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closing. In 2009, the U.S. auto safety administration tentatively decided against requiring all cars to have automatic reversing power windows if they sense an obstruction while closing. Proposed requirements concern automatic ("one-touch up") window systems, but most vehicles with this feature already have automatic-reversing. The federal government made a written contract that all automakers should make the lever switches (as opposed to the rocker and toggle switches) standard on all new vehicles by 1 October 2010.
81:
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150:, Buick, and Cadillac. It was only available as a package; that is, power assisted windows, front seat, and convertible top (where applicable). This feature can be identified in 1948 and later General Motors model numbers with an "X" at the end, such as the 1951 Cadillac Sixty Special sedan, model 6019X. The electrically operated hydraulic pump system was shared by
256:
holding the switch down until the window retracts. Many luxury vehicles during the 1990s expanded on this feature, to include "express-up" on the driver's window, and recently, some manufacturers have added the feature on all window switches for all passengers' convenience. This is done by activating the switch until a "click" response is felt.
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window. To prevent this, many vehicles feature a driver-controlled lockout switch, preventing rear-seat passengers (usually smaller children) from accidentally triggering the switches. This also prevents children from playing with them and pets riding with their heads out windows from activating the power window switch.
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Power windows are usually inoperable when the car is not running. This is primarily a security feature. It would be a simple thing to allow electric power windows to be operable when the ignition is turned off, however it would also make the car much easier to steal. Some systems offer the compromise
145:
The "Hydro-Electric" system (windows, front seat adjustment and convertible top) was standard on 1947 model year. The seat and window assist system became available on GM closed cars (standard on some
Cadillac Series 75 models and all Series 60 Specials, commonly called "Fleetwood" beginning with the
259:
Power windows have become so common that by 2008, some automakers eliminated hand crank windows from all their models. So many vehicles now have power windows that some people no longer understand the (formerly) common sign from another driver of using their hand to simulate moving a window crank to
272:
Power windows have come under some scrutiny after several fatal accidents in which children's necks have become trapped, leading to suffocation. Some designs place the switch in a location on a hand rest where it can be accidentally triggered by a child climbing to place his or her head out of the
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developed a central hydraulic pump for working convertible tops. This system was introduced on 1942 convertibles built by GM. Previously, GM had used a vacuum system which did not have the power to handle increasingly larger and complex (four side-windows vs. only two) convertible top mechanisms.
170:
and
Packard) until Chrysler introduced the all-electric operation on the 1951 Imperial. The availability of power windows increased with the use of small, high-torque electric motors. General Motors also followed with full electric operation in 1954. This included four-way and then six-way seats,
280:
Starting with the 2008 model year, U.S. government regulations required automakers to install safety mechanisms to improve child safety. However, the rules do not prevent all potential injuries to a hand, finger, or even a child's head, if someone deliberately holds the switch when the window is
255:
in the 1980s, called "retained accessory power". This allows operation of the windows and some other accessories for ten minutes or so after the engine is stopped. Another feature is the "express-down" window, which allows the window to be fully lowered with one tap on the switch, as opposed to
276:
A power window lockout switch is a popular convenience that allows the driver to prevent passengers, usually children, from using the windows. Many cars have a feature called "courtesy power on" which allows the windows to remain operational for a brief period after the key is taken out of the
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In a typical auto/light truck installation, there is an individual switch at each window and a set of switches in the driver's door or a-frame pillar, so the driver can operate all the windows. These switches took on many different appearances, from heavy chrome plate to inexpensive plastic.
141:
Division, Charles A. Chayne, "...had introduced an electrically controlled hydraulic system into the 1946 Buick convertibles that provided fingertip operation of the top, door windows, and front seat adjustment". These systems were based on major hydraulic advances made in military weapons in
189:
Modern heavy-duty highway tractors frequently have an option for power window controls; however, these are generally what is referred to as "straight air". That is, the compressed air system used for air brakes is also used for the windows. These types of trucks have long used compressed air
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cylinders for seat height adjustment. In a similar fashion to the electro-hydraulic system, the compressed air is merely released to lower the window and/or seat. The compressed air is then admitted to the respective cylinder to raise the window or seat.
217:, where they are accessible to all the occupants. In this case, the door-mounted switches can be omitted. This also removes the need to produce separate door components and wiring for left and right-hand drive variants.
157:
Ford also had a similar electro-hydraulic system on higher-end convertibles. Mercury and Ford
Sportsman convertibles (with wood trim) were equipped with power windows on four windows from 1946 through 1948 and
171:
which were introduced in 1956. Chevrolet introduced the oddity of power front windows (only) in the 1954 model. Ford also introduced full four-door power windows in sedans in 1954. The full-sized 1955
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ignition, so that adjustments can be made without putting the key back in. Additionally, some vehicles offer the option to operate the windows from outside the car using a remote.
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came standard with power front and rear vent windows, in addition to standard power side windows, for a total of eight power window controls on the driver's door panel.
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could lower the windows at rest, since pressure from the hydraulic system was merely released to lower the window. Raising the windows required an electrically operated
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sold in Europe, however, still has roll-up windows for the rear doors although its counterpart sold in the U.S. has power windows for all doors.
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and
Packard for their 1948 through 1950 models. The driver's door contained four buttons in addition to the remaining individual windows.
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body-style tops up and down by some means other than human effort. The earliest power assists were vacuum-operated and were offered on
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of leaving power applied to the windows until a passenger door is opened at which time the window power is removed.
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indicate that they wish to speak with someone when stopped at a light or in a parking lot. The 2008
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632:"Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Power-Operated Window, Partition, and Roof Panel Systems"
581:"Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Power-Operated Window, Partition, and Roof Panel Systems"
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had introduced hydraulic window lifts (power windows) in fall of 1940, for its new 1941
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had a straight-electric divider window (but not side windows) on their series 75.
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1948). The full system was standard only on the high-end GM convertibles made by
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Typical window switches with remote disable control on driver's door (1993
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Electrically-operated vent windows were available as early as 1956 on the
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Nice, Karim. "How Power
Windows Work." 29 January 2001. HowStuffWorks.com
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top). Because of the complexity, the system could also leak fluid.
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541:"2008 BMW M3 vs. 2007 Audi RS 4, 2008 M-B C63 AMG Comparison Tests"
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Many modern cars have a time delay feature, first introduced by
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by 1951. These systems were used by other luxury car models (
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series cars. This was a hydro-electric system. In 1941, the
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Window controls on center console between front seats (2005
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372:"Buick adds electrically controlled hydraulic systems".
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Power assists originated in the need and desire to move
52:
which can be raised and lowered by pressing a button or
656:. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. November 2009
521:. Vol. 38, no. 16. 18 April 1955. p. 93
321:
1941 Packard Super 8 series 180 Sales
Brochure, page 2
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to operate and introduce pressure at the appropriate
607:"Safety agency: Reversible auto windows unnecessary"
175:"Airflyte" models featured optional power windows.
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107:(only the limousine and seven-passenger sedans).
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634:. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
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103:followed with the first power windows on the
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654:"Q&As: Power windows and child safety"
567:"What is a Power Window? (With picture)"
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466:. www.oldcarbrochures.com. p. 67
393:"1947 Cadillac Series 62 Convertible"
357:"GM convertible windows powered up".
299:The Fall of Packard Motor Car Company
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333:"Needing a Lift, (Maybe) Finding It"
296:
122:vehicles, particularly the low-cost
1291:Vehicle identification number (VIN)
515:"Nash steals march in 'dream cars'"
395:. HowStuffWorks com. Archived from
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213:have used switches located in the
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605:Kroll, Kathryn (28 August 2009).
126:convertibles in the late 1930s.
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734:Part of a series of articles on
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142:preparation for World War II.
488:Donnelly, Jim (January 2009).
456:
440:Cadillac, The Complete History
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350:
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21:Power windows (disambiguation)
1:
1125:Approach and departure angles
301:. Stanford University Press.
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129:Shortly before World War II,
72:Inside driver's door showing
331:Donelly, Jim (August 2008).
220:
7:
1188:Automotive light bulb types
464:"1949 Hudson Owners Manual"
297:Ward, James Arthur (1995).
10:
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678:Power Windows Are Perilous
197:However, some models like
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16:Feature of a motor vehicle
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1208:high-intensity discharge
438:Hendry, Maurice (1975).
56:, as opposed to using a
1369:20th-century inventions
230:Hydraulic drive systems
1354:Automotive electronics
892:Stressed member engine
374:Collectible Automobile
359:Collectible Automobile
137:Chief Engineer of the
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77:
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1024:Windshield/windscreen
244:and a power operated
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29:
1193:Daytime running lamp
684:Fixing Power Windows
494:Hemmings Classic Car
337:Hemmings Classic Car
120:Chrysler Corporation
19:For other uses, see
1364:American inventions
1155:Weight distribution
1087:Omniview technology
399:on 20 February 2011
180:Continental Mark II
32:Jeep Grand Cherokee
1274:Registration plate
547:: 2. December 2007
423:has generic name (
391:(8 October 2007).
184:Cadillac Fleetwood
101:Ford Motor Company
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74:hydraulic cylinder
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994:Glass run channel
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725:Automotive design
376:: 48. April 2010.
308:978-0-8047-2457-9
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361:: 14. June 2008.
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1029:washer fluid
1009:Power window
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1004:Opera window
916:Compartments
804:Crumple zone
789:Cabrio coach
733:
658:. Retrieved
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636:. Retrieved
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1140:Ride height
1077:Japan black
1072:Instruments
1057:Curb feeler
923:Hood/bonnet
616:26 December
551:26 December
525:26 December
499:26 December
470:26 December
342:26 December
246:convertible
116:convertible
97:Packard 180
1348:Categories
999:Greenhouse
680:(CBS News)
590:2 November
285:References
242:power seat
148:Oldsmobile
47:automobile
1253:Tow hitch
1171:equipment
1097:Tire/tyre
956:Gull-wing
946:Butterfly
907:Trunk lid
850:Monocoque
754:Framework
221:Operation
1313:Category
1198:Headlamp
1180:Lighting
1169:Exterior
1135:Overhang
1118:Geometry
1102:run-flat
1082:Nerf bar
897:Subframe
865:Platform
855:Overhang
767:Beltline
413:cite web
262:Audi RS4
253:Cadillac
238:cylinder
168:Imperial
124:Plymouth
109:Cadillac
86:Saab 9-5
1323:Commons
1019:Sunroof
971:Suicide
966:Sliding
961:Scissor
902:Tonneau
887:Spoiler
794:Chassis
164:Lincoln
160:Mercury
93:Packard
64:History
50:windows
1333:Portal
1203:hidden
951:Canopy
860:Pillar
841:shaker
826:Grille
819:skirts
814:ponton
809:Fender
782:Dagmar
777:Bumper
660:5 July
638:5 July
446:
403:5 July
305:
268:Safety
211:Holden
152:Hudson
54:switch
1286:Theft
1267:Legal
1246:power
1107:spare
1092:Parts
1034:wiper
986:Glass
938:Doors
836:scoop
207:Mazda
203:Volvo
139:Buick
1236:Horn
976:Swan
880:rack
875:Roof
831:Hood
745:Body
736:cars
662:2010
640:2010
618:2012
592:2018
553:2012
527:2012
519:Life
501:2012
472:2012
444:ISBN
425:help
405:2010
344:2012
303:ISBN
234:pump
209:and
199:Saab
173:Nash
162:and
45:are
41:or
1350::
609:.
583:.
543:.
517:.
492:.
480:^
417::
415:}}
411:{{
335:.
205:,
201:,
88:)
60:.
34:)
717:e
710:t
703:v
664:.
642:.
620:.
594:.
555:.
529:.
503:.
474:.
452:.
427:)
407:.
346:.
311:.
23:.
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