said in the
876:, the Pothohar was a part of the
3272:
2808:. Interlink Books. p. 150.
2771:Handbook of World Salt Resources
1616:. Springer Nature. p. 912.
1322:. The site is also important in
979:, other biradaris including the
572:
126:
119:
88:
81:
46:
3015:United States Geological Survey
2953:
2932:
2736:
2720:Culture and Customs of Pakistan
2718:Malik, Iftikhar Haider (2006).
2711:
2505:
2456:
2432:
2399:
2385:
2358:
2229:
2202:
2126:
2107:
2083:
2061:
2046:
2024:
2006:
1916:
1819:
1522:- Punjabi Sufi scholar and poet
1279:
1158:The fortress was built by Raja
821:, followed successively by the
3304:Landforms of Punjab (Pakistan)
2722:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
2274:Everyday Shi'ism in South Asia
1778:
1736:
1702:
1677:
1630:
1120:
867:Punjab's popular tourist spots
764:. It was destroyed during the
1:
3299:Geography of Punjab, Pakistan
2960:The British Museum Collection
1788:. Retrieved 13 January 2007.
1687:History and culture of Panjab
1557:
1502:Sowar Muhammad Hussain Janjua
1236:
908:
892:, Medieval Persian Manuscript
809:—the pivotal junction of the
2499:UK public library membership
2158:Singh, Kumar Suresh (2003).
1983:Raheela Nazir (2018-05-12).
1442:, and are now housed in the
863:University of ancient Taxila
681:
7:
3319:Regions of Punjab, Pakistan
2900:Bernstein, Richard (2001).
2837:"Khewra Salt Mines Project"
2669:Sah, Krishna Kumar (2016).
2215:. Anmol Publ. p. 142.
1547:Mountain ranges of Pakistan
1526:
1492:Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti
140:Pothohar Plateau (Pakistan)
16:Plateau in Punjab, Pakistan
10:
3335:
2805:Spectrum Guide to Pakistan
2527:Cambridge University Press
2031:Robert, Wilkinson (1805),
1956:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1908:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1892:10.1504/WREMSD.2007.012130
1859:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1786:Taxila: Multiple Locations
1639:"The Rivers of the Punjab"
1580:Tikekar, Maneesha (2004).
994:
747:
724:, and on the south by the
662:in the northern region of
65:1,900 ft (580 m)
3309:Landforms of Azad Kashmir
3270:
3058:
2371:. CRC Press. p. 27.
1143:located near the city of
1050:
819:Achaemenid Persian Empire
624:
197:
192:
153:
74:
69:
59:
54:
45:
36:
28:
26:
21:
2675:. BookBaby. p. 79.
1684:Mohinder, Singh (1989).
1423:, an incarnation of the
861:. By some accounts, the
801:was the capital city of
2999:Encyclopædia Britannica
2983:Encyclopædia Britannica
2802:Camerapix (July 1998).
2707:. Government of Punjab.
2551:"Pakistan: Rohtas Fort"
857:designated Taxila as a
780:of the Pothohar, where
744:is the second highest.
652:Satāh Murtafā Pо̄ṭhohār
2645:Cite journal requires
2484:10.1093/ref:odnb/34896
2236:McLeod, W. H. (2009).
2209:Bakshi, S. R. (1995).
1894:. Kautilya was also a
1542:Topography of Pakistan
1390:
1354:is the second largest
1343:
1289:
1246:
1186:
1133:
1064:
895:
769:
716:, on the north by the
705:
701:, 2nd highest peak in
691:
670:, located between the
235:
2608:"Explore Rural India"
2425:10.1515/geo-2019-0001
2239:The A to Z of Sikhism
1924:Mookerji, Radha Kumud
1637:MacLagan, R. (1885).
1494:- first recipient of
1436:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
1388:
1341:
1287:
1244:
1184:
1128:
1058:
882:
755:
712:, on the west by the
697:
689:
234:
3314:Plateaus of Pakistan
2114:John, Asher (2009).
851:Alexander Cunningham
793:Sivapithecus indicus
143:Show map of Pakistan
2705:"KATAS RAJ TEMPLES"
2120:CardinalScholar 1.0
1878:in ancient India".
1831:Rothermund, Dietmar
1468:Raja Pervaiz Ashraf
1264:in the province of
1260:, near the city of
1171:World Heritage Site
1093:monastery, and the
1019:near Rawalpindi in
859:World Heritage Site
811:Indian subcontinent
768:in the 6th century.
173: /
3254:Sulaiman Mountains
2444:www.britannica.com
2312:Unknown parameter
2068:Hussain, Shaheed.
1836:A History of India
1520:Pir Meher Ali Shah
1391:
1344:
1290:
1247:
1187:
1139:is a 16th-century
1134:
1087:Dharmarajika stupa
1065:
977:partition of India
827:Indo-Greek Kingdom
770:
758:Dharmarajika Stupa
706:
692:
644:سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار
236:
55:Highest point
38:سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار
3281:
3280:
3189:Kala Chitta Range
2879:978-1-74104-542-0
2815:978-1-56656-240-9
2781:978-0-306-30315-9
2557:(17). 7 May 2006.
2555:World Archaeology
2497:(Subscription or
2464:Wheeler, Mortimer
2378:978-1-85070-652-6
2249:978-0-8108-6344-6
2169:978-81-7304-118-1
2095:pwd.punjab.gov.pk
1846:978-0-415-32919-4
1812:978-0-415-36166-8
1623:978-3-030-73943-0
1593:978-81-85002-34-7
1191:Katas Raj Temples
1177:Katas Raj Temples
1162:on the orders of
718:Kala Chitta Range
654:), also known as
613:
612:
209:
208:
177:32.967°N 72.250°E
155:Range coordinates
3326:
3276:
3123:Cholistan Desert
3044:
3037:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3003:
2995:
2987:
2979:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2907:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2666:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2624:on 30 April 2016
2623:
2612:
2600:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2570:
2559:
2558:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2517:Allchin, Raymond
2513:Allchin, Bridget
2509:
2503:
2502:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2471:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2412:Open Geosciences
2403:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2300:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2133:Panjab. (1895).
2130:
2124:
2123:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1991:. Archived from
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1947:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1899:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1850:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1748:"Jasrat Khokhar"
1740:
1734:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1577:
1537:Pakistani Punjab
1514:Amir Khan Janjua
1407:) is a Buddhist
1406:
1405:
1348:Khewra Salt Mine
1334:Khewra Salt Mine
1296:mountain in the
1059:Panorama of the
893:
803:ancient Gāndhāra
766:Hunnic invasions
650:
646:
645:
632:
628:
627:
617:Pothohar Plateau
605:
598:
591:
576:
330:Mexican American
211:
210:
188:
187:
185:
184:
183:
178:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
144:
134:Pothohar Plateau
130:
129:
123:
111:
109:Punjab, Pakistan
103:Punjab, Pakistan
96:Pothohar Plateau
92:
91:
85:
50:
41:
40:
39:
33:
32:
31:
22:Pothohar Plateau
19:
18:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3268:
3054:
3048:
2990:
2974:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2954:
2937:
2933:
2927:Mankiala tiger.
2920:
2918:
2916:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2847:on 25 July 2012
2835:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2766:
2762:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2716:
2712:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2667:
2658:
2646:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2572:
2571:
2562:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2529:. p. 127.
2510:
2506:
2496:
2488:
2486:
2461:
2457:
2448:
2446:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2404:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2363:
2359:
2345:
2329:
2325:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2289:
2269:
2265:
2250:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2207:
2203:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2156:
2152:
2131:
2127:
2112:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1921:
1917:
1901:
1900:
1872:
1868:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1799:Needham, Joseph
1796:
1792:
1783:
1779:
1741:
1737:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1703:
1682:
1678:
1655:10.2307/1801407
1649:(11): 705–719.
1635:
1631:
1624:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1578:
1565:
1560:
1529:
1496:Nishan-e-Haider
1452:
1395:Manikyala Stupa
1383:
1336:
1282:
1239:
1179:
1123:
1053:
1048:
1046:Important sites
1013:Attock Refinery
997:
985:Mohyal Brahmins
975:. Prior to the
938:Central Punjabi
911:
894:
888:
878:Subah of Lahore
782:Soanian culture
750:
703:Jhelum District
690:Map of Pothohar
684:
648:
630:
609:
577:
567:
566:
451:
443:
442:
374:
364:
363:
293:
283:
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246:
181:
179:
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172:
167:
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149:
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142:
141:
138:
137:
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135:
131:
114:
113:
112:
106:
105:
100:
99:
98:
97:
93:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3332:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3209:Margalla Hills
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3009:
3004:
2993:"Gujrat"
2988:
2977:"Jhelum"
2970:
2969:External links
2967:
2964:
2963:
2952:
2931:
2914:
2908:. A.A. Knopf.
2892:
2878:
2858:
2828:
2814:
2794:
2780:
2760:
2735:
2728:
2710:
2695:
2681:
2656:
2647:|journal=
2590:
2560:
2542:
2536:978-0521285506
2535:
2525:. Cambridge :
2504:
2455:
2431:
2398:
2384:
2377:
2357:
2343:
2323:
2287:
2281:. p. 42.
2263:
2248:
2228:
2221:
2201:
2178:
2168:
2150:
2125:
2106:
2082:
2060:
2045:
2023:
2020:. 13 May 2018.
2005:
1995:on 11 May 2018
1975:
1963:
1938:
1915:
1866:
1845:
1827:Kulke, Hermann
1818:
1811:
1790:
1777:
1735:
1712:
1701:
1676:
1629:
1622:
1599:
1592:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1516:- Former Boxer
1511:
1505:
1499:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1451:
1450:Notable People
1448:
1444:British Museum
1404:مانكياله اسٹوپ
1382:
1381:Mankyala Stupa
1379:
1363:Himalayan salt
1358:in the world.
1335:
1332:
1281:
1278:
1274:Sher Shah Suri
1238:
1235:
1178:
1175:
1164:Sher Shah Suri
1122:
1119:
1103:Greco-Bactrian
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1017:Chak Beli Khan
996:
993:
910:
907:
886:
831:Indo-Scythians
786:second Ice Age
776:traces to the
749:
746:
722:Margalla Hills
683:
680:
611:
610:
608:
607:
600:
593:
585:
582:
581:
569:
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405:
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333:
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313:United Kingdom
304:
303:
294:
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280:
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182:32.967; 72.250
157:
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139:
133:
132:
125:
124:
118:
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95:
94:
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63:
57:
56:
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42:
24:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3331:
3320:
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3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3275:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3239:Sivalik Hills
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3169:Ghaggar river
3167:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
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3119:
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3069:
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3064:
3061:
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3057:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2994:
2989:
2985:
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2978:
2973:
2972:
2961:
2956:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2928:
2917:
2915:9780375400094
2911:
2906:
2905:
2896:
2881:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2862:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2764:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2731:
2729:9780313331268
2725:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2699:
2684:
2682:9780990631491
2678:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2652:
2639:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2605:
2604:Khalid, Laiba
2599:
2597:
2595:
2579:
2575:
2574:"Rohtas Fort"
2569:
2567:
2565:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2500:
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2477:
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2459:
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2413:
2409:
2402:
2394:
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2380:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2361:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2344:9789354923951
2340:
2336:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2314:|agency=
2306:
2299:
2297:
2290:
2288:9781119357148
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2255:
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2240:
2232:
2224:
2222:9788174880284
2218:
2214:
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2193:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2171:
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2137:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2055:Kaigoharnameh
2049:
2036:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1994:
1990:
1989:XINHUANET.com
1986:
1979:
1972:
1971:Mookerji 1988
1967:
1959:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1939:81-208-0433-3
1935:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1897:
1893:
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1870:
1862:
1856:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1814:
1808:
1805:. Routledge.
1804:
1800:
1794:
1787:
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1757:
1753:
1749:
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1480:Muhammad Amir
1478:
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1474:Shoaib Akhtar
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
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1429:Prince Sattva
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1076:John Marshall
1073:
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1057:
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1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:deforestation
1029:
1024:
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891:
890:Kaigoharnameh
885:
881:
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875:
874:Mughal Period
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:British India
844:
840:
836:
835:Kushan Empire
832:
828:
824:
823:Maurya Empire
820:
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579:Punjab portal
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427:Folk religion
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3259:Sutlej River
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3179:Jhelum River
3113:Chenab River
2997:
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2845:the original
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2750:. 2019-01-19
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2686:. Retrieved
2671:
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2628:15 September
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742:Tilla Jogian
734:square miles
710:Jhelum River
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107:Show map of
3264:Thal Desert
3249:Soon Valley
3174:Indus River
3142:Indus Sagar
2418:(1): 1–16.
2018:Daily Times
1758:: 274–281.
1488:- Cricketer
1482:- Cricketer
1440:British Raj
1256:plateau of
1224:Mahābhārata
1137:Rohtas Fort
1130:Rohtas Fort
1121:Rohtas Fort
1097:monastery.
1036:coal mining
1026:Due to low
1001:agriculture
872:During the
853:. In 1980,
807:Indus River
778:Soan valley
732:. The 5000
730:Thal desert
714:Indus River
515:Sindh Sagar
354:New Zealand
301:Afghanistan
278:Nationalism
180: /
3288:Categories
3244:Soan River
3234:Salt Range
3224:Ravi River
3098:Beas River
2754:2023-05-05
2501:required.)
2449:2022-08-17
2194:(11): 48.
2100:2023-02-15
2040:2023-04-28
1999:2018-10-15
1944:suzerainty
1744:Lal, K. S.
1732:052128550X
1558:References
1486:Haris Rauf
1462:Hania Amir
1375:Mughal era
1328:Guru Nanak
1298:Salt Range
1262:Rawalpindi
1250:Rawat Fort
1245:Rawat Fort
1237:Rawat Fort
1083:Sarai Kala
1072:Rawalpindi
943:The major
909:Demography
903:Salt Range
833:, and the
726:Salt Range
649:romanized:
438:Television
408:Literature
3108:Bhattiana
3053:geography
2948:Mânikyâla
2748:Arab News
2316:ignored (
2305:cite book
2258:435778610
2197:villages.
2145:455118747
1926:(1988) ,
1896:Professor
1886:(1): 50.
1855:cite book
1764:2249-1937
1696:220695807
1663:0266-626X
1508:Bari Imam
1464:- Actress
1367:Alexander
1356:salt mine
1160:Todar Mal
1063:monastery
1028:rain fall
945:biradaris
756:Ruins of
682:Geography
631:romanized
496:Bhattiana
394:Festivals
349:Australia
70:Geography
61:Elevation
3103:Bhatiore
2851:12 April
2606:(2015).
2519:(1988).
2188:Epilogue
1952:citation
1833:(2004).
1801:(2004).
1772:44145212
1746:(1958).
1527:See also
1413:Pakistan
1320:ascetics
1302:Pakistan
1258:Pakistan
1254:Pothohar
1141:fortress
1115:Peshawar
969:Khokhars
926:Pothwari
922:dialects
920:and its
914:Punjabis
887:—
720:and the
678:rivers.
668:Pakistan
635:Pо̄ṭhvār
491:Bhatiore
423:Religion
402:Pakistan
379:Clothing
359:Malaysia
291:Diaspora
273:Punjabis
261:Dialects
256:Language
251:Folklore
224:Punjabis
216:a series
214:Part of
3229:Sakesar
3219:Pothwar
3128:Derajat
3118:Chhachh
2921:16 June
2885:3 April
2821:8 April
2787:3 April
1671:1801407
1427:called
1324:Sikhism
1270:Pashtun
1230:Pandava
1207:Puranas
1147:in the
1107:Sirsukh
1091:Jaulian
1061:Jaulian
995:Economy
981:Khatris
973:Gakhars
965:Gujjars
961:Janjuas
949:Rajputs
918:Punjabi
748:History
738:Sakesar
660:plateau
658:, is a
656:Pothwar
626:پوٹھوار
621:Punjabi
501:Chhachh
486:Derajat
481:Pothwar
450:Regions
384:Cuisine
372:Culture
343:Oceania
244:History
204:Plateau
193:Geology
168:72°15′E
165:32°58′N
30:پوٹھوار
3184:Kachhi
3164:Duggar
3150:Rachna
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3088:Gondal
3076:Kirana
3072:Sandal
3051:Punjab
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2876:
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2583:26 May
2578:UNESCO
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1425:Buddha
1417:Punjab
1371:troops
1352:Khewra
1316:Punjab
1306:Punjab
1266:Punjab
1149:Punjab
1145:Jhelum
1111:Kushan
1089:, the
1068:Taxila
1051:Taxila
1021:Punjab
989:Aroras
987:, and
971:, and
930:Dhanni
855:UNESCO
843:Jasrat
829:, the
825:, the
799:Taxila
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664:Punjab
561:Jungle
557:Gondal
545:Kirana
541:Sandal
523:Rachna
506:Kachhi
337:Canada
307:Europe
268:Punjab
3214:Puadh
3204:Malwa
3199:Majha
3138:Doabs
3133:Doaba
3084:Ganji
3080:Neeli
3063:Bagar
2622:(PDF)
2611:(PDF)
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2073:(PDF)
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1667:JSTOR
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433:Sport
418:Music
413:Media
398:India
389:Dance
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3146:Chaj
3068:Bars
2923:2017
2910:ISBN
2887:2012
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