957:, were camped less than ten miles away. When discovering this, the Cheyenne, Sioux, and Arapaho warriors, not wanting the soldiers to attack their village, attacked the soldiers first. The soldiers' lead guard, was marching about one quarter of a mile ahead of the column. This command was hit first. Out of the 25 men of the lead guard, two men became casualties. After seeing this first confrontation, Lieutenant Colonel Walker sent a courier back to inform Colonel Cole of the attack. At the time, Cole was overseeing the crossing of his wagon train to the east bank of the Powder River. Cole ordered the train, out of the timber and corralled, and the 12th Missouri Cavalry to skirmish through the woods along the river bank, and to drive out a body of Indians in the woods. The soldiers pushed the warriors off the battlefield. Near the end of the engagement, another Private was wounded. At least one Native American was killed in the engagement. A snowstorm during the night of September 8–9, 1865, caused further problems for the soldiers, most of whom were now on foot, in rags, and reduced to eating raw horse meat.
1005:, a participant in the fighting on September 8, stated that the Lakota would have annihilated Cole's and Walker's columns had they possessed more good firearms. Indian resistance to travelers on the Bozeman Trail became more determined than ever. "There will be no more travel on that road until the government takes care of the Indians," a correspondent wrote. The most important consequence of the expedition was to persuade the United States government that another effort to build and protect a wagon road from Fort Laramie to the gold fields in Montana was desirable. That conviction would lead to a renewed invasion of the Powder River country a year later and
573:
758:. The surprised Indians fled the village, but regrouped and counterattacked, and Connor was dissuaded from further pursuit. The soldiers destroyed the village, captured about 500 horses, and 8 women and 13 children who were subsequently released. Conner claimed to have killed 63 Arapaho warriors, a probably exaggerated estimate, at a cost to himself of 2 killed and five wounded. He then marched north on the Tongue River into southern Montana Territory before returning to Fort Connor, harassed by the Arapaho en route. The Arapaho, who had not been overly hostile before, now joined the Sioux and Cheyenne.
190:
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168:
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125:
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712:
the group on the Powder River about 50 miles north of Fort Connor. The
Cheyennes had made their camp for the night and were asleep, and North decided to wait until dawn to attack. In the morning, his group closed in on the camp. Spotting the scouts, the Cheyennes mistook North's party for friendly Cheyennes, and made no hostile moves. Then, the Pawnees suddenly charged in on the surprised Cheyennes, quickly killing all 24, including Yellow Woman, the stepmother of
973:
52:
544:
720:
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Cheyennes wounded North's horse, and the
Captain got behind the downed animal and used it as a barricade, from which position he fought off his attackers. Scout Bob White came upon North and joined him in the fight. Several more Pawnees arrived, and the small party then shot and wounded several of the warriors who then quickly fled. The fight at Crazy Woman's Fork was the first engagement of the
818:
tobacco. When the wagons began moving again, the
Natives attacked again, killing Privates Anthony Nelson, and John Rawze. The soldiers fired back, killing two warriors, and the Native Americans quickly withdrew from the corralled wagons. After burying Private Nelson beside Nathaniel Hedges, and being unable to locate the body of Private Rawze, the Sawyers Expedition continued on.
928:
warriors attacked the camps' horse herd. The first of the soldiers to respond were seven men of
Battery K, in the 2nd Missouri Light Artillery Regiment. Shortly after leaving the camp, warriors ambushed this party, and in the following battle, five of these seven soldiers became casualties, with two
792:
George
Williford. In the evening near Pumpkin Butte, Cheyenne and Sioux Native American Warriors attacked the train, killing Nathaniel Hedges, a 19-year-old civilian employee. Later in the evening of the thirteenth, the wagons were corralled near Bone Pile Creek, and Hedges was buried at the center
960:
On the morning of
September 10, 1865, Cole's, and Walker's column's were encamped near the confluence of the Little Powder River and the Powder River when Native American warriors appeared. There were volleys and some sporadic firing. On September 11, there was more light skirmishing. On September
817:
was dressed in a United States military uniform. (Bent later reported that he had captured a major's uniform coat during the sack of
Julesburg in January 1865 and wore it throughout this campaign.) Sawyers agreed to give the supplies, which included a wagon full of sugar, bacon, coffee, flour, and
711:
For two days, Captain North and his Pawnee Scouts trailed a band of
Cheyennes who were heading north. The trail showed that the Cheyennes had about 40 horses and mules, along with one travoi carrying a wounded warrior. At 2:00 a.m. on August 16, 1865, the Captain and his Scouts caught up with
932:
On the next day, Saturday, September 2, 1865, there were at least three small skirmishes with warriors. In the first, at least one warrior was killed in the fight. In the second, no casualties were reported. In the third, later in the day, two soldiers were killed, while returning to camp after a
832:
On
September 1, 1865, Arapaho warriors, infuriated by the destruction of their village on the Tongue River, attacked Sawyers' wagon train, killing three men. Two of the Arapaho warriors were killed. The wagon train was held under virtual siege for two weeks when it was finally rescued by Connor's
985:
Connor, Cole, Walker, and
Sawyers sustained a combined total loss of 31 killed and 19 wounded. Cole claimed that his soldiers had killed two hundred Indians. By contrast, Walker said, "I cannot say as we killed one." Connor's command inflicted most of the 68-96 or more natives killed, 14 or more
684:
was riding with some of his men near the Crazy Woman's Fork of the Powder River. North and his scouts spotted a small group of Cheyenne warriors, and commenced a chase. During the pursuit, North became separated from his men by about a mile, and the retreating warriors turned on him. One of the
608:
and traverse the country west of the Black Hills. The "Left" and "West" Columns of 675 men, personally commanded by Connor and composed of soldiers from California, Iowa, Michigan, Nebraska and Ohio, along with Indian scouts and a wagon train, would move toward the Powder River with the goal of
952:
On September 8, 1865, the over 2,000 United States soldiers and civilians of Colonel Cole's and Walker's column's were marching South, up Powder River in Montana Territory. Unbeknownst to them, a village of Over 2,500 Cheyenne, Sioux, and Arapaho including the Cheyenne chief
527:
The Indians perceived the Bozeman Trail, blazed in 1863 through the heart of their country, as a threat. Although roads through the Indian territory were permitted by the Fort Laramie Treaty, they harassed miners and other travelers along the trail. At the
929:
killed, one mortally wounded, and two wounded. Later that night, two unknown U.S. soldiers in a hunting party were killed. The known Sioux Casualties during the battle of Alkali Creek, are four unknown warriors killed, and four unknown warriors wounded.
750:, with 215 California, Iowa, and Ohio cavalrymen and over 80 Pawnee, Omaha, and Winnebago Scouts. The people in the village were primarily women, children, and old men. Most of the warriors were absent, engaged in a war with the
564:
was chosen to lead the expedition. Dodge ordered Connor to "make vigorous war upon the Indians and punish them so that they will be forced to keep the peace." The campaign was one of the last Indian wars campaigns carried out by
612:
Connor's orders to his commanders were as follows, "You will not receive overtures of peace or submission from Indians, but will attack and kill every male Indian over twelve years of age." Connor's superiors, Generals
969:. Cole, Walker and their soldiers arrived there on September 20, 1865. Connor deemed the soldiers unfit for further service and sent them back to Fort Laramie where most of them were mustered out of the army.
620:
The expedition was troubled from the start. The number of men to be involved in the campaign was reduced from 12,000 to less than 3,000 because many soldiers were mustered out of the army at the end of the
716:. The Pawnees lost 4 horses, but captured 18 horses and 17 mules, many with government brands showing they had been captured in the recent battles at Red Buttes and Platte Bridge Station on July 26.
793:
of the corral. The next morning, the warriors returned and attacked again. The warriors again attacked the corralled wagons on the fifteenth, but they could not overtake the wagon train. Chief
866:, arriving there on August 13, 1865. Cole's command, during the 560 miles (900 km) of traveling, suffered from thirst, diminishing supplies, and near mutinies. Lieutenant Colonel
994:
Connor finally united all the components of his expedition on September 24, 1865, at Fort Connor. However, orders transferring him to Utah were awaiting him when he arrived there. The
766:
Meanwhile, an expedition commanded by Lieutenant Colonel James A. Sawyers consisting of train of 80 wagons, engineers, supplies, and escorting soldiers of Companies C and D of the
584:
Connor's strategy was for three columns of soldiers to march into the Powder River Country. The "Right column", composed of 1,400 Missourians and 140 wagons commanded by Colonel
770:
was traveling toward the Powder River with plans to continue on to Montana. Sawyers' group was to construct a new road for the use of emigrants to the Montana gold fields.
283:
784:
On August 13, 1865, the soldiers, civilians, and wagon train of the Sawyers Expedition were moving west. The soldiers accompanying the train included a battalion of the
629:
commanded by Colonel James H. Kidd had recently been transferred from the Civil War battlefields of Virginia, and most of Cole's and Walker's men had been active in the
532:
in July 1865, over a thousand warriors attacked a bridge across the North Platte River and succeeded in temporarily shutting down travel on both the Bozeman and
276:
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13, two scouts from Brigadier General Connor's column found Walker's and Cole's column's on Powder River and informed them of the newly established
767:
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365:
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Connor marched north from Fort Connor, and on August 28, his Pawnee scouts discovered an Arapaho village of about 600 people encamped on the
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hunting trip. In desperate need of supplies, Colonel Cole and Walker decided to follow Powder River north, to search for Brigadier General
269:
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and Dodge attempted to countermand this order, but it was too late, as the three columns had already departed and were out of contact.
2326:
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On the morning of September 1, 1865, the over 1,400 United States soldiers and civilians, of Colonel Nelson D. Cole's column of the
600:, meeting up with Connor near the Powder River. The "Center Column", consisting of 600 Kansas cavalrymen led by Lieutenant Colonel
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hunt. A weakness of Indian warfare was that they lacked the resources to keep an army in the field for an extended period of time.
17:
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Although achieving some successes, the expedition failed to defeat decisively or intimidate the Indians. The Cheyenne warrior,
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ordered the Powder River Expedition as a punitive campaign against the northern plains tribes in the heart of their territory.
2001:
1939:
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1993:
Powder River Odyssey: Nelson Cole's Western Campaign of 1865, The Journals of Lyman G. Bennett and Other Eyewitness Accounts
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during the last years of the war. Few of the men and officers had any experience fighting Indians or traveling on the
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remained to staff Fort Connor and all other troops withdrew to Fort Laramie, most to be mustered out of the army.
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1637:
1471:
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and his 675 soldiers, Indian scouts, and civilian teamsters, along with a wagon train full of supplies, left
521:
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945:, to search for Connor's left column. The Indians attacked again on September 4 and 5, 1865, in present-day
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Sawyers for a safe passage of the wagon train in exchange for one wagon's load of supplies. Soldiers of the
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Ordinance Rifle Section (2 Cannon), (manned by men from 2nd Missouri Volunteer Light Artillery Regiment):
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854:, on July 1, 1865, with over 1,400 Missourians and 140 wagon-loads of supplies. His column followed the
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The soldiers in the Powder River Expedition followed Powder River from near its mouth to its headwaters.
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894:. By this time, some of the men were barefooted and many of the horses and mules were growing weak.
779:
312:
1861:
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from bad water. The two columns marched separately, but remained in contact as they moved west to
566:
1809:
McGinnis, Anthony "Strike & Retreat: Intertribal Warfare and the Powder River War, 1865-1868"
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882:. He had likewise suffered from shortages of water, and had lost several of his soldiers of the
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496:, the expedition is considered a failure because it failed to defeat or intimidate the Indians.
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937:'s column, and his wagon train. The expeditions continued north to the mouth of Mizpah Creek in
625:. The remaining volunteers were "mutinous, dissatisfied, and inefficient." The companies of the
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1529:, (Detachment, 15 men): Second Lieutenant Joseph W. Brown, Second Lieutenant Alonzo V. Richards
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establishing a fort near the Bozeman trail. All three columns were to unite at the new fort.
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1492:, (Companies E and K, 127-130 men): Captain Levi G. Marshall, Captain Jacob L. Humphreyville
941:. There, the two Colonels decided to turn back around and retrace their steps south up the
1893:
77:
43:
536:. After the battle, the Indians broke up into small groups and dispersed for their summer
56:
The Powder River in southeastern Montana where Cole's and Walker's columns passed in 1865.
8:
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1177:
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665:
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949:. They continued to harass Cole and Walker as the soldiers moved south up Powder River.
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of Cheyenne people on November 29, 1864 intensified Indian reprisals and raids in the
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country, remote from white settlements and confirmed as Indian territory in the 1851
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on August 1, 1865, to unite with Cole's and Walker's columns. One of his guides was
1748:
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1640:, (Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, and M, 311 men): Colonel Oliver Wells
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516:) After the raids, several thousand Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho congregated in the
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on August 6, 1865, and met up with Cole's Expedition on August 19, 1865, near the
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1991:
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1953:
Journeys to the Land of Gold: Emigrant Diaries from the Bozeman Trail, 1863-1866
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1560:(Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K and L, ~550 men): Lieutenant Colonel
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195 Civilian Wagon Train Employees: Chief Wagon Train Master Robert Wheeling
1255:
James P. Earickson, Headquarters, 16th Kansas Cavalry (Died at Fort Connor).
1694:
1504:
1474:, (Companies L and M, 105 men): Captain George Conrad, Captain Albert Brown
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924:. In the early morning, over 300 Hunkpapa, Sans Arc, and Miniconjou Lakota
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Fort Laramie was Connor's and Walker's starting point for the expedition.
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746:. The next day, August 29, Connor attacked the village, whose leader was
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1850:
http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wytttp/history/countant/chapter36.htm
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Mountain Howitzer Section, (2 Cannon), manned by men from Company H,
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727:
Jim Bridger was a guide for Connor during his Powder River Expedition
199:
1480:, (4 Companies including Company F, ~200 men): Colonel James H. Kidd
1389:
Joseph Willard Brown, U.S. Signal Corps, Department of the Missouri.
1012:
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1009:
in which the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho would emerge victorious.
470:
93:
1523:
Mountain Howitzer Section, (2 Cannon): Captain Nicholas J. O'Brien
1407:
Alonzo V. Richards, U.S. Signal Corps, Department of the Missouri.
488:. Although soldiers destroyed one Arapaho village and established
1862:
http://rootswebancestry.com/~wyttp/history/countant/chapter34.htm
1585:
1462:
1307:
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1053:
William H. Tubbs, Acting Commissary of Subsistence, Headquarters.
664:. Connor's column proceeded northward, and in August established
474:
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51:
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and his brother, Charles Bent, of the Cheyenne negotiated with
719:
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1111:
George Washington Corey, Headquarters, 12th Missouri Cavalry.
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537:
343:
134:
1649:, (Detachment, 7 men): Second Lieutenant Frederick J. Amsden
1135:
William C. F. Montgomery, Battery H, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1910:
http://www.enotes.com/topic/Tongue_River_(Montana)?print=1
1105:
Clemenz Landgraeber, Headquarters, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1395:
Gavin Mitchell, Company A, Omaha/Winnebago Indian Scouts.
307:
1377:
Michael Evans, Company A, Omaha/Winnebago Indian Scouts.
1359:
Edwin R. Nash, Company A, Omaha/Winnebago Indian Scouts.
1035:
C. J. Laurant, Assistant Adjutant General, Headquarters.
1192:
William T. Shaver, Headquarters, 12th Missouri Cavalry.
2080:
1401:
James Murie, Company A, Omaha/Winnebago Indian Scouts.
1165:
Charles H. Springer, Company B, 12th Missouri Cavalry.
1147:
Charles H. Thurber, Battery L, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
461:, was a large and far-flung military operation of the
1347:
Jacob L. Humphreyville, Company K, 11th Ohio Cavalry.
1249:
Clarkson Reynolds, Headquarters, 16th Kansas Cavalry.
1214:
Abram S. Hoagland, Battery K, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1153:
Napoleon Boardman, Battery M, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1141:
Edward S. Rowland, Battery K, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1041:
Samuel Robbins, Chief Engineer, 1st Colorado Cavalry.
813:
reported that at this time that the Cheyenne warrior
1129:
Jefferson Miller, Battery E, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1047:
Henry E. Palmer, Quartermaster, 11th Kansas Cavalry.
912:, were encamped on Alkali Creek, a tributary of the
1554:(Company H, ~50 men): Second Lieutenant Edward Gill
1220:
James A. Ferren, Battery K, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1198:
Hiram L. Kelly, Battery A, 2nd Missouri Artillery (
1159:
John H. Kendall, Battery L, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1486:, (Company F, 88 men): Captain Nicholas J. O'Brien
1383:Charles A. Small, Company A, Pawnee Indian Scouts.
1310:James H. Kidd, Headquarters, 6th Michigan Cavalry.
1089:Oliver Wells, Headquarters, 12th Missouri Cavalry.
836:
1973:
1971:
1822:Hampton, H.D. "The Powder River Expedition 1865"
1365:Nicholas J. O'Brien, Company F, 7th Iowa Cavalry.
1341:George Conrad, Company L, 2nd California Cavalry.
1297:Francis E. Smith, Company H, 15th Kansas Cavalry.
1208:Philip Smiley, Battery H, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1171:William Rinne, Battery C, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1013:Officers accompanying the Powder River Expedition
2308:
1331:Osmer F. Cole, Company G, 6th Michigan Cavalry (
1325:Albert Brown, Company M, 2nd California Cavalry.
1285:Charles Balance, Company F, 16th Kansas Cavalry.
1273:James L. Walker, Company D, 16th Kansas Cavalry.
1261:Oscar F. Dunlap, Company H, 15th Kansas Cavalry.
1186:George R. Thorne, Acting Assistant Quartermaster
1180:, U.S. Signal Corps, Department of the Missouri.
1123:Samuel Flagg, Battery B, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
773:
1597:2nd Missouri Volunteer Light Artillery Regiment
1353:Levi G. Marshall, Company E, 11th Ohio Cavalry.
1279:Wesley T. Smith, Company H, 16th Kansas Cavalry
1117:McMurray, Headquarters, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
1968:
2066:
2020:Life of George Bent: Written from his Letters
1989:
1889:
1887:
731:
359:
277:
1990:Wagner, David E.; Bennett, Lyman G. (2009).
1371:John S. Brewer, Company F, 7th Iowa Cavalry.
1291:Edward Gill, Company H, 15th Kansas Cavalry.
858:upstream and then marched across country to
1965:Grinnell, pp. 208-209;McDermott, p. 124-127
1267:R. M. Fisk, Company H, 15th Kansas Cavalry.
788:, Companies C, and D, under the command of
436:This event should not be confused with the
291:
2073:
2059:
1985:
1983:
1884:
1844:Hampton, p. 8; Countant, Charles Griffin,
841:
366:
352:
284:
270:
256:18 captured (including women and children)
2298:Timeline of pre-statehood Montana history
1472:2nd California Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
637:. Procuring supplies was also a problem.
1824:Montana: The Magazine of Western History
1813:, Vol 30, No. 4 (Autumn 1980), pp. 32-34
1811:Montana: The Magazine of Western History
1638:12th Missouri Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
971:
897:
718:
700:
691:
571:
542:
1980:
1932:Circle of Fire: The Indian War of 1865.
1478:6th Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
1099:, Chief Engineer, 4th Arkansas Cavalry.
1083:, Headquarters, 2nd Missouri Artillery.
627:6th Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
580:often visited and camped near the Fort.
14:
2309:
1558:16th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
1552:15th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
1511:Scouts (84 men): Captain Edwin R. Nash
884:16th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
761:
640:
2054:
671:
347:
265:
27:US operation against American Indians
1899:Norman: U of OK Press, 1915, pp. 177
1490:11th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
1243:, Headquarters, 16th Kansas Cavalry.
2035:Lincoln: U of NE Press, 1962, p. 15
1826:, Vol.14, No. 4 (Autumn 1964), p. r
1484:7th Iowa Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
870:and his 600 Kansas Cavalrymen left
547:Brigadier General Patrick E. Connor
24:
2081:Native American battles in Montana
2022:Norman: U of OK press, pp. 240-241
1420:
1319:, Company A, Pawnee Indian Scouts.
986:wounded, and 18 Arapaho captured.
25:
2393:
2337:Wyoming in the American Civil War
1950:
1224:
821:
2327:Pre-statehood history of Wyoming
801:of the Cheyenne, accompanied by
188:
177:
166:
155:
123:
50:
2038:
2025:
2010:
1959:
1944:
1930:McDermott, John Dishon (2003).
1924:
1915:
1071:
1017:
837:Cole's and Walker's expeditions
1902:
1875:
1866:
1855:
1838:
1829:
1816:
1803:
1416:, Company F, 7th Iowa Cavalry.
1301:
492:to protect gold miners on the
373:
13:
1:
1796:
996:16th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
980:
774:The Battle of Bone Pile Creek
499:
989:
676:On August 13, 1865, Captain
7:
1779:
904:Powder River Battles (1865)
811:5th U.S. Volunteer Infantry
786:5th U.S. Volunteer Infantry
768:5th U.S. Volunteer Infantry
668:on the upper Powder River.
10:
2398:
1934:Stackpole Books. pp. 112.
1647:United States Signal Corps
1527:United States Signal Corps
901:
825:
777:
738:Battle of the Tongue River
735:
732:The Battle of Tongue River
704:
453:of 1865 also known as the
2362:1865 in Wyoming Territory
2357:1865 in Montana Territory
2347:1865 in the United States
2295:
2268:
2137:
2086:
1681:
1675:
1454:
1445:Powder River Expedition,
1443:
1063:to Connor, Headquarters (
780:Battle of Bone Pile Creek
696:Four of the Pawnee Scouts
604:, was to head north from
383:
303:
241:
221:
148:
116:
68:July 1 to October 4, 1865
60:
49:
37:
32:
1908:"Powder River (Montana)
965:on Powder River east of
567:United States Volunteers
18:Powder River Expeditions
2352:1865 in Idaho Territory
1574:: Second Lt Edward Gill
1536:Central, Middle Column
910:Powder River Expedition
842:The two columns set out
687:Powder River Expedition
530:Battle of Platte Bridge
451:Powder River Expedition
403:Powder River Expedition
295:Powder River Expedition
33:Powder River Expedition
2033:The Fetterman Massacre
1996:. Arthur H. Clark Co.
1897:The Fighting Cheyennes
1581:Right, Eastern Column
977:
947:Custer County, Montana
939:Custer County, Montana
922:Custer County, Montana
728:
697:
581:
548:
522:Treaty of Fort Laramie
413:Yellowstone Expedition
149:Commanders and leaders
2377:September 1865 events
1912:, accessed 9 Aug 2012
1894:Grinnell, George Bird
1852:, accessed 6 Aug 2012
1458:Left, Western Column
1450:Patrick Edward Connor
1439:Regiments and Others
975:
898:March on Powder River
722:
707:Powder River Massacre
701:Powder River Massacre
695:
575:
546:
459:Powder River Invasion
318:Powder River Massacre
242:Casualties and losses
2285:Swan Valley massacre
1631:, 797 men): Colonel
588:, was to march from
333:Powder River Battles
78:Powder River Country
44:American Indian Wars
2382:October 1865 events
2170:Second Powder River
1572:16th Kansas Cavalry
1568:15th Kansas Cavalry
1178:Frederick J. Amsden
762:Sawyers' expedition
641:Connor's expedition
514:Battle of Julesburg
506:Sand Creek massacre
438:Big Horn Expedition
2372:August 1865 events
2218:Little Muddy Creek
2146:First Powder River
1846:History of Wyoming
1541:Lieutenant Colonel
1498:(95 men): Captain
1426:United States Army
1238:Lieutenant Colonel
978:
807:Lieutenant Colonel
797:of the Sioux, and
729:
698:
672:Crazy Woman's Fork
645:Brigadier General
623:American Civil War
582:
555:Grenville M. Dodge
549:
463:United States Army
393:Dakota War of 1862
308:Crazy Woman's Fork
2322:Montana Territory
2317:Conflicts in 1865
2304:
2303:
2186:Prairie Dog Creek
2003:978-0-87062-370-7
1940:978-0-8117-0061-0
1848:, Chapter xxxvi,
1777:
1776:
1665:Native Americans
1655:
1654:
1517:Civilian Guides:
1447:Brigadier General
1414:Eugene Fitch Ware
1411:Second Lieutenant
1405:Second Lieutenant
1399:Second Lieutenant
1393:Second Lieutenant
1387:Second Lieutenant
1295:Second Lieutenant
1289:Second Lieutenant
1283:Second Lieutenant
1234:Brigadier General
1218:Second Lieutenant
1212:Second Lieutenant
1206:Second Lieutenant
1200:Wounded in action
1196:Second Lieutenant
1190:Second Lieutenant
1184:Second Lieutenant
1175:Second Lieutenant
1065:Wounded in action
1057:Second Lieutenant
1027:Patrick E. Connor
1024:Brigadier General
935:Patrick E. Connor
920:, in present-day
918:Montana Territory
892:Montana Territory
647:Patrick E. Connor
562:Patrick E. Connor
559:Brigadier General
482:Montana Territory
431:
430:
341:
340:
260:
259:
162:Patrick E. Connor
112:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2389:
2367:July 1865 events
2288:
2280:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2095:Powder River War
2075:
2068:
2061:
2052:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1987:
1978:
1975:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1942:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1906:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1872:Hampton, pp. 8-9
1870:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1820:
1814:
1807:
1747:Black Whetstone
1678:Native Americans
1662:
1661:
1658:Native Americans
1430:
1429:
1381:First Lieutenant
1375:First Lieutenant
1369:First Lieutenant
1333:Killed in action
1277:First Lieutenant
1271:First Lieutenant
1265:First Lieutenant
1169:First Lieutenant
1163:First Lieutenant
1157:First Lieutenant
1097:Lyman G. Bennett
876:Dakota Territory
655:Dakota Territory
596:westward to the
486:Dakota Territory
455:Powder River War
378:
368:
361:
354:
345:
344:
298:
296:
286:
279:
272:
263:
262:
193:
192:
182:
181:
171:
170:
160:
159:
128:
127:
62:
61:
54:
30:
29:
21:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2342:Idaho Territory
2307:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2291:
2283:
2277:Marias Massacre
2275:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2162:Honsinger Bluff
2160:
2152:
2144:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2111:Great Sioux War
2109:
2103:Red Cloud's War
2101:
2093:
2082:
2079:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2026:
2017:Hyde, George E.
2015:
2011:
2004:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1949:
1945:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1903:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1856:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1817:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1791:Black Hills War
1786:Red Cloud's War
1782:
1759:
1710:
1687:
1680:
1583:
1570:and Company M,
1538:
1460:
1453:
1423:
1421:Order of battle
1304:
1227:
1074:
1020:
1015:
1007:Red Cloud's War
992:
983:
967:Kaycee, Wyoming
906:
900:
852:Omaha, Nebraska
844:
839:
830:
824:
782:
776:
764:
740:
734:
709:
703:
674:
643:
631:Western Theater
592:and follow the
590:Omaha, Nebraska
502:
442:Black Hills War
432:
427:
423:Ghost Dance War
418:Great Sioux War
408:Red Cloud's War
388:First Sioux War
379:
374:
372:
342:
337:
313:Bone Pile Creek
299:
294:
292:
290:
255:
253:
248:
237:~2,000 warriors
233:
228:
214:
210:
206:
202:
187:
186:
176:
175:
165:
164:
154:
141:
137:
122:
100:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2395:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2281:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2194:Little Bighorn
2190:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2044:Hampton, p. 14
2037:
2024:
2009:
2002:
1979:
1977:Hampton, p. 10
1967:
1958:
1951:Doyle, Susan.
1943:
1923:
1921:Hampton, p. 13
1914:
1901:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1854:
1837:
1828:
1815:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1635:
1633:Nelson D. Cole
1592:
1589:Nelson D. Cole
1578:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1564:
1555:
1547:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1502:
1500:Frank J. North
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1467:
1465:James H. Kidd
1456:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1326:
1320:
1311:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1226:
1225:Central Column
1223:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1090:
1084:
1081:Nelson D. Cole
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1059:Oscar Jewett,
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
991:
988:
982:
979:
916:. This was in
902:Main article:
899:
896:
848:Nelson D. Cole
843:
840:
838:
835:
826:Main article:
823:
822:Sawyers' fight
820:
778:Main article:
775:
772:
763:
760:
736:Main article:
733:
730:
705:Main article:
702:
699:
678:Frank J. North
673:
670:
642:
639:
586:Nelson D. Cole
578:Plains Indians
501:
498:
447:
446:
429:
428:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
384:
381:
380:
371:
370:
363:
356:
348:
339:
338:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
304:
301:
300:
289:
288:
281:
274:
266:
258:
257:
250:
244:
243:
239:
238:
235:
227:2,300 soldiers
224:
223:
219:
218:
197:
173:Nelson D. Cole
151:
150:
146:
145:
132:
119:
118:
114:
113:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
76:
74:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2394:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2299:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2258:Pumpkin Creek
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:Wolf Mountain
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2119:Nez Perce War
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2041:
2034:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1962:
1954:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1878:
1869:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1835:Hampton, p. 7
1832:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1735:Yellow Woman
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1599:, (Batteries
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1562:Samuel Walker
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1544:Samuel Walker
1542:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1496:Pawnee Scouts
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1452:, commanding.
1451:
1448:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:Samuel Walker
1239:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1029:, Commanding.
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1010:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
987:
974:
970:
968:
964:
958:
956:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
930:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
905:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:Samuel Walker
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
834:
829:
828:Sawyers Fight
819:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
791:
787:
781:
771:
769:
759:
757:
756:Bighorn River
753:
749:
745:
739:
726:
721:
717:
715:
708:
694:
690:
688:
683:
682:Pawnee Scouts
679:
669:
667:
663:
660:
656:
652:
648:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
618:
616:
610:
607:
603:
602:Samuel Walker
599:
595:
591:
587:
579:
574:
570:
568:
563:
560:
556:
553:
552:Major General
545:
541:
539:
535:
534:Oregon Trails
531:
525:
523:
519:
515:
512:valley. (See
511:
507:
497:
495:
494:Bozeman Trail
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
445:
443:
439:
434:
433:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
382:
377:
369:
364:
362:
357:
355:
350:
349:
346:
334:
331:
329:
328:Sawyers Fight
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
302:
297:
287:
282:
280:
275:
273:
268:
267:
264:
252:68-96+ killed
251:
246:
245:
240:
236:
234:195 civilians
232:
231:Indian scouts
226:
225:
220:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:
196:
191:
185:
184:Samuel Walker
180:
174:
169:
163:
158:
153:
152:
147:
144:
140:
136:
133:
131:
130:United States
126:
121:
120:
115:
107:
104:
103:
99:
98:United States
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
53:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2250:Mizpah Creek
2234:Canyon Creek
2094:
2040:
2032:
2031:Brown, Dee.
2027:
2019:
2012:
1992:
1961:
1952:
1946:
1931:
1926:
1917:
1904:
1896:
1881:Hampton, p.6
1877:
1868:
1857:
1845:
1840:
1831:
1823:
1818:
1810:
1805:
1771:Medicine Man
1758:
1732:Charlie Bent
1709:
1695:Sitting Bull
1686:
1676:
1657:
1656:
1582:
1537:
1459:
1444:
1425:
1424:
1072:Right Column
1061:Aide-de-camp
1018:Headquarters
1000:
993:
984:
959:
951:
943:Powder River
931:
914:Powder River
907:
888:Powder River
872:Fort Laramie
845:
831:
783:
765:
744:Tongue River
741:
725:mountain man
710:
675:
659:mountain man
651:Fort Laramie
644:
635:Great Plains
619:
611:
606:Fort Laramie
583:
550:
526:
518:Powder River
510:Platte River
503:
467:Lakota Sioux
465:against the
458:
454:
450:
448:
435:
402:
398:Colorado War
323:Tongue River
293:
204:Sitting Bull
117:Belligerents
90:South Dakota
38:Part of the
2202:Cedar Creek
2113:(1876–1877)
2105:(1866–1868)
1728:George Bent
1723:Little Wolf
1700:Crazy Horse
1519:Jim Bridger
1317:Frank North
1302:Left Column
1003:George Bent
963:Fort Connor
880:Black Hills
864:Black Hills
815:George Bent
803:George Bent
714:George Bent
666:Fort Connor
662:Jim Bridger
598:Black Hills
490:Fort Connor
440:during the
254:14+ wounded
216:George Bent
212:Little Wolf
195:Frank North
2332:Sioux Wars
2311:Categories
1797:References
1767:Black Bear
1718:Roman Nose
1095:(retired)
981:Casualties
955:Roman Nose
860:Bear Butte
856:Loup River
799:Dull Knife
748:Black Bear
594:Loup River
500:Background
376:Sioux Wars
249:19 wounded
208:Roman Nose
40:Sioux Wars
2269:Massacres
1741:Red Bull
1708:Cheyenne
1509:Winnebago
1433:Division
990:Aftermath
795:Red Cloud
615:John Pope
247:31 killed
200:Red Cloud
108:Stalemate
2242:Bear Paw
2226:Big Hole
2154:Hayfield
2127:Crow War
1780:See also
1757:Arapaho
1671:Leaders
846:Colonel
833:forces.
471:Cheyenne
222:Strength
139:Cheyenne
94:Nebraska
73:Location
2178:Rosebud
2138:Battles
1586:Colonel
1463:Colonel
1436:Column
1363:Captain
1357:Captain
1351:Captain
1345:Captain
1339:Captain
1329:Captain
1323:Captain
1314:Captain
1308:Colonel
1259:Captain
1253:Surgeon
1151:Captain
1145:Captain
1139:Captain
1133:Captain
1127:Captain
1121:Captain
1115:Captain
1109:Surgeon
1087:Colonel
1078:Colonel
1051:Captain
1045:Captain
1039:Captain
1033:Captain
862:in the
790:Captain
754:on the
680:of the
538:buffalo
478:Indians
475:Arapaho
143:Arapaho
86:Wyoming
82:Montana
2287:(1908)
2279:(1870)
2260:(1880)
2252:(1879)
2244:(1877)
2236:(1877)
2228:(1877)
2220:(1877)
2212:(1877)
2204:(1876)
2196:(1876)
2188:(1876)
2180:(1876)
2172:(1876)
2164:(1873)
2156:(1867)
2148:(1865)
2129:(1887)
2121:(1877)
2097:(1865)
2000:
1938:
1685:Sioux
1668:Tribe
1627:, and
1231:Brevet
473:, and
105:Result
92:, and
1505:Omaha
1247:Major
1103:Major
1093:Major
926:Sioux
850:left
135:Sioux
2087:Wars
1998:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1507:and
752:Crow
723:The
504:The
484:and
449:The
229:179
65:Date
890:in
480:in
457:or
2313::
1982:^
1970:^
1886:^
1623:,
1619:,
1615:,
1611:,
1607:,
1603:,
1335:).
1236:,
1202:).
1067:).
874:,
689:.
653:,
569:.
524:.
469:,
96:,
88:,
84:,
80:,
42:,
2074:e
2067:t
2060:v
2006:.
1955:.
1749:†
1743:†
1737:†
1629:M
1625:L
1621:K
1617:H
1613:E
1609:D
1605:C
1601:B
444:.
367:e
360:t
353:v
285:e
278:t
271:v
20:)
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