73:
42:
58:
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174:, as rising traffic congestion due to auto ownership led to the construction of new transit systems. Rather than building costly metro lines immediately, some cities built only the downtown tunnels. They could be used by existing tram lines in the short term, with the intention of full metro conversion later - hence "pre-metro". The idea spread to other European countries in the 1970s, especially
676:
But instead of building the entire expensive systems immediately, the
Germans hit on the idea of building only the city centre tunnels at first. Intended in the long run to be extended to full undergrounds, in the short term they could be used by trams which would continue to run on the surface
459:
and
Cologne in West Germany have further developed their tramway system by introducing a concept known as "premetro." In this system trams or light rail vehicles make extensive use of tunnels, reserve track and by utilizing folding steps these vehicles can operate through high or low stopping
138:. This tunnel was intended solely to reduce streetcar congestion on surface streets, not for later conversion to metro service. However between 1901 and 1908, two out of four tracks were used for rapid tranist service including high platforms. Several early streetcar tunnels, including the
345:
This step-by-step planning approach to building rail rapid transit is known as pre-metro, implying the intention to ultimately construct a fully grade separated route to be used by rail rapid transit or
765:
The
Charleroi Metro is a typical prémétro network, i.e. trams that run underground in the city centre and on viaducts or separate right-of-way through outer parts (similar to German Stadtbahn systems).
681:, where it became known as pre-metro. Today Brussels, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and many other cities are filling their central business districts with construction sites to move the trains underground.
106:
The use of tram vehicles in tunnels originated in the United States in the nineteenth century and was often called "subway surface line" while in the second half of the twentieth century the term "
154:, and steep grades of the streetcar tunnels required shorter metro cars than otherwise desirable. In 1950 Stockholm effectively used a pre-war tramtunnel for its first rapid transit line.
72:
46:
787:
76:
Low platform station for trams in Vienna during transformation. A third rail and emergency stairs from the future high platform have already been installed.
387:
Pre-Metro is an extreme case of light rail, on segregated right of way, and designed to upgrading to metro when passenger demand increases sufficiently.
1040:
851:
723:
472:
103:. To achieve that these rapid trains will be able to use the infrastructure, wider curves and lesser grades need to be designed and built.
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the outer tracks of the
Tremont Street Tunnel which was adapted to elevated train use in 1901 by the construction of higher platforms
41:
610:
99:
or light rail vehicles preliminary in the meantime. This infrastructure consists of tunnels and/or viaducts, so vehicles have
424:
Premetros also allow a gradual upgrade of existing tramways to rapid transit, thus spreading the investments costs over time.
410:
373:
310:
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317:
pre-metro — a light rail transit system designed with provisions for easy conversion to heavy rail (rail rapid transit).
114:, it also falls in the premetro category. During the time when tram vehicles are used, the specific line falls into the
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pre-metro: a light rail transit system designed with provisions for easy conversion to rail rapid transit
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PREMETRO—An LRT system designed with provisions for easy conversion into RRT (metro).
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194:) is an in 1980 converted underground tramway line, which was constructed in 1966.
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110:" was coined. Only when a semi-metro section is designed for later use of heavy
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outside city centres. The idea spread to other
European countries, especially
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178:, where such systems were explicitly named premetros. Also one segment of
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611:"Boston Elevated Railway Company, Main Line Elevated Structure (HAER)"
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Transportation
Research Board National Research Council (1989).
332:
Light Rail
Transit: A State of the Art Review, Executive Summary
724:"Une station fantĂ´me au secours du futur MĂ©tro Nord de la STIB"
179:
131:
146:, were later converted to metro operation. However, the small
91:. Here infrastructure is gradually built with the goal to use
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803:
727:
276:
96:
772:
710:
Antwerpen rail network is a typical premetro network.
570:
527:. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley & Sons. p. 580.
438:"Letters to the editor -- The tram is the answer"
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642:. London Underground Railway Society. p. 3.
651:
649:
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302:Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual
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655:
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163:
640:Brussels Metro to Grow As Pre-metro Shrinks
405:. Annorlunda Mediatuotanto Oy. p. 19.
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95:trains in the distant future, but using
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305:. Transportation Research Board. 2013.
14:
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568:
520:
361:
329:De Leuw, Cather & Company (1976).
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603:
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365:Urban Railways and the Civil Engineer
293:
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524:Urban transit systems and technology
497:Urban Public Transportation Glossary
157:
24:
429:
61:Low platform section for trams at
25:
1100:
656:Ian Yearsley (21 December 1972).
577:. Stephen Greene Press. pp.
872:
722:Geoffroy Fabre (19 March 2014).
399:Mattila, Matti (5 August 2012).
49:with partially low platforms in
47:Saint-Gilles/Sint-Gillis station
715:
694:"Antwerpen Tram & Premetro"
666:. Reed Business Information Ltd
475:. TERMIUM Plus®. 8 October 2009
101:no conflicts with other traffic
487:
465:
392:
355:
13:
1:
533:10.1002/9780470168066.fmatter
473:"PREMETRO [1 record]"
287:
27:Type of tramway or light rail
162:The modern premetro concept
7:
573:Change at Park Street Under
262:Medium-capacity rail system
255:
197:
10:
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638:Geoffrey, Skelsey (2018).
436:John Hoyle (16 May 1975).
282:Train categories in Europe
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569:Cudahy, Brian J. (1972).
521:Vuchic, Vukan R. (2007).
126:An early example was the
204:List of premetro systems
30:Not to be confused with
658:"Trams are coming back"
402:Wizzit Magazine 3/2011
164:
77:
69:
54:
443:Sydney Morning Herald
128:Tremont Street subway
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63:Duisburg Hauptbahnhof
60:
44:
899:Semi-trailer section
749:"Charleroi Premetro"
134:, today part of the
362:Jenkin, P. (1988).
1031:Networks worldwide
368:. Thomas Telford.
219:Brussels Pre-metro
144:East Boston Tunnel
89:light rail transit
78:
70:
55:
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996:Rubber-tyred tram
615:www.nycsubway.org
412:978-1-4478-2842-6
375:978-0-7277-1337-7
312:978-0-309-28344-1
210:Antwerp Pre-metro
158:Second generation
16:(Redirected from
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455:Cities such as
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228:Charleroi Metro
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192:Museumsquartier
170:began in 1960s
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140:Steinway Tunnel
136:MBTA Green Line
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87:) is a type of
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1089:Rapid transit
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991:Zwickau Model
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889:Jacobs bogie
882:Articulation
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757:. Retrieved
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731:. Retrieved
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702:. Retrieved
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668:. Retrieved
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618:. Retrieved
614:
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579:10-11, 31-33
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416:. Retrieved
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379:. Retrieved
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337:. Retrieved
335:. p. 47
331:
324:
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186:metro line (
161:
152:tight curves
125:
105:
84:
80:
79:
1001:Light metro
915:Double-deck
857:Electricity
852:Fossil fuel
503:16 February
83:(sometimes
32:Light metro
1079:Light rail
1073:Categories
981:Interurban
965:Tram-train
950:Semi-metro
925:Restaurant
759:22 January
704:22 January
670:14 January
588:0828901732
449:13 January
288:References
267:Semi-metro
250:Kryvyi Rih
130:(1897) in
118:category.
116:light rail
108:semi-metro
36:Tram-train
1041:Technical
960:Stadtbahn
942:Lightrail
920:Low-floor
548:7 October
457:Frankfurt
339:30 August
272:Stadtbahn
246:Metrotram
166:Stadtbahn
85:pre-metro
66:Stadtbahn
45:Trams at
18:Pre-metro
1057:Category
1014:Overview
955:Premetro
840:Americas
620:7 August
597:72081531
418:9 August
381:9 August
256:See also
198:Examples
81:Premetro
68:station.
51:Brussels
1036:Largest
1021:History
934:Systems
862:Battery
679:Belgium
479:23 July
460:places.
350:trains.
241:Austria
232:Belgium
223:Belgium
214:Belgium
188:Rathaus
176:Belgium
172:Germany
122:History
835:Europe
831:Steam
755:. 2013
700:. 2013
595:
585:
539:
409:
372:
309:
180:Vienna
132:Boston
1026:Types
974:Other
908:Types
847:Cable
827:Horse
820:Power
813:Types
804:Trams
733:9 May
348:metro
97:trams
761:2014
735:2014
728:RTBF
706:2014
672:2014
622:2024
593:LCCN
583:ISBN
550:2023
537:ISBN
505:2023
481:2024
451:2014
420:2024
407:ISBN
383:2024
370:ISBN
341:2023
307:ISBN
277:Tram
142:and
529:doi
248:in
239:in
230:in
221:in
212:in
182:'s
34:or
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190:-
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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