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l’extrémité, dans les poils longs, fauves et épais qui forment comme une couronne barbue au labelle. Le bout de l'abdomen est alors agité, contre ces poils, de mouvements désordonnés, presque convulsifs, et l'insecte tout entier se trémousse; ses mouvements, son attitude paraissent tout à fait semblables à ceux des insectes qui pratiquent des tentatives de copulation.
219:, and its abdomen plunges, at the end, into the long, tawny and thick hairs which form a kind of bearded crown on the labellum. The tip of the abdomen is then agitated, against these hairs, with disordered, almost convulsive movements, and the entire insect wriggles; its movements, its attitude are like those of insects practising attempts at copulation.
141:. Floral mimicry involves the imitation of other plants or animals, including of coloration, morphology, egg deposition sites, provoking scents, and mating signals. In the case of Pouyannian mimicry, the model and the dupe are the female and male of the same species, so the mimicry is bipolar, involving only two species, an insect and a flower.
388:
the same species by a pollinator, as a result of sexual deception. In support of this, sex-based deception in an
Australian orchid results in a higher proportion of pollen reaching stigmas than food-based deception. In another study, deception of male pollinators results in a long-distance dispersal of pollen.
387:
Although mimetic plants typically receive fewer interactions with pollinators than truly-rewarding plants do, the evolution of sexual deception appears to be linked to benefits associated with mating behavior. Sex-based mimicry results in pollinator fidelity, the continued revisiting of flowers of
359:
of females of the pollinator species. Male pollinators then track these scents over long distances. The proportions of such odour compounds have been found to be varied in different populations of orchids (in a variety of locations), playing a crucial role in attracting specific pollinators at the
193:
exĂ©cutent leurs Ă©volutions. Vous ne tardez pas Ă vous apercevoir qu’ils ont flairĂ©, en quelque sorte, qu’ils ont repĂ©rĂ© les fleurs que vous tenez ... Il se pose alors sur le labelle, de manière que sa tĂŞte arrive tout près du stigmate, juste sous les pollinies, et que son abdomen plonge, Ă
354:
Although bee and fly orchids are visual mimics of their pollinators, visual traits are not the only (nor the most important) ones mimicked to increase attraction. Floral odours have been identified as the most prominent way of attracting pollinators, because these odours imitate the
346:
One mechanism in pollination is to use incentives or rewards. These are beneficial offerings to a pollinator, enticing it to engage with the reward and thus transfer pollen. Flowering plants that do not produce such rewards can instead attract pollinators through mimicry — a form of
238:) make use of floral mimicry. Using sex-based deception, these species imitate female mating signals of certain pollinator species. This results in attempted copulation by males of the pollinator species, facilitating pollen transfer. Bee orchids (
360:
population level. The evolution of these interactions between plants and pollinators involves natural selection favoring local adaptation, leading to a more precise imitation of the scents produced by local pollinators.
92:. The mechanism is named after the French lawyer and amateur botanist Maurice-Alexandre Pouyanne. The resemblance that he noted is visual, but the key stimuli that deceive the pollinator are often chemical and tactile.
379:
for other functions before being co-opted for mimicry. These orchids increased ancestral levels of alkene production to mimic the female pheromones that attract male pollinators, a form of sensory exploitation called a
250:), specifically, utilize flower morphology, coloration, and scent to deceive their respective pollinators. These orchids have evolved traits matching the preferences of specific pollinator niches, leading to adaptive
608:
312:
207:
are performing their movements. You soon realize that they have scented, in some way, that they have detected the flowers you are holding It then lands on the flower's
111:. The flower uses morphology, coloration, and scent to deceive the pollinator. The chemicals secreted from the flower's osmophore glands are indistinguishable from the
811:
Ellis, Allan G.; Johnson, Steven D. (2010). "Floral
Mimicry Enhances Pollen Export: The Evolution of Pollination by Sexual Deceit Outside of the Orchidaceae".
277:
to the pollinator's body; the insect transfers the pollinium to the stigma of another flower when it makes its next copulation attempt. Pollinators are often
413:
351:. Such plants are called "deceptive plants" as they mimic the characteristics or rewards of other species without providing any benefit to the pollinator.
156:. Pouyannian mimicry is bipolar, with only 2 species involved, as the dupe and the model are of the same species, such as a pollinating bee.
481:"Evolution of sexual mimicry in the orchid subtribe orchidinae: the role of preadaptations in the attraction of male bees as pollinators"
1198:
330:
115:. The pollinator is not rewarded with nectar, and may waste significant amounts of sperm while trying to mate with the flower.
944:
Edwards, David P.; Yu, Douglas W. (2007). "The roles of sensory traps in the origin, maintenance, and breakdown of mutualism".
1004:
920:
112:
306:
such that pollinators become better at identifying their own species correctly, while orchids become better mimics.
710:"Evolution and development of three highly specialized floral structures of bee-pollinated Phalaenopsis species"
1230:
292:
The cost to the pollinating insects might be seen as negligible, but pollinators of the
Australian orchid
1106:
759:
Gaskett, A. C.; Winnick, C. G.; Herberstein, M. E. (2008). "Orchid Sexual Deceit
Provokes Ejaculation".
663:
SchlĂĽter, Philipp M.; Schiestl, Florian P. (2008). "Molecular mechanisms of floral mimicry in orchids".
131:
is called
Pouyannian mimicry after the French lawyer and amateur botanist Maurice-Alexandre Pouyanne.
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813:
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858:"Pollination systems involving floral mimicry of fruit: aspects of their ecology and evolution"
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137:
typically involves three species, namely a mimic, a model, and a dupe, as seen for example in
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997:
568:"Nouvelles observations sur le mimétisme et la fécondation chez les Ophrys speculum et lutea"
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In 1916, Pouyanne, with Henry
Correvon, described his observations in Algeria:
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726:
609:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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a potential female mate of a male insect, which then serves the plant as a
1183:
1169:
1044:
1034:
303:
257:
The mimicry involves secreting chemicals from glands (osmophores) in the
1174:
434:
411:
Pasteur, Georges (1982). "A Classificatory Review of
Mimicry Systems".
376:
251:
89:
876:
857:
274:
270:
216:
43:, a scoliid wasp, attempting to copulate with a flower of the orchid
31:
371:), while used for sexual deception, are produced in many species of
99:, the resemblance is to a species of bee; Pouyanne observed the bee
826:
774:
708:
Pramanik, Dewi; Dorst, Nemi; Meesters, Niels; et al. (2020).
701:
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by ejaculating onto the flower. Thus there could be antagonistic
134:
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262:
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Vereecken, Nicolas J.; Schiestl, Florian P. (27 May 2008).
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Journal de la Société Nationale d'Horticulture de France
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Journal de la Société Nationale d'Horticulture de France
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mimics a female bee to attract male bees as pollinators.
269:, that are indistinguishable from the insect's natural
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467:
181:
Asseyez-vous, en effet, au soleil, un petit bouquet d'
892:
849:
806:
804:
802:
800:
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570:[New observations on mimicry and reproduction in
566:
Correvon, Henry; Pouyanne, Maurice-Alexandre (1923).
543:
Correvon, Henry; Pouyanne, Maurice-Alexandre (1916).
533:
187:à la main, sur un talus au-dessus duquel les mâles de
899:van der Pijl, Leendert; Dodson, Calaway H. (1966).
479:Schiestl, Florian P.; Cozzolino, Salvatore (2008).
898:
797:
203:in your hand, on a slope above which the males of
856:Goodrich, Katherine R.; JĂĽrgens, Andreas (2018).
601:
478:
1282:
662:
565:
547:[A curious case of mimicry in orchids].
545:"Un curieux cas de mimétisme chez les orchidées"
542:
937:
905:Orchid Flowers: Their Pollination and Evolution
855:
406:
404:
402:
400:
998:
199:Sit down in the sun, with a small bouquet of
810:
191:
185:
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604:"The evolution of imperfect floral mimicry"
397:
1005:
991:
1199:Coloration evidence for natural selection
943:
875:
735:
725:
639:
629:
516:
506:
414:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
211:, so that its head is very close to the
143:
410:
363:Chemical compounds (more specifically,
1283:
986:
946:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
901:"Chapter 11: Mimicry and Deception"
427:10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001125
13:
14:
1312:
298:can waste significant amounts of
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1264:
1105:
1040:Aristotelian/Distraction display
329:
311:
53:
30:
752:
559:
441:
1:
1231:Frequency-dependent selection
687:10.1016/j.tplants.2008.02.008
449:"Orchids Today and Yesterday"
391:
318:Mimic: flower of Bee Orchid,
225:
127:that deceives an insect into
118:
80:that deceives an insect into
336:Model: Female longhorn bee,
7:
1012:
10:
1317:
727:10.1186/s13227-020-00160-z
453:South Coast Orchid Society
160:
84:with a flower. The flower
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1152:
1114:
1103:
1020:
966:10.1007/s00265-007-0369-3
1160:Anti-predator adaptation
486:BMC Evolutionary Biology
273:. The flower attaches a
148:Pouyannian mimicry with
814:The American Naturalist
762:The American Naturalist
666:Trends in Plant Science
631:10.1073/pnas.0800194105
105:pollinating the orchid
66:, the mirror bee orchid
508:10.1186/1471-2148-8-27
192:
186:
180:
157:
82:attempting to copulate
1251:Underwater camouflage
1030:Aggressive/Wicklerian
147:
16:Evolutionary strategy
1226:Evolutionary ecology
1211:Deception in animals
1205:Dazzled and Deceived
1165:Animal communication
349:convergent evolution
1072:Emsleyan/Mertensian
958:2007BEcoS..61.1321E
909:University of Miami
679:2008TPS....13..228S
622:2008PNAS..105.7484V
499:2008BMCEE...8...27S
244:) and fly orchids (
190:Dasyscolia ciliata
113:insect's pheromones
1216:Deimatic behaviour
375:, and likely were
339:Eucera longicornis
247:Ophrys insectifera
205:Dasyscolia ciliata
158:
102:Dasyscolia ciliata
74:Pouyannian mimicry
40:Dasyscolia ciliata
24:Pouyannian mimicry
1278:
1277:
1246:Signalling theory
1221:Mimicry#Evolution
1194:Community ecology
1189:Animal coloration
1035:Ant/Myrmecomorphy
877:10.1111/nph.14821
616:(21): 7484–7488.
223:
222:
215:, just under the
125:mimicry in plants
78:mimicry in plants
1308:
1296:Animal sexuality
1270:Category mimicry
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993:
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978:
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952:(9): 1321–1327.
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911:Press. pp.
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821:(5): E143–E151.
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184:Ophrys speculum
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154:Batesian mimicry
150:pseudocopulation
139:Batesian mimicry
129:pseudocopulation
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769:(6): E206-12.
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673:(5): 228–235.
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357:sex pheromones
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1241:Polymorphism
1236:Phagomimicry
1203:
1184:Co-evolution
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870:(1): 74–81.
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457:. Retrieved
455:. April 2021
452:
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382:sensory trap
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295:Cryptostylis
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174:Translation
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123:The form of
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100:
94:
73:
72:
61:
44:
38:
18:
1301:Pollination
1170:Aposematism
1045:Automimicry
421:: 169–199.
304:coevolution
236:Orchidaceae
1285:Categories
1175:Camouflage
1144:Vavilovian
1139:Pouyannian
1134:Gilbertian
1097:Wasmannian
1022:In animals
586:: 372–377.
392:References
377:preadapted
271:pheromones
252:speciation
226:In orchids
119:Definition
90:pollinator
1129:Dodsonian
1116:In plants
1082:MĂĽllerian
1055:Locomotor
931:310489511
720:(1): 16.
493:(1): 27.
275:pollinium
1124:Bakerian
1067:Chemical
1050:Batesian
974:43863247
886:28980704
843:45076899
835:20843263
791:16443767
783:18433329
746:32793330
695:18424223
650:18508972
555:: 29–47.
527:18226206
459:5 August
267:labellum
230:Several
217:pollinia
209:labellum
1291:Mimicry
1179:Crypsis
1077:Eyespot
1014:Mimicry
954:Bibcode
913:129–141
737:7418404
714:EvoDevo
675:Bibcode
641:2396721
618:Bibcode
578:].
518:2267782
495:Bibcode
435:2097066
369:alkenes
365:alkanes
232:orchids
161:History
135:Mimicry
97:orchids
60:Mimic:
1263:
1087:Sexual
972:
929:
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884:
841:
833:
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734:
693:
648:
638:
525:
515:
433:
373:Ophrys
263:petals
259:sepals
213:stigma
86:mimics
37:Dupe:
1062:Brood
970:S2CID
839:S2CID
787:S2CID
576:lutea
431:JSTOR
300:sperm
287:flies
285:, or
283:wasps
265:, or
927:OCLC
917:ISBN
882:PMID
831:PMID
779:PMID
742:PMID
691:PMID
646:PMID
574:and
523:PMID
461:2024
367:and
279:bees
962:doi
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