1512:" method of cultivation is it possible to have this kind of alternation of trees and grass on the same site. The Banpo Tribe may have had hundreds of dwelling sites, with the domiciles and storage caves concentrated in the center of the settlement, surrounded by a deep ditch. To the north of the Banpo site, there is a communal cemetery, where the remains of children and adults are buried, and the territory of the living and the dead is clearly separated. There is also a large house in the village, which may have served as a meeting place for the whole village, or some other public function. It is inferred that the tribes of Yangshao culture seem to have had a certain degree of
113:
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community, which is also expressed in the individual characteristics of local cultures. However, the density of the distribution of settlements increased from former times, and group-to-group contacts and exchanges were inevitable. Neighboring settlements must interact with each other, so the characteristics of the local culture of neighboring districts are often similar, from east to west, or from south to north, the visible cultural differences show a gradual process, and it is difficult to find a clear-cut line of demarcation of the local culture. As a whole, the influence of the
Longshan culture radiated beyond the Central Plains.
1105:
1353:
1547:
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1434:. A large number of pig and dog skeletons were also unearthed at Cishan. As the relationship between the Cishan culture and the Peiligang culture is close, some scholars have advanced the idea of a singular "Peiligang–Cishan culture", while others believe that they are two different cultural types with some common features. Overall, it seems that the Peiligang culture is closer to the later part of the Cishan culture.
5824:
1386:, where rope patterns and colorful paintings are even more prevalent. Round and square semisubterranian dwelling sites also originated in the Peiligang and Cishan cultures, while the same is seen in the village sites of the Yangshao culture. All of this shows that Peiligang culture and Cishan culture are the predecessors of Yangshao culture. The Peiligang culture sites are mainly located in the central part of
1450:
1658:
1500:. The villages were quite large, on the order of square kilometers. Dwelling sites are usually square or round and semisubterranian, divided into inner and outer chambers, with flat or even chalky floors. Chambers often have the remains of burnt fires. Tribes were often located on river terraces. In some cases, sites in good condition can encompass several non-contiguous
1913:, dating from around the end of the 14th century to the middle of the 11th century BCE. Since the discovery of Yinxu, about 150,000 pieces of oracle bones with characters have been unearthed. More than 5,000 individual characters have been identified from these inscribed oracle bones, and about 1,700
1635:
in the wheel system components increased greatly. Villages had walls made of rammed earth for self-defense, and there were apparently wars between villages. Some wounded skeletons were thrown in heaps in pits and caves, probably also victims of war. Religious beliefs emerged, and bone divination and
1537:
have symbolic functions, to the point that certain scholars consider
Yangshao pottery patterns a form of writing. On the whole, Yangshao culture in the social organization, production level and the use of abstract symbols have a considerable degree of development. Yangshao culture has a long history
1492:
has been widely employed, with results about 4515–2460 BCE (corrected to 5150–2960 BCE), with a continuation of more than two thousand years. The
Yangshao culture can be represented by the Banpo Village site in Shaanxi; of course, there are several types of Yangshao culture presented across temporal
1648:
was also institutionalized. The division of social status and occupations within the same community created a phenomenon of social differentiation, which is also linked to the growing complexity and organization of the community. Settlements were more permanent, and therefore had a clearer sense of
1523:
and other grains; storage caves at several sites have yielded millet-type grains. Pottery jars for storing vegetable seeds have also been excavated at the Banpo site. Livestock were mostly pigs and dogs, with fewer cows and sheep. Agricultural tools include stone hoes and shovels for plowing, stone
1398:
correction) and 7350±1000 BCE. Roughly contemporaneous with
Peiligang, the Egou Beigang culture is 5315–5025 BCE (corrected to 5916–5737 BCE). The main artifacts of Peiligang culture are stone grinding discs with feet, stone grinding poles, narrow and flat stone shovels with double curved edges and
1579:
stabilized the food supply, leading to an increase in population. Thus, on the one hand, there was an overflow of population to form more settlements and spread the culture to areas never before inhabited by people. On the other hand, also because of the limited space available for habitation, the
1295:
The
Mesolithic period in China, between the Upper Paleolithic and Early Neolithic, was characterized by the manufacture of microliths, and is therefore also known as the "Microlith Period". China was in the Mesolithic period from about 10,000 to 7,000 years ago, with cultures successively entering
1080:
and subsisted by collecting plants and hunting wildlife. Although humans also used wooden and bone tools within this era, the
Paleolithic period is typified by the use of stone tools made by hammering stones. Other materials, such as leather and plant fibers, are also suitable for tooling, but the
1528:
often have painted decoration. For this reason, archaeologists once referred to
Yangshao culture as "colored pottery culture". Motifs include geometric shapes and flowing irregular lines, as well as fairly realistic or pictorial images, such as fish, pigs, frogs, sheep, human heads, and the like.
1373:
The
Peiligang culture and the Cishan culture are the earliest Neolithic cultures in China that have been seen in archaeology so far. Both cultures already had agriculture, but the large number of excavations of tree seeds, fish bones, and animal bones indicate that gathering food was still of
1603:
in the border area of Henan, Jin and
Shaanxi, whose carbon 14 date is 2310±95 years BCE (corrected to 2780±145 years BCE). In contrast, the entire Henan Longshan culture dates from 2100 to 1810 BCE (corrected to 2515 to 2155 BCE). The Longshan culture of Shaanxi is comparable in age and also
1177:
Xujiayao
Culture. The Middle Paleolithic cultures of China maintained the types and processing techniques of earlier cultures. Despite slight changes in types and slight advances in technology, they were all slow in progress. One notable feature is the lack of significant development of
1787:
and the cultural landscape reflected in hundreds of sites that have the cultural characteristics of the Erlitou site in addition to the Erlitou site. The Erlitou site and the Erlitou culture became recognized as key research objects for ascertaining the historicity of the
1792:. The broad geographic dispersal of Erlitou material culture may indicate that the society of the time had moved from a pluralistic situation where a number of competing political entities existed side by side to the period of a wide-area dynastic royal state.
1504:, suggesting that agriculture was practiced in the form of nomadic cultivation. But tribal migration often depended on conditions favorable to farming, so that the same site could be occupied successively by people moving in to establish a settled tribe.
1338:
was characterized by a gradual progression from food gathering to food production, and by the development of stone tools from rudimentary to specialized. With the advent of agriculture, people had a more reliable food supply; The emergence of long-term
1917:
can be recognized. The information recorded in the oracle bones advances the credible history of written records in China to the Shang dynasty, and modern Chinese characters evolved from the oracle bones. There are also tens of thousands of pieces of
1524:
knives and axes for felling, and stone sharpeners for general scraping. Yangshao agriculture was productive to such a level that storage caves are found distributed all throughout the villages, clearly indicating surplus food supply. Yangshao culture
1507:
The site at Banpo, Xi'an, Shaanxi, has at least two cultural layers, with the ruins and cellars of one layer superimposed on the remains of the other, separated by layers of soil alternately lush with grass seeds and tree pollen. Only with the
1705:
Bronze cultures throughout China have their own characteristics and styles, and can be divided into different regional types. The earliest excavated bronze objects in China (2900 BCE to 2740 BCE) belong to the
1343:
led to the complexity of living in groups; people began to use abstract symbols to represent concrete things, and representational art emerged. The Neolithic 'revolution' was a major juncture in human history.
1201:
In north China, there is a tradition of small stone tools inherited from the previous period, the important representatives of which are the Sarawusu site, the Zhiyu culture, the Xiaonanhai site, and the
1287:. In general, the main characteristic of the cultures of this period is that, with the exception of a few sites, the production of blade crafts and bone and horn tools was not very well developed.
1580:
inhabitants of the cluster had to settle in the same place permanently. The Longshan culture of each region is thus quite localized. As to Longshan culture in the Central Plains, there existed
1640:
are sufficient to indicate the direction of this development. Eggshell pottery, with its thin, hard walls, was not intended for everyday use, and this specialized utensil was developed for
4046:
1374:
considerable importance. The presence of agricultural tools, grains, and domestic animals signifies that a significant portion of food was already supplied by production. Early Neolithic
4683:
1145:. Fewer than 1 million years ago, sites are represented in the north by the Peking Man culture at Zhoukoudian site 1, and in the south by the Guanyin Cave culture at Guanyin Cave in
2733:
2496:
1572:
Immediately following the Yangshao culture, the late Neolithic culture in the Central Plains was the Longshan culture, which was more widely distributed and richer in content.
1761:
to the Bronze Age, there was no breakthrough in the development of the tools of production in China, but only class and social changes, and that bronzes were mainly used as
1153:
of the West. However, some scholars believe that there may have been exchanges between the Chinese Paleolithic culture and the Western Acheulean culture during this period.
1149:. All in all, Chinese Early Paleolithic cultures are basically of a type similar to the Oldowan cultures, and do not seem to display the technological advancements of the
4831:
2054:
1190:
Into the Late Palaeolithic, the number of sites increased, cultural relics became richer, technology advanced significantly, and cultural types became more diverse. In
1839:. Also known as the Erligang period Shang culture, it is an early Bronze Age archaeological culture between the Erlitou Xia culture and the Yinxu late Shang culture.
1081:
nature of these materials has prevented them from being used in a wider range of applications. During the Paleolithic period, humans evolved dramatically from early
1399:
stone scythes with serrated teeth, which are obviously tools related to agricultural production, and their pottery assemblage includes figurines of pigs' heads.
5050:
3939:
4283:
3978:
5484:
4972:
2951:[The 90th Anniversary of the Scientific Excavation of Yinxu Witnesses the Birth and Growth of Chinese Archaeology] (in Chinese). China News Service
2610:
1842:
In 1950, archaeologists discovered a new kind of remains for the first time at the Erligang site, which is located two miles southeast of the old city of
1378:
was handmade, but it was fired to more than 900 °C (1,650 °F), and the forms were already quite complex, with a number of motifs and even a few
4086:
1611:
The Longshan culture of Henan developed on the basis of the Yangshao culture, while there were several changes in its content. Farming tools include the
4011:
3897:
2388:[Provincial Important Cultural Relics Protection Unit—Dingxiu Maomao Cave "Xingyi Man" site] (in Chinese). Qianxinan People's Government. 2022
3902:
2877:
Boileau, Giles (2023). "Shang Dynasty's "nine generations chaos" and the Reign of Wu Ding: towards a Unilineal Line of Transmission of Royal Power".
5665:
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into four phases: the heyday, the decadence, the mid-emergence, and the decline. Some scholars have also divided this period into five stages: pre-
5746:
1426:. The data for the site of the Cishan culture are dated to 5405–5110 BCE (corrected to 6005–5794 BCE). In the cellar of the Cishan culture site,
2788:
1538:
and is dominant in the Central Plains, and has had a non-negligible influence on the Neolithic cultures of the surrounding neighboring regions.
5494:
4507:
2704:
1516:
and a sense of self-grouping. The phenomenon of burial in cemeteries reflects group consciousness having transcended the boundaries of time.
2913:
2833:
establishes the story of Zhengzhou] (Interview) (in Chinese). Interviewed by Peng Xiya (彭茜雅). Henan Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics
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2408:
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to anatomically modern humans. During the latter stages of the Paleolithic humans began to create the earliest art and became involved in
5043:
3412:
2255:[Archaeological evidence for the successive evolution of Pleistocene East Asian populations and a discussion of related issues].
1957:
1799:, the Erlitou culture can be called the "earliest China". The civilizational underpinnings of the Erlitou culture became the mainstay of
1678:
and went through several different stages of development: early, middle and late. Some scholars have divided China's Bronze Age from the
1125:
The distribution of early Paleolithic cultures in China has been widespread. Chinese Paleolithic cultures dating back to 1 million years
3742:
1029:
969:
3121:
2858:[Erligang culture created Chinese writing in a brief period of time] (in Chinese). Henan Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics
4081:
4066:
3966:
3823:
3781:
1296:
the Neolithic period after one or two millennia, a relatively brief span of time. There are also the Shayuan Culture of Shayuan in
2351:
1850:
is the earliest typical site where this kind of cultural remains can be found, the name of Erligang culture was proposed in 1954.
1256:
In the south, several regional cultures emerged during this period, such as the Fulin culture type named after the Fulin site in
5036:
4836:
3987:
3315:
3052:
1403:
The Jiahu Gudi unearthed at the Jiahu site between 7,000 and 5,700 years ago is the earliest, best-preserved and most numerous
659:
2066:
1065:. This period is generally defined as from about 2.6 million or 2.5 million years ago (the first production of stone tools by
4688:
4076:
3138:
3116:
2993:
2593:
2479:
2208:
2008:
1073:). The division of this period is generally threefold: the Lower, Middle, and Upper Paleolithic, followed by the Mesolithic.
959:
1807:
of the Erlitou culture and has been tentatively recognized as the site of a capital city in the middle to late Xia dynasty.
4323:
4056:
3553:
532:
522:
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5073:
4051:
3422:
3171:
1329:
1001:
163:
2765:[The foundation stone of the Erlitou Museum will be laid today, where the "earliest China" will be presented.].
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3786:
3166:
1822:
1595:
The Longshan culture of Henan occupied the Jinnan and Ji'nan regions, mainly along the middle and lower reaches of the
1113:
1048:
153:
1198:, as well as in other regions, there are cultural types of a similar age but with different technological traditions.
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through the inheritance and abandonment between the dynasties of the Shang and Zhou eras. The Erlitou site is the
1275:
In addition, a number of Paleolithic cultural sites belonging to this period or slightly later have been found in
4754:
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3460:
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3300:
3108:
584:
5172:
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The Erlitou culture is considered the beginning of the Bronze Age in China. The Erlitou culture includes both
5827:
3934:
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3722:
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996:
922:
857:
2668:
2639:
The Complete History of China in 100 Volumes: Economic History of the Ancient Period and the Three Dynasties
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2383:
1784:
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2423:(3). Peking University School of Archaeology, Letters and Museums: 68–77 – via Baidu online library.
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3330:
3093:
984:
741:
122:
1382:. Many of the pottery forms of the Peiligang culture and the Cishan culture are also found in the later
5848:
4356:
4236:
3992:
3946:
3929:
3912:
3659:
3623:
3470:
3045:
989:
2798:
5784:
4959:
4551:
4375:
4256:
4209:
4153:
3618:
3563:
3290:
3176:
3103:
1947:
1592:
Longshan culture, of which Henan Longshan culture formed the direct descendants of Yangshao culture.
1015:
952:
917:
490:
186:
96:
696:
5162:
5138:
4917:
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3639:
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3233:
3148:
1731:
686:
335:
3250:
2923:
1488:, Henan and Hubei's northwestern part, including the entire Central Plains and the Guanshan area.
5858:
4967:
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4351:
4346:
4251:
4226:
4170:
4004:
3956:
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3712:
3707:
3649:
3573:
3558:
3417:
3198:
2531:
1746:
1551:
1276:
1219:
1214:, which has more than a few similarities with its Western contemporaries. There are also typical
1162:
1138:
912:
3372:
2946:
4922:
4729:
4563:
4519:
4497:
4194:
3644:
3548:
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3098:
1987:
Toth, Nicholas; Schick, Kathy (2007). "Overview of Paleolithic Archeology". In Winfried Henke;
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1513:
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132:
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4709:
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4021:
3858:
3846:
3836:
3605:
3238:
3038:
1735:
1687:
937:
354:
2760:
2526:[Understanding Yangshao culture in the exploration of the origin of civilization].
2230:[Discussion on the survival environment of ancient human beings at Donggutuo Site].
2084:
5817:
5789:
5710:
5387:
4638:
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4446:
4241:
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4143:
4138:
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3699:
3181:
2986:
The King's Harvest: A Political Ecology of China from the First Farmers to the First Empire
1952:
1857:, centered on Erligang in Zhengzhou, the sites of the Yin–Shang period, such as Liulige in
1847:
1828:
1265:
1070:
979:
192:
1897:, the upper levels of the Zhengzhou Park area, and the Taishan Temple site and burials in
1241:
In the northeast, important sites belonging to this period include the Xiaogushan site in
8:
5700:
5675:
5635:
5341:
4939:
4784:
4678:
4673:
4643:
4601:
4524:
4487:
4407:
4392:
4221:
4182:
3889:
3503:
3407:
1827:
Erligang culture is a culture type named after the Shang dynasty cultural remains at the
1179:
2679:
Transactions of the Chinese Social Sciences Academy Ancient Civilization Research Centre
2673:[Preliminary notes on a discussion of the Longshan culture sites in Shandong].
2361:
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5274:
5182:
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4621:
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4333:
3999:
3919:
3907:
3875:
3530:
3525:
3443:
3143:
2894:
2315:
1914:
1906:
1404:
1242:
1104:
947:
127:
5803:
5779:
5751:
5718:
5568:
5501:
5304:
5244:
5177:
5167:
5150:
5133:
4885:
4877:
4591:
4458:
4429:
4387:
4316:
4273:
4231:
4098:
4038:
3810:
3747:
3609:
3390:
3360:
3186:
3016:
2989:
2898:
2642:
2589:
2475:
2443:
2333:
2204:
2172:
2143:
2118:
2090:
2033:
2004:
1762:
1605:
1364:
1357:
1173:
Province. Also more important are the Zhoukoudian Locality 15 culture and the Shanxi
1150:
875:
443:
423:
198:
19:
2554:
5583:
5540:
5528:
5506:
5444:
5439:
5427:
5382:
5353:
5331:
5210:
5116:
5003:
4996:
4895:
4890:
4816:
4744:
4663:
4578:
4568:
4539:
4475:
4470:
4304:
4278:
4263:
4148:
4126:
4110:
4016:
3465:
3455:
3295:
3088:
3073:
3065:
3008:
2886:
2853:
2824:
2495:
Henan Team I, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (1984).
2474:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Central Compilation and Translation Publishing House.
2264:
2232:
1996:
1962:
1910:
1816:
1711:
1707:
1567:
1489:
1457:
1444:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1203:
554:
112:
104:
48:
1599:. The intermediate type from Yangshao culture to Longshan culture in Henan is the
5766:
5695:
5684:
5652:
5628:
5623:
5370:
5321:
5249:
5198:
4611:
4606:
4529:
4480:
4441:
4105:
3687:
3493:
3380:
2000:
1890:
1778:
1394:, Peiligang culture has three data of 5935±480 BCE, 5195±300 BCE (5879 BCE after
1269:
1231:
1166:
1146:
1054:
33:
5028:
2615:[New Discoveries of Early Neolithic Culture in the Yellow River Basin].
1922:, about 1,500 pieces of bronze ceremonial objects, about 3,500 pieces of bronze
1631:' tools were no longer axes for felling, but more processing tools for cutting.
5807:
5761:
5723:
5573:
5563:
5557:
5511:
5456:
5422:
5392:
5326:
5316:
5280:
5012:
4944:
4867:
4714:
4668:
4653:
4648:
4631:
4616:
4402:
3757:
3752:
3682:
3268:
2203:] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Classics Publishing House. p. 122.
1988:
1766:
1750:
1509:
1501:
1485:
1415:
dated to about 6600 BCE, but they cannot be conclusively identified as writing.
1368:
1352:
1313:
1257:
1223:
1195:
1174:
1126:
1066:
456:
373:
2890:
5842:
5690:
5660:
5417:
5269:
5264:
5254:
5227:
5106:
4977:
4724:
4558:
4397:
4199:
3520:
3508:
3350:
3211:
2337:
1854:
1723:
1679:
1662:
1612:
1546:
1412:
1408:
1206:. There is the Blade culture type, represented by the Shuidonggou culture in
1057:
refers to the stage of civilization development in which humans began to use
246:
213:
5756:
5533:
5489:
5346:
5298:
5259:
5017:
4902:
4774:
4739:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3320:
3310:
3228:
3223:
2224:
Pei Shuwen (裴樹文); Li Xiaoli (李瀟麗); Liu Decheng (劉德成); Ma Ning (馬寧) (2009).
1739:
1727:
1699:
1695:
1683:
1596:
1461:
1250:
1207:
821:
797:
784:
771:
715:
674:
612:
326:
316:
293:
63:
3012:
2945:
Sun Zifa (孫自法) (14 October 2018). Wu Yaxiong (吴亚雄); Jiang Bo (蒋波) (eds.).
5640:
5521:
5472:
5143:
5121:
5099:
4596:
3513:
3498:
3305:
3263:
3258:
3206:
2588:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Publishing House. pp. 236–258.
2225:
1789:
1719:
1576:
1497:
1297:
1268:, and the Maomao culture type initially discovered at the Maomao site in
1191:
1134:
728:
599:
433:
401:
388:
222:
29:
5588:
5516:
5232:
5215:
5203:
5156:
5126:
4769:
3677:
3488:
3216:
2115:
Uniquely Human: The Evolution of Speech, Thought, and Selfless Behavior
2089:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 6–12.
1931:
1874:
1675:
1109:
1058:
480:
269:
86:
67:
2413:[On the origin and development of early bone and horn tools].
1418:
The main sites of the Cishan site are located in the southern part of
5612:
5477:
5449:
4779:
4734:
3672:
3613:
2292:
2032:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Higher Education Press. pp. 43–44.
1935:
1843:
1832:
1804:
1796:
1758:
1691:
1628:
1530:
1335:
1264:, the Tongliang culture type represented by the Zhang Ertang site in
1215:
1062:
2142:. African Archaeology Series, vol. 4. Rowman Altamira. p. 285.
1550:
Eggshell high-stemmed cup of the Longshan culture, excavated at the
5432:
4854:
4847:
4160:
2065:. Translated by Li Min: 1–13. UDK 903(510)"633/634". Archived from
1641:
1589:
1559:
1555:
1534:
1430:
of decayed grains were unearthed, which were judged to be probably
1379:
1280:
1086:
1161:
The Middle Paleolithic culture in China can be represented by the
70:
civilizations predating the historical record—which first emerges
5740:
5400:
5375:
5220:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3030:
1919:
1898:
1886:
1862:
1858:
1637:
1632:
1585:
1525:
1481:
1473:
1375:
1305:
1301:
1284:
1261:
1211:
1130:
1094:
623:
474:
468:
18:
The earliest human occupation of what is now China dates to the
5363:
4949:
1923:
1894:
1800:
1616:
1520:
1469:
1449:
1427:
1407:
in the world that can still be used for playing. The excavated
1317:
1246:
1227:
1170:
1098:
2320:[Microlith crafts, composite tools, bamboo culture].
5358:
5336:
5309:
5237:
3061:
2740:
2641:] (in Chinese). China Literature Press. p. 126–128.
2415:
1902:
1880:
1836:
1730:
dynasties were the heyday of the Bronze Age, followed by the
1624:
1620:
1619:
and bone spatula. Agricultural products were still primarily
1581:
1477:
1465:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1387:
1340:
1309:
1235:
1077:
82:
1519:
Agriculture at Yangshao was dominated by the cultivation of
1061:
as their main means of labor, and is the early stage of the
2171:] (in Chinese). The Commercial Press. p. 142–143.
1927:
1657:
1453:
Owl-faced figure, Yangshao culture Miaodigou type pottery
2617:
China Philosophy and Social Science Documentation Center
2086:
Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction
2140:
African Foragers: Environment, Technology, Interactions
1230:, and the Hutouliang culture at the Hutouliang site in
2879:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
2709:[On the Origins of Ancient Chinese Bronzes].
1795:
As the earliest remnant of a wide-area royal state in
2442:]. Vol. 1. Beijing: Higher Education Press.
840:
762:
642:
575:
505:
379:
2520:Zhang Jie (張杰); Zhang Qingli (张清俐) (31 July 2015).
1889:, the final part of the Shang dynasty centered on
1627:, but the harvest seems to have been much larger.
5058:
2738:[On the Origins of the Erlitou Culture].
2501:[1979 Peiligang site excavation report].
2163:Wang Renxiang (王仁湘), Jia Xiaobing (賈笑冰) (1998).
1905:is the first documented and archaeologically and
1853:According to archaeological discoveries, the pre-
5840:
3005:Social Memory and State Formation in Early China
1575:During the Yangshao culture, the development of
1347:
2918:[Archaeological excavations at Yinxu].
2356:["Harbin Man" from 20,000 years ago.].
2287:[Shandingdong man-made historic site].
2633:Shi Zhongwen (史仲文); Hu Xiaolin (胡曉林) (2011).
2360:(in Chinese). 28 November 2012. Archived from
2314:Chen Mingyuan (陳明遠); Jin Minbin (金岷彬) (2014).
2117:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
2083:McClellan, James E. III; Dorn, Harold (2006).
1995:. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 1963.
1901:. There are also tombs belonging to this era.
1718:, was the first to clearly point out that the
1460:is the mainstream of Neolithic culture in the
28:—attested by archaeological finds such as the
5044:
4697:
3046:
2979:(Updated ed.). Taipei: Joint Publishing.
2407:Qu Tongli (曲彤麗); Chen Youcheng (陳宥成) (2018).
2291:(in Chinese). 17 January 2017. Archived from
2082:
1496:The Yangshao culture significantly developed
1356:Stone Grinding Plate and Stone Grinding Rod,
1076:Paleolithic humans usually lived together in
1023:
2822:
2396:– via China Minzu Cultural Resources.
2055:"The Mesolithic and the Neolithic in China"
1958:Five thousand years of Chinese civilization
5051:
5037:
3053:
3039:
2885:(2). Cambridge University Press: 299–300.
2559:Henan Institute of Culture and Archaeology
2519:
2461:
2459:
2434:Wu Yujin (吳於廑); Qi Shirong (齊世榮) (2011).
2223:
1986:
1312:, and the Xiachuan Culture of Xiachuan in
1030:
1016:
2797:(in Chinese). 3 July 2014. Archived from
2112:
1656:
1545:
1448:
1351:
1218:discovered after the 1970s, such as the
1103:
1069:) to 12,000 years ago (the emergence of
2912:Li Liangkun (李良昆), ed. (13 June 2009).
2876:
2456:
2313:
2269:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2014.03.006
2162:
2137:
5841:
3988:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
2983:
2406:
1304:, the Lingjing Culture of Lingjing in
5032:
3034:
2920:People's Government of Henan Province
2818:
2816:
2698:
2696:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2632:
2628:
2626:
2465:
2440:World History, Ancient History Series
2052:
1156:
1141:, the Lantian Human Culture, and the
2829:[Facing the Press: Xu Hong says
2731:
2433:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2108:
2106:
2078:
2076:
2023:
1390:. In terms of the age determined by
5823:
4684:Major Historical and Cultural Sites
2974:
2944:
2851:
2758:
2666:
2608:
2552:
2250:
1810:
1541:
1438:
1330:List of Neolithic cultures of China
13:
3822:
3060:
3002:
2967:
2911:
2813:
2702:
2693:
2655:
2623:
2579:
1823:Periodization of the Shang dynasty
1772:
1114:American Museum of Natural History
1049:List of Paleolithic sites in China
14:
5880:
3979:Political Consultative Conference
2852:Yan Zhibin (严志斌) (7 April 2023).
2553:Niu Wei (牛維) (25 December 2016).
2201:Dictionary of Chinese Archaeology
2185:
2103:
2073:
2030:History of China for Universities
1934:, and more than 30,000 pieces of
1749:ever found in China. Academician
1670:List of Bronze Age sites in China
26: 1.7 million years ago
5822:
5813:
5812:
5802:
4765:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty
4760:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty
1885:Following a brief occupation at
1769:as a symbol of political power.
111:
4755:Four Paragons of the Early Tang
3952:Political parties and movements
3316:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
3301:Northern and Southern dynasties
2938:
2905:
2870:
2845:
2781:
2752:
2725:
2681:] (in Chinese). No. 19
2602:
2573:
2546:
2513:
2488:
2427:
2400:
2376:
2344:
2307:
2275:
2244:
1785:the culture of the Erlitou site
1185:
1120:
3007:. Cambridge University Press.
2217:
2156:
2131:
2046:
2017:
1980:
1042:
970:Science and technology history
1:
5059:Prehistoric cultures of China
2977:A History of the Western Zhou
2823:Xu Hong (许宏) (22 July 2023).
2759:Shu Jun (舒珺) (11 June 2017).
2466:Huang Fenglin (黃鳳琳) (2014).
2169:Prehistoric Cultures of China
2138:Kusimba, Sibel Barut (2003).
1993:Handbook of Paleoanthropology
1968:
1868:
1755:Ancient Society and the State
1652:
1529:Several of these rudimentary
1348:Peiligang and Cishan cultures
1290:
1245:, and the Yanjiagang site in
340:
299:
275:
252:
228:
169:
71:
52:
37:
22:
4057:Ministry of National Defense
3396:Chinese Communist Revolution
2922:(in Chinese). Archived from
2619:(6): 36–40 – via CNKI.
2530:(in Chinese). Archived from
2509:(2): 23–52 – via CNKI.
2001:10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_64
1973:
1930:, more than 6,500 pieces of
1909:proven capital city site in
1745:is the largest and heaviest
1323:
7:
4720:Flowers of the Four Seasons
4705:Four Treasures of the Study
4324:Water supply and sanitation
4052:Central Military Commission
4047:Outline of military history
3797:Province-level subdivisions
2732:Zhao Zhiquan (趙芝荃) (1986).
2113:Lieberman, Phillip (1991).
2024:Wang Jiafan (王家范) (2011).
1941:
10:
5885:
5869:History of China by period
3993:Primary stage of socialism
3935:National People's Congress
3403:People's Republic of China
2703:Li Xiandeng (李先登) (1984).
2609:Yan Wenming (嚴文明) (1979).
2257:Acta Anthropologica Sinica
1878:
1872:
1820:
1814:
1776:
1667:
1565:
1442:
1362:
1327:
1053:The Paleolithic period in
1046:
5798:
5785:Yellow River civilization
5775:
5732:
5709:
5674:
5651:
5604:
5549:
5465:
5410:
5290:
5191:
5087:
5064:
4990:
4958:
4876:
4797:
4577:
4383:
4374:
4332:
4292:
4134:
4125:
4037:
3888:
3818:
3809:
3772:
3743:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
3698:
3632:
3541:
3479:
3451:
3442:
3371:
3249:
3197:
3157:
3081:
3072:
2988:. Yale University Press.
2891:10.1017/S0041977X23000277
2762:二里头遗址博物馆今日奠基 ”最早的中国“将在此呈现
2748:(1): 15 – via CNKI.
2689:– via 中国社会科学院考古研究所.
2580:Li Youmou (李友謀) (2010).
1948:Yellow River civilization
1702:, and late Eastern Zhou.
1464:, distributed throughout
1422:and the northern part of
1071:agricultural civilization
844:
766:
646:
579:
509:
383:
5466:Middle and Upper Yangtze
4918:Catholic Church in China
4062:People's Liberation Army
4029:One country, two systems
2947:
2914:
2854:
2825:
2793:[Erlitou site].
2789:
2761:
2734:
2710:
2705:
2674:
2669:
2634:
2611:
2586:On the Peiligang Culture
2581:
2527:
2522:
2497:
2467:
2435:
2409:
2384:
2352:
2321:
2316:
2283:
2252:
2226:
2196:
2164:
2025:
1926:, about 2,600 pieces of
1732:Spring and Autumn period
5854:Ancient China by period
4750:Four Pillars of Destiny
4535:Regional discrimination
3957:Chinese Communist Party
2959:– via Renminwang.
2385:省级重点文物保护单位—顶效猫猫洞“兴义人”遗址
2372:– via www.uua.cn.
2289:Zhoukoudian Site Museum
2253:更新世东亚人群连续演化的考古证据及相关问题论述
2251:Gao Xing (高星) (2014).
2195:Wang Wei (王巍) (2014).
2059:Documenta Praehistorica
1716:The Bronze Age of China
5550:Lower Yangtze and Huai
5173:Liaoning bronze dagger
4503:Science and technology
4176:Special economic zones
3428:persecution of Uyghurs
3356:Century of humiliation
2984:Lander, Brian (2021).
2975:Hsu, Jonathan (2005).
2948:殷墟科学发掘90周年 见证中国考古学诞生成长
1865:, belong to this era.
1710:of Gansu. Academician
1665:
1563:
1514:Political organisation
1493:and spatial divides.
1454:
1360:
1117:
4710:Four Great Inventions
4094:People's Armed Police
3013:10.1017/9781316493618
2826:【正观新闻】许宏：“最早的帝国”为郑州立传
2795:China Culture Network
1879:Further information:
1821:Further information:
1736:Warring States period
1688:Warring States period
1668:Further information:
1660:
1549:
1452:
1355:
1328:Further information:
1107:
1047:Further information:
835:(mainland, 1912–1949)
5790:Yangtze civilization
4689:World Heritage Sites
4217:Foreign aid received
3925:Environmental policy
3723:Environmental policy
3718:Environmental issues
2667:Sun Bo (孫波) (2010).
2534:on 19 September 2017
2472:bipolar world theory
2328:] (in Chinese).
2326:Social Science Forum
1953:Yangtze civilization
1801:Chinese civilization
1644:ceremonies as well.
1266:Tongliang, Chongqing
1216:microlithic cultures
79: 1200 BCE
60: 1400 BCE
45: 1500 BCE
5291:Middle Yellow River
4935:History of religion
4930:Freedom of religion
4785:Four Pests campaign
4730:Four Classic Novels
4342:Automotive industry
4222:Foreign aid program
3913:Pro-democratisation
3408:Cultural Revolution
2801:on 11 November 2004
2364:on 16 December 2012
2227:泥河湾盆地东谷坨遗址古人类生存环境探讨
1396:dendrochronological
1180:Levallois technique
5864:Prehistory of Asia
5411:Lower Yellow River
5192:Upper Yellow River
5088:Northeastern China
4842:Population history
4822:Internal migration
4437:Harmonious Society
4312:Telecommunications
4269:Standard of living
4188:Online advertising
3940:Standing Committee
2926:on 3 December 2017
2715:Historical Monthly
2053:Zhang Chi (1999).
1915:Chinese characters
1861:and Donggangou in
1763:ceremonial weapons
1694:, late Yin Shang,
1674:China entered the
1666:
1588:Longshan culture,
1584:Longshan culture,
1564:
1462:Yellow River basin
1455:
1405:musical instrument
1361:
1243:Haicheng, Liaoning
1157:Middle Paleolithic
1118:
1108:Reconstruction of
850:
660:Five Dynasties and
652:
587:Southern dynasties
515:
414:Chu–Han Contention
406:(206 BCE – 220 CE)
5849:Prehistoric China
5836:
5835:
5780:Liao civilization
5026:
5025:
4986:
4985:
4793:
4792:
4370:
4369:
4357:Shipping industry
4121:
4120:
4087:Strategic Support
3962:General Secretary
3947:National security
3930:Foreign relations
3884:
3883:
3805:
3804:
3768:
3767:
3471:Natural disasters
3438:
3437:
3391:Chinese Civil War
3386:Republic of China
3361:Taiping Rebellion
3234:Spring and Autumn
3139:Foreign relations
2995:978-0-300-25508-9
2675:中國社會科學院古代文明研究中心通訊
2612:黄河流域新石器时代早期文化的新发现
2595:978-7-03-026483-1
2481:978-7-511-72022-1
2210:978-7-5326-4027-0
2010:978-3-540-32474-4
1686:dynasties to the
1608:of Miaodigou II.
1606:Neolithic culture
1365:Peiligang culture
1358:Peiligang Culture
1204:Shandingdong site
1151:Acheulean Culture
1137:stone tools, the
1040:
1039:
997:Transport history
923:Education history
895:
894:
890:
889:
876:Republic of China
858:People's Republic
831:Republic of China
810:
809:
759:
758:
754:
753:
639:
638:
572:
571:
567:
566:
503:
502:
336:Spring and Autumn
199:Liao civilization
62:) inhabiting the
49:Erligang cultures
20:Lower Paleolithic
5876:
5826:
5825:
5816:
5815:
5806:
5163:Upper Xiajiadian
5139:Lower Xiajiadian
5053:
5046:
5039:
5030:
5029:
5006:
4999:
4896:Tibetan Buddhism
4891:Chinese Buddhism
4745:Four Holy Beasts
4695:
4694:
4547:Social relations
4476:Standard Chinese
4471:Chinese language
4381:
4380:
4166:Economic history
4132:
4131:
4111:Maritime Militia
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3787:Border crossings
3782:Baseline islands
3477:
3476:
3449:
3448:
3413:Tiananmen Square
3296:Sixteen Kingdoms
3104:Military history
3079:
3078:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3003:Li, Min (2018).
2999:
2980:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2855:二里岗文化短时间内创制了中国文字
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2831:The First Empire
2820:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2664:
2653:
2652:
2635:中国全史百卷本·远古暨三代经济史
2630:
2621:
2620:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2233:Science Bulletin
2221:
2215:
2214:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2069:on 7 April 2018.
2050:
2044:
2043:
2021:
2015:
2014:
1984:
1963:Prehistoric Asia
1846:, and since the
1817:Erligang culture
1811:Erligang culture
1708:Majiayao culture
1661:Liu Ding of the
1646:Ancestor worship
1568:Longshan culture
1542:Longshan culture
1490:Carbon-14 dating
1458:Yangshao culture
1445:Yangshao culture
1439:Yangshao culture
1392:carbon-14 dating
1384:Yangshao culture
1336:Neolithic period
1220:Xiachuan culture
1131:Xihoudou Culture
1093:realms, such as
1032:
1025:
1018:
960:Military history
918:Economic history
906:Related articles
883:
865:
847:
846:
842:
841:
836:
803:
790:
777:
764:
763:
747:
734:
721:
702:
692:
680:
667:
649:
648:
644:
643:
628:
618:
605:
592:
577:
576:
560:
555:Sixteen Kingdoms
538:
528:
512:
511:
507:
506:
496:
462:
449:
439:
429:
428:(202 BCE – 9 CE)
419:
407:
394:
381:
380:
359:
351:
349:
345:
342:
332:
322:
310:
308:
304:
301:
286:
284:
280:
277:
263:
261:
257:
254:
239:
237:
233:
230:
180:
178:
174:
171:
115:
105:History of China
92:
91:
80:
76:
73:
61:
57:
54:
46:
42:
39:
27:
24:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5794:
5771:
5728:
5705:
5670:
5647:
5600:
5545:
5461:
5406:
5286:
5187:
5083:
5060:
5057:
5027:
5022:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4982:
4954:
4872:
4832:Life expectancy
4789:
4693:
4573:
4493:Public holidays
4481:Written Chinese
4466:Intellectualism
4418:Sex trafficking
4366:
4328:
4288:
4117:
4033:
3880:
3871:Nationality law
3854:Law enforcement
3832:Judicial system
3801:
3764:
3738:Nature reserves
3728:Protected areas
3694:
3665:Water resources
3628:
3537:
3475:
3434:
3418:Economic reform
3381:1911 Revolution
3367:
3331:Jin (1115–1234)
3245:
3193:
3153:
3068:
3059:
3029:
3023:
2996:
2970:
2968:Further reading
2965:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2916:
2910:
2906:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2827:
2821:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2656:
2649:
2636:
2631:
2624:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2499:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2411:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2295:on 30 June 2017
2285:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2081:
2074:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2011:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1944:
1911:Chinese history
1891:Xiaotun Village
1883:
1877:
1871:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1781:
1779:Erlitou culture
1775:
1773:Erlitou culture
1753:pointed out in
1672:
1655:
1570:
1544:
1502:cultural layers
1447:
1441:
1371:
1363:Main articles:
1350:
1332:
1326:
1293:
1270:Xingyi, Guizhou
1188:
1159:
1147:Qianxi, Guizhou
1123:
1055:palaeogeography
1051:
1045:
1036:
1007:
1006:
1002:Women's history
908:
907:
898:
897:
896:
891:
886:
881:
879:
868:
863:
859:
839:
834:
825:
824:
813:
812:
811:
806:
801:
793:
788:
780:
775:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
737:
732:
724:
719:
711:
705:
700:
690:
678:
670:
665:
661:
641:
640:
635:
626:
616:
608:
603:
595:
590:
586:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
550:
547:
541:
536:
526:
504:
499:
494:
486:
460:
452:
447:
437:
427:
417:
405:
397:
392:
377:
376:
365:
364:
357:
347:
343:
338:
330:
320:
306:
302:
297:
289:
282:
278:
273:
260: 1046 BCE
259:
255:
250:
242:
236: 1600 BCE
235:
231:
226:
217:
216:
205:
204:
177: 2000 BCE
176:
172:
167:
159:
148:
147:
78:
74:
59:
55:
44:
40:
25:
12:
11:
5:
5882:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5859:Stone Age Asia
5856:
5851:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5820:
5810:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5680:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5657:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5621:
5616:
5608:
5606:
5605:Southern China
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5487:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5442:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5425:
5420:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5393:Xiaoshuangqiao
5390:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5302:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5136:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5033:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5008:
5007:
5000:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4964:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4882:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4851:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4803:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4715:Four Gentlemen
4712:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4698:Fours of China
4692:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4583:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4517:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4468:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4439:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4347:Civil aviation
4344:
4338:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4296:
4294:
4293:Infrastructure
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4247:Semiconductors
4244:
4239:
4229:
4227:Historical GDP
4224:
4219:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4005:Vice President
3997:
3996:
3995:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3949:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3733:National parks
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3713:Climate policy
3710:
3708:Climate change
3704:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3614:Central Plains
3603:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3461:Extreme points
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3269:Three Kingdoms
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3239:Warring States
3236:
3231:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3099:Historiography
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3058:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3035:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3000:
2994:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2937:
2904:
2869:
2844:
2812:
2780:
2751:
2724:
2692:
2670:山東龍山文化城址略論（簡稿）
2654:
2647:
2622:
2601:
2594:
2572:
2545:
2523:在文明起源探索中认识仰韶文化
2512:
2498:1979年裴李岗遗址发掘报告
2487:
2480:
2455:
2448:
2426:
2419:(in Chinese).
2410:试论早期骨角器的起源與的发展
2399:
2375:
2343:
2317:细石器工艺、复合工具、竹文化
2306:
2274:
2243:
2236:(in Chinese).
2216:
2209:
2184:
2177:
2155:
2148:
2130:
2123:
2102:
2095:
2072:
2045:
2038:
2016:
2009:
1989:Ian Tattersall
1978:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1943:
1940:
1873:Main article:
1870:
1867:
1815:Main article:
1812:
1809:
1777:Main article:
1774:
1771:
1767:weapons of war
1757:that from the
1714:, in his book
1712:Zhang Guangzhi
1654:
1651:
1604:inherited the
1566:Main article:
1543:
1540:
1510:slash-and-burn
1486:Inner Mongolia
1443:Main article:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1416:
1369:Cishan culture
1349:
1346:
1325:
1322:
1292:
1289:
1187:
1184:
1158:
1155:
1143:Donggutuo site
1122:
1119:
1067:archaic humans
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
999:
994:
993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
967:
962:
957:
956:
955:
945:
940:
935:
933:Jewish history
930:
925:
920:
915:
909:
905:
904:
903:
900:
899:
893:
892:
888:
887:
885:
884:
871:
869:
867:
866:
864:(1949–present)
853:
851:
845:
838:
837:
826:
820:
819:
818:
815:
814:
808:
807:
805:
804:
792:
791:
779:
778:
767:
757:
756:
752:
751:
749:
748:
738:
735:
725:
722:
712:
708:
706:
704:
703:
693:
682:
681:
669:
668:
655:
653:
647:
637:
636:
634:
633:
632:
631:
630:
629:
607:
606:
594:
593:
580:
570:
569:
565:
564:
562:
561:
551:
548:
544:
542:
540:
539:
529:
518:
516:
510:
501:
500:
498:
497:
485:
484:
464:
463:
457:Three Kingdoms
451:
450:
440:
430:
420:
409:
408:
396:
395:
384:
378:
372:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
361:
360:
355:Warring States
352:
348: 476 BCE
323:
321:(1046–771 BCE)
312:
311:
307: 256 BCE
288:
287:
265:
264:
241:
240:
218:
212:
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
182:
181:
158:
157:
149:
143:
142:
141:
138:
137:
136:
135:
133:Historiography
130:
125:
117:
116:
108:
107:
101:
100:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5881:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5829:
5821:
5819:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5542:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5282:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5054:
5049:
5047:
5042:
5040:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4923:Protestantism
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4908:Folk religion
4906:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4812:Ethnic groups
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
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4731:
4728:
4726:
4725:Four Beauties
4723:
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4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
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4564:Urban society
4562:
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4548:
4545:
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4538:
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4520:Social issues
4518:
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4498:Rural society
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4409:
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4399:
4398:Chinese Dream
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4363:
4362:Space program
4360:
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4036:
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4027:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4012:State Council
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3980:
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3926:
3923:
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3901:
3899:
3898:Civil service
3896:
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3877:
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3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
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3808:
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3524:
3523:
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3519:
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3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3504:South Central
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
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3490:
3487:
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3472:
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3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3291:Jin (266–420)
3289:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
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3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
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3160:
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3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:Ethnic groups
3132:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
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3022:9781316493618
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2857:
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2832:
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2819:
2817:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2784:
2768:
2767:China Network
2764:
2755:
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2728:
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2648:9787010014470
2644:
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2449:9787040047042
2445:
2441:
2430:
2422:
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2412:
2403:
2387:
2379:
2363:
2359:
2358:fossilnet.com
2355:
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2206:
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2191:
2189:
2180:
2178:9787507832006
2174:
2170:
2159:
2151:
2149:9780759101548
2145:
2141:
2134:
2126:
2124:9780674921832
2120:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2098:
2096:9781421417752
2092:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2077:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2039:9787040233247
2035:
2031:
2020:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1979:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:Shang dynasty
1851:
1849:
1848:Erligang site
1845:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1829:Erligang site
1824:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1751:Du Zhengsheng
1748:
1747:bronze vessel
1744:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1697:
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1663:Shang Dynasty
1659:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1413:Jiahu symbols
1410:
1409:tortoiseshell
1406:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
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1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
971:
968:
966:
965:Naval history
963:
961:
958:
954:
951:
950:
949:
948:Music history
946:
944:
943:Media history
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
928:Legal history
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
902:
901:
882:1949–present)
878:
877:
873:
872:
870:
862:
861:
855:
854:
852:
849:
848:
843:
833:
832:
828:
827:
823:
817:
816:
800:
799:
795:
794:
787:
786:
782:
781:
774:
773:
769:
768:
765:
744:
743:
739:
736:
731:
730:
726:
723:
718:
717:
713:
710:
709:
707:
699:
698:
697:Southern Song
694:
689:
688:
687:Northern Song
684:
683:
677:
676:
672:
671:
664:
663:
657:
656:
654:
651:
650:
645:
625:
622:
621:
620:
619:
615:
614:
610:
609:
602:
601:
597:
596:
589:
588:
582:
581:
578:
557:
556:
552:
549:
546:
545:
543:
535:
534:
530:
525:
524:
520:
519:
517:
514:
513:
508:
493:
492:
488:
487:
483:
482:
477:
476:
471:
470:
466:
465:
459:
458:
454:
453:
446:
445:
441:
436:
435:
431:
426:
425:
421:
418:(206–202 BCE)
416:
415:
411:
410:
404:
403:
399:
398:
393:(221–207 BCE)
391:
390:
386:
385:
382:
375:
369:
368:
358:(475–221 BCE)
356:
353:
337:
334:
333:
331:(771–256 BCE)
329:
328:
324:
319:
318:
314:
313:
296:
295:
291:
290:
272:
271:
267:
266:
249:
248:
244:
243:
225:
224:
220:
219:
215:
209:
208:
201:
200:
195:
194:
189:
188:
184:
183:
166:
165:
161:
160:
156:
155:
151:
150:
146:
140:
139:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
119:
118:
114:
110:
109:
106:
103:
102:
98:
94:
93:
90:
88:
85:, during the
84:
69:
65:
50:
35:
31:
21:
16:
5534:Panlongcheng
5347:Yangguanzhai
5299:Nanzhuangtou
4913:Christianity
4903:Confucianism
4863:Urbanization
4799:Demographics
4775:Gang of Four
4740:Four Symbols
4639:Martial arts
4413:Prostitution
4300:Architecture
4154:Central bank
4022:Vice Premier
3974:United front
3903:Constitution
3859:Penal system
3837:Human rights
3774:Subdivisions
3612: /
3608: /
3531:Southwestern
3526:Northwestern
3229:Western Zhou
3177:Yellow River
3158:
3127:1949–present
3004:
2985:
2976:
2953:. Retrieved
2940:
2928:. Retrieved
2924:the original
2919:
2907:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2860:. Retrieved
2847:
2835:. Retrieved
2830:
2803:. Retrieved
2799:the original
2794:
2783:
2771:. Retrieved
2769:(in Chinese)
2766:
2754:
2745:
2739:
2727:
2718:
2714:
2706:试论中国古代青铜器的起源
2683:. Retrieved
2678:
2638:
2616:
2604:
2585:
2575:
2563:. Retrieved
2561:(in Chinese)
2558:
2555:"Jiahu Site"
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2532:the original
2515:
2506:
2502:
2490:
2471:
2439:
2436:世界史 古代史编（上卷）
2429:
2420:
2414:
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2362:the original
2357:
2346:
2329:
2325:
2309:
2297:. Retrieved
2293:the original
2288:
2277:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2240:: 2895–2901.
2237:
2231:
2219:
2200:
2168:
2158:
2139:
2133:
2114:
2085:
2067:the original
2062:
2058:
2048:
2029:
2019:
1992:
1982:
1884:
1852:
1841:
1826:
1794:
1782:
1754:
1741:
1715:
1704:
1700:Eastern Zhou
1696:Western Zhou
1673:
1638:burial rites
1610:
1601:Miaodigou II
1597:Yellow River
1594:
1574:
1571:
1552:Chengzi site
1518:
1506:
1495:
1480:, Liaodong,
1456:
1372:
1333:
1294:
1274:
1255:
1251:Heilongjiang
1240:
1200:
1189:
1186:Later period
1163:Dingcun site
1160:
1139:Kehe Culture
1129:include the
1124:
1121:Early period
1083:homo sapiens
1082:
1075:
1052:
938:LGBT history
874:
856:
829:
796:
783:
770:
740:
727:
714:
695:
685:
673:
662:Ten Kingdoms
658:
611:
598:
585:Northern and
583:
553:
531:
521:
489:
479:
473:
467:
461:(220–280 CE)
455:
442:
432:
422:
412:
400:
387:
327:Eastern Zhou
325:
317:Western Zhou
315:
292:
268:
245:
221:
197:
191:
185:
162:
152:
144:
66:valley were
64:Yellow River
17:
15:
5818:Archaeology
5701:Shirenzigou
5641:Fanchengdui
5636:Fanchengdui
5495:Tangjiagang
5473:Pengtoushan
5144:Xinglonggou
5122:Xinglonggou
5100:Xinglonggou
5069:Paleolithic
4679:Variety art
4674:Tea culture
4602:Calligraphy
4587:Archaeology
4447:Food safety
4242:Gold mining
4144:Aquaculture
4139:Agriculture
4099:Coast Guard
3866:Naming laws
3700:Environment
3688:South China
3167:Paleolithic
3159:Prehistoric
3117:before 1912
2721:(1): 40–45.
2353:2万年前的“哈尔滨人”
2263:: 237–252.
1932:stone tools
1907:oracle-bone
1790:Xia dynasty
1577:agriculture
1498:agriculture
1484:, southern
1196:South China
1192:North China
1135:Yuanmou Man
1116:, New York.
1059:stone tools
1043:Paleolithic
985:Discoveries
980:Cartography
975:Archaeology
913:Art history
802:(1644–1912)
789:(1368–1644)
776:(1271–1368)
746:(1115–1234)
733:(1038–1227)
729:Western Xia
701:(1127–1279)
533:Eastern Jin
523:Western Jin
448:(25–220 CE)
444:Eastern Han
424:Western Han
303: 1046
283: 1046
279: 1250
256: 1600
232: 2070
173: 8500
154:Paleolithic
145:Prehistoric
75: 1250
56: 1600
41: 1900
30:Yuanmou Man
5843:Categories
5629:Dayangzhou
5589:Guangfulin
5579:Lingjiatan
5517:Sanxingdui
5485:Chengbeixi
5275:Maoqinggou
5233:Xishanping
5216:Xishanping
5204:Xishanping
5183:Chaodaogou
5157:Xituanshan
5127:Niuheliang
5112:Zhaobaogou
5095:Xinglongwa
5079:Bronze Age
4940:Irreligion
4837:Statistics
4807:Emigration
4770:Four Wangs
4659:Philosophy
4644:Mass media
4627:Literature
4525:Patriarchy
4488:Propaganda
4408:Corruption
4393:Censorship
4183:E-commerce
3890:Government
3683:East China
3655:Waterfalls
3601:Peninsulas
3569:Grasslands
2735:试论二里头文化的源流
1969:References
1936:bone tools
1875:Late Shang
1869:Late Shang
1676:Bronze Age
1653:Bronze Age
1629:Carpenters
1531:engravings
1291:Mesolithic
1110:Peking Man
990:Inventions
720:(916–1125)
691:(960–1127)
679:(960–1279)
346: – c.
344: 770
305: – c.
281: – c.
270:Late Shang
258: – c.
234: – c.
175: – c.
87:Late Shang
77: – c.
68:Bronze Age
58: – c.
43: – c.
5752:Xichengyi
5719:Dabenkeng
5613:Zengpiyan
5569:Majiabang
5558:Kuahuqiao
5502:Qujialing
5478:Bashidang
5450:Chengziya
5388:Zhengzhou
5342:Jiangzhai
5305:Peiligang
5281:Majiayuan
5245:Zhukaigou
5178:Jinggouzi
5168:Baijinbao
5151:Laohushan
5134:Xiaoheyan
5074:Neolithic
4827:Languages
4780:Four Olds
4735:Four arts
4622:Libraries
4552:Structure
4515:Sexuality
4452:incidents
4425:Education
4334:Transport
4210:Renewable
4205:Petroleum
4000:President
3967:Politburo
3920:Elections
3908:Democracy
3876:Terrorism
3624:Volcanoes
3606:Northeast
3584:Mountains
3494:Northeast
3444:Geography
3351:High Qing
3172:Neolithic
3144:Dynasties
3122:1912–1949
3113:Economic
3082:Overviews
2899:260994337
2338:1008-2026
2332:: 30–52.
1974:Citations
1844:Zhengzhou
1833:Zhengzhou
1797:East Asia
1759:Stone Age
1692:Yin Shang
1642:religious
1535:paintings
1380:paintings
1324:Neolithic
1165:found in
1091:spiritual
1087:religious
1063:Stone Age
666:(907–979)
627:(690–705)
617:(618–907)
604:(581–618)
591:(420–589)
559:(304–439)
537:(317–420)
527:(266–316)
495:(266–420)
438:(9–23 CE)
164:Neolithic
128:Dynasties
5676:Xinjiang
5584:Liangzhu
5541:Feijiahe
5529:Erligang
5507:Shijiahe
5445:Longshan
5440:Dawenkou
5433:Xishuipo
5428:Yangshao
5383:Erligang
5354:Longshan
5332:Yangshao
5211:Majiayao
5117:Hongshan
5013:Category
4886:Buddhism
4878:Religion
4855:Post-90s
4848:Post-80s
4592:Archives
4459:HIV/AIDS
4430:Literacy
4388:Abortion
4317:Internet
4274:Taxation
4257:Textiles
4237:Chemical
4232:Industry
4161:Currency
4039:Military
3847:in Tibet
3811:Politics
3748:Wildlife
3660:Wetlands
3423:COVID-19
3251:Imperial
3149:Monarchs
3109:Language
3094:Timeline
3066:articles
2955:17 April
2930:17 April
2837:17 April
2805:17 April
2773:17 April
2565:17 April
2538:17 April
2392:17 April
2368:17 April
2299:17 April
2197:中国考古学大辞典
1991:(eds.).
1942:See also
1805:namesake
1740:Houmuwu
1734:and the
1636:special
1590:Shandong
1560:Shandong
1556:Zhucheng
1281:Xinjiang
1232:Yangyuan
1167:Xiangfen
1095:funerals
953:Timeline
880:(Taiwan,
860:of China
374:Imperial
123:Timeline
97:a series
95:Part of
5828:History
5808:History
5767:Shajing
5741:Beifudi
5696:Subeshi
5624:Wucheng
5401:Huanbei
5376:Xinzhai
5371:Erlitou
5322:Dadiwan
5250:Xindian
5221:Banshan
5199:Dadiwan
4997:Outline
4960:Symbols
4817:Eunuchs
4664:Smoking
4612:Cuisine
4579:Culture
4569:Welfare
4540:Suicide
4508:history
4376:Society
4305:Housing
4279:Tourism
4264:Poverty
4149:Banking
4127:Economy
4106:Militia
4017:Premier
3619:Valleys
3579:Islands
3564:Deserts
3554:Canyons
3542:Terrain
3521:Western
3509:Central
3481:Regions
3466:Geology
3456:Borders
3199:Ancient
3182:Yangtze
3089:History
3074:History
2915:殷墟的考古发掘
2862:11 June
2717:].
2528:中国社会科学报
1924:weapons
1920:pottery
1899:Luoyang
1887:Huanbei
1863:Luoyang
1859:Huixian
1633:Pottery
1586:Shaanxi
1526:pottery
1482:Ningxia
1474:Shaanxi
1428:middens
1411:has 16
1376:pottery
1314:Qinshui
1306:Xuchang
1302:Shaanxi
1285:Qinghai
1262:Sichuan
1258:Hanyuan
1224:Qinshui
1212:Ningxia
1175:Yanggao
1112:at the
1099:rituals
624:Wu Zhou
214:Ancient
193:Yangtze
34:Erlitou
5762:Shanma
5724:Beinan
5711:Taiwan
5685:Xiaohe
5666:Qugong
5619:Shixia
5596:Maqiao
5574:Songze
5564:Hemudu
5522:Jinsha
5512:Baodun
5457:Yueshi
5423:Beixin
5364:Shimao
5327:Baijia
5317:Cishan
5018:Portal
4973:Emblem
4968:Anthem
4950:Taoism
4632:Poetry
4607:Cinema
4530:Racism
4442:Health
4195:Energy
4171:Reform
4082:Rocket
4067:Ground
3792:Cities
3678:Yellow
3650:Rivers
3640:Canals
3594:passes
3589:ranges
3373:Modern
3064:
3019:
2992:
2897:
2685:8 June
2645:
2592:
2582:论裴李岗文化
2478:
2468:两极世界理论
2446:
2336:
2322:社会科学论坛
2284:山顶洞人遗址
2207:
2175:
2165:中国史前文化
2146:
2121:
2093:
2036:
2007:
1895:Anyang
1738:. The
1726:, and
1698:, pre-
1617:sickle
1613:Lei Si
1562:, 1976
1521:millet
1470:Shanxi
1341:tribes
1318:Shanxi
1247:Harbin
1228:Shanxi
1208:Lingwu
1171:Shanxi
1133:, the
1078:tribes
822:Modern
478:, and
196:, and
187:Yellow
99:on the
47:) and
32:. The
5747:Yumin
5733:Other
5691:Tarim
5661:Karuo
5653:Tibet
5418:Houli
5359:Taosi
5337:Banpo
5310:Jiahu
5270:Ordos
5265:Kayue
5255:Xicha
5238:Lajia
5228:Qijia
5107:Xinle
5004:Index
4945:Islam
4868:Women
4669:Sport
4654:Names
4649:Music
4617:Dance
4403:Crime
4284:Trade
4252:Steel
3758:Flora
3753:Fauna
3673:Bohai
3669:Seas
3645:Lakes
3633:Water
3610:North
3574:Hills
3559:Caves
3514:South
3499:North
3212:Shang
3062:China
2895:S2CID
2790:二里头遗址
2741:Kaogu
2713:[
2677:[
2637:[
2584:[
2503:Kaogu
2470:[
2438:[
2416:Kaogu
2324:[
2199:[
2167:[
2028:[
2026:大学中国史
1903:Yinxu
1881:Yinxu
1837:Henan
1724:Shang
1680:Shang
1625:grain
1582:Henan
1478:Hebei
1466:Henan
1424:Henan
1420:Hebei
1388:Henan
1310:Henan
1277:Tibet
1236:Hebei
247:Shang
83:Yinxu
5757:Siba
5490:Daxi
5260:Siwa
4978:Flag
4559:Time
4352:Rail
4200:Coal
4072:Navy
3842:LGBT
3549:Bays
3489:East
3346:Qing
3341:Ming
3336:Yuan
3326:Song
3321:Liao
3311:Tang
3224:Zhou
3217:Late
3187:Liao
3017:ISBN
2990:ISBN
2957:2024
2932:2024
2864:2024
2839:2024
2807:2024
2775:2024
2746:1986
2719:1984
2711:史學月刊
2687:2024
2643:ISBN
2590:ISBN
2567:2024
2540:2024
2507:1984
2476:ISBN
2444:ISBN
2421:2018
2394:2024
2370:2024
2334:ISSN
2301:2024
2205:ISBN
2173:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2119:ISBN
2091:ISBN
2034:ISBN
2005:ISBN
1928:jade
1765:and
1742:ding
1728:Zhou
1684:Zhou
1682:and
1623:and
1621:corn
1533:and
1432:corn
1367:and
1334:The
1298:Dali
1283:and
1194:and
1097:and
1089:and
798:Qing
785:Ming
772:Yuan
716:Liao
675:Song
613:Tang
294:Zhou
285:BCE)
4597:Art
4077:Air
3824:Law
3306:Sui
3279:Han
3274:Wei
3264:Han
3259:Qin
3207:Xia
3009:doi
2887:doi
2265:doi
1997:doi
1893:in
1831:in
1720:Xia
1222:in
742:Jin
600:Sui
491:Jin
475:Shu
469:Wei
434:Xin
402:Han
389:Qin
223:Xia
81:at
5845::
3284:Wu
3015:.
2893:.
2883:86
2881:.
2815:^
2744:.
2695:^
2657:^
2625:^
2557:.
2505:.
2458:^
2330:11
2259:.
2238:19
2187:^
2105:^
2075:^
2063:26
2061:.
2057:.
2003:.
1938:.
1835:,
1722:,
1615:,
1558:,
1554:,
1476:,
1472:,
1468:,
1320:.
1316:,
1308:,
1300:,
1279:,
1272:.
1260:,
1253:.
1249:,
1238:.
1234:,
1226:,
1210:,
1182:.
1169:,
1127:BP
1101:.
481:Wu
472:,
341:c.
300:c.
276:c.
253:c.
229:c.
190:,
170:c.
89:.
72:c.
53:c.
38:c.
23:c.
5743:)
5739:(
5687:)
5683:(
5615:)
5611:(
5560:)
5556:(
5403:)
5399:(
5301:)
5297:(
5283:)
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3025:.
3011::
2998:.
2934:.
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2889::
2866:.
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2809:.
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