1145:. In response to these bans, development of prototype commercial furnished cage systems began in the 1980s. Furnished cages, sometimes called 'enriched' or 'modified' cages, are cages for egg-laying hens which have been designed to allow the hens to perform their "natural behaviors" whilst retaining their economic and husbandry advantages, and also provide some of the welfare advantages of non-cage systems. Many design features of furnished cages have been incorporated because research in animal welfare science has shown them to be of benefit to the hens. In the UK, the DEFRA "Code for the Welfare of Laying Hens" states furnished cages should provide at least 750 cm of cage area per hen, 600 cm of which should be usable; the height of the cage other than that above the usable area should be at least 20 cm at every point and no cage should have a total area that is less than 2000 cm. In addition, furnished cages should provide a nest, litter such that pecking and scratching are possible, appropriate perches allowing at least 15 cm per hen, a claw-shortening device, and a feed trough which may be used without restriction providing 12 cm per hen. Furnished cages (Enriched) give the hens more space than the conventional battery cages, so that each bird may spread their wings without touching one another if desired. Enrichment such as nest boxes, perches, and dust baths are also provided so that the birds may carry out their natural behaviors such as nesting, roosting, and scratching as though they were outdoors.
1410:(FDA) approved their use. Scientists had found that chickens fed an antibiotic residue grew 50 percent faster than controls. The chickens laid more eggs and experienced lower mortality and less illness. Upon this discovery, farmers transitioned from expensive animal proteins to comparatively inexpensive antibiotics and B12. Chickens were now reaching their market weight at a much faster rate and at a lower cost. With a growing population and greater demand on the farmers, antibiotics appeared to be an ideal and cost-effective way to increase the output of poultry. Since this discovery, antibiotics have been routinely used in poultry production, but more recently have been the topic of debate secondary to the fear of bacterial
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1230:) as well as blisters on their feet. Broilers bred for fast growth have a high rate of developing leg deformities because their large breast muscles cause distortions on their developing legs and pelvis, leading to them often being unable to support their body weight. In cases where the chickens become crippled and can no longer walk, farmers have to go in and pull them out. Because of their difficulty moving, the chickens cannot change their environment to avoid heat, cold, or dirt as they would in natural conditions. The added weight and overcrowding also puts a strain on their hearts and lungs, possibly leading to
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be transitioning away from conventional hen housing systems (battery cages) and have no conventional caging left by 2036. Batteries are small cages, usually made of metal in modern systems, housing 3 to 8 hens. The walls are made of either solid metal or mesh, and the floor is sloped wire mesh to allow the feces to drop through and eggs to roll onto an egg-collecting conveyor belt. Water is usually provided by overhead nipple systems, and food in a trough along the front of the cage replenished at regular intervals by a mechanical system.
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darkness, hence the need for a highly ventilated or open-sided coop with conditions more like the outdoors, even in winter. However, others who keep chickens believe they are prone to illness in outdoor weather and need a controlled-environment coop. This has led to two housing designs for chickens: fresh-air houses with wide openings and nothing more than wire mesh between chickens and the weather (even in
Northern winters), or closed houses with doors, windows and hatches which can shut off most ventilation.
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temperatures during cooking.) Before 1950, this was contained largely by not eviscerating the carcass at the time of butchering, deferring this until the time of retail sale or in the home. This gave the intestinal bacteria less opportunity to colonize the edible meat. The development of the "ready-to-cook broiler" in the 1950s added convenience while introducing risk, under the assumption that end-to-end refrigeration and thorough cooking would provide adequate protection.
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to reduce feather pecking and vent pecking. Benefits of battery cages include easier care for the birds, floor-laid eggs (which are expensive to collect) are eliminated, eggs are cleaner, capture at the end of lay is expedited, generally less feed is required to produce eggs, broodiness is eliminated, more hens may be housed in a given house floor space, internal parasites are more easily treated, and labor requirements are generally much reduced.
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mechanical systems to deliver feed and water to the birds. They have ventilation systems and heaters that function as needed. The floor of the house is covered with bedding material consisting of wood chips, rice hulls, or peanut shells. In some cases they can be grown over dry litter or compost. Because dry bedding helps maintain flock health, most growout houses have enclosed watering systems ("nipple drinkers") which reduce spillage.
1955:(a harmful waste product of bacteria). In a conventional hen house a conveyor belt beneath the cages removes the manure. In a cage-free aviary system the manure coats the ground, resulting in the build-up of dust and bacteria over time. Eggs are often laid on the ground or under cages in the aviary housing, causing workers to come close to the floor and force dust and bacteria into the air, which they then inhale during egg collection.
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1449:, which is highly toxic to humans. This arsenic could be transmitted through run-off from the poultry yards. A 2004 study by the U.S. magazine Consumer Reports reported "no detectable arsenic in our samples of muscle" but found "A few of our chicken-liver samples has an amount that according to EPA standards could cause neurological problems in a child who ate 2 ounces of cooked
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freedom of movement. Yarding is a common technique used by small farms in the
Northeastern U.S. The birds are released daily from hutches or coops. The hens usually lay eggs either on the floor of the coop or in baskets if provided by the farmer. This husbandry technique can be complicated if used with roosters, mostly because of their aggressive behavior.
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fully replenish bone calcium. This can lead to increases in bone breakages, particularly when the hens are being removed from cages at the end of laying. Osteoporosis may be prevented by free range and cage-free housing systems, as they have shown to have a beneficial impact on the skeletal system of the hens compared to those housed in caged systems.
1389:, claims this procedure is bad because beaks are sensitive, and the usual practice of trimming them without anaesthesia is considered inhumane by some. Some within the chicken industry claim that beak-trimming is not painful whereas others argue that the procedure causes chronic pain and discomfort, and decreases the ability to eat or drink.
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weight at around 12 weeks of age. They have a larger space allowance outside (at least 2 square metres and sometimes up to 10 square metres per bird). The Soil
Association standards indicate a maximum outdoors stocking density of 2,500 birds per hectare and a maximum of 1,000 broilers per poultry house.
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estimated that in 2002 there were nearly sixteen billion chickens in the world. In 2008, the top countries with the highest number of chickens in the world was led by China with the largest at approx 4.6 billion, followed by the US with approx over 2 billion and then followed by
Indonesia, Brazil and
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Free-range broilers are reared under similar conditions to free-range egg-laying hens. The breeds grow more slowly than those used for indoor rearing and usually reach slaughter weight at approximately 8 weeks of age. In the EU, each chicken must have one square metre of outdoor space. The benefits
1234:. In the UK, up to 19 million broilers die in their sheds from heart failure each year. In a heat wave, if a power failure shuts down the ventilation, 20,000 chickens could die in a short period of time. In a good grow out, a farmer should sell between 92% and 96% of their flock, with a 1.80 to a 2.0
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to do so. In the first week of a broiler's life, it can grow up to 300 percent of its body size. A nine-week-old broiler averages over 9 pounds (4 kg) in body weight. At nine weeks, a hen will average around 7 pounds (3.2 kg) and a rooster will weigh around 12 pounds (5.5 kg), having a
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has banned the conventional battery cage in EU states from
January 2012. As of April 1, 2017, no new battery cages are able to be installed in Canada. Farmers must move towards enriched housing or use a cage-free system. In 2016, the Egg Farmers of Canada announced that the country's egg farmers will
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Instead of keeping them in cages, free-run laying hens roam freely within an enclosed barn. This type of housing also provides enrichment for the hens, including nesting boxes and perches that are often located along the floor of the barn. Many believe that this type of housing is better for the bird
971:(DEFRA) states that a free-range chicken must have day-time access to open-air runs during at least half of its life. Unlike in the United States, this definition also applies to free-range egg-laying hens, meaning they can still be confined in hi stocking densities with limited "access" outside. The
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Waste can be managed wet, dry or by some combination. Wet management is particularly used in battery egg laying operations, where the waste is sluiced out with constantly or occasionally flowing water. Water is also used to clean the floors around nesting sites that are separate from open runs. Dry
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Keeping birds inside a house protects them from predators such as hawks and foxes. Some houses are equipped with curtain walls, which can be rolled up in good weather to admit natural light and fresh air. Most growout houses built in recent years feature "tunnel ventilation," in which a bank of fans
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Battery cages are arranged in long rows as multiple tiers, often with cages back-to-back (hence the term). Within a single barn, there may be several floors containing battery cages meaning that a single shed may contain many tens of thousands of hens. Light intensity is often kept low (e.g. 10 lux)
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While often confused with free range farming, yarding is actually a separate method by which a hutch and fenced-off area outside are combined when farming poultry. The distinction is that free-range poultry are either totally unfenced, or the fence is so distant that it has little influence on their
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Organic broiler chickens are reared under similar conditions to free-range broilers but with restrictions on the routine use of in-feed or in-water medications, other food additives and synthetic amino acids. The breeds used are slower growing, more traditional breeds and typically reach slaughter
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have been critical of battery cages because they do not provide hens with sufficient space to stand, walk, flap their wings, perch, or make a nest, and it is widely considered that hens suffer through boredom and frustration through being unable to perform these behaviours. This can lead to a wide
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oocysts, suitable protection from prevailing winds, good ventilation, access and protection from predators. Excess heat, cold or damp can have a harmful effect on the animals and their productivity. Free range farmers have less control than farmers using cages in what food their chickens eat, which
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and others as well. These contaminants can contribute to dust that often causes issues with the respiratory systems of both the poultry and humans working in the environment. If bacterial levels in the poultry drinking water reach high levels, it can result in bacterial diarrhoea which can lead to
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In a "higher welfare" system, chickens are kept indoors but with more space (around 14 to 16 birds per square metre). They have a richer environment for example with natural light or straw bales that encourage foraging and perching. The chickens grow more slowly and live for up to two weeks longer
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Traditionally, a flock of broilers consist of about 20,000 birds in a growout house that measures 400/500 feet long and 40/50 feet wide, thus providing about eight-tenths of a square foot per bird. The
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) states that the minimum space is one-half
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which results in the chicken's skeletal system being weakened. During egg production, large amounts of calcium are transferred from bones to create egg-shell. Although dietary calcium levels are adequate, absorption of dietary calcium is not always sufficient, given the intensity of production, to
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Environmental conditions are often automatically controlled in egg-laying systems. For example, the duration of the light phase is initially increased to prompt the beginning of egg-laying at 16–20 weeks of age and then mimics summer day length which stimulates the hens to continue laying eggs all
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are kept safe and secure. There may be nest boxes and perches in the house. There is a long-standing controversy over the basic need for a chicken coop. One philosophy, known as the "fresh air school", holds that chickens are mostly hardy but can be brought low by confinement, poor air quality and
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as a preventative measure, although reducing stocking rates would eliminate these problems. Diseases can be common and the animals are vulnerable to predators. Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare. In South-East Asia, a lack of disease control in free range farming has been
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In farms using cages for egg production, there are more birds per unit area; this allows for greater productivity and lower food costs. Floor space ranges upwards from 300 cm per hen. EU standards in 2003 called for at least 550 cm per hen. In the US, the current recommendation by the
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the soybean dominates the protein supply for animal feed, and the poultry industry is the largest consumer of such feed. Two kilograms of grain must be fed to poultry to produce 1 kg of weight gain, much less than that required for pork or beef. However, for every gram of protein consumed,
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press release states: "Governments, local authorities and international agencies need to take a greatly increased role in combating the role of factory-farming, commerce in live poultry, and wildlife markets which provide ideal conditions for the virus to spread and mutate into a more dangerous
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Mexico. In 2019, China had over 5.14 billion chickens, a higher amount than any other country in the world, followed by
Indonesia with approx 3.7 billion chickens. The countries with the next-highest amounts were the US, Brazil, Pakistan, Iran, India, Mexico, Russia and Myanmar respectively.
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Feces tend to leak from the carcass until the evisceration stage, and the evisceration stage itself gives an opportunity for the interior of the carcass to receive intestinal bacteria. (The skin of the carcass does as well, but the skin presents a better barrier to bacteria and reaches higher
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Broilers are not raised in cages. They are raised in large, open structures known as grow out houses. A farmer receives the birds from the hatchery at one day old. A grow out consists of 5 to 9 weeks according to how big the kill plant wants the chickens to be. These houses are equipped with
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Commercial hens usually begin laying eggs at 16–21 weeks of age, although production gradually declines soon after from approximately 25 weeks of age. This means that in many countries, by approximately 72 weeks of age, flocks are considered economically unviable and are slaughtered after
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In intensive broiler sheds, the air can become highly polluted with ammonia from the droppings. In this case, a farmer must run more fans to bring in more clean fresh air. If not, this can damage the chickens' eyes and respiratory systems and can cause painful burns on their legs (called
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In organic systems in the US, organic management starts with the selection of the livestock and should begin "no later than the second day of life". Organic poultry production requires organic management in nutrition, preventative health care, living conditions, handling/processing, and
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than any caging system, but it has its disadvantages, too. Due to the increase in activity of the birds, dust levels tend to elevate and the air quality decreases. When air quality drops, so does production as this compromises the health and welfare of both birds and their caretakers.
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For 2013, there were an estimated 1.59 cases of occupation-related illness per 100 full-time U.S. meat and poultry workers, compared to 0.36 for manufacturing workers overall. Injuries are associated with repetitive movements, awkward postures, and cold temperatures. High rates of
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Hormone use in poultry production is illegal in the United States. Similarly, no chicken meat for sale in
Australia is fed hormones. Several scientific studies have documented the fact that chickens grow rapidly because they are bred to do so, not because of growth hormones.
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than intensively farmed birds. The benefits of higher welfare indoor systems are the reduced growth rate, less crowding and more opportunities for natural behaviour. One example of indoor production with higher welfare production is the Better
Chicken Commitment standard.
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per week or in an adult who ate 5.5 ounces per week." The U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), however, is the organization responsible for the regulation of foods in America, and all samples tested were "far less than the ... amount allowed in a food product."
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square foot per bird. More modern houses are often larger and contain more birds, but the floor space allotment still meets the needs of the birds. The larger the bird is grown the fewer chickens are put in each house, to give the bigger bird more space per square foot.
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Free-range farming of egg-laying hens is increasing its share of the market. DEFRA figures indicate that 45% of eggs produced in the UK throughout 2010 were free range, 5% were produced in barn systems and 50% from cages. This compares with 41% being free range in 2009.
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such as sawdust that is removed as needed. Dry can also include open pasture where manure is absorbed by the existing soil and vegetation, but needs to be monitored dillegently so as to not overwhelm the ground capacity and lead to runoff and other pollution problems.
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In 1950, the average American consumed 20 pounds (9 kg) of chicken per year, but 92.2 pounds (41.9 kg) in 2017. Additionally, in 1980 most chickens were sold whole, but by 2000 almost 90 percent of chickens were sold after being butchered into parts.
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of free-range poultry farming include opportunities for natural behaviours such as pecking, scratching, foraging and exercise outdoors. Because they grow slower and have opportunities for exercise, free-range broilers often have better leg and heart health.
1780:– because of these concerns, in many countries and US states the practice of burial in pits is heavily regulated or disallowed. Farmers may construct their own facilities for composting, or purchase equipment to begin incineration or storage for rendering.
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and cannibalism. Scientific studies have shown that beak trimming is likely to cause both acute and chronic pain. Severe beak trimming, or beak trimming birds at an older age, may cause chronic pain. Following beak trimming of older or adult hens, the
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in human amputees and have therefore been linked to chronic pain in beak trimmed birds. If beak trimming is severe because of improper procedure or done in older birds, the neuromas will persist which suggests that beak trimmed older birds experience
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can be killed by proper cooking times, but there is still some risk associated with it, and its near-ubiquity in commercially farmed chicken is troubling to some. Irradiation has been proposed as a means of sterilizing chicken meat after butchering.
1194:, are floor-raised on litter such as wood shavings, peanut shells, and rice hulls, indoors in climate-controlled housing. Under modern farming methods, meat chickens reared indoors reach slaughter weight at 5 to 9 weeks of age, as they have been
1732:, need to comply with environmental regulations and protections. Different from mammalian excrement, in poultry (and all birds) urine and feces are excreted as a combined manure, and the result is both wetter and higher in concentrated nitrogen.
983:"Welfare standards for laying hens and pullets" indicates that the stocking rate must not exceed 1,000 birds per hectare (10 m per hen) of range available and a minimum area of overhead shade/shelter of 8 m per 1,000 hens must be provided.
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standards used to certify organic flocks in the UK, indicate a maximum outdoors stocking density of 1,000 birds per hectare and a maximum of 2,000 hens in each poultry house. In the UK, organic laying hens are not routinely beak-trimmed.
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Free-range poultry farming allows chickens to roam freely for a period of the day, although they are usually confined in sheds at night to protect them from predators or kept indoors if the weather is particularly bad. In the UK, the
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of newly hatched male chicks since they do not lay eggs and do not grow fast enough to be profitable for meat. There are plans to more ethically destroy the eggs before the chicks are hatched, using "in-ovo" sex determination.
772:. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers. More than 60 billion chickens are killed for consumption annually. Chickens raised for eggs are known as layers, while chickens raised for meat are called
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Enrichment of laying hen cages ultimately results in better bone quality. This is a result of the increased activity in the hens from the additional space and enrichment provided in the furnished housing system.
1369:, tangled masses of swollen regenerating axon sprouts, are found in the healed stumps of birds beak trimmed at 5 weeks of age or older and in severely beak trimmed birds. Neuromas have been associated with
1783:
Composting offers a safe and practical use for the organic material, while proper management of a composting site limits odor and presence of pests. Incineration offers a swifter disposal method, but uses
1313:(formerly Compassion Over Killing) and other groups have repeatedly conducted undercover investigations at chicken farms and slaughterhouses which they allege confirm their claims of cruelty.
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United Egg Producers is 67 to 86 in (430 to 560 cm) per bird. The space available to battery hens has often been described as less than the size of a piece of A4 paper (623 cm).
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in the poultry industry. For instance, a significant rise in the price of corn in the United States can put significant economic pressure on large industrial chicken farming operations.
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According to the World Watch Institute, 74 percent of the world's poultry meat, and 68 percent of eggs are produced intensively. One alternative to intensive poultry farming is
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There are more chickens in the world than any other bird. In fact, more than 50 billion chickens are reared annually as a source of food, for both their meat and their eggs.
1748:, but the wet bulk of liquids manure is harder to ship and is often limited to more local use, while the latter is easier to distribute in bulk and in commercial packaging.
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can lead to unreliable productivity, though supplementary feeding reduces this uncertainty. In some farms, the manure from free range poultry can be used to benefit crops.
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Both intensive free-range poultry and "cage-free" farming with hens still being confined in close proximity due to hi stocking densities , have animal welfare concerns.
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Chicken feed consists primarily of corn and soybean meal with the addition of essential vitamins and minerals. No hormones or steroids are allowed in raising chickens.
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Gentle, M.J.; Hughes, B.O.; Fox, A.; Waddington, D. (1997). "Behavioural and anatomical consequences of two beak trimming methods in 1- and 10-d-old domestic chicks".
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The benefits of free range poultry farming for laying hens include opportunities for natural behaviours such as pecking, scratching, foraging and exercise outdoors,.
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Milella, Annalisa; Cicirelli, Grazia; Distante, Arcangelo (March 7, 2008). "RFID-assisted mobile robot system for mapping and surveillance of indoor environments".
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Although the enriched housing system has its advantages such as reduced aggression towards one another and cleaner eggs, modern egg laying breeds often suffer from
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must be disposed of in order to limit the spread of disease and the prevalence of pests. There are a variety of methods of disposal, the most common being burial,
2382:"Genotype-by-environment interaction with broiler genotypes differing in growth rate. 4. Association between responses to heat stress and to cold-induced ascites"
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and other muscular and skeletal disorders are reported. Disinfectant chemicals and infectious bacteria are causes of respiratory illnesses, allergic reactions,
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Breward, L.; Gentle, M.J. (1985). "Neuroma formation and abnormal afferent nerve discharges after partial break amputation (beak trimming) in poultry".
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Countries such as Austria, Belgium and Germany are planning to ban furnished cages until 2025 additionally to the already banned conventional cages.
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in 99% of supermarket chicken, the result of chicken butchering not being a sterile process. However, the same study also shows that the strain of
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Gentle, M.J.; Hughes, B.O.; Hubrecht, R.C. (1982). "The effect of beak-trimming on food-intake, feeding behaviour and body weight in adult hens".
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Duncan, I.J.H.; Slee, G.S.; Seawright, E.; Breward, J. (1989). "Behavioural consequences of partial beak amputation (beak trimming) in poultry".
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that "hens have continuous daytime access to open air runs, except in the case of temporary restrictions imposed by veterinary authorities". The
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advocates object to killing chickens for food, the "factory farm conditions" under which they are raised, methods of transport, and slaughter.
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Gentle, M.J.; Hunter, L.N.; Waddington, D. (1991). "The onset of pain related behaviours following partial beak amputation in the chicken".
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in storage awaiting pickup. Government organizations, like the USDA, may offer financial assistance to farmers looking to begin utilizing
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and thus brings varying costs. Rendering has the advantage of being handled off site, and the use of freezers can eliminate the spread of
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1238:. After marketing the birds, the farmer must clean out and prepare for another flock. A farmer should average 4 to 5 grow outs a year.
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year round; normally, egg production occurs only in the warmer months. Some commercial breeds of hen can produce over 300 eggs a year.
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Sherwin, C., Richards, G. and Nicol, C. (2010). "A comparison of the welfare of layer hens in four housing systems used in the UK".
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Lunam, C.A.; Glatz, P.C.; Hsu, Y-J. (1996). "The absence of neuromas in beaks of adult hens after conservative trimming at hatch".
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approximately 12 months of egg production, although chickens will naturally live for 6 or more years. In some countries, hens are
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farming using lower stocking densities. Poultry producers routinely use nationally approved medications, such as antibiotics, in
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Poultry production requires regular control of excrement, and in many parts of the world, production operations, especially
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starter by about 70% of the broiler growers between 1995 and 2000. The drugs have generated controversy because it contains
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In 1999, the European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC banned conventional battery cages for laying hens throughout the
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Breward, J., (1984). Cutaneous nociceptors in the chicken beak. Proceedings of the Journal of Physiology, London 346: 56
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Because broilers are relatively young and have not reached sexual maturity, they exhibit very little aggressive conduct.
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reports that huge industrialized poultry operations are under such pressure to maximize profits that workers are denied
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groups have frequently criticized the poultry industry for engaging in practices which they assert to be inhumane. Many
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Poultry workers experience substantially higher rates of illness and injury than manufacturing workers do on average.
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Poultry housing has been shown to have adverse effects on the respiratory health of workers, ranging from a cough to
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Workplace Safety and Health: Additional Data Needed to Address Continued Hazards in the Meat and Poultry Industry
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2003:
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3853:"Carcass composition and yield of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets"
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Chickens farmed for meat are called broiler chickens, whilst those farmed for eggs are called egg-laying hens.
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Gornatti-Churria, Carlos D.; Crispo, Manuela; Shivaprasad, H. L.; Uzal, Francisco A. (November 16, 2017).
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111:
2826:"Animal Pragmatism: Compassion Over Killing Wants to Make the Anti-Meat Message a Little More Palatable"
1544:
too can be stressful on poultry production. How it causes disease has been investigated in some detail.
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3894:"Carcass composition and yield of 1991 vs 1957 broilers when fed "typical" 1957 and 1991 broiler diets"
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1622:
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32:"Chicken coup" redirects here. For the UK Labour Party leadership challenge against Jeremy Corbyn, see
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3937:"Nationwide Broiler Chicken Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program July 1994 – June 1995"
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Mapiye, C.; Mwale, M.; Mupangwa, J. F.; Chimonyo, M.; Foti, R.; Mutenje, M. J. (November 3, 2008).
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North and Bell, "Commercial Chicken Production Manual", 5th ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990, p 189.
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2604:"Air Quality in Alternative Housing Systems May Have an Impact on Laying Hen Welfare. Part I—Dust"
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Gentle, M.J., (1986). Beak trimming in poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal', 42: 268–275
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Beak-trimmed chicks initially peck less than non-trimmed chickens, which animal behavioralist
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Farming of chickens on an industrial scale relies largely on high protein feeds derived from
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An Electrophysiological Investigation of the Effects of Beak Trimming in the Domestic Fowl (
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2423:"A Research Review of Village Chicken Production Constraints and Opportunities in Zimbabwe"
1585:
1509:
serotype. Many of these chickens, furthermore, had relatively low levels of contamination.
706:
459:
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1490:, "1.1 million or more Americans sickened each year by undercooked, tainted chicken." A
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outbreaks. Some FDA-approved medications are also approved for improved feed utilization.
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Prafulla, R (2015). "Influence of housing systems on bone properties of laying hens".
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regulates marketing standards for egg farming which specifies a minimum condition for
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3700:"Riots, Rage, and Resistance: A Brief History of How Antibiotics Arrived on the Farm"
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2011:
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in the beak stump show abnormal patterns of neural discharge, indicating acute pain.
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In the United States, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the
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3519:"Neurobiological basis of sensory perception: welfare implications of beak trimming"
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4597:"Per Capita Consumption of Poultry and Livestock, 1965 to Forecast 2019, in Pounds"
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1559:
1553:
1464:, a controversial arsenic compound used as a nutritional supplement for chickens.
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1978:
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found was always a non-lethal form, and no chicken had any of the pathenogenic
1382:
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from January 1, 2012; they were banned previously in other countries including
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325:
4040:"UN task forces battle misconceptions of avian flu, mount Indonesian campaign"
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2150:"Humans just 0.01% of all life but have destroyed 83% of wild mammals – study"
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or electric shock in a water bath. More humane methods that could be used are
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Chickens: Layer Housing, Michael C. Appleby, Encyclopedia of Animal Science.
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3788:"The Use Of Steroid Hormones For Growth Promotion In Food-Producing Animals"
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3800:"Chicken from Farm to Table | USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service"
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2906:"Performance and welfare of laying hens in conventional and enriched cages"
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4451:"CDC – Poultry Industry Workers – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic"
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2753:"Why 20 years? The realities of transitioning an agriculture supply chain"
1406:
have been used in poultry farming in mass quantities since 1951, when the
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3149:"Undercover Investigations :: Compassion Over Killing Investigation"
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There is also a risk that crowded conditions in chicken farms will allow
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4240:"Delaware business: Chicken companies feeling pinch as corn prices soar"
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3101:"The cost and returns of slower-growing broilers : Poultry Network"
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blood poisoning should the bacteria spread from the damaged intestines.
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3176:"Egg producers pledge to stop grinding newborn male chickens to death"
2330:"European Union Regulation for marketing standards for eggs – page 25"
1772:. Environmental concerns surrounding each of these methods deal with
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2495:"Compassion in World Farming – Poultry – Higher welfare alternatives"
2021:
1908:
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Plan B: Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble
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3892:
Havenstein GB, Ferket PR, Scheideler SE, Rives DV (December 1994).
1937:
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1521:
The aerobic bacteria found in poultry housing can include not only
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995:
843:
444:
4151:"Chapter 8. Raising Land Productivity: Raising protein efficiency"
4015:"Poultry production under Salmonella stress: Infection mechanisms"
3204:"A more humane way of slaughtering chickens might get EU approval"
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attributes to guarding against pain. The animal rights activist,
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4476:"WCAHS Ag Health News – Aviary Housing Effects on Worker Health"
1756:
Mortality is a daily consideration for poultry farmers, and the
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3702:. Scientific American. Sep 3, 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
3039:"Compassion in World Farming – Meat chickens – Welfare issues"
1354:
at 1 day of age to reduce the damaging effects of aggression,
1316:
A common practice among hatcheries for egg-laying hens is the
1163:
1123:, some of which are injurious to the hens or their cagemates.
10108:
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2308:"How to Select the Perfect Breed of Best Egg Laying Chickens"
2060:
Poultry Production Systems: Behaviour, Management and Welfare
1904:
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308:
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1804:
In North American production the most common predators are:
1457:
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6384:
6172:
5381:
4410:"Predator Management for Small and Backyard Poultry Flocks"
3472:., edited by H.L. Fields, Butterworths, London, p. 47.
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to cause a dermatitis in chickens easily confused with GD.
991:
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4274:"Mortality Management Options for Georgia Poultry Growers"
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3364:
2463:"Chicken Feed: Grass-Fed Chickens & Pastured Poultry"
1871:
1814:
9674:
Overview of discretionary invasive procedures on animals
7441:
University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
3063:
2657:"Tipsheet: Organic Poultry Production for Meat and Eggs"
2037:
List of largest poultry slaughtering companies in Europe
3850:
3713:"How to reduce antibiotic resistance on poultry farms."
3321:
8965:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
4339:"Using Incinerators for Poultry Mortality Management"
3851:
Havenstein GB, Ferket PR, Qureshi MA (October 2003).
3826:"Landline – 5/05/2002: Challenging food safety myths"
3358:
3315:
3280:
3253:
2380:
Deeb, N.; Shlosberg, A.; Cahaner, A. (October 2002).
1097:
The majority of hens in many countries are housed in
990:
Suitable land requires adequate drainage to minimise
3642:
3616:
3475:
3259:
2818:
2699:
2697:
2379:
1993:
4500:"Lives on the Line: The high human cost of chicken"
4402:
3625:"Advocates Challenge Humane-Care Label on Md. Eggs"
2727:"Canada's battery cage phase-out officially begins"
783:(FDA). In the UK, the national organisation is the
4360:"Conservations Fact Sheet : Poultry Freezers"
4054:
3219:
3217:
2051:
1579:conditions are significant in chickens especially
1324:Chickens are often stunned before slaughter using
969:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
940:Commercial free range hens in the Scottish Borders
863:or drinking water, to treat disease or to prevent
785:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
4122:
4120:
2859:. Wallingford and Cambridge MA: CABI Publishing.
2694:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2276:
2274:
2058:Appleby, M.C.; Hughes, B.O.; Elson, H.A. (1992).
1744:Both liquid sluicings and dry litter are used as
11500:
11448:List of international animal welfare conventions
11206:Dishes involving the consumption of live animals
6820:List of international animal welfare conventions
4237:
3011:
3009:
9117:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
4317:"Poultry Mortality Composting Management Guide"
4148:
4063:"Gangrenous dermatitis in chickens and turkeys"
3510:
3393:
3214:
2855:Appleby, M.C.; J.A. Mench; B.O. Hughes (2004).
2282:"Compassion in World Farming – Egg laying hens"
2156:, 21 May 2018 (page visited on 19 August 2018).
2074:"Global Animal Slaughter Statistics And Charts"
1220:
8548:
4128:"Protein Sources For The Animal Feed Industry"
4117:
4068:Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
3802:. Fsis.usda.gov. April 6, 2011. Archived from
3759:
3226:
2513:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2271:
1704:chickens yield only 0.33 g of edible protein.
9599:
6735:
5998:
5362:
5077:
4668:
4373:
3481:
3425:
3123:"Compassion in World Farming – Meat chickens"
3017:"Poultry Industry Frequently Asked Questions"
3006:
2705:"European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC"
2427:Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
2180:Food-Animal Production Practices and Drug Use
1716:for poultry feed have a direct effect on the
1241:
1017:can be common, prompting some farmers to use
714:
6825:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
4547:"The Top 5 Countries With the Most Chickens"
3590:
3588:
3201:
2567:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
806:
798:, showing black terrain in foreground after
8792:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
8736:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
6763:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
4843:European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC
4572:"Global number of chickens by country 2019"
4440:. GAO-16-337. Washington, D.C. April, 2016.
2881:"Defra Code For The Welfare Of Laying Hens"
2480:
1968:
1923:
1723:
1164:Meat-producing chickens – husbandry systems
1103:European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC
802:to stimulate new growth of nutritious grass
10034:International Society for Applied Ethology
9606:
9592:
6742:
6728:
6005:
5991:
5369:
5355:
5084:
5070:
4675:
4661:
4210:
4180:Adler, Jerry; Lawler, Andrew (June 2012).
3931:
3929:
3715:July 27, 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
3551:
2904:Tactacan, G.B.; et al. (April 2009).
2675:
2673:
2583:"Free-range farming and avian flu in Asia"
721:
707:
34:2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
10213:Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
8939:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
8876:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
5939:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
4100:
3909:
3868:
3742:
3622:
3585:
3534:
3173:
2921:
2629:
2619:
2438:
2397:
1087:Poultry farm using battery cages in India
11388:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
8997:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
7249:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
4173:
3623:Hernandez, Nelson (September 19, 2005).
3407:. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh.
3151:. Kentucky Fried Cruelty. Archived from
2944:
2903:
2351:"50% of UK eggs laid by free range hens"
1456:
1293:
1285:
1254:
1173:
1082:
1066:
951:
943:
935:
916:
789:
38:
6840:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
4346:Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
3926:
3516:
3468:Devor, M. and Rappaport, Z.H., (1990).
3410:
2750:
2731:Canadian Federation of Humane Societies
2670:
2664:United States Department of Agriculture
2125:"Compassion in World Farming – Poultry"
2100:"Compassion in World Farming – Poultry"
14:
11501:
6917:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
5376:
4367:Natural Resources Conservation Service
4302:Natural Resources Conservation Service
3594:
3233:Gentle, M.J. (1992). "Pain in birds".
3232:
3098:
2778:"Laying hens, free range and bird flu"
1947:. Workers are exposed to concentrated
1250:
948:Free range chickens being fed outdoors
895:
11216:People associated with animal welfare
11176:Animal welfare and rights legislation
10064:Lord Dowding Fund for Humane Research
9587:
9133:Political Animals and Animal Politics
8937:
8721:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
8646:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
8547:
7523:
7053:Concentrated animal feeding operation
6830:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
6785:Animal rights by country or territory
6761:
6723:
5986:
5350:
5065:
4656:
4336:
4182:"How the Chicken Conquered the World"
3724:
2992:"Animal Welfare For Broiler Chickens"
2651:
2649:
2601:
2255:"Performance Records of Hy-Line Grey"
2221:
2183:. National Academies Press (US). 1999
2159:
2017:Environmental issues with agriculture
1259:Turkeys on pasture at an organic farm
11196:Animal welfare and rights by country
10099:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals
10044:List of animal welfare organizations
8864:Animalist Party with the Environment
7146:Animal testing on non-human primates
6691:
4436:U.S. General Accountability Office.
4314:
4271:
3019:. U.S. Poultry & Egg Association
2770:
2575:
2032:Poultry farming in the United States
11412:Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022
9288:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
7493:World Day for the End of Speciesism
6703:
4012:
3680:"History of the Use of Antibiotics"
2832:. September 3, 2003. Archived from
2724:
2092:
1707:
1281:
1267:
1207:draws fresh air through the house.
24:
11453:Philippine Animal Welfare Act 1998
9613:
9413:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
8756:United Activists for Animal Rights
8666:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
6800:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
6554:Environmental impact of irrigation
4909:Avian infectious laryngotracheitis
4614:
4238:Jonathan Starkey (April 9, 2011).
4042:. UN News Center. October 24, 2005
3767:"Chicken: Arsenic and antibiotics"
3567:. New York, NY: Scribner. p.
3496:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb13734.x
3174:Brulliard, Karin (June 10, 2016).
2646:
1736:management particularly refers to
1547:
1468:
1378:, although this has been debated.
1185:
25:
11545:
10079:National Anti-Vivisection Society
8957:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
8917:Animal Rights National Conference
8840:Animal Protection Party of Canada
8797:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
8651:Chinese Animal Protection Network
8576:American Anti-Vivisection Society
8050:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
6805:Animal rights in Indian religions
6795:Animal rights and punk subculture
6749:
4924:Histomoniasis (blackhead disease)
4634:
3650:"Md. Egg Farm Accused of Cruelty"
3202:Andy Coghlan (February 3, 2018).
2947:ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
2751:Lambert, T (September 19, 2016).
2222:Woods, Prince T. (October 2008).
1975:Food and Agriculture Organization
1562:(bird flu) to spread quickly. A
1330:low atmospheric pressure stunning
1126:
11483:
11482:
9805:Intrinsic value in animal ethics
9564:
9563:
9125:Animal Rights Without Liberation
8776:Voice for Animals Humane Society
7503:World Day for the End of Fishing
7498:World Day for Laboratory Animals
6928:Equal consideration of interests
6702:
6690:
6678:
6667:
6666:
5516:
4969:Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome
4640:
3961:"Revised Young Chicken Baseline"
3602:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 176.
1996:
1949:airborne particulate matter (PM)
1437:drugs that also promote growth.
1339:
1199:nine-pound (4 kg) average.
690:
57:
11470:List of animal rights advocates
8846:Animal Justice Party of Finland
8731:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
7940:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
7528:(academics, writers, activists)
7421:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
6622:Agriculture and the environment
6359:British Agricultural Revolution
6012:
4838:Abnormal behaviour in captivity
4589:
4564:
4539:
4517:
4492:
4468:
4443:
4430:
4352:
4330:
4308:
4287:
4265:
4231:
4204:
4142:
4032:
4006:
3985:
3953:
3885:
3844:
3818:
3792:
3781:
3718:
3705:
3692:
3672:
3195:
3167:
3141:
3115:
3092:
3057:
3031:
2953:
2938:
2897:
2873:
2848:
2799:
2783:
2744:
2718:
2595:
2455:
2414:
2373:
2343:
2322:
2300:
2247:
2042:Prospect of poultry production
2004:Agriculture and Agronomy portal
1298:Chickens transported in a truck
1190:Meat chickens, commonly called
1078:
870:
676:Agriculture and the environment
142:British Agricultural Revolution
9889:Animal Defenders International
9745:Abnormal behaviours in animals
9069:Animals, Property, and the Law
7141:Alternatives to animal testing
6810:Christianity and animal rights
6566:Climate change and agriculture
6339:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
5668:The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck
3656:. June 6, 2001. Archived from
2806:Housing, space, feed and water
2602:David, B; et al. (2015).
2238:
2215:
2171:
2142:
2117:
2066:
1776:into the surrounding soil and
1399:Antibiotics in poultry farming
1392:
122:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
13:
1:
10074:National Animal Welfare Trust
9984:Farm Animal Welfare Committee
9909:Animal Welfare Board of India
9785:Ethics of uncertain sentience
8706:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
7411:Cambridge University primates
6943:Ethics of uncertain sentience
5944:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
4315:Ritz, Casey (November 2015).
4214:Nutrition and feeding of fish
3561:; Johnson, Catherine (2005).
3484:Australian Veterinary Journal
3125:. Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from
3099:Davies, Jake (May 13, 2020).
3041:. Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from
2857:Poultry Behaviour and Welfare
2497:. Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from
2284:. Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from
2045:
1690:
1570:
1022:associated with outbreaks of
912:
905:to re-invigorate egg-laying.
11436:Horse Protection Act of 1970
10019:Humane Slaughter Association
10014:Humane Society International
8766:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
6911:Argument from marginal cases
6344:Arab Agricultural Revolution
4919:Avian sarcoma leukosis virus
4601:The National Chicken Council
4159:. NY: W.W. Norton & Co.
3830:Australian Broadcasting Corp
3336:10.1016/0304-3940(91)90772-l
3274:10.1016/0304-3762(82)90140-7
2681:"Soil Association Standards"
2539:10.1080/00071668.2010.502518
2168:World "atch Institute, p. 26
1799:
1751:
1665:Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
1408:Food and Drug Administration
1221:Issues with indoor husbandry
781:Food and Drug Administration
127:Arab Agricultural Revolution
43:Bank of cages for layer hens
7:
11418:Cruelty to Animals Act 1876
11347:Rapa das Bestas of Sabucedo
10049:League Against Cruel Sports
10024:International Animal Rescue
9949:Compassion in World Farming
9053:Morals, Reason, and Animals
8681:Farm Animal Rights Movement
8631:Anonymous for the Voiceless
7315:International primate trade
6790:Anarchism and animal rights
5680:Jonathan Livingston Seagull
5632:The Conference of the Birds
5091:
4682:
4295:"Animal Mortality Disposal"
4272:Ritz, Casey (August 2017).
3470:Pain Syndromes in Neurology
2961:"Ecologist, September 2011"
1989:
1678:. Beemer et al. 1970 finds
1029:
921:Baby free range chicken in
10:
11550:
11406:Animal Welfare Act of 1966
11383:Animal testing regulations
9775:Compassionate conservation
9173:Making a Stand for Animals
9045:The Case for Animal Rights
8696:Hunt Saboteurs Association
8656:Cruelty Free International
8626:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
7151:Animal testing regulations
6304:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
5962:Human–dinosaur coexistence
5661:A History of British Birds
5467:In mythology and religion
2994:. National Chicken Council
2811:February 24, 2012, at the
2224:"Fresh-Air Poultry Houses"
1623:Staphylococcus epidermidis
1551:
1477:
1417:
1396:
1350:Laying hens are routinely
1343:
1242:Indoor with higher welfare
1167:
1130:
1090:
1056:
1052:
1038:
959:
87:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
31:
11478:
11462:
11375:
11317:International Primate Day
11267:
11229:
11153:
10968:
10910:Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell
10797:
10788:
10423:
10252:
10243:
10162:
9876:
9828:
9737:
9699:Welfare of farmed insects
9621:
9559:
9532:
9479:
9429:
9369:
9362:
9328:The Ghosts in Our Machine
9183:
9165:Animal Ethics in the Wild
8948:
8944:
8933:
8909:
8820:
8784:
8601:Animal Legal Defense Fund
8568:
8561:
8557:
8543:
8380:
8099:
8092:
7895:William Hamilton Drummond
7837:
7546:
7537:
7533:
7519:
7480:
7459:
7398:
7348:
7290:
7262:
7254:Welfare of farmed insects
7199:
7131:
7023:
7016:
6881:Animal–industrial complex
6848:
6772:
6768:
6757:
6663:
6654:Universities and colleges
6630:
6574:
6522:
6383:
6287:
6272:Universities and colleges
6084:
6077:
6043:
6020:
5967:Category:Birds and humans
5954:
5894:Henry Constantine Richter
5836:
5798:
5568:
5525:
5514:
5388:
5226:
5193:
5155:
5099:
4991:Infectious bursal disease
4980:Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3
4894:
4851:
4763:
4740:
4690:
3993:"Poultry Dipslides Tests"
3832:. Abc.net.au. May 5, 2002
3727:"A Broad View of Arsenic"
3685:December 5, 2016, at the
3379:10.1080/00071669708418022
3301:10.1080/00071668908417172
3247:10.1017/S0962728600015189
3078:10.1108/01439910810854638
1422:Poultry feed can include
1276:
1116:Animal welfare scientists
807:Intensive and alternative
614:Universities and colleges
574:Universities and colleges
10621:Alasdair Alpin MacGregor
10171:American Humane Magazine
10089:Party for Animal Welfare
9914:Animal Welfare Institute
9714:Feedback (pork industry)
9664:Intensive animal farming
9406:Journal of Animal Ethics
9272:Your Mommy Kills Animals
8661:Direct Action Everywhere
8065:Johann Heinrich Winckler
8010:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
7467:Direct Action Everywhere
7171:Huntingdon Life Sciences
7156:Labcorp Drug Development
7113:Feedback (pork industry)
7078:Intensive animal farming
6815:History of animal rights
6639:Agriculturist profession
6116:Agricultural engineering
6101:Agricultural cooperative
5579:Bird-and-flower painting
4755:List of poultry feathers
4149:Lester R. Brown (2003).
4085:10.1177/1040638717742435
3403:Gallus gallus domesticus
1969:World chicken population
1924:Worker health and safety
1794:environmentally friendly
1724:Waste management, manure
599:Agriculturist profession
418:Agricultural engineering
403:Agricultural cooperative
27:Part of animal husbandry
11430:EU Directive 1999/74/EC
11424:EU Directive 2010/63/EU
11400:Animal Welfare Act 2006
11394:Animal Welfare Act 1999
11357:Surin Elephant Round-up
11161:Animal advocacy parties
10696:Thomas Bywater Smithies
10666:Maude Gillette Phillips
10656:Catherine Louisa Pirkis
10561:Catherine Victoria Hall
10149:World Animal Protection
10144:Wildlife Aid Foundation
9541:Holocaust on your Plate
9312:An Apology to Elephants
9093:Do Animals Have Rights?
9029:Animals, Men and Morals
9005:Better-World Philosophy
8882:Italian Animalist Party
8761:United Poultry Concerns
8716:Last Chance for Animals
8611:Animal Liberation Front
8498:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
6983:Replaceability argument
6901:Animal-free agriculture
6544:Agricultural wastewater
6267:Sustainable food system
6262:Sustainable agriculture
6153:Animal-free agriculture
6121:Agricultural technology
5046:Tibial dyschondroplasia
5041:Squamous cell carcinoma
4750:List of chicken colours
4217:. Springer. p. 9.
3367:British Poultry Science
3289:British Poultry Science
3262:Applied Animal Ethology
2795:10.1081/E-EAS-120019534
2581:WSPA International>
2527:British Poultry Science
2166:State of the World 2006
1940:, and skin infections.
1592:Clostridium perfringens
836:and other poultry (70%)
569:Sustainable food system
564:Sustainable agriculture
455:Animal-free agriculture
423:Agricultural technology
11332:Monkey Buffet Festival
10481:Gerard Lysley Derriman
10134:Toronto Humane Society
9800:Humane law enforcement
9760:Animal welfare science
9750:Animal psychopathology
9514:Salvation of Innocents
9061:Zoos and Animal Rights
8636:Beauty Without Cruelty
8596:Animal Justice Project
7930:John Zephaniah Holwell
7584:Stephen St. C. Bostock
7161:Great ape research ban
6780:Animal rights movement
6644:Agricultural machinery
6602:History of agriculture
6587:Agriculture by country
6582:Agricultural machinery
6539:Agricultural pollution
6534:Agricultural expansion
6309:Austronesian expansion
6220:Mechanised agriculture
5934:BirdLife International
5874:John Gerrard Keulemans
5826:of the Tower of London
5687:In theatre and ballet
5496:Driven grouse shooting
5316:Organic egg production
5251:Cannibalism in poultry
4381:"Predators of Poultry"
4337:Burns, Robert (2015).
4130:. Fao.org. May 3, 2002
3564:Animals in Translation
3517:Kuenzel, W.J. (2001).
2780:retrieved July 6, 2007
2592:retrieved July 6, 2007
2588:June 25, 2008, at the
2440:10.5713/ajas.2008.r.07
1934:carpal tunnel syndrome
1718:cost of doing business
1641:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1617:Staphylococcus xylosus
1465:
1334:inert gas asphyxiation
1299:
1291:
1260:
1182:
1088:
1075:
957:
949:
941:
933:
803:
697:Agriculture portal
656:History of agriculture
641:Agriculture by country
636:Agricultural machinery
604:Agricultural machinery
522:Mechanised agriculture
92:Austronesian expansion
44:
11259:Tza'ar ba'alei chayim
10511:Agnes Estcourt-Oswald
10270:Matthew E. Bershadker
10227:The Animals' Guardian
9979:Eurogroup for Animals
9863:Pain in invertebrates
9770:Behavioral enrichment
9704:Wild animal suffering
9669:Intensive pig farming
9533:Fairs and exhibitions
9420:The Animals' Defender
9392:Cahiers antispécistes
9320:Speciesism: The Movie
9141:Animal (De)liberation
9101:Striking at the Roots
9013:The Universal Kinship
8973:The Rights of Animals
8894:People Animals Nature
8888:Party for the Animals
8701:In Defense of Animals
8463:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
7850:David Renaud Boullier
7436:Silver Spring monkeys
7335:Wild animal suffering
7244:Pain in invertebrates
7083:Intensive pig farming
6973:Opposition to hunting
6938:Ethics of eating meat
6649:Government ministries
6592:Agriculture companies
6428:Convertible husbandry
6106:Agricultural supplies
6056:Agricultural Engineer
4415:Cooperative Extension
4387:Ohio State University
3870:10.1093/ps/82.10.1509
3769:. ConsumerReports.org
3725:Jones, F. T. (2007).
3600:In Defense of Animals
3399:Breward, J., (1985).
3129:on September 28, 2011
2923:10.3382/ps.2008-00369
2501:on September 28, 2011
2399:10.1093/ps/81.10.1454
2310:. homesteadchores.com
2288:on September 28, 2011
2027:Hy-Line International
1796:mortality solutions.
1671:Gallibacterium anatis
1647:Enterococcus faecalis
1635:Pasteurella multocida
1611:Staphylococcus aureus
1599:Clostridium sordellii
1581:gangrenous dermatitis
1460:
1412:antibiotic resistance
1297:
1289:
1258:
1236:feed conversion ratio
1181:in a production house
1177:
1086:
1070:
956:Chicken coop in Ghana
955:
947:
939:
920:
883:is a structure where
793:
646:Agriculture companies
609:Government ministries
408:Agricultural supplies
245:Convertible husbandry
42:
11352:Running of the bulls
11071:Francis Orpen Morris
10756:Caroline Earle White
10671:Samuel Jackson Pratt
10591:Velma Bronn Johnston
10461:Victoria Braithwaite
10340:Emily Patterson-Kane
10290:Judy MacArthur Clark
9904:Animal Aid Unlimited
9894:Animal Welfare Party
9780:Conservation welfare
9724:Ventilation shutdown
9149:Sentientist Politics
9077:The Lives of Animals
8828:Animal Justice Party
8641:Born Free Foundation
8478:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
8352:Wendy Turner-Webster
8060:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
7282:Recreational fishing
7123:Ventilation shutdown
6891:Animal protectionism
6871:Animal consciousness
6299:Neolithic Revolution
6158:Cellular agriculture
6111:Agricultural science
5852:The Birds of America
5638:Ode to a Nightingale
5331:In the United States
4954:Dermanyssus gallinae
4649:at Wikimedia Commons
4525:"Chicken population"
3806:on September 3, 2011
3536:10.1093/ps/86.6.1273
3324:Neuroscience Letters
3155:on February 13, 2012
2815:United Egg Producers
2226:. Norton Creek Press
2062:. CAB International.
1586:Clostridium septicum
460:Cellular agriculture
413:Agricultural science
82:Neolithic Revolution
11277:Blessing of animals
11111:William O. Stillman
11066:Basheer Ahmad Masri
11026:J. Morewood Dowsett
11021:Christian Adam Dann
10771:Alice Morgan Wright
10706:Ellin Prince Speyer
10521:Aida McAnn Flemming
10516:Edward G. Fairholme
10446:Madeleine Bemelmans
10300:Peter Ronald Davies
10154:World Horse Welfare
10059:Network for Animals
9939:Blue Cross of India
9853:Pain in crustaceans
9848:Pain in cephalopods
9815:Three Rs principles
9659:Eating live seafood
9654:Eating live animals
9649:Livestock dehorning
9573:( 139 )
9399:Etica & Animali
9385:Between the Species
9109:An American Trilogy
8802:Humanitarian League
8413:Frances Power Cobbe
8025:Arthur Schopenhauer
8020:Henry Stephens Salt
7900:Edward Payson Evans
7594:Stephen R. L. Clark
7451:War of the currents
7340:Wildlife management
7234:Pain in crustaceans
7229:Pain in cephalopods
5889:Roger Tory Peterson
4622:"Lives on the Line"
4488:on August 20, 2016.
4390:. December 20, 2018
4246:. Delaware Online.
4211:Tom Lovell (1998).
4192:on November 5, 2012
3181:The Washington Post
3045:on October 23, 2013
2963:. September 8, 2011
2836:on December 3, 2012
2148:Damian Carrington,
1746:organic fertilizers
1251:Free-range broilers
1121:abnormal behaviours
1044:recordkeeping. The
896:Egg-laying chickens
341:Steam sterilization
11342:Pushkar Camel Fair
11201:Cruelty to animals
11186:Animal sanctuaries
11126:D. G. M. Wood-Gush
11081:Siobhan O'Sullivan
10746:Christopher Wathes
10716:Elisabeth Svendsen
10691:Catherine Smithies
10546:Colesworthey Grant
10260:Michael C. Appleby
10094:People for Animals
9843:Pain in amphibians
9790:Ethical omnivorism
9336:Unlocking the Cage
9157:Wild Animal Ethics
8981:The Ethics of Diet
8858:Animalist Movement
8834:Animal Politics EU
8746:Sentience Politics
8372:That Vegan Teacher
7985:Siobhan O'Sullivan
7970:José Ferrater Mora
7779:Steve F. Sapontzis
7272:Commercial fishing
7224:Pain in amphibians
7214:Cruelty to animals
7186:Operation Backfire
7025:Animal agriculture
6933:Emotion in animals
6433:Rotational grazing
6349:Columbian exchange
5904:Archibald Thorburn
5847:John James Audubon
5256:Chicken eyeglasses
4934:Campylobacteriosis
4551:top5ofanything.com
3911:10.3382/ps.0731795
3440:10.1007/BF01951693
2621:10.3390/ani5030368
2080:. October 10, 2018
1945:chronic bronchitis
1843:long-tailed weasel
1774:nutrient pollution
1583:. GD is caused by
1466:
1300:
1292:
1261:
1183:
1089:
1076:
958:
950:
942:
934:
923:Ishwarganj Upazila
804:
742:domesticated birds
250:Rotational grazing
132:Columbian exchange
45:
11496:
11495:
11327:Dog Meat Festival
11302:Gadhimai festival
11149:
11148:
11091:Francis H. Rowley
11086:Charles Reinhardt
11016:Stephen Coleridge
10875:Alistair Lawrence
10810:Jonathan Balcombe
10784:
10783:
10726:Ralph Waldo Trine
10711:Christine Stevens
10641:Lady Mount Temple
10571:Rachel Hirschfeld
10441:H. Baillie-Weaver
10178:Animal Protection
10054:Marine Connection
9719:Foam depopulation
9644:Cormorant culling
9581:
9580:
9574:
9555:
9554:
9551:
9550:
9522:Onward to Freedom
9490:Animal Liberation
9475:
9474:
9296:Forks Over Knives
9248:Peaceable Kingdom
9208:Shores of Silence
9200:A Cow at My Table
9085:Eternal Treblinka
9037:Animal Liberation
8929:
8928:
8925:
8924:
8816:
8815:
8751:Uncaged Campaigns
8726:Mercy for Animals
8691:Great Ape Project
8606:Animal Liberation
8552:(groups, parties)
8539:
8538:
8535:
8534:
8531:
8530:
8438:Elizabeth Farians
8347:Christine Townend
8287:Heather Nicholson
8212:Brigitte Gothière
8202:Antoine Goetschel
8088:
8087:
7749:Charles Patterson
7654:Gary L. Francione
7629:Josephine Donovan
7619:Daniel Dombrowski
7599:Alasdair Cochrane
7515:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7394:
7393:
7325:Predation problem
7209:Animal euthanasia
7118:Foam depopulation
6953:Insects in ethics
6717:
6716:
6277:Urban agriculture
6250:Rice-duck farming
6198:Intensive farming
6168:Extensive farming
5980:
5979:
5915:Conservationists
5884:Richard Lewington
5674:The Ugly Duckling
5491:Cormorant fishing
5418:Bird conservation
5344:
5343:
5276:Chicken harvester
5059:
5058:
5016:Newcastle disease
4996:Infectious coryza
4647:Poultry husbandry
4645:Media related to
4224:978-0-412-07701-2
4166:978-0-393-05859-8
4077:SAGE Publications
4013:Yashroy, Rakesh.
3744:10.1093/ps/86.1.2
3609:978-1-4051-1941-2
3578:978-0-7432-4769-6
3103:. Poultry.network
2866:978-0-85199-667-7
2433:(11): 1680–1688.
2392:(10): 1454–1462.
2012:Chicken harvester
1963:access to toilets
1907:, especially the
1874:, especially the
1857:, especially the
1837:, especially the
1817:, especially the
1730:larger operations
1605:Clostridium novyi
1494:study discovered
731:
730:
579:Urban agriculture
552:Rice-duck farming
500:Intensive farming
470:Extensive farming
16:(Redirected from
11541:
11514:Animal husbandry
11486:
11485:
11442:Hunting Act 2004
11367:World Animal Day
11292:Combat de Reines
11181:Animal sacrifice
11096:W. M. S. Russell
11076:George Nicholson
10976:George T. Angell
10920:Susan J. Pearson
10820:Geoffrey Barstow
10795:
10794:
10761:Emily Williamson
10616:Victoria Lidiard
10566:Edward Hemingway
10551:George Greenwood
10491:Marjorie Doggett
10415:Tina M. Widowski
10390:Adolfo Sansolini
10265:Cynthia Bathurst
10250:
10249:
10220:Our Dumb Animals
9831:nonhuman animals
9709:Wildlife farming
9608:
9601:
9594:
9585:
9584:
9572:
9567:
9566:
9378:Animal Sentience
9367:
9366:
9232:Legally Blonde 2
9192:The Animals Film
8946:
8945:
8935:
8934:
8741:Rise for Animals
8566:
8565:
8559:
8558:
8545:
8544:
8408:Edith Carrington
8312:Craig Rosebraugh
8272:Virginia McKenna
8262:Jo-Anne McArthur
8192:Juliet Gellatley
8097:
8096:
8055:Mary Anne Warren
7995:Humphrey Primatt
7980:Edward Nicholson
7950:Charles R. Magel
7915:Thomas G. Gentry
7774:Richard D. Ryder
7714:Thomas Lepeltier
7544:
7543:
7535:
7534:
7521:
7520:
7488:World Animal Day
7446:Unnecessary Fuss
7406:Brown Dog affair
7376:Animals in sport
7366:Animal slaughter
7361:Animal sacrifice
7300:Culling wildlife
7103:Wildlife farming
7021:
7020:
6866:Animal cognition
6835:Total liberation
6770:
6769:
6759:
6758:
6744:
6737:
6730:
6721:
6720:
6706:
6705:
6694:
6693:
6682:
6670:
6669:
6514:Wildlife farming
6364:Green Revolution
6315:Ancient history
6255:Rice-fish system
6163:Contract farming
6148:Animal husbandry
6007:
6000:
5993:
5984:
5983:
5520:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5348:
5347:
5321:Pastured poultry
5086:
5079:
5072:
5063:
5062:
4803:Broiler industry
4677:
4670:
4663:
4654:
4653:
4644:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4481:. Archived from
4480:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4447:
4441:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4364:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4343:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4299:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4278:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4188:. Archived from
4177:
4171:
4170:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4124:
4115:
4114:
4104:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3973:on June 25, 2012
3972:
3966:. Archived from
3965:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3941:
3933:
3924:
3923:
3913:
3904:(12): 1795–804.
3889:
3883:
3882:
3872:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3796:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3746:
3722:
3716:
3709:
3703:
3696:
3690:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3660:on July 26, 2009
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3538:
3529:(6): 1273–1282.
3514:
3508:
3507:
3479:
3473:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3434:(9): 1132–1134.
3423:
3417:
3414:
3408:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3268:(1–2): 147–157.
3257:
3251:
3250:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3066:Industrial Robot
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3013:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2988:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2925:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2885:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2822:
2816:
2803:
2797:
2787:
2781:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2661:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2623:
2599:
2593:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2558:
2522:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2491:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2442:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2401:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2361:on April 4, 2016
2357:. Archived from
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2259:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2055:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1890:Virginia opossum
1876:great horned owl
1714:commodity prices
1708:Economic factors
1629:Escherichia coli
1487:Consumer Reports
1282:Humane treatment
1268:Organic broilers
1196:selectively bred
1170:Broiler industry
1046:Soil Association
841:
831:
794:Poultry farm in
738:animal husbandry
723:
716:
709:
695:
694:
693:
557:Rice-fish system
465:Contract farming
450:Animal husbandry
188:Animal husbandry
147:Green Revolution
98:Ancient history
61:
47:
46:
21:
11549:
11548:
11544:
11543:
11542:
11540:
11539:
11538:
11509:Poultry farming
11499:
11498:
11497:
11492:
11474:
11458:
11371:
11269:
11263:
11231:
11225:
11145:
11121:Ernst von Weber
11056:E. Douglas Hume
10981:Patrick Bateson
10964:
10960:Peter Wohlleben
10905:Virginia Morell
10885:Jeremy Marchant
10880:David Macdonald
10870:Barbara J. King
10790:
10780:
10766:H. Fergie Woods
10636:Shirley McGreal
10531:Basil Goldstone
10501:Alice Drakoules
10431:Gertrude Ansell
10419:
10355:Christine Nicol
10245:
10239:
10158:
10114:RSPCA Australia
9944:Cats Protection
9899:American Humane
9872:
9838:Pain in animals
9830:
9824:
9820:Welfare biology
9733:
9684:Poultry farming
9617:
9612:
9582:
9577:
9547:
9528:
9471:
9452:Muutoksen kevät
9425:
9358:
9264:Behind the Mask
9179:
8989:Animals' Rights
8940:
8921:
8905:
8812:
8780:
8553:
8527:
8388:Cleveland Amory
8376:
8342:Darren Thurston
8337:Marianne Thieme
8187:Bruce Friedrich
8152:Joey Carbstrong
8137:Brigitte Bardot
8084:
8075:Jon Wynne-Tyson
7965:J. Howard Moore
7910:John Galsworthy
7890:Wilhelm Dietler
7833:
7829:Corey Lee Wrenn
7739:Martha Nussbaum
7649:Lawrence Finsen
7589:Paola Cavalieri
7564:Kristin Andrews
7539:
7529:
7507:
7476:
7455:
7390:
7344:
7286:
7258:
7219:Pain in animals
7195:
7127:
7093:Poultry farming
7012:
6844:
6764:
6753:
6748:
6718:
6713:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6626:
6617:Poultry farming
6570:
6525:
6518:
6489:Poultry farming
6379:
6355:Modern history
6335:Post-classical
6283:
6282:
6281:
6225:Organic farming
6080:
6079:
6075:
6039:
6016:
6011:
5981:
5976:
5950:
5832:
5794:
5564:
5521:
5512:
5384:
5375:
5345:
5340:
5301:Furnished cages
5296:Free-range eggs
5228:Poultry farming
5222:
5189:
5151:
5127:Domestic pigeon
5095:
5090:
5060:
5055:
5006:Marek's disease
4914:Avian influenza
4890:
4847:
4798:Poultry farming
4793:Chicken tractor
4783:Furnished cages
4759:
4736:
4686:
4681:
4637:
4632:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4605:
4603:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4580:
4578:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4530:
4528:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4508:
4506:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4485:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4459:
4457:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4435:
4431:
4421:
4419:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4391:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4319:
4313:
4309:
4304:. January 2011.
4297:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4276:
4270:
4266:
4256:
4254:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4178:
4174:
4167:
4147:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4059:
4055:
4045:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4011:
4007:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3927:
3890:
3886:
3863:(10): 1509–18.
3849:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3807:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3782:
3772:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3731:Poultry Science
3723:
3719:
3711:Roth, Natalia.
3710:
3706:
3698:Ogle, Maureen.
3697:
3693:
3687:Wayback Machine
3678:Castonon, J.R.
3677:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3654:Washington Post
3648:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3629:Washington Post
3621:
3617:
3610:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3559:Grandin, Temple
3556:
3552:
3523:Poultry Science
3515:
3511:
3480:
3476:
3467:
3463:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3398:
3394:
3363:
3359:
3320:
3316:
3285:
3281:
3258:
3254:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3097:
3093:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2943:
2939:
2910:Poultry Science
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2830:Washington Post
2824:
2823:
2819:
2813:Wayback Machine
2804:
2800:
2788:
2784:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2600:
2596:
2590:Wayback Machine
2580:
2576:
2560:
2559:
2523:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2419:
2415:
2386:Poultry Science
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2220:
2216:
2204:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2184:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2147:
2143:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1971:
1926:
1802:
1754:
1726:
1710:
1693:
1573:
1560:avian influenza
1556:
1554:Avian influenza
1550:
1548:Avian influenza
1482:
1471:
1469:Growth hormones
1420:
1401:
1395:
1356:feather pecking
1348:
1342:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1253:
1244:
1223:
1188:
1186:Indoor broilers
1172:
1166:
1135:
1133:Furnished cages
1129:
1101:, although the
1095:
1081:
1061:
1055:
1041:
1032:
1024:Avian influenza
1011:feather pecking
977:free-range eggs
964:
915:
898:
873:
853:
852:
851:
850:
839:
837:
829:
809:
800:controlled burn
736:is the form of
734:Poultry farming
727:
691:
689:
684:
683:
682:
681:
680:
671:Poultry farming
628:
620:
619:
618:
593:
585:
584:
583:
527:Organic farming
392:
384:
383:
382:
357:
347:
346:
345:
177:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
138:Modern history
118:Post-classical
71:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11547:
11537:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11494:
11493:
11491:
11490:
11479:
11476:
11475:
11473:
11472:
11466:
11464:
11460:
11459:
11457:
11456:
11450:
11445:
11439:
11433:
11427:
11421:
11415:
11409:
11403:
11397:
11391:
11385:
11379:
11377:
11373:
11372:
11370:
11369:
11364:
11359:
11354:
11349:
11344:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11299:
11294:
11289:
11284:
11282:Bous al carrer
11279:
11273:
11271:
11265:
11264:
11262:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11241:
11235:
11233:
11232:considerations
11227:
11226:
11224:
11223:
11218:
11213:
11208:
11203:
11198:
11193:
11191:Animal testing
11188:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11166:Animal killing
11163:
11157:
11155:
11151:
11150:
11147:
11146:
11144:
11143:
11141:William Youatt
11138:
11133:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11106:Colin Spedding
11103:
11098:
11093:
11088:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11061:James Macaulay
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11041:Ralph Fletcher
11038:
11036:George Fleming
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10972:
10970:
10966:
10965:
10963:
10962:
10957:
10955:Jennifer Skiff
10952:
10947:
10945:Matthew Scully
10942:
10937:
10932:
10930:Jessica Pierce
10927:
10922:
10917:
10912:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10850:Temple Grandin
10847:
10842:
10837:
10835:Marian Dawkins
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10801:
10799:
10792:
10786:
10785:
10782:
10781:
10779:
10778:
10776:Gretchen Wyler
10773:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10703:
10698:
10693:
10688:
10683:
10678:
10676:Wilfred Risdon
10673:
10668:
10663:
10661:Eliza Phillips
10658:
10653:
10648:
10646:Harriet Nevins
10643:
10638:
10633:
10631:Richard Martin
10628:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10608:
10603:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10581:Clive Hollands
10578:
10576:Sjoerd Hofstra
10573:
10568:
10563:
10558:
10553:
10548:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10498:
10496:Muriel Dowding
10493:
10488:
10483:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10466:Roger A. Caras
10463:
10458:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10436:Emily Appleton
10433:
10427:
10425:
10421:
10420:
10418:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10370:Ilka Reinhardt
10367:
10365:Sharon Pincott
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10345:Philip Lymbery
10342:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10295:Kendra Coulter
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10275:Christa Blanke
10272:
10267:
10262:
10256:
10254:
10247:
10241:
10240:
10238:
10237:
10234:The Zoophilist
10230:
10223:
10216:
10209:
10206:Human Advocate
10202:
10195:
10188:
10185:Animal Welfare
10181:
10174:
10166:
10164:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9961:
9959:Cinnamon Trust
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9916:
9911:
9906:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9880:
9878:
9874:
9873:
9871:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9834:
9832:
9826:
9825:
9823:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9755:Animal shelter
9752:
9747:
9741:
9739:
9735:
9734:
9732:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9629:Abandoned pets
9625:
9623:
9619:
9618:
9615:Animal welfare
9611:
9610:
9603:
9596:
9588:
9579:
9578:
9576:
9575:
9560:
9557:
9556:
9553:
9552:
9549:
9548:
9546:
9545:
9536:
9534:
9530:
9529:
9527:
9526:
9518:
9510:
9502:
9494:
9485:
9483:
9477:
9476:
9473:
9472:
9470:
9469:
9462:
9455:
9448:
9441:
9433:
9431:
9427:
9426:
9424:
9423:
9416:
9409:
9402:
9395:
9388:
9381:
9373:
9371:
9364:
9360:
9359:
9357:
9356:
9348:
9340:
9332:
9324:
9316:
9308:
9300:
9292:
9284:
9276:
9268:
9260:
9252:
9244:
9236:
9228:
9224:Meet Your Meat
9220:
9212:
9204:
9196:
9187:
9185:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9177:
9169:
9161:
9153:
9145:
9137:
9129:
9121:
9113:
9105:
9097:
9089:
9081:
9073:
9065:
9057:
9049:
9041:
9033:
9025:
9021:The New Ethics
9017:
9009:
9001:
8993:
8985:
8977:
8969:
8961:
8952:
8950:
8942:
8941:
8931:
8930:
8927:
8926:
8923:
8922:
8920:
8919:
8913:
8911:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8903:
8897:
8891:
8885:
8879:
8873:
8867:
8861:
8855:
8852:Animals' Party
8849:
8843:
8837:
8831:
8824:
8822:
8818:
8817:
8814:
8813:
8811:
8810:
8805:
8799:
8794:
8788:
8786:
8782:
8781:
8779:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8621:AnimaNaturalis
8618:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8591:Animal Justice
8588:
8583:
8578:
8572:
8570:
8563:
8555:
8554:
8541:
8540:
8537:
8536:
8533:
8532:
8529:
8528:
8526:
8525:
8523:Gretchen Wyler
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8453:Lewis Gompertz
8450:
8445:
8443:Emarel Freshel
8440:
8435:
8433:Muriel Dowding
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8384:
8382:
8378:
8377:
8375:
8374:
8369:
8367:Gary Yourofsky
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8282:Ingrid Newkirk
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8222:Charlotte Laws
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8147:Yves Bonnardel
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8122:Martin Balluch
8119:
8114:
8109:
8103:
8101:
8094:
8090:
8089:
8086:
8085:
8083:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8070:Steven M. Wise
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8015:Bernard Rollin
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7975:Leonard Nelson
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7880:Herman Daggett
7877:
7872:
7870:Priscilla Cohn
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7845:Jeremy Bentham
7841:
7839:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7759:Jessica Pierce
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7689:Kyle Johannsen
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7614:David DeGrazia
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7554:Carol J. Adams
7550:
7548:
7541:
7531:
7530:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7506:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7484:
7482:
7478:
7477:
7475:
7474:
7469:
7463:
7461:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7426:Pit of despair
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7402:
7400:
7396:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7356:Abandoned pets
7352:
7350:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7296:
7294:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7268:
7266:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7205:
7203:
7201:Animal welfare
7197:
7196:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7176:Model organism
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7137:
7135:
7133:Animal testing
7129:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7108:Working animal
7105:
7100:
7098:Slaughterhouse
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7073:Insect farming
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7033:Animal product
7029:
7027:
7018:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6988:Sentiocentrism
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6896:Animal welfare
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6852:
6850:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6776:
6774:
6766:
6765:
6755:
6754:
6747:
6746:
6739:
6732:
6724:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6700:
6688:
6676:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6563:
6562:
6561:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6530:
6528:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6447:
6445:Insect farming
6442:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6430:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6389:
6387:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6353:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6324:Ancient Greece
6321:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6293:
6291:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6010:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5987:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5930:Organisations
5928:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5802:
5800:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5757:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5738:Animated films
5735:
5728:
5721:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5676:
5671:
5664:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5611:Gallic rooster
5608:
5603:
5598:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5584:Feather tights
5581:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5531:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5456:Model organism
5450:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5374:
5373:
5366:
5359:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5326:Poultry litter
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5286:Forced molting
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5218:White striping
5215:
5210:
5205:
5199:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
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3235:Animal Welfare
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10400:Karen Stockin
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10395:Rakesh Shukla
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10383:
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10360:Wayne Pacelle
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10325:Alison Hanlon
10323:
10321:
10320:Celia Hammond
10318:
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10315:Robin Ganzert
10313:
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10310:Alanna Devine
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10192:AWI Quarterly
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9999:Hedgehog Care
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9877:Organisations
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9868:Grimace scale
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9795:Five freedoms
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9765:Anthrozoology
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9679:Dairy farming
9677:
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9639:Chick culling
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9499:
9498:Tame Yourself
9495:
9492:
9491:
9487:
9486:
9484:
9482:
9478:
9468:
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9463:
9461:
9460:
9459:No Compromise
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8960:(3rd century)
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8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8616:Animal Rising
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8586:Animal Ethics
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8573:
8571:
8567:
8564:
8560:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8542:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8483:Jessie Mackay
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8458:James Granger
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8393:Henry B. Amos
8391:
8389:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8379:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8362:Louise Wallis
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8327:Kim Stallwood
8325:
8323:
8322:Jasmin Singer
8320:
8318:
8317:Nathan Runkle
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8302:David Olivier
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8182:John Feldmann
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8157:Aymeric Caron
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8127:Carole Baskin
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8104:
8102:
8098:
8095:
8091:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8030:Laurids Smith
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
8000:James Rachels
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7945:John Lawrence
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7855:Brigid Brophy
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7836:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7819:Tatjana Višak
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7809:David Sztybel
7807:
7805:
7804:Cass Sunstein
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7769:Mark Rowlands
7767:
7765:
7764:Evelyn Pluhar
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7719:Andrew Linzey
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7704:Will Kymlicka
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7684:Dale Jamieson
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7664:Valéry Giroux
7662:
7660:
7659:Robert Garner
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7624:Sue Donaldson
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7604:J. M. Coetzee
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7569:Tom Beauchamp
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7545:
7542:
7536:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7518:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7479:
7473:
7472:Hunt sabotage
7470:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7460:Methodologies
7458:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7403:
7401:
7397:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7347:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7305:Hare coursing
7303:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7293:
7289:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7261:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7198:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7134:
7130:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7048:Chick culling
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7022:
7019:
7015:
7009:
7008:Vegetarianism
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6906:Anthrozoology
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6876:Animal ethics
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6847:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6751:Animal rights
6745:
6740:
6738:
6733:
6731:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6711:
6710:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6665:
6662:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6612:Meat industry
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6597:Biotechnology
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6567:
6564:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6527:
6524:Environmental
6521:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6504:Sheep farming
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6408:Dairy farming
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6385:Farming Types
6382:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6319:Ancient Egypt
6317:
6316:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6286:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6230:Paludiculture
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6131:Biotechnology
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6051:Agriculturist
6049:
6048:
6046:
6042:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6019:
6015:
6008:
6003:
6001:
5996:
5994:
5989:
5988:
5985:
5973:
5972:Zoomusicology
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5859:Thomas Bewick
5857:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5843:Illustrators
5842:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5789:
5788:Chicken dance
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5773:Feather cloak
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5743:Chicken films
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5681:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5519:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5501:Plume hunting
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5441:Pigeon racing
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5372:
5367:
5365:
5360:
5358:
5353:
5352:
5349:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5261:Chick culling
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5186:
5185:Pigeon breeds
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5175:Turkey breeds
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5087:
5082:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5052:
5051:Toxoplasmosis
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4904:Aspergillosis
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4828:Chick culling
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4808:Beak trimming
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4678:
4673:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4623:
4617:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4552:
4548:
4542:
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4504:Oxfam America
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4369:. April 2016.
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4324:Extension UGA
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4281:UGA Extension
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4019:Research Gate
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3597:
3596:Singer, Peter
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3209:
3208:New Scientist
3205:
3198:
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3144:
3128:
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2821:
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2807:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2779:
2773:
2758:
2757:eggfarmers.ca
2754:
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2309:
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2287:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2256:
2250:
2241:
2225:
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2182:
2181:
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2167:
2162:
2155:
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2145:
2138:
2127:. Ciwf.org.uk
2126:
2120:
2113:
2102:. Ciwf.org.uk
2101:
2095:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1994:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1959:Oxfam America
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Cooper's hawk
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:birds of prey
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1833:
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1828:
1826:
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1816:
1813:
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1797:
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1733:
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1528:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1484:According to
1480:
1475:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:antimicrobial
1433:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1340:Beak trimming
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:animal rights
1304:
1296:
1290:Battery cages
1288:
1274:
1265:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1218:
1215:
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1146:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1099:battery cages
1094:
1085:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1050:
1047:
1036:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1019:beak trimming
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1000:
997:
993:
988:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
954:
946:
938:
932:
928:
924:
919:
910:
906:
904:
903:force moulted
893:
890:
886:
882:
878:
868:
866:
862:
858:
848:
845:
835:
827:
826:
825:
821:
817:
801:
797:
792:
788:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
740:which raises
739:
735:
724:
719:
717:
712:
710:
705:
704:
702:
701:
698:
688:
687:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
666:Meat industry
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:Biotechnology
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
624:
623:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
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589:
588:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
532:Paludiculture
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
496:
493:
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471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
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453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
434:
433:Biotechnology
431:
429:
426:
425:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
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388:
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379:
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366:
364:
361:
360:
356:
351:
350:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
321:
317:
315:
314:Sharecropping
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
278:
275:
273:
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265:
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137:
133:
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128:
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120:
119:
117:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
102:Ancient Egypt
100:
99:
97:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
77:
76:
70:
65:
64:
60:
56:
55:
52:
49:
48:
41:
35:
30:
19:
11031:Audrey Eyton
10986:Beddow Bayly
10950:Paul Shapiro
10915:Clare Palmer
10895:Daniel Mills
10890:Jeff McMahan
10855:Celia Haddon
10845:Jane Goodall
10830:Donald Broom
10798:Contemporary
10736:Ethel Venton
10731:Sidney Trist
10701:Herbert Snow
10601:Titus Lander
10596:Albert Knapp
10586:John A. Hoyt
10556:Peter Gurney
10541:Robert Gower
10486:Maria Dickin
10476:Brian Davies
10405:Patti Strand
10380:Naomi Sagara
10305:Petra Deimer
10253:Contemporary
10232:
10225:
10218:
10211:
10204:
10199:Cruel Sports
10197:
10190:
10183:
10176:
10169:
10163:Publications
10129:Tiggywinkles
10069:MSPCA-Angell
9919:Badger Trust
9858:Pain in fish
9810:Rescue group
9683:
9634:Blood sports
9539:
9520:
9512:
9504:
9496:
9488:
9464:
9457:
9450:
9443:
9436:
9418:
9411:
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9350:
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9230:
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9214:
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9091:
9083:
9075:
9067:
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9035:
9027:
9019:
9011:
9003:
8995:
8987:
8979:
8971:
8963:
8955:
8808:Oxford Group
8676:Every Animal
8569:Contemporary
8518:Andrew Tyler
8508:Nell Shipman
8448:André Géraud
8357:Jerry Vlasak
8332:Lynda Stoner
8307:Alex Pacheco
8237:Evanna Lynch
8232:Howard Lyman
8217:Wayne Hsiung
8177:Chris DeRose
8167:Rod Coronado
8100:Contemporary
8040:Thomas Tryon
7960:Mary Midgley
7955:Jean Meslier
7935:Soame Jenyns
7925:John Hildrop
7920:Arthur Helps
7885:Richard Dean
7860:Peter Buchan
7799:Gary Steiner
7794:Peter Singer
7789:Jérôme Segal
7754:David Pearce
7744:Clare Palmer
7734:David Nibert
7724:Clair Linzey
7634:Joan Dunayer
7559:Aysha Akhtar
7547:Contemporary
7416:McLibel case
7371:Animal trial
7330:Seal hunting
7292:Wild animals
7277:Fishing bait
7239:Pain in fish
7092:
7058:Fish farming
7038:Battery cage
6958:Meat paradox
6915:
6856:Abolitionism
6707:
6695:
6683:
6671:
6559:Overdrafting
6488:
6418:Goat farming
6329:Ancient Rome
6235:Permaculture
6193:Horticulture
6138:Agroforestry
6096:Agribusiness
5919:Niels Krabbe
5869:Lars Jonsson
5850:
5806:Golden eagle
5748:Horror films
5732:The Big Year
5730:
5723:
5716:
5706:The Firebird
5704:
5697:
5690:
5678:
5666:
5659:
5647:
5643:To a Skylark
5630:
5526:
5431:Cockfighting
5401:Birdwatching
5271:Chicken coop
5266:Chick sexing
5241:Battery cage
5227:
5180:Goose breeds
5137:Muscovy duck
4978:
4886:Rooster Flag
4871:Cockfighting
4823:Chick sexing
4797:
4773:Battery cage
4616:
4604:. Retrieved
4600:
4591:
4579:. Retrieved
4575:
4566:
4554:. Retrieved
4550:
4541:
4529:. Retrieved
4519:
4507:. Retrieved
4503:
4494:
4483:the original
4470:
4458:. Retrieved
4454:
4445:
4432:
4420:. Retrieved
4413:
4404:
4392:. Retrieved
4384:
4375:
4366:
4354:
4345:
4332:
4323:
4310:
4301:
4289:
4280:
4267:
4255:. Retrieved
4244:News Journal
4243:
4233:
4213:
4206:
4194:. Retrieved
4190:the original
4185:
4175:
4155:
4144:
4132:. Retrieved
4072:
4066:
4056:
4044:. Retrieved
4034:
4024:November 18,
4022:. Retrieved
4018:
4008:
3996:. Retrieved
3987:
3975:. Retrieved
3968:the original
3955:
3943:. Retrieved
3901:
3897:
3887:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3834:. Retrieved
3829:
3820:
3808:. Retrieved
3804:the original
3794:
3783:
3771:. Retrieved
3761:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3707:
3694:
3674:
3662:. Retrieved
3658:the original
3653:
3644:
3632:. Retrieved
3628:
3618:
3599:
3563:
3553:
3526:
3522:
3512:
3490:(1): 46–49.
3487:
3483:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3207:
3197:
3185:. Retrieved
3179:
3169:
3157:. Retrieved
3153:the original
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3127:the original
3117:
3105:. Retrieved
3094:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3047:. Retrieved
3043:the original
3033:
3021:. Retrieved
2996:. Retrieved
2965:. Retrieved
2955:
2946:
2940:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2887:. Retrieved
2875:
2856:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2834:the original
2829:
2820:
2801:
2785:
2772:
2760:. Retrieved
2756:
2746:
2734:. Retrieved
2730:
2725:Allison, L.
2720:
2710:November 15,
2708:. Retrieved
2684:. Retrieved
2663:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2577:
2563:cite journal
2530:
2526:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:the original
2470:. Retrieved
2466:
2457:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2365:November 18,
2363:. Retrieved
2359:the original
2354:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2302:
2290:. Retrieved
2286:the original
2263:November 18,
2261:. Retrieved
2249:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2217:
2187:February 28,
2185:. Retrieved
2179:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2154:The Guardian
2144:
2136:
2129:. Retrieved
2119:
2111:
2104:. Retrieved
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2077:
2068:
2059:
2053:
2041:
1984:
1972:
1957:
1942:
1930:
1927:
1839:least weasel
1803:
1782:
1766:incineration
1755:
1743:
1734:
1727:
1711:
1694:
1684:mucilaginosa
1679:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1574:
1557:
1541:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1502:
1496:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1421:
1402:
1387:Peter Singer
1380:
1376:chronic pain
1371:phantom pain
1365:
1352:beak-trimmed
1349:
1323:
1315:
1301:
1271:
1262:
1245:
1224:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1189:
1159:
1154:osteoporosis
1151:
1147:
1136:
1112:
1108:
1096:
1093:Battery cage
1079:Battery cage
1074:poultry farm
1062:
1042:
1033:
1015:vent pecking
1004:
1001:
989:
985:
965:
907:
899:
880:
877:chicken coop
876:
874:
871:Chicken coop
854:
814:
813:
796:South Africa
778:
733:
732:
537:Permaculture
495:Horticulture
440:Agroforestry
398:Agribusiness
355:Hydroculture
331:Smallholding
319:
202:
112:Ancient Rome
29:
18:Poultry farm
11376:Legislation
11297:Eid al-Adha
11268:Rituals and
11116:Bell Taylor
11006:Jean Burden
10991:Ernest Bell
10940:Carl Safina
10935:Diana Reiss
10840:Bruce Fogle
10825:Marc Bekoff
10791:and writers
10751:Franz Weber
10741:Jessey Wade
10721:Mary Tealby
10626:Terry Maple
10526:Lucy Furman
10451:Henry Bergh
10410:Sally Varma
10285:Jan Cameron
10280:Moira Brown
10246:and workers
9694:Vivisection
9363:Periodicals
9240:The Meatrix
9216:The Witness
8830:(Australia)
8804:(1891–1919)
8686:Faunalytics
8513:Henry Spira
8503:Hans Ruesch
8493:Jill Phipps
8488:Norm Phelps
8468:Barry Horne
8428:Royal Dixon
8423:Karen Davis
8403:Ernest Bell
8297:Ric O'Barry
8292:Jack Norris
8257:Dan Mathews
8162:Jake Conroy
8132:Barbi Twins
8107:James Aspey
8045:Gary Varner
8035:John Styles
7875:Henry Crowe
7824:Paul Waldau
7814:Michael Tye
7709:Renan Larue
7694:Melanie Joy
7679:Oscar Horta
7674:John Hadley
7644:Catia Faria
7639:Mylan Engel
7609:Alice Crary
7579:Steven Best
7574:Marc Bekoff
7540:and writers
7481:Observances
7386:Live export
7320:Ivory trade
7191:Vivisection
7166:Green Scare
7063:Fur farming
6968:Open rescue
6963:Nonviolence
6709:Wikiproject
6549:Overgrazing
6484:Pig farming
6467:Paddy field
6440:Hydroponics
6413:Fur farming
6398:Aquaculture
6393:Agrivoltaic
6374:Monoculture
6295:Prehistory
6245:Polyculture
6066:Farm worker
6044:Occupations
6014:Agriculture
5924:Peter Scott
5909:Joseph Wolf
5899:Joseph Smit
5879:Edward Lear
5816:Pigeon/Dove
5783:Cendrawasih
5768:Feather boa
5759:In fashion
5591:In heraldry
5569:In the arts
5506:Wildfowling
5487:In hunting
5476:Sacred ibis
5461:Ornithology
5452:In science
5446:Vinkensport
5236:Antibiotics
5170:Duck breeds
5026:Psittacosis
5011:Mycoplasmas
4959:Egg binding
4944:Coccidiosis
4939:Candidiasis
4742:Terminology
4455:www.cdc.gov
4186:Smithsonian
4079:: 188–196.
3945:November 6,
3737:(1): 2–14.
3428:Experientia
2967:January 22,
2889:December 5,
2686:December 5,
2084:November 5,
2078:Faunalytics
1786:fuel energy
1778:groundwater
1712:Changes in
1681:Rhodotorula
1675:haemolytica
1535:Micrococcus
1499:(Biotype I)
1404:Antibiotics
1393:Antibiotics
1361:nociceptors
1143:Switzerland
1007:Cannibalism
760:to produce
547:Polyculture
373:Hydroponics
363:Aquaculture
304:Paddy field
289:Monoculture
183:Agrivoltaic
157:Monoculture
78:Prehistory
51:Agriculture
11503:Categories
11154:Categories
11136:Hugh Wirth
11051:C. W. Hume
10969:Historical
10865:Erich Hoyt
10860:Jane Hurst
10686:Jan Salter
10651:Felix Ortt
10611:Etta Lemon
10606:Carla Lane
10471:Jim Cronin
10424:Historical
10330:Brian Hare
9964:Dogs Trust
9934:Blue Cross
9689:Puppy mill
9352:Seaspiracy
9256:Earthlings
8896:(Portugal)
8870:DierAnimal
8785:Historical
8581:Animal Aid
8473:Marie Huot
8418:Joan Court
8398:Bob Barker
8381:Historical
8267:Luísa Mell
8247:Keith Mann
8242:Bill Maher
8227:Ronnie Lee
8197:Tal Gilboa
8172:Karen Dawn
8112:Greg Avery
7990:Rod Preece
7905:T. Forster
7865:Mona Caird
7838:Historical
7699:Hilda Kean
7669:Lori Gruen
7003:Vegaphobia
6993:Speciesism
6886:Animal law
6575:Categories
6240:Plantation
6188:Free range
6183:Feed ratio
5864:John Gould
5627:In poetry
5601:Crow/Raven
5481:Sky burial
5396:Aviculture
5389:Activities
5311:Hock burns
5291:Free range
5122:Guineafowl
5021:Omphalitis
4964:Erysipelas
4866:Cockatrice
4778:Free range
4692:As poultry
4531:August 26,
4134:August 26,
3977:August 26,
3898:Poult. Sci
3857:Poult. Sci
3836:August 26,
3810:August 26,
3159:August 26,
3133:August 26,
3049:August 26,
2505:August 26,
2467:Lions Grip
2355:The Ranger
2335:August 26,
2314:October 5,
2292:August 26,
2131:October 3,
2106:October 3,
2046:References
1953:endotoxins
1859:red-tailed
1762:composting
1738:dry litter
1691:Efficiency
1577:dermatitis
1571:Dermatitis
1542:Salmonella
1531:Pseudomona
1228:hock burns
962:Free range
931:Bangladesh
927:Mymensingh
913:Free-range
857:free-range
627:Categories
542:Plantation
490:Free range
485:Feed ratio
378:Aeroponics
368:Aquaponics
235:Free-range
230:Fertilizer
11534:Livestock
11270:festivals
11230:Religious
11211:Fur trade
10244:Activists
9989:Four Paws
9929:Battersea
9729:Barn fire
9506:Manifesto
9445:Bite Back
9430:Magazines
9304:Vegucated
8902:(Germany)
8900:V-Partei³
8878:(Germany)
8872:(Belgium)
8848:(Finland)
8671:Equanimal
8277:Morrissey
8252:Jim Mason
8207:Mark Gold
8142:Gene Baur
8117:Matt Ball
8093:Activists
8005:Tom Regan
7784:Jeff Sebo
7729:Dan Lyons
7538:Academics
7526:Advocates
7381:Live food
7181:Nafovanny
7088:Livestock
7068:Fur trade
7043:Bile bear
6978:Personism
6773:Overviews
6607:Livestock
6450:Livestock
6178:Farmhouse
5779:In dance
5718:The Birds
5699:Swan Lake
5692:The Birds
5656:In prose
5596:Avalerion
5427:In sport
5423:Fletching
5406:Bird hide
5378:Human use
5281:Debeaking
5213:Scaly leg
5142:Puna ibis
5036:Scaly leg
4881:Sarimanok
4765:Husbandry
4606:March 14,
4581:April 10,
4556:April 10,
4527:. Fao.org
4422:April 21,
4394:April 21,
4385:Ohioline
4257:April 10,
4196:April 19,
4093:1040-6387
3998:March 10,
3773:March 24,
3107:March 18,
3086:0143-991X
2762:April 11,
2736:April 11,
2449:1011-2367
2230:April 18,
2207:ignored (
2197:cite book
2022:Henopause
1909:rat snake
1830:mustelids
1800:Predation
1790:pathogens
1770:rendering
1758:carcasses
1752:Mortality
1699:; in the
1462:Roxarsone
1439:Roxarsone
1432:arsenical
1428:nitarsone
1424:roxarsone
1346:Debeaking
1119:range of
996:coccidial
887:or other
881:hen house
787:(DEFRA).
661:Livestock
480:Farmhouse
262:Intensive
225:Extensive
11519:Chickens
11488:Category
11322:Kapparot
11254:Shechita
11239:Dhabihah
10789:Scholars
9738:Concepts
9569:Category
9438:Arkangel
9370:Journals
9344:Dominion
9280:The Cove
8910:Activism
8854:(Sweden)
8842:(Canada)
8836:(Europe)
8550:Movement
8080:Voltaire
6998:Veganism
6948:Ethology
6849:Concepts
6673:Category
6499:Orchards
6472:Pastoral
6143:Agronomy
5763:Aigrette
5755:In music
5713:In film
5527:Products
5436:Falconry
5411:Big year
5306:Hatchery
5246:Blinders
5195:Diseases
5031:Pullorum
4986:Gapeworm
4929:Botulism
4896:Diseases
4876:Kapparos
4833:Candling
4818:Hatchery
4722:Poularde
4576:Statista
4460:July 15,
4252:38962480
4111:29145799
4046:July 24,
3879:14601726
3753:17179408
3683:Archived
3664:July 30,
3634:July 30,
3598:(2006).
3545:17495105
3456:21290513
3352:37075517
3187:June 12,
3023:June 21,
2998:June 21,
2932:19276411
2840:July 30,
2809:Archived
2640:26479370
2586:Archived
2547:20924842
2408:12412909
1990:See also
1938:diarrhea
1914:pet dogs
1697:soybeans
1659:Bacillus
1575:Several
1367:Neuromas
1192:broilers
1179:Broilers
1030:Free-run
885:chickens
774:broilers
746:chickens
744:such as
445:Agronomy
309:Ranching
11463:Related
11221:Whaling
10119:Save Me
10104:RNZSPCA
10084:OneKind
9829:Pain in
8884:(Italy)
8866:(Spain)
8860:(Italy)
8821:Parties
7310:Hunting
7264:Fishing
6923:Carnism
6697:Commons
6509:Terrace
6455:Pasture
6423:Grazing
6369:Organic
6289:History
6203:animals
6126:Digital
6086:General
6030:History
6025:Outline
5955:Related
5811:Penguin
5799:Species
5616:Martlet
5575:In art
5560:Poultry
5550:Feather
5535:Chicken
5336:Yarding
5208:Malaria
5203:Fowlpox
5107:Chicken
5100:Species
5093:Poultry
5001:Malaria
4974:Fowlpox
4861:As pets
4853:Culture
4788:Yarding
4732:Broiler
4727:Poussin
4700:As food
4684:Chicken
4509:May 14,
4417:Poultry
4102:6505868
3920:7877935
3504:8894005
3448:4043320
3387:9510987
3344:1922938
3309:2684349
2631:4598690
2608:Animals
2555:8968010
2472:July 6,
1977:of the
1900:rodents
1884:raccoon
1835:weasels
1819:red fox
1653:Proteus
1567:form".
1523:E. coli
1515:E. coli
1507:O157:H7
1503:E. coli
1497:E. coli
1479:E. coli
1447:arsenic
1443:broiler
1418:Arsenic
1318:culling
1232:Ascites
1072:Yarding
1059:Yarding
1053:Yarding
1039:Organic
865:disease
834:Chicken
816:Biomass
754:turkeys
505:animals
428:Digital
391:Related
336:Terrace
320:Colonia
299:Organic
294:Orchard
284:Natural
267:animals
240:Grazing
220:Dryland
203:poultry
175:On land
152:Organic
69:History
11244:Jhatka
9622:Issues
9571:
9544:(2003)
9525:(2014)
9517:(2014)
9509:(2008)
9501:(1991)
9493:(1987)
9481:Albums
9355:(2021)
9347:(2018)
9339:(2016)
9331:(2013)
9323:(2013)
9315:(2013)
9307:(2011)
9299:(2011)
9291:(2009)
9283:(2009)
9275:(2007)
9267:(2006)
9259:(2005)
9251:(2004)
9243:(2003)
9235:(2003)
9227:(2002)
9219:(2000)
9211:(2000)
9203:(1998)
9195:(1981)
9176:(2022)
9168:(2022)
9160:(2020)
9152:(2018)
9144:(2016)
9136:(2014)
9128:(2012)
9120:(2010)
9112:(2009)
9104:(2008)
9096:(2005)
9088:(2001)
9080:(1999)
9072:(1995)
9064:(1993)
9056:(1987)
9048:(1983)
9040:(1975)
9032:(1971)
9024:(1907)
9016:(1906)
9008:(1899)
9000:(1897)
8992:(1892)
8984:(1883)
8976:(1838)
8968:(1824)
8562:Groups
7017:Issues
6861:Ahimsa
6685:Portal
6526:impact
6477:Bocage
6403:Cattle
6071:Herder
6061:Farmer
5837:People
5471:Augury
5157:Breeds
5147:Turkey
4712:Breeds
4705:Dishes
4250:
4221:
4163:
4109:
4099:
4091:
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2930:
2863:
2638:
2628:
2553:
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2447:
2406:
1905:snakes
1895:skunks
1865:, and
1825:bobcat
1810:coyote
1768:, and
1668:, and
1662:spp.,
1656:spp.,
1594:type A
1525:, but
1277:Issues
842:
840:
832:
830:
193:cattle
11529:Geese
11524:Ducks
11249:Kutha
10124:SSPCA
10109:RSPCA
10039:ISPCA
9994:FRAME
9974:DSPCA
9884:ASPCA
9466:Satya
9184:Films
8949:Books
8771:Viva!
7399:Cases
7349:Other
6631:Lists
6494:Ranch
6462:Mixed
6213:crops
6035:Index
5821:Raven
5621:Turul
5606:Eagle
5555:Guano
5382:birds
5117:Goose
4949:Colds
4717:Capon
4625:(PDF)
4486:(PDF)
4479:(PDF)
4363:(PDF)
4342:(PDF)
4320:(PDF)
4298:(PDF)
4277:(PDF)
4075:(2).
3971:(PDF)
3964:(PDF)
3940:(PDF)
3452:S2CID
3348:S2CID
2884:(PDF)
2776:VEGA
2660:(PDF)
2551:S2CID
2258:(PDF)
1855:hawks
1815:foxes
1673:var.
1451:liver
992:worms
981:RSPCA
849:(30%)
847:birds
824:Earth
820:birds
758:geese
750:ducks
592:Lists
515:crops
277:crops
257:Hobby
215:Dairy
208:sheep
11444:(UK)
11438:(US)
11432:(EU)
11426:(EU)
11420:(UK)
11414:(UK)
11408:(US)
11402:(UK)
11396:(NZ)
11390:(UK)
10139:UFAW
10029:IFAW
10009:HSUS
9969:DSPA
9954:CAWF
8711:L214
7431:SHAC
6208:pigs
6173:Farm
5649:Crow
5540:Down
5112:Duck
4608:2019
4583:2021
4558:2021
4533:2011
4511:2016
4462:2016
4424:2022
4396:2022
4259:2011
4248:OCLC
4219:ISBN
4198:2015
4161:ISBN
4136:2011
4107:PMID
4089:ISSN
4048:2009
4026:2014
4000:2016
3979:2011
3947:2012
3916:PMID
3875:PMID
3838:2011
3812:2011
3775:2009
3749:PMID
3666:2009
3636:2009
3604:ISBN
3573:ISBN
3541:PMID
3500:PMID
3444:PMID
3383:PMID
3340:PMID
3305:PMID
3189:2016
3161:2011
3135:2011
3109:2022
3082:ISSN
3051:2011
3025:2012
3000:2012
2969:2012
2928:PMID
2891:2011
2861:ISBN
2842:2009
2764:2018
2738:2018
2712:2011
2688:2011
2636:PMID
2569:link
2543:PMID
2507:2011
2474:2007
2445:ISSN
2404:PMID
2367:2011
2337:2011
2316:2017
2294:2011
2265:2011
2232:2012
2209:help
2189:2016
2133:2018
2108:2018
2086:2019
1973:The
1951:and
1918:cats
1916:and
1888:the
1882:the
1872:owls
1841:and
1823:the
1808:the
1492:USDA
1332:and
1013:and
994:and
889:fowl
861:feed
844:Wild
770:food
768:for
766:eggs
762:meat
756:and
510:pigs
475:Farm
272:pigs
198:pigs
5725:Kes
5545:Egg
5380:of
4097:PMC
4081:doi
3906:doi
3865:doi
3739:doi
3569:183
3531:doi
3492:doi
3436:doi
3375:doi
3332:doi
3328:128
3297:doi
3270:doi
3243:doi
3074:doi
2918:doi
2791:doi
2626:PMC
2616:doi
2535:doi
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